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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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EDUCATION . Men of thought , with iron nerre , Fronting error , take your stand ; Sever from jour purpose swerve . Till it cease from oct the land : Long and dread the strife may be , — Ye yet shall have . the master ;! "VVisdom ' s garb though it assume , Tear the flimsy veil aside ; Let the light of Truth illume EDUOATTOY
Falsehood ' s kingdom far and wide : Though around you darkness dines The dawn is nigh of better things . ' Ignorance , —tbe sleep of miud Hold it in . a fatal trance , To vou bright creation blind Waiting now its ou ' ning glance * Be it yours the s , ell to break , The souls of inea shall then awake ! "When before that mighty host Error ' 8 dark dominion falls , His were then a feeble bonst Who the body disenthralls ; The tyrant ' s chain he breaks—but ye Boldly bid the soul be free i
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nobles nominated no commission to make a report ; they did not form , themselves into committee with presidents and secretaries : they used their long steady lances , and cased in steel as well as their horses they soon put down the naked peasants notwithstanding their numbers . Our present army , with its discipline and artillery , has the same superiority over the masses , and as long as it chooses to make use of it , there cau be no doubt of its triumph . But to try and oppose the impending universal irruption by arguments and legislative "" ' - " — " --itril ii 1 fun 1 | J | M | th » y did not form , themselves into committees mth J >™*»« s and secretaries : thev J 7 S La
proceedings , is to be wilfully blind to the impotence of all elected assemblies in presence of the Teat uprisings of mankind . .... All that may be attempted at that time will prove fruitless . In vain the deputies are told to be united ; the union of a few talkers is without importance beyond the immediate precincts of the legislative palace . Their disunion is as immaterial as it is tl iflin" ( 0 take note of it . It is not in that deserted building which Paris even has ceased to regard , it is not in that card-board room that the destinies of the world will
be decided . The world is elsewhere—everywhere or if there be one spot where it is not , that is it . One breathes there a sort of local poison , which makes one forget exterior events ; people live there a curious sort of life—the life of lobbies , galleries and benches . Men are moved , excited and roused there by a set of ideas which have no being without those walls . The Red Spectre will not be arrested by such a laughable obstacle . No , no , all calculation or reflection is useless under ihe steadily increasing pressure of time which is hurrying on . In the social organisation of 1789 there is no lever to uphold a failing society . Our social system of attornies and shopkeepers is in the throes of death , and if it revives , it will be because a soldier has taken its cause in hand . Cannon can alone settle the questions of our age , and it will settle - themthough it should come from Eussia !
A patriotic idea certainly—and one that makes us fear we have wronged the Terrorists of 93 by comparing if . Rotuieu to them ; for they , at least , repelled by desperate efforts that foreign invasion which be would seem to court . In every other respect , as we said , there is very little difference between their systems . Indeed , it may be remarked , that the violence , and even ferocity , of men in political and religions matters is quite independeut of the creed or party to which they may belong , and is solely the result of the individual temper or character regulating the application of their theories . M . Romieu , in
common with many other persons , seems to confound Force with Authority : —two words which are divided b y centuries . The one , a merely physical power , should bo applied to the physical world alone , where it maintains order and is itself subject to immutable laws —the other , a merely moral power , derives its being from Reason . To quote the eloquent words of M . de Lamennais , " Force is the power to constrain—Authority is the right to ordain . From the right to ordain results
the duty of obeying 5 from the power to constrain results the necessity of yielding . There iB an abyss between the two notions . Before they can be confounded our very language must be subverted—the wind which uproots an oat should be said to exercise a right , and the falling oak to fulfil a duty . .... To make Force the basis of social order is to suppose man a purely material being , inferior even to the brute , which acknowledges a higher law , for it resists Force in . obeying Instinct . "
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« e Red Spectre of 1 S 52 . By M . A , Ro-METJ . Paris . k ) ME time since wo introduced our Teadera to h Romieu as the author of a cut-throat bok , entitled the "Era of tbe Csesars . " Deslotisim with him is by no means the hypocritiil and mealy-mouthed thing which puts on a oak to save appearances and talks gently hile acting ruthlessly . He exhibits the tiger stinct without anyrosgnise , and glories in it b misgivings arise in dealing with his books , ¦ no fear of wronging Ids intentions or of
usrepresentmg his opinions . The critic is ipeded by none of those hypocritical profesons of philanthropy , which so often accomany the most inhuman systems , and which a is obli ged to take into account under pain appearing anjast . This author ' s intentions re not " excellent , though hig book is bad . " hongb . willing to chastise , he does not love is fellow creatures . He does not love even is country ; for in his eyes a nation is but a besotted gronp " of individuals . Indeed he ills ns ,
that—The French nation no longer exists . On the old ind of tl : e Gaul are to be found the disquieted rich nd the covetous poor—nothing more . The poor red up to envy , hatred , and the thirst of village re ready to ravage with their million hands every hnteau and luxurious dwelling , and to scatter ith one long shout all that appears to them an lsult . Of Reason and Progress M . Romieu still lolds the same opinions that were exposed in tis "Era of the Caesars : " denying theexis ence of both , —but adding that the very
lotion of the Litter is the germ of the moral * leprosy " which is devonring mankind . The subject of the book , as the title indicates , is he eve ntful coming year 1852 ; and the Red Jpictre is a phantom of fear conjured up > y M . Romieu in order to induce all lovers f order to become the aggressors in the social rar which he forsees . We are sorry to aye to tell M . Romieu that this plan of itriking terror into suspected adversaries s not new . It was practised some sixty years igo , by men whom he professes to hold in ablorrence;—but then it was called Terrorism .
