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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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^ Tine Commas , the week has been a busy a mnewhat varied one , and the announce-^ nt that it will sit on Saturdays in future , ® c that the -wind-up of the SeBBion ap-* rfl « »» Baid tllat U Vm Cl 086 iU *»« FT from this time . "We have alluded to Ihe defeat of the Government on the Ballot in other article . On the same night they were wen bv a similar majority ( thirty ) , but in a it
uch larger House , on . Lord , Urosvbnok ' s Mil for the . Repeal of the Tax on Attorneys . irhe lawers and the Government had muatoed a House of 300 members , and the defeat of the Government on this question was immediately afterwards followed by that on Mr . BEEKE tET ' s motion . It seems to be a joke v hich the Government of Lord J . Russell like Immensely . They are like Maworm— They
jjfce to be despised ; ' and are introducing , if pot a new theory , at all events a new practice c [ government in this country , which is anything but favourable to Parliamentary precedent and constitutional usage . Heretofore , vhen Ministers were beaten , it was held to indicate the want of agreement and confidence between themselves and the majority ; and as the majority are understood to have the legitimate rig ht to the reins of power , the jninority made way for them . 'We have changed all that . ' Majorities wish to show t heir numbers , not to incur responsibility ; and minorities contentedly pocket defeats and salaries at the same time .
The House Tax , in the exceedingly objectionable form proposed by Sir Charles " ^ Tood , will pass into a law . ^ Numerous and most reasonable amendments were resisted by Jiim with the dogged obstinacy which is Mb peculiar characteristic whenever he feels that be is hopelessly in the wrong . One argument , Jiowever , it has been very amusing to hear from him , in opposition to a motion of Mr , Duscombe ' s , that the non-payment of the
tax should not disfranchise persons otherwise cu&li&ed . What do you think the Whig Chaxcellok replied ?— ' Tiafc he had always been an advocate of the principle of the constitution , that taxation and representation ahonld go together ; and , therefore , it was reasonable a man should pay his taxes before fce voted . ' Oh J Sir ChjlHLES , howwrald you ? "Will you . next year » ac ^ H P ° T " declared opinions , if we ask you to make * taxation aad representation go together ?'
An important question , with respect 4 o the yepTodTOtiTO CToptoynreai of pauper labenr in Ireland , haH also beenmooted during the week , to which we have not space to do justice at present , Mr . Scca . LT , who istroduced it , deserves credit for having brought forward the only practical measure for the immediate evils of Ireland that has been produced during the Session ; and the Irish Members « reequally entitled to credit for the support i ^ iey gave him . Ab to the balder dash spouted by Mr . J ames WlLSOS , that lucky hack of the Treatury , it is not worth refutation . It was neither
true in the abstract nor in fact , and if it had been , was not , in the most remote degree , app licable to the question . One assertion we thought had been so often refuted , when made by other Bnscrupulons Political Economists , that we should never hear it again . He-asserted that the Pauper Colonies had failed in Holland ; whereas , thevery-contraryisthefact , as statisticalMr . WjLSONmaycenvincehimself guy day by sending to the Sbcbeiaby of the society at the Hague . If not disposed-to take that trouble , he will find in recent numbers-of Chambera ' s -Journal' an account of the
present ' condition of these colonies , evidently written by one who has no iavonrable leaning towards them , but which proves -they are tire opposite of failures . Political Economy prevailed in the Houbb however , and the ratepayers of Ireland are doomed te continue the not very rational and still lesB profitable system of spending hundreds of thousands of pounds sterling without making any attempt to torn it to use . . They might almost as well sink their mosey in the Atlantic . But that is government and -Statesmanship now-a-daya . When we take nn&Bccessfhl tradesmen—make them Government
Undersecretaries— set them up as eeoaomical oracles , and demsod that we shall obey the law they lay down , we much fear that the national will fare oe better than the individual business did . But their ' statistics / ' averages , ' and ' genera ! propositions , ' ar-e so business-like—so practical—so philosophicalto imposing—who can resist the dealer in . such wares , even though he does bring US to bankruptcy , or compel us to squander our money like fools !
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CONTINENTAL POLITICS
Even the * Times' cannot stomach the last freak of its despotic proteges , and is obliged to cry oat , ' This is too bad ! ' It is like Fraskensteis , afraid of its own monster Russia and Austria have been so long encour aged by it iu t&eir wildest exeesses , Prussia bo snubbed , whenever it showed the slightest leaning towards Liberalism or Constitutional Government , that we are not surprised they have at last been deceived into taking the step which , excites the disapprobation of 'the leading journal . * It was the only consistent policy they could pursue if their premises and those of the Times' are correct It appears that the result of the reeent Conferences of the
Gzab , the EMPBROB of Acstbia and the King ¦ fFHOSBiA , has been an alliance , offensive and defensive against all Constitutional Government Count Nesselrode has instructed the Russian envoys at the Courts of Borne , Naples , and Florence , to inform the Governments to which they are accredited , that the three Northern Powera have agreed to place at the disposal of those Governments all the assistance they may require for the suppression of ' revolutionary ' movements . This is neither more nor less than a huge armed conspira cy against the rights of nations , and the
first step towards a barbarous domination by hmte force and the sword . The hireling troops of these Northern marauders will soon , if they have their own way , be quartered throughout the whole of the Continent , to maintain the dominion of foreign despots , or Of their native took . Axei gn of terror , inch as has never yet been heard of will be commenced , and liberty of thought , speech , pr inting , and action , will be trampled down in all nations , under the feet of hordes of savage Cossacks , unless this mongtrong outrage upon « e law of nations is resisted , as it ought to M , at the beginning .
