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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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mzg&s&ffiasii & « & an Americanjjentle Ifilili&ntfl it vitb tUo greateit 1 § 1 § ' ^ W ^ . ' ¦ ' V- . ¦ . v : ¦¦ ¦ . ' - . - " yOT ^ t ^ iS *^ » n «™ pa «« g « tetireeiv # ? Tw * 5 W ^^^^ i ' Bae ^ e Bdndj , I ouno ' * ?^* P " ' ^^ Wte * W * uees awl ihraWOTT , ? amfrrft ? S * ni mtae « f i x&eassSit « mralcy TwugV- < % «; l ^ tife ^ aaiM of - m echanical Jndmtijs la ;* 81 ""/ Ladtv "fte " spacem » dotted : TrUS-. aev £ * L nagl ' * SS « tt . each JKikgaxden aadadiirtwjtffee&aifi c > 8 i <« ttbeal } o ^«<^ luM epretensions , wMcbpronfd i » £ r ^ iiicm ^ f ; aie ' a ««!« atea : '?»^ aoeh .. ^ OiFenteriiig |)| ipJiSl * m 4 aw ^ ebqteei ^^ P ^ wiatiMii Si ^ t a **^ oli ^ l ^ a ^ e ^ Wngin admirable ordsi ' ; S ,. « orteieu » fereaslrn « y > i ^ ees , ana wore ; a happy , ?« fie * fcofc which IJaave rarely found among the lai ;
r "" -jnp-ciassesoa Europe- A « = Buwca ^ jnxuouw m . mu S jfioffpdgat itwaa a montj-maMng concern , ;^ jj $ ^ e lea ^ flbafl to apeak for itself , an £ ciffi ^ c u 4 a ,: f ^ pie ; l » e seiit , with one ; £ u ^ tiouA jf &e : money spent in ; the Wolwaianipton j ^ riKe iMWLgone to establish a t | tt-pla | B ma&nv factory , itfonld not tfo jdefeat \ of " ^' "PsMxir jjsve been mlJi ^ sigiiu ^^ thqnt : gifing' them the chance of an in $ tjS ^ i ^ fo £ « onsp iraey ? * Working men , ^ p ^ j bf ^ this ; and 1 st thoug ^ yiipOT i intoaction , --, jbey-Jfho would be free , thei » 5 dve 8 mnst strike the blow
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AUSTRIAN ESPIONAGE IN ITALY . Ail Austrian underling rejoicing in the Bsvage and unpronouncable name of Gorczs-KORHiWSKY , has , in his capacity of military and civil Lieutenant of the Venetian . provinces , - Issued a circular to the military comma ^ dere underhim , ' which throws some fighi OB the / means by which these provincar « are iept in subjection . It conveys-a melanchol y revelation of the slfaSo of ffie Iilffia ^ itfBjfebi to Austria , and a damnatory proof of the utter absence of all honourable or manly feeljiirr among Austrian officers . Despotism de- ;
grades aud demoralises the tools with which it works out its base and brutal purposes , even more than the unhappy victims it tyrannises over . Henceforward to he an officer of the Austrian army should he held to he synonymous with spy and common informer , and the a nnouncement of their names be followed by { heir being summarily and openly Indeed out of all decent and honest society . The system of Espionage which they are to form the pr ime agents is curiously minute . When any person is designated ' special '—that is excites the fears of the Imperial Government
.-these spies are ' exactly to supply all the following indications : '— His nature , place of liirtti , parentage * age , Ms personal description , intellectual culture , and talents , character and humour ; his sentiments in politics , religion , and other matters ; his social position and education , tho estimation in which he is generally held , and ihe extent of his influence . Perhaps there is no great harm in a Government informing Itself of these matters , if it ho done in a proper manner . It certainly has a ri ght to know the personal character and influence of its opponents , but what follows implies an amount of domestic treachery of ceaseless watchfulness , close , stealthy , unwinking
sur-¦ ceiUatKe , sufficient to drive any man mad who knew or suspected that he was its object . Only think of your footsteps being dogged by a host of spies , for ever , of never escaping from them for a moment , sleeping or waking , while they pursue their horrid task of collecting materials which may enable them to tell their victim ' s manner of Hying , what he habitually does or omits to do , whether he is much or little at home , and , if he goes out , where he usually goes ; with special indications of the public places , private houses , and families he visits ; and whether he goes to them in the day or in the night , frequently , seldom , or periodically ; but we cannot continue the enumeration , of the precise and minute instructions as to his usual
topics of discourse , his correspondence , his travelling , and means of conveyance , his style of living , and its proportion to his-indSfflfe We can only single out for a pause , one hideously depraved item in the list , significant of hopeless dreary isolation , domestic solitude , and utter deprivation of hnman companionship and confidence , compared to which seclusion in an uninhabited island would be a paradise . —* In what special relations he stands 'to bis parents , his family , his friends , and hia ' mistress ] ' These military spies , it will be observed , are not only to report what a man
does , but what he habitually omits to do ; they are likewise enjoined to state whether he took part in the revolution by actions , or ' only in thought , '' and , * if he took no part in the revolution , ' whether he refrained ' on principle and ? devotion to his lawful sovereign , or from fear , * prudence , apathy , inertness , or calculation !' Talkofadetectivepolice . ' Thebestof them may glean suchinstructionsfromtbisanthorised code of instructions to Austrian military spies bears ingcommissionsasnever entered into their imaginations . An 3 , abore slJ , recollect the object for which this net is made—to enmesh the
unfortunate objects of suspicion to their foreign tyrants . Think of the revelations respecting the prisons of Naples and Home ; remember those of Pellico and Andryane as to the tortares inflicted in Austrian dungeons , under direct Imperial sanction ; and then imagine the fate of persons thus beset on all sides by spies set upon them to discover or conjecture or invent bad motives for peaceable demeanour . All who come in contact with an Italian are , if possible , to be converted into conduits for conveying intelligence of his
sayings and doings—his very looks and gestureshis silence and inaction—to his tyrants . The domestic hearth is to be polluted by domestic treason , and the very objects of his love con-Terted into conscious or unconscious traitors . The most trivial words are to be treasured up , and , when need be , perverted and made to bear meanings never intended by him , —in snort , ihe eye of the tyrant is to be sleepless , his ears ever open , and his victims are to know neither rest nonespite till they-ate tracked into the cells of Spielberg .
