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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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SUNRISE COMBS TO-MORROW . ( From a small-volume of Poems entitled 1 Reverberations . ) True it is that cloud and mist Blot the clear blue weather ; True that lips that once have kissed Come no more together . True that , when we would do good Evil often follows ; . True that green leaves quit the wood , Summers lose their swallows . True that we must live alone , Dwell with pale dejections ; True that we must often moan Over crashed affections .
Trne that Man his queen awaits j True that , sad and lonely , Woman , through her prison-grates , $ ees Ler tyrant only . True the rich despise the poor , And the poor desire Pood still from the r ich man ' s door Fuel frftiu his lire . ' True the pliant ^ -buf , if more truo , I would not deplore it , If an Eden fade trout view , Time may jet restore it . Evil comes and evil goes , But it moves me never : For the Good—the Good—it grows , . Buds and blossoms ever . Winter still succeeds to Spring ,
But fresh Springs are coming ; Other birds are on the wing , Other bees are humming . I have loved with right good will , -.- Mourned my hopes departed , Dreamed my golden dream , and still Am not broken hearted . ° What . if cherished creeds must fade 1 Faith will never leave us ; God preserves vrhat God has made—Nor can Truth deceive us .
Let in Light—the holy Light ! Brothers , fear it never ; Darkness smiles , and Wrong grows Eight-Let in light for ever ! Let in Light ! "When this shall be Safe and pleasant duty , Hen in common things shall see Goodness , Truth and Beauty .
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The Characteristic Features of some of the ; Principal Systems of Socialism . By E . V . KEAtE , Esq . London : Tupling , Strand . 2 lie Christian Socialist . Part IX . London Tnpling , Strand , 'Tracts ly Christian Socialists . Nos . VI ., VII ., VIII . London : Tapling , Strand . THIS list proves that the Christian Socialists are actively engaged in the propagation of their views through the medium of the press . Belonging , as the leading members of the
party do , to the educated and the professional classes , they are fully aware of the power of that mightiest of all modern powers , and they turn them to admirable use . It ia by a change of public opinion alone , that such a cbangeiu the principles and institutions of society as they advocate can be effectedj and in proportion to their influence over the minds and the affections of their fellow- citizens , "ttill the practical results of their labours become manifest .
We have , on various occasions , expressed the gratification we have experienced from the appearance and the perusal of the writings of this new school of Socialists . It is not without its defects . Among those the most prominent is a tendency , in doctrine , towards Sectaliauiem , and to lay too much stress upon particular Ecclesiastical systems , as contradistinguished from religion . But this tendency is , upon the whole , tolerably ' well counteracted by the catholicity of the writers , and scarcely deserves mention , compared with the undoubted good they are doing by familiarising their own class with the facts , opinions , and principle which constitute the staple of Christian Socialist' literature .
For instance : the balk of the wealthy and Comfortable' classes can have scarcely any idea whatever of Socialism in the abstract , except that at the best it is very Utopian , visionary , and impracticable in its proposals ; and that even where you admit the good intentions of its amiable but deluded , propounders , any attempt to carry their systems into effect would lead to wholesale spoliation , immorality , blasphemy , and anarchy . It has been the habit of all sections of the British
rrcas to associate Socialism with everything crude , impracticable , irreligious , and mischievous / and the bulk of readers who take their opinions on trust , have , of course , with unresisting-passivity , imbibed the ideas thus habitually incalculated . This constituted one of the strongest barriers to the progress' of the new social philosophy among those classes , without whose cordial appreciation and assistance any general or permanent Introduction of new societarian institutions will
be impossible . To these classes the appearance of such a book as Mr . Neale ' a lecture on ' the characteristic features of some of the Principal Systems of Socialism * will have all the effect of a revelation . They will find that a scholar and a gentleman—a man of fortune and family , and of high professional standing , who haB everything to lose , and nothing to gain by ' anarchy * and 'levelling , ' so far from considering that these socialistic schemes are dangerous , and ought never to be named to ears polite , treats them > ith a patient and discriminating , analysis arid criticism ; the result of which we have'in the lecture , ' and
which , if read with the attention it deserves , will moat undoubtedly prit to flight ' the gorgons and chimera ' s dire , * conjured up by the ignorant and mendacious scribes of the newspaper and periodical press . Li fact , though the pamphlet is a . very br ief one—a merit in many cases , and , perhaps , peculiarly so in this—we do not recollect any single work in which the essential features of St . Simonianism , Fourierism ,
and Owenism , with that -variation of the latter introduced by Mr . Greaves , called 'Sacred Socialism , ' are so accurately and so satisfactorily pourtrayed . With Mr , Neale ' 8 lecture in his hands , the student who may desire" to learn more of a new philosophy , which , we have no doubt , is ultimately destined to change the whole face of society , has a trusty guide and hand toot , which will be of the utmost service to him ; while those who have been accustomed to see Socialism dressed as a
3 peciesof « raw head and bloody bones , will find sufficient in its pages to undeceive them . As a 'Christian Socialist , ' Mr . Neale tans criticises the various systems he passes under review : *— . ' ; Socialism , as I conceive it , is es 3 entially the expression of the feeling of the brotherhood of all men ^ Mong each other . -But , as brothers become such ]> y being the offspring of a common parent , Socialaa » has , as its natural foundation , the belief of the r elation of all men to God as to their Common fatiier , whom they" regard' with reverential but Elicit trust , while , on the other hand , it involves *» earnesteftorton tftepart of thoaewhoacfcHOW *
l 8 % e this relation to secure to each other all feflwsite facilities for the harmonious development Wthe faculties , with which they are severally en-Jtojred ; to guarantee to' each a full participation in MeeDjojmentswhTc&thegoodneaii of Godhas at * ^ fitted to our earthly existence , and t © treat each < Uier with that friendly deference which true affecr - ° n inspires ; jthus proving themselves , brothers in ^ ed . not only in name . 2 Jow , each of the systems *> which I have called jocr attention famishes a 'finable contribution to the complete expression of
? -eor other of the different positions which Sooiall 5 ra . if thus conceived , Involves . The hierarchical * ptemof St . Simon / grew out of the proposition " at the Hnitj of the human race arises from their Wuimon relationship to > Divine Father , while it Vas intended as the means of securing to each the Power of developing and exercising au the faculties With which he was endowed , and participating in t ? enjoyments which would thus be placed within jj ! 3 reach .- Fourier assumes as the foundation of ^ sy stem an unbounded trust hi the wisdom and goo dness of the Divine' Parent of maoMudi while
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hts combinations of series supply the machinery by which the harmonious developmentairdactiveexeruwe Otthe faculties of each member of the human wee should be secured . and furnish the key to the solution of the most difficult problem with which bocialism as a practical system has to deal . ' the means of convertin g alllabour from a toil into a pleasure , and thus annihilating the gulf which in the world of unorganised labour for ever separates rich from poor . The Socialism of Mr . Owen has the merit , and it is not small , of bringing prominently forward the unselfish bases of all Arue Socialism , by proposing as the principle of union an absolute community of property , an absolute equality of the outward means of enjoyment , an unhis nnmltinntinne nP <¦«_ :.. i Ti TI ^!