Who can resist it ? England and France ? Jill the Utter asiast us 1 If it depended on Jue LegitiiaiBtsandtheOrleanistsi No . But ^ rtunatel y they are powerless for evil . The ^ porfc of the Committee on revision , drawn * Pty it . TOCQTJEVUXE , is proof demonstrate that the Republic is paramount in France * he Constitution , if revised at all , will be w 111 accordance with the law prescribed for that l ^ Twse , and by a Constituent Assembly
speciall y convoked . We have no fear , therefc i whatever else may betide , that France wll throw its great influence into the scale of flespoti sm ; and if the Northern Powers comm ence a war of aggreBsion upon Repnblican **}> let them beware that the tide is not * wled back into their own dominions ; they * J" } best how strongly and affectionately UMar subjects are attached to them , and how **< % they will rally round them to protect Jjem against ' revolutionary movements . '
* e mutual confidence that subsists between *« em and those they tyrannise over is seen in . WHnense armaments which press like an j ^ bBE upon the wh ole of the continent , in ^ forcible suppression of public opinion in J ^ S shape , and especially through the me-^ of the preBs . Past experience has no j ^ st on these Royal and Imperial madmen . * ™ e goetb before destruction , and a naughty
spirit before a fall . Verily , they will have their reward !
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MONIES RECEIVED Job tbb "Wbbk Ending Thuhsdat , July IOih , 1851 . THE HONESTY FUND . EECQVED BI W . KIDEB , £ S . d . FrnmTalslev—Glenfield , per James Carrie .. 0 15 0 Morgan ' s Printworks , per Robert Elliot .. 0 7 6 Seedhilis , per John Nixon .. .. 0 3 0 SeedniU ' s Factory , per R . lfixoa .. 0 * 2 A few Friends , per W . Waddle .. 0 3 6 Seilson ' s Printers , per I . Smith .. 0 12 P Cameron .. .. .. 010 W . Campbell ,. .. .. 010 K . M'Ghie .. .. .. 010 A . Bnchannan .. .. 0 10 A . Robertson .. .. .. 010 J . Killoch .. .. .. 010 A . Paul .. .. .. 010 J . Waddle .. -. .. 016 W . Cameron .. .. .. 0 o e A . Park .. " .. 0 0 6 A . M- Leoa .. ., .. 006 W . Marshall .. .. .. 006 R . F . Smith .. - .. 006 Nottingham , Mr . Mellars , per Mr . Sweet ,, 0 0 3 £ 2 5 7
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WINDING-HP OF THE LAND COMPANY . RECEIVED BT W . EIDER . £ s . d . From Paisley—J . Waddle .. .. 0 10 J . Deoald ., ., .. 010 London , R . Hanson ,, . ¦ 0 7 0 _ £ 0 _ EQUITY FUND . Ashton-tmder-Lyne , per W . Altken , 0 15 19
NATIONAL CHARTER FUND . Received by W . Rideb . — G . Wilson , AHoa 3 d .-- —Recewed by J « hh Abkott . — Exeter , per J . Sandtora 108—Greenwfca locality , per D . P . Foxwell 7 s 7 d-Cneltenham , per E . Sharland 5 s 6 d—NewcasUe-upon-Tyne ^ per A . il'Zeod 5 s lOd—Arbroath , T . Campbell ' s book * s lOJd—Ditto , 4 . Y . Fairweathcr ' s subscription Is lid -Edinburgh , per w . Pringle 18 s—Iiamtoeth locality , per B . MileB 3 b . — Total £ 2 lls lid . MONUMENT FUND . . Received by John . Aksott—Alister , Edinburgh Is—O « TSsswa , Cbeltetiham'Sd .
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PACTS AND INCIDENTS OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION . The receipts at the Crystal Palace on Saturday amounted to £ 1 , 565 153 ., and the * iimber 3 enterins the building were 11 , 747 , During the last few days nearly 360 of the most deserving boys and girls in the Jews' Free School , SpitalfieWs , were by the liberality of the patrons of that institution enabled to visit the Crystal Palace . On Monday by a sadden rebound the number Of
visitors to the Crystal Palace rose once more to 61 , 670 , and the receipts at the doors amounted to £ 2 , 832 2 a . For the first time since the opening the sale of season tickets presents a perfect blank . Among the crowds that thronged the interior were about 580 menand boys in the employ cf Messrs . Clowes , the extensive printers and part < coirfcraotor 8 for the official catalogue . Mr . Gladstone treated fifty of bis poor fellow-parishioners to ^ a Tiew of the interior , and , with a kindness which the public will appreciate , accompanied them in their
survey . On Tuesday the receipts at the doors tOBO to £ 3 , 109 -5 s . —except on imo days the largest amount that has yet been taken ia shillings . According to the police returns 65 ; 962 persons entered the building , and at two o ' clock , when the interior was most crowded , the scene presented was certainly one of a most remarkable and-interesting character . On Wednesday the number of visitors amounted to 58 , 055 , and the total receipts to £ 2 ' JR 8 14 s . Notwithstanding -the unfavourable state of the weather on Thursday , 61 , 492 persons visited the Crystal Palace , and the large amount cf £ 2 , 958 was takes At the doors .