The onl y consolation that can be drawn if oai such infamous and disgraceful circulars as this of Gouczskobhawsky's , and the recent blood-thirsty aud brutal proclamation of Hadetzkx in Lombard y , is , that despotism is Biraining the bow so tightly that it must , ere long , break in its hands . The very extremity driveoftheoppressionand sufferingiuflictedwill pien to despair , and they will Bay , better die Mi the open field with arms in our hands , than be watched , and dogged , and tied , and trampled npon thus—the continental governments are sowing seeds which will spring np anned men . The political Bky over the v hole continent is black and
thunderousw aitbut a little , and a storm will burst forth , * ° * e terrible and destructive to thrones than history has ever yet recorded . Their present Possessors are sowing the wind to reap the wh irlwind . Having shown no mercy in their " y of power , they can ask for none when the flay of retribution arrives .
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- « f «*« w of Independence an thiflj ^ from •? Tu % > re learii , the ^^^ uniBJtoi ^ irf tdid * mguiihed partia the : pfoc 6 edite £$$ h& day , and w ^ e toasted by their AmericaafrieEds in p ( ^ wro g ^ jaj feihion > - v r- ^ Icanatf iDomnraiiity . : ' : ; - "' ^^^¦ E ^ Uty . ami . fr ' atert ^ s ^ wbttbtoj "f 4 d ' ine ;« 11 dernen 6 f'K ^ &iSd ^^ b 1 d ^^ ' 7 itbiu ' eroseBot-ParadUe ; ' Success to tb « r { en ^ rpme V . iln ; the next plft ^ : i ^ r } mutual * jjrjjgrej 6 : * pjeara jt& be . ofllg ^ &a ^ flatis /^^ aind «^ dV natnre > r ^ MyMiJerence to /^^ ittstejif ^ o ^^^^ np ^ 'taeri ^^ oY c the m ^^^^ m
^ o ^^ ^ i ^^^ % |^ iM ^ iefieir ^> ntained WMmB ^^ m ^^ iWi ^ - - The Hfe ^^^ B % J 8 M ^® EE 1 ? 9 S 1 KB , the ^^^ e ^ tle ^ an ; who , aom& time j ^ ofgftDlkh&S ^ riencVj > n ^ horntle and ^^^ ifi ^^ inwmi ; u&ai ^ on « iby th ^ -who cannolWy ^ or cabin paBSagts . ' Mr . J ' O&IER , connec ^^ py . birth withi . soinel . bf the fit ^ &femuies of-this country , voluntarily acted ^ n ^ einianotioriof the Poet ; -i . ; : - ¦ - : £ .- > *¦ . ¦ ZXsAiB physic , pomp ! .,- . , ¦ " .: "" ¦ ; I ^ fow ftyleft to feeftfUatwreti&tt . fefeL' .
^^ | oj > k ; an ordinary-passage , and roughed it'foR ^ fexpresspiirpoBe of ascertainiugithe fact ^^ jd'p lacing them before'the Governiaeh ^ . ^^/ c ^^^^ ashthe medium of ibiH' infiaeritial relations . a ;^ tr DsV , ffiat . his ^ ersonnl ^ niferings and inftppreniencesivill be compeiisSed by a vigorou |^ gnd ' ' 8 ub 8 taiBtial Hells , * as they ha ? e been notunapprbpriately termed . But to return from this digression to the Icarian community . It appears that . Mr . Foster , in the course of his travels , visited . Nauvoo , and inthe letter referred to , he
says : — 'It has been one of the greatest pleasures which I have experienced in my life to witness the theory of Socialism , which 1 have been in the habit of considering as an Utopia , successfully carried into practice . at Nauvoo . ' After condemning the impatience of some of the advocates of Socialistic views , and their countenance of physical force revolutions in France , and expressing a hope that there will be no more such excesses , the writer says : —* I have always considered that
sooner or later fraternity would be the universal religion and practice of all mankind . The Icarian community appears to me to be engaged heart and soul in hastening this happy state of things , and to be itself enjoying the greatest happiness , collective and individual , yet attained by mankind . ' Mr . Foster continues to give the following emphatic testimony to the moral and social results of communism as developed at ^ Nauvoo : —
I have spoken to a very large number of the associates both in company and individually , and quite separately ; they have all unhesitatingly expressed themselves as perfectly contented , and indeed conteut , good humour , cheerfulness , joy , and fraternity . ire unmistakeabJy depicted in their every expression of countenance , and in every action . So distrust of man by roan is perceptible in the expression of the eye : reciprocity of confidence and mutual affection are there reflected
instead , I have also conversed with a very large number of the citizens of JJauvoo , who do not form part of the community , and of the neighbouring town of Montrose , also both in company and separately ; and I am happy to testify , that I heard but one expressiou of opinion , namely , that thelcariana were tne happiest community whom my informants had ever seen ; and were peaceable , orderly , industrious , and well conducted in every respect iu a most exemplavy degree ; not a -word bave I heard to their prejudice , not even among the loungers of
the bar rooms . After such statements it is needless to enter into details , as to the material and industrial position of the Icarians . ' Contentment , good humour , cheerfulness , joy , and fraternity , ' are not the concomitants of poverty , and an unavailing but ceaseless struggle to procure the bare necessaries of'iifei' ^^ fae'associative , principle under which the labour of the Icaria . u . 8 is condufited , and the equitable arrangements under which the product is
distributed , must be as productive of plenty as it is of peace . There is , however , we regret to learn , one "blot upon their escutcheon , They are "VVhieky Diatillers . Mr . Foster gtates , that he hopes the pecuniary circumstances of the community will justify the . ' cessation of a profitable business , which , it appears , fell into their hands in connexion with the flour and saw mill , and which , in the infancy of the community , they found it convenient to carry on to obtain funds . Tie editorof the' Tribune '
in a note agrees with Mr . Fostek , and there is no doubt but that a method of making money so totally opposed to the principles on which the community is founded , will be abandoned as speedily as possible . So many experiments of this kind have failed in consequence of ihe imperfect organisation , the deficient i ' unde , or the constitutional defects of the parties engaged in them , that it is really gratifying to learn on such good authority as that we have cited of the success of the Icarian Community . It has not been without its difficulties and its
