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THE 10BTHERN STIR SATURDAY, AUGUST 9, 1851
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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ffOBKJSa MEN AND SHOPKEEPERS Snmber XT . ont this day of
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Jast Trtbltehed , JN NOS . AT © NE PENNY EACH ,
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h Xos . at One Fenny each , splendidly Illustrated , A HISTORY OF THE DIFFERENT EXPEDITIONS ENGAGED IN THE SEARCH FOR SIR J . FRANKLIN COKTAISCiG iU TBE HEGENT VOYAGES TO _ THE POLAR REBfONS . Including in particular the Expedition , sent oat under the command CF SIR JAMES BOSS TO DAVIS STBAITS ASD Of Commander Moore and Captain Kellott , to Behring ' s Straits . "With an authentic copj of the dispatches received from SIR GEORGE SIMPSON , OF THE HUDSON ' S BAIT COMPANY With other important and highly interesting information relative to the Expedition under
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Jfow Publishing in Wos . at One Fenny each . By the Authoress of "The Gipsei Gnu . ' Each Pesst Xember of this Novel will contain Sixteen Pages of solid print . H 1 HE TRIALS * OF LOVE W OM AN' S ° ' llE W ARD : BT ilKS . H . M . IOWNDES , ( Ute HANNAH MARIA JONES , ) Authoress of 'Emily Moreland , " Rosaline WoodbridKe , Gipwy Mother , ' Scottish Chieftains , ' ' ForgedNote , ' Wedding Iting / ' Strangers of the Glen ,, ' Victim of Fashion , * ' Child of Mystery , " etc .
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PERFECT FREEDOM FROM COUGHS IN TEN MINUTES , And instant relief and a rapid cure of STHMAS , CONSUMPTION , COUGHS , and all disorders of tne Breath and Lungs , are insured bj DR . LOCOCK'S PULMONIO WAFERS . The most wonderful cures cf Asthma and Consump tion , Coughs , Colds , and all Disorders of the Breath and Lunge , are everywhere performed by this extraordi joaxy remedy . CORES OF ASTHMA , COUGHS , Ac , IN PRESTON . Extract of a letter from Mr . H . Armstrong , Chemist , Church-street , 1 ' restoa .
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IfATIONAL CHARTER , ASSOCIATI ON . Office , 14 , Southampten-stmtrStrand . ^ HE -EXECUTI VE . COMMITTEE A hereby announce the following meeting * : — _ „• On Sunaaj next , at three o ' cloc k to «»•§«»«»• isssssxs ^ is ^ JBSSS TtXiSn ,, * »« . *• * - - *¦** Cheshire * freet , Waterloo Town . _ „ .,.,, _ . „ ¦ Armgl Tonb ^^ e ^ e ^^ SSr ^ Scien : AggSS ^ tswsa B SSnveSniatthe Literary and Scientific InstitutuTn Leicester-place . St . I ' eter ' s-terrace , Hatton . rarden , Mr . W . Broom will lecture . - „ On the same evening at vhe Yfoo&mMi Tavetn , Vfhite street , Waterloo Town , at six o ' clock the members of the locality will meet ; and at eight o ' clock a lecture will be delivered . On the same evening , at the Ship , High-street , Great Garden-street , Whiteehapel , a discussion will take place ou the merits of Free Trade and Protection . Messrs , Shaw , Davis , and others , will attend .
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Fains in the Back , Gravel , Bheumatism , Bout , Liim " logo , Indigestion , Debility , Stricture , Q leet , < £ c . ' Cactios . —Sufferer * are earnestly cautioned againstdani gerous imitations of these pills by youthful quacks , who have impudently assumed the title of doctor , aud a foreign name , and dared to infringe the _ proprietors right , by . advertising a spurious and highly injurious compound under another name , the use of which can only bring annoyance and disappointment . ' - ' '' DR . BARKER'S PUR 1 FIG PILLS ( of which there are useless imitations under other titles ) hare in many instances effected a cure when , all other means had failed , and are now established , by the consent of every patient who has yet tried them , as also by the facdmi themselves , as the most safe aud efficacious remedy ever discovered for discbarges of any kind , retention of the urine , and diseases of the Kidneys and Ur iuiirj Organs generally , whether resulting from imprudence or otherwise , which , if neglected , frequently end-
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THE CRYSTAL PALACE . The following Engravings of this tmrivalled edifice , are now ready , and may be had at this Office : — I . —View of the Exterior of the BwWing ; a magnificent print—two feet long—exquisitely engraved ; from a drawing furnished by Messrs . Fox and Henderson ; and consequently correct in every respect . Pbice only Sixpence . H—Proofs of the Same Print , printed on thick Imperial Drawing Paper . Pbice One Shilling . , . m . —The Same Print , Superbly Coloured ; on extra Drawing Paper , and finished in the most exquisite style . Prick Two Shiiaikob and Sixpence .
