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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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iSa mt *» W , ear - > and ia-* X of devoting themselves - amity and / S feeling to the developro ' ent of Ireland ' s Industrial resources , the Island will be con-^ flrtea into a pandensaaium in the name of g fhe worst passions of our nature will waile d into plaj—hatred , malice , and all ^ charitableness wUl he fostered , and in the gjgry encounter of hostile sects , possibl y jenrders be committed under the sanction and ftr the sake of ' religion . ' ^ ^ hate B ^ ^ ffll ^ LL ?* * ' . * l
Tffe know too vrell that the voice of reason jj never listened to in the midst of each info , liated aud insane conflicts , else - we would ask ff hatpossible interest the toilin g millions- of Ireland can have in the question , whether pAm . Culeen is called Archbishop of Akiiagh or Johs M'Hale is styled Archbishop of Tuam ? Let the new Hierarch y fight with the old , for these senseless and vain nicknames , as they please- ~ what have the working to do with
classes either , but to Bnpport them in idleness and luxury * * A plague on both your bouses say we , and all the more earnestly because we perceive clearly that thev will carry on their destructive -warfare at the cost of those who cannot , by the most remote possibility , benefit by it . It is in truth only a struggle between two rival bodies as to who shall in future have the power of plundering the producers of the frnits of their labour , and of exercising spiritual tyranny over them .
Instead of the labouring millions taking up cudgels for the maintenance of either of the combatants , it is their interest that both should be deprived of every thing like the semblance of temporal or territorial supremacy . We would give no more , however , to Canterbury than Home . ' Pure religion and undefined * needs not the foreign aid of pompous and sounding titles , the gewgaw fineiy nor theatrical costumes , grouping processions , and mummeries of priestcraft of any description . These are but the external trappings which disguisa a mental thraldom and tyranny , more
fatal in its consequence than any mere temporal despotism can be . Priestcraft makes men slaves in soul . Nothing-can make them Btaad erect , for the very main-spring of independence is destroyed within them . They are taught to put darkness for light , to call evil good , and to glory in the chains they wear Every thing they do is tainted and perverted !» y the primal error under which they labour , and the mest baleful passions are gratifiec
under the sanction of the most sacred terms . ! Their practical mode of realising , « Glory to God in the highest ; on earth peace and goodwill to men , ' is to make a veritable' Hell upon earth . ' Instead of loving they hate—instead of praying for , they persecute each otherinstead of blessing , they curse—instead o helping up , they knock down . Professing the purest and most ennobling doctrines , their practice is of the most degrading- and brutalising character .
Of course we do not expect any thing we could gay to be listened , to by persons so hopelessly infatuated with these pernicious and deplorable creeds . But we shall , nevertheless , perform our duty by raising a warning voice , to all who feel an interest in the political and social improvement of the masses , against taking any part whatever in the fanatical turmoil , which is likely to ensue in the war between the Anglican and the Romish Prelacy . Let them fight their own battles , and if they worry each other like the Kilkenny Cats , alt
but the tail , so much the better . But the Reformers of this country have other and nobler duties and tasks before them . In the great year to which we are hastening , big with events of the greatest importance to the world at large , it will be their duty to see that Great Sritain participates in that cleansing process , which will carry away so much political corruption and impurity in other countries . The revolution of 1830 gave us the Reform Aftt of 183-2 . Let that of 1852 give us the People ' s Charter .
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A FLAW IN THE STAFFORD INDICTMENT . The point on which tuo charge of illegality appeared to be most clearly made out at the recent Stafford trials , was that which charged Certain of the defendants with having induced tten , who were working under contracts , to leave their Avork . It will be recollected , that the Central Committee of the National Association , as soon ns it was rumoured this had
been done , issued a placard , setting forth its illegality—disclaiming all participation in , or sanction of , such a proceeding , and warning the tin men against committing themselves , by taking a part in it . In addition io this , they communicated with the Mayor and other autnoritiesonthesubjecfc , and took otherwise every means in their power to discourage interference in the slightest degree with hired men .
It is true that doubts existed as to the legality of the contracts under which , the Perkts thought they had fettered and masacled these men , and deprived them of the right accorded by the constitution to all working men—namely , to sell their labour at their own price , and to withhold their services from any particular employer when they ilioaght fit . In equity , if not in law , contracts ought to be mutual ; but Mr . Perry's were terribly lop-sided . The workmen were required to give six months notice of leaving , even . after the expiry of the stipulated terra
of fiie contract ; while the employer was bound . only to give one month ! It is dear there was no mutuality in this ; and when the avowed object of Mr . Pbbrt is kept in view , it ie equally obvious that he deliberately and knossngly entrapped the men into these fraudulent and inequitable contracts , for the express purpose of defeating the moderate ttd just recrossts of the class to which they belonged . "Whatever may have been our opinion , however , on the conduct of the recusant Wolverhaiapton employers on this point , we confess that it always appeared to us one on which the indictment for conspiracy was strongest //! law ; and we feltno surprise , when at the close of the £ rafc trial the Jury returned a verdict against
J ) UFFIELD , TVoODXOBIH , and Gaunt , against vkom that charge was made out , though ac-COjEpauied with so many extenuating circum-Btances as to make it no offence in equity . We : £ nd , however , in the « Jarisfc' of the 9 th initac > . a report of a case which appears to us to tan parallel , in many respects , to the TrPo lyeriiampton case , and which , if sustained , must upset the Stafford indietraeut , on the only p oint on which we thought it tenable . It is true that the decision rests upon a technicality ; but the Counsel for the defendants are bound to avail tuemselves of every means in theS ? p ower to obtain an acquittal , on the ra-argttiag of the case before a Court of Error .
