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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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TO THE BRITISH DEMOCRACY . DeabFkiexds t-Tfaiaiatbeperiod in which democratic literature is needed—not democracy of the olden school alone , hat a democracy that shall he a reflex of the advanced mind of the age . This pause—this lull in agitation , is the opportunity during which the seed of knowled ge should he sown—the words of truth he showered over the rural districts , and the people ' s mind prepared how to act in the time TO- THE BRITISH DEMOf . Tt ACT .
of coming power . I desire to he one ot the pioneers in the field of progress . I have much to say to you—much to impart , that I think you ought to know—and as I have no other means adequate to the extent of the subject , I have determined not to let the connexion , now renewed between us in my present publications , cease ; I have , therefore , resolved on continuing ( if possibls ) those publications , weekly , under the title of
" . NOTES TO THE PEOPLE ;" and refer you to the advertisement in another part of this paper , for the remaining particulars . Brother Chartists ! If you think that democracy in its real aspect , still needs propounding to the many—if yon think that I have been tried in the cause , and found faithful—if , therefore , you think that cause will find an honest and determined advocacy in my pages , support me in the attempt ! Our movement still needs elevatingneeds raising from personal contention to higher principle—from the noisy platform to the thoughtful study—will you help me in the undertaking ?
I believe that , in the present aspect of our agitation , more good is to be done by the tract and the lecture , than by the meeting only—I desire to serve the cause in that way , which is most adapted to its present circumstances—I seek to write more and to speak less ; I therefore offer you a magazine at the low price of a tract . A large circulation is necessary to cover expense—a low price is necessary to enable it to reach the poor . Try it—and if you find it wanting , discard it ; if not , give me your assistance . Ebnest Jones .
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^ loaves and fishes were temp-*? Je could almost predict a split similar tJ »|' . wweh took p lace in Scotland a few * Jo But we fear that English heroism 5 ! mi to that pitch , and we know that it * JSer for the seceding divines of the f * gentry to sacrifice their stipends , ^ ted in hundreds , than for bellicose rectors , * and bishops to give np thousands . Stheless , ^ have great faith in Hakby ' tj r If any man can * * P S ^ h can ; and it is just possible that he WW do for the voluntary church party that & * 7 _ nuable to do for themselves . & * FOREIGN . ^ rT _ . ~ , ^ ftdumTOtt so tenro .
• f hemostdesperate attempts areheing made to the various parties in France , as the time ( It the election of President draws nearer . It ^ jll , we suspect , in the end he a close hand »„ hand struggle . / Unwarned hy previous experien ce , Leok Fatcher has again directly afcu sed the principles bf his office , and grossly peddled in the election of representatives . It j 3 clear indeed that the factions are read y for gjjj thing , however wicked or unconstitutional , yfcicb . will give them the upper hand . Under these circumstances / and as it may be expected t hat France will he the place where the first tfoirwill he struck , greatinterestwill be excited
jy a manifesto of MAZZESl ' S , published in the JimesofThureday , bytheFrench correspondent of that journal , and said to be addressed to the London . Central Democratic Committee . The creature who " does" the French correspondence orthe Times is veil known to he a mere retailer of the dirty concoctions of the bureau of police , and hut little credit is due to anything that rests on his own credibility . The document in question , however , bears intrinsic marks of authenticity ; and if so , it is a hopeful one . ' Far from dreading , Mazzesi looks forward with hope and exultation to the
renewal of the struggle . " The doctrine of the future" has everywhere taken deep , root ou the Continent , and the existing Govern-Ternments ' are hut shams , propped up by bayonets . On such a foundation no Government ever stood long , and it is contrary to all probability they will do so in future . Royalty is in a had way in Portugal . Queen Mabia and her husband do not dare to appear in public The latter has resigned command of the army , and Saldanha is in full march on Lisbon , at the head of a large force . There are the usual statements as to
Frankfort Diets , and sundry other worn out subterfuges of effete diplomacy in German affairs . It is very likely the storm will hurst forth before the talk is over . Colonial and American sews contain nothing calling for special comment . .