conditional surrender of those personal possessions on which wo at present set such undue value , ' and of which we make so unsocial a use , Mr . ' Owen would remove the temptation to this abuse by removing the subject matter in which it arises . He would effect by the law" of the society that which according to my idea of the true social constitution should bo left to the voluntary action of the individuals composing it , and in so doing would , as I believe , arrest the intellectual progress of mankind , and interfere with that natural training for social virtue which the parental relation supplies . ' Communism seems to me aa much to overstep the true province of law in its social aspects , as our present individualism falls short of those limits . Still it
must never be forgotten that the unselfish readiness to work for ethers as much as for ourselves j the spirit which finds an utterance in the well-known formula "de ckaeun sehn ses capacity a chacun selonsesiesoins ; ' * this feeling , of which Communism is intended to be the expression , is the true ideal of all Socialism . The social principle indeed requires , in my judgment , a readiness to award advantages to other men in proportion to the benefits we di-rive from their exertions , but it equally demands of us not to claim any superiority of advantage ourselves . God gives us all our powers freely , and freely we should be willing to use them for the good of our fellows . . . , " ' -- ' .. ' . Lastly , as the Communism of Mr . Owen , ex « presses the state to which , in proportion as men Are
actuated by social feeling , they will voluntarily tend , as does the Socialism of Mr . Greaves point to the feeling which lies at the botton of this Communism ; namely , the greater value to be' set on the physical , intellectual , and moral attainments of men than on their outward possessions , and theimportance to each individual of maintaining a chastened spirit of self-control as the perennial spring of that trustful cheerfulness and active goodness which Socialism should produce . . The remarks which I have made upon the systems oi the Social Reformers with whom we have been occupied to night , must serve as my justification for claiming the epithet Christianas the proper distinctive adjunct to Socialism , and calling upon all
Socialism' to announce itself as Christian , if it would be at once truly social and historically just . We have in these systems the theories of four independent , fearless , original minds , earnest in their own views , propounding them as exclusively the truth on the questions to which Socialism relates . Now if we are not to commit ourselves to any one of these teachers alone , if we assume that each one saw some side or portion of social truth ; if , therefore , we are to seek for a principle which shall harmonise them among " themselves ; I know not where we 6 hall find one unless we accept as true th-ii profound saying of the gospel , which I select as pre-eminently expressive of the tone of many others of the Christian precepts : "Except ye become as little children ye cannot enter into the Kingdom of God , " For consider what , according to
these several authors , Socialism demands ;—A tear * less trustfulness towards God , a readiness to be guided by our natural superiors , a disposition for enjoyment , a general feeling of interest in the objects around us , an absence of the pride of outward distinction , a readiness to be satisfied with the exercise of our powers as such without troubling ourselves as to the reward ; all these are qualities which according to one or other of our Socialist philosophers , are to make up true Socialism . And do not these constitute the very essence of childhood in its healthy manifestations , that is the essence of that character which" Christianity eighteen centuries since declared to be an indispensable condition of man ' s true well being ? I say . then , if as Socialists we would be just , we must acknowledge Socialism to be the offspring of Christiauity .
The ' Christian Socialist * ia the weekly organ of the party , and contains interesting notices of the progress of the bodies in connexion with the 'Society for Promoting Working Men ' s Associations , * intelligence of associative and co-operative progress at home and abroad , essays , correspondence , and original articles , elucidatory of the views entertained by the conductors , and the party of which it ia the special organ . In the present part a tale called , the 'Nun ' s Fool , ' is commenced from the powerful and graphic pen of the author of Alton Locke , ' which promises to be full of interest , and the incidents of which occur at the period when the royal wifekiller undertook the reformation of the Church in England—an object which it may be fairly assumed was secondary to plundering it .