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IP HER MAJESTY'S VISIT TO THE € ITY . Her Majesty and Frince Albert on Wednesday night honoured with their presence the grand entertaiament given by the Lord Mayor -and corporation of the City of London , in the 'QuildhalJ , in celebration of the Great Exhibition of fee Industry of all Nations . The transparencies were " few and far between "—and -the initials "T . A . " and "V . II . " shone resplendent on the establishments of those tradesmen who announce that £ hey are her Majesty ' s shoemakers , sadlers , &o ., by appointment . 25 , 000 ligbta were used ia illuminating Temple Bar . The -royal carriage was preceded by carriages containing the royal servants . Among these were the grooms in waiting , the gold and silver stacks , the bedchamber woman , and the lady of
the bedchamber , the master of the bnckbennds and the master of the horse . The proeeisiOA \ TftB attend ^ bf Horse Guards and police , and thanks to the Exhibition , 'several thousands ' of country cousin ! joined the cockney -throng , who , by their eager and curious looks , appealed as though ( they expected to see a real lire Lion and Unicorn , instead of her Majesty ' s arms , but , like viewing the Boh-inoor diamond , their expectations were disappointed . Her Majesty wore a white « atin dress embroidered in gold , trimmed with gold , silver , and white satin ribands , and richly ornamented with diamonds . The head dress was composed of poppies , golden 6 * t and wheat ears ornamented with diamonds . Bis Royal Highness Prince Albert wore his uniform as Captain-General and Colonel of the Hob .
Artillery Company , with the ensigns of the Order of the Garter and the Golden Fleece « et in diamonds . The civic authorities outdid themselves in the luxuries of the table .. The peacock fall-feathered , aad with all the glories of his shining plumage , and re * tplendent tail—the hurt de tanyiUr , fresh from the Forest of Ardennes , with the ancient couplet so familiar to all our Oxford men , made pleasant companionship with boudin de . oU grcu awt trttffet , a&d chapont a la Pompadour . Dummies in anuQUT holding lights which flickered from their spearbeads , lent a romantic character to the scene , A few cheers were given . Several persons were thrown down and trampelled upon , and the police used their truncheons effectively to quell the eshuberanfc loyalty of some of the eight-Beers *
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CESTRAL CHIMBSAL COURT . ( Continued from cur Seventh page . ) Thb Rosbeby jit thk IiOsdon jusd Webuhhstkb Bank . — W . Canty , 69 , labourer , andJi Tyler , 62 , carver , pleaded guilty to a charge of stealing a cash-box and two £ 5 bank notes , the property of fcbe London and Westminister Bank . Tyler also pleaded guilty to having been before convicted of felony . —The prisoner Cauty was then charged , npon a second indictment ^ with stealing a cash-box containing forty sovereigns and other coins . Mr . O'Brien said he did not keorr what course waa
intended to be takes with regard to the second charge , after the plea of guilt in the former charge ; but , if it were ietended to go on with it , he should have to apply to the court to postpone the trial to the next session . Mr . Justice Wghtman said he could not entertain the application at present . He would look over the depositions , and consider what sentence ought to be pronounced . MiNSUUQHtKB . —WilliamEastwood , 41 , labourer , was indicted for the wilful murder of his wife , Elizabeth Eastwood , by stabbing her with a knife . The jury returned a verdict of Guilty , . and the prisoner was sentenced to be transported for life .
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• IaIeST FOREIGN NEWS . FRANCE . Park . — The Gounoil of State has decided that in case the President should provoke th * overthrow of Article 45 of the Constitution , he would be aeoused of high treason . General Fabvier gave notice on Wednesday of a motion for the election of a Constituent Assembly by universal suffrage , in case f he revision should be voted . ¦¦ ¦¦ > . M . da laboulie has been appointed reporter on the departmental , province of the Municipal Bill .
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Luck Auoho Bricks . —At the demolition of some old houses in Lyons one of the labourers found a piece of old metal wedged in between two course * of masonary . Having gone with his discovery to some vendor of marine Btotes , the sum of two francs was given for it , as it seemed to be very good copper indeed . But , on nearer inquiry , the antiquarian began to entertain some misgivings , and brought the piece of metal to a commtitair dt police , Who at Once recognised it as an ignot of gold . Still the present owner would not appropriate to himseli the treasure , but named the journeyman bricklayer from whom he had bought it . Notices were issued as to the real owner of the gold bar ; bnt as it bears the mark of the assayer ' s of&co of the Bepnblic of 1790 , there is no doubt that it will ultimately revert to its lucky finder . Its value is about 7 , 000 francs . —Builder .
The Likctknasct or the Towkr . —We hear that Jfajor-Gener al Uowles , Master of tho Queen ' s Household , has been recommended for this appointment , which is a sinecure , and it remains to be seen whether this nomination will he confirmed by the government . These , are not days for continuing sinecures . . The Pope has issued a rescript , that whoever is found guilty of bringing into Rome , or trying to carry into Rome , any copy of the Word of God in the Italian language , he shall be sent for four years totuegalleyi .
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THE HUNGARIAN REFUGEES
The following letter has been addressed to the editor of the Dail y News : — "Dear Sir , —Lord Palmerston avowed it in the house , at the question of Mr . Urquhart , that the Hungarian Refugees , now at Southampton , have been sent off from Turkey by the advice of the English government ; tut he did not tell ua in what manner this advice has been put in execution . A recent communication from Constantinople enables me to give you the details ; they are contained in a letter of M . KosButb . to the American Charge d'Aff aires , and in the protestation of the Hungarian officers , of which I inclose a copy . "Allow me , &c , &c , " Hungarus " LETTER OP LOUIS EOSSUTH , LATE
GOVERNOR OF HUNGARY , To Hornes A . Homes , Esq ., Charge SAjfairts de interim , oftheTJ . S . of America at Constantinople . Kutayab , the 4 th May , 1851 . Sm , —Scarce have I learnt from you the rebuke given by the Turkish ministry to the generous proposition of your glorious country ' s congress and government , that an Austrian commissary also arrived to put the barbarous decision of the rone peremptorily to execution . An Austrian commissary in Turkey ! You must , of course , feel how deep this empire must have fallen , till it was to suffer such degradation , nay , abdication of her independence . She is falling fast , poor Turkeyfalling , not by want of strength , not by fafcanty , but by the cowardice of her leaders , who have not the courage to act according to their own
judgment . Of course , all the contestations about the ? ' September and no longer , " as the term of my detention , is mere humbug ; nay , more , it is affront added to oppression . Has the Porte given the assurance to the United St&tea that such a day « f September next you can take me without any further application on board an American ship ? O ( course no . Be , therefore , aure of" this , my dear sir , it is mere humbug . The real value of their words I have had opportunity enough to appreciate . Full well I understand the case . I am doomed to perish at Kutayah—to fall a victim here to the fears of abominable Austria . There are many ways to come to that end , now that the companions of my prison , they who have accompanied me by free choice , with the agreement of the Forte feither , are by force torn away from my side , and I stand almost forsaken—alone !
