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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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ffTesnnan and diplomatist his admirers prei be is * if ne was so ^ "ce ^ y attached the great cause of Constitutional Government as he himselffiayaheis , he would long a have found out a method of doing this . S Lord Palmebsion , so far , has never infprferedon behalf of liberty abroad , without Ed ucing the opposite results to those he pro-Led to have in vie * . He ^ has an _ unludcy into the hands of his ostensible ^ TlLotia nd diDlomatisfc his admire rs pre-
Jiabit of playing on oonents , which rather puzzles the onlookers , and some haTe even cried * treason . ' Be that as it may , our last interference only served to ineite the unfortunate people who t rusted to us , into open manifestations of their feeling& and opinions—and to premature insurrections , which ensured a bloody and cruel iwenge fwm the kingly oppressors from whose yoke the ; had attempted to escape .
If we interfere again , it must not be in the ^ ay we did in Sicily—nor must it by fine neecb . es and profuse expressions of sympathy , 23 in the case of Hungary . The despots can fleIl afford to laugh at all that kind of humyxg and balderdash . The doctrine of nonintervention is a capital one for them . jhey take care to leave it to the jantimentalista , and act upon the oppose themselves . "When Austria was beaten by Hungary , Russia Bent her armies to assist in quenching its liberties in a sea of blood ; when the flag of a true republic floated orer the Vatican , the reactionary and despotic prty in France asnt an army to poll it down * and to raise in its stead the infamous standard
of ecclesiastical and temporal oppression , under which Borne had so long groaned , and , by its own noble efforts , so g loriously shaken off . The armies of Prussia and Austria asgisted' in the open destruction of a constitution in Hesse Cassel , older than Lord . J . ¦^^ ssslj- ' o Kefbnn Act , Everywhere tB 8 tyrants were ready to lend each other arms to crash liberty . - It is time , then , that nations cast away the foolish prejudices which have allowed the partisans of old authority to subdue them in detjil . If the interests of despots be identical , eg arc those of the peoples . If brotherhood ,
concert , and mutnal help , are so useful to the grants , "what would they not effect for the nations ? No country can hope to retain its own liberties while all around it are enslaved . la proprtion as the circle closes around na we become more powerless , and p repared to fall an easy prey to the triump hant and well-organised power of the coifed aggressors . It is , therefore , no distant or foreign battle we are called upon to fight in the coming struggle . The war has been begun already in our own country by the
pore , and the only way in which , we can meet and repel the aggression , is to carry it to bis own doors . Give him work enough at hme , and , depend upon it , he will trouble his lead very little with Irish national schools or colleges , or the internal affairs of this country . fie will have plenty to do in endeavouring to save himself from the Italians , who regard fci 3 assumption of spiritual infallibility , as an impiety , and his temporal rule as one of the greatest curses which , ever afflicted a nation .
We need not send forth any army to accomplish , this diversion—at least , in the first instance . All that is required from us is a proclamation that in the war between the people and their rulers , provoked by the cruelties , the treasons , the perjuries , and the atrocious crimes of the latter , England will fake the side of the people . That her inflame , her wealth , and aU the facilities that vealth can command , will be given to promole the cause of popular progress—of inimaTi enlightenment , and -of Government fy the people / or the people . Were it known that Mazzini ' s loan was
openly bought and sold on the Stock Exchange—that common muskets and ammunition -were sent from the Thames without let or hindrance—that no Enlistment Act prerented the sympathisers with Italian - -Independence and Liberty from enrolling tbemselres under its banner , -we snspecfc that Pius the jJisth would speedily don his footman ' s lirery again ; but this time he would fly £ iirther than when he last assumed that disguise . Listen to the eloquent and statesmanlike appeal of Mazzisi—the Bienzi of the Nineteenth Century—and understand how to extinguish , at once and for ever the haughty and audacious assumptions of a Hierarchy inimical to Knowledge , freedom , and
Progress : — Whilst the Pope possesses Jtaly , he will have a iaoting in every part of Europe . It is the Italian miion alone that can annihilate papacy- Would Jan introduce the light and air of heaven within our prison ? Help us to break open its gates , to tarow down Ha walls ; and the air and the light of God will pour in to invigorate and enlighten us . Mb us to reconquer liberty of speech : you will
Sad thatQuxfirst word will be liberty of conscience . Petition your government , not to arrest tbe progress of Catholicism amongst yourselves—how can u attempt to do so—but remembering for ence at last that England also has rights and duties in E wope , to put a stop to tue prolonged scandal of a foreign occupation of Borne ; and be sure that twenty-four hours after our deliverance , the Pope shallflee towards Gaeta and soon much farther than Gaeta .