obstructions , and not the least of these , we should say , has been the necessity for M . Cabet , its venerable founder , leaving it toreturn to Europe at thiB early stage of its progress . It will be recollected , that in the indiscriminate and envenomed ouslaught made two years ago upon Socialism and Socialists of every kind and degree in France , M . Cabet was condemned by partisan tribunals as having been guilty , not only of political , but moral offences—of having been guilty of fraudulent conduct to the persons who had entrusted him with money for the formation of a community in the United States . He has devoted himself , in the true spirit of all
the great benefactors of the world , patiently to his important task , and at the earliest moment it was safe to leave the important establishment he has founded , he hastened back to France , demanded to be confronted with hiB accusers , and obtained a complete and triumphant acquittal from all the calumnious charges made against him . From the contents of the papers before us , it is clear that he is looked up to by the Icarians with thestrongest feelings of affectionate esteem and veneration ; and we ardently wish to him and his | disciplee after his return increasing and steady success in the noble and inestimable enterprise they have so auspiciously begun .
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^^^ : V . ' [ . SOCIALIST EXPERIMENTS . TO THE EDITORS OP THE ATHENAEUM . Gentlemen , —In your Journal of Saturday , 26 th of July , I notice your observations respecting my past and present proceedings , and I thank you for the kindly spirit in which they are stated . But when you express opinions respecting my practical measures , permit me to say they are opinions stated without a knowledge of facts upon tho subject . You imagine my theories have been tried in practice ; and herein is your mistake and the common error of the public .
"T | eBe has been no attempt or approach to anj&ttempt to apply the principles to , practice which without ceasing for nearly half a century I have adtocated . Soon . after 'I had developed principles whicb , from their undeviatiug consistency and accordance with facts , made a deep and extraordinary impression upon the governments of Europe and America , and npon the advanced and most truthful minds in both countries , including the members of our own government under Lord Liverpool ' s administration , who was Umself , as well aB his Itoyal Highness the hte Duke of Kent , a convert to my viewB , —I was strongly urged Dy men of leading influence in this country to commence measures to apply the principles to practice .
1 knew how utterly incompetent the public were at that period to understand the practice ^ il ^ iwbuld . , nece 8 aarily emanate from those principles , or the extent of the change which they would produce throughout society . I was therefore most unwilling , in the then crude state of the public mind upon this subject , to encourage an attempt to carry my views into practice . The application of the principles under most unfavourable circumstances in a limited and most imperfect manner at New Lanark in Scotland , had produced such extraordinary ,
unlooked-for beneficial results upon Us population , and especially upon the children trained from infancy in the schools , that nothing would satisf y the sincere Menus of progresB and of humanity unconnected with party or country , until I gave my consent to the ' British and Foreign Philanthropic Society , ' established in London to p romote my views , that a Subscription should be commenced to apply the principles npon a sufficient scale to prove their efficiency in practice .
The Society requested me to inform them wliat sum would be necessary to fully and fairly ascertain the mult of the principles in practice . I stated that , to do justice to the plans which I had to propose , and to ensure their success , would require a capital of seven hundred and fifty thousand pounds , and that I oould not in justice to my views commence any preparatory measures with less than two hundred and fifty thousand pounds ; &IMi that , until that sum was raised and in the banker ' s
hands , I vronld not undertake to begin a work which I knew would be the most important task ever yet performed by man ; but that no one but myself knew the extent of the change which the principles I advocated would effect in and throughout Society . The parties were naturally surprised at the largeness of the sum required , B \ it the Society commenced the subscription , which , with the then strong prejudices of sect , class , and party , and their vested interests , so long established , all opposed to it , I knew could not succeed : but , to my surprise , fifty
thousand pounds were subscribed . And among the subscribers were some of the most practical men in the kingdom , as well as leading capitalists , and professional Hfttt of Wgh standing , '—such as Messrs . Strutt , of Derby , for £ 5 , 000 ; James Morrison , Esq ., for the same sum ; Sir James Scarlett , for £ 1 , 000 , and offering , if I would proceed with tlvs work , to make it # 5 , Q 0 Q ; the latO Mr . llfthschild ; Baron Goldsmid ; the Cashier of the Bank of England ( Henry Hose , Esq . ); tbepresent Lords Brougham and Denman ; and many others known for their practical knowledge and Philanthropy .
Knowing as I did what was necessary to charge the principles and practices of society so loig established in the minds and habits of all blisses in all countries , I declined to accept this mbaeription , sb I knew ifc would be quite inadequate for the object I had in view ; and , bcBidjs , at this period the mass of the population , including the middle and working classes ^ were gnorant of the principles , and quite incapaUe of comprehending the practice ; and even iftermy constant instruction of the public fron that period to this , both principles and practices are but imperfectly known to any , except a few v ? ho have systematically stadie ( the principles , and who strive to imagine what would be the result of their full application to practice .