Well , I will ioo& to for myaelf , and meet Ihe worst if needs "be . I must frankly tell you that I have anticipated the failure of your negotiation . The Turkish government yieMs but to fear © r to protection , and it must bo -fully aware that whatever may be the power of the United States , Turkey has nothing to fear and no protection to hope from them ; nothing , because yesir government , your legislative bodies , all your organs of publicity , are very anxious to proclaim once again , and again , that non-intervention in European matters , is the first fundamental principle of the political system of the United States . To be sure , wise were the men who established this principle , and wise were the men who
followed it . It ¦ jms a ueceBBary one for the foundation as well as for the growth of the United States , Neither would it be convenient to me to investigate whether the dress which IB 80 Well suited to protect tho childhood and to develop the youth will still prove suitable when the much-promising youth had become a full-grown man—nay , a mighty giant , as your country is . Time is going on , and every hour may bring its own convenience as it brings its own necessity . May be that WCn yeur glorious country may soon be called to feel that every position has ita necessities , has its conditions—has , I would almost say , its unavoidable fatality ; the more , the greater , the mightier that
position is . " God acts not by special will , but by general laws , " said an English philosopher . May bs that even your « ountry wiH very soon be called to feel that it is determined ( as Burely it is ) to uphold , nay , still to heighten the glorious position it already holds , it will scarcely be possible , should it even be convenient not to put a weight into the balance , where the destines of the old word and its civilisation are to be weighed , it will scarcely be . possible not to give anything more to the Bufferings of nations than the noble sentiments of sympathy to the struggling , the commiseration to the fallen , an asylum to the persecuted , or , as the most , a generous offer , but which even a Turkish minister may dare to decline .
There may be some who believe that the nonacceptation of the generous offer of the United States is but an indirect answer of Austria to the glorious declaration of Mr . Webster , which found so mighty an echo in every American breast , an answer scarcely less arrogant than the first foolish provocation was ; there may be some who believe that tb . 0 United States may even not speak , but having once spoken their word mutt be obeyed . As to me , it is my duty not to repress even any humble wish about the further steps of your government ; to me it would be quite inconvenient either to entertain or to express , any feelings else
than the most fervent gratitude for the generous intention of your country and of your government , and the most respectful appreciation o ( their noble conduct towards myself and my companions , which I beg you will be so kind to convey to the government and the people of the United States , together inch the humble declaration of mine that whatever may be the fate I have to meet , it will be , even in the moment of my death—after the trust to Cod , always my chief consolation , that your glorious country , the grave judgment of your wise men as well as the sentiments of your people , have deemed the poor Hungarian exile not unworthy of their sympathy .
I may die , but the cause will yet rise—and , with or without me , the battle will be fought once more , which met the approbation of great , glorious , and free democratic America . . Amen . Butj dear sir , there ia yet one thing which I must beg you to clear of all misrepresentations before your government , that the answer given by the Ottoman ministry may be fully appreciated . How , I have no doubt the thing will be represented to the world as a benevolent step of the SuWime Porte . They would make the world believe that " though political considerations did not allow them to mtore all Hungarian exiles to liberty still it was a noble resolution of the Porte to restrict the detention only to eight individuals , freeing all the rest . "
But nOjBir , the case is quite different : the present resolution of the Porte nob only partakes nothing of benevolence , but it is rather the most barbarous , the most inhuman deed amongst all we have yet experienced here . Before stepping over the threshold of Turkey , I asked if they would give r oe or not asylum and hospitality . I asked them , let me be your guest , or else let me pass , that I may carry my weary head to more hospitable shores . They answered me , be welcome , be our guest ; oar house will be an asylum to thee : we swear thee protection and hospitality . I trusted—I arrested my steps , that I might yet feel the breeze which swept over the plains of my neighbouring native land , that I may see the billows of the Danube mixed with Hungarian tears from PreihurgtoOriova . A few months later they gave me a prison in far Asia to be the asylum which they had sworn to me . . £
At the sad moment of this change in my fate , the poor rains of independent Hungary , my fellow exiles , almost all , with few exceptions , demanded the only concession , to share my fate . It was refused . At Iaet to twenty-three of them waB granted the permission to accompany me . So they came with me . They came firmly decided , and deolaring this their resolution to the commissary of the Parts , rather to undergo every privation , rather to struggle with starvation , than to let me be forsaken , alone . It was a noble deed , sir , worthy of the sympathy of humanity . driven
Ifow , sir , these are the men who are now away from my tide by force by the Turkish govern * ment . They protested against this inhumanity , as you will see from the adjoined memorial ; they declared to be willing to stay with me without the slightest aid of the Turkish government they asked nothing but the permission to share my fate ; they declared not to submit to this inhumanity . The answer was—if you don ' t go willingly , you will be set upon the horses and bound up , and cartl 6 OnjyfiYe of the * whole number is permitted to share my martyrdom . There have been seven officers , who more particularly devoted themselves to the service of daily guard to my person , a precauuseii
tion of necessity , as the Turkish government acknowledged again and again , that Austrian aseaseins were plotting against my life . lasKea ai least to spare me the mortification of ohoico amoHg » t these seven . So , it was not permitted ; two even of these were driten away . On the contrary , I was williBg to sacrifice tne consolation of the presence of my family , for the sake of the education of my children . I intended , therefore , to avail myself of your government a generous offer to send away my infant children , under , or even ( if it can't otherwise be ) without , their guardian angel , my dear beloved wife . It was explicitly refused . That is the real state of the question , sir . It is not for the sake of relieving the burden-of my feelings by a weak complaint I dwelt upon these particulars - . j wjll bear my fate ; but it is that barbarity
X L ™ Toeed in Weltering itself under the mask blnaS ? ' H tbat my gaoler 8 may DOt 8 el 1 for len ! n ° lenc ° . » deed which is the nWt shocking XiH- + L d &s to inforra your government JU ? S J h 0 real issue of your country ' s KKSthCT" V 8 J wiu aIso 8 tatefche ma « er \ lt . ^ tbe ciTil "»> ed world . " « f , my dear sir , as the greatest part of my ^ ' 7 ™? companions have Voided L profit of ffitefW 5 and t 0 goto America , in the f ^ Jnt ^ their native beIoved fatherland in vou w * h "impendence , it is my duty to trouble Uif ll indispensable prayers on their Somilv wirh / trust you wU 1 ^ authorised to comply with , Ac . Li Kossuin > PROTEST OP TOE HUNGARIAN OFFICERS IN KUTAYAH .