In the tracts before us we find some valuable truths admirably told . That on Prevailing Idolatries , ' No . 6 , is deserving of the widest possible circulation , as touching the y eryiootof the difficultioB by which we are surrounded , and laying bare , with a skilful but firm hand , the . shams and pretences by which , in the midst of superabundant means , to produce universal wealth , prosperity , and contentment , the people of this country are made and kept poor , miserable , and vicious . From this tract we conclude our notice . The analysis are palpable and striking ;—
-"When the lightning fires the hut of a savage who has just wit enough to feel that there are beings mightier than himself—he sees in his misfortune but the wrath-stroke of a Thunder-God , whom , perhaps , in future he willsfcrive to appease by timely r ites and sacrifices . The Mussulman , again , struck by the like disaster , wili be found humbling himself in passive resignation before the will of God , never dreaming that , the mighty powers of nature are to be overcome by man . Yet . in some countries of Europe or America , every child almost will tell you that a rod of metal would have averted that destruction , by securing a channel for what . he has learned to term the electric fluid or force ; and the mere mention of the event will probably callup the recollection of those achievements of modern science which have made the savage ' s Thunder-God humbly
to obey man's bidding , so as to fetch and carry for him the most trifling and the most solemn messages with unheard-of rapidity , through earth , ' air , or water , from one end of the globe , if need be ,-to the otber . In his conquering progress through the realm of nature , man , in our days , has tamed and subdned the giant powers of steam , gas , electricity , light , far more thoroughly than of old the beasts of tbe field ; harnessing one to Ills car , making another his torch-bearer , a third his messenger , a fourth his draughtsman . Are these to be bis last conquests ? Are tbere no worlds remaining unsubdued ? In the realm of society are there no firegods or gods of darkness before whom we heathenishly worship ? no giant powers which yet UaBt and crush us , and of whose workings the most pioua seem only able to say in mere Mahommedanfatalism , It is the will of God ? . . :
tfe are not satisfied unless the gas . pipes , carried through every street , make day of night throughout erery town of England . Are we to remain satisfied whilst society is parcelled out into darkness and light , as really as the period of earth ' s revolution round her axis , whilst a few privileged classes live asitwerein the full day-glare of publicity , or in the mellow twilight of comfort , and the masses on the other hand grope unheeded in almost unbroken night , save when some writer goes forth to thread the gloom , his paper-lantern in his band ? How often have the correspondents of the Morning Chronicle on Labour and the Poor , waxed eloquent over the difficulties , over the newness- of tfeeir task ? And-even to the transient / fitful light shed by them across a portion of
the thick outer darkness , how few eyes yet are open , how few are yet able to receive it ! The rich , man going forth . among the working classes is truly like one who steps forth into the street at' night from the glare of a ball room . Of the want and hunger / of the sufferiug and brutality that wander or cower in the darkness , his dazzled eyes now refuse to bear him witness ; now , may be , exaggerate thegUuV meringhow ? oi'softhesight ; Do wenotneedathorough and constant lightingup of the night-side of English society ? Is there no . power to be discovered and applied for this purpose ? And when people mutter in reply commonplace ? about the one half of the world riot knowing how the other half live , what
are they but worshippers before the shrine of some God of Night ? Why is the ' whole machinery of retributive justice to be set on foot , if one wretch stabs another , to investigate every circumstance of the crime , and yet thousands are to perish slowly of bad air , bad food , starvation wages , without scarcely ever an inquiry ? Why is a poor man to tramp through the country in search of work , unable to learn even from one parish toanother , except by aBking on the spot , what is the demand for labour , and what are the wages given , —whilst horse-races , " cricket , and rowing matchesare duly chronicled in print ; whilst the fluctuation of consols affords a suflicientstaple for tbe second edition of a London journal , and all wholesale prices at every market of
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any importance reach the merchant at his home Or counting-house every rooming ? Why is not labour , to have its acknowledged markets , its regular / publicity ? Is not the rate of wages in the meanest English-hamlet a subject of greater importance to the English people than iiny quotation of Alabama State Stocks or Spanish Passives ? Are we to wait in order to see our way in this darkness of the . labour-world till it lights up with an explosion' ? ' . : ' [ -I ; ; : * - .: ;; .- _ ; . - .:, ¦ ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ ¦ :. Again , when electricity was discovered to be a force subject to definite laws of action , and the lightning to be only one of the manifestations of that force , —did men rest satisfied with tne discovery . ? Was it even enough to have shielded the dwellings of their fellowa against the storm ? Did ^
not other discoverers arise , and boldly make use ol that very foree for . purposes of . human fellowship , so as to " annihilate space , " asthe hacktieyed phrase is . by means , of the electric telegraphi ; at all events , so as to convert distance of spaoe into nearness of time between man and man ? And'are not hundreds of busy brains still at every moment , in all pa ' rts ' of the world , scheming new applications of electro-magnetism' ? 'And the more tne powers of nature g row ' upon our opening sense , do we not see the more that they ar « powera destined for our service , apt instrnmentE of all good in the hands of those who understand and wisely . wield them , only destructive to-those" who mistake -them , flistrust them , play tlV 8 'slave before them , forget man ' s holy mission as king of Cod ' 8 earth under his
Father a eye ? Then why is it , that worshipping no Thunder-God , so many pf-us still fall down and worship before the grim idols of Famine , Pauperism , Speculation ? Why is it that the wise who have traced these effects io . their , causes , who have investigated the laws of political economy , and are able to lay down as an axiom that " wagea depend upon the demand and supply of labour , "have done 'yet nothing or next to -nothing for" the application of those lavs even to purposesof social preservation far less of social advancement ? Uay . how is it that the very discovery of those laws has but given a new [ name to the old idolatry ,- and that grown , up Englishmen and Frenchmen of the nineteenth century as blindly worahip supply , and demand , as if a student of physios were to worship the
Leyden-Surely I ' exaggerate nothing . A man earns one shilling a day by labour , whilst it would cost him one shilling and sixpence to keep up the strength requisite for that labour . Good people think it quitehumble and Christian to Bay . ?• It is the will of God ; " perhaps to add a little in charity to those inadequate wages ; at all events bid him to be content with hja lot , and pass : oh , perhaps to return again with more bread-tickets . The economist in due tune passes by , inquires into the reason , —finds that it is because there are a dozen men wanting the same employment ^—expresses the result in a scientificform : ¦«« The supply exceeded the demand —the price © f labour fell . Aye , just as the electric fluid struck the house , and it was burned . But
why should the supply exceed the demand , my nend ? Why should the electric fluid strike the house ? What if there might be a conducting rod , down which the death-dealing force should pass safely ? What if the force in itself were capable of benefit instead of death , if properly handled ? aye , and of all prodigiousness of good . And do you not feel it to be so in reality ? Ig there anythitig more monstrous ; more self-repugnant , more fit to make those who see nothing beyond , doubt of all things in earth and heaven , — than that supply ; supply of anything save poison or gunpowder , or some other form of . death itself , should ever be a cause of ruin ? That one class
should be ruined when there is too much corn ; another when there is too much sugar ; . another when there is too much calico ; a fourth when there is too much labour ; and that at last one even should complain when there is , too much money ? Too much corn , with the- shrieks oflrish famine still raging m our ears ! > Too much sugar , with every child in Christendom crying out for more , ' TOO much calico , with half the world unclad Bavages Too much labour , with fifteen millions of acres of waste lands -at-home , and whole half continents abroad scarce tenanted by roaming barbarians ! Too much money , - when to make money is the absorbing pursuit of well nigh-all 1-
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The English Republic . No . 8 . London Wataon The present number opens with a paper from Mazzini , entitled 'God , ' the second of a series on « the Duties of Man . ' We need not teir those who are " " acquainted with the writings of the noble Triumvir how admirably it is written , or that . it is instinct with the genius and purity of thought which characteriees all that comes from his pen , While to those who have been led by the Btupid and vile calumnies of the Absolutist press to regard Mazzini as anti-religious , and anarchical in
spirit and purpose , we could not commend any more certain correction of the error into which they have been led than a perusal of this article . No doubt those who think that priestianity and Christianity are identical will be horrified by it ; , but Mazzini is too religious to he of the religiop of the priests , and we hope that the people wijl in time learn from hiB vivid and . loving tuition to ' believe in God the Father , Intellect and Love , Creator &Dd Educator of Humanity , ' and to join in that work of ' emancipation and progressive development , ' to promote which is the peculiar
mission of the writer .. An . article on the 'Direct Sovereignty of the People '—a topic to which we have more than once recently directed attention ^ shows conclusively that the principle is not a new one , as M . Eettinghausen supposed , but was laid down by Eonseeau ninety years ago , and adopted by the Jacobin Convention of 1793 , though it did not thoroughly carry it out . The other articles are distinguished by . the same uncompromising —perhaps bitter and defiant tone , which has been one of the prominent features of the periodical since its commencement . Mr .