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and possessing still less of thepbwer of immediate adaptation to exigencies as they arise , which is essential , to all good government , the Colonial administr ation stood by no means in the good graces of the people " of Australia . Dr . Lain 6 had pronounced the significant words « the United States of America , ' and thus given birth to a policy for the future ominous of the downfall of the rule of Downing-street , as well as opening up a career of activity , enterprise , and greatness , similar to that ef the United States of America , under Republican institutions . - for it must not be and possessing still lean of th * nnw ^ rnfimme .
supposed that because we have sent out titled governors , aristocratic secretaries , and bishops in lawn sleeves , that therefore we have natralised monarchy in Australia . On the contrary , the Colonists have learned to associate with that name all the hindrances they have experienced to the free , spontaneous , and natural development of their energies , and the vast resources which are at their command ; and the most intelligent and public spirited of the settlers clearly understand , that until the people govern as in the United States , they can never hope to do justice to either .
The . 'Times' this week , in one of its bold and vigorous leaders , has vividly pourtrayed the mischief caused by Earl Grey and the Colonial system under his superintendence and control , apropos of the present wretched state of our South African Colonies . In showing up the inherent defects of our Colonial system , the 'leading journal * eehoes opinions we have long inculcated in the columns of the ' Star , ' and we therefore hope they are becoming popular in influential quarters ; for the ' Times ' always lenows p # etty well' what way the wind blows /
. Nothing can be more forcible than the contrast it draws between the lot of shrewd , intelligent , energetic , brave , and practical Englishmen , under the role of Lord Grey in our Colonies , and the same race managing their own affairs in the United States . How many there are who can testify to the correctness of the following portrait !—The unfortunate Englishmen who leave the country as colonists are subject entirely to Down ing-street , and the influences which there prevail-They are obliged to Bubmit all their individual capacity and energy to official rule—the Chief
Secretary is a species of divinity in colonial regions —and the sturdy merchant , manufacturer , or agriculturist , who in England never thought of or cared for a Secretary of State is on a sadden made tbe slave of an official despot . He can do nothing without the sanction of the colonial authority , his individual skill and energy are neutralized , and he is subject at once to caprice , ignorance , and often to the mere outbreaks of ill-temper . The man who in England would evince a continuous and ever-springing hope and energy is in the colony brought ; under the dominion of a Secretary of State and his clerks .
Take the reverse of the picture — We have received some lessons within the last few weeks from the emancipated colonists of England who now constitute the United States of America . "We may , if we be wise , derive from them instruction of far greater value than can be imparted by the lines of the schooner America . The colonies of the United States are tbe shame of oars . " Colonies of the United States ? " some one may exclaim , " and where are they V They are to be found in the thirty States which have been formed since the declaration of independence by the
thirteen united provinces of America . A general rule has presided over the formation of these new communities , and the men who have formed Ohio , Indiana , Texas , and a host of other States , came in a great proportion from our own country , and would , had the Colonial Office permitted , have formed for England the colonies which they have been driven to create for tbe United States . Let no one fancy this to be an exaggerated statement . It isthe simple and painful truth . If tbere were no Lord Grey at the Colonial Office—if an English colony could be formed in tho same simple and predetermined manner in which an American territory
is called into existence—if such a creation were the result merely of the law , and was not dependent upon the mere whim and passion of any one man , we might by this time have boasted of a multitude of flourishing colonies , which should have rivalled the rising States of America . . * * Some may say the difference is ndfc in . the system , but the country . We answer by pointing to the two 'banks of the river St . Lawrence . Canada is now beginning to govern itself . It is almost emancipated from the leaden rule of Downing-atreet "; so soon as It is completely so it will rival tbe States which lie upon the southern snore of the great river which divides the
territories of England from those of her republican neighbour . But hitherto the incubus has weighed with a fearf nl weight upon these fine provinces . Sew York has become almost the rival of England ; but Canada is still a petty province . Her land is as fertile , her rivers are fust as fit for the purposes of traffic and transport as those of New York : but in JJew York tho common sense of practical men is the guide of the government . In Canada hitherto the fribble clerks of Downing-street have borne sway . Every 'traveller who has passed from one side of the river St . Lawrence to the other has
been struck by the extraordinary difference in circumstances so similar , and has been compelled to ask to what can such a painful inferiority be ascribed . The result cannot be disputed ; the climate is the same , the soil is equally fertile , the men are in both countries Englishmen—what is it that in tbe one case stamps wretchedness and miserable inferiority on the country , and in the other marks the whole people with the unmistakable signs of prosperity and vigorous advance ? The only difference is the government . In the one province tbe Colonial Minister is tho ruler ; in the other a practical people takes care of its own concerns .