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THE PORTRAIT OF SIR ROBERT PEEL A few impressions of this Magnificent Portrait of the late great Statesmau ate still left " aad may be bad at this Office .
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" " &i-^ pIATIONAL INSTRUCTOR . Subscribers , whose sets may be imperfect , are requested to apply at once for imperfections . The stook of this book will , not be retained after this month ( July ) . .. . . Several surplus Vols . I . and III . of " THE LABOURER , " Neatly bound , are now offered at One Shilling per vol .. The usual Price was Three Shillings and Sixpence .
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Nottingham . —J . Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the following sum ( sent herewith ) : —For the Rrfugees . — Mr . Smith Is . Leicester—J . White , Newsagent , 87 , Church-gate , Leicester , would be glad to ' hear from Mr . Nathanial Frith , late of Bradford , now resident in London , or if any friend could forward his address , through the medium ef the Star , you will much oblige yours fraternally , J . 'White , 87 , Church-gate , Leicester . Lwebpool . —Polish and Hungarian Refugees . — James Spurrj secretary of the Liverpool operatives , acknowledge the receipt of £ 210 s . from Mr . William Mills , of Brighton . ¦ Mr . J . lUssAKD , Dublm .-Received . Yes . A Fotm Year ' s Sobscriber . Durham . —The second series of . the " National Instructor" did not go beyondN 6 . 18 . The volume is not complete . . '''¦¦¦
X . Y—We are afraid that the insertion of your no doubt . : well-meant communication would only lead ¦ to a revival of those personal controversies which , in former times , have been so prejudicial to the popukr . cause . A cordial union among all the advocates of aocial and pelitical reform is more than ever necessary at the present moment , and we earnestly trust that all parties will lay aside petty rivalries , forget trifling distinctions , and unite for the promotion of the great objects in view . - » United we stana , divided w 6 fall . " James Prrr / E , Dunfennline . —Mr . 0 Oonnor is absent on one of his ordinary visits to the Continental this period of the year , and in his absence we are unable to answer the question put by our correspondent . We , however , ¦ insert it , in order that any of the Direetors of the Lan <
Company iu town may give aa answer through our . columns . The writer holds a receipt for £ 1 in the Bonus F . und , and he wishes to know if the money can be obtained upoiv request , and if so , to whom he is to make application for it ? AjiTi-TuncK ;—A fortnight ago we received part of a report of a prosecution for the violation of the Truck Aot , at Derby , on the 18 th of July . The close of that report was ouly received on Thursday , the 7 th of August . We shall be happy at all ' times to give publicity to proceedings of such cases , when duly supplied with the parti ; culars ; Tjutin this instance if was clearly impossible to do so when the trial took place , and the report is now too old for insertion . We can merely state that the -prosecution was successful , and that the defendant was : convicted in the mitigated penalty of five pounds .
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: n mum NATIONAL LAND COMPANY DISSOLVING' BILL . On Thursday this billreceived the royal assent , and proceedings will be taken forthwith to wind up the affairs of the Company under its provisions .
The 10bthern Stir Saturday, August 9, 1851
THE 10 BTHERN STIR SATURDAY , AUGUST 9 , 1851
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THE LOST SESSION . Our legislators are released from their laborious trfling . Their sittings that led to no result—their speeches , that ended in smoketheir . make-believe aham of legislation . The amount of work produced in bix months and a half , may be summed hp in one word , NOTHING 1 . What can be said about nothing ?