Ve mast , however , give an idea of the manler in which M . Romieu denounces the ) eople .. Saper fiumina Babylonis .... There they stand , he proletary masses singing canticle of hatred » y the waters of Paris , on the banks of every itream of France , thirsting for the daj wkeu th&j srill take your children and throw them against the tones . The fatal hour will come , and pldhsopldsm rill have to witness the bloody spectacle for which it has erected the theatre that it is now too late to ieu-olish . In vain are the vrorn-out springs of the larliamentftry machine set to -work in order to re
store cquubnumtoall that has been so violently shaken ; the world cannot be put in motion by the eeble strings which sufficed to manoeuvre the pupjets of a drawing-room . This constitutional game f-all very well to play at between yourselves as Bonsi as the sombre masses slept that are now imprudently awakened— is no longer to the taste of fihcuew public -which is looking on . That public Kalis for the ancient circus with its lions and jits tigers ; it clams to share in the sport a 9 gladia-Itors . Ah ! you want novelty ... You shall have it ... P proclaim a coming Jacquerie , and the meaning of that forgotten-word must be well understood .
The author then proceeds to quote Mlzerai ' s descript ion of the Jacquerie , —that fearful peasant insurrection which five hundred years ago assailed the feudal system in France in the midst of its power . In the words of the historian , he tells ns how some twenty or thirty peasants having met one Sunday near Beaurais , began by chance to talk over the . affairs of the State and the hardness of the times how the enumeration of their wrongs and the miseries of war led them to accuse the apathy of the nobles who could not or wonld not drive out the English and deliver the king ; how
they worked themselves up info such a frenzy of exasperation that , seizing their scythes and pitchforks , they resolved at once to exterminate every noble : —a work which they so earnestly commenced , that within a fortni ght one hundred castles were levelled to the ground . After quoting Mezerai ' s description of the monstrous barbarities committed by the insurgent Jacques as a warning , M . Romiea transcribes the not less bloody retaliation of their lords , as an example . He evidently thinks
those were glorious days when noble kni ghts like the Captal de Bach and the Count de Fois , cased in complete armour , rode . down thousands of the unarmed rabble , — " cut them down in heaps and slaughtered them like beasts "—when whole villages were burnt with their inhabitants if these were supposed to favour the insurgents . Talk of modern repression after this ! Why , King Bomba seems a weakly , indulgent monarch compared to the many-headed feudal sovereign . Afew preachers like M . Romieu would do much towards
restoring the good old times and reviving that wholesome class-hatred so necessary to the hierarchical order of society . Unfortunately , he does not seem to be aware that force , which he is bo fond of invoking , has changed bands . There are no impregnable castles now since the Bastile was taken , —gentlemen do not vear armour , and French peasants are not unarmed : —so that , although perhaps , in spite of civilisation and progress , the first act of a Jacquerie might be got up , and a country gentleman or so be roasted alive and served up to his wife according to the recipe given by Mgzewi , it is not quite so sure that the second part
would follow as a consequence , and that his nei ghbours would he able to slaughter Beven thousand peasants in a day to avenge his memory . It might perhaps , therefore , be safer not to attempt the game at all . It certainly seems strange that the advocates of physical force should not know where it resides , —seems totall y ignorant of the displacement which it has undergone as the natural consequence of progressive social changes . Even when by chance they are made aware of it by fearful experience some odd day in July or February they forget it on the morrow : —as the follow ing passage shows : —
At the present day it is not ouly twenty or thirty peasants who " meet by chance to talk of theaffinrs of the State , " there are thousands of peasants and " workmen to whom the newspaper and the pedlar distribute every morning the poison of envy , rage , fa d execratiou—not indeed against the noble who aas ceased to be—but against the bourgeois who has succeeded him . The same horrors are in preparation , but with more ensemble and premeditation . Everywhere the watchword is given—not a tree , ^ ot a bflsb , but conceals an enemy prepared for the great social war . The first call to arms will be
repeated by a thousand echoes , and will be produced by chance . ' And then , lucky will be the cha-« au of which the stones will remain standing , * Mues 3 , indeed , our inane sooiety , which turns itself about passively on its death-bed , recalls to mind * oe means which the nobles employed against the Jacquerie , and understands that it cannot resist ** th its present arms , phrases and laws . The
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the vigour of the traveller , as well as a fed * tureor the . country , which has such an ex-* territor yand such facilities for getting At the rate of one pound sterling for every hundred miles all expenses are covered . We have said that Colouei Cunynghame has iormed a better opinion of the Americans that common visitors have promulgated ? unlike Lad y Emmeline , Mr . Abdy , and others , his conclusions have not been drawn from ^ .. !"?! ot the traveller , as weU as a fea- tUreof > -country , which has such an ex-
select society , but such company as he fell in with in steamers , railways , coaches , and hotels , or wayside houses in the far West . In matters of the table , the Colonel does not think the Americans eat more than Englishmen , or Bhow more impatience , if indeed so much—perhaps because the waiters would not readil y bear it : and he speaks favourably of more substantial qualities . His great objections are to the eternal spitting practised by everybody , and the indifference ofteu
amounting to incivility on the part of barkeepers , waiters , and railway-conductors , in the Northern States ; in the South things are better . The only instance , however , of actual rudeness Colonel Cunyngharae encountered , was in a Southern railway : yet that melted uuder a speech . About nine in the evening of the . 14 th of November , I started per rail for Philadelphia , distant ninety-nine miles . Shortly after quitting the terminua at Baltimore , I left my seat for ji few moments , to speak to the conductor , who was in an adjoining car ; but , to my surprise , on my return I found it occupied by two men : upon my
remonstrating , one ot them flew into a most violent passion , and said I might walk over his dead body to my scat . I calmly explained to him , that for such a triHe as any particular seat in a railway car , I had . «? fc i 7 Y otakehi 8 lifenor lose my own in suca an absurd eontest ; that there were plenty of vacant seats , concerning which there appeared no choice ; upon which he became as quickly pacified , and desired his companion instantly to quit his seat tor me . After a few moments' silence , turning round to me , he said , « I would have lost my life sooner than have given vip that seat : but you talked so pvetty-like , you quite conquered me . " At the tm halting-place , he was extremelv dPsi ™ ,, aT
anouid enjoy a glass of coektail at his expense ; and on my declining he appeared to have half a mind to recommence his quarrelsome behaviour : but sud-T ^« ^ - up hl 9 eoat he van'sned ^ m the car , 1 mention this circumsatance , because during mv ITniKT 10110 ^^ ^ ° - ' 000 miles *« the ! i l ^ Statcs ' part of wbieh ourney was through ShSt * ? "" ^ l * only stance in aleS ^ Slavery attracted a good deal of the traveller b attention . At first , the satisfied appearance of the generalit y of the slaves , and what he heard m society as to the discredit which
attached to their ill-treatment , or theseparaturn _ 0 [ families , disposed him to regard the institution with more lenity than subsequent experience proved that it deserved . He does not believe that ill-treatment generally takes place—perhaps not a separation of families if the owner caa help himself ; but this he cannot always do ; and in case of insolvency , death , or family changes , he is convinced that m ? iUe 3 are divided as a matter of course . The following conversation with a slave dealer teUs a good deal in connexion with the subject . The scene is on a railway running through North Carolina and Virginia .