Linton has no mercy fpr the weaknesses of humanity , or the expediences of { an extremely artificial and complicated state of society , with all the diverse and conflicting influences which thence arise to operate on the will of individuals . ¦ ( Whoever is not for us is againBt U 8 , 18 his motto ; and -as ' teetotalersiaiwayB strike hardest at moderate drinkers , so does Mr . Linton lay on moBt lustily upon those who approach nearest his own political creed but who , either irotn want of conviction or , other caueesfail to go the full . length he does .
So far from complaining of this , we believe it to be , not only creditable to the individual , but highly useful to society . There is , unfortunately , too great a tendency to tamper with pripciplesr-to . ' . run with the hare . and hold with the ' hound ;' , and we are all the better for the utterances of an earnest , extreme , and unswerving mind , who in the spirit of the ancient Israelite has Bworri , « As for me and my . house we ' will serve the trnth and the Eepublic' We therefore wish success to the labours of ; Mr . Linton and his colleagues .
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Tait s Edinburgh . . Magazine , for August . London : Simpkin , Marshall , & Co , This is one of the most readable and instruc * tive numbers of this popular magazine we have seen for some time . It is opened by a spirited pleading for ' the legal and authoritative settlement of that secular and unsectarian ayBtem of tUe Scottish UniversitieB , which has in times past made them so useful , in spite of the existence of testa oppoBed to the free spirit of the age ... As these tests are either practicaily inoperative , or , when enforced , produce hypocrisy or public injury , the sooner they can
be totally abolished , the better for all parties . " Craigallen Castle' * increases in interest with each number , while under the heads of *• Eastern Travels of the Season , " and "The Goth and the H un ^ ' we have spirited abstracts of some of the popular publications of the day ; The latter is an especially interesting paper on the recent ' " struggle for Hungarian independence . " The - Vault House . Bell , "; i 8 a capitally told ghost story , which ends as it ought to do ; and " The Bishops and their Incomes , "jis a story which
Bhowsupa neBt of , monstrous corruption and shameless roDbery , - which , ought not to be permitted to . scaudaliae the Christian world . From the . very interesting series of papers under the head of the " Working Man's Wa ; in the World" we take the following description of the barricades , and the Revolution of 1830 . How soon the same scenes maybe reenacted in the streets of Paris , no one knows . In . 1830 , Charles the 10 th was dr iven into exile , but the people were mocked with the monarchy of Louis Philippe instead of the Kepublic they fought and bled for . In 1848 they
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rtSS ? ^ f IIe ( i - " Cit 5 Zen . King » fromhis throne ; but they have gotonly a nominal / and they want a veritable , ¦ Republic in its place . S" » t S 6 ener _ ; ^ whetyil ' - tol an < WT is Satined to continue or T nm nn , ¦ T . HBVOLUTlbk , OF . i 830 . ' . ' ' . ' gloru ? u 3 D day e a 0 f ^ . ^ f ^ Wstpry of the three nfpnfif . il fn-. I - . ^ ' F « nch revolutions are so I shaH h ? ° « c ° llection of modern readers that which ail w ) , readll y 8 pared the' « cital of events knoJ vLn ° are ; torecur , toat this time of day h " vetostL ° ^ y ^^ . ^ o : look for ; ' What I *?'" f ! m Tel ^ on to them is just whafc 15 '
. . conwa ^ r' ^ ^^ - ^^^ Formvown ? ««* - «« M « ion , I am acquainted . « £ L % ? ul > l musfc confe 8 S that , notwithb ^ ufonrn . ^™ 5 " ^ received » theRerolation an «„ amellk ? a thunder-olap , and overthrew bdSuC rTi * as ° J Pari 8 ian wMy- ™ SS SSmm" of ^* £ Wf ' * i ° * W 38 on the E ? f d « 2 7 th ,-when , returning homewards li £ t , f Y Ue du Te » P' » . I was turned bacH from a hort cut i w anted t 0 . M dndadvi 8 e ^ t ^ & J * > " *• ¦ ^ aUOtier direction , aS ; a barricade was formine in mv . / nnth 7 h ^ nn » n ..