The facts , as far as we can glean them from the report alluded to , are these : — Joseph Aske-st contracted with the Messrs . Mayeb , totters , of Burslem , to iserve them as their servant in the business of Potters , for the term of one year , to commence from the 11 th November , 1850 . He was charged before the Magistrates with having unlawfully misdeffleaned and misconducted himself , by absenting himself from the service of bis employers without notice , or assigning any sufficient reason for so doing . The Magistrates found Askew guilty . ! of an offence under the 4 th pEo . IV ., cap / 34 , sec . 3 , of which the following is the material part : —
If any Eerrant in husbandly , Ac , shall contract intn ^ y person or persons whomsoever to serre him , her , or ttem for anv time or times whatsover , or in any other banner , and * ' shall not enter' into or commence his or her service , according to his or htr contract ( 'such contact being in writing , ' and signed bv the conirac tir . ™ par-* msJ , ' or , harinji entered into such service , shall absent Himself or herself from his or her serrice before the term < " his or her contract-, whether such contract shall be in J ^ &g or not in writing , shall be completed , or neglect ipfi'lfiU the isme , or be ggfly of any $ tber misconduct or
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SSXS ^ L " 601110 . t ] ? ereof - or other * to « »• SKSiSUKSatl - *•» *» ASKEW was committed to the House of Correction m Stafford , for this offence , but was brought up on a writ of Habeas Corpus , in the Sail Court , on the 13 th of June , when Mr HUDDLESTONE , the most active of the Prosecutors' Counsel in the Wolverhampton case , and , we believe , himself the drawer of the indictment , argued that the warrant was bad , because " there was no statement that the " »«**— » - " ¦ - mi - 1
contract was in writing , or that the prisoner had actually entered into the service of the Prosecutors . In Lindsey " Leigh , a warrant was held by the Exchequer Chamber to be invalid , because itdid not contain one or theother- ^ of these averments . " Mr . Pashlet contended that though the instrument did not contain , in terms , the averments ruled to be necessary in the case cited , yet it did sufficiently appear from it that the prisoner had entered the service , and that six months after the contract was to begin he misconducted himself by
absenting himself from work . ' Lindsey v . Lei gh laid down the rule of law , that it muBfc appear on the face on the warrant that there was a written contract , or an entry into service , not that any precise words are necessary , ' upon which Mr . Justice " Wightman , who heard the case , remarked : ' The words of the statute being " having entered the service and absented himself , '' you say it is quite sufficient , if it can be gathered from the warrant , that the prisoner entered into the service and then absented himself . You say the actual words of the statute are unnecessary . I always distrust equivalents . ' The learned Judge then proceeded to give judgment in an able
judicial argument , with -which we will not trouble our readers at length . The material portion , with reference to the argument , ' that a man could not be said to absent himself from a service wlthou having entered it , ' was as follows : It seems to me , however , this is not a necessary implication , and the words of the statute are against it ; otherwise , it would not have been necessar y to insert the words " or having entered into auch service . " " It was " held in Lindsey v . Leigh that there muBt be " an averment , either that the contract to " serve was in writing , or that the service was " entered upon . " Therefore , upon the authority of that case , in which I fully concur , and from the terms of the statute . I think the
warrant is bad , and the prisoner must be discharged . ' Now , we believe that not one of the twenty counts in the Wolverhampton indictment , contains either of the averments which are thus authoritatively ruled by Mr . Justice Wightman and the Court of Exchequer to be necessary to the legal validity of a contract between master and servant , when put in evidence
before a court of justice . In so far as the case of the Messrs . Pburys rests upon this—as we thought the strongest—part of their case , there can be little doubt that it will break down when re-argued before the Superior Court . As to the verdict against the eight defendants in the second trial , it was so preposterously defiant of both the evidence adduced , and the summing up of the Judge , that it is certain to be reversed .
The Messrs . Perry evidently feel that such must be the ultimate issue of the appeal to the higher and more impartial tribunal , before whom the question will have to be tried next term . In proportion as the exultation with which they at first hailed the prejudiced verdicts of a partizan Special Jury , has cooled down , and they have been able to scrutiniso the real nature of their triumph at Stafford ,
it has become more and more unsatisfactory . We have no doubt that they would have very much preferred the second verdict now , if it had been a little more discriminating and less hasty . As it ia , it will turn out that , in their anxiety to give the master class a decisive triumph over the working men , the Special Jury , like' vaulting ambition , ' have ' o ' erleapt themselves and fallen on 't ' other Bide . ' In
such cases it is as bad to do too much as too little . We infer that the Perrts are dissatisfied with their victory at Stafford , and look forward with dread to the defeat that awaits them in the Superior Court , from their eagerness to rush into print . Feeling that their case is radically bad , they are anxious to prejudice public opinion , and , if possible , to lead the Bench to prejudge it . Common decency should have induced them to rest content with their verdict , and to abstain from ex-parte and violent mis-statements of facts , while the question was pending a rehearing ; but they appear to have as little of that feeling as they
have of common justice in their dealings with their workmen and their brother manufacturers . The ' Daily News' having given a report of about a third of & column of the meeting recently held at the National HaD , Holborn , that report has been made the pretext for a letter of four columns and a quarter in the impression of that journal for last Wednesday , to which the name of Edward Perry is appended . Of course every body knows that Edwabd Perry never wrote a word of it , and that it is the production of the ex-editor , whose unscrupulous partizanship has been as conspicuous during the contest , as his incontinence of words . Te Gods ! how he
can pour out words J The wonder , however , is not the length of his lucubration , but its appearance in the ' Daily News . '
The tiling we know is neither rich »* r rare , But wonder feow the devil it got there . Ah ! well ! There are secrects in all trades , and we must not inform the uninitiated how special and exparle documents are made to discharge a double duty , and gratify personal spleen or vanity at the aame time that they iosrease circulation , and the cash paid to the publisher for extra copies . ' There are wheels within wheels' in thege matters , in which the eyeGf the profane must notbejermittedtolook . With respect to the document itself , it professes to be a history of the contest from the commencement , we cannot conscientiously Bay it is as Teracious as it is prolix . Neither can
we compliment the writer so much upon his good taste and gentlemanly feeling as upon his fluency . The froth y excitement , the obviously unreasoning and hostile animus , and the hailstorm of vituperative abuse with which he assails the defendants , will defeat its own object , with all who may have the job , like paiienco to wade through the monster epistle — -theatxt time Mr . Perry fathers any Windy letters let him stipulate for brevity ; but if he will take the advice of the terrible * Northern Star , ' which apparently haunts both himself and his 'man Friday' like an avenging Nemesis , he will not again write himself down an ass—a la Dogberry .