True ! moat true , as far as it goes—but it is not the whole truth . The Colonial Minister is the servant of a monarchy , and is bonnd to uphold the power and prerogatives of a crowned sovereign . The side of the St . Lawrence not eubject to monarchical sway , is under a republic . The' practical people do take care of their own concerns , ' and permit neither kings nor lords to dictate how they shall manage them . Happy are we , that at a time when the supporters of monarchy proudly point to the freedom , security and enlightened tolerance , which obtains under the reign of Victoria , the « Times' so forcibly calls to recollection , that in all the essentials of national enterprise , greatness , and progress , we are out-stripped by Englishmen under a republic .
Australia will not fail to take the hint . The mere removal of Lord Grey will not destroy the Colonial system of which he is the present official exponent ; that system existed before his appointment—it will exist when he no longer holds the seals of office . The unchecked and natural development of a new country can never proceed properly while it is fettered and crippled by the swaddling bands of old fashioned monarchical nurses . Australia has a magnificent climate , a splendid country abounding in every kind of wealth , and every natural means for becoming a powerful state or federation of states . It m
removed from us so far that it is impossible for any British Legislature or Minister to govern it , either satisfactorily to this country or tbe Colonists themselves . Its erection into a Sovereign and Independent Eepublic , so far from weakening , would , in reality , strengthen this country . Tbe Bureaucrats , and the scions of aristocratic families , for whose benefit these colonial pastures are preserved , might lose by it ; but every other class would gain immensel y by the creation of a powerful , wealthy , enlightened , and prosperous counterpart of the Great American Republic at the Antipodes .
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Kkw Liberal Paper . —We have received the first two numbers of the " Huddersfield and Holmfirth Exam iner , " which we are happy to hail as an addition to t he number of fellow labourers in tbe cause of political , socia ., and educational reform . Without professing to agree in the precise opinions of our new Contemporary with respect lo details , we cordially and thoroughly sympathise with the snirit in which they are expressed , and the manner ii which a bold and manly avowal of principle is blended with respect for thoseholding . opposite
, L views We do not know a more hopeful district for the labours of such a journal than that in and around Hudderafield , and we trust its success will » ££££££ & * been made at Festh , in consequence of the exhibition of a statue of St . StSE the features of which resembled Kossuth . Ttternicb , it is said , is writing his biography , and Sry of the Austrian court , which ia not tJ be opened till sixty years after hiu death .
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8 StmAi"T * ° them « elreB from of th / Ei / 'y u 8 tl ? . hwu « h theinstrumentality members fori A 8 SOeiation » of whioh theT *»» been Enanv w E * 9 7 eaW' If the Committee had theTniSSffc . es ? in their efforts to remedy id ! under thS frhampton men were labourhKutv « J . T 0 Uld ^ ed have been traitors to IndTflonte ^ n ? JT- , merited the Negation ana contempt of their class . They applied themrccomnSnfe t 0 their ^ PO ^ nfVaVk , and hSiSk fndl ) romoted 8 ucn a solution of the Kthev Td K J ? t 0 en ) Ployer and workmen ; and fhi » Mn £ nf by th 5- 1 ? ost scrupulous adherence to rLSoTof ' wn d'tions Proved by law for the Ct& fh iaI" ^ cording to the opinion of Judge Erie , the demands of the men were " very SSeCnmor > ^" ™ " ^ S better liau ne Deen more conciliating . We DUfc it to anv !? J ?! : I ?? A ° a *> th 6 > . if we taCouVof 7 e others , to en « fc «« n « i « —i : — . . v , 7 "
men drunk » K ' - OVidenoe about m *^ & «» indicKt- the W ln 8 UPP ° rt ° f this monstrous As , however , the " Times" and " Daily News " ISSSitESr ^ ignovant ' ordesirous of mhre-F ^ fn w « £ i . , Proposes ©* the Asnooiation . we beg , by favour of the Editor of the Ste h nn ^ addre 8 B of Mr ' Dunconbe . d * It M ^ 9 iK i ^ Con fcrence . held on Mond hI '» % CU 2 # ' ^ 845 ; t 0 which ™ 1 » 8 to i ^ ite > S , K attentl 0 1 ^ e trades of England , as Srttti ? f , slty / or such an Association as is therein comtemplated . and so iWi . f ,, ii » « n « .