Nothing . * Let us bury our dead out of sight , and inscribe as . an epitaph , ' The lost session , ' For years the Whigs have been progressively Tdndering the legislature less and less usefulthey hare vat length attained the climax . Public business of every kind has been brought to a stand-still , every party is in a dead lock . The perfection of English politics is stagnation : negation .
How long is this to continue ? Are we next year to waste time in the same manner and again shrink from grappling with the nume rous questions which demand consideration and settlement ? The answer to these questions will depend on what is done during the recess . If the people" out of doors be apathetic , Lord J . JBussell will forget even his pledge to give us a new Reform Bill next
session , or make it of such puny dimensions that it will not be worth having in itself ; while it will become a stumbling block to earnest reformers for another twenty years . In 1871 another generation may be still clamouring for admission within the pale of the constitution , and be met with the same stale substitutes for argument—the same haokbied evasions of justice as we are now .
If , on the contrary , there is an earnest and vigorous movement for a real and substantial improvement of our representative system , based upon just principles , there cannot be a doubt of success . Even in the Conservative aud Protectionist ranks , there will be no excessively bitter , obstinate , and determined opposition to encounter . Many , indeed , are to be found in these two parties who advocate as sweeping , legal , and administrative reforms , as the most extreme parties out of doors . Lord John , if he means to keep his place , must bid high , or he will be out-bidden . That is one advantage we have derived from the
last twenty years of the Reform Act . It has proved even to timid and Conservative minds hat change is not synonimous with destruction ; that Reform does not mean revolution . The Premier must , therefore , make up hia mind to deal liberally with this question . A timorous , hesitating , stingy measure will not suit the exigency . It will open the door to his Conservative rivals ; we : all know with what tenacity Whigs cling to office , and , therefore , we may indulge in the hope . that this instinct will induce them to prepare a good tender as the condition for a fresh lease of power .
But whatever the Ministry or other parties may do , the duty of the unenfranchised masses is clear . They must put in their claim to Manhood Suffrage in a distinct and determined manner . The grounds on which that right is denied are so fallacious that they will not bear argument . There are no people on the face of the earth so well educated , politically , as the British people , because in no other country are there the same municipal and local institutions for training the masses to take part in public business . Whatever may be thought of our competitive system of every man for himself in other respects , there
can be no question , but that it elicits largely the quality of self-dependence , and in conjunction with other causes , devolopes the faculties peculiarly needed for dealing with political and social questions . In this respect the numbeir of Societies of various . kinds ,. which exist . among the working classes ; and their habit of holding frequent public meetings , may be looked upon as preliminary training schools for the proper exercise of the franchise , and though , perhaps , in the agricultural districts there might be found a considerable proportion of ignorance and sluggish intellects , we have no doubt whatever that intelligence would predominate .
But , whether that be so or not , the time has come when the foundations of our political system must be laid upon justice , not expediency . If large portions of the people are yet ' ignorant and imperfectl y educated , as with sorrow , we admit they are ; that is no reason for longer denying them the exercise of a just and . indefeasible right . The parties who make that ah excuse for den ying , the suffrage , take advantage of their own wrong .