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MONIES RECEIVED Fob the Week Ekdlkg Thcksoat , May 15 th , 1851 . FOE THE HOHESTY FUND . . XECQVED El XT . X 1 DEB , Birmingham , per J . Kewbouse 0 10 6
NATIONAL CHARTER FOND . Received by Jobs Assort . —E . J . Green 63—landport , per h . iivesay » s d—w . H . c . Is—Erestonholme , per Mr . Kito os—Emmett Brigade , per J . Kelley 17 s-Bristol , W EjaJ t 5 sM-H plmfirth , per J . Hirst 5 s-Lambeth Locality , psrE . Miles 7 s . 2 d—C . Shaw , Wellfield , near Rochdale Is 2 d-Woodman Locali ty , per 1 L Bloomfield 153 lOd—Crip plegate Locality , per A . Delaforce is . —Total £ 3 2 s 6 a . CONVENTION FUND . B £ ? by John Assort . —Greenwich , per J . Bobin . con is 3 d . FOR THE EXECUTIVE . Received by W . Kideb . —Birmingham , per J . Smith £ 1 . FOR THE HUNGARIAN AND POLISH REFUGEES . Heceired by W . Bides . —Mr . Potter , Ockbrook , per J . Sweet GA ^ Received bj John ABHort—laudyort , per IL Iivesay 12 s . ¦ ¦
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KOBERT OWEN'S BIRTHDAY . On Wednesday evening a numerous party of the disciple 3 and admirers of this venerable philanthropist , assembled in the Cranboom Hotel , to celebrate his eighty-first birthday . Mr . Fleming , editor of the Northern Star , occupied the chair , and , at the cross table , there were , hesides the guest of the evening , Mr . Horace . Greeley , of the New York Trihae , GeneralHang , editor of the Kosmos , and Hi . Thornton Hunt , of the Leader , Dr . Travis , Mr . Corrs , &c . Among the company ,
which included a great number of ladies , we noticed most of the leading Socialists resident inthemetropolis , besides visitors from Bri ghton and other towns . M . Louis Blanc and Sig . MazzM were unavoidably compelled to be absent bnt sent letters expressive of their high esteem and affection for Mr . Owen . In proposing the toast of the evening , the chairman took occasion to contrast the revolution in public opinion which had been effected by Mr . Owen , during his long and consistent career , ¦ with the ephemeral changes effected by physical force revolutions , and the evanescent character of governments based upon such
foundations , - withthepower derived from aphilosophy based upon truth , and in accordance with human nature . While many dynasties had been destroyed during the last half century , the influence of Mr . Owen ' s " new views of society" had been gradually but steadily acquiring increased influence over the public mind , and at the same time had progressivel y moulded the character of our institutions . Infant schools ; public parks , baths and washhouses , model dwellings for the poor , increased attention to the question of public education , and the improved and tolerant tone of public opinion , were all io be traced to Mr . Owen ' B
unwearied labours . He had stamped the impress of his name upon the age to a greater extent thaa any other individual of the present century ; and it was a matter of the most heartfelt gratification to see him now , in a vigorous and hale old age , with his faculties unimpaired , and as ' huoyant and hopeful as eyer . The toast was drank with great enthusiasm . Mr . Owen , in an admirable address , gave an outline of the philosophy to the expo-Btam of which his life has been devoted . Messrs . Greeley and Hunt delivered excellent and
stirring speeches , in repl y to the toast of . Che Democratic and Social Press of Europe and America ;?'* and General Hang - responded most ably to a toast wishing a speedy and prosperous issue tothe struggles of continental nations for Political and Social Reform . iVT ^ ° P r « plied to the toast of JX 1 ^ " ^^ tHHQs , " in a gpintea speech . The proceedings were enlivened by some excellent « r agS > -full of the spirit of the «* system , and the company parted at alate « wr highl y delighted with the whole proceedw gs of the evening .
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THE EXPATRIATED PATRIOTS . On Wednesday evening last , several of the deleeffi ? ^ s ' dent «» tte metropolis attended at the r ™ f of the Chartist Executive , li , Sonthampionj " * et . Strand , in order to act with them In carrytion i - resolit » on adopted by the late Convened r J the ab 0 Te exiles . John Milne in the ¦* John Arnott reported the result of his in-£ ? ? i ' * Daacombe , M . P ., and ftrily excW , e KASOr > s why that gentleman had de"oe < i to undertake the introduction of SO importon ^ Si Je ^" M h w « e deemed higHy satisfacj . and as Mr . Duncombe bad recommended that PnroLTl ley ' M - p - should be applied to for that in « w Vu ArtiOtt was "ratracted to act accord'Wnfo gn t ™ * 11 ad J ouniedtoWednesday
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an ^ gjwa BowiBHr . —A robbery of unheard-of « «* eSLi ? : v Tfae thiCTe ^ wli 0 were Probably **? ^ 4 « monient when the S ates were Ik « ' J ? , ? arned « £ one of thelions of the menagerie . ** if ££ f ""' -I * " «* of tbe fact tbe nest raommg , *» h 5 « £ ^ bT * rf ^ "wwring the thieve ? stains ! SmS ? * ?¦ bem tocei as far as the Qnai by cS fjfooi on the ground . A handklrchieY tte a ^ n ^ * , 00 dhi 9 also lKm diecorered near auaa l » lair ; it bean the initials » C . V . "
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• warm discussion on the subject , Mr . Oaborn said tbat the two parties that had risen up in the association had better be separated . The patty who were determined to join < , ho National Charter Association had better do so , and the other had better form a separate Association . He recommended them to form a Finsbory Democratic Association , for , if they named it the Finsbury Republican Preparation Society , there would be as much fear pervading the minds of the unthinking working class as there is odium in the name of Chartism , to prevent them joining our ranks . The recommendation was much approved of , and the Finsbury locality of the National Charter Association , and a Finsbury Democratic Association ( having for Ha groundwork tbe obtainmont by all lawful means the six cardinal points of the People ' s Charter ) was formed . Mr . Blake was unanimously to warm discussion on the subject . Mr . Oaborn *
elected treasurer , and Mr . Cater secretary , the new association . The sub-secretary of the National Charter Association enrolled fifteen , and the secretary to the new association nineteen membera . It . was arranged that each party should meet again in the same house nextSunday night , but in separate rooms , to afford the new Association time to procure a place to meet in . The secretary to the committee , formed to obtain a new local hall for this borough , informed the meeting that they ( the committee ) had obtained a newly-built halJ , capable of holding five hundred persons , and , thai with good management it would be opened in about a fortnight . He urgently called on the friends present to assist the committee to furnish the said hall with sitting * , &c . The meeting separated on very friendly terms , determined to co-operate rs far as consistent with the views of each party , to excel each other in the good work of
democracy . . MANOuESiER . —On Sunday evening Mr . T . ClavK , of London , addressed a large meeting in the People ' s Institute , Heyrod-street , Ancoats , on the Present State of Political Parties in the House of Commons . At the conclusion of Mr . Clark ' s address several important questions were asked , which Mr . Clark answered to the satisfaction of the meeting . A vote of thanks was given , by acclamation , to Mr . Clark for bis ecture , and the meeting then separated . Manchester LocAMtr , —The monthly meeting of tin-members of this locality was held on Sunday last , in the Cumberland-street Booms . Mr . John Knight in the chair . The secretary read over the raiuuteB of the lust meeting , which were confirmed . The financial , , business ot the association was then entered into , and declared satisfactory . The books having been audited were found correct . Several resolutions , of a local nature , were afterward ?
