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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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TO LOTJIS KOSSUTH . flow shall wa welcome thee , whose name Is heard on every tongue ? How shall we welcome thee , whose fame . Throug h all free landB hath rung ? The ruler of a g lorious land , The laurel round thy brow ; The banished from thy fatherland , Kutayeh ' s exile now . How shall we welcome thee , whose life Such chang ing scenes hath known 1 The seat of power—the baitle-strife—Eutayeh ' s fortress alone . How shall we hail thy advent here , Among true hearts and free ? In silence , or with echoing cheer , Say , shall we welcome thee ? In silence deep yet eloquent Firn gare upon his face , "Who strove with patriot zeal to raise The noble Magyar race . Think of his land down-trodden , ' His home deserted now , And sadly , silently entwine The cypress round his brow . Then let Britannia ' s welcoming King ont—cheer after cheer , — Europe shall catch the echoes , Tyrants and serfs shall hear . Before his true nobility Let earth ' s great names taw down An exile , yet a conqueror , — Bring forth the laurel crowa . EBFa
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The History of Mary Omen of Scots . By F A- Mignet . Vol . I . London ; Benfley . THE Bex , the fascinations , and the misfortunes of Mary Stuart , as well as the probable influence of her deposition , imprisonments , and death , in shaking the superstitious reverence for authority , and originating the modern democracy , have attracted more attention to her story than to that of any modern or even
ancient monarch . Mary has not , ' like her prototype Cleopatra , been depicted by Shake-Bpere , but she has been the theme of more poets and romancists than any other historical personage ; her history has been treated by authors of every caBt and calibre ; the documents professing to illustrate it surpass any collection upon any other historical subject , where the events were not patent to the world &i the time of their occurrence or recorded in
public muniments . The author has availed himself of the latest materials which modern industry has brought to light upon the subject , and added some information of his own , derived from inedited Spanish documents . These relate to different subjects reported to the Spanish Court ; but their chief novelty regards the negotiations for the marriage between Mary and the unfortunate Don Carlos , son of Philip the Second of Spain . - The book thus contains the pith of all the new information upon Mary ' s career , and of the evidence against or in favour of her character .
The historian ' s conclusions on this vexed question are put forth with a calmness approaching to indifference , but with the decision of a judgment or a verdict . Mary ' s imprudence and levity before her marriage with Darnley , her adultery with BothweD , her probable complicity in her husband ' s murder , and her connivance at Bothwell ' s abduction , are rather received as evidence than treated as matters requiring argument to prove . Her alleged guilt withBiccio , and someother mean persons is left unsettled , though the charges are stated . M . Mignet gives a minute account of the circumstances connected with the murder of
Darnley , the Queen ' s husband , founded on a careful examination of the papers , which bear strongly against the Queen as an accomplice in the murder . The estrangement between them commenced with the favour shown by the Queen to Riccio , whOBe assassination , in her presence , added bittterness to her previous apathy . Then arose in her mind a fatal passion for BotbweQ , which her courtiera readily jradex-Btood . They offered by Darnley's * removal ' to prepare the way for a marriage with the new favourite . The Queen told them to do nothing * by which any spot might be laid on her honour . ' Bothwell engaged all her friends and connexions in the plot : — - \> nt the
Queen , was she a consenting party ? M . Mignet thus answers the question : — She still retained feelings of distrust and animosity towards Darnley , whom she now accused of conspiring against her life . According to statements attributed to William Diegate and William TYalcar , two servants of the Archbishop of Glasgow , but which they denied when they were interrogated and confronted , the King had resolved to BeSethe person of the young Prince , his son to have him crowned without delay , and to govern in his name . Out of fear of this chimerical plot , the Queen removed the Prince . Royal from Stirling to
Edinburgh . * * The day after she had expressed herself with such suspicious severity of Darnley , she set out for Glasgow , to lavish marfee of the strongest affection upon him whom she judged so unfavourably , and detested so thoroughly . Darnley , who was still an invalid , was greatly surprised at this unexpected visit . He Knew that Mary Stuart had recently spoken of him in very harsh terms , and he had received some vague warnings of the Craigmillar conspiracy . Be dxd not conceal his apprehensions from the Queen , but told her that he had learned from the Laird of ilinto that she iad refnsed to sign a paper which bad been presented to her , authorising his seizure . added
and if he resisted , his assassination . He that he would never think that she , who was his own proper flesh , would do Mm any hurt ; and then , with more vanity than confidence , he declared that if any others fibonid intend to injure Mm , he would sell his life dear , unless they took him sleeping . Mary in her turn remindedI nun of his intention to retire to the Continent , and of the project attributed to him by Hiegate and Walear . He affirmed that he had never been serious in his threats of departure , and denied the second charge with vehemence . After hawngreproached him with Msfeara and suspicions , and evinced moregentieness and less aversion towards him than usual , Mary
tad no ^ difficulty in regaining all her former influence over him . The author comes to the conclusion that—Blinded by passion , and obedient to the ferocious and abitious will of her lover , Mary Stuart went to Glasgow to gain Darnley's confidence by manifesting a hypocritical interest in his condition , that ehe might p lace him in the handa of his enemies . And here is a chain of the circumstantial evidence by which he supports that opinion : — ¦ RnrtroBtt hartTlaeeuin her service , as valet , a
Preuchman named Sicolas Hubert , who had been his own servant for very many years , and who was usually called Paris , from the place of his birth . This Paris , who was one of the agents employed by Ms old master in the execution of the plot against the King ' s life , accompanied the Queen from Edinburgh to Glasgow when she paid Darnley her late visit . Two days after her arrival , Alary Stnart sent Mm back to Bothwell with a letter which atteats at once the affection which she felt for Bothwell and the part wMch she took in his sinister design . "Beine departed from the p lace where I left my hear ^ She sa ^ r " itis easy to be judged what was countenance" After having gmn him m » .
my . countof her journey to Glasgow and . having de-Bcribed to Mm Darnley ' s fearful mistrust and affectionate demonstrations , ss they are mentioned in the deposition of Thomas Crawford ( a gentleman in the service of the Earl of Lennox , to J " ™ Darnley communicated Ms interview with * ne Queen ) , she went on to say , — "I have never seen Mm better , or speak so humbly ; and if I had not known from exp erience that hia ^ Wt is as soft as wax and mine as hard as diamond , I should almost have taken nity on him . However , fear nothing .