It is their blame that the people are not better educated . They havehad exclusive possession of all the Governmental , educational , and social power of the State . It was , and is , amply sufficient to have produced a highly intelligent and well-educated people , and if they have neglected , abused , or misapplied the powers ' entrusted to them , on their heade rests the blame . The fact of their malfeasance cannot be adduced ae a reason for the perpetration of
an additional injustice . Besides , in answer to those who put forward these pretences , for argument , based on the ignorance of certain portions of the popula
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tion , we say that their political enfranchisement will prove the first really effective etep towards their intellectual elevation and improvement . They feel , themselves , a deep th irst for knowledge , ; which shows xtself in a thousand forms , and it haB little chance of being fully satisfied , soloDg as the privileged classes hold them in political bondage . Ignorance and slavery are meet companions . Freedom and knowledge must march handin-hand . If the people were possessed of political power , the ruling . classes would be compelled , in self defence , to remove all , obstructions to their education , and to join in providing every facility that would , fit them to exercise that power " with advantage to the
State . . . ' , „ „ ., The Franchise question underlies all others . No other reform whatever can be obtained until the people get possession of that masterkey ; upon it , therefore , all their energies ought to be concentrated . Turning neither to the right hand nor the left , they should steadily , unswervingly , and earnestly press that one great and fundamental reform until it is accomp lished . By that means alone shall we be able to prevent the repetition of such a session as that
which was closed by the Sovereign on Friday , with all the pomp and pageantry of regal sp lendour . The show , no doubt , gratified the tens of thousands from the provinces now in London , who never before had the chance of witnessing s royal procession , and perhaps that waB the real reason why it was given . But it was a most unappropriate finale to one of the most utterly useless , worthless , and barren sessions in the records of
Parliament . A People ' s Parliament would have plenty of work to do ; until we have such a Parliament , none of the most pressing and important problems of the . age will be solved ; and therefore , we repeat ] ' such ' a Reform Bill as will make the Legislature the reflex of the whole people , and the fair and-full representative of all intere 8 ta , 'is an indispensable preliminary to all other reforms .
• Shall we ask in vain for the co-operation o : the unenfrarichisedmassesin thiB great work ? Shall the recess pass over without sucir a . demonstration of . their determination to win political freedom , as will either scare the Premier from a timorous policy , or , if he adopts it , encourage his political rivals to outbid him , and give « s '» real reform in Parliament ? , ¦ . ¦' . •' . ' . Time will show . Meantime , we promise , that the question shall not be left in abeyance , as far as we are concerned ; aud that , in season and out of season , we shall urge it upon attention with all the earnestness arising out of a deep and solemn conviction of its paramount importance .
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ENGLISH SLAVERY . It is impossible to revert too frequently to the grave and important questions involved in the late trials at Stafford . If the decision then given be not reversed , the working classes of this country will be reduced to the condition of actual slaves . They- will . be subject to imprisonment and transportation , for daring to resist reduction of wages , or peaceably uniting to ask for ¦ what iB in their opinion a just price for their labour . If ; the law be really as it was laid down by the Mr . Justice Eble , the combination , act of 1826 is' a mockery , a delusion ,
and a snare , ' The right which it pretends to grant and to legalise is a nullity , because its exercise " will be rendered impossible except under liability to be consigned to the gaol or the hulks . It is quite clear that when any body of working men , in consequence of mutual agreement , leave their employer , or abstain from working until the price they request for their labour is granted , that loss , obstruction , and , if you please to call it so , molestation , must ensue . The business of any employer or manufacturer cannot go on so smoothly during a strike or turn out ,
as when the men are contented with their wages , and pursuing their ordinary occupation . ¦ Obstructions , losses , vexation , and annoyance , are the inevitable consequences of such- disagreeable differences between masters and men , and they fall upon both . The masters do not exclusively suffer , and , therefore they can have no exclusive claim either for protection or compensation . The men might , with much greater justice and reason , claim both , because , in the great majority of cases , they . are driven most reluctantly to the adoption of that , last alternative . We never ?
yet knew of a ' strike' or a ¦ turn out' taking place until every other method of settling the dispute had failed , in consequence of the obstinacy of the employers . But , according to the Stafford juries and Mr . Justice Eble , the master class can , under the sweeping charge of conspiracy , punish the men whose refusal to work , causes this loss , obstruction , and molestation . They may not have been guilty of a Bingle act of violence , they may not have uttered a solitary threat , they may , throughout a protracted and exciting struggle ,.. have conducted themselves with a forbearance and a self-poasesaion highly ereditable to their moral and intellectual
character , and yet the mere act of refusing to work will subject them to imprisonment or transportation , because that act involves necessarily loss to the master , and obstructs his carrying his business on in the ordinary way . This is the monstrous and disgraceful propor sition which was affirmed by the verdicts at Stafford , and which must be reversed by an appeal to the highest Court of Judicature in the realm , or the whole of the producing classes in this country will be delivered over to the employing classes , bound hand and foot , and become , in future , the helpless victims of the combined tyranny of aggressive capital and class made law .