At three p . m . we arrived at Godsborongh : we here found dinner awaiting U 8 .- . Whilst getting into the cars , I observed standing near the door of one of them , a gang , as they were termed , of Negroes . It consisted of three women and two children . In a moment the steam vessel blew a shrill blast , as the usual signal for starting , and commenced its movement . At the same time 1 observed two gentlemen at the door of the car in conversation . One appeared rather well-dressed ; the other was a short , stout , goodnaturen-looking man . The 3 e it appeared , were slave dealers . "Come , " said the dandy dealer , " I'll give you twenty-one hundred and fifty for the lot . " " Say twenty-two hundred "
, said the stout man in a huge waterproof , " and tUey are yoWTS . " "Well , done , " said the first ; " 1 hate not to do business . " " Get in , you nisgers , exclaimed both ; and the sale was completed between their white masters . These five fellow creatures were sold , nor did a compact embodying the happiness of five fellowbemgs eveu take the same time to ratify that we were employed at our repast , but actually was consummated aftev the signal had been given for the stavting of the cars , and during the time indeed that they were on the move . Seeing that these slaves were all women , I inquired where their husbands , the probable fathers of these little children .
were . No , one appeared , however , sufficiently interested to vouchsafe even a thought , much less a reply . -Both of these slave merchants now fell into a long conversation regarding their honourable employment ; but presently the one who had sold the slaves came and seated himself near to me . It being the first transaction of the kind that I had witnessed , I felt the more interested , and made immediate inquiries respecting the property he . had iuat disposed of . Great was his astonishment to perceive that I should feel any interest whatever in the matter . I Baid , by way of commencing our conversation , that 1 considered the Blavesdearat the price ho had sold them . "Oh no" said ho .
, " niggers , sir , are regulated by the price of cotton ; cottou is now high , and niggers are ris ! " lie added , that the slave merchant to whom he had sold them was a dealer from the lower Southern States ; that he would now take them to Georgia , or Alabama , and sell them for three thousand dollars " Wry , " added he , " one little girl is a mulatto , and , as you might have perceived , nearly white ; 1 purchased her only a few days since , from her father , who is a planter , and resides not far from hence . He was about to marry , and fearing a disturbance withhi 3 future wife
, he sold both his ehild and her mother . " "How do the slaves , " I inquired , . "bear this change in their masters and location ? " " Wiy" answered he , "they take on dreadfully at first ; but when they are well fed with pork , corn-bread , and molasses , they soon forget their former homes , and become reconciled to their new masters ; for in this country they are nearly starved , being fed upon nothing but fish and sweet potatoes , and many whom I have bought at the age of fourteen or fifteen did not even know the taste of meat . "
He then detailed an interesting account of his professional avocations . " Oftentimes , " said he , " the residents of the Eastern swamps own more than one hundred slaves ; they are of not much service to them ; but nevertheless they frequently can scarcely be induced to part with them : I however , " added the slave dealer , " get among them , and after a hit or two at cards , I soon make them turn some of the slaves over to mo . " " They sometimes , then , " said I , " separate families , and even the husband and wife ? " " Oh yes , certainly , " said he ; " bat a husband soon finds another wife , and the woman , if Bhe is likely , gets another husband . " "Do you olten procure light coloured slaves , " I inquired ; " and if so , are they in demand ? " " Oh yes , some nearly white , " he replied , " and occasionally very intelligent and clever . ' This was the spontaneous and voluntary account given tome of his professional proceedings by the slave dealer .
. The democratic government of the States treats its army better than the old monarchies , if the purpose of an army be kept in view . We take the following from his account of a visit to West Point ;— . West Point is the military academy of the United States ; combining the instruction imparted to young men in England at the three establishments of Sandhurst , "Woolwich , and Chatham . It is situated about eighty miles up the Hudson river , in a commanding and mo 3 t salubrious position , aDd is surrounded by aa beautiful scenery as the world cap boast of . I had a most agreeable journey on the railroad which runs on the verge of the Hudson river . On my arrival at West Point I was received
by the Commandant with great affability , aad an officer of artillery was immediately requested to show me over the college . A vast range of new buildings have lately been constructed , to which the old ones , by being pulled down , are gradually as these are completed made to give place . They are situated on a plateau or broad step , on the lofty mountain-side ; by which they are sheltered in winter , and which in summer causes a cool draught of air constantly to circulate around them . The cadet 9 were very comfortably lodged , two in each
room ; but , from the method in which they were arranged , they might more appropriately be said to possess each a small Bleeping apartment and one common sitting-room for the two . The library is a handsome edifice , and in the interior very well fitted up . It was well stored with books , and decorated with numerous trophies from the Republic at Mexico . The cadets number about 250 ; the appointments resting in the hands of the members -of Congress , who each have the opportunity of presenting about one military candidate annually .