True principles can always hG applied to practise , provided adequate means are obtained . Who , with common sense , will deny that the principles which I advocate are principles of nature and therefore etei'Bally true ? Who has had sufficient experience in the various departments of the business of life to say with knowledge that these principles cannot be most advantageously applied to practice for the permanent benefit of the population , not only of Great Britain and Ireland , but of the world ?
I now re-assert that whenever they shall be fully , fairly , and honestly applied in their entirety and purity to practice , they ¦»¦)!} produce results such as the world has never seen—no , nor , in the present crude and undeveloped state of the mind of the mass of mankind , are they competent to trace , gtep by step , i » their imagiuatioDS , the innumerable , beneficial , and beautiful results which will necessarily emanate in practice from the divine , unchangeable principles of nature which I advocate .
It is only by a commission or committee of 14 Scientific and experienced men of business in every department of life " that the subject can yet be comprehended ; for it embraces the entire business of Society in one machine , in which all its parts , physical and mental , are scientifically united , and bo adjusted that each part is systematically adjusted to every other part , and that the whole when so combined will be complete to secure the rapid progress of the human race , in harmony and unity , to great goodness , high excellence , and perpetual happiness .
Have you , Messrs . Editors , any , the most distant , conception of such a machine of Society ? Do you imagine that , with the insane instruction which has been hitherto forced into the minds ol all classes , sects , and parties , over the world , —any of these individuals are competent to imagine or to judge correctly of a machine to be constructed to perform in a superior manner all the busineBB of life in all countries though succeeding agea ?
But such is the machine which I have always proposed for investigation . And do you imagine that it will not require a " Committee of scientific and experienced men in every department of life " to give an opinion deserving of any attention respecting a compound so new and so little likely to be comprehended by the most practical men in their now divided departments of life , or by scientific men whose practical knowledge is only with individual sciences ?
I have never yet commenced any such experiment . I have always known that it is ^ impossible to unite tho system of society which I have always advocated with tho present now worn out and most irrational system , as to unite oil and water , the two poles of the Earth , the spirit of unijevsal charity , with the existing spirit of this world , or , in fact , to unite that which is purely rational r / iih
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that which is grossly irrational , or happiness with misery . ' rt-Talk of any of the experiments which have been tried being aa es ^ iiment to try the truth of the principles which I advocate ! as well may you talk of giving a specimen of pure water with a compound containing nine teuths of gross impurities . Those experiments to which you allude in your notice of my proceedings were not my experiments , nor commenced b y me . They were experiments controled by others , and none of them had more than a small portion of my views , with a large proportion of the old irrational system of society necessarily combined with them , and which was sure to destroy them .
Do , therefore , my dear Sir , for the cause of Truth and the practical benefit of the human race , remove these errors and prejudices from the public mind , in order that it may be pie pared for the pure practice of true principles when the time shall come for it to admit of Truth in principle and practice and consistency in thought and actiou . Talk of failures of experiments on my principles- ! . Wh y this is the very earliest period when it-would be practicable , in consequence of the prejud . ke . 8 forced into the minds of all , for an attempt to be made to form a ' commonsense compound of Society , to constitute a rationaLcommunity .
Another , but a very natural mistake you have i # ade . Because my name does not figure Jitnong those in the fashionable world ; wno attract the notice of tho public , you imagine 1 am neglected . Never was there a greateranisconceptiQU , I onty wish my fellow creatuf % B rwere half as well taken care of in their old age as I have been , or as comfortable , contented , and in the eujoyment of aB much personal happiness as I experience . 1 would not exchange my unpopularity with minds filled with the prejudices of the old world , the kindness of so many sincere friends , and the undisturbed quietness of my present enjoyments , for the patronage of all tho authorities of the world , I have seen too much of the
annoyance and discomforts attending popu larity , to have any desire for the slightest por tion of it—at my time of life especially . Your Friend , Robert Owen . Spring Grove , 8 th August , 1851 .
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ALARMING ACCIDENT ON THE SOUTH EASTEKN 11 AILWAY .
The special through train , which started from Paris at half-past five on Tuesday morning for London , by tuo Northern Railway , was crowded with visitors to the Exhibition from all parts of Europe , carrying a great quantity of luggage , besides some of tho return passengers from the feus . On arriving at Boulogne the tram was half an hour behind time , and although the steamer made a good passage , great delay occurred at Folkestone , although the custom-house Authorities used every exertion to expedite the clear ing of the baggage . The
( juanties brought upon the platform exceeded the expectations of the railway attendants , and carriage after carriage was put on to the train , causing further delay , so that , the train , rostponed till three o'clock , did not make a start till a quarter to four . Some little confusion was caused by a carriage being run against on a turntable , and it was ( be opinion of many of the passengers that one of the guards was intoxicated , and although the superintendent caused him to be brought forward for examination before the train left , the same suspicion recurred after the accident .
From tho harbour at Folkestone a very steep curved branch leads to the main line on the upper cliff , having been made at , a comparatively recent period to save passengers the trouble of getting into an omnibus in passing from the railway to the steamboats . On starting up this incline with a very heavy train , tho coupling of the engine from some cause not yet explained gave way , and tho whole of the tram was precipitated down the incline to the alarm of the bystanders , who were aware that the line abutted on the sen , cliffs . The enginemau instantly signalled the guards , and ihe brakes were put on , but the velocity of the train momentarily increased , for it was impossible fov any brake to bring up suddenly or effectively on a
line so short and steep , and the tram dashed on under the shed . Here some of tho attendants and workmen threw on to tho rails pknks and timbers which were at hand , and , although this happily stayed the velocity and substituted a moderate concussion for a violent one , it might have beon productive of most serious consequences . The result ofsueb . a dangerous expedient is , in mout cases , to throw tho foremost carriage off the line , when the others would have been doubled up and smashed to pieces , causing an awful loss of life . Providentially the planks were thin and old , and bad the effect of slackening the train inatead of throwing it off . So groat , however , was tho momentum of the train ut this time that , on arriving
at the end butters , the lust carriage was precipitated over the cliff on to the shore below , fortunately containing luggage and no passengers , and the tide being out . On the first thock the passengers forced the doors , and many rushed out in the greatest terror , some having the appearance of being severely wounded , and their faces covered with blood . From the inquiries made , only about seven or eight persons were severely cut about tho face , though few of the paBB 0 ngcrs escaped unbruised , None of the injuries required medical attendance , and all the passengers were able to proceed when the train was ready . A painter working under the shed had a narrow escape for his Ufa in getting out 6 f the way of the dashing train , and was only slightly injured .