adopted , and the meeting separated . -Mr . J . Crook lectured in the evening , at the same place , to a numerous audience , and was liBtened to with very great attention . Mr . Crook , though for a great length of time an avowed Chartist in principle , baa but recently connected himself more intimately with us , and we have every reason to be proud of the alliance . The masterly manner in which he defended the principles for which we contead has stamped his reputation as a powerful advocate of democracy . He received the unanimous thinks of the meeting .- On Monday evening the Council met for the transaction of their weekly business , when it was determined that the large room in Jeraey-street , Great Ancoats-street , recently occupied by the Latter Day Saints , should be taken by this association , and opened on Sunday evening next , tbe 17 th May . We are proud in stating that every week our numbers increase .
Finsbdrt . —The members met at Albemarle Coffee-house , Albemarle-street , Clerkcnwell , on Sunday evening last . Mr . Osborn in the chair . —The minutes of the previous meeting were read und confirmed . Several new members enrolled their names ; after which it was moved by Mr . Fennell and seconded by Mr . Batchelor : — " That an address be printed and circulated in the borough of Finsbury , calling on all true Chartists to join the National Charter Association . " Carried . After which it was moved and seconded by Mr . Farren : — "That a meeting be held at the Crystal Coffee House , Vine-street , Eatton-gardeb , on Monday evening , May 19 th , to consider the Programme of the late Convention . " Carried . Moved by Mr . Fennel
and seconded : — " That the members elect a Council on Sunday evening next . " Carried . A . deputation was received from the City Locality , soliciting cooperation in getting up a meeting on behalf of Frost , Williams , and Jones , and other political victims . The co-operation of the Finsbury locality was immediately promised , after which the meeting adjourned till Sunday evening next . Staltbridge . —At the weekly meeting of members on Sunday last , resolutions were adopted to assist the Executive in carryingout the programme , and persons were appointed to receive subscriptions . The programme was ordered to be discussed
on Sunday next . After the transaction of other business the meeting adjourned . —The members met again on Tuesday evening ; ten shillings was bonded in for thn Executive , and it WHS resolved that one pound should bo sent to that body . It was also resolved , that a Democratic Supper should be held in the meeting room on Thursday evening , June 12 th . Two persons were appointed to draw up an address to the inhabitants , calling upon them to join the Association . A new committee was appointed for the next three months , and the meeting dissolved . AH communications must be addressed to William Hill , 8 , Winterbottom ' a Houses , Cross Leach-street , Stalybridse .
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NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Offices , 14 Southampton-street , Strand . The Executive Committee of this body , held their nsual weekl y meeting as above , on Wednesday evening last—present , Messrs . Arnott , Grassby , Hunt , Jones , and Milne . Messrs . Harney , Holyoake ( being on atour ) O'Connor , and Reynolds were absent . John Milne presided . A great amount of correspondence was read . Ernest Jones then read the following letter he had received from the Home Office .
Whitehall , May 12 tb , 1851 . Sib , —Secretary Sir George Grey having carefully considered your application in behalf of W Ellis , J . Frost , Z . Williams , and W . JoneB , lam instructed to express to you his regret that there is no sufficient ground to justify him , consistently with his public duty , in advising her Majesty to comply with the prayer thereof . lam , Sir . Yonr most obedient humble Servant , E est Jonfs . Esq ., H . Waddikdioh . 14 , Southampton-street , Strand . Ernest Jones was instructed to write to Sir George Grey , to inquire whether the memorials had actually been presented to her Majesty .
1 he Secretary reported , that he had waited on the Vestrymen of St . Pancras with a requisition , numerously signed by the ratepayers of that parisb ., soliciting the use of the Vestry Rooms to hold a pnblic meeting , in order t ! petition the House of Commons to enact such a law as would place the Franchise on a just and equitable basis ; and that the use of the said rooms had been . unanimousl y granted by the Vestry for such meeting , to beheld on Monday evening , May 26 th . After the transaction of financial and otber business , the Committee adjourned to Wednesday , May 21 st .
N . B . —The agents of the various localities are earnestly requested to forthwith forward tbe monies they have received for the National Subscription .
Signed on behalf of £ he Committee , John Abnoii , Secretary .