Although the United States army is limited , yet from this source alone almost every vacancy is filled , up ; for although the President possesses the power of giving commissions , yet he yery ravels
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A Glimpse at the Great Western Republic . By Lieut .-Col . Arthur Ciotxghame . London : Bentley . Travels in the United Stales during 1849 and 1850 . By LadyEiniEUNE Sxuari "WoETiet . Tbiae Vols . London ; Bentley . Notwithstanding the vast number of books that have already been written on the United States , every addition to their number is welcome . Apart from ihe interest which every Englishman must foel in the fortunes of a nation so c \ ose \ y connected by race and language
with ourselves , there is the political interest arising out of the purely Republican institutions—the first ever fairly tried upon a large scale—and the marvellous and rapid changes of national character and fortune , which present themselves in the history of a comparatively new , but fast growing country . Besides these attractions on the subject , open to readers of all classes , tens of thousands , from various causes , are turning their eyes to the United States as their future home j and information of every kind , to them , has a practical and special value .
The two works placed at the head of this notice exhibit the states in a favourable light . Thny are both written by members of the aristocratic classes , and are therefore well calculated to neutralize the unfavourable pictures drawn by would-be-curses of manners and morals of an inferior grade , whose books are mere expansions of the play of High Life Below Stairs ; and whose notions of " gentility and manners" are vastly more refined and critical than those who have been
born to , and moved in the best circles all their lives . The stories of democratic rudeness , hasty gormandizing , and offensive habits , which constitute the staple of many books of his class , appear in their true shape , when contrasted with the testimony of two such unimpeachable witnesses as Lady Wortley , and Colonel Cunynghame . The lady is nearly unreserved in her delight and approval of everything American . She met with courtesy
everywhere , and made fast friendships . Unlike Mr . Dickens , she found beauty in the Mississippi . Unlike Miss Martineau , she was cheered by a certain patriarchal good understanding and mutual security which she found in the relations betwixt master and slave . The odd , uncouth people who threw Mrs . Trollope into fits , amused her as studies of character ; and in this strain throughout spealcs Lady Emmeline .
I like the Americans more and more : either they have improved wonderfully lately , or else the criticisms on them have been cruelly exaggerated . They are particularly courteous and obliging ; and seem , I think , amiably anxious that foreigners should carry away a favourable impression of them . As forme , let other travellers say what they please of them , I am determined not to be prejudiced , but to judge of them exactly as 1 find them ; and I shall most pertinaciously continue to praise them , ( if I see no good cause to alter my present humble opinion , ) and most especially for their obliging civility and hospitable attention to strangers , of which I have alreadv seen several instances .
As may he expected , her style is more florid than that of the colonel , and the subjects treated of not so well suited for our matter-offact columns as the topics discussed by the man of exact military training . Findmg himself at Montreal in September , 1850 , with a seven weeks leave , he resolved to employ it in a survey of the United States , from the Lakes to the Mississippi , with a little grouse shooting on the Priaries as he went along .
He proceeded to Chicago hy railways and steamers on the lakes ; had some good sport in the vicinity , though late in the season ; and then started for La Salle , a town situate at the head of the navigable waters of the Illinois , After some mote shooting there , he made an overland journey to the Mississippi ; and descended to New Orleans , Btopping two days at St . Louis . From New Orleans he proceeded to Mobile ; and thenee by coach , railway , and sea steam-boats , made his way to New York , Boston , and Montreal . He called in passing at the principal cities of the Southern States—Macon , Savannah ,
Charlestown , Eichmond in Virginia , Washington , and Philadel p hia ; changing iu fourteen day 8 from the delightful antmnn of the South to the stern winter of Canada , and throughout his j ourney making the most of his time . " During this excursion / ' says the Colonel with military precision , "I visited every State in the Union , with the exception of six , I travelled over fifty-threehundred miles of the Republic by railway , by river , and by road ; and this my long journey was accomplished in exactly "fifty-three days , and my expenses amounted to about the sum of fifty-three pounds Bterling . " . The extent and rapidity of the journey is . something in itself , bringing home to the mind
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coiieoth-elv ' ? Z » kinff a 11 bran ° lies of the service the army ?; r * Z ? m 0 CCUt < J about Mt 7 nancies in of « tud / at thi 3 coi ^ i h Sh 0 , uldth 0 usual P eriod «» ncy havini SSrSf f ^ eliip 8 ° prior t 0 a va * being engendeS S' preveafc any idle habUs difcu om to $ n ^ ° men are attnohed to they can be £ u £ . i * - suP . ernumei'Mies until c ? 4 o , lljfs ; c W - / hiIe atthe eight dollav-a-v ™ 1 ? ay 4 the 1 > ate & twenty-TEis sum 8 ah ^ f ' . esi ? e 8 rart ° ns and clothing , andas th ^ 3 pw ?/^ ** . ° their expensed s « Pport him hanlnni ffiCer J , quite Sufficient to chasi ng promotion ? y l an < 1 the 8 ystem of Potation to wSt fii Tt T > amilitary pveson - for life . The , tn r tantamount ' <> a provision ¦ wuran " , and wfntt ^ IT mm hl the s « rnnn > kDViY " , lnter ! butdurinsr the tmsnLn ! exercises ir ^^ 7 ~ rT ~~; 7 ~ colleotiroly . twl b . ranch ? i of & » serrico
on : the pkS 3 Zm f ° 1 \ ^ ide , a cam tents , sleepS" on ri ' th ? 8 tHdenta ^ ™ soldier ' s Manket ,, ? d 8 . . Redding , boyond a then instruc ted ^^ u 110 ^ them- They are throwingnn W « P * l CtlCalIy in field-iorlifloafioiw , besuTe ^ rJtS tfiS ^ T ent 3 . ofchor field-works Soroush court 8 T ? rf ln fu its brilnohes . and a making fusees fimn lab , ? rat ory *<»* . such as new of 2 » ,. « ' . n sbell s ' * c . M & <> . Thouseful-Wghly cJmrnSr - in 1 st ^ ct 10 ' 1 Cannot b ° ' too aboutto enSivi a a ^ Very ° adet who is to under ^ U y L branch of tbe service is ° M ged andSd i ' , r ^ h * tf every o «» of tbommnsl at £ 25 a , ? h ?? n 8 ld K H portion of the ^ imenta fth Xlffiiff&tf « Passion ; and in provementmEW ? ° observe some ^ "e im-S 2 SS £ eitt th 0 instruction *