The wheels , springs , and framing of the last carriage were dashed to fragments against the buffer springs , and the train was stopped ; but , singularly enough , and which shows the velocity given to the train , the luggage van was shorn clean off and precipitated almost uninjured on to the beach . The last carriage but one was seriously damaged ; the hind axles driven in and the coupling rods bent up . The superintendent showed the greatest energy and zeal under the emergency , signalled by telegraph to Dover and Aahford for assistance , and immediately assembled a . strong force of labourers to work at the wreck and reform the train .
On the platform a very tumultuous scene presented itself . The Frenchmen congregated , exciting each other , and suggesting all kinds of impracticable or idle expedients to prevent 9 , recurrence of the accident . It was their general impression that English raUw&ss are . so ovgaxiwed as to create accidents , and that this was got up to receive them in England . The Spaniards and Italians remained firm , and some of the English gentlemen , seeing that there was no want of their assistance on the train , used their best exertions in tho reassuring their French fellow-passengerB a . nd attending to the ladies . . The train was again started at a quarter to five , but did not get in till eight o ' clock , three houl' 8 and a half after time , when great confusion took plnce in the delivery of the vast pile of luggage , which was not cleared for three quarters of an hour , although cabs were summoned from all neighbouring points .
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The First Chime of Bells in Upper Canada , —On Monday evening last the long looked-for chime Of bells were brought into town by the Messrs . Peter and Roger Smith . The union jack , floating over St . Paul ' s Church , denoted the place for which the bells were destined . A large procession , headed by the band of the Iiiflo Company , and displaying numerous banners , marched out of town to escort the bells in a proper state . Nothing could exceed the joy that appeared to animate ouj- people as the procession marched through the town to St . Paul ' s Church . The bells ( six in number ) were made by Menrs , of Lotidon , England , and cost £ 500 , paid by the private contributions of the people of London ( not , we are proud to state ,
exclusively Episcopalians ) . Among the subscriptions are many liberal sums from Dissenting gentlemen , who , feeling a proper pride in the growing prosperity and religious zeal of the people of London , generously contributed to procure a chime of bells that , although to be erected in St . Paul ' s church , will awaken all alike on each succeeding Sabbath to the duties that all Christian denominations wish their people to perform . Tho bells will be ready for trial on the 20 th , when the people of the countrj will ( many of them for the first time ) have the pleasure of hearing the most grand , sweet ) anil tlll'Ullug Uiusio that erei- vibrated through the
forests of Upper Canada . —Montreal Weekly Herald . The Potato Disease . —We never saw the potato haulm and blossom so luxuriant as in this locality , but we are sorry to hear that in other neighbourhoods the disease has . shown itsolf to some extent . We trust the reports may prove unfounded , yet it would be well for all who now are thankfully acknowledging the Divine blessing in the healthy appearance ot this useful vegetable , to watch carefully the approach of blight or tendency to destroy that which at present looks so hopeful . The dry season is felt to be a great preventive of disease . — Hereford Journal .
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATloF ~ OF ~ UNITED TRADES . T . S . Duncomue , Esq ., M . P ., President . Eitablished 1845 . " FIAT JPST 1 HA . " /'_ If it were possible for the working classes , by combinini ; among themselves , to raise , or keep up the general rate ofwageJ , it need hardly lie suid that this would be a thing not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced at . " ( Stoart JliLt . If laws are made for every degree , To curb vice in others , as well as in me , I wonder ire liavn't better company Upon Tyburn Tree .
SoBings the gay and recklees Mackheath , and the experiment would he well worth trying , whether the laws are not capable of curbing the vicious propensities of some of the go a-head profitmongers . There are tho Messrs . Holdfortb . and Son , oi Leeds—a touching history of whose imperious conduct appeared in the last number of tho 'Northern Star . ' We quote the following paragraph , to which wo earnestly call the attention of the working classes . After stating that an address had been printed and circulated , inviting their fellow workmen in other towns to form themselves into a general union
for their mutual protection , it proceeds to state that , « The address was drawn up aud inserted in one of the London Weekly newspapers , which , by some means , found its way to our employer , who , on reading it , became terribly enraged ,, and determined at oucoto crush our infant society ,: With this object he discharged eight men as being the leaders in tvyhig to organise our trade . Not content with this , he wroto letters to all other employers 1 n , the trade , branding them as "Unionists , " and gl ^ jjg . thei ^^ Effl 86 ; . bq that , , 1 § . & # i « men go where they would , they found th ' e ' raaelres proscribed , set down as outlaws , aud all honourable employment denied them . '
Unquestionably such conduct as this is illegal , and punishable . To have tllUS pcl'Gmptorily discharged these men for exercising their undoubted constitutional right , was mean and dishonourable ; but to conspire to prevent them obtaining other employment , is an intolerable and illegal assumption , that ought to be resisted . Surely the working classes will atep in between these , victims and their oppressors . By the machinations of Messrs . Hoidforthand Son , aH chances of employment in their trade appear to bo cnt off , unless , indeed , they stoop to sign the following insulting document : —
" That we do solemnly declare and affirm to ha ^ e withdrawn from the society of Silk Dressers , in connexion with the National Association of United Trades , and from all and every other similar association ; and further , that we do solemnly affirm , that we will not aid or encourage any such societies , or any combination of men whatsoever . ' Now this looks very much like an attempt to administer illegal oaths . It IS an affirma » t ' ion having all the solemnity , and doubtless intended to have the Bame moral force upon men ' s consciences , as a legally administered oath .