monded by the patrioticmember for Finsbury , exists evenm astiH h . gber degree now than them . r -mHi ^ m n ^ this ad < to 8 s , it will be seen how fai thfully Mr . Duncombe has fulfilled his part of the combat ; and we regret to add , with their proverbial fickleness of purpose , how inadequately have the working men responded to his invitation . Had the working , men , or rather their leaders , acted an honest and consistent part , the National Association would this day have been a " great fact , ttnd common sense and common honesty would not have been outraged by the wretched , unseemly farce recently enacted at Stafford . Let , hpwerer , tbe errors of the past act as becons to guide us to a more rational future . Whatever the results Of the Stafford verdicts , the National Association will pursue its course , not only
uninterruptedly , but strengthened in numhera and influence , by the persecution in preparation for the " idle . people , " who have endeavoured to faithfully discharge their duties to their fellow-men . Ine" Committee of the National Association , attached and vilified by the powerful and deeply preudiced press of the capitalists , appeal confidently to tne , verdict of their fellow-countrymen to rescue , if not . their persons , at least their characters , from he foul calumnies ' if their cowardly and infamous iraducera . The only crime they have committed has been , directing the power and resources of the A 88 Ociation- ~ comrfiitted to their guidance—to the protection of the rights of labour against the avaricious , aggressions of an unprincipled clique of mean ; and despicable tyrants . In this they believe they have performed simply their duty . ' „ .: lL , W . Pjsei , gee . 259 ' Tottenhauvcourt-ifoadLondon
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, , . ADDRESS OP MR . T . 8 . DUNCOMBE AT THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF TRADES ' KK T M ^_ M 0 KBAr ' GBNTLBMKN .--In assuming the office which your confidence rather than my own will or fitness has imposed upon me , 1 feel some difficulty—a difficulty not arising out of any misgiving as to your ability to devise and power to execute any plan that the majority of this highly important assembly shall ehberately agree upon , but the difficulty of deciding upon the most proper and apt machinery for the purpose of giving effect to your judgment . Gentlemen , I learn that you have wisely decided upon excluding all political topics from vour
consideration j but I feel convinced that , should the day arrive when the English mind shall see that " a fair day ' s wages for a fair day ' s work" can only > e achieved through the fair representation in par . liament of those seeking their just rights , then my countrymen will , with their characteristic boldness , demand such a change in the system aB shall ensure to them not only the poasessson , but the protection of the fruits of their industry . It ia wise , however , that you should first tost the wilingness of those who have the power not only to remedy your grievances , but to render any great mhtical change valuenesB in your eyes . It is better to persuade men than to coerce them , and ahould . your first move have been in a political direction I | fear that tho varied elements of which
this national aasembly must naturally consist , would have presented an appearance of internal contention and strife , rather than of organisation and union , two ingredients indispensable io the success of your project , ¦ Gentlemen , although I am here rather to loam than to instruct , yet I hope I may , without presumption ,-be permitted to suggest each a course as I conceive best calculated to insure success You may , and most probably will , evince great wisdom and astuteness in those several discussions , bearing relatively or positively upon your several positions , while the manifold interests which are represented upon this occasion may lead some to suppose that there is difficulty in combining those interests in any one common plan . Such , however ,
is not my opinion , for while there may appear no connexion between a cotton-spinner and a shoemaker , nevertheless , we must come to the conclusion , that that machinery cannot be perfect which dpeg not equally represent and" equally protect the interests of both . This , then , isthe important point to which I would respectfully direct your attention ;—tho establishment of such a devising and controlling body as shall give effect to , and fully carry out , whatever plan the majority of this assembly shall decide upon . You will have ifone but little , if you meet and separate , after having merely proclaimed your wrongs , and suggested your remedies . You must do more—haying the power , jou must boldly proolaim your