She was nevertheless disguBted at the perfidy wiicn ier passion induced her to practice , and which she called her hateful deliberation . " You constrain me so to dissimulate , " she added , " thatlam horrified , seeing that you do not merely force me to play the part of a traitoress . I pray you remember that if desire to p lease you did not force me , I would rather die than commit these things ; for my heart bleeds to do them . In brief , - he will not come with me nnless upon this condition , that I will promise to use in common with him a single table and the
same bed as before ; and that I shall not le ave him so often ; and that if I will do this , he will do all I wish , and will follow me . " Carried away by * h e v iolence of her love , she fold Botfcwell that she * ould obey Mm in all things j and begged him not
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to conceive a bad opinion of her ; " because , " she continued , " you yourself are the occasion of it : I would never act against him to gratify my own private revenge . " . She did not ; conceal the object she had in view—an object which was attained two months after the murder of Darnley , by Bothwell'B divorce from Lady Jane Gordon , and marriage to herself . * The original p lan of conducting theKingto Craigmillar nad been abandoned , because he had evinced great repugnance for the place , But he had consented to remain at Kirk of field until Ms health should be completely restored . * This house had formerly belonged to the prebendaries of the Kirk of Field , and was not at all adapted for the reception of a King and
Queen . Small , confined , and ill-furnished , it con * aisled only of two stories , one of which contained a cellar and another room , and the other a gallery which extended above the cellar , and a bed-chamber which corresponded with the room on the ground floor . Nelson , Darnley ' s servant , when he arrived at Kirk of Field , was about to prepare the Duke of Chatelherault ' s house , for the reception of his master . But the Queen prevented him , and directed him to Balfout ' s house , whither the necessary furniture waB conveyed , and which Bothwell had evidently chosen that he might carry out his murderous intentions with greater facility . Darnley was established on the first floor , where his three servants , Taylor , kelson , and Edward Simons
occupied the gallery , which served at once as a wardrobe and cabinet . The cellar on the ground floor was transformed into a kitchen , and the Queen had a bed prepared for herself in the room immediately below that in which the King slept . She also directed that the door at the foot of the staircase , which communicated between the ground floor and the upper rooms , should be removed . Thus installed , though very uncomfortably , by Darnley ' s side , she passed several nights under the same roof with him . Her assiduity , her attention , and the manifold proofs which she gave him of her affeotion , were all well calculated to dispel Msfears . Whilst Mary Stuart seemed to h ave returned to her former in
affection for Darnley , Bothwell was occupied making all due preparations for the murder . In addition to those accomplices of hig h rank , whose cooperation he had secured at Craigmillar , and on subsequent occasions , in order that he might carry ont ins design-with impunity , he had procured a number of subaltern assistants , to put it into execution . His chamberlain DalgleiBh , bis tailor Wilson , his porter Powrie , Laird James of Ormiiton , and his brother Robert , and two men-at-arms , Hay of Tallo and Hepburn of Bolton , whose courage and devotedness he had amply tested during his border warfare , were admitted into his confidence , and unhesitatingly became his instruments . He had false keys made , by means of which easy access
could be gained into Balfour s house ; and he sent to Dunbar for a barrel of gunpowder , which was to be placed underneath the King ' s apartment , and to destroy the house and its inmates by its explosion The assistance of the Frenchman Paris , whom he had placed in Mary Stuart ' s service , was indispensable to him , for the purpose of ascertaining whether the false keys were exactly similar to those in use , and of placing the powder in the room occupied by the tyieen , below Dar&lej ' fi bed-chamber . • He enabled Bothwell to compare the keys of the house with the false ones he had bad made , and promised to introduce Hay of Tallo , Hepburn , and Orxniston into the Queen ' s chamber on tbe evening appointed for the execution of the murder , that they might deposit the powder there whilst the
Queen waB with Darnley . Bothwell had forbidden Paris to place the Queen ' s bed immediately under that of the King , because he intended to have the powder strewed there . Paris did not attend to this ; and when Mary Stuart came into the room , in the evening , she herself ordered him to change tbe position of tbe bed . The night of Sun day the 9 tb of February , was fixed for the execution of the horrible design . Mary Stuart ' s conduct , when the time for the murder drew near , is but too well calculated to confirm the accusations which result from the depositions of the witnesses , the confessions of the perpetrators , and her own letters . Nelson says that ehe caused a bed of new velvet to be removed from the King ' s apartment , and substituted an old one in its place . Paris declares that she also removed from her own chamber
a rich coverlet of fur , which , she was , doubtless , desirous not to leave there on the evening of the exp losion . On the Sunday she came to spend the even * ing with the King , whom she had assured that she would remain in Balfour ' s house during the night . Whilst she was talking familiarly with him in the room upstairs , the preparations for his death were actively going on below . On the previous eveaing Hepburn had brought tbe barrel containing the powder into the nether hall of the lodging occupied by Bothwell in Holyrood Abbey . Before evening on Sunday , Bothwell had assembled all Ms acccomplices in that same room , had concerted bis plans with them , and had allotted to each the part he was to perform in the nocturnal tragedy , At about
ten o ' clock in the evening the sacks of powder were carried across the gardens , by Wilson Powrie , and Dalgleish , as far as the foot of Blackfriars Wynd , were they were received by Hay of Tallo , Hepburn , and Ormiston , and conveyed into Balfour ' s house by the assistance of Paris . As soon as the powder had been strewed in heaps over the floor of the room , just beneath the King's bed , Ormiston went away , but Hepburn and Hay of Tallo remained with their false keys in the Queen ' s bed-chamber , When all was ready Paris went . up into the King ' s room , and tbe Queen then recollected that she had promised to be present at a masquerade , given in
Holyrood Palace , in honour ox the marriage ot Her servant Bastian with Margaret Harwood , one of her favourite women . She therefore took farwell of the King , left the house with her suite , including Bothwell , and proceeded by torchlight to Holyrood . Darnley beheld her departure with grief and secret fear . The unhappy Prince , as though foreboding the mortal danger by which _ he was threatened , sought consolation in the Bible , and read the $ 5 th Psalm , which contained many passages adapted to Ms peculiar circumstances . After his devotion he went to bed , and fell asleep , Taylor , his young page , lying beside him in the same apartment
Meant ime , the old halls of Holyrood rang with gaiety and dancing . But the fatal hour had arrived ; and the murderers were prepared for their work : — Bothwell remained for some time at the ball , but stole away about midnight to join his confederates . He changed his rich costume of black velvet and satin , for a dress of common stuff ; and left his apartments , followed by Dalgleish , Paris , Wilson , and Powrie . In the hope of attracting leBB attention , he went down the staircase which _ led from Holyrood into the Queen's garden , and directed his course towards the southern gate . The two sentinels on guard seeing a party of men coming along this unusual path at so late an hour , challenged