Go to MeB&re . Holdforth and Son ; we think you are treading very near that narrow line whieh separates the legal from the illegal , Shame ! that these lords of the loom should so degrade their order , by such mean and petty tyrannies . We cannot too strongly recommend the case of the oppressed Silk Dressers of Leeds to the attention aud sympathy of the working men of England , Communications , &c , to be addressed to Mr . Charles Woods , Prince of Wales , Bank , Leeds , Yorkshire .
it is refreshing to ; turn from these disagree * able topics to one of an opposite character . The Linsey weavers of Kendal have recently joined the National Association . They considered this 6 tep necessary by reason of several injurious innovations and encroachments which had crept intothetrade , affording slight , if any , advantage to the employers , but which was a positive , unmitigated evil to the men by virtually reducing : their wages . They complained to the emolovers in a respectful
manner ; a Conference of masters anu men was proposed and accepted , an arrangement come to , and the men restored to the position they occupied in 1845 , being an advance to them of twenty per cent . All honour to the employers for this just and judicious conduct . We sincerely hope that this good understanding may be permanent , and that the weavers will show tbat such a conciliatory spirit is duly appreciated by them , and is calculated to promote the mutual advantage and happiness of employers and employed .
We have to acknowledge the generous aid in progress in Manchester ^ Derby , and other districts by tbe members of the amalgamated Societies of Mechanics , Engineers , &c . We shall be glad to be furnished with the amounts ' subscribed in each district , that they may be duly acknowledged in the balance sheet , which will be forwarded to all subscribers . We are happy to acknowledge the receipt of £ 45 on account of these subscriptions , from the London Executive Committee of that
numerous and important society . We hope our friends in all parts of the country will forward any sums they have on hand , as immediate cash is required for future operations . William Peel , Sec . 259 , Tottenham-court-road . P . S . Secretaries or individuals who have sent money to the . Central Defence Committee andhavenothadthe official printed receipt , are requested to apply for the same to Mr . George Greenslade , secretary , at the Bell Inn , Old Bailey , London .
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PROPOSED WORKING SMITHS ASSOCIATION .
The following address nas been issued to the Working Smiths of London and its environs : — FELtowWoRKMES , —Tbe great author of our existence hath ordained that by toil and sorrow ire shall progress from ignorance and slavery towards liberty and happiness . Tbe inexperience of our forefathers lias caused many obstacles to our improvement , the most serious of which is that we have been pitted against eaoh other to obtain by strife and contention those neceeeavies and conveniences of life which might be much easier and more effectually provided if we were to combine our energies in an Association with brotherly kindness . Many and serious are the evils which tins system of Competition entails upon us ; it gives to the fortunate in the scramble extreme wealth , which nature denies them the power to enjoy , whilst the many are doomed to a life of hopeless misery * anil wretchedness . But God has decreed that this
shall not always be the lot of man , for we find that whilst he is totally ignorant and unable to help himself , he bears his degradation without pain anil is comparatively happy , buc no sooner does he obtain sv little intelli genee than ho begins to manifest uneasiness which increases with his knowledge until his condition becomes unbearable , thus compelling him to take steps to improve his condition , and the ignorant attempts of government in various countries to impede his efforts have often proved the destruction of the StatD . To gunwl against such folly and wickedness should be the anxious care of every good and loyal citizen . Circumstances at the present time seem eminently , favourable to our progress . Capital and Labour , hitherto antagonistic , have already began to associate on just and equitable principles . Several
associations are now at work and are progressing favourably . The Smiths must not lag behind . " First-born or' the artSi''ourpIaceiainthevan . Up then , fellow workmen , let UB do Our duty . Iheneate some five or Bix different societies in London without any connecting linh . This the committee have found to be a generally admitted evil . A working association would remedy this evil—would form a connecting link , which would unite tttein altogether , without imnnring their usefulness or interfering with thsie individual arrangements . Especial attention is directed to a general meeting of the trade , which will be held in the Board-room of the Society for Promoting Working . Men's Association , 76 , Charlotte-street , Fitzrov-square , on Tuesday evening , August 19 th , whenE . V . Neal , Esq ., will take the chair , and the principles of association will be ex-Ulaiued .