determination to redress yourselves ; and , humble as I am , I shall have sufficient confidence in your importance and integrity , when backed by your concurrence , to declare in my place in parliament tbat the hour has at length arrivod when Englishmen know their rights , and nre determined to possess them . ( Cheers . ) In the debate upon tho " Ten Hours' Bill , " during the last session of parliament , when the House of Commons stultified itself by preferring tbe ascendancy of a Minister to the interests and even the well-being of the working classes , my mind was for the first time directed to the practical operation of the principle of restriction , and to tbat question I would now draw your most
serious attention . You will naturally consider whether or not any or all the measures submitted by porliamenfe to the country aro calculated to cause an equitable distribution of the profits on trade between capitalists and labourers , and if they are not calculated to do so , you will then , I hope , enter upon the consideration of some -well-digested , plan to effeefcan object of the most vital importance , one upon =. which I do not hesitate to Bay the existence of the middle classes and of the landed aristocracy depends , and for this reason ;—If our mechanical powers of production go on increasing according to well-founded anticipation , one of two results must necessarily follow—either now markets must bo discovered as consumers , or the surplus of idler 3 must progressively increase .
As , then , the discovery of new customers is at beat but problematical , we must look upon an increasing surplus as the more rational result from improved machinery , and how to deal with that surplus is the question of paramount importance to those who are as yet nllowed to labour and to live . Wk&O&Drtbis surplus should be maintained by those employed to avert competition , or by the government—that is , by the country , according to the rules of justice , is the grand question . I hold that those at work cannot and ought not to be called upoa to apply any povtion of their earnings to the support of a surplus created by the operation of a new system over which they have no control . And I further hold tbat the government has no right lo tax one portion of the community
for the maintenance of aaother portion , rendered dependent , while willing to labour . Those who have read the accounts stated by me in the House of Commons , relative to the effect produced by practising the principles of restriction at Sheffield , must come to the conclusion that short hours of labour do not lead to a reduction of wages , although it may tend to reduce the inordinate profits of capitalists , accumulated rather from their power over the labour market than from the just sources of trade or speculation;—in fact , that calculations of profit and loss are now based upon the ability of the powerful to reduce the wages of the powerless , rather than upon the ordinary rules by which we are told commerce should be resuJatecL
The reasons , however , why your employers have been enabled to hold your labour in complete ¦ subjection are so well known to all who have taken part in strikes , whether just , unjust , or- , speculative , that I should abstain from any comment upon that part of the subject , were it not necessary for the direction of your minds to the adoption of Bucb measures as would enable you in future to judge , first , of the justice of a strike ; and , secondly , of your efficiency to carry it out . la all cases where strikes havo taken place , thej faava been for the most part entered uport raaWy , though perhapb justly ; and the justice of iwOur case has been lost m the rashnes ot your measures . However righteous your claims my appear 8 t firat sight , it has
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too often happened that your own rashness has enabled your masters to enlist' the power of the law to onture their own triumph , and hence have been compelled to fight against the two-edged sword of capital and legal persecution . Whenever a strike takes place the local authorities , who are for the moat part employers , have been able to warp some enthusiastic and justly indignant minds from their original purpose , to toe adoption of what is easily construed into constructive conspiracy or seditloD , and thuB your imperfeot maohinery has been unable to compete against the more perfeot machinery of your opponents . Through the legal aoumen , perseverance , and steady watchfulness of the miners' law adviser , Mr . Roberts , that largo body of men were enabled to continue what I call the most justifiable and extensive strike upon reoord , for the period of manr . T : ... .