To Mr . Perry as well as to the working classes , we have to say in conclusion , that this question is now to be decided according to the facts , and the law strictly interpreted in the highest courts of judicature . Ad captandum appeals to class prejudices , calumnious misrepresentations of facts , and personal abuse , will hare no avail there . For ourselves we have felt throughout the contest , that it was beneath the dignity of the principle at stake to enter upon such wordy warfare , and hence
we have never for one moment condescended to notice the scurrilous abuse which is showered upon this journal in Mr . Perry's name . We shall not turn aside now from the straightforward course we have so long pursued . With us the contest is one of principle , not men . We fight for the emancipation and the elevation of the working classes from the thraldom of misdirected capital , and that can only be achieved by an entire change in the syateflJ , U 9 t in-itoting warfare with individuals .
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NOTES OP TRAVEL AKD TALK
I left Fleetwood in . the steamer for Belfast , at dusK iu the evening of Monday the 2 nd of June ; and as it grew both dark and stormy in abdui twd hours , and I felt somewhat qualmish , I quitted the deck , though I could have delighted in watching , all night , the electric flashes from marine animals , and the white pyramidical masses of foam that reared themselves to divide the thick darkness for a few moments , and melted away , into it as suddenly . I went down and got into bed quickly ; tb us avoiding sickness , and all feeling of it , though I had no sleep till about four in the morning , from the pitching and heaving of tha vessel ; but what a relief to get rid of that wretched feeling of sea sickness ! How to do so ? Go to bed . That ie the simple recipe .
About seven , the heaving motion of the steamer having subsided , I put on mj clothes and went on deck . We were in tbe beautiful " Lough " of Belfast , with the grand and lofty hills on our right , and a tract of country on the left so much like cultivated England that I was a little disappointed . Ireland . ' Sorely I thought the shore should have ooked a lit&e more wild and savage . But there it lay , as sensible-looking a country as any part of England ! A drizzling rain came on as we advanced along the broad water , so that I did not get a very striking impression of old CarrickfergUB , with its grim little castle by the water ' s edge , or of t&o approach to the town of Belfast . But I had , afterwards , a delightful opportunity of beholding that pleasing and majestic outline of hills above , with
the alternation ot cultivated grounds , country soats , and little towns , all along the extent of that most beautiful "Lough * , " to tho sea . The entrance to Belfast , from the harbour , is striking . The Victoria "triumphal arch " —a wry classic-looking affair , only it is a sham wooden one —stands before you ; and when you pass under and have the High-street in view , it is wonderfully fine . Sou feel proud that poor Ireland possesses so fine a city as Belfast . But all looks modern . So grand old Gothic piles—no interesting and quaint gableno shred or fragment of tho past is there , to greet the eyes of any antiquarian visitor . The churches aad chapels—and they are exceedingly numerousare very fine ; I had almost said magnificent ; but the pillared portico and triangular pediment
prevail in them all : it ib everlastingly Coi-inthian , Ionie , or Doric : not a bit of the rich Gothic to bo seen . I wonder what has given rise to this exclusive taste in tho architecture of Belfast . Was it the Presbyterian dislike of all that had been associated with Romanism ? I should think go ; and yet , when I readied Presbyterian Scotland , I found the rage for Gothic was becoming as notable as in England . The first thing that fixed my attention after my good friend , Mr . Maginnis , had received tne at the landing , was the form and make of the cabs . How funny they looked , to one used every day to seeing the rows of Broughams and Hansoms in London They were all light , naked , and unroofed vehicles the driver sits in front , but tho passengers ride
sideways , two on each side : the , carriages look almost like things with wings ; and you feel as insecure , when you first mount them , as if you wore about to attempt flying . They scour along at a rajad rate , however , on their two wheels ; and the natives smile to see a Btranger bold on , lest he should fall off . Except barelegged and barefooted children and women , nothing in the appearance of the people reminds you that you are out of England . The faces are few that resemble the Irish wo are accustomed to see about St . Giles ' s . The names on the sign boards are scarcely so often Irish , as Scotch and English ; and you are not surprised at this , when you remember , that you are in that Ulster which was colonised by Cromwell ' s Puritan soldiers .