We rejoice to see that a movement has already been commenced to resist this most shameful violation of all the principles of justice and fair play . The meeting in the National Hall on Wednesday night was an auspicious and encoura ging inauguration of that movement , A more hearty and enthusiastic public assembly we never witnessed , and the admirable addresses delivered by the various speakers , were terse , to the point , and full y appreciated by the audience . We trust that , in every town of the kingdom , similar meetings . will be held , and
committees appointed to act in concert with the London Defence Committee . To try the question fairl y in the courts , will require large sums in the aggregate , but the contribution from each member of aTrade ' s Society will be a mere trifle . The beBt legal advice and ability must be had upon a question of such vital and universal importence to every working man ; and if at length—which we cannot believe—the ultimate decision of the Judges upholds that given at Stafford ,
Parlament must be appealed , to for an alteration in the laws which reduce the free labourers of this country below the level of the American slave : food , clothing , and shelter are assured to the negro in return for his enforced toil , but the English slaves will be entitled to no such return for " , his labour . He will be compelled to recive whatever pittance his legal tyrant may dole out to himwhether at be sufficient % o support existence or not . If he grumbles or rebels , the dungeon or the transport Bb . j p will be his punish-¦ ' ¦
ment . ¦ . To avert this horrible fate , the working classes as a body must gird up . their loins , and enter upon what will undoubtedly prove one of the'hardest struggles in ' which" they have over been engaged . The- 'Times'' has already sounded the alarm to the Master Class , and commenced its usual unprincipled , unscrupulous , and calumnious misrepresentations when it has an object to gain . The conduct of the Messrs , Perby was highly lauded in its 'trade report' on Monday , and" the necessity of assisting them to defraythe great expenses of the prosecution earnestly urged upon employers generally . On Thursday the organ of
despotism , Dothm the political and industrial world had a leading article , conceived in tho most rabid spirit and containing a greater number of the most unblushing and thorough falsehood * than we ever before eavr comprised in the same number of lines . Its great object is to hold up the members of the Central . Committee , as trading agitators who make it their businesa to . foment discontent and quarrels between masters and workmen , and to interfere unaBked and uncalled for in Trades disputes . . For that purpose the ' Times ' asserts , that everything was going on most harmoniously in . Wolvei-hampton until the memberB of the Central Committee made their
appearance in that town , and Btirred up a quarrel , for their own selfish and vile objects . This i s agrosB and moBt . unfounded attack on these men—a foul and unmitigated . falsehood . The Central Committee , we can . Btate from Our Own personal knowledge , did not interfere until ftftw mvatuB of . correspondence with
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the Wolverhampton Tinmen , who themselves originated the new book of piiceB ,. and had been discussing it long before the appearance of a single member of the Committee in that town . So far from instigating the strik e or inciting the men to make a new book of prices , the Committee rather held back , and did not interfere until after repeated noli citations from the Tinmen themselves . When did at last
they comply with these solicitations , they acted in a conciliatory * moderate , aud peaceable spirit , which reflects the utmost credit upon them .. At the close of a protracted and exciting struggle , not a 6 inpj <> act of violence , nay , not even a harsh word has been proved against them . All that thev are guilty of , according to Mr . Justice Erle himself is , they ' persuaded' working men to aot together for the purpose of procuring a *
assimilation of wages . They be 1 ieved--and still believe—that to be legal , and until it is decided on a Writ of Error that it is illegal we shall remain of the same opinion . If fj j » ever prononnced not legal , we shall then say it ought to be '; and use our best effor ts to make it so . In the meantime the immediate and the ur gent duty of the Trades is clear . Hold meetings , elect committees , collect subscriptions
and act in concert with the Metropolitan Defence Committee . The dearest intereststhe most precious rights—nay , the very exi ~ tence of the labouring classes as freemen , are involved in this momentous struggle ; and we earnestly trust they will be found equal to the emergency , and achieve , by their united means and energy , a triumphant and an unequivocal victory for Labour .