them ; "Who £ oeB there ?"— " Friends I" an * Bwered Powrie . — " Whose foiendB 1 " demanded one of the sentinels . — " FriendB of Lord BothweU !" was the answer . —On this they were allowed to proceed , and going up to the Canongate , found that tbe Nether-bow gate , by which they intended to leave the city , was shut . Wilson immediately awoke John Galloway , the gate-keeper , calling on him to " open the port to friends of Lord BothweU . " Galloway , in surprise , inquired what they were doing out of their beds at that time of night . They made no answer , but passed on . * * Continuing his route as far as Blackfriars Wynd , Bothwell lett Powrie , Wilson , and Dalgleish at this point , and proceeded with Paris alone to Kirk of Field , where he waited for Hepburn and Hay of Tallo in Balfour ' s garden . It was at this moment , we have every reason to believe , that the two murderers concealed within the bouse perpetrated their , crime . By the aid of their
false keys they gained access into the King ' s apartment . On hearing the noise , Darntey jumped out of bed in his shirt and pelisse and endeavoured to escape . But the assailants seized and strangled him . His page was put to death in the same manner ; and their bodies were carried into a small orchard near at hand , where they were found on tbe next morning , unscathed by fire or powder , tne King eovered by his shirt only , and the pelisse lying by Ms side . After the execution of this dark deed , Hepburn lighted the match which communicated with the gunpowder in the lower room , and tbe house was blown up , in order completely to obliterate all traces of the murder . Bothwell , Hepburn , Hay of Tallo , and the other bandits went to a little distance to await the explosion , which occurred about a quarter of an hour afterwards , between two and three o ' clock in the morning , with a fearful noise .
It is too true that Mary screened , then rewarded , and afterwards married the murderer of her husband , It was impossible for her therefore not to become involved in suspicion : yet , considering her contempt for Darnley , and the strength of her passion for Bothwell , all this is not incompatible with a belief in Jigr innocence of deliberate complicity in the proparation of his murder . Her subjects ^ however , rose against her and the murderer ; and after a aeries of romantic adventures , losses , victories , and escapes , her flight across the border , taking refuge in England from the rage of her own countrymen , brings us down to the close of M . Miguet ' s first volume .
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Tail ' s Edinburgh Magazine . September . London : Simpkin , Marshall , and Co . Crai gallan Castle' comes to a satisfactory conclusion in the present number , which opens Trith a vigorous and p lain spoken exposition of the woHhlessneas of the ' Parliamentary
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Session of 1851 . ' * . A peep at a Coal-pit and the People in it , ' is an exceedingly well written and interesting paper , on a class of our population , whose occupation is of the utmost importance to the nation , while it entails peculiar privations , and , to a certain extent , isolation , from the rest of the w orld upon those engaged in it , Though their meanB of intellectual and moral improvement are but scanty , we are glad to learn that they are increasing , and that a decided change for the better is observable among the colliers of the present day , when contrasted with the generation immediately preceding them . Educational facilities are still , however , but slenderly supplied ; while the Banitary and domestic arrangements of a collier ' s village are generally far from being satisfactory .
• The Working Man ' s Way in the World continues an autobiography which carries the reader pleasantly along with the narrator . In the present number he is somewhat suddenly called from a scene of rural peace and quiet , where he is engaged in printing , for private circulation , the sermons of a kind old clergyman , to : take part in the memorable Bristol Riots previous to the passing of the Reform Bill . The pleasant life Jed at the villa—the kindly and regular habits of its inmates—the fishery excursions , and the various other attractions he found in the doctor ' s quiet residence , seem to have made the writer somewhat
harsh in his judgment as to the character and motives of those who took part in the excesses he chronicles . But he above the tame power of description as he did in his account of the barricades , ; which preluded the placing of Louis Philippe on the Throne of France in 1831 . According to his account , Colonel Brereton showed great want of courage and discretion ; and by his conduct , in effect , mainly produced the lamentable destruction of life and property in the outbreak originally pro . voked by Sir Charles Wetherell ' s inopportune visit to Bristol . Here is part of the description , on the approach of the second and closing night of the riot : —
By this time night was fast approaching , and the state of afiairs began to assume a rather terrific and alarming aspect . The volumes of red flame that arose on all sides in the damp and drizzly air served as beacon-fires to the disaffected in the neighbouring townB and villages , and through every avenue to the town hordes of desperate ruffians rushed to augment the gangs of plundering incendiaries , now mad with thsir unloosed for euccess . Half a dozen soldiers had beeu left to guard the Mansion-house , and during the excesses of the afternoon , which drew off numbers to other places , this mere show of military protection enabled the body of specials within to prevent further injury to the edifice . But when darkness bad set in . and the
mob , which all day had remained in the square in drunken riot and frolic , were increased by the return of the immense gangs who had carried fire and ruin to all quarters of the city , it soon became too plain that the Mansion-house was doomed . The few soldiers present made no attempt to prevent the fire , but looked ou complacently while a ruffian deliberately climbed a gas-lamp , lighted his candle , and , carrying it to the cellar , of which the mob had had possession for some hours , effectually fired the building . It was hardly seven o ' clock when the reek from the cellars * and the black volumes of smoke ascending heavily from the lower floors , warned us to follow the example of the Recorder , and take care of ourselves . We escaped without
much trouble over the roofs in the rear , and following the directions of a gentleman who , in expectation of the coming calamity , had been employed with a companion in cutting the pictures from their frames , and removing them to a place of safety , we made our way as fast as possible to an office in Col . lege-green , almost adjoining the Bishop ' s palace . Here were assembled the magistrates and tbe commanding officer , expecting an immediate attack upon the Palace , and consulting upon the means of meeting it . The attack came before any decided plan could be formed . The Colonel met it as he
had met the former manifestations of the goodhumoured mob , that is , with bis avowed sanction and countenance . We were hastily desired to join a division of specials advancing from the Councilhouse . The Colonel drew up his Boldiers in two lines in front of the entrance . Between these we entered the building , which was already on fire , and swarming with ruffians occupied m plunder . We succeeded in extinguishing the fire , and plied our heavy staves among the thieves in a manner that surprised a few of them , and strewed the floors with their cowardly carcases—scores of them falling without being touched .