Jiivffi ' v ? " ^ ' 1 " 1 ' 1 ' ^ instruction has ZZVhl V l "W » n » . that aa officer , In whathave ac erStn th ^ 7 ° eSsion he may b 8 ' musl he beiilSS kDow '? dge of all the vest ; and should h ? m hFS V itical P ° 3 ition « ik ™ 11 enilble eS ? aceai : ! anceon his own resources , ana SXw ? ? dg , ° him 6 elf 5 wherea 9 > if he theVfvTWL 1 but th 0 i ^ ediate branch of 5 ! n » " . wlucb-he serves , he must be entirely SKSoufc r h ? m pect t 0 a 11 th 0 rcst wthose
A troop of sixty horse is kept for the use of the , n& . / ° ? - / receive 9 instruction huh
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Clause A .-1 . The said brief , rescmTTi « p « loU « l f - ^ d ill ¦ . nd ejj 'STRSKSS * authority , pre-eiuinence , or title conferred or pretended to be conferred thereb y , are and shall be and be deemed unlawful and void . II . Aad be it enacted , that if , after the passing of this act , any person , other than a person there , unto authorised by law in respect of an archbishopric , bishopric , or deanery of the united church of England and Ireland assume or use the name , style , or title of archbishop , bishop , or dean of any city , town , or place , or of any territory or district . ( underan 5 ^ nation or description whatsoever ) Clause A . -I . The said hZT 3 r ==::::=:
... TT ; w the United Kingdom , whether such city , town or place , or snch territory or district , be or be not ™ J , SL | ° v , inCe ' or C 0 ' « ensWe with the pKmnce of any archbishop , or the see or the diocese co-extensive with the diocese , of any bishop , ortheseac or place of the church of any united , " fT WUh aDy deaner r « of the » W united church , the person so offendinz shall for ZZT 7 > f f feit and w SifuiS ' oS hundred pounds , to be recovered as penalties im fioi- ^ Cited ( aCtmay be recSd ndt vne provisions . thereof .
apply "S thf TilU flCt sha 11 not « or SS ?*^^ respect of such district or place ; but nothimr herein contained shall be taken to give any 2 7 * 7 ' , ° P tOammew "" any 2 i t e
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ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . Jfte ^ u * , PP aratus at this Institution , contributed by manufacturers from all parts of the country , con ^ . st chiefl y of a number of contrivances for applying Gas a 8 a fuel for heating m ™ ™™ £ ^ rlnarP-ATnn ^ F ' ^ PP ««« S Sufficient to prepare d banquet for a prince , to the Bteak of the solitary bachelor are among the most prominent of h « a / K exhl . blt ( i - The great reduction which has taken p ace m the cost of Gas , renders its appli . cation to culmary purposes within the reach of a , and the cleanliness which attends its uso , willrecom-S £ & !! j "" Sf desire t 0 S « d of the aches , smoke , and other annoyances , which now too frequently attend upon the use of coal fire . Besides the application , * Gas to cooking , the exhibitionpresenS many novelties „ the shape of stoves for warming apartments . The luxury of a warm bath mav fc »; .,.
dulged in , at a small o . st both of labour and material , by using Gas asthe heating medium . For chemical and mauufaetunng purposes its advantages are displaya 1 by means of several pieces of well-contrivGd apparatus , applicable alike to the wants of the experimentalist or manufacturer . The tailor , the laundress , and the hair dresser , are also provided with the means of obtaining heat in a manner smted to their various requirements ; in fact there is no process requiring artificial heat to which Us may not be applicable . The most approved modes or measuring a burning Gas are also illustrated , by means of meters of various forms and construction and an assortment of burners suited to all purposes . The use of Gas as a ventilating medium , forms a conspicuous . featurein . the : . exhibition , the experiments connected wiiu its application for thispurpose deserve the attention of all who desire to breathe in a wholesome atmosphere . Many other kinds of highly interesting and useful apparatus can also be inspected daily at this establishment .
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LTCi : mt .-A . new farce by Mr . Pal grave Simpson , was producedat this theatre on Tuesday night , which acted with great spirit b y Mr . Charles Mathews ! Mr . R . Roxby , and Miss Oliver , met with complete success . . r OLYMFic .-On Monday night Mr . T . Taylor ' s dramatic version of the Vicar of Wake fidd was played for the first time at this house , and attracted a larger audience than has been assembled for some time I he cast , with the exception , of course , of the late Mrs . blover , is precisely the same as on the occasion pt its original productiou at the New Strand , where it was one of the most successful pieces . Punch ' s PLAtHorat-A slight farce , called A tlteap Excursion , was produced on Monday nieht . Mr . Snobbs ( Mr . Tilbury ) and his wife ( Mrs . Seymour ) taue a cheap trip into the country , where th « are first made jealous of each other by the predictions of a Gipsy , then ave forced to exchange earments
wun some marauding vagabonds , and finally are assarted as poachers , but are rescued by their own servant and her sweetheart , a policeman , who have h ™ e 2 a , j - Hd 8 y ' ? s 3 ed in tlle olothBB of the master and mistress . The jokes , though not successful ' ' aDd the pieco ^ perfec " Surrey Gardens .-M . Jullien has been engage d by the spirited proprietor of these gardens , and he in company with his excellent band , which includes SUCh artists aa LazaruB , Jarrett , Collinet , and others commenced on Monday night a series of al fresco concerts . Notwithstanding the dampness of the weather , the attendance of visitors was considerable . Ihe renowned cfief d ' orchestre was received with great acclamation , and he conducted with his usual brilliancy and eclat a round of the quadrilles , waltzes , and the like , which ke has made so popular , ihe breworks which followed the concert were as copious as they were beautiful ; and quite equal to anything of the kind which we remember to have