neard orbar « cade 3 , since ' so familiar in French srory , ana was some tiino before I could compre-S 7 rfh tWJ i f S ' On caching the ^ ont hadsoSfffl ^ "i QotheQuai aes Augustms , ) I had some difficulty from the crowd in crossing the b"dAe ' from the" centre of ; which I witnessed a Sligdt fracas between- the populace and the troops « ni ^ JT . ? fading ; to the Tuileries : the sqlfliers did not fire , however , buty advancing slowly with leyeltayonets , turned the mob in another direction . When' I got at lehgth to ~ my lodgings , I encountered . Jf , who wa ! uneasily pacin | my room , where he had been waitiner an aee . he said
w see me ... All his republican blood : was on fire , and every interest in life had vanished , save the interest-of the French Revolution , which he declared had begun , and would prove the dawn of a new era of liberty for the world . I was amazed at his frantic enthusiasm , and he not less so at my almost perfect indifference . His object in calling on me was to induce me to asssist him in gathering a body of our countrymen , whom he said might collect together -ia the course' of the night , and who might signalise themselves and render good service ia the cause of freedom . I declined'having anything to do with such an unprofitable speculation , and when asked' my reason ' , frankly avowed my decided aversion to close intimacy with cold
steel or not lead , especially when nothing was to be got by it . . I spoke with the utmost sincerity , as I really felf " the full force of the reasoning of Shakspeare ' e fop , who , "but for those vile guns , would himself have been a soldier . " " Were it a bout of fists or staves , " said I , " I should have leas objection ; . but I really '> have no inclination , . not witiistanding my regard for you , to set myself up as a target for the benefit of the Frenchirepublic —if it is to be a republic , of which I am not at all certain . " H « assured mo that it must be arepublic—that nothing else ' could follow the triumph of the people , which was inevitable ; and that , France once a republic on a settled and stable foundation , would draw all the nations of Europe
after her , Britain not excepted . In the'hope 6 f diverting his attention from a subject on which I saw . he was too much excited to . reason calmly , I inquired for his wife and children . > He said he . had placed them in a place of safety , and bidden them farewe | l--p 6 rKap 8 for 'ever . The interests of the cause he Had ' embraced vrere , if not dearer to him than they , ' of more importance to humanity than they to him or he to them , and to those interests he had devoted himself . When he found that I would take no active part , he asked if I would ob > lige'him in anotber way , and ; upon my assenting , said perhaps he would put me to the test ; then taking the addresses of such of our old companions as I could remember , he took his leave , I saw that ,
though angry at my determination , he had foreseen it , and was not greatly disappointed . I walked put in the cool of the evening , and endeavoured to get to the Palais Royal , where there had been fighting in the afternoon , but was prevented by the builders of a barricade in the Rue St . Honore , who compelled me to assist in the labour of digging up the paving-stones and cr . mmihg them into a water-cart , one end of which had been slaved in . I worked at this employment for an hour ; and then , fearing another similar engagement , returned home . That desperate measures were resolved on was too plain to be doubted and
I retired to my domicile with the' conviction that something tremendous was at band . Here I found a note from N—— , requesting : to see me immediately at the Rue Git le Cour . I went to the address indicated—there being no impediments—and found hiroi witb ' . a , number of others , ' some old acquaintarices , employed in melting lead , casting bullets , and cutting slugs " three picas ! thick " for want of sufficient bullet moulds . I was requested to lend a hand in the good work ; and not thinking it proper to object to this department of war , I remained till dawn casting and trimming musket-balls for the use of the patriots .
I went , jto bed early on the morning of the 28 th to dream of " battle , and murder , and sudden death , '' and awoke at a late hour with the opportunity of w , itne 8 sing the verification of mv dream if I chose . My landlord had not opened his shop , but had disappeared early in the day . I had to get my own breakfast , the garoon , ' too , having vanished ; after which , not being able to rest at home , I was about to sally out in the direction ' Of the dI 8 « taut shouting and rattle of musket-sbots , when I mard the measured tread of soldiers in the rear of
my dwelling . I ran up stairs and mounted to the top of the house , where , much to my astonishment , I found the missing garoon , surrounded by a Store of bricks , stones , broken bottles , and other condiments of tbe sort , with which he was prepared to pepper the soldiery as soomaa they came' within shot ; As it happened ,. to my intense satisfaction , he had no use for them . The advancing column crossed the Pont Neuf , and were immediately received on the other side with a volley of similar collectanea , liberally administered from every roof and window . A few shots were fired , whether by them in return I could not make out . They plainly took more care , to avoid the compliments they were met with than to resent them , They proceeded to the Hotel de Yille , and after a few minutes' fighting , which I could hear distinctly enough , though I could see nothing , they drove out the insurgents .
I passed a miserable and anxious day . Wretched within , doors , where , from rQstlesaness , I could neither act nor reflect , and apprehensive and bewildered without , a thousand times 1 wished myself , a Frenchman , or that'l was a hundred miles away . The noise of the tiring , ' : tbe' distant roar of a sea of angry sotods , continued almost without intermission the whole day . 'The tvi-colour flag was hoisted in various quarters , and waved gallantry from the summit of Notre Dame , while the tocsin pealed incessantly . " Late in tho afternoon the troops took up a position on the quay between the Pont Neuf and the Pont des Arts , where , being backed by buildings belonging to the government , they were exempt from the contributions of
lumbering sundries every where rained upon their heads by the citizens . No serious attempt was made by the populace to dislodge them ; but in the course of the night they i * etired into the Louvre . The fighting seemed to have ceased as . by common consent , about ' sunset' ; "and the' tumultuous outcries had sunk to a subdued a ' nd ' ominous murmur —an unintermitting stream of dull , ¦ portentous sound , without a pause . Aa it grew dark I shut myself up in my room , ' and , having tasted nothing since the morning , began rummaging my cupboard fori provisions . I had just laid some bread and preserves , sour cheese and a bottle ol bear on the
table , when . 'in bounced N- —in a'bath of perspiration , swathed in a blue blouse , and black as Erebus with dust , dirt , 'and . gunpowder . - He bad been fighting all the morning in the Hue St . Antoine , in company with a . lot of brave fellows , heisaid , who held life as nothing in tbe cause of liberty . They had defeated the French general , and repulsed a heavy column of troops by au incessant and deadly fire , with but a comparatively trifling low to : the . patriots . "I am come to you , " saidhe , " for refreshment . There has been littleeatiDg and drinking among us to-day ; and I would not touch what our starving band wanted more than I did . "
I pointed to the vianda , which he attacked with a true republican appetite . ¦ M Think of that infernal braggart , E S ! " said he . - I found him , by-your direction , last night , and he . mouthed , and talked big , and promised to meet us at the rendezvous , and I gave him the pass ; but the scoundrel never came . I -called again to-night on my way to you , Nobody had seen him all day . I mounted « w troisieme , and knocked at his doorv ftot " a sound in return . I peeped through the key-bole ; , the key is in the lock . The beggarly , jkunk . baa locked himself in the dark The window-shutters are closed ; toe wretch ia in bed , 8 haking : with fear : I beard him turn and gasp ffifchaffright ! Faugh ! " , .