In lesB than half-an-hour the palace was o » fire in every part , and an immense volume of clear flame , covered with a canopy of black smoke , greeted by a demon roar from twenty thousand rabble , throats , announced the admirable humour of the Colonel ' s good frieuds and well-wishers . m * * * By the lime we had returned to the square the Mansion-house was in a state of ruin ; the whole front had fallen in bodily , and buried a number of the drunken wretches who had wrought its destruction , beneath tbe wreck . But the large amount of timber employed in its construction , tbe solid floorings , and the massive furniture with which it was stocked , supplied fuel to the flames for many hours ; and it burned fiercely till long after midnight , to
the immense satisfaction of the mob , who cheered vigorously as the different masses fell successively to the ground . The whole sky was now in every direction a red and glowing arch , like the fiery vault of Pandemonium , resounding with the frantic yells of fiends in human shaje . The rain , as it still drizzled down , fell literally in warm drops upon our faces , as we stood beneath the shelter of a halfleafless tree contemplating the disgusting freaks and orgies of the crowd . About ten o ' clock the Colonel arrived at the Bquare with his detachment of automatons , who , wrapped up snugly in their warm cloaks , he paraded up and down amon g his drunken , plundering proteges for some ten minutes , and then , to leave them unmolested in their further
diversions , marched every trooper off the spot , and went home himself to supper and to bed , from which neither the sense of duty ( supposing him to have had any ) , a or all tbe messages and remonstrances of the magistrates , now driven to their wit ' s end , could induce him to stir till the morning . He and his red jackets had not been long off the ground when the mob , now in admirable humour , and increased by fresh arrivals , commenced a aystematic course of destruction and plunder upon private property . Beginning at the east end of the north side of the square , they first plundered and gutted , and tben fired successively , every house , the dwelling of reformer or anti-reformer indiscriminately . Infirm old men , women , and half-naked children were driven forth from their houses to
seek a shelter from the accumulated horrors of the night at the hospitable bands of strangers . Furious bands of Irish savages burst in the doors and windows , andloading themselves with booty of every sort , piled it in heaps beneath the trees , or round the statue in thecentreof thearea . Others , eager for drink , rushed to the cellars , and soon , mad with the fumes of wine , raged franticly through the rooms , burningand destroying , roaring and yelling , till the ascending flames themselves nad kindled licked them into the glowing abyss beneatb , where they perished miserably . Tbe conflagration now exceeded all that had gone before . Alany of the cellars were stocked with bonded spirits , and the fierce rash of the fiery columns that rose through the
black shells of some of these houses when the fire had reached the spirit-casks was truly terrific to witness . About midnight , the Custom-houBe was attacked , the officers , to the number of fifty , summarily turned out . and the building fired at once in twenty places . While the flames were raging , a band of insane miscreants sat down to gorge and guzzle in a lower room , and were buried alive or dead drunk in the midst of their orgies by the falling-in of the roof . Some were seen expiring m agony on the pavement , having leaped from the windows of the flaming bouses ; one impaled himon the iron spikes of tbe railing in front , where he wriggled in torture to the infinite mirth of his fellow patriots . .
, , . , Of the detestably brutal scenes enacted in the area of the square during the transaction of these disgraceful atrocities it is hardly possible to give an adequate idea by description alone . Around ine statue of King William III . immense Quantities ot costly furniture , the plunder of the burning houses , were flung in disorderly heaps . But with a view to an hour ' s luxurious enjoyment , tables were spread and . heaped with viands of all Hurts , and wine and spirits in plentiful array . The hungry wretches despatched tbe provisions as fast as tney were supplied , and loudly clamoured iov , m 0 Je FiendB in feminine form , drunk with wine , andnaKea
to the waist—hideous bacchanals , whose gorgOB ugliness , maturedin the filth and squalor of Bristol s darkest dens and slums of slime and excrement , was in strict keeping with the seething hell of riot and rapine around—gave voluble and vociferous utterance to language which no pen can transcribe or tongue repeat , and urged and goaded their drunken culls and bullies to more remorseless deeds of ruin and ravage . Here a brawny miscreant , mounted on a table , put up the stolen goods to auction , and sold them too , knocking them down generally to the first bidder , and receiving and pocketing the money . If a bidding could not be obtained , smash went the unsaleable article to the ground shivered
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£ aII ? ta I . Ia . this way a large portion of the lunder . was disposed of , and carried off by the viliSiS ^ r 8 lrvthe courBe of the . night . Fellows f ^ T + h -. rge nammers or crowbars , drew forth ? o . w / ? f ° S g ° od 8 ' trunIi 8 » b <> xeB > or writing-,, mvn * h ' H ^ tong them open , threw their contents upon the moiataad muddy grass , while they rifled them of coin , plate , jewels , or other valuables they » Sfl / 8 t ' etohed among the spoil , snoring amidst the mud and ooza of the trodden and sodden llh J "' m a word - the saturnalia of robbery » it £ ! # u UP und « PtIie Pretence of liberty and reform . The prime movers of all these atrocities were a get of skulking conspirators , straneera to jihe town until within the last month-mobleaders by profession , with a ffeniua for nrn ™ i ! ino
others into mischief and withdrawing themselves from , the consequences . Their machinations were plainly distinguishable on the night of the 30 tb . They acted , upon , preconcerted system , by whjch iS " - mei % d 0 the Sreates * amouflt of damage possibkm Bo ^ hort a time , and they disappeared JW * ? . the damaS 6 w * b done , and the KL T £ * ° J ? tice was »* length unsheathed , leaving their deluded followers to brook the sum-F ^ LJ ^?? ^ - of the law - of the real ringleaders of the Bristol riots not one ever faced a jury , lhe foremost and most active of their willing tools and agents were captured , and numbers were imprisoned ; transported , and hanged—the heroic contrivers vanishing as they tame , without beat of drum .