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Manchester Tkades Delegate Meeting . —An aggregate meeting of Trades' delegates was beld on ifonday , the lltli inatant , at Mr . White ' s , Railway Inn , where there was a good attendance ^ and an ui-Aoimous feeling expressed to support the Tinplate Workers' case at all hazards . Messrs . Burn White , and Golden addressed tbe meeting . A gentleman , on the part of Mr . Roberts ( who was out of town ) , was in attendance , and gave a report Of the trial at Stafford and other matters interesting to the mectiDg , which was closed by a short address from Mr . Dickenuon , the secretary , to the Defence Committee , and adjourned to Tuesday the JOth infant
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IIUKGEBFOHD HALL , STRAND . On Saturday lust we attended the private view of tins establishment previous to its being thrown open to tho public . It comprises bazaars , an iiluimnated gallery , a theatre of optical illusions , a uiorivtna . sind a spacious Euite of refreshment rooms , . » n < i will form a valuable addition to the permanent attractions of . U » o metropolis . We bcliove the idea of establishing so extensive and varied un Institution originate . ! in tho refusal of the Hoval Commissioners to allow prices to be affixed to tho goods shown in the Ojstul Palace . U was intended to open Hungerford Hall as nearly a 3 possible at the same time as the Exhibition in tho Park , with
duplicates of the articles exhibited thero having ihe prices marked and open for sale . The projectors had tO deal , howover , with moro bulky and intractable materials than Messva . Henderson and Fox . Bricks and mortar , and piaster , are not so speedily put ; together as iron and glass ; and henco the delay in the completion of tho project , upon which a very - large sum of ' money has been expended . The beauty and adaptation of the building to its intended purposes can be but iniuorfectly estimated by a view of the exterior . The unsightly and wretchedly desolate quadrangle , once tho fishmarket , is now occupied by a splendid and wtlleoutrived structure , in whiuh a l > aza . 'ir and tivo theatres are included . In point of situation no site could , we opine . Lave been better chosenits
natu-, ral local advantages , its immediate proximity to the Suspension-bridge , to and from which tho bazaars may ., bo said to form the main road , will present an attraction to the large population on-the Surrey side of the river , as well us to the vast multitudes that use tbe stoamboats . The bazaars consist of an illuminated avenuo from the Strand sute of the market 1 G 2 feet long , on each Bido of which stalls are .-irrangec ! . The whole is to be continually illuminated with gas . Immediately in front is tho entrance to the theatre of Bouton ' s Dioramas . The bazaars are each 120 feet in length , communicating together by passages , yet in from forming separate establishments . One section , of the roofing being ^ S # | M ?? ' |? ^ i " 'C ? R J 5 i P £ Qducc 6 . a , most SgiieabloeSecfc . TW'nWofthWEheatresirdeYotsd
to tbe exhibition of phantasmagoria , or optical illusion , under the sole control and direction of Professor de Waldeck . In the lower area , and immediately over the site of the old fish market , jg placed tlift liifefttre for the exhibition of dioramic views , painted by il . Bouton . The views selected for the opening of this theatre are " The interior of St . Mark ' s Venice , " and " The City ; and Valley , of Friburg , in Switzerland . " The dioramic effects in these two pieces are so managed as to produce the appeaninco of night and day , storm and sunshine , lu the latter view is represented a fall of snow , the most natural that can be conceived , while the effects exhibited in the former are not only novel in themselves but are positively the roost striking and perfect illusions of the kind we ever witnessed . M . Bouton was , ^ we believe , the originator of dioramas ;
and in his Interior of St . Mark ' s he still keeps ahead of all his competitors . We have no doubt that he and his colleague , Professor d . e Walbeck , vrill be largely patronized by the public . The theatres are rery handsome and convenient , each being calculated to accommodate 600 or 700 persons with great comfort . Attached to the theatre of Professor de Waldeck ( which is at the Strand entrance ) , is an elegant saloon / or refreshments , together with a rstiringroom for ladies , fitted up with every possible convenience . The grand bazaar , to which you descend by a flight of steps , occupies a space of ground amounting to about 00 , 000 square feet . The admission , to the bitfaar ami illuminated avenue is free . About 100 guests attended the private view , amongst whom were Mr . Bernal , M . P ., Mr . Dominic Colnaghi , and Messrs . Stuttly , Seager , Evans , and Dr . Moore , members of the commitlee of Hungerford Market .
VAUXHALL GARDENS . Mr , It . "Wardell , the director of this place of amusement , took his benefit here on "Wednesday night , and an unusual variety of entertainments were provided for the occasion . The programmo announced an entire change of performances in . every department ; hut the great novelty of the evening was a " grand aeronautic race by three balloons , " the oombatants ( so to speak ) being Mrs . Graham , Mr . Chambers , and Mr . 11 . Bell—all of whom it appeared had volunteered their services on . the occasion . Balloon ascents have almost ceased
to become mattera of interest , except to those dealers in the marvellous who take delight in contemplating the accidentB which too frequently arise from them , bet an ascent of three ballow&g simultaneously , was an event of so novel a character that it was well calculated to draw together a largo concourse of people . So favourable indeed was the result of this tempting announcement , that , though the clouds presented a most gloomy aspect , and . thunder threatened fr 6 hi all quarters , the people assembled in larger numbers than have ever been known before during the present management . Towards the time fixed upon for the ascent of the balloons the curiosity of the spectators was excited to a remarkable degree . Within hulf-an-hour of the time , announced the balloons were ready to ascend , but it was judiciously arranged that a minute and a half should be allowed to elapse between the ascents , in order
to guard against the probability of a collision Mrs . Graham was accompanied by Jier daughter , aftd a friend . Mr . Chambers ( who occupied the "Locomotivo" balloon ) , ascended alone ; and Mr . II . Bell was attended by two gentlemen . The ascents were certainly very peculiar , and were interesting from the excitement and curiosity they produced , The throe balloons appeared to keep at a respectful distance apart until they had mounted to a considerable height , when they gradually approached nearer and nearer to each other , and at last seemed to have established a sort of tria juncta in vno . Ihe wind did not appear to be . VUlf&Y 0 Ur « able , although the weather was not altogether 60 auspicious as might have been wished ; and the triple ascent must be pronounced to have beea quite successful , as far as could be judged from external appearances . The aeronauts descended , in the neighbourhood of Lee , and arrived safely at the Gardens at half-past eleven o ' clock .
ASTLEY'S . The popular spectacle of Mazeppa Still continues to attract OTerflowiug houses . Crowds of provincial visitors besiege the doors at an early hour , and wonder , united with pleasure , is visibly depicted npon every countenance , and testified by thunderclaps of applause at the varied and novel performances at this national establishment , Mazeppa and Olinska are ably impersonated by Mr . H , T . Hicks and Miss Funton ; and Barry , as Drolinsko , keeps " the audience in a roar . " The appearance of the house , < luvii < g the acenes in the circle , was grand in the extreme , displaying , as it did , at a
glance , the immense multitude of visitors , Tbe platforms and steps in the last scene of the spectacle formed an exoellent gallery for the surplus audience in the circle , rising tier over tier , reminding us of the most palmy daya of Grimalai . KYbCXo &Q was excellence it would bo invidious on our part to criticise tbe various merits of the artistes in the circle , suffice it to say that wo never saw better and , perhaps , nothing that equalled the equestrian , performance in the ring ' . Jack Junk , a- Stirling fiCOd farce , in which Mr . Smith ably pourtrays tflfl eccentricities and hearty goodness at a British tar , concludes tho varied entertainments of the evening .