¦ " You forget , " said I ; " that be is Beven men in one . ' , You surely can't expect the proprietor of seven , languages , and of a world of accomplishments bofltde , toexi » ose the casket of such precious treasures to the chanceB of war ? " \ " Bah I" he returned , " this is no time for joking . Let him rot , . 1 would break in and unkennel him ; but the hours are too precious , = By the way , have you seen anything of Dick D ? There ' s tbe metal of a man in that boozy little blockhead , after all . lie has been out at the . work ,- but missed us somehow , I could not teach the dolt to pronounce the pass , and bo consigned him . to the care ¦ of Franks . I fancy both found the means of guzzling somewherei for Franks showed without him , and wasnotiober enough to give any account of hie companion . That scarred old trump has not opened his lips tae whole day save to admit a canridgOi
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fiie - young fellows are infatuated with his u ^ lit . *^ and nonchalance . But I must be up and doW there is no time to lose . " ; = >¦ ' Won't you rest ? An hour or two ' s sleep-. " "Not a wink till tho work is done . If you choose to come with me you shall see something worth looking &p \ What say you "? "' , '• ; . . "I have noobjection , if I may rely on your safe conduct . " : ' "That you may , and shall have it . Come . " 1 doffed my coat in obedience to his instructions , and put on a blouse in which I had been used to work at case . We descended the stairs , and proceeding along the quay to the secret depot of the night before , vrere admitted at a signal given by my companion . ' It was a sort' of cellar , hot as an
oven , and- crammed with fellows naked , like the bakera of Paria , to the waist , making bread , as they termed it , for ' military digestions ; or , in other words , casting bullets for tbenext day ' s operations . ft- ' ¦ was enthusiastically received , and introtroduced me as a , friend to the cause . We made but a brief stay ; and each charging biwgeJf With & COUple Of bags Cf shot slung over his shoulders witli straps beneath the bl 0 U 96 , set off to consign these indispensable provisions to the caterers for the banquet of the morrow . The ni ht was glorious—clear , starry , and snlen . QIQ ; beyond ^ deseripiion ; and a light refreshing breeze displayed the flag of freedom as it curled and undulated gracefully in the quiet sky . We crossed the narrow bridge to the church of Notre JJame , and' leaving that to the right passed over Pont d Acole to the '^ uai de la Grevo , and theilce through sundry tortuous windings to the Hue St
. Antoine , to the spot where the victorious stand had been made against tho troops of the line . Everywhere barricades met the eye , either completed or m course of construction , and at every barricade TO were challenged by sentinels , who , with arms in hand , kept scrupulous watch . We had but to show our burdens to be received with a very significant welcome , and assisted over the ungainly Obstacles in our path . Upon arriving ^ t the spot where the affray had been hottest , atthe rear of a barricade near the Place de la Bastile , the sight of many lying dead , and the dismal groans of wounded men , in a great measure cowed the enthusiasm I was beginning to feel . . Some of the supposed dead men , however , began to move and stretch their
limbs ; they reiieved my mind considerably by their yawning , and gave me reason to hope that the casualties had not been so numerous as I feared . From the writhings and groans of two poor fellows who lay on a pallet in an open doorway , I made up roymind that it was better to be killed than badly wounded in affairs of the sort , and-further came to the conclusion . that 1 had done right in declining therisk of either .. N relieved me of my burden of bullets , which , as it Weighed near a quarter of a hundred weight , I was nothing loth to lose , and proposed that if I did not choose to remain , which lie would not press , he should conduct me home again by a different route . I asked him what was his candid opinion of the prospects of the natriots .
" Four hours ago , " said he ,, " I had some ; doubts of the issue ; now I have none . The work , in fact , is already done . The troops are disheartened and disgusted ; there are many of them who have not fired and will not fire a shot against us . They have abandoned the advantages they had won ; and , ensconced in three or four central positions , wait only to be driven out by our combined attack . There are ' some thousands of barricades already up , and thousands more will bo finished in the morning ; and you will see there will hardly be occasion for a dozen of them . " I offered to leave him with his warlike comrades , and return by myself , as I could see no danger in so doing ; but he preferred accompanying me , and we set off together in a north .
westerly ; direction , making fevy slow progress , however , from the frequent ¦ challenges we encountered , ' and the barricades , moat of which we had to surmount . It was altogether a novel , curious , and ominous scene . For the greatest part of our route the whole adult population seemed to have assembled in the narrow inclosures formed by the barricades . The utmost silence compatible with the utmost activity prevailed . Men and women , haggard age and robust youth , wrought together at their strange employment with a vehemence and celerity that seemed to monopolise every faculty of mind ' and body . Under tae direction of the grim and grizzled old soldiers ^ of the empire , and animated by the
example of the students and well-dressed youth of the capital , they dug and hewed , and sawed and hammered , and piled and built' in decorous' order by the ; light Of flaming tOMheS without parley or questioning . Here a group assembled round a flambeau blazing over a blacksmith ' s anvil were seen repairiug muskets and carbines ; and there a little squad of grinning gamins , who had got possession of an antique rusty bayonet of a century or tvro ' s date , were mounting it upon a shaft yet green from the country-side . Wherever we went , the scene , though differing in detail , was . the same in character . The swelling murmur that , like the distant roar of angry ocean , never for an instant ceased , challenged tbe ear to recognise its utmost limits , and " gave dreadful note of preparation "
lor & strife plainly destined to be decisive , After something more than an hour ' s -walking and scrambling we found ourselves in the vicinity of the Mhvche des Ianocens , at a spot where the troops had suffered severely from the tempest of tiles , stones , and heavy masses hurled upon them from the roofs of a lofty and narrow thoroughfare . Several crushed and lifeless bodies lay heup ^ d tO ' gothei' in the sliaddow of a tall building , and three badly bruised and wounded men lay languishing on rude couches under the care of women—the wives and mothers of their antagonists . Thence we made our way to the Pont au Change , where I took leave of my companion , ' and , _ crossing both bridges , returned to my lodging , and , wita my mind made up as to the results of the coming conflict , to Led , and at "last to sleep . .