I addressed audiences nine times during the eleven days I spent in Belfast ; none of them Targe , but all manifesting an eagerness of attention that showed something might be done among them for progress , if one knew the right way of talking to them . 1 felt , however , that I had yet to learn the method : it was clear to me , although some of the young men often applauded rather too loudly , that I was not getting fair hold of the minds of all I was talking to . They could appreciate any flash of poetic feeling or imagination , and testified it with enthusiasm any slight stroke of rhetoric produced an equal effect ; but the franchise for every grown-up man—the right of every man to share in the election Of thOEG by Whom he 13 to be governed-that
kind of appeal was received with comparative indifference , I thought . I felt resolved , if possible , to find out tbe cord I ought to strike ; and the last time I addressed them—though the subject was poetry—I went out of the way of it to di-aw them into some expression of home-feeling . The experiment was successful , but somewhat painfully so to myself . I was expressing the pleasure I had felt in visiting their country , and my gratification in finding it so much like my own : and then I von * tnred to say , that their faces BGQmed eo English , that I could hardly think they should class themselves with the Celtic race . My stars ! with what vehemence a young working man started up , and how bitterly he spurned the idea that they were either like toe English , or wished to bo like them
" Nationality , independent nationality '— -that was the darling thought and desire , I found ; and unless a speaker sympathises with that feeling , it is evident he will not be heartily relished , by even the thinking portion of the working classes of Irelnnd . I did not shrink , howevMf , ftom uttering my conviction that the separation of Ireland from England was impracticable ; and avowed , that , as an Englishman , I could not desire it , though I did not wonder that Irishmen wished for it , when they remembered the 700 years of misgovernment and wrong ibeir country had experienced from mine . I endeavoured also to show them , that if they would join us in trying to get the People ' s Charter—and every man of them could , with us , share in choosing a good government—they would thereby be benefited , much more effectually , than by setting up a rude , " independent nationality , " which might not , after all , give them Manhood Suffrage . But it was
evident that they had no strong sympatny with the distinct idea of Chartism , though they fired up at the enunciation of broad democratic doctrines , and were eager to welcome the names of Mazzini , Kossuth , and Louis Blanc . I ventured to touch another tender argumentnamely , that if they could win the " independent nationality , " it was but too probable that Catholic and Presbyterian would be cutting each other ' s throats in a few weeks . There waB a strong response to the truth of this remark , but nqefrom the working men ; though they seemed to be so fav persuaded of its probability , as to express no dissent . A residence of some months among them , might develop to one the best way of creating a feeling of a more fraternal nature towards Englishmen ; but I must confess I did not discover this way while I was among the Irish peoplo—if the inhabitants of Belfast-are really to be classed
among them . By a very small portion of the middle class , views of progress are warmly entertained ; and by one most amiable and intelligent family , I was received witn a degree of kindness that I shall never cease to remember . By these intelligent few , and by the very elite of the working men , mj friend Maginnis , the Unitarian Minister , is seconded in his laudable attempts to spread free thought on political and theological subjects , I have seen few men that I believe to be so thoroughly truehearted ; but he has a sore up-hill fight to sustain , in a town like Belfast . I could almost wish that hia excellent nature were planted in a soil more congenial to its growth ; and yet Belfast needs an addition to its few strugglers for mental advancementrather than a diminuition of their number .
, The nearer drew the time for my departure from the shores of old Ireland , the deeper was my regret that I could not see some of its natural grandeur , such as the mountains of Donegal—or view the beauty of its capital : for people will talk about these things to you , till they " make your month water , " as we say . Not a flower or weed could I find but such as I had gathered in England in mj childhood—except the wild sea-pink and a few netf lichens , near the sea-side at the entrance of the " Lough . " It is true I saw a few things that looked strange—such as the sea-weed called
" dullat , " which poor women sold in the streets by half-pennvworths , and which is eaten , it seems , as a kind of " treat . I tasted it once ; but egad , 1 declined it a second time ! Neither flowers or fields , buildings or people , seemed foreign—though I knew thero was much to be seen of that character , if I had had the opportunity ; and while the steamer was making her way over the calm sea , and we vrero nearing the coast of Scotland , I watched the fading shore of old Ireland with an inexpressible feeling of regret that I had not seen more of its human tribes , as well as of its
surpassing scenery . Ailsa Craig ! what a charm to the sight is that huge conical rock , standing so BOlkarily in the waves , as you approach the Scottish coast , and make way towards the mouth of tbe Clyde . The peaks of tho Isle of Arran , too , how bold and imposing ! There is nothing like these as you approach the English coast ; they give you a sublime warning that you are about to enter the " land of the mountain and tho flood "—the land of romantic beauty .
We landed at Ardrossau by eight in the evening ( leaving Belfast at one in the afternoon of Saturday ) , and in Ie 3 s than two hours I was in the streets of Glasgow , and was welcomed by the hospitality of my friend Mr . Clarke , also a Unitarian minister . I had never been in Scotland before ; and though I had heard much of the beauty of Edinburgh , no one had ever praised the appearance of Glasgow in my hearing . I . therefore saw Ub Argyle-street , its Exchange , and its squares and streets to the west with the utmost surprise . I do not hesitate to sa y
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25 &I h ? partef Qla 8 g ° w ismore 8 tateIy ?^ Ln , r T , bullt tn * n any town in England except ^ v rTnf S f » that the Contrast Between the JK ™' of . the ° W town , and these £ uperb parts of TondonV ^ Yu 17 n ° tabl < 3 ; but the ^ "astB W tSfni Hr / l "i isefy ' P ecially a « 1 had no what disSi , , - ndt 0 ' mat sonibro looksrhurchea wh ? ? e of tho si " § le bells k «•» hnusf ll ^ . a drfary olosin « ° f e ™ 7 8 a ° P and bliou ^ nLVOng , ? drawlin S kmow lugu . vou p aSZi ;^ l [ nara 9 of "Hb tunes , '' as ? r £ ii ^ ! u - ; what tro ° P P ° P aU wendmg solemnly to thok rk . and Wki , £ ™ uh ™ * n ^ M
, Ser / * " the ^ I = | red hitheTan fain ( for T nZat the buiidin S > tiU l ™ * ™* mtfr « ( LT * Z v contro 1 niv our ' " ? when I taKJ ^ W- ^ d I sought a place of enterff IKS u W r drink -it was-awful word & £ .,, Shi tbe S * bbath ! " S an t ( > feel 8 « S ^ n * W ? | ' J 8 llbbatlliwlf « looked about wr a cab : but I had to plod mv drearv wav down 3 Li reet bef 0 re l ^ ° S and Sen Lay I went , and esoonced myself from eo much that wa « dismal among my friend Clarke ' s books . w / aimi ^ ° * ut of Glas S ow for m ° than three « S& SW f 0 Ur tlmes t 0 ta ] k at PftWey , and sundry overtimes to talk at Ban-head , Kilbarchan , and Gampsie . In Glasgow itself I adrlrpSS <» rf anriii