seen . . ¦ Crbmornb GABDBNS . —In spite of a somewhat chilly atmosphere , the attendance here on Monday night , oeing the first of the season , was both numerous and select . Visitors will be agreeably surprised by the great improvements that have been effected , especially as regards the accommodation for dancers . The monstre platform is a novelty truly deserving not only of approbation , but admiration . The theatre has been re-decorated in an extremely tasteful style , and the performances are in some respects superior to what we have witnessed at other places of entertainment where the price of admission is much higher . The brilliant manner in which the gardens are lighted and the taste displayed is scarcely to be surpassed by any other establishment . Amon ? a variety of attractions the tableaux ^ iuaneu may be mentioned as of a very superior order
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ECCLESIASTICAL TITLES ASSUMPTION BILL . A hill ( as amended by the committee ) to prevent the assumption of certain ecclesiastical titles in re . pect of places in the United Kingdom . ( The clauses marked A and B were added by the committee . ) Whereas divers of her Majesty ' s Roman Catho . lie subjects have assumed to themselves the titles of archbishop and bishops of a pretended province , and of pretended sees or dioceses , ¦ wi thin the United Kingdom , under colour of an alleged authority given to them for that purpose by a certain brief 1 IA 1 IAHI m 1 . I I . .. «« * ' w
*^ ^ —^ *** . ^ * rescript , or letters apostolical from the see of Rome , purporting to have been given at Rome , on the 29 th of September , 1850 ; and whereas , by the act of the tenth year , of King George IV ., cap 1 after reciting that the pretestant episcopal church of England and -Ireland , and the doctrine , discipline , and government thereof , and likewise the Protestant presbyterian church of Scotland , and the doctrine , disci pline , imd government thereof , were by , the respective acts ol union of England and Scotland , and of Great Britain and Ireland , established permanently and inviolably , and that the ti ght and title o % archbishops to their respective provinces of bishops to their seesand of
, , deans to their deaneries , as well in England as in Ireland , had been settled and established by law , it was enacted that if any person after the com . mencement of that act , other than the person thereunto authorised bylaw , should assume or use the name , style , or title of archbishop of any province , bishop of any bishopric , er dean of any deanery , in England or Ireland , he should for every such offence forfeit and pay the sura of one hundred pounds . And whereas it may be doubted whether the recited enactment extends to the assumption of the title of archbishop or bishop of a pretended province or diocese , or archbishop 01
bishop of a city , place , or territory , or dean of any pretended deanery in England or Ireland , not being the see , province , or diocese of any archbishop or bishop or deanery of any dean recognised by law ; but the attempt to establish , under colour of authority from the see of Rome ot othetvme bucW pretended sees , provinces , or dioceses or deaneries is illegal and void . And whereas it is expedient to prohibit the assumption of such titles in respect of any- placeB wiihin the United Kingdom . Be it therefore declared and enacted by the Qneen ' s most excellent majesty , by and with the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal , aud commons , in this present parliament assembled , and bj fte authority ia the Bame , that—
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s 4 Se b ; Z he full-bIOffa flower * of *?* . outcry !?* , !? worn-out sliosslike children with * RnMPv , Be P U 8 e they are Woff '«'"• of French fil £ V rlSda that tUo ladies ^ W once asked , 'S " ? ' 7 W « h churchman was Hi M ± ^! S » rjir meet together e tw 0 thln S 9 , and seldom bundie . « No sir they w'SoSftJSS . ^ be ?^ £ atll tbr 0 Ush UM * ** * ***
Mrs . Pahtisgtos saya it is a CUiioUS provision of nature that bens never lay when eggs are dear and always beyin when they are cheap . ' As Old Maid , —A lady who has attained the age ? of twenty-four or five , without having married a fool , a knave , a gimbler , or a drunkard . Fi'ATTijny . —The heart , has no avenue so open as that of flattery ; which , liko some enchantment , lay g all Us t-uard * asleep . Selfishness contracts and narrows our benevolence , and causes us , like serpents , to enfold ourselves win mi ourselves , and to turn our stings to all the world besides .
An Irish witness was recently asked , at one of trie uomity Courts , what he knew of the prisoner ' s character for truth and veracity ? ¦ ' Why in troth . E& '^ &'S ™*"'* ' *** ^ . wpj ^ vwar a most nourishing and healthy diet . Even in knowled ge the most useful is the easiest M , S fiai'ssws ^ casethat - "i a « St pQ ? , . 7 P <> Pe ' a Smg on Han was th ! 1 S"CCesS n ? ° , "Essay on Woman , " -or l . dv ? nS . # S lh aU £ " pt t 0 ^ eigle a young lady nto the "Lodge at Taunton , " has proved del cidedl y a railure . —i'ttiic / j .
» . ? , ^ , 1 ISS Cl ' , !? 8 ^ eman the other evening , " why are ladies so fond ot officers ?" --How stupid ! " replied Miss C . ; "is it not per * rectly natural and proper that a kdy bUouW like a good offer sir ? HoNKSTv . -What a praise is it to honesty that every man pretends to it , even at the instant that hfi raeana to be a knave . From the census returns it appears that the population of Bu-mingltam is now 232 . G 31 , bein" an increase in ten years of 47 , 740 . ° Forded NoiES .-The public are cautioned that forged Aa Bank notes are in circulation . The imitation is very good , but the water mark has only the word " Bank , " instead of the words "Bankof '
Eng-The Hair .-You rarely , if ever , see a politician with smooth bair-a great scholar with fine hair-art artist with red hair-a fop with coarse hair-a minister with long hair , or an editor whose hair is carefully adjusted . The Census . —A housekeeper in a village between Stamford and Uppingham , in filling up his schedule , under the column headed " Where born , " described one of his children 09 born "in the parlour , " and the other " up stairs . " Acc omplishments . — Working mivacles with worsteds—such as brown rivers , with orange-Coloured shores . Or yellow Daniels sleeping among green lions with sapphire-coloured tails-is one of " the modem accumpl ' tshments of young ladies !