. 'All the world knows how-tba-bloody game was pliiyed out and won on the 29 th ; how the third clay of the devolution rewarded the gigantic exertions of the second , and avenged tho insulting aggressions which characterised the first . The day of popular vengeance had come , and , what rendered its triumph terribly sure , every patriot knew it , and was eager to inflict his share . Along the same routes followed by the troops of yesterday poured the angry masses of to-day ; Headed by the students of law and physic , on came tbe multitudinous bodies of successful combatants against an army of hireling opponents , who individually bore them no ill-wilJ , and who , famished and worn out with fatigue , promised but a feeble resistance . The
multitude that , abandoning their cherished barricades , swarmed : over' the bridges ' and through a thousand avenues upon the Louvre and tho Tuileries , by mere momentum alone might have driven their antagonists from the city . They were received by a smart firing , but the reception they met with was the cold and formal effort of duty and discipline , hardly of determined hostility , niucb less of enthusiastic valour . The Louvre was first carriedj the sudden abandonment of which originated a panic among the defenders of the TuilerieB . Confusion , almost amounting to a perfect rout , speedily followed , which might have ended in a massacre of the troops but for the valour and coolness of the Swiss in the gardens , who effectually covered the
retreat . The people , having , in the consciousness of their irresistible strength , refused an armistice and disdained a parley , where , before the close of the day i conquerors on all sides ; and now it remained to see . whatthey had ^ got by"it ; " Nobody ,. however , yet knew that the business oi fighting was over . It was ' thought that the king , who during-the tbree days had been amusing himself with cards and masses—short rubbers and long prayers—at St . Cloud ' , might at , length wake , up , and , by marching troops and artillery upon , the capital , endeavour to re-erect bis shattered throne . There was now on all sides as much talking as there had been fighting before . The friends of a- Republic were loudest in their declamations , but they had not an atom of
real influence . The ordoimances were repealed on the 30 cb , but it was too late ; the monarchy had been thrown out of the window , and it was no use now to think of walking down' stairs . The populace shouted for Lafayette , and the Itepublicana ( tboae ,- at least , who knew nothing . of state plots and intrigues ) bellowed with all their might , " Vive Lafaytte ! " Lafayette came , in a shower of blossoms and perfume , and brought in his hand—not a Republic , but the Duke of Orleans , who , as lieutenant-general , assumed the . government . ! This was on the last day of July .: The 1 st of August was a day of rejoicing ; on the 2 nd , the old priest-ridden King abdicated ; and a very
short time after , the very next day , if T recollect right , the scurvy rabble of Paris , with the natural instinct of the canaille of all countries and timesthe instinct ; of the mongrel cur who ' mauls and mutilates tho vermin which the- mastiff slayslaunched their ragged tries upon Rimbouillet , whither he had retired from , the tumult he was too senseless and feeble to cope with , and brutally drummed and terrified him-out of that' last refuge , to seek an exile ' s home where his successor sought it i with far less ceremony seventeen years afterwards—in the land of his hereditary , foes . The barricades all disappeared , and the shops opened in astonishingly quick , time after the accession of the new monarch , for such he became within a few days .
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¦ oyanm ** . . . .. It is wiser to prevent , than to revenge a quarrel . « CKStio « 8 Answered . — " Is your walch a lever ? ' l fver ! > es . 1 have to leave her at the watchmaker s once a week for repaired " wax is a-person looking at himself in a glass likff it-bmson Crusoe on th « Island of Juan Fernandez ? " ~ »!™ w 1 S moaa ^ of all he surveys , ninot , mh '"" ch difference is therebetween * pinch and a punch . ?_ D ' give it up ? - As mucb the
. IP Ruman Cathol . c Cathedral of St . Peter ' s ia ever built m London , on « bat ground will it bS erected ? -On the ground of hdulgence .-lhirich . A GRKATKR DlFFICULTT THA . V MARRIAGE — A young man who hag recently taken a wife , sayB h » did not hud it as hard to gei married as he did to buy the furniture . Charitable Donation . —By an awkward typogra * pineal error , a daily journal announces that a gentleman has g iven " oo guineas" towards a certain object . Refinement . —The latest advance in refining the English language is , instead of saying he " ia raising old Harry , " to remark that he is " elevating ancient Henry , ' '" A Good Spy-glass , —A man in a neighbouring town , who had a good spy-glass , looked at bis third cousin through it , which brought him as near as ft rst cousin .
The Astrokomer Puzzled —little Boy : " What » the ^ use of an eclif . se ? "—Astronomer : Oh ! 1 don t know ! It gives the sun time for reflection . —Punch . A Powerful Author . —A writer , in describing the ast scene of Othello , bas this exquisite passage J" Upon which the Moor , seizing a bolster full of rags and jcafousy , smothers her . " Emulation looks out for merits that she may exalt herself by a victory . Envy spies out blemishes that she muy lower another by a defeat . _ robberies in PARis . —The Prelect of Police in Paris has , with the view of preventing robberieg , is 3 ued an ordinance , prohibiting the sale , or the ex < posing for sale , of keys apart from their locks . Anti-Temperance Buttkr . — Digby , will you take some of this butter ?"— " Thanh YOUffiarm , I belong tft the Temperance Society , and can ' t take anything strong . " .
Another Mrs . Partikoton . —A cook , famed for her frequent failures in attempting hard vrords , being about to purchase a saucepan , asked for one lined with • ' emauuel , " as " she preferred it for cook * ing : " . American Railways . —The whole number of railways in the United States is 335 , measuring-10 . 287 miles in length , and constructed at a GQSt of 306 , 607 , 954 dollars , or about £ 62 , 000 , 000 sterling . Puritanical " Discipline . " —From communications appearing in the Arbroath Guide , it appears that the Kirk Sessions there are inflicting " discipline" on persons found guilty of walking on Sundays . —ScoUsian , Has anybody Seen Him ?—In a southern paper we find the following advertisement : — " Run away from bis mother , a negro boy of light complexion , six feet high , forty years old , weighing 170 pound * and wearing lang hair . "
Tjik Crystal Palace . —The value of the goods deposited by the various exhibitors in the Crystal Palace is estimated at the enormous total of fiftymillions sterling , and the interest on that sum for six montha . Tit 5 per cent ., would be £ 1 , 250 , 000 . A Strkam of Music—A little boy , on coming home from church , where he had seen a person performing on an organ , said to his mother , " Oh I mammy , I wish you had been at church to-day to see tbe fun ; a man was pumping music out of an old cuipbonrd !"