ences hve times in the ' Uiiitariaa chapel , and once m the Lyceum , Nelson-street . I Boon found the ™™ taal fttnioBphere t 0 bevOTy different from that ot Belfast . It was no longer difficult to make oneself understood , or to touch the chord of sympay ; . t I ^ aB evidently talking to a critical P ° \ } ^ } h * 8 arae > mP «» sion all the way through Scotland ; and everywhere I was surrounded by working men , who gave powerful indications of mind—though I did not think every individual I met tree from wrongheadednesa , nor , above all , ™ Tk 2 ? u , there i 3 tQ 0 much vain talk a ° our Scottish education , " and asmost ungracious and discourteous undervaluing of the mental training of the English . Of course this is to be found among those Scotchmen who have never been out of Scotland . It is time all these foolish prejudices were laid aside . Scotchmen ought to know that throughout . the whole length and breadth nf
England working men are as eager for education , and in as great numbers , too , as the working men to be found anywhere north of the Tweed . But their prejudice is not confined to the notion of their superior education . The majority of the Scotch—ay , even they who are professed freethinkers—evince such a tenderness respecting their " sabbath" that if you happen to hum a line of a song or to whistle on the Sunday , they look as if tbey were about to swoon . You tell them that you regard their ^ notion of the Sunday as absurdly tyrannous , and creative of hypocrites . They do not deny it ; but they answer with a stolid solemnity that provoki-B your mirth , " Ay , but it is our Scottish Sabbath ! "—and there they think the
conversation ougbt to end . One ot the most vinegar instances of Sabbatarianism that I met in Scotland , was at Paisley . The friend who had been commissioned to invite me to talk there directed me to a Temperance Hotel . On the Sunday , having spent the forenoon in writing letters in my sleeping room , ( not being allowed to write them elsewhere ) , I went down stairs , towards two o ' clock , and said cheerfully , "Now landlord what have you got for dinner ? " The man ' s face became three inches longer ! " Dinner , sir , " he answered , " do you no ken it ' s the Sabbath ? " The words , and the man ' s look , were so strange , that I asked him , in my perplexity , what he Said , although I had heard him plainly enough . Ho repeated hia question , and I could not help , somehow or other
, appealing to his satanic majesty whether such a question was not strange . " What tho d— -, " said I , " has the Sabbath to do with my dinner ? Do you think an Englishman is to go without hia dinner , because it is what you call the Sabbath ? " He looked unutterable things , but , without saying more went into the kitchen , and began conversing in a low tone with the landlady . Very soon he beckoned me , and when I had rejoined him be said ia a mygterioug tone , " Ye ken it" ye'U stay till the people are gone to tho Kirk I'll get ye a nt- ? ak !" I was in danger of laughing in his face , though he looked inexpressibly serious . When his company , ( who had been sitting silently in various rooms , disousaing biscuits , tracts , and teetotal drinks ) , had
disappeared , the steak was brought up . I asked , waggishly , if he could not get mo a drop of porter . 1 Nay , nay , " he replied very firmly , " Nae porter . " The man . was truer to his teetotalism than to his sour Sabbatarianism , after all ! His conscience was bound by appearances in one case , and it led to hypocrisy . In the other it was guided by conviction , and ho preserved his truth . Of course I did not trouble him with my company again . The following Sunday when I had to be at Paisley again , I went to the principal inn , and the * & dinner was served up , and all things went on as they do in any English hotel . Tho lesson was not lost upon me . I took care never to be sourly circumstanced again while in Scotland . , it is this gloomy , slavish , spul-grinding doctrine &nd practice of Sabbatarianism , which raises one's
combatireness , perpetually , in Scotland . As for a little conceit of their " odueation , " why ,-1 suppose we must excuse it . Englishmen have also their conceit ; and so " Jet that pass , " The sturdy independence of some , and the natural cheerfulness of the many , among the Scotch , make one wonder that this irksome bondage is borne bo long . The rise of the " Free Kirk , " too , they say , has tightened the general bondage—for the new sect vies with the old in setting the exanple of strictness , I heard that tome parties had bees summoned before the auttiovities in Arbroath , and \ fined for walking out on the Sunday \ Perhaps it is to be desired that such instances should increase—even till they attempt to nail up people ' s doors and windows on the Sunday . May tho Scotch have enough of it , say I—till they end it ! Thomas Coopbb . ( To be continued . )
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m < THE UBBERLET COLLIERY ACCIDENTCENSURE OP THE GOVERNMENT . The inquest on the seven sufferers by th © late catastrophe at the Ubberley coal mines , Staffordshire , was opened on Wednesday morning , at the Saracen's Head Inn , Crown Bank , Shelton , before Wai . Harding , Esq ., coroner . The government , although apprised of tbe event in the terms of the statute 13 th and 14 th Viet ., did not appoint any perBon to appear on behalf of the public . Tin ' s circumstance called forth the remarks of all present , as the public of the neighbourhood are filled with all sorts of suspicions on the subject . On tho jury being sworn , the coroner addressed them on the nature of the investigation they were called upon to pursue . In reference to the act 13 th and 14 th Viet ., chap . 100 , which rendered it obligatory on the coalmaster or his agent to give notice
to the Secretary of State within twenty-four hours after the occurrence of the accident , and that the said parties were liable to a penalty Of not less thaD £ 10 or more than £ 20 t he said this was one of the most extraordinary acts of parliament he ever knew . Ho had always acted up to tho section of the act , but he had never had an inspector present at any inquest he had eyer held . He had written to tbe Secretary of State in cases of neglect , and bad received a communication to the following effect : "I am desired by the Secretary of State to acknowledge your communication informing him of the death of so and so "—and there it rested . This was the most absurd act he ever knew ; but if it was carried out properly it might be one of the most useful laws . During the investigation , the following letter was handed to the coroner : —
" Whitehall , Aug . IS . " Sib , —lam directed by Secretary Sir George Grey to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 18 th inst ., reporting an accident attended with loss of life , which occurred at the Ubberly Colliery . "I am , Sir , your obedient servant , ( Signed ) " II . Wadwkcton . "John Bidgway , Esq . " This letter was a mere lithographed form , tho blanks being filled in . The jury , having heard the evidence , delivered in a verdict , "That the deceased , George Mountford , came by his death from the accidental ignition of tho sulphureous gas within the mine , and that this gas was ignited by the candles which the men held in their hands at the time . " They also added a strong complaint that the government did not send down an inspector to survey the works , and afford them the benefit of his scientific knowledge and experience . A similar verdict was then at once gireu in each of the other eases , and the jury retired .