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St . Pakchas . —On Sunday evening a full audience attended at the Bricklayers * Arms , Tonbridge-street Hew-road . John Arnott was unanimousl y called to the chair , and briefly introduced James Finlen , who delivered an able lecture on the Present Position of the Chartist Movement , during which the principal points in the Programme adopted by the recent Chartist Convention were eloquently snpported by the lecturer . An animated discussion ensued , in which Messrs . Jonu Fussell ( who at treat length defended the Parliamentary BefonnerslL Slocombe , Humphreys , Clifton ( late of Bristol ) , and Hoggis took part , and an unanimous vote of thanks to the lecturer and chairman closed the proceedings . Islikgton . —On Wednesday evening , May Wtb , a meeting was held at the Camden Coffee-house ,
i / amden-street , Islington-green , for the purpose of forming a locality of the National Charter Association . —Mr . Leno in the chair . Suitable addresses having been made , the following committee was elected :-Messrs . Wren , Slocombe , Cottle , I < eno , and Clifton . —J . Hoggis , Treasurer , T . A . Wood , Secretary . —The Chartist Programme having been voted for discussion on the ensuing week , the meet ' ing adjourned until the 21 st inst . . ^ . ? Z . XoBKSHnus . —The Executive address to the Trades was read at the weeklv meetin g held
in the Democratic School-room-Mr . E . Smith in rae chair . After which the following persons were elected to the CouncU for the next three months : — rL- w- ?* o ) C < Bone » ^ Clai * & Smith , J . Isaac Wilson , S . Broadbent , J . Moore , J . Alderson , dent-T ^^ Thom Pson ; W . Connell , Presi-Wnh- ; 1 c &tehen ' Measurer ; and J . Hudson , Sffl ^ SSW * Auditors ' " ffornwnton , r ! Milfred , and J Farrer ; Roomkeeper , E . Smith ; SnTT g Se . cretary » Thomas Wilcock , to cSr-i ? raEd Ualpleby ' - ""»¦* **
J . EWCASIIX-A public meeting was held in the Democratic ReadiDg-room , St . Uicholas-square , on Thursday night last . Mr . Watson addressed the meeting , and after impressing on the people the necessity of uniting for their political andT social rights , referred to the attempt made by the despotB of the North to poison Kossuth and the inhabitants of Cntagn , which was received with a thrill of horror by the meeting . He was followed by Messrs . Charlton and Gunn . The second meeting was held on the Quay , on Sunday morning . The speakers were Messrs . Watson and Gunn . Mr . Watson alluded to the late harangue of Lord Melbourne , and showed the fallacy of the doctrine , tbat it was a dispensation of God that there should
be rich and poor . He was followed by Mr . Gnnn , who showed that all the grievances which afflict society were to be traced to class legislation . Both meetings were well attended . Siockport . —On Sunday evening last Mr . Mantle lectured on the " General topics of the day . " . Mr . Thomas Clews was called to the chair . The lecturer wm listened to with great attention . After a vote of thanks to the lecturer , the chairman requested the attendance of the members after non-» hHTf j m ? "'"^' to ^ estigate certain charges £ L been * 2 S ain 8 t ^ . Mantle , which charges arose out of statements made by Mr . Ben-Eff I ° 2 Of * hich were frwn " Hearsay , " and told by him as such ; the enemies of Mr . Mantle getting possession of the statements , greatW augmented the same , to castreflectiononhS chXcter . After hearing both sides of the question the foU owing resolution was adopted . - " nS ihullil
mgtnuj exonerates Mr . ifcntfefrom 8 ny blame " ftepniir .-A meeting of memberaSplaS at the Albennarle Coffee-house , Albermarle-8 tK . t Clerkenwell-Mr . Blake in thf S 3 ? It S moved by Mr . Cater , and seconded by Mr . H . Hockley :- That the members of the late association do agree to quash the proceedings of the 27 th of Apr il last , and all that has been done relating to the dissolution of the association , for the following reasons : — 'lBt . That the motion for its dissolution was brought on at a time without the visitors giving the majority of the members notice of the same , contrary to a resolution made on the 12 th of last January . ' ' 2 nd . That the mover of the motion for dissolution did not give the secretary the proper week ' s notice of the same , violating by so acting the second bye-law of the association . ' ' 3 rd . That the said motion was brought on at an unseasonable hour of the night , and that non-members voted on tie motion . '" Messrs . Weeden and Windmill opposed the present motion , After mnoh
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him the oause of his sufferings . We WOu ! d also re-TOdttl ^ ' ^^^ wto y . ^ mit to the nwvWin l r act 8 > , "d collect and transmav heahlftnn ^ u ' ' 1110 ^ such sums as they Ktions ° ° ! leCt by ^ of * riptionS and object srwasiss s in sa r thnt the portant one . To cam ? inf a gr ,- , and an ira-£ 3 S ?«* S 3 £ THE himthe cause nf hio ¦ . „« -.=. ~ ~—
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of , and with power to add to their number from , the body of exhibitors . "That a deputation be appointed by the said committee to wait upon the Royal Commissioners for the Exhibition with a copy of these resolutious , and to urge the claims of exhibitors as therein embodied . " The resolutions having been seconded and adopted , the following gentlemen were appointed the committee : —Mr . Mechi , Alderman Copeland , Mr . Wishaw , Mr , WiutOfl , and Mr . Rettiei A vote of thanks was then unanimously passed to the Chairman , aud the meeting adjourned to Thursday evening next .
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MEETING OF EXHIBITORS . A meeting of Exhibitors was held on Thursday at Crosby Hall , Bishopsgate-street , to consider , the position in which the Exhibitors stood with regard to the Exhibition . Mr . H . TVinton , of Birmingham , was appointed to take the chair . Mr . John Tebat , C . E ., moved : — " That this meeting of the Exhibitors in the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations , views with regret the stringent course of policy which the Eoyal Commissioners have pursued , and are pursuing , towards the Exhibitors . " . Theresolution was seconded , and , unanimously adopted . ¦
Mr . HAitiHs moved the next resolution , viz ., —! 'That this meeting feels . that the free admission of all exhibitors , under such restrictions only as mi ght be necessary to guard against abuse , would be just to the exhibitors , and highly conducive to the general success of the undertaking , " Mr . Nichols seconded the resolution . Mr . J . Harris objected to the words " under such restrictions onl y as might be to
necessary guard against abuse ; " and , after some discussion , those words were omitted , and the resolution , as amended , was passed . Mr . Rettie , C . E ., and the inventor of railway and marine signab , moved , —" That this meeting considers that many circumstances may arise during the season of the Exhibition which may render it advisable for exhibitors to have a system of . intercommunication established . . :
" That a committee be appointed for the purpose of carrying into effect . theresolutions passed at this meeting and to act on behalf
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occasion by the high judicial dictum of Mr ¦ Baron Rolfe , the present Vice-Chancellor of ^ ngiand , forms a precedent which cannot be lightl y overruled ; and , in further corroboration wo bavo very recentl y the opinion of the first law officer of the crown-the Queen ' s wwT » ttom ey-genoral—Mr . Cockburn . wi iff fS " ' - Of bigh legal dicta ' SIS , «? consci ° U 8 ness that no crime sure and discomforture of \ U «« J SB ^ ar- ^ Kra William Peel , secretary 259 , Tottenham Court-road .