A Lunatic . — " What are you about V inquired a lunatic of a cook , who was industriously stripping theteathers from a fowl . "Dressing a ' chicken , '' answered the cook . " 1 should call that widressing , " said the crazy chap in reply , The cook looked reflective . Gaming . — " It is making my friends a very ill compliment , siiys a certain great man , "toaupposa they wish to be possessed of what belongs 10 me ; and I should be very unworthy , if I desired to make myself a title to what is theirs . " April , May , and Junu . — "May , coquettish , sometimes pettish , smiling often through her tears ; in rotation , yields her sta'ion , and tbe welcomo June appears . Gentle , smiling , care beguiling , with a roso bud in her hair—April foolish—May is coolish-June warm-hearted is and fair . "
LIKES BY A POET OF NATURE . Of all tlio birds that cleave the air , the goose must be preferr'd ; He has so much of nourishment , has that strongminded bird . Teeth of Animals . —When rabbits , squirrels , and various other gnawing animals , are fed on soft meats , their teeth sometimes grow so long and crooked as to pmcirt them from taWng 5 ood ; and instances have occurred , in which to preserve life ifc became necessary to break off or extract the teetb . " Beitrr than None "—It may be saiu conerallv
of husbands , as the woman said of hers , who had abused tier , to an old maid who reproached her foe marrying him— " To be sure , he ia not so good a husband as ho ought to be , bui he is a powerful si « ht better than none . A Pbkcious Offer . —A late writer wishes to know what more precious offering can be laid upon the altar of a man ' s heart than the first love of a pure , earnest , and affectionate girl , with an undivided interest in eight thousand three per cents , and fourteen three-story houses ? We give it up . We know of nothing half so touching , or , in other words , anything that most people would Sooner touch .
Niagara .-An honest Hibernian had come far to see Niagara ; and while lie gazed upon it , a friend asked him if it was not the must wouderlul thh >» he had ever seen , to which he replied— " Never a \ it > maD , never a bit . Sure , it ' s no wonder at all thafc tlie wather should fall down there , for I'd like to know what could hintber it ; but it ' s mighty nuare though , 1 m thinking , how the mischief it ever got up . ° Remedy * on Deafness . —Cleanse the ear out thoroughly by means of a pledget of lint or cotton and warm water ; afterwards soak a piece of cotton in some Glycerine , which insert in the ear . Aftec one or two applications the hearing will be restored . Glycerine is tbe sugar of oil . Mr . Tliorcas Wakley , in a Treatise on Deafness , recently published , says ' that this method is adopted with great success at the Royal Free Hospital , Gray ' s Iun Road .
The May Meetings . —A number of flies are engaged to carry the religious gentry in the suburbs to Exeter Hall , during the May meetings ; and it iff they who are celebrated for overcrowding the vehicles . " Bless you ! " said one man , " them folks nevet think there can be too many behind a boss—six is nothing for them , and it is them who ia the meanest of all to the coachman , for he never , by no chance receives a glass at their door . " Violets are spring ' s favorite messengers ; she erabalms them with the mingled essence of all the flowers she intends to give us during her reign ; she sets them on banks , that they may be seen and not trodden down . They are the humblest of earth ' s children , and yet the sweetest ; for flowers remind us o £ the earth without its grossness .
Courtiers . —L'ird Delamar , speaking of his children becoming courtiers , says , '' Nothing but the pure profit can induce a man of a generous and a noble spirit to accept of a place at court . For though princes should be examples of piety , as well ns administers of justice , yet there is so much looseness and disorder in their families , that a man who lives there must be well fortified with religion and morality , or he will be in danger of losing his integrity . " Benjamin Fraxklin . —Doctor Franklin had foe
some time adhered to a diet purel y vegetable ' , bu . 6 in the course of a voyage he had taken from Boston to Philadelphia , some cod were caught , which were dressed on board , the flavour of which seemed so delicious , that he broke through his vegetable system , and ever after continued to eat like the re 3 t of mankind , recurring only occasionally to Wa ¦ vegetable plan . Some small fish had been found in the belly of the cod , which led him to reason thus : — " ] f you eat one another , I see no reason why I should not eat you . "' ' ¦
How to Manotmjtbws a . " Miracle . '—Takean oil painting of a wounded man , cover tbe back of the canvass with pitch , cut out a portion of the latter immediately behind the part depicted as a wound , pierce the canvass on that part with several stabs of a cooler ' s awl , from back to front , place in the opening made by the removed pitch a piece of spong saturated with blood thinned with water , cover the openine with a plug of pitch ; the application of a hot iron removing the appearance of a seam round the plug . The " Miracle " may now be worked by gentle pressure either from behind or in front of the pictured wound , which , squeezing the sponge , cause * tha bloody liquid to ^ xude through theholestnad e b y tha cobler s awl , and tncklegout in the most natural and » " ! X < " ™ M <> theedftcaUon of all beholder * .
aiw « , T * ¦ « caPaUle of bting produced by n £ l " 8 ' "i ? ? ^ « Principle . The ap . with ol ° f 8 WhUe ^ "Mtf to the " wound , and "SflECSKi a 88 i&t ia - establUMtt 8 the . A BoTitB CosjDREit . —An Irish gentleman , sojourning at a dashing hotel , felt much annoyed at the smallness of the bottles , considering the high P . icep £ wine . Une evei . ing , taking his glass with a friend ia tne cottee room , the pompous owner came in , when the gentleman , after apologising , told him he and his friend had laid a wager , which he mu 6 t decide , fay telling him what profession he was bretl to . -Mine host , after some hesitation at the question , answered that he was bred to the law . " Then , " said the gentleman , " I have lost , for I laid that you werpjred a packer . " " A packer , sir I" said the ho 8 M ? $ TW * 3 % like a turkey cock ; " what could MWiSrA think I was bred a packer ? " "WjfilffiS ^ J other , " I judged so from your wine flfflyU ^ J thought no one but a ^«^«^ ? W ^^^ ofwineiatoai » ne bottle . " r ^ f ^ $ 1 %
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FATHER QAY AZZl . ON Mm ^ LAIt CONEEbblON . —Part II . si J 5 ? " !! i ° - ^ " ^ es on the confesaional , which he antici pated would oecupymany successive discourses , so abundant were the mate , rials and so important the topic , before resuming his argument he would dwell on the advantages which truth ever found in fearless scrutiny , while the blind , votary of established delusions huesed his chains involuntary debasement . The slightest effort at inquiry would dissi pate tht charm that hung oyer the fascinated victimand hence it
, was perfectly intelligible wh y the terrors of the Roman church were held out to affright the doubter and to stifle investigation . The groundwork of human Absolution was perfectl y untenable , but the claim to receive a preliminary avowal of guilt in all its details from a fellow-mortal and a fellow-sinner was still more preposterous , and would bear the test neither of reason nor of scripture , nor even of patristic authority .. To the student of church history the thing was a palpable and impudent innovation . He once more launched into ecclesiastical antiquity , and plunged ^ into the depths of this controversy .