' Since the above was written we find in tho ' Daily Kews' of Friday a leading article on the same subject , in which the question is argued on the opposite side in a respectful , though , as we think , mistaken manner . The working classes are neither sojgnorant nor so credulous as the writer believes them to be ; and whether their ideas of political economy-he right or wrong , they are the result of reflection and conviction We cordially concur , however , in the closing sentence of the article : — ' This is a very serious state of things ; it is happily however an evil for
which there ban easy remedy athand , and that is , theadmissiori of the true workmaninto political society , At present he is excluded ; and by his exclusion he is forced into these lines and into ignorance . ' Bestow the franchise on him , and you will give him an interest , deep and strong and personal , in the social system of which his order is the foundation ; you will raise his hopes , increase his self-respect , educato hig head , and improve his heart ; you will make him one of yourselves—and England needs no more . But keep him a Pariah much longer and you will rue the consequences .
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MONIES RECEIVED For thk Week Ending Thursday , . August 7 th , 1851 . THE HONEiTY FUND . . RECEIVED BY IT , EICEE , Hull , per G . Barnett .. .. o 10 C A Female Chartist , per ditto .. ., 0 1 C £ 0 ll ~ 0
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v . i <» Police Constables . —On Tuesday was printed ft return to the House of Commons , from wl » cn it appears that last year there were 2 , 595 constables in petty sessions districts . The anwH" * paid to the county police rate was £ 175 , 458 l ^ ' . ' The total expenditure in the year was £ lbofi [{ 1-0 s . 8 { d . for England , and the expenditure m Wales was £ 13 , 203 3 s . OJd .-roakiDg £ 200 , 004 3 s . -OJd , The large organ at Birmingham is fo rty-five ft « h ) £ b , ; thirty .-eight feet wide , and seventeen feet deep , lt . contains Beventy-eight stops and 4 , 062 pipes- ia ° largest-metal pipe stands in front of the case , ana « thirty-five feet three inches long , and nineteep *"" a half inches in diamelcr ; the largest wood P'P . " thirty-two feet long , and twelve feet four inchesi iu circumference . This organ was built by Mr . v : Hill , at a cost of JE 5 . 500 , for use at the ; TnW Masic Festival !) , the next of which will take p )» = JU 185 & ...
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BRUTAL CONDUCT OF " THE GOVERNMENT : IN ROME . . Mr . Gladstone ' s Neapolitan revelations have been followed by others respecting Rome from an equally Unexpected quarter . For some purpose , best known to its conductors , the : Times' has exposed to the world the manner in which the Papal Government administers 'justice' in Borne , and the hideous details amply justify the epithet of ' political savagery , ' , by which it characterises the conduct of that Government .
After disclosing ' the certain and summary process by which all who are obnoxious to those in power are convicted in secret of any crime that these rulers , may choose to allege against them , the Absolutist journal proceeds to . describe the places in which the Government of the Holy See confines its political prisoners . The Roman gaols are divided into cells eight feet eleven inches in length , seven feet seven inches in breadth , and seven feet ten inches in height . Two prisoners are shut up in each of these boxes , with little more air than is necessary for the consumption of one . It
is only , however , very formidable offenders , or very rich ones , who can bribe the keepers , to whom the privileges of a separate incarceration is conceded . The common class of prisoners are confined in one common room , ' where , ' to use the exact words of the ' Times , ' ' they lie day and night like negroes in a slave-ship , on Btraw too foul , for a stable . ' The gaoler has the power of flogging and fettering his prisoners at his discretion . In other apartments , designed to hold ten persons , twenty are now crowded by the pious and benevolent Government of Pio Nono . To each of these
there is but one single window , and that is so high that the , inmates can only obtain a rnouthful of air by mounting upon each others shoulders in turn . . Need we wonder that under such horrible treatment , in the space of a few days six prisoners died of starvation , two were put in irons for attempting suicide , and two carried , raving to a mad-house ? There are , however , worse horrors than these in the back-ground . Atrocious and unnatural crimes prevail among the criminal class , with whom the political prisoners are condemned to herd , and thereby to come . ia contact with
inexpressible pollution and infamy . The moral contamination-and torture is even worse than the physical suffering which must arise from thefdeprivation , of fresh air , or the degradation of being placed at the mercy of a brutal jailor . „ And yet that must be shocking beyond conception . At this time of the year the ordinary heat at Rome is ninety-nine degrees of Fahrenheit ; while at Algiers it is eightyrseven ; and in Calcutta and Batavia ninety-seven , Under such an
atmosphere every appliance of comfort and luxury is needed to make noon and night endurable , and the human frame is exhausted and prostrated , even when all these appliance fl are at command . What , then , must be the state of the prisoners , crowded together in the horrible way we have deeoribed ? Yet , in one gaol , according , to the vTimes , ' there are 400 , and in another 200 victims , now incarcerated over and above the ordinary number consigned to these prisons .- . .