The other articles are A Hint to the Dumb , 'The Last Stage-Coachman , '—a paper full of humour , quaint aad racy—A vindication of Harry Hotspur ' s ? Popinjay , '— in which the fop is made a gentleman , and honest Harrysomething like a rough , uncultivated grazier or butcher — the ' Temple Laundress , ' — a sketch b y one evidentl y acquainted with that pecnliar species of the feminine gender . A Review of the new volume of the ' Life of Dr . Chalmers , ' supplies some very agreeable gossip aboat celebrities , both metropolitan and provincial , and showa the great Presbyterian Preacher in a very agreeable light as a good humoured and lively journalist and
correspondent . The article entitled 'Italia MiJitans ' relates , on the authority of Dandalo and Mazzini , some of the more prominent events of the Lombardian War and the causes of its melancholy termination , notwithstanding the undoubted patriotism and bravery of many of those actively engaged in the struggle for Italian nationality and independence . Mr . Scratchley ' a work on ' Assurance , ' which has been unanimously accepted as the text-book on that subject , forms the basis of a , valuable and practical paper on' Industrial Investment in Land and Houbos . ' Altogether , this is a very excellent and varied number of this popular magazine .
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The Girlhood of Shakespeare ' s Heroines . ' Tale 10 . Juliet , the White Dove of Verona . By Mab y Cowdbn Clarke . W . H . Smith and Son . . The circumstances which produced an estrangement between the parents of Juliet for many of the early years of her life , and their effects upon her character , are imagined with that fine sense of probability , and that delicate discrimination of the subtle influence of the
minutest circumstances in the formation of character which we have already so frequently noted as the distinguishing characteristic of this admirable series of tales . We see , however , less of the heroine than her parents and their associates in this tale , though we are made to feel constantly the tendency of the eventB upon her mind . Tbe course of the story , however , affords Mrs . Clarke opportunities of depicting Italian life in the middle ages , of which she fully avails herself ; and the result is one of the best stories we have yet had from her pen .
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The Countess of Rudolstat . By George Sand . ( Parlour Library . ) London : Simms and M'Intyre . Consuelo , of which the ' Countess of Rudolstat' is a continuation , has been pronounced by all her critics the finest production of this impassioned and hi g y gifted writer . Probably , that is the reason why she has been induced to give a continuation of a work which has insured so wide and so lasting popularity . 1
' Continuations , however , are proverbially dangerous things in literature ; and though we fully appreciate the genius , the artistic tastes , and the practiced skill of Madame Dudevant , as well as the ardent love of liberty displayed in . every page of her new work , we cannot place it beside the record of the early life and development of the noble Zingara she has has taken for her hero . Much of the gronnd over which the reader is taken resembles that
which Scotts 'Anne of Geierstein' has rendered familiar to English readers . We are introduced to one of those formidable secret societies , which , in the olden times , were the retributive agents of humanity upon the tyrants who openl y oppressed the masses ^ The nature of their organisation , the ceremonies which preceded admission into , the brotherhood , and the great object for which it was formed , IAberty , Equality , and Fraternity , are fully described . That triune watchword of the free can now be spoken openly , though yet far from being realised ;
but that we are nearer to that end is to be ascribed to the labours and the sufferings of those , who in more terrible and trying times , preserved the pure creed of Liberty , and nourished a Holy Faith in the ultimate emancipation of our race from tyranny and priestcraft . Consuelo , after many trials—the object of which is to purify , enlighten , and strengthen her mind—finds the husband to whom she was united on his supposed death bed , restored to her , improved and more perfect and more loveable tban before ; and the
novel ends in happiness , not so much derived from external influences as the noble , trustful , and loving natures , who have triumphed over both temptation and weakness , and come out from the ordeal pur ified and ennobled . In the early part of the book there are some graphic sketches of the great Ferdinand of Prussia , his Court , and his Castles for prisoners , thrown off with the characteristic ease , and high finish of Madame Dudevant ' 3 pencil ; and though wo prefer Consuelo as a whole , it must not be understood that we do not recommend the Countess of
Rudolstat . Contrasted with any other novel which has recently been published , its superiority is incontestible ; it is only when it is tried by the high standard , set up by the author of Consudoy that we find any cause to hint a falling off .
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The Atiobnet and the Tax Collector . —A limb of the law in this town was lately waited upon at rather an earl y hour in the morning by a collector of church rates . The lawyer made is appearance at the door minus several of his upper garments , but he very politely invited the collector to walk in and take a seat . lie protested that a man who did not pay his taxes must be looked upon with great suspicion , apologised for being out so often when the tax collector called , and expressed a hope that no one had seen the taxraan enter the house , The collector replied that he believed no one hid seen him . This assurance appeared for the time to relievo the mind of the lawyer , who retired to an adjoining room . He soon reappeared with » fine razor and strop in his hands and continued for some seconds to sharpen the instrument . He seemed a little nervous , and after a few
questions and answers had passed between him and the collector , the lawyer said , "Are you quite sure no one saw you come in ? " Th 8 collector , who began not to like the looks of the man of legal attainments , replied , " Oh , I ' m quite sure no one saw me come in . "— » Then , " said the lawyer , drawing the razor across the strop more savagely , "I ll take good care no one sees you go out . " The collector became alarmed , and looked about for a way of retreat . — " Stop till I get a bucket , " said ™ attorney ; " I'll not have any dirt here , but 111 soon put you from going out . " As he spoke the lawyer retired , and began to shout to his servant to bring a bucket . The collector was in despair , and a s soon as his supposed assailant turned his back , he rushed out at the door , and never agatn troubled the lawyer for church rates . — Liverpool Mercury .