TmK ' ir ? ^ d ? s'A'ned , voluntary companions of SSfeShSrt' B " ? 1 Gownor of Hungary , being 7 ™ k tn « BnWimo Porte having ordered our 3 ? 3 S 5 Sffi ^« U to «» to tt ™** M ¦ £° ^ Ld e ring h » t we followed this illustrious man 1 ™ P la ce of his exile , and afterwards of his W ?" ' i fuU libert >'> and voluntarily determined to share his fate and his sufferings to the end ; ° fw , 8 i ( Iolfin B > that afterwards the Sublime Porte , witft the award of the diplomatic agents of Austria , permitted us to join our before-mentioned chief , anu to accompany him without conditions , not separating us during the term of his detention ; Considering , finally , tnat all of us in desiring the termination of the imprisonment of this illustrious man , never demanded our individual freedom , seeking and finding our liberfcv in the manlv
resienaUon to share the misfortunes of the man of our choice ; We declare by the tenure of the present , that the betore-mentioned order is unjust , cruel , and contrary to the law of nations , protesting solemnly against its execution , before all nations sensible to misfortune , and before the disinterested opinion of the civilised world ; deolaring further , that we will not yield save to the actual force of those who may be charged with the effectuation of the order . ( Signed ) The VoujsifcKS Comymiioss otLouis &OSSUTH , LATE GOVERNOR OF HUNGARY . Kutayah , in Asia Minor , May i , 1851 .
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OP •«* UNITED TKADES . T , S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P . President , Established 1845 . " HAT JCSmiA , " "If It were possible for the working classes , by combitting among themselves , to raise , or keep up the general rate of wages , it need hardly be said that this would be a thing not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced t . " fiiiUBT Mill .
A glimmer of light seems to be breaking in upon minds hitherto shrouded in tho murky twilight of prejudice and of party , There are occasions when some sudden unlooked-for calamity , some unexpected concurrence of circumstances , will force the most thoughtless or the most stupid amongst us to think . An apple one day fell from a tree , and an idle boy lying listlessly on the grass , observed it spinning round and round its own axis , in its descent , This , to him , new and unexpected fact , eet that boy a thinking . From so Bimple an origin aross tho Newtonion system .
A tea-kettle of boiling water , puffing out Hb steam from its spout , impressed another mincl with an idea of a new motive power and , as it were by enchanment , the steam engine , with all its wonder-working consequences , rushes into existence . Prom some cause or other , five years ago , a blight seized the potato plant , and the chief article of food for a population of more than
eight millions of human beings was destroyed . Prayers and fastings , lamentations and other appliances , which , time out of mind , have beon considered the HioBt effective remedy for such visitations were sent up { by order ) to the great disposer of events , who was unblushingly charged as the author of the calamity . The potatoe disease has nearly worked itself out , and so have the poor Irish people , wiWSQ BOle food waB that same rcoti
Lord John RusBeli said in the House of Commons , that not more than one million of tbe Irish people perished from tbe combined effects of starvation and pestilence at that fatal period . The potato bli g ht waa another of those little incidents which set people thinking . Another million or two , -who had escaped the ravages of starvation aad pestilence , having lost all faith ia potatoes and patriotism , packed up themselves and what little capital they could scrape together , and nought new homes in tbe new world .
Ireland , whieb , in the ordinary course of -events , should at the present time have had a population of QYer nine millions , has aetuaily a considerably less number of inhabitants than she bad thirty years ago . This depopulating principle , which is etill in full operation , and likely to continue , has ; set the Times Editor thinking- and w «; would earnestly recommend all who hare the ; opportunity , to read the Times' leader of Saturday , July the 5 tb . The Times aaya : — ' The facts connected with the Irish census BUggest . some grave questions . ' To what extent will
Irish emigration and Irieh depopulation proceed ? And how far is the example likely to be followed in the island ? Quote the Times —* There is alwayB a great deal to be flaid for tbe statue quo , ( i . e things as they are , ) and the safest course is to predict no considerable . change ; but they who expect nothing out of the way are sometimes disappointed . ' It then proceeds to express a very innocent sort of astonishment that Irshmen should ever have been induced to enter a workhouse , or apply
for public relief . Ten yearB ago a man would have been laughed at who would have predicted « uch an occurrence . But , ' facts are , however , sometimes more paradoxical than opinions ; and we now find ourselves in tbe full tide of the most considerable facts with which history acquaints us . We may , then , venture to aek a question , which would have sounded ridiculous ten years ago . How far will-Ireland leave Ireland and England follow after her ?'