¦ Execution in Prussia . —The first execution of capital punishment , in Prussia , has just taken place in coufoiiuity with the prescriptions of the new penal code , which excludes publicity . The sentence was carried out in the prison court , in the presence of persons deputed to witness the act . Barclay's Brkwery . —in order that foreigners may form some idea of the extent of English breweries , we may mention that the seven large casks at Messrs . Barclay ' s brewhouse , known as the " Seven Sisters , " hold each 3 , 600 barrels , or 129 . 600 gallons ; making in all : 907 , 200 gallons , and these are
ktqufcnUy emptied in three days . The Offspring of Soldiers . —It is a singular fact , stated by Mr . Marshall , in bis work on "Enlisting , " &c ., that of the children of soldiers a very small proportion reaches the age of manhood ; and those who survive are commonly stunted in their growth , and often scrofulous . The Eclipse , —A cockney conducted two ladies to the Observatory , to see the eclipae . They were too late , the eclipse was over , and the lilOiea di 8 ap" - pointed . " Oh , " exclaimed our hero , "don't fret ; I know the astronomer very well , he is a polite man * and 1 am sure he witt betfin again . "
A Windy orator in the New York legislature , after a lengthy effort , stopped for a drink of water . "I rise , " said Bloss , "to a point of order . ' * Everybody stared , wondering what the point of order was . "WhatiBiti" asked the Speaker . "I think , Sir , " said Bloss , "it is out of order for a ¦ windmill to go by water . " A hint to Traveubrs , —A passenger in the third class train by the Bristol and Exeter Railway , on being remonstrated with by a fellow passenger for swearing , became exceedingly abusive , and was consequently given in charge at the Bristol station . He wa g taken before the magistrates , who fined " him 15 s ., in addition to [ . which he forfeited his fare to London .
Thk Old Puritan Stock . —An American orator , in a late speech , speaking of the settlers of New England , snid , "They were the pattern-men of the world ; not aggressive , not submissive , not hostile , not servile ; doing right , demanding right ; they were the men who would never wield the oppres--sor ' s rod , and would go mad atthe touch of his heel . " > Small , yet Precious . —A drop of water , a tear , a dew-drop , a pearl , a crystal . A drop of water for the fainting traveller ; a tear of sympathy for tho lonely one ; a dew-drop for the fading flower ; a pearl to buy the prince ' s freedom ; a crystal to deck the bosom of the tn » e madicn . llow . precious this world-should esteem heaven ' s smallest gifts !
Shootin g tiib Dbviju—A young man lately diediat Pisa , rejecting the good offices of sundry monks , who threatened him with " the Devil ; " and exacting a promise from a friend that he would not leave bis oo&y until it was buiied . The friend , a Corsican , accordingly watched over the body in the burial-ground . At dead of night , "the . Devil " stood by bis side , draped in black and red , having enormous horns and a long tail . lie was asked what he wanted ; but as he gave no intelligible reply , and made advances towards the body , the Corsican coolly drew a pistol and shot the Devil dead . He proved to be the convent " bellman ! "
ACheap Trip io the EXHIBITION . —A labouring man , residin ? at Iluddersfield , lately made a cheap and quick journey from that town to the Ex hibition . He left on the night of the 22 nd ult . for London , with only a few sandwiches , and a shilling in his purse , after paying his fare of 5 s . for a thirdclass railway ticket . He paid his shilling on Wednesday to see the Exhibition in the Crystal Palace ; he ate his " grub ' - ' in tbe building , drank from the Crystal fountain , returned . home that nighN and resumed his work on Thursday morning , without having spent a farthing for either lodgings , eating or drinking during the fifty hours he was from home .
Miscellaneous . Statistics . —The lighting of the General Post Office with gas , cost £ 3 , 047 in 1847 ; last year , it cost only £ 1 , 483 , owing to the reduction of price , from competition . —The total quantity of wheat imported into the United Kingdom during the second quarter of 1851 , was 1 , 097 , 569 quarters ; of wheat flour , 1 , 359 , 400 quarters ; of barley , 314 , 878 quarters ; - of oats , ' 359 , 853 quarters . —The num * ber of sentences of transportation in Great Britain in ; 184 S , was , 3 , 152 ; in , 1849 , 2 , 813 ; in 1850 , 2 , 256 . The number actually transported in the same years , was respectively , 1 , 378 . 1 , 391 , and 2 , 389 . The number in the hulks hag risen from M 18 in
1848 , to 6 , 191 in the present year . In the last twelve years there have been 12 , 966 sentences of transportation in Ireland , and 7 , 211 actual deportations . ' •' French : Spoken HERK . " -It is said that a worthy citizen of our county town brought back with him , on his return from an Exhibition trip , a card , bearing the words " IcionparleFrancais , " ' which he duly displayed in his shop window , alter the fashion of his metropolitan .- brethren . A wag , having wagered on the success of his movement , entered the shop one day , arid requested that h might be permitted to inspect the " ¦ jfcton parl Francois" when tho goodcit :-blandly . Informed him , that " from the great demand for them in Lnhdou he had not been able to get a jsarcet down , but expected some fine ones in a few days . " Th , upshot mayreadily be guessed , arid- we hardly nee " aay that . the card was quickly , wUndrawn .-r- £ ir . ¦ ¦
mingham Mercury . -. ¦< ; ... , . , - Particular Reaboss eotl Puilino Down the Crystal Palace . —That having accidentally product da handsome building—which any metropolis might he proud of—is no reason at all why it should bepreserved That London , iu fact , has so manyhandsome buildings that anauditional one is not in the least wanted . That the building , beautiful as it ib ; vs a perpetual eyesore in tbe . eyes of Belgravia , and blocks up the Yiew from , tne garreUvindcws o £ the house 3 opposite . That it would . be-perfectly ridiculous to maintain a . building which only took six m onths building , when there are the houses at parliament which are not finished . yet , after tne lapse of as many years . That the bui | di « fr- » retained , would only- cost £ 140 , 000 ; . which »«« £ ° f a downright absurdity by the side of tfi e » g 000 > parliament , which have cost "Pwar ^ s e i- a Tlource o £ That , above all , it will *> * %% « window 8 . temptation to the little hoya to wean , me --Punch . .
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' [ * From , every one according tohis capabilities ; to every qua according to his want ^ ¦
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New Ikclosurk AcT . —By a new ^ Inclosure Act just issued ( 14 and 15 Vic , cap . 54 ) the following places may be enclosed : Hadleigh Common , in Essex ; Hainworth and Lees , in York ; East Anstey , in Devon ; Pitfold Manor , in Surrey ; Letton Com * mon and the Fleeto , in Hereford - ; Skidhorke-cum-Saltfleet , in Lincoln ;¦ South' Somerootea ,-in the same county ; Rudgurett , in Sussex ; 'Behtley in Southampton ; Westhall , in Suffolk ; Ayle > ford iri Kent ; and ^ Edgeware , in Middlesex , ThlS is the second Incloaute A « t of the law session ,,
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^ Atoust 161851 . ____ ,- THE NORTHERN STAR . •" " ] . - - ¦ - Z ~ ™ " ^»^ ^—w —** " * M ""* ——im^—i .. . .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 16, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1639/page/3/
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