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The Expelled Parr Pedlars . -- The case of Mrs . Hicks and others in a similarly sad plight continues to excite considerable attention . About £ 70 has been subscribed for tbo evicted proprietor of the stone cottage , and other smaller sums for her fellow-sufferers . Mr . W . Conningham , of Kemp Towd , writes to the Times that one Lacy and his wile kept a fruit stall at Victoria Gate for twenty years , and his father ten years previously , by permission of Lord Sydney , the Ranger . " The father Of Lacy , now dead , had been so terrified by a beeper mih threats of expulsion , that he was induced to pay him a weekly sum of 03 , Charles Lacy himself made some of these payments , and
falling in arrear , was threatened with having his goods seized for the money . He wrote to the vOlfl * misBionere of Woods and Foresta for "time . " The matter was inquired into , the payment Btopped , azid the keeper reprimanded . This keeper , strange to say , still holds his situation in the Park , whSe Mrs . Lacy is nearly out of her senses from excitement consequent upon being turned OUt Of it , and thus deprived of tbe means of supporting her family . " The couple have unimpeachable characters . Joseph Spicer and his wife kept a stall uear Grosvenor Gate , by written permission of tha late Duke of Cambridge . Spicer is crippled in the wrist ; he has two daughters ; in great distress They can have excellent charactera . Denis S ' now in Kensington Workhouse , kept a stall Si Apsley House by permission of the ieS Ranger . Excellent character ; aged and in £ turned out without £ uuiuuu uui uiiouc
any pretence . V » u ™ Uz . w any pretence . Now " breaking h » heart" in the WOrkhoUSO . William SS stat ' tw ^ , ? a K UghtCr ! he hVTSSS S « t £ . w " , * T by P . ermWBion of Lord Mor bv LtW 1 T , Lac J B 8 tali i 8 now < K « iiPMdl oy another perBOn , and there are several stalls or g ; ' permitted to remain in Kensington maidens . " Mr . Conningham says—" These poor People sha ll he relieved ; but I would ask these noble Lords and Commissioners whether they imagme such crying injustice will be tolerated in thie country on the plea that the stalls might interfere with the Crystal or any other Palace < r It * observed that if Mr . Conningham ' s rt ^ " *!^" all , there was not even a P f T . ^/ XdVd b ? people , as they do not appear to tone otteBded bj building ' a nut , " like Ann Hicks .
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yu u rrrrr ^ MONIES RECEIVED Fob me Week Ekjmso Thdhspat , Auousr Hth , 1851 . TEE HONESTY FUND . BECHV £ D BT JOHN AKSOTT . £ s . a . Ipswich , per John Cook .. . # 0 5 0
NATIONAL CHARTER FUND . Received bj Jons Absott . — Vps-wicli . per 3 . Cook 5 s-Ditto , per ditto ( for Convention Fund ) us—Cripplegate Lo cality , per A . E . Delaforce 7 s—Ship locality , per J . Shan 10 s . —Total £ 17 s .
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^ Denmark . —The population of the kingdom of Denmark , at the close of last year , was 1 , 415 , 807 souls ; viz ., 7 t' 0 , 500 males , and 715 , 307 females . Those living in the towns amounted to 290 , 585 ; those in the country , 1 , 125 , 222 ; sixty per cent , was reckoned as agriculturists , forty-three per cent , landed proprietors , and twenty per cent , servants ; according to trades , 38 , 232 were engaged in shipping and the fisheries ; 32 . 56 S civil or government officers , and 2 G , 00 ± clergy and teachers . The capital ( Copenhagen ) contains 1 CS . 584 inhabitants , and Jutland 604 61 S . in which latter place 08 , 234 live in the towns , and 530 , 414 in the country . The wife of the patriot Dembmski , who accompanied him to America after the failure of the Hungarian war , was arrested a week ago on her return to Pesth . She aad , it is said , a forged French
Dckisg the performance of Adrienne Lecouver , the other night , : it St . James ' s theatre Mddle Rachel , owing to the barking of a aog which u'ld been introduced into the theatre , was seized with a nervous attack , and compelled to retire .
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THE ICARIAN C 0 MMUKIT 5 T . Most of onr readers -will rememfoer tbat a ^ u" or two since a number of the disciples of 5 * Cabet took possession of the town of ^ voo , in Illinois , from which the Mormons er driven out to undertake tbat last emigratl 0 !) > which has ended in the foundation of a peat Empire in the heart of the great Calia - *« u 4 |/ uvi JU bill ; ilCCUt V * liUC ^ ltML \ jHiXWe have of
^ f ^ sian Desert . received copies tbe Popular Tribuue / issued by 'the Icarian yimnunity , ' from which we glean some items ln formation respecting its progresSj which M imagine will not be nuacceptable . , the first place , it is evident that the CiJnans have tue apj of mating themselves '" re agreeable to their neighbours than the ^ m ons . The Tribune' for Saturday , 12 th ft V " < contaiQS aT 1 account of the rejoiciugs at ^ Ureat National Fete , io celebrate the de-
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h ^ JtMLs / 7 ^> c ^ r TO ( & ^^ s / f ^^ y ^ r ^^^^ c ^ j ^ jr ^ pf cljlpv' / j 9 si L ^ jgafe-ft .. ^ v ^ ¦ : » ::: ¦ ::- ¦ -v : i , ^ ¦ . - .: the northern ^ U
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 16, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1639/page/5/
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