TVe think it must be admitted that this ib a very important Question . Again , ' Are there really no bounds to this emigration ; or even a probability of its being confined to its present amount V Why , less than four years ago , the Columns of the Times were daily filled with ' invitations to the people to emigrate It was then the great and only panacea for our social e ? ils . As latel y as August 1848 the language diurnally put forth by the Times , Chronicle , and Herald was something in the
following strain : — ' Go away , dear , good , natured , useleBB labourers , encounter climates you are not inured to , change all your accustomed habits , conquer the wilderaeBU and the forest , drain the marsh , and subdue unpopulated wastes to the use of man , which , though thousands of you may die in the work , and we , the capitalists , may , by and bye , come and take possession of the conntries ye have prepared for human residenceswhat does it matter ? Yon were born to
labour , and we to enjoy . It is the will of Providence that there should be rich and poor , and though we may enjoy the good things « f this life , you know the everlasting good things of the life to come are promised to you in reward for joxxt toil and sufferings here . ' These literary FrankenBteins laboured long and sedulousl y to call into existence this monster emigration , and now they stand aghast at their own offspring .
'It has scarcely , ' proceeds the Timer , ' entered into the heads of economists that they would ever have to deal with a deficiency of labour . The inexhaustible Irish Bupply has kept down the price of English labour , whether in th « field , the railway , the factory , tho army , or the navy ; whether at the sickle , the spade , the hod , or the desk . We believe that for fift y years at least , labour , taking its quality into account , has been cheaper in this countiy than in any part of Europe , and that this cheapness of labour has contributed vastly to the improvement and power of the country , to the success of all mercantile pur-
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suits , and to the enjoyment of thos e who have money to spend . This same cheapness has p laced the labouring classes moat effectually under the hand of money and the hoel of power . ( Hear , hear . ) But will not there bo a change and a beginning of changes when our great reservoirs of human labour begin to fall short ? Will it noi be a day of change when instead of two men being after one master two masters will be after one man ? Perhaps it will be thought that the condition of the labourer will be so much bettered that
there will be no English emigration ; of that we are not sure . "What keeps the English labourer at home is profound ignorance ( hoar , hear ) , his want of versatility , and his habits of dependence ? But these peculiarities will be much affected by any social chang 68 that shall make the labourer more actually indedendent than he now is j aud we can conceive a great demand for labour , skilled or unskilled , increasing emigration instead of repressing it . Such changes will give the labourer the means , the combination , tho solfmanagement , and perhapB also , in the increasing quarrels between master and servant , the provocation necessary for trying a new country . '
Well , a mighty change is indeed in progress when the 'leading journal of Europe' can thus philosophize upon tbe future destiny of labour . We never have been and are not advocates for forced emigration . Our axiom is 'England for the English ; ' and we have always contended that it is in tbe power of the working classes to make this island the abode of happiness and peace . That it is otherwise , is to be ascribed , as the Times trul y says , to their profound ignorance , « which has placed them and keeps them most effectuall y under the hand of capital and the heel of power . ' The
fate of Ireland should be a warning to the people and government of England . Tha the tide of emigration from that ruined laud will atill flow on , is , we think , unquestionable . The ties of kindred , which are much stronger than those of country , however they may be rudely severed for a time , have an overpowering tendency to reunite . There is , therefore , a prospect that the field of British industry will be—to a great extentrelieved ia future from that unnatural competition with Irish labour , which has worked 'so injuriously in almoBt every department of trade and manufactures . In tbe mean time
it is consoling to find that the Associative principle , in its many phases , is making rapid progress . The amalgamation of isolated bodies of men into large confederations , is a precursor to that more extended and perfect organisation which we advocate . It is not only as an efficient conservator of the rights of industry , that a national union of labour is desirable . That * profound ignorance' which the Times charges against us , would surely disappear when labour had at its command the power and advantage of associative arrangements .
Education , which now to so many thousands is perfectly unattainable , and to a few doled out so grudgingly in an imperfect diluted form , in our ( improperly named ) National Schools , would receive from a thorough organisation of labour , that attention its importance entitleB it to , and * profound ignorance ' would no longer present itself ms an argument , and justification for political debasement . The same facilities which would thus
exist for nationalising education for the masses , independent of political or sectarian subserviency , would also offer themselves for amalgamating in one extensive national institution , our thousand sick , burial , and superannuation clubs , and of retaining and applying for the uses and purposes of labour , the millions which are now so senselessly handed over to the capitalists , to be used by them to forge the chains and gyves for our own and childrens' thraldom .
The pecuniary resources of the working defies are prodigious , and it is their ' profound ignorance' alone that prevents them making a wiser application of them . 'Surplus labour , ' the favourite bugbear of the Political Economists , would be found to exi 8 t no where but ia their sophistical writings , » nd that machinery irhich is now so much and so justly dreaded as the antagonist and destroyer of industry , would be hailed as its best friend and servant . But the great value of an industrial combination would he found in the
absolute control it would give over the value of wages . It would not be then , as now , a system of individual bargain making , in whioh the labourer is almoat invariably at the mercy of the master , but we apprehend what should be considered a fair day ' s wage in any trade would be a question to be disoussed and arbitrated on by those interested , upon something like equal terms . The Tims in the extraordinary article we have quoted , ueems to see the inevitable approach of some such Btate of thingB , and sees at onee the consequences which would follow .