The bare relation of these facts is enough . Comment would only weaken their force . They must cause one ' universal shudder of horror—one electric thrill of detestation over Europe—over the world . And this is the practical administration of a Government which claims , by its head , to be the vice-geren . t of God on / earth ; - ' Other Governments are more , or less secular in their principles ana policy ; but that of the Papal States is professedly and pre-eminently Christian . It is a Government of ecclesiastics . Its head is the arch-priest of the one true Church
—its actual administrators are ecclesiastical dignitaries and preachers of the only true Gospel of Christ , who cams to preact ' deliverance to the captive , and to set at liberty those that are bruised . The directors of the prisons under ' whose sanction and personal cognisance these atrocities are perpetrated , are two prelates of the Roman Catholic Church , and they are responsible to other prelates for the due performance of the functions entrusted to ihem , The Pope himself haB united , his Palace to the Black Holes by a covered passage , it is said , for the purpose of transporting persons who have excited his suspicions
secretly into the oubliettes of St Angelo , and toaffordhimtheopportunityofconvenientlywit . nessing and gloating in person over their sufferings . When he was expelled from Rome in 1848 light waslet in upon the dungeons of the Inquisition , and the bones of thousands of victims were discovered , who had been secretly put to death . Since his return he hasres " - tored the Inquisition , abolished during the short , but brilliant existence of the Bepnblic , under the guidance of the modern Rienzi Under the dominion of . the Vicar of Christ and his cardinals , bishope , and priests , Rome IB the ( daily theatre of the most revolting
barbarity ^ and atrocities . Well might the patriot Gavazzi say , 'Iprotest I have more respect for the Grand Llama of Thibet , as a more excusable object of blunt , downright homage from congenial and kindred barbarians , than for such argrim jumble of carnifex and pontifex , hangman and high priest , as the present occupant of the Yatican and the Castle of St . Angelo ( the arched causeway connecting palace and prison has just been rebuilt , ) presents to the nineteenth century . Must the barque of Peter be rowed by
galley slaves ? Must the fisherman ' s ring be the signet to the death warrant ? Must the ( unctions of Nero by performed by the successor , of his supposed victim ? They shpw you in Rome the Mamertine dungeon , where Catiline's confederates were immured ; where Jugubtha , Zbktobia , and a host of illustrious prisoners , were let down , Peter , they say , was thrown into that monumental cavity at the foot of the Capitol ; and the memory of minor captives is merged in the monopoly of marvel which that circumstance establishes for his prison-hole . '
J 852—fraught with terrible . revenges—is swiftly approaching . An avenging Nemesis will track the steps of these monsters in human form , and render unto them according to their acts . When that time comes let not the conservative and the absolutist press forget their own revelations , nor the bloody and pitiless deeds which may provoke an equally bloody and pitiless retaliation .