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . T . 6 . Duncojuk , Esq ., M . P ., President . Established 1845 .
" FUX iOSTITIA , " "Ifitwerepo 8 sible for the working classes , by combimni ; among themselves , to raise , or keen up the general rate of wages , it need hardly be said that this would be a thing not to be punished , but to bo welcomed and rejoiced atl fiTUABT Mill . The Central Committee were highly gratified by the important meeting of delegates which took place on Thursday night , at the Bell Inn , Old Bailey , to receive Mr . W . P . to
Roberts , the solicitor ^ and hear from that gentleman a full explanation of the nature of the indictments by which the Wolverhampton employers seek to put down the National Association of United Trades , and indeed every description of Trades ? Unions . Upwards of fifty delegates were present , and listened with great interest , to a narrative of the events and operations of the Central Committee in Wolverhampton , out of which this prosecution has originated . . , \
Mr . W . P . Roberts entered at great lengt into an explanation of the lav of conspiracy , and showed the subtleties and refinements , and the indefinite character of this legal man-trap , which the late ' Lord EUenborough—no very greatfriend to the liberty of the subject—but a judge who had deeply considered the law in question , has frequently said— - "had been carried to a length which shows that it ought notto becarried any further . " Mr . Roberts gave it as his opinion , that although violence , intimidation , threats , and molestation , areas usual charged
against the , defendants , the charge which would be most strongly pressed against them , would be conspiring to persuade certain partieB to leave the employ of the prosecutor ,, and although there was no doubt that it was strictl y lawful for any individual to persuade another to do any act which it was lawful for himself to do , yet it had not been satisfactoril y settled , whether it was lawful for a number of individuals to combine for a purpose which was perfectly legal for one . Mr . Roberts cited several cases in which either convictions had
been obtained , or in which the defendants had been induced to plead guilty , on being promised that by so doing , and giving security for future good behaviour , no punishment should be inflicted . Ho said he knew of no instance of a case of conspiracy for combination where an acquittal had been obtained . That in former cases some overt acts of intimidation or molestation had been established , upon which juries were always ready to convict . Mr . Roberta observed , that this form of the law of conspiracy was never found to be brought against any other class of society hut the working class , although the crime of combination , if crime it was , was notoriously in daily practice through every department of society ,
and flagrantly so among the employers of labour . He cited , as illustrating this position , the professions of the army , navy , the medical , and legal professions , and the church . He expresed his strong desire to be entrusted with a case in which the principle could be fully discussed , and the law finaly and undis « putably settled by the solemn decision of the judges of England ; and he thought this case one peculiarly suitable for that important object , because , as far as he could see and understand it at present , it was the strongest case for a defence he had met with . He therefore considered that the working classes were deeply interested in the decision , which if adverse , would render illegal any and every form of industrial combination .
But in order to force a decision which should be definite and final , it would be necessary that it should be argued by the most exalted and influential talent to be found at the bar ; and this could only be obtained at a large pecuniary cost .. He trusted that if this case was to be fought , it would be in earnest and that no compromise or ' concessions would be accepted , but . that the great natural right of combination , as recognised by the statute law , would be boldly and fearlessly contended for , backed by the whole weight and influence of the Trades of Great Britain , who were so deeply and seriously interested in the issue .
Mr . Roberts' speech was listened to with the most earnest attention , and its conclusion was greeted with rounds of applause . The evening was too far advanced for further discussion , and after some remarks and questions from somo of the delegates , the meeting was adjourned until Monday evening . On Monday Messrs . Peel , Green , Winters , and Humphries , accompanied by Mr . Roberts , had an interview with T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., to whom Mr . Roberts explained the legal aspect of the case . Mr . Duncombe expressed the deep interest he felt in the case , and his desire that the highest legal talent should be retained , and requested that his name should be inscribed on the subscription sheets for twenty guineas .
We thus place before our members and the readers of the "Northern Star , " the opinions of our solicitor upon this important case , and Mr . Duncombe's noble and generous contribution for the defence of the principles which he has so long and so consistently supported . We feel assured that this fresh proof of that gentleman ' s sympathy with the interests of the sons of toil will be justly appreciated , and draw from many-an - honest heart an earneBt prayer of truth and sincerity , for his perfect restoration to that greatest of all blessingshealth . . 'Such friends and patrons are too
scarce not to be highly estimated , and warmly cherished by working men , as some of the patrons of the . 'f . Morning Advertiser" will surely discover , when < their dirty and selfish plottings are ripe for exposure . On the part of the nine defendants , we can only reiterate our firm conviction , that any attempt to establish an overt act of threats , intimidation , or even of cr iminal molestation , must fail , except through the medium of direct perjury . If a conviction is obtained , it can only be by judicial fiat , that peaceful combination is lawful for all classes ef British subjects , except working men . That every species of property may be protected by associative power , except
labour . That the national boast of equal rights and equal laws is a legal fiction—a thing as unreal as the philanthropy of Free-traders , or the sincerity and patriotism of Protectionists . That labour is in very fact the common prey of every ,. other class of society . That , in all future times , the caBe of the Queen , at the suit of Perry v . the Tin Plate Workers of Wolverhampton , will be cited as a judicial precedent in support of this monstrous proposition ; and that the law of conspiracy , deBpite Lord Ellenborough ' s opi . nion , will have been pushed to a limit beyond which it appears impossible to further extend it . But wo have a strong faith that these dark forebodings will not , upon this occasion , be realised .