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HP" TnE Eari of chichester has given an acre of land on the noith-west part of Lindfield-common as the site for a school and school-house in connexion with the Established Church .
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. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION nw UNITED TRACES , ° T , S . Buncombe , Esq ., M . P ., Presi dent . Established 1845 . " piai jusiim . " "Ifitwcrdpossible for the working classes , by combining among themselves , to raise , or keep up the general rate of wages , it need hardly be said that this would bo a thing not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced at . " Stvxut iliti . The aim and end of tho late prosecutions are the destruction of tho National
Association of United Trades , admitted by Sergeant Allen to be one of the moat formidable confederations of modern times . The first indictment we believe to have been levelled perso « nall y at the eccentric but straightforward George Duffield ; the second , entirely at the Association . We are informed that a tempting reward was offered to any one who would enable Mr . Perry to procure a conviction against either of these parties . It is , however , quite dear that the destruction of , the National Association was , if possible , to be accomplished ; and certainl y thoy have not been very choice either in their tools or their workmen . We may feel it our duty to give miblicitr to some uctie
moments connected with the late trial , to prove to what disgraceful expedients our per-Jhftr prepared to stoop to accomplish their vile designs . The Central Committee pledged themselves to their members and the working &T f !? ' that the 8 acred right of conf . Liw ? K W * the Protection of industry , should be by them defended , faithfully and honestly . They have thus far redeemed theiv pledge , and are prepared , if their fellow workmon think their rights worth defending still to persevere , and have no do . uht of ultimately succeeding in achieving for labour a signal , honourable , and glorious triumph . The precise nature of our future operations we may not publicly speculate upon—suffice it to
say , that every effort will be made to bring the great question at issue before the very highest Court of Judicature in the kingdom . We are neither surprised nor alarmed at the verdict of the jury—we believe that verdict will have very little influence on tho final settlement of the question . The verdict being the result of prejudice , exercising itself upon evidence marked throughout by the most extraordinary contradictions , and in its most important parts by tho most unblushing and palpable untruths , ia morally worthless , and can only remain on record until we are in a condition to obtain a public exposure of its worthlessness . This is a point scarcely
within our control—it rests with tho working classes . The Times has put forth a feeling appeal to the manufacturing interests on behalf of its proteges—the Perrys , "We are informed , " says tho Times , "that thesejprosecutions have already cost Mr . Perry upwards of £ 1 , 000—it isto be hoped that the manufacturers will not permit Mr . p evry to bear all these expenses upon himself . It is their battle that he is so magnanimously and so ably fighting . " Wo may then , we think , with equal justice , and quite as good taste , renew our public appeal for a prompt and liberal subscription for tho sinews of war , without which no battle can bo fought and won .
To the members of the National Association of United Trades we now emphatically and strongly appeal . There are many of you have been largely benefited by your connexion with a movement vrhicli , from its peaceful successes , has made itself feared and hated by tho petty tyrants of trade , and who now undisguisedly conspire to accomplish its ruin . The time is then come when your interest , as well as your duty , should prompt you to rush to the rescue . Your sympathies alone are of no avail . We require something more substantial thau " good wishes and God speed . " We have a joint stock purse marshalling against us . "We must be prepared to grapple with it , pound for pound . Wo invite our members at once to take this subject up in earnest . We claim , and we think with justice , a liberal and continuous contribution , to enable us to enter with becoming spirit , upon this new campaign in defence of our rights .
To the Trades of Great Britain and Ireland we say , this is not alone a question in which we and our associates are involved . It is your battle as much as ours . The sentence which dooms us to a prison for " peaceful persuasion , " sounds the funeral knell Over the lost remnant of your industrial rights . That sentence , whenever it is pronounced , places you and your children abgect slaves , under the iron heel of capital . We claim credit for having thus far performed our duty faithfully ; we shall still continuo the uncompromising defenders of the freedom of labour . The rest is with you . The prosecutors in this caso are not the Perrys . They are the manufacturers of the Midland Counties , and the defendants are , the working classes of Great Britain and Ireland , and may God defend the right . William Pbel , Secretary . in — i ¦ i i »> i ^ i
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-a j ^ j ^ - . _ FACTS AND INCIDENTS OP THE GREAT EXHIBITION . On Saturday last 16 , 741 persons visited the Crystal Palace , and £ 1 , 621 7 « . 6 d . was taken at the doors . On Monday the Crystal Palace was again largely attended , the arrivals having been 51 , 525 according to the police returns . The Lapland giantess , exhibiting at Saville House , Leicester-square , was among the visitors , and excited considerable curiosity . The building . will open at nine o ' clock , and close at six henceforward , to the end of the Exhibition . The total receipts amounted to £ 2 , 511 168 . On Tuesday £ 2 , 77316 s . was taken at the door 8 , and the number of visitors was 57 , 059 .