To detail these canonical citations not being within the scope of a newspaper , it will suffice to say that the frequent indications of loud concurrence on the part of his auditory ( as numerous as ever , ) testified to the impression his proofs and inferences madeashewenton . It was reserved for that dark era of the world ' s intellectual slavery when the Popedom , in the person of Innocent III . ' , * roa on the necks of Kings and trampled all human authority with super-human arrogance , to make this audacious attempt on the deep snbserviencv of fear-stricken mankind . It was at the very first dawn of . freedom in these islands , while the barons were extorting your Magna Charta fro m the reluctant aud priest-ridden John , that another Charter in
an opposite sense , and with a tremendously couuteracting tendency , was imposed b y Innocent on trembling Christendom , and forcibly thrust on the acceptance of such bishopB as that pontiff held under his notorious and indisputable control in the . Lateran Church at Rome ( a . d . 1215 . ) While in England it vm proclaimed at Runnyraede that " omnis liber homo , " &c , &c , at Rome it was then first enacted by a canon of council , that " omnis utriusque&emsconfiteatiirpeccala sua sacerdoti . " Arrived at this point of its first penal and enforced establishment , the speaker went into what might appear a digression , but the episode had a verv
perceptible bearing on the question at issue , viz , whether it were competent in any number of church functionaries to introduce under pain of sin an arrangement of this character , or to bar all participation in the great atoning sacrifice of Christ , save ana except under conditi ons of this nature . He alluded to a belief in wha $ was called the " immaculate conception" of the Virgin which the present incumbent of tbe Roman bishopric had series thoughts of rendering imperitive on all under penalty of exclusion from any share in man ' s redemption . Had he Buch power ? It waa attempted at Trent . and referred to an accommodating
committee , who reported favourably , but a vigorous opposition having manifested itself within the assembly , tbe project was withdrawn . Now , all antiquity was against this long unheard-of doctrine , which went to invalidate the mystery of the incarnation altogether , and the name ' of Thomas Aquinas was in the van of those who opposed it on principle ; yet according to the same theory which wonld render man ' s eternal salvation dependent on the performance of every successive human condition , originating either in tyranny or fanaticism , it would follow that although up to 1215 Heaven was attainable without the confessional ( hut not since that epoch ) , up to 1851 the gates of Paradise are still
open to those who disbelieve in this " conception , " but shortly it may be otherwise determined , and a supplemental article be added to the symbol of Christianity . The Apostles' creed recites a belief in the " remission of sins ; " the great Nicean standard of faith developes that article into an acknow . ledginent of " one baptism for the remission of sins , " clearly establishing one only ceremonial formula to which that remission attaches . It was reserved for Trent to invent what it terms in opposition to the " one , " & " second plank after shipwreck , " to the exclusive instrumentality of which as a life-buoy it confines the struggling efforts of drowning humanity .
Dismissing the records of early C 9 uncils , the speaker next addressed himself to the primitive fathers and writers of the church . He alluded to the epistles of Clement , Tertullian " De Peenitentia , " Cyprian"DeLapsis , " andOrigen " on Leviticus , " from whom the usually quoted passages were sifted with much critical sagacity , and their utter irrelevance as to the auricular process in its present form vigorously demonstrated . Coming to the casuists who had , undertaken to elucidate the theory as well as practice of the confessional , he arrayed them in a variety of conflicting statements one against the
other . Duns Scotus , Suazez , Vega Cajetan , Paludanus , held irreconcilable opinions : some deemed a confession tendered ia writing valid , which others denied , and required oral enunciation . Some found a divine right for the bond of secrecy , which otherB repudiated , fle next referred to the " sacramental " words UBed by the confessor in the Latin cfcureb , which were admitted to have undergone a serious and significant change . " Beus te aholvat , " which was the undoubted original form , had become , no one knew how or when , " Ego te absolvo , " with the precautionary clause , however , " in quantum possum , " which was an unconscious remnant of
misgiving on the part of the performer as to the efficacy of his spell . The Greek church had kept in her liturgy the simple and unassuming prayer for God ' s forgiveness on such occasions , and thus bore witness to the alteration made by her western sister at a period jubsequent to their parting company . Entering into the merits of the quest ton , on the BCOre of analogy , he pointed out the inconsistency of Christ ' s declaration against tbe ceremonial burdens and Pharisaic trammels of the old law , from which he professed to deliver his followers with the imposition of this most onerous of all Pharisaic requirements , ayokemore crushing and intolerable than any Judaic observance in the whole of Leviticus , and , ia conclusion , he narrated . at some length from the annals of Gozimenes and all concurrent church
historians the notorious occurrence at Constantinople under the reign of TbeodoBius , when , in consequence of a noble matron having taken the opportunity of denouncing the conduct of a certain deacon , by confessing publicly his criminal intercourse with herself , before the assembled faith * ( ul , the Greek Patriarch , Nectarius , the immediate predecessor of Chrysostom in that see , abolished public confession altogether , and left it optional to make tbe bishop alone the depositary of secret offences , or be silent on such matters altogether Such was the discipline which , during the half century that Patriarch governed the eastern church prevailed up to A d . 382 . The famous criteriuin of Vincent Lennensis quod semper , quod vbipiwt ere . dihm est , is totally inapplicable to the cohfeasioaat
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May 24 ' 1851 - ' THE NORT HERN btip ~~ ~~~ ' _____ J , „ o 7- ' " ¦ - ^ " ^ - "' - " ——— 3 - SS ^ ! " ¦¦
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 24, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1627/page/3/
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