We believe that tbe opinions as to the legality of Trades Unions , expressed bo emphatically upon the ; . Newton case by Mr . Watson , Mr . Barnes , an ^ 'MiV Knowles Queen ' s Counsel , confirmed upon that
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Thursday . P . S . —Wo beg to acknowledge the adhesion of the Linsey Weavers , of Kendal , to the number of 221 at the first meeting . Wo are gratified at this proof , that the Perrys and leir prosecutions are not likely to deter our fellow workmen from what we again assure them is a perfectly legal combination , W , P .
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THE REFUGEES AT LIVERPOOL . IO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR , biR , _ It appears that about seventy of the po lish and Hungarian Refugees are yet in Liverpool , whose situation is none of the best , while the few resident iu the several townB of Lancashire and Yorkshire are faring somewhat better . Is it not possible for the large towns , which have none of tbe Refugees , to support a few , such as Macclesfield , and other places ^ We hope the Democrats of ev ery town will endeavour to lessen , the W-then of the good men of Liverpool , by taking aomeof the patriots among them , and thus assist more efliciently to place the noble exilies out of the reach of want . On behalf of the Chartists ' of Todmorden , Thos . Fielden . Cores . Sec .
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LA . TEST FOREIGN NEWS . THE REVOLUTION IN PORTUGAL . ^ The Oriental Company ' s steam-packet Ibe ~ ria , arrived at Southampton on Thursday morning . Among the passengers is Count de Thomar . The date from Lisbon has been anticipated by the arrival at Southampton , with dates to April 10 , of the Medway . Saldanha was expected at Lisbon [ from Oporto , at the head of 5 , 000 troops on the 12 th instant . Although nominated President by the Queen he declared that he will not accept of the post until he is in Lisbon . He issues all
documents in the name of ths Queen . There is every apprehension that the Queen willhe obliged to abdicate , and that a repuhliowill be proclaimed . French influence is powerfully at work . The British minister is active and is striving to form an English party . He is trying , it appears , to form a coalition between Maghalente and Saldanha . Two men-of-war have been sent by the British admiral to Oporto , with urgent despatches for Saldanha . All the troops are gone over to him . It is expected that he will be received with open arms at Lisbon .
According to a telegraphic despatch given in the " Independance Beige , " Saldanah left Oporto for Lisbon on the 4 th .
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ELECTION MOVEMENTS . The doctors of Kendal on the Liberal interest have resolved to return Mr . George Carr Glyn , their present member , free of all expense , if he will allow himself to be again nominated upon the digsolution of the present parliament . The electors of Berwick-upon-Tweed . disgatilj « fiod with many of the votes , and the general subserviency of Mr . Forster to the "Whig Ministry , have taken steps to endeavour to return two Conservatives for that town at the next ceneral
election . Mr . Forster . has given mortal offence to his constituents by hisreceut vote for the perpetuation , of the iniquitous income tax . HABwicu .--. On Thursday the committee , in continuance of their protracted scrutiny , declared the Tot ? of George Ifalborough , of Harwich , "bad ;" making the fifth vote in favour of Mr . Crauford , and placing him on a par with the nuraberB polled for Mr . Pnnsep , one more vote being required to sfc mem b maJ ° " aM t 0 eDtitle h ' m t 0 ba
Isle op WwHT .-The writ was received on Wednesday , and the nomination is fixed to take placeat Newport , on the 23 rd instant , and the polline on Monday and Tuesday following , the 26 th and 27 th . Mr . Dawes , the free trade candidate , -will be proposed by Mr . John Bonham Carter , M . P . for Winchester , and seconded by the JBon , Augustus
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ADDRESS OF THE MEMBERS OP THE EDINBURGH DEMOCRATIC TRACT SOCIETY . TO ALL INTERESTED IN THE PROGRESS OP THE DEMOCRATIC CAUSE . Pkiekds , —All our conventions have recommended the publication and distribution of tracts ; but , as yet , the people have failed to take up this question with that devotion and energy which its importance demands . We are convinced that it is impossible to reach the minds of a large portion of
our agricultural population without their aid ; we think it may be said withtruth , that there exists a vast snbstratum in society which is , generally speaking , beyond the reach of our public meetings , lectures , and even newspapers . If we intend to gain the ear and train the mind of this important portion of our class , tracts are the only agents that can be successfully employed . Indeed , they have borne an important part in all the struggles in which the human family have been engaged in their progress from barbarism towards civilisation . In illustration of this we will cite the following examples : —
Some eighteen centuries ago a new class of ideas were presented to the world in a new form . Their propounder sprung from the ranks of labour ; the rich . and the powerful put him to death as an infidel and a blasphemer ; they persecuted his followers but those ideaB were preserved and circulated by means of written tracts or letters , and thus spread abroad , overturning in their progress the old established forms of religion ; and changed the destinies of empires and peoples . IinBpired by them the English Puritans overturned the despotism of the Stuarts , and the Scottish covenants maintained a straggle against the enemies of their liberties and their faith for twenty-two years , and finally came off triumphant . The illustrious Louis Kossuth , when
he saw his countrymen about to be deprived of their ancient rights and privileges , flew to the press , and , through its means , breathed into his countrymen his neble and devoted spirit . Simple and primative as was tbe instrument he nsed , by the results which he obtained , he has read a noble leason to all lovers of human liberty . pother " striking illustration of the influence which ideas , circulated by means of tracts , are cal * oulated to exert over tbe human mind , is to be found in the labours of Joseph Mmini . He looked nppn the lovely land of Italy—the land of his fathers—and thought of the glory departed . To breathe new life into the prostrate form of his glorious but fallen country , became the settled purpose of his mind , and he set himself to the work with stern unbending devotion ; hetauhtlall whom
g he could prevail upon to listen to his teaching , he circulated his ideas by means of tracts over the legnth and breadth of his fatherland , and by their means he breathed the mighty aspirations of his own soul into the Italian mind , nntil it burst the bonds which for centuries had bound it to misery and to nothingness . True the foot-fall of the tyrant is once again heard echoing through her halls ; but she is dead Italy no longer , tte living principle is strong within her . Her day of liberty and of triumph is not far distant . This is a position which we have yet to achieve . We have set before us noble example of the manner in which it may be done ; the path of duty lies straight before us ; let all who know and value the principles of democracy teach them to their fv . ends and their children .