App ointment of the Dax for its FlNAJt CLOSiKfl . —A full meeting of the JEtoyal Commissioners , at which Prince Albert , Lord John Russell , and Lord Granville were present , was held on Tuesday at the Crystal Palace , when it was decided to close the exhibition to the public on Saturday the 11 th of October . It is the intention of the commissioners to hold a meeting in the building on Wednesday , the 15 th of October , at twelve o ' clock , to receive the report of the several juries , and to take leave of the foreign commissioners . On this occasion they intend to request the presence of tbe exhibitors , the jurors , the foreign andlocal commissioners , and the members of the local committees . Immediately after the close of their proceedings ,
permission will be given to the exhibitors to remove their goods , subject to such regulations as may be madefy tha Executive Committee . The reports of the jurieB , and the names of the persons to whom prizes Bhall have been awarded , will afterwards be published in the London Gazette . It is the desire of the Royal Commissioners not only ip present medals to the individuals to whom tjie juries may have awarded them , but to mark their sense of the great exertions of all the exhibitors , and also of the jurors , tho foreign and local commissioners , the chairmen , treasurers , and secretaries of local committees , and other persons who have rendered services in promoting the Exhibition , and to present them with a permanent memorial of the
undertaking , b y distributing medals to each , accompanied by a certificate and a copy of the reports of tbe juries . The three medals , of which the designs were originally approved , are intended to be applied as follows : —That by Mr . Leonard Wyon will be distributed to the prizemen selected by the juries ; that by M , Bonnardel will be given in certain cases recommended by the council of chairmen , not as a mark of excellence in degves 6 » t ^ e part of those who receive it , but for reasons which the council of chairmen have been requested to state specially in their reports ; the medal designed by Mr Adams will be given to the juror ' s . In addition to these medals to be struck , which Will be presented respectively to the exhibitors , and to those who have rendered otc « r services to the Exhibition . The great number of the medals , books , and certificates which will thus be presented obviously renders
the distribution of them on a single occasion a physical impossibility . On the OlhOl' hand , the commissioners feel that it would bo invidious to select any person to receive their merJals at one time , and to omit others . And further , it ia clearly desirable that the medals , tho certificates , and the reports , should be presented simultaneously , and the length of time which must neeesa&rily elapse before the whole of them can be prepared makes it difficult to fix any piecise day on whioh the distribution could be effected . Under these circumstances the Royal Commissioners have come to the conclusion that it will be most desirable to fix a limited period within which each individual may make such arrangements for receiving medals , books , and certificates from the commission , as may best suit his personal convenience . Due notice will be given on tbis point as soon as tbe commissioners arc able to fix a time for the
distribution to commence . The Bale of season tickets on , Wednesday produced £ 110 s . The money taken at the doors amounted to £ 2 , 217 8 s ., making a total of £ 2 , 218 ISs . The police report gives the number of visitors nt 44 . 567 . On Thursday the receipts at tho doors of the bviiWing amounted to £ 2 , 470 2 s ., and the number of visitors was 50 , 482 . Count Guicciabdisi ia among tue many foreign visitors now in Scotland . The count , who is ° a descendant of the well-known Italian historian was guilty of a crime which is now unpardonable in Italy—that of perusing tho Bible—and for this he is now an exile . During his stay at Edinburgh he waa the guest of Mr . Sheriifl Jameson g
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STANDARD THEATRE . tti T , entertainments at this house commenced wiiu a nautical drama , entitle The . Life Haft ; or , a ** t Reefers - which bids fair to ensure a high degree of popularity . Tho piece is well actod , and * ££ H !!! V' esPeoially m tho last act , is above tho average description . The Trial , and Triumphs of KTlrf ^ ° f ° , founde < l "Pen the celebrated Sils of inSm n ° ° o ^ ea 3 On - *» cr iptfTO of the evils of intemperance Some of the LbUaux arc of a very high artistic order . The whole stren « t ! i Of the company is brought into effective operation , and all acted well . It would be invidiou s to single
out any for particular observation . The piece from the peD of Afr . Dibdin Pitt , ia well written , aud is free from tho bigotry and cant too often introduced into similar subjects . . The concluding piceo is the drama of Alonxoihe Brave , founded upon the old metrical romance of " Alonzo the Brave and the Fair Ir aogene . " The dresses and scenery were appropriate , and it abounded in the usus . 1 quantum of spectral horrors , Mr . Gaaton , &a Alonzo , was much applauded . Mr . Lyon did full justice to the character of Abdallab , the Moor ; and Mrs . Hugh Campbell Bhono to great advantage as Imogine , the Moorish captive maid . The hous-d waa crowded to excess , and all seemed perfectly brtuhed with the performance .
ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . Tho ohemical professor to this institution , Mr . Pepper , has just commenced his third and concluding lecture on the GemBand Crystals in the Great Exhibition-his present subject being on the Ema * raid , the Beryl , the Opal , the Onyx , and the Agate , oi which sand , or tbat which the chemists term siticie , is the chief ingredient . We have seen the various domestic uses of sand ; we know that it enters largely into the composition of glass , but we were not prepared to see it tortured by ohomical means into a transparent liquid by a combination with excess of alkai , or to appreciate it in tho gaseous and invisible etate by its unioh with fluorine . But as
change—incessant change-seems to be the law in Chemistry , and the retort and alembic still work their wonders , of course surprise is out of the question . And here justice compels us to state that our present report ia incomplete , because we cannot create on paper those experiments which take one so easily through a ohemical lecture . Suffice it to say , that such delicate and careful manipulations do infinite good , because the numerous experimentslike pictures in a book—induce and force the mini to read in order to understand them . Tho lecture hall was densely crowded , and the audience most justly applauded the professor throughout tho admirable lecture .
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OFFICIAL MANAGER OF THE LAND COMPANY .
We have received a considerable number of letters , with reference to tbe appointment to this important office . Having made inquiries , we are now in a position to date , that Mr , AlNGEK , one of the candidates , is perfectly independent of all parties , and will perform the duties of the office with strict impartiality and justice to all concerned . He has had considerable experience in the discharge of similar duties , is a gentleman of thorough business habits and great energy , and under his management , if appointed , we believe the affairs of the Land Company would be wound up as speedily and as satisfactorily as the facts of the case will permit .
We may add , that next week we shall give an abstract of the Winding-up Act , and an explanation of the exact position in which matters now stand , which will be very valuable to all who have any claims upon tho Company .