Mrs . Browning ' s noble poem of " Casa Guidi windows" has been translated into Italian by Mazzim . ;
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: . • THE FRENCH PRESS . The newspaper , that political weatb . erooek-. tbat moral barometer—that intellectual' telegraph of civilised life—varies , like its producers and consumers , in form and features , according to the locality ia whiqh it flourishes . Y In Turkey it is an infant ; in Russia and Austria it is a slave ; in Italy it is a dwarf ; in Spain it is a muffled desperado ; in Northern Germany it is a pipe : laugh not , we beseech you!—a pipe always puffed at , always going out , and always being lighted anew . Again : in America it is a prize-fighter ; and in California it is—a first-rate speculation . But in England it is a manufacturer , whilp in France everybody knows it is a soldier to tho baokbonp . '
Generally speaking ; in England a newspaper is at bottom an investment of capital ; in Franoe it is more essentially a defensive and offensive enginea sort of intellectual catapult or balister for throwing hard words and pointed invectives at the leaders of the enemy . In England a paper abuses aman on principle , and strictly as a matter of business ; in France it is passion that furnishes the powder , and hope of revenge the bullet to an editorial charge . Your Britain uses his artillery systematically , and spares his ammunition ; your Gaul loads to the muzzle of his gun ,, and cares little if he burst his barrel m the explosion . Your venal journalist in England is a sturdy speculator—a man who knows how «• to make a book , ' and "hedge" scientifically ; in . trance he is a reckless ' soldier of fortune—a condottiere , a brigand . In EnerlaYid it is the innrnal
as a house of business that succeeds ; in France it is the man , the leader of a party , who triumphs . In England the proprietor is rarely editor ; in France the editor is generally proprietor . In-England newspapers professs to npmtnt , in France they pretend to form , public opinion . In England i m « T T ^ ,. T ? 5 in FraMe it displays a cockade . An English journal utters the ideas of a olass or a party ; a French journal proclaims the sen . timents ofamanora clique . The English preaB forces the ruling powers to pacific submission ; the French press conspires their downfall and deBtmc tion . The Englishman warns , the Frenchman threatens . Lastly , in England the unsuccessful speculator beoomeB bankrupt ; in France the unlucky redactew gets shot . The former is ruined by the capital , the latter killed by the bullet of hia rival .
In other respects the contrasts between the two presses are equally striking . The English preBS is free , yet preserves almost invariably a certain tone of moderation and conventional politeness ; the French press groans under the most absolute bondage , being subject to fines guaranteed by the deposit of a large caution-money—for a daily paper a thousand pounds , which , if diminished by a fine , must be made up again before the reappcaranoe of the journal—and to seizure by the police . It is under the most arbitrary regulations , as to sale . For example , no Liberal paper is allowed to be sold in the Btreets where the monaiiMcal prints ate permitted to hawk their treason against the Republic unmolested , Such inconsistency under a
Republican government appears almost incredible ; nevertheless there is not an inhabitant of Paris , of any party , who will not bear witness to , the fact . Yet the Evenement , a Republican evening paper , has a larger sale than all the joumewx de sou of the reaction put together . It has a splendid office on the Boulevards , nearly opposite the Chausseo d'Antin—a luxury in which none of its opponents indulge . Again La Prase , the great Republican morning paper , is beyond all comparison the most popular and widely-circulated journal in France . The indisputable success of these organs would lead a dispassionate observer to believe that Republicanism has a broader basis in France than English journals usually admit : for . after all , why
should tbe number of stamps consumed by the Presse and the Evenement so tax exceed that used by any other morning and evening papers , unless there existed in various parts of the qountry a Republican olasB of readers to subscribe to them ? Again : any one who will take the trouble to inquire on the Bourse at Paris , will find that shares in La Presse are at a considerable premium , while those of nearly every royalist and imperialist joined ate at a fearful discount . These simple facts , which are stated quite independently of all political viewB , are worthy of remark , as they afford a clue to estimating the present condition of our neighbours , not to be found in the passionate polemics of opposing factions .
Notwithstanding the restrictions above alluded to —to return to our point of contrast—the French press indulges in the most menacing and inflammatory attaoks upon men , ministries , and parties ; and though in England tbe anonymous system prevails , while in France every article ia now signed ( by law ) with tbe name of its writer , personalities in French journals runs muoh higher than in our own prints . . . -. ' . Another curious difference : in France there is no duty ou advertisements ; yet that vast engine of traffic is there in its infancy compared with its gigantic expansion in England , where so onerous a tax ie levied upon every announcement of our wants and wishes . ' But , indeed , what is trade in France compared with trade in Great Britain ? What idea have the monopolists and pedlars ' of that young Republioof the burning fever of competition which
drives the golden current through the veina of British industry and enterpise ! Prance is follow * ing rapidly in our footsteps . She is already the second commercial state in Europe , and far in advance of all others in wealth and prosperity . Let , however , the following statistics , taken from a recent work-on political economy , or rather political comparative anatomy , convey some notion of the gulf which still separates the two countries in a financial and progressive point of view : — Great Britain , it is calculated , has an income of about £ 530 , 000 , 000 . Her taxes are about £ 50 , 000 , 000 or one-eleventh of her total revenue . France haa an income of £ 320 , 000 , 000 only with a taxation of £ 70 , 000 , 000 , or more than one-fifth of her total revenue . That is to say , France producog rather more than one-half what Great Britain produces , and is taxed more than doubly in proportion to her means ?