IfiiH . &pended on what is called the market o f labour , as soon «« the population had fallen to a certain level labour would command « ueh a pr ice as would overpower all inducement * to emigrate . But basfdfes the market of labour Ihefe are some things not quite so self . adjustinjy , iliough auite as important , to the interests of labour . The institutions of the country are adapted to the actual condition of ihe labourer , to the rate of bis wages the aetual sphere vf bis expectation , the actual calibre of his inteuigence , tool * actual education , sympathies , and manmm But « M »« e institutions , the work of ages , are not to
easily adjusted a rapid change . Should the labourers of this country find that they were masters , and that the rate of wage » depended no longer on tne market tame , sna should the game discovery be made eren quicker in our manufacturing towns , who does not see that a new element would be intredueed not only in our Industrial , but also iu our political calculations . The Parltamentwy Judicial and the Ecclesiastical systems of the country might feel the unwonted presence of rude and newly conscious energies below the present smooth surface of thingi .
This Is the time to consider these questions , for if the working population of these islands is to acquire greater actual power , it ia high time they should be prepared , and the house put in order for io great and perilous a change , We think these passages are deserving the most thoughtful consideration . We have always considered that a national union of labour could give to labour that control over wages which it is now entirely deprived of . That the position and value of the labourer ia the eocial eohemo would , be then at once enhanced and acknowledged , as- a ' consequence , the institutions of the
country would be no longer adapted to . hia condition , feelings or tastes , and would require , and ipeedily obtain , a total revision and readjustment . But we think thai these desirable changes will never take place until the labourer has & control or influence over the market of labour , and this can be only obtained through a national organisation . We gratefully acknowled ge the receipt by the . Defence Committee this week of several handsome contribution to the Fund ; amongst which may be mentioned £ 21 from T . S . Duncombe , Esq . ; £ 15 from the Newspaper
Compositors , £ 10 from the Coopers of Bristol , &c , and a multitude of smaller amounts and promises , which we have not at present an opportunity of more than alluding to . it hao been afiked why the amount gubscribed is not published veek by week in the report . A little reflection will , we think , lead our friends to see the extreme injudiciousness of such a course before the trial . It would expose at once to the prosecutor the strength or weaknees of our position , in either case most undesirable ; but we assure all our friends that immediately after the trial a full detailed balance sheet will be issued and forwarded to the
subcribers , We beg to call the particular attention of our members to the handsome contribution of our valued President , proving , in the most unmiatakeable manner , the sincerit y and genuineness of that gentleman ' s ¦ sympathies with the working men's interests , and how earnestly he Quires to assist them in their efforts to iropme theb condition . The work-
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ing men of Great Britain have few bucIi tr-ao friends as THQMAS SLIKGSBY DUSCOMBE . William Peel , Secretary . 259 , Tottenham-court-road .
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THE TRUCK SYSTEM . A Delegate Meeting of Operatives of all trw . lca ,.. convened by public advertisement , for the pwpo ? e of forming an Universal Anti-Truck Society , to » k place on Tuesday , the 8 th inat ., at Dorby , at a room m Iron-gate , at which there were present tho !•>! - lowing delo ^ iites : —Mr . Thomas Molauaphy ; md Mr . George Kendall , of Sutton-in-Ashfiekii ; air . Joseph Linny , of liilston , delegated from tho whole South Staffordshire Anti-Trnuk Association ; Mr . Thomas Winters , of 259 , Tottenham-court-road , London , from tbe United Trades Association ; Mr . Henry Parker , of 56 , Burton-road , Derby ; Mr . Samuel Blackwell , of Bulwell , near KoUingltaiu * delegated from the United Glove Association of Ui « three counties ; Mr . Thomas Greaves , of Great Holme-street , Leicester ; Mr . John FaitWu \ , oi Heanor , Derbyshire ; Mr . James Bullivant and Mr . William Mason , of Derby , Framework Knitters ; Mr . John Skevington , of Derby , mechanic ; and several others .
On the motion of Mr . LnwEY , seconded by Mr . Parker , Mr . Jeremiah Bviggs , solicitor , of Derby , was unanimously called to tho chair . The business was opened by the Chairman in oxilanation of his views of an " Universal Anti-Truck Law , — " That the entire amount of all wages , tae earnings of labour , shall bo actually find , positive paid in the current coin of tho realm , without n . uy deduction or stoppage of any kind whatever . '' The Chairman urged the necessity oi now forming a strong society for tho security of the wages of working men ; letters received from several members of Parliament were then read , aB also niiuie * rous letters from individuals suffering from Truck ; after the necessary business was proceeded with , several of the delegates present expressed their
opinions and views . Mr . li . BspM . 3 i spoke to tbe existence of a great number of independent frames in his locality , and he would gladly support the Society if it went for the " poundage" principle , and that a man shall have what he earned—that when work . grow 3 short truck is put more upon them , that all their localities are in union , und that they employ a truck committee , yet still the evil is not put an end to . Mr . LiNNB ? , from Staffordshire , in a very feel » ing speech explained the position of the Truck . System in his locality , the sufferings of the miners , how their society had expended hundreds in finding the Truck masters , the petitions they had presented , tho kindness they had received from Sir George Grey and Lord Hatherton , that
an inspector was now making a report for government , and that a commissioner was expected down to inquire into the evil effects arising from the system of tampering with men ' s wages . He urged the adoption of this society , and advised all men to join it , and to draw to one foouB a \) tha sufferings that the Truck System engendered , and that he was there to render every assistance to the cause that he could , that he never met with a better principle of Anti-Truck , nor one more likely to suwesij , tf t \\ a r&ip-p&jers -would but do the « duty in conjunction with tho working men , in re * slating stoppages from wages . Mr . Winters explained that he came down from
London instructed by the Committee of the Trades Association to lend his utmost exertions in bettering the condition of tho working-men fo * tho security of their wages . It would do good to abolish the frightful system of stopping frame rents and charges from the working-man ' s wages . He detailed the demoralizing effects of the Bystem . It was our duty to look to all mankind . The "Wire X > rawer »* Masters once attempted the same system of trying to charge a rent for their blocks , but it -was resisted , and on inquiry , those masters found it would be detrimental to trade ; he urged upon all classes to co-operate throughout the kingdom , to abolish every stoppage from wages , no matter from -whatever source it came .