Mr . M'Manus . —The Citizen ( Cincinnati paper ) says : —We have been favoured with a eopyofa letter irom M'Manus , received by hia friend and compatriot , John B . Dillion , now a resident of out city : — " San Pkancisco , June li , 1851 . " My Dear old Friend akd ComraDJS i —I havo bat&ly iitfie io announce to you by this mail my arrival on the free shores of America . After going through an ordeal of punishment in Van
pieman's Land little short of what you can imagine tlio flames of ¦— to be . I out-manojU " vored my tyrants there and escaped , saving toy parole of honour , and leaving t&aui in utter contusion . I am so overpowered by the excess oi kindness of the citizens of San Francisco since my arrival here , that I cannot find an instant to arraDge my ideas to give you particulars . My poor comrades , behind , wove m us good health as could well be expected under the tortures they endure . Believo me very affectionately your friend , " Terrkncb Bku . ewM' 11 a )! tib . "
A public dinner was given to Mr . M'Manus on the 13 th « lt . The Alta Galifvmia say 9 j—At seven o ' clock about throo hundred persona aat down to ft table groaning with the luxuries of California . Charles J . Brenham , Mayor of San Francisco , wa « in the chair . On his right hand was Mr . M'Manus , the guest of the evening , and on his left wag I , Butler King . Among the invited guests were Hod , Iaaac B , llolmos , of South Carolina ; Hon . Wm . M . Gwin , Hon . B . P . M'Lean , of Maryland ; Hon . P . W . TompkJns , of Mississippi ; Judge H . C . Murray , Judge C . Smith , Gen . Greene , Col . Weller , and Gen . John E . Addison . Ameng the persons participating on the occasion , were a large number of our Irish citizens .
The Fratbhnal Home , TuRNMiii-aiREET . —We are informed that all the Hungarian and Polish Refugees lately sheltered in Turnmill-atreet—info the exception of five—have obtained some occupa « tion . Of the remaining five , two are invalids , and three are aged officers . It is with regret , but with , out surprise , we learn that there are several debts unpaid , and that the rent is in arrear . The whol « of the liabilities amount to about £ 30 , for which Mr . Thomas Brown , the earnest and inefatigabla secretary , is responsible . By his exertions mainly one hundred and fifty men were prOTided 'With food and lodging , and situations obtained for them , pr the means of returning tb the continent . This . too .
it will be recollected , was effected in the face of much opposition , and in spite of tho withdrawal of the sympathy and support of the middle classea . Nothing but the very grcategt zeal and dateraination on hia part , could have effected Buch results , and it would be too bad , even were ho able to meet the liabilities , to saddle him with the debts due by the " Fraternal Home . " But Mr . Brown is only » working man , and totally unable to discharge to heavy a debt as £ 30 , he therefore appeals to hit Democratic friends throughout the country fo » assistance . For himself he asks nothing . Ho is
content to begin the world anew ; but he hopei that he will not be called upon to do so with a millstone of deht—contvacted for tho benefit of othera —round his neck . Wo trust that his appeal will be responded to in the same liberal and disinterested spirit in which he sacrificed his time and energies for the Hungarian and Polish Refugees , and that the aum required to free him from pecuniary difficulties on their account , will bo forthwith Bub « scribed . We shall be happy to receive subscriptions at this office , and acknowledge them in our colsMna .
Deaih of Tom SFRUiG , op ire Castle , Hoibobn . — Tkoniaa Winter , who , upon his first appearance in the pugilistic arena , adopted the name of Spring , as a « o »» de guerre , a practice by no means uncommon with actors on another stage , is no more . After aoute suffering from disease of the heart , dropsy supervening from the impossibility of taking active exercise , the ex-champion expired on Wednesday morning at a little before six . Extensite Fire . —A most destructive fire
broke out on Wednesday morning- in the extensive stores of Mr . Charles Tennent and Co ., of St . Rollox , situated in Wellingtonstreet and Horne-streot . The building ; which is entirely destroyed , was four stories in height , with sunken flat . It occupied a space of about 100 feet by 80 , and when we mention tbat it was filled from top to bottom with such inflammable materials as oil , sumach , madder , sago , turpentine , and sulphur , our ^ readers may perhaps more easily conceive than we can describe the alarm _ which the unfortunate occurrence produced in the neighbourhood . Th © premises were insured .
A Max s Uvz Saved bt a Girl . —A , fnw ( Java ago a email boat , while going off to pilot a vessel making for the port of Carenton , was \ j pset in a sudden squall , and the man in her waa precipitated £% M ate / ; v , / ? , ° T exevtion ^ managed to get hold of the keel of the boat , calling at tha same time for aBB ' wtanco . A young girl who heard his cries jumped into a skiff , and , notwithstanding the violence of the wind and waves , pushed off to ms assistance , and fortunately rescued him just as his strength was becoming exhausted . But for this timely aid , in a few minutes more he would have let go his hold and been drowned .
Manslaughter . —On Thursday a carman , named Daniel Tubitt , was committed to tfewgate W " Petty Sessions at Twickenham , on t 1 " ... 0113 ' !® , ? manslaughter , with having . killed » « JJ « S * S 1 Cornelius Donovon , by leaving his horso and car in a certain road unattended .
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THE HONESTY FUND . MCEIYH ) nr JOHN ARNOTT . £ a . d . William Dunn , Xethevton , Dudley , Worcestershiio t 006 <» . - — MONIES RECEIVED Fob the Wbbk Ending Thursday , August 21 st , 1851 . NATIONAL CHARTER FUND . Received by Joiw An : « oiT . ~ B ! 'islol , per W . Shehan 6 s -Phmouth pfp A . W . Blackler 8 s-Merth > v Tydvil , per J . Owen 10 s- ^ South Shields , per II . Hains 5 % -Wl , ie Horse ( Late Crown and Anchor ) locality , per J . Hulett 4 b . —B . Stalln-ooa Is—Crook ( near Bisliop AucklaudJ per J . Wilson 53 . —Total £ 119 e .
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W " t »>» 1 THE NORTHERN STAR . ¦ - " —
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 23, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1640/page/5/
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