To return to the advertisement department of the press—a department so important with us , so insignificant in . France . At a tough gueaa v ? e should say that there are at least one hundred times as many advertisements annually printed and published in London as in Paris . From this conscientious guess ^ tbe reader may form some dim notion of the vast disparity between the two countries in that particular walk of literature . It is impossible to estimates the effect of the abolition of the naturally-detested advertisement-duty iu this country , which , would put ua in that reBpect on a level with the French . Probably , if our hypothesis be at all near tho mark , that the number of British , advertisements is now as a hundred to one in France the ratio would not then fall much below one thousand ! As a sort of counterpoise to its political bond ' age , ihe stamp on a newspaper is only one half that
imposed in England , and paper duties are unknown . Hence arises % further important distinction between the press of France and that of her island neighbour . There are several daily newspapers published in Paris , edited and contributed to by the most distinguished men of the day , the price of which is only two sous , or one penny the number . Three sous is tne price of the more expensive journals . Their sale is of course proportional to their price , and their influence consequently much more extended than in England , where a daily paper is a luxury absolutely forbidden to the poorer and working classes . Hence the French , as a nation , are much further advanced in political knowledge , right or wrong , than the English ; and far more excited and impatient on the subject of reforms which the dominant class—that is to say , the bureaucracy—naturally delay and oppose by every means in their power .
Now in France at least one adult in ten is either a soldier , a placeman , or a police spy . No wonder that the revolution sits en permanence in the brains of French p hilosopher ? , and the hearts of French poets and patriots , when a tenth of the population consume more than a fifth of the total revenue of a country in which tho result of an equal division of property would give about sevenpence * a day to every citizen shareholders . Thua the want of abuses to attack or propose remedies for is not one of the misfortunes of a French journalist , and newspapers flourish accordingly . On the other hand , tbe great , unstamped press , which in England does so much for the education and civilisation of the people , is entirely unknown
in France , owing to the police restrictions thrown round everything connected with p rint and paper in that Republic of contradictions . The place of these amusing and instructive periodicals is feebly supplied by thefeuilkton of the daily paper * ( weeklies are rare—they Buit not the fervish progress of events in a revolutionary state . ) In these are published tales , literary and dramatic critisism , and articles of various kinds , by the belletristio writers of rrancev Bub as tho novels of Aloxander Dumag absorb the greater portion of the feaillewns of the best circulated journals , they offer small field either for literary aspiration or for popular instruction . However , all classes in France are at present so
busy seeking what they call a solution in politics , that they do not perhaps feel very keenly the want of lighter nutriment for their minds on the one hand , or more enduring literature on the Other . The writers of French journals are simply all the men of note and talent m France , who rarel y fail to defend with their pens in a newspaper the principles they have advocated with their lips in the House of Assembly . E ? en the very Bubs and pennya-liners , as we should call them in England , are mostly ambitious though penniless young adven » turers , whose future it is- not often easy to prophesy . . Their boldness of invention when a corner is to be filled up at all hazards by an ex-
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tempore canard , or "duck , " as it is termed , ia truly admirable . We were much amused by reading in a French evening paper the other day how , owing to somi ! esig-shella being thrown down in the street , an unfortunate cab-horse fell down , and hit feet sliding out in opposite directions , broke all fow . legt oi . the spot . " The knacker , " continues the duokmaker , " was humanely ueiiV for , to put the poor animal out of its agony . " Whereupon follows a moral reflection on the wiokerfness of throwing ergshells into the street , which to more confiding rea . i / nHM i ? *! ° PK >™ ° ' KKhly edifying and commendable . —Chambers ' * Journal .
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? Proudhon calculates seventj-five centimes-a frnnUon bejond sevenpence per head per diem . fraction
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Com . —When does a man look like a cannon-ball ? —When he looks round . " So far . so good , " as the little boy said when he had finished the first pot of his mother ' s jam . Thb SHOOtlNO Sbabon . —The Aberdeen Journal says that a sportsman on Deeeide opened his 12 th of August by bagging a sheep . Frknch Money .-francs and half-franc pieces
are now frequently palmed upon the London tradeB < men as shiiliogs and sixpence ? . Thb familiar parting expression , " Good bye I " meanB "God be with ye ! " "Adieu ! " signifies " To God , " or " God protect you . " ' * Wkll , Robert , how much did your pig weigh ?" — " It didn ' t weii-h so much as 1 expected , and I always thought it wouldn ' t . " An Untimely End . —An ordinary domestic clock having unfortunately run down , it was observed that it had come to an untimely end!— -Punch .
Extremes . —Some persons have so great an aver * sion to pretension or atf-ctation , that they are apt to neglect polish , in their abhorrence of varnish . What is contentment ? To sit at home and lee other people stuck in the mud . In other words , to be a little better off than y » ur neighbours . Reason for a Dark House . — "Why don't you knock a hole in the wall awl lot the liRht in ? " wd said to a poor Irishman . "Faith , your honour . I am not fit to be seen in it , " was the reply . VbW Likklt . — " I wonder ( said a Scottish maiden ) what my brother John sees inthelaasea , that he likes them sae well ; for my part I wad ns gie the company o' ae lad for twenty lasses . " Bad Example . —A dandy , with a cigar in his mouth , entered a menagerie , when the proprietor requested him to take the weed from his mouth , lest he should learn the other monkeys bad habits .