monVllB , notwithstanding tha tthe Vengeance and the power of their masters was directed against them , and the power of the law was at their command , if the COnduot of the men had authorised its interference . This strike failed , not because it was caprioiously entered upon , but because there was wanting proper plan of national organisation to insure its SUCC 6 SS * Gentlemen , this I understand to be a national !™ M v must theref ore preaume that ono of nprm ^ nf , T "J * MtaMMrawnt of some Sa « 1 j T ] . rjrfor «» nwilation of Trades ' ZmS , ? . ? ^ rikes . That that body shall be legally constituted , with nower rested in ics
memDers to hear all matters connected with trades ' business , and in all cases where the rights of any ^ ff are J ^ r or invaded » * " »* that trade , if a strike should bo sanctioned by the governing body , shall be sustained , upheld ; and : HE . du ™« t ^ struggle-hoover io ' ng it shalUftntinue-the terms to be submitted . to and agreed upon by a majority of the governing body . I think that such a plan wou | d divest a strike of that local and personal feeling whioh is in general protection to those who , if struggling alone , must necessarily be subject to all those disadvantages which unproteotod poverty experiences in its strug gle with protected wealth .
of course , in tho formation ofsucha body , you must take local machinery into your consideration , that is suppose a strike takes place at Sheffield or in Manchester , sanctioned by the ruling body , in such case you put yourselves in communication with the local delegates of that trade appointed by their body—who become honorary members tor the time of the general body , and if necessary you appoint one or more as Commissioners from your permenent executive , to repair to the spot , where the strike takes place , there to instruct themselves upon , and inform you of , all matters connected with the movement , and in such cases it is my opinion that any excitement necessary to sustain the strike , should be transferred
from the place where it occurs to the Metropolis , where of course the governing body will hold its permanent sittings . By these means strikes when just , would be of short duration , because the united power of the national trades of Great Britain when properly and justly directed , as 2 feel assured they would be , would prove an over match for . the power of the local masters , or even of the whole masters of the united kingdom , should a counter organisation be attempted . By systematic organisation of this kind the political minority in each country has been enabled to hold the ascendancy over the disunited and disorganised majority . You will perceive that I have thought it necessary to dwell more at length upon the description of machinery by which your
plans are to be carried out , than upon the means you shall adopt , for the adjustment of the several differences that exist between you and your mastera , or that may hereafter occur , Gentlemen , you will also observe that I have not only abstained from comment , upon matters upon which you must nocessarily be better instructed than myself , but that I have also abstained from noticing any political questions with which from my position I might be supposed to be more conversant than yourselves ; I have thought this the wisest and best course for tbe achievement of our common object , which I understand to bo " a fair day ' s v » a « e , for a fair day ' s work . " Gentlemen , whatever view the curious , the idle , or the timid may take of this great movement , I assure you it gives rise to very serious considerations in my mind . If this bo in truth , as I believe and hope it is , a fair representation of that growing
spirit of Englishmen of which we hear so much , and to curb which requires so much artifice and cunning , its matured deliberations must go to the world with an irresistible effect . ( Cheers . ) You have looked with anxious hope to each political party , and to every political party , for that amelioration in our condition which you have at length wisely decided can only be effected by your own united energies . Gentlemen , those who . shall scan and oriticise what may be decided upon by this representation of the industrious English people , should recognise in your intentions the practical carrying out of their own theories . Theyone and all admit the TiiBt increase that has taken place in the national wealth , while they are compelled also to admit your legitimate title to a share of it , but by some inexplicable deficiency , in what may be called the division of legislation , all hare failed to put you in possession of your admitted rights ..