Friends , —We are convinced that the Wide and universal dissemination of our principle ? , can alone secure their ultimate triumph . To aid this great work we have purchased a printing press , and typeB , and by joint labour in our leisure hours , have already been able to print and circulate thousands of tracts . Our society is at present in entire working condition , still we feel how little we are able to accomplish , compared with what may be done , were our brethren throughout the country to take up this question in an earnest and truthful spirit . The object we wish to obtain by issuing the present address , is the establishment of Democratic Printing Societies in all the principal towns whioh , ? y an interchange of their productions , shall keep in constant circulation , a continual stream of tracts , and carry to the flre-side of every workings man the knowledge of his rights , and . explain to
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PACTS m ^ D ^ GREAT vSL A&andffi ^ / Ro * ™™» MonTn Saturdav i W *' ' vi 8 ited the Exhibition on oaiuraay , and again on Mondav On hnth occasions the Royal party came an hour or two beh ? tCW ^ ereadmitted and thus had Sited ? BK ? of insp ^ ctin e ai ' tioIe * «• ™« hSinirvSL r pume the suro courso of concentrating attention as much as possible upon narticular compartments , after havng attaint a The attendence has . varied with the weather : but the money taken-as will be seen from the i joined statement-has averaged £ 1 . 800 or £ 2 000
rlLT lilt K ? a ? Seaion tickets . <* "till s ^ aays ^ aa ^ p ^ - * May 2 nd , at £ 1 ; .. £ mo 0 0 S ' SJ' I '* * 482 ° ° S J 11 1 , 302 10 0 M 4 h H ' MBS 10 0 fi £ M 5 s . 1 . 790 15 0 May 8 th ,. at 5 s .. 2 , 018 0 0
May-9 th , at 5 s , 824 . 10 0 w l ™ u' at 5 s v 1 . 843 15 0 May 12 th , atfis . 1 , 50710 0 ' Mayl 3 . ch , atAV ... ; ..... 2 , 200 0 0 Mayl 4 th at 5 s 2 , 000 0 0 - Ofl Thursday the receipts from visitors rose higher than ever . . The 5 s . contributions amounted to £ 2 , 430 , and the . sale of season-tickets , which still goes on prosperously , swelled the total Bum taken to £ 3 , 300 .
So flourishing is the , exchequer , inconsequence , that it now begins to be mooted how the surplus shall be employed . It seems reckoned upon confidently , that the building will be made a present to the nation . Those of the exhibitors who are dissatisfied with their non-free admission , are taking heart , from the prosperity of the treasury , to renew their demands .
The artists have been foremost in the hospitalitieaof the season , having given a dinner to the foreign sculptors , at the Thatohed HouBe , on Alon ' day evening . About a hundred gentlemen were present . Sir C . Eastlake presided . The toast of the evening was , " The Health of the Foreign artists , " which Tferr Kiss acknowledged . His great work , the Amazon Group , will be well remembered by all who have visited the Exhibition , and the artist , in personal apperance , is not un . worthy Of his production . Ho has a fine massive German form , and a cast of countenance eminently frank and manly . His short address he delivered with straightforward energy , and he was loudly cheered by the company . M . du Seifmeur . ttm
sculptor Of St . Michael and Satan represented , with great modesty of manner , the French , and Senior Mouti spoke on behalf of the Italian artists . Senior Mouti managed to express his thanks in English , and hoped that his ho 3 ts might have their preBent hospitalities acknowled ged to them on the banks oj the Po and the Tiber . M . du Seigneur adhered" to his native language . HerrKiss spoke in German , and , iu somplimvnt to the foreigners present , the President proposed the toastin French , and the most common medium of communication among persons of different countries . . This gives some idea of the polyglot character of the entertainment , which was further diversified by a speech in Italian from Signor Bezzi , in acknowledgment of the toast , "Rome is a school for Sculptor . " A h A tVtAAMMW ftt 4-Via aam «* a *»< 1 ! k- > -. P T 1 At meeting 01 the corporation of London
a , on Saturday , it was resolved that an entertainment , or entertainments , should be given to the distinguished foreigners visiting the metropolis ; and a committee was appointed to consider and report upon the most eligible moans of accomplishing that object in Guildhall . Itis understood that the plan will be upon the most magnificent scale . The Clothworker ' s Company , of which the Right Hon . the Lord Mayor is a member , and of which his lordship was Master when the grand entertainment was given to the late Sir Robert Peel , are about to invite a number of the most distinguished foreigners . to a banquet on an early day . Other companies are preparing to show the spirit with which they can 'sustain the character of the citizens of London for hospitality ; and there will be , it is Bupposed . -a moBt strenuous rivalry .