A Lazy Yocth . —A hzy , over-fed lad , return * ing from dinner to his work one day , was asked by his master , " if he had no other motion than that . '' " Yes , " replied the . youth , drawling out each letter , 11 but it ' s slower . " Spabb Moments . —Spare moments are the gold ( lust of time ^ And Yonng was penning a true as well as a striking line , when he wrote , " Sands make mountains , and mountains make the year . " Like , and Not Like . —A Daguerreotppe-taker recently exhibited a likeness of a lady which he had taken to her husband , and asked him if it was not a
very good one . "Very , " was the reply , " and I only wish my wife was like it—silent . " An economical friend seeing some egg powder ad * vertised , " One packet warranted equal to six eggs , " had the audacity to take three packets to Dr . Can * telo , and ask how long he should have to wait for the eighteen chickens!—The Month . A Fool Calumny . —At the Preston County Court , last week , one of the ^ itnesaeB was asked if the statement was true that he was a teetotaller . "No , " waa the indignant reply , "it ' s a foul calumny I" What an instance of injured innocence ! Z
Of Two Eviis choosb the Lbast , —The Montross Standard tells us of a drouthy constituent of Mr , Hume , afflicted with a sore leg , who was admonished by his medical' attendant that he mutt renounce whisky or lose his limb . "Cut it a&V' was the prompt decision of tho patient : " I canna want my dram !" A Ww . —rinn , the witty comedian , waB carving a goose at supper when John Everett , the ex-minister ' s brother , called out from the other end of the table , " What sort of a fowl is that brother of yours Finn ?"— " It is almost as great a goose , " responded the wit , " as IEver-et !" " Rather Cute . "—A chap from the country having visited tbe Great Exhibition , thought he would treat himself to a French repast at Soyer ' s SympoBium . Upon the bill of faro being handed to him by the waiter , he remarked that he " didn ' t care 'bout reading now—he'd wait till after dinner !"
TMNG 3 WHICH MB . HOBBS IS iS PERFECT LIBERTY TO PICK . To pick all the undeserving lords and ladies out of the pension list . To pick the locks of tbe prisons that confine Abd « el-Kader , Kossuth , and the poor Hungarian exiles . To pick the padlocks that fetter politics ! prisoner * to felons and criminals at Naples . To pick a capital out of Europe that contains as many bad statues and monuments as London . Britannia Ruling thb Waves at Cowes . — The result of the contest for the Royal Yacht Squad , ron Cup at the Cowes Regatta redounds much to our maritime glory ; for the America ran clean away from her British competitors . It would be better , however , if we possessed a yacht that would be likely to catch her if it ran after her . —Punch .
When to Invite your Friends . —A funny writer advises that when your friends are laid up with the rheumatism , always press them to come over and take tea with you . While such acts of kindness entail no expense , they procure for you a larger reputation for sympathy and neighbourly kindness . With proper discrimination , there is nothing that pays a better profit than " goodness of heart . " News , —The newer the country , the more hospitable the people are . Where houses are as far apart as countries , a stranger is as welcome as a newspaper , and is commonly used as one . The moment he ar « rives be is " put to press , " and what is more , kept there till all the news that has happened for the last six months is thoroughly squeezed out of him , and bottled up for future use .
The Acts of the Apostles . —A Constantino " pie letter in a French journal states that a savant asseres that , from ancient Greek manuscripts , he has discovered an indication that the original of the " Acts of the Apostles " is buried in an island in the Sea of Marmora . His application to the Turkish Government for leave to make researches after it is opposed by the Greek Patriarch from the fear that the discovery of this important document may lead to schisms in the Church . M . Claussen ' s New Knittino Machinery . — Ia the counties ef Nottingham , Leicester , and Derby , but principally in the former , there are above four thousand circular stocking frames at work . Some of the machines are so constructed that a girl fifteen or sixteen years of age is enabled With ease to work four feeders at a time ; and the ptodvtce oi her ordinary day ' s labour from auch a frame is material sufficient for twenty dezen pairs of stockings .
Sagacity of a Dog . —The New York Tribmt notices a case of remarkable sagacity in a dog . A gentleman had two dogs , one a Bpaniel and the other a large half-bred deer hound . The spaniel was playing with the gentleman ' s little boy , when the lad accidentally fell into a large cistern . The mother saw the accident from above , but before she had time to reacli her boy , the little dog had run to the large one and induced him to go to the cistern and pull the child out . AimpiciAt Leather . —A steam engine of six or
eight horse power is erected at Abington , Mass ., foe grinding up the chips and shavings of leather which are cut off by the shoe and boot makers , and which have heretofore been burnt or thrown away . These are ground to a powder resembling coarse snuff , and this powder is then mixed with certain gums and other substances , so thoroughly that the whole mass becomes a kind of melted leather . In a short time this dries a little , and is rolled out to the desired thickness—perhaps one twenty-fourth of an inch . It is now quite solid , and is said to be entirelywaterpoof . —The Builder .
Fins Arms . —There has been much talk lately of the new Prussian invention for loading a musket at the breech , and the American revolver , with only one barrel , instead of six . It is said that there is nothing new in either , and that specimens . of each , 200 years old , are exhibited to the public in tne Austrian armoury , at Vienna . —In China the screw propeller is said to have been kuown for ages ! So is it with most of our cleverest and most modern in * ventions ; if there be anything of Bterling merit ia them , be sure that the Chinese , or some other longdecayed inheritors of antique enlightenment , know all about it .
Four Points . —There were four good habits & wjge and good man earnestly recommended in Mscounsels , and by his own example , and which he considered essentially necessary for the happy management ot temporal concerns ; these are , punctuality , accuracy , steadiness , and dispatch . Without fte firfit , time il wasted Without the eecond , mistakes the most hurtful to our own credit and interest , and that of others , may be committed ; without the third , nothing can be done ; and without the fourth , oppor * unities of advantage are lost which it is impossible torec&ilt r Sagacious Sparrow . —The other day , we noticed a sparrow perform an action indicative of great ingenuity , and of considerable reasoning powers . The bird
was hopping about , apparently in search of water , when it observed a . pipe giving forth the desired element , not in abundance , but in drops , and that slowly . The sparrow perched itself upon a stone , near the end of the pipe , and watched uu we drop was formed , when it Bagaeiousty flew up ana caught the precious globule jut as itiwas oritue point of falling . Thia it repea ted a number ott . mea until it had quenched its thirst , -when itj lew a . vay chirping . —ilontrose Review . y ^ * C " NJ ' ' " \ £ ^ S 2 l 5 i _ i . v , ' . - —^/ - r \ i ' - ¦ - ¦ \ :- $ ^ j
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September 201851 . THE NORTHERN SfrAR
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 20, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1644/page/3/
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