If then , as no man can deny , that the genius or industry oi our people have given rise to a vast accumulation of national wealth , and if the principle of professing philanthropists be true , that you aro pre-eminently entitled to your share of this new-born wealth , I can characterise this assembly no otherwise than as tbe new-born genius of England , righteously , peaceably ,, boldly , and honestly , looking for its share of property that itself creates ¦ - ( loud applause)—while your willingness to admit your social claims to be arbitrated upon by others , must convince even your traducers that , your demands are so just , that you are indifferent as to the character of tho tribunal to whose judgment they shall be Bubmittod ,
Gentlemen , if you see safety , prudence and success in the course that I have pointed out , as I never recommend what I am not prepared to attempt , and believing your cause to be just , your motives honourable , and your objects desirable , I shall hold myself in increased estimation if I can be instrumental either within or without the walls of parliament in advancing your interests . ( Continued cheeiing . ) Gentlemen , however tho self-satisfied or the ex . pectant may ridicule this your peaceful endeavour to achieve your right . I feel fully impressed with
the importance of the working hand , and as fully resolved upon persevering with you , until we test the value of English unions , English organisation , Englishjustice , and Englishmen ' s bravery . ( Cheers . ) Gentlemen , our councils must be so pure that we may defy the espionage of tho Home Secretary , as well aB the legal lash of the Attorney-General ; what my judgment prompts me to advise , my heart will encourage me to support , while the justice of your cause and the strength by which it is backed , will preclude the necessity of other tban » perfectly peaceful , mild , and constitutional means for its
achievement . Gentlemon , if out of this first important experiment in the right direction , should arise an annual representation of tbe industrious people of England , and you deem it necessary to manifest the outward and visible sign of your greatness and power , as your several opponents have done by the erection of club houses as places of resort—and as a means of multiplying and concentrating your resources , I shall be most happy to assist in any way that can tend to tho furtherance of that , or any other object
promotive of the national cause . Gentlemen—Feeling pride as an Englishman and honour as a man , in the situation to which your confidence haa thia day called me , and rejoicing exceedingly that my humble exertions in your behalf should entitle me to your esteem . I shall now conclude the remarks which I havo deemed it my duty to offer , and shall Open what I proudly call " Labour ' s Parliament , *' by inviting those delegates who have anything to uvgo to proceed to business , trusting that your deliberations may prove beneficial to yoursel ? es , and . satisfactory to tho country .
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THE LATE POISONINGS AT WRINGTOK . , ? W 8 J 05 ""Tlw ad J ° urned inquest as to tha cause of the death of the tmfertnnate women g ^^^ sasasK SKfes : ^ - KVfr T ? W ^ riUgt 0 n ' TheLeased Sarah Ann Roberts , is my daughter . Slid was a widow . On Friday tho 5 th inst ., 13 aw her between half-past seven and eight o ' cleeK in the yard at the back of my house . s&V complained to me that she had been sick ; this waB in the evening . I said , " Sick , Sarah ? »» ¦ and she said " Yes , but I am better . " She " .-v > .-i ^— . , - _ -- -.-. -ffl
was very commonly sick , and therefore I did uot think much of it . She went away , and I was called afterwards to go to her a little before eleven o ' clock . She was then at my son ' s house . I found her rery sick and ill . I asked her if she had been given anything to take , and they said she had had some gia . I scut to Mr . Chadwick , who ordered his dispenser to attend , which he did with a mixture— a spoonful to be taken at a time . Mr . Chadwiek saw her at seven the next morning . He sent her medicine , and fetched Mr . Coates to her . I knew she was in the family way . The deceased . I i - J "J * t ^ AlW UUUUU 4 UU told
me she had taken something to procure abortien . I first knew deceased was in the famil y way six weeks ago , and she was then six weeks gone . A month ago my daughter-iulaw found some herbs in the pocket of the deceased which smelt very nasty . The de « ceased said it was a shrub that , if a woman took , she would miscarry . She said she got it from a lady ' s garden , and that Fanny-Marsh told her of it . After she gathered the herb she took it to Fanny Marsh to . ask herif it was the right thing , and she" said it was . She said John Benn had promised her marriage . He had cohabited with her . Deceased said she had boiled the herb in a
saucepan . After the examination of other witnesses , the jury returned . a verdict of felo de se .
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THE SARDINIAN WORKMEN . The followiug address has been presented by the Sardinian workmen now visiting the Exhibition : — " TO 1 UX ENGIISII SOCIETY OF THE FRIENDS OF ITALY IN IONDOKT . " The Italian workmen who have come from tho Sardinian States to admire the cosmopolitan industry exhibited in the magnificent Crystal Palace , erected by British genius for so noble a purpose , believe that they would neglect a sacred duty of gratitude if they quitted the shores of the Thames without addressing their warmest thanks to you , the friends of their unhappy country , oppreaed by the stranger . " We , who , thanks to our statute , enioy the
advantage of free institutions , are yet but divided by the Ticino from those brethren the cry of whoso long martyrdom is first addressed ^ to us . May the great British nation be impressed . by you ia favour of the unhappy Peninsula , so that in the approaching struggle of the people she niay me with tho powerful support of British influence . May the blessing of that God rest upon you who has marked out with His almighty finger the boundaries of our nationality . That nationality , opposed to foreign , invasion , and by him who impiously and tyrannically arrogates to himself f he right of representing the God who is the father of the peoples on earth , will arise more rapidly if it meet the sympathy of free nations , and more especially of yours . " Tub Italian Workmen or the Sarwsian States " Sept . 8 . " in London .