Mr . Samuel Bla . ck . v ? kll explained that he was there to do all tbe good he could to abolish the system of stopping frame rent and charges from the wages of workmen ; that , in his opinion , it was the sole cause of a man not progressing . It waa the duty of every working man to merge bis little differences in this one good cause , that every man ' s actual earnings should be paid without any atoppage . He believed every working-man ready to make even personal sacrifices to remedy tho grievance . It only wanted the opinion of the working * men to be fairly and candidly explained . He urged co-operation ; and if obstacles were thrown in the way by the masters , for the present society fairly to meet them and diBCUss the question ,. aB he truly believed more profit would accrue to the
manufacturer by abolishing tbe frame tent system than keeping it on . Mr . Wm . Mason , of Derby , for many years acquainted with the system , qe . Ue . Yftl it ^ ftA more in * jurious in other places than in the town of Derby . The stoppage was an evil , it was getting worae and worse every year , it extended itself , and there were large houses in the county that had established the system to operate so frightfully , that he Knew men wore now having stoppages for half a dozen frames when work was onl y given for one ; that the basest of impositions were daily practised upon defenceless workmen , and that no progress could be made by any man under it : nothing short of Antirai *
abolishing it , could free the workman from th § trammels of having all bis labour ta&eu from him to pay the employer for the use of his machinery . Mr . Faimtw ,, from Heanor , could apeak positively to the stoppage of frame rent and charges from the wages being the sole evil of the working man ; no power on earth but the entire abolition of the / rame rent system can better tha working , man ; « ery Christian mu 8 t help to relieve him from the thraldom he is now suffering nsder . Why not every employer simply pay him for his labour , without mixing up such employment with the mas . ter ' s property ?
Mr . Gbbavbs , of Leicester , came , at the request of sever ; . ! handa , to say that 6 , 000 were no * out oh work there ; that a short time back the factory syttern whb established , bo aB to take the frame rent and charges from the wages ; but that instead thereof , 4 d . in Is . was deducted ; now , however , such waa the continued avarice of tbQ-mutfill they not onl y now took the id ., but they also put on Is , 2 d . for frame rent and charges ; and to pre » vent a man getting more than a few shilliBgB , they will DOt let him go to work until Thursday , shutting up the factory for half the week that the ? might not earn too nraoh . The pauperism * a » dreadful and the . ' misery awful—aJJ ariaiag tut want of the universal Anti-Truek ] aw—midlemen were now paying rent on their own framw toeet work for them . 6
After a long and animated discussion of Ihe evil of any kind of stoppages , it waa resolved , . that a Society be formed , to be called the " Universal Anti-Truck Society , " and that a Committee ba formed for drawing Hp a code of Laws and regulations for conducting such Society ; the Committed wa then formed of the delegateB > eB 6 Bt , frith power toadd to their numher . '
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Strikh Augho ina Cowjbrs or NoniB-Snr « f ORDSHiRK . — -There has been a turn out of ihe men employed in the coal pits of Earl GranrjJJe , to the number of 200 . The coal and iron trades have been seriously depressed for eojao time past , and & m » duction of wages has . been in coneequence expected . Mr . Lancaster , the agent to the noble ear ] , proposed , it is said , to reduce the wages about sixpence per man per day , and to introduce some fresh regulations in the colliery , which the miners considered to be oppresjiv * hence the present contest . Two pit * only hav « * stopped work at present , but it is feared that th »
strike will become general , as the other masters of this district are supposed to be meditating a similar couree . The potterB , who are very busy , Jook with some anxiety on the aBpect : of affaire , as their interests are bound up in the speedy settlement of the contest . They are large ooai consumer * , and if the supply of this necessary artioleia atopped . their ovonB cannot be kept at work , and the whole manufacture is interfered - with . Wo oat * of violence haV 8 been committed , but tbe miners ar « parading the adjacent pottery towns , and vent their indi gnation in no measured terms . A detachment of li ght dragoons entered Hanley and Shefron on Saturday evening , . ¦ "
Ekybwcbwwbhj ot Db . Pb » kingio » . —Bo »» of Dr . Fennington ' i friends having ascertained thatHf waB still legally a slave in his native land , » nd that the operation of the iniquitous Fugitive 81 kv * law rendered his return perilous , set on foot a subscription , and a negotiation with his legs ) owners —the legal owners of a Doctor Of Divinity ' —• fOlhif manumission , which have happily proved luaeeBs . ful . The document rendering him a free ffi » n ««• presented to him at a aoireein Danse , BerwiokihiMT and on a subsequent evening he took a < & «««»« 3 his Scottish friends at a *> 4 in EdinbuS * The Fatal Accident . —The adjourned inquest f < a *! ra « ?! ' ^ gating the i *»* rt 2 RS
f » » lU 0 QeainB M Margaret Meridith Ann IHS | £ g verdict of Aif L concluded with the jwj '» Ed jIJJ l i aughtGr a « ainst DaTid H « gh «» « d warrant W 6 r ° committed on * " « wronert 'J ^ a * T K fi 0 ld minewriteB <> *»» " respondent , on the 2 nd iuet ., has , according to newt just received at this island , been discovered » t a point equi-distant , or nearly ao , betTfoen Tunis and Algiers . The French and the Bey of Tunis equally claim it , and some very sharp letter * o » tbe » ubjeol have passed . Unless matters can be adjusted , ft Berious disturbance may probably result .
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Ju 1 % 1851 , THE NORTHERN STAR . 5
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 12, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1634/page/5/
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