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WINDING-UP OF THE LAND COMPANY BECE 1 VED BY W . 1 UDEE . Sir . M ' Quinn , Edinburgh , per It . Buckett .. 0 1 o Mr . R . Burkett , Edinburgh .. ' .. 0 1 iy £ 0 2 0
NATIONAL CHARTER FUND . Received by John Aexott . —G . P . Tajlor , Kensington £ 1 —Hanky and Shilton , per E . Nixon 7 s 2 d—Alister , Edinburgh Is—Subscriptions for National Hall meeting jt 39 s —iiewcastle-upo ' n-Tyne , perG . Grant 6 s—Eugene Is Cd—Mr . Rider , as per' Star , ' —Total £ 5 5 s 6 d . FOR THE HUNGARIAN AND POLISH REFUGEES . . Received by John Abnott . —Dowlais " and Tenjdaren Iron Works , per II . C . ' Gs . ' 3 d . Received by W . Kideb , —Paisley , per J . Hatchiird £ 1 5 s . POLISH REFUGEES AT LIVERPOOL . Received by W . Hideb . —Received by thellverpoolOperative Committee , collected by the . Paragon Chapel , itother inthe . per J . Pearcey 10 » , •
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PACTS AND ^ INCIDENTS OP THE GREAT EXUIBITION . On Saturday £ lj 37 G was taken at the doors , and the nuinber of visitors amounted to 9 , 725 . The nuinber of season tickets disposed of on Monday realised the sum of £ 22 : The money taken at the doors from the other visitors amounted to £ 3 , 006 18 s ., making a total receipt of £ 3 , 028 18 b . The police returns makes the number of visitors
¦ The incident at the Crystal Palace oh Tuesday was the attendance in dense masses of those " Teetotallers" who have this week thronged from all parts of England into the metropolis in the pursu--ance of a half business like , half festive " temperance demonstration . " They assembted at about nine on Tuesday morning in Hyde-park , on the ground close to Apsley'House , and they thence walked in a Bemi-procedsion to the Crystal Palace , Their numbers were variously estimated , the teetotallers themselves guessing fifteen thousand , and sceptical police officers doubting if there were much mote than half that number . It is at least certain that they constituted the largest " teetotal" array
which the cause of teraperanco haseveryet collected together in this country . They consisted chiefly of the working classs , their wives and children , neat , clean , well dressed ; happy , and healthy-looking , and indicating in every way those orderly ' . habits which beyond question distinguish the devotees of ''total abstinence" Arrived at the Crystal Palace , they soon distributed themselves among its departments to revel in its wonders ; refreshing themselves , con amore ,, &t intervals , at the transept fountain , Besides these , there were the usual erowds of excursionists from the country , and throughout the day the building had the apnearancfl of beine well
filled . The police numbers give the attendance as 08 , 069 , and £ 3 , 247 19 a . was taken at the doors . GVEBKBBT AND ME GREAT EXHIBITION . — ThO Guernsey Star states that since the Crystal Palace has been opened nearly 3 , 000 persons from Guernsey have visited it already . At a moderate computation the Star estimates that they have spent nearly £ 11 , 000 in England . The population of Guernsey is 28 , 000 . The Provost of Greenock being urgently wanted in a committee-room of the House of Commons , a policeman was sent round the Crystal Palace , digplaying a printed placard on a pole— "The FrOTOSt of Greenoek wanted !"
The Daily Mivs says that among the ladies who visited the Great Exhibition last week was one who was so stout that none of the many entrances in tha transept were wide enough to adroit her , and site , consequently , had to enter through the door allotted to pianos and other heavy goods , at the west end of the building . Our country cousins seems to imagine that at length their time has come for witnessing the wonders of the Crystal Palace . The excursion traius from various parts of . the country are bringing them up in great numbers , : and on Wednesday they . - . certainjytformeda large proportion , if not an actual majority of the visitors . One Dleasing fea «
ture of the day was the number of scholars that were seen perambulating the building . The chil » drenofno less than fifteen schools were afforded this treat . Amongst them were forty-five from the national , forty from the free-school at Windsor ; sixty-nine from the Slough charity SCbOOl , ana ttaenty from the Countess of Aooyne ' s scdooI . at Orton Longueville , near Peterborough . The total number of visitors amounted to 59 , 139 , and the receipts at the doors were £ 2 , 833 4 s . Cd ., and from season tickets , £ 22 . On Thursday the receipts for season tickets amounted to £ 13 10 s . ; the receipts for admission ac the doors were £ 2 , 859 16 a ., making a total ot £ 2 , 873 6 s : From the police reports it appears that the nwaber of pevBona who entered was 60 , 068 .
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a ¦ ' THE NORTHERN STAR . i : ___ : ^ ^ :. Aumr ^ T 9 , 1 B 51 : t - .,. ..-- ¦•• - ¦ - ¦ ¦ * ¦ ' L- ¦ . j—jm ^ . ¦ ^ — ¦ M fflMW ^^ ™ —»— . ———^»—^^ j ^^^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 9, 1851, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1638/page/4/
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