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The Sardinian workmen arrived in Man * Chester to the number of forty-nine , on Sunday evening . They had letters of introduction to the mayor and authorities , and hare been treated with a good deal of consideration . On Monday two officers of the civil force were deputed to conduct them to some of the principal workshops . In the evening a party of them dined with the mayor . Two addresses Were presented to the mayor on Monday at the Town Hall , one in English , by Chevalier Lencisa , the other in French , by Chevalier Scappini . The mayor briefly acknowledged the double compliment In French ' , Afterwards ,
accompanied by the mayor , they walked through the Exchange , viewed the exterior of the Cathedral , went through the warehouse of Messrs . Potters and Norria , and a small party also inspected Mr . Joynson's silk mill . Confession of Murder . —A few days since a private soldier of the 40 tli Regiment , at present stationed in Cork Barracks , made a confession to one of the persons employed in the military prison , to the effect that he had committed a murder in England ten years since . A private investigation took place on the 16 th inst ., at the police office , before Mr . Sugrue , when the soldier made the
following statement - —In the July of 1841 be was walking in a place called Ash , in Kent , when be met a young woman , named Betsy Court , whom he suspected of having some money . He demanded the money , which she refused to give ; an altercalion took place , and the result was that he dragged her into a field and murdered her with a razor . He hid the body in a corn . Geld , and the growing corn , concealed it from view until the harvest , when it was discovered by the persons engaged in reaping . Tbe soldier , whose name is Frederick Kent , and who is an Englishman , was upon his confession transmitted to the county gaol , where he remains to await the result of inquiries into the truth of
his confession . Redemption Society . — Tho rules for management of a Co-operative Store , in connexion withthe Society , are now prepared , and will be brought-before a special meeting of the members on Wednesday evening , September 24 th , when it is hoped tbat they will be adopted , and immediate steps taken to carry out the schemes . Monies received for the week : — Leeds , £ 1 la . Is . ; Newcastle , per Mr . lohnson , £ 1 Is . 2 d . —Building Fund : Leeds , 9 s . ; Newcastle , 3 s . 9 d . —Propagandist Fund , 2 a . 2 d . —James Henderson , Seoretary , 162 , Briggate , Leeds . l .
Charge op Fraud uson tub Rotai , Baks ot Ireum—On Tuesday Constable Brennan , of tha detective force , brought to the College-street Police-office , Dublin , in custody , Benjjtmin Honry Percy Grierson , of lork-street , Kingstown , whom he had arrested at Glasthule on tho previous evening , on a warrant charging him with , embezzling and feloniously converting to his own use an English Post Bill for £ 150 , which had been entrusted to him on the 13 th of May last , in his capacity of clerk in tho Royal Bank of Ireland ,. ? oster-place . Tho prisoner was remanded .
Bloomehism in Picadilly , —On the 12 th instant a further attempt was made to familiarise the in ~ habitants of London with tho appearance of th& . new female costume lately introduced in America . Two young ladles , with two companions who might have been their mothers , alighted from a cab in the peculiar dresa so often described of late , and , proceeding towards the entrance ok the Green Park , distributed in tbeir way handbills containing a spirited exhortation to the women of England to tbrow off the yoke of theiv vuifeeling and brutal oppressors ,, and adopt an attiie better suited to the dignity of tho equal of mas * . In a short time the pressure of the crowd became so great , tbat the missionaries found it con-zenient to call a cab , which , they entered amid . much laughter ,, mingled with cheering _
. _ . LdDGISG-UOUSES FOR THB LABOtJINO LLiBSES . —An . act was passed in tho late session , whica can now be put into operation , to . encourage tho establishment of lodging-houssB for the laboucing classes . . There are fifty-three- sections in theacfc , which i * not to extend to Scotland , and ast&edulo of bya * laws for the regulation of tho lodging-houses . Ifc . ia declared by tne jjaeamblo