. The French exhibitors still continue their preparations , and the goods forwarded from Turkey are not yet arranged . Professors Royle and Soley are busily engaged in the distribution of the large and valuable additional consi gnment within the last few days received from India . Several of the most valuable artioles have been placed in the stalls facing the nave , and so great is their value esteemed , that they have been surrounded with a railing , as if they were State prisoners . We hardly think that this precaution was necessary , and it certainly is not ornamental . Our own jewellers have not considered it requisite to adopt any such measures of safety , and they ought to know something of the risks incurred . However , we do not
cavn at tne Kast India Company for what they have done , the more especially aa their collection promises , when completed , to be one of extraordinary interest , splendour , and attractiveness . In addition to the Lahore jewels , they have now , in stalls facing the nave , the " Durria-i-Noor , " or " Sea of Light "—an immense diamond , set as an armlet , with ten smaller stones around it ; a necklace of 224 large pearls , and a shorter one of 104 smaller pearls ; a necklace of four large rubies , a pair of emerald armlets , a carved emerald and diamond turban or . nament , an emerald and diamond bridle and martingale , a gold-mounted saddle , set with , diamonds , emeralds , and rubies ; a magnificent brocaded robe , richly decorated with pearls ; and an emerald girdle , the stones in which are of immense size , and most of them of very fine quality . This list of jewellery will give the public some , idea of the manner in which our Eastern empire is
represented , and will recall some at least of those visions of fabulous wealth and splendour with whioh the name of India used in former times to be connected . Until the collection is completely arranged it would be premature to notice further the more prominent features of the fresh arrivals . The Rojpal Commission have again had under their consideration the propriety of making arrangements for the accommodation of the working classes who may be expected after the 26 th to visit London in order to see the Exhibition . They have determined to abstain from organising any system with that object , as their doing so would interfere with many praiseworthy undertakings of private individuals for the same purpose , but they recommend mechanics to co-operate , and to take Bucb . steps before leaving home as may obviate the incpnveniencies that would otherwise arise from large numbers coming together without any previous preparation . . ' . '
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Deplorable Catastbophb . -A letter from Montreal says that the banks of the river Yamaska have fallen in , carrying away about SOventy-two acres of land , with , three houses and outbuildings with a number of cattle and horses . One woman * and two children are also said to have been , drowned . The Yamaska is about twenty miles below Montreal . Glass Roofing . —The Crystal Palace . —There is a section of ridge and furrow roofing with Hartley ' s patent rough plate in the Sunderland division of the Exposition deserving of especial noticeas it
, economises surface , frame-work , and expense of glass . The patent rough plate is quito a new article , and by it a saving of full fifty or sixty per cent , over the thinnest cast plate hitherto made is obtainable . It requires no shading in summer , and is sufficiently translucent for the winter , while for conservatories , its power of modifying the sun ' a burning influence over vegetation is equally remarkable . It is very tough , bearing a good deal of handling without breaking or cracking . It haa been tried , and with great success , at the Society's Gardens at Chiswick , and in the conservatories of many noble and wealthy horticulturists .
Discovert op Guaso . —Intelligence has been received from the Civil Commissioner of the Seyohelleai Islands to the effect that there is an almost in . exhaustible supply of guano in that region . News for the Protectionists . — ' Carnarvonifl always considered a market at which butchers ' meats are to be obtained at moderate prices . A pretty correct notion may be formed oftheprioa that fat stock commands in these days of agricultural depression , from the fact that a lot of twenty yearling wethers , bought the other day at Ponrhyn Castlo Farm to be sold as mutton in this market fetched the sum of £ 50 , being only 7 < 1 . per pound , sinking the offal , or £ 2 10 s . a piece . —Carnarvon Herald . ' : . :
From the Glasgow oenaiiB returns , it appears that the population , inoluding the ¦ suburbs beyondthe parliamentary boundaries , is 458 , 920 against 280 , 682 in 1841 . , , ... i Stewhauser has produced , a statue of Hatinemann , in bronze , which will be erected in the Promenade Park of Leipaic , and ¦ inaugurated on' the 10 th of August . Mr . Peto , M . P ., it has ; accidentally oomo out , went beyond all tno Peerage by guaranteeing £ 50 , 000 to the Bank of England , when things looked uncommonly queer with the Exhibition Commissioners ; and not only that , but he refused tohavti the fact made public .
Tub Union Jack took its name at the time when Scotland was united to England , James I . then quartered the unicorn , with the English lion instead of the dragon . ¦ ;¦• ¦ ..-. - . . Staffordshire is said to boast of a native nine feet and one inch in height ! - . . The Augsburg Algemeine Zeitung announces tbat the succession to the throne of Greece haB been Rnf tied on Prince Adalbert , on the condition that hu children should become members of the Greek
The Saht Pullique of Lyons savB thaf th * . ;* . tin of the dlk- weavers in that cftv becont m day worse and worse . With many of S ! m -n ? SrssKSstt ^^^ C the suffering workmen ' progre 8 B to I ' * ^ SSSSSS ^? Mar 8 eille » i * a ' rivednnd ffd ^ ttrtSi te 8111 ' - ^ * " " i ssisips ssSSSSS ?* . - *
il ,, ii £ ?\ JPatriwcb . of-Venice was taken ill auring the celebration of mass on Eastor Sunday , and compelled'to quit the church . ' His Eminence ¦ was earned home forthwith , and reoeived medical aw ; but a violent inflammatory fever came on , and upon the fifth day ( 25 th ) he expired .
Cftftttst Intelligence.
Cftftttst Intelligence .
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not so May 17 , 1851 . THE NORTHERN STAR . sg L not ~ — - ~ - - ^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 17, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1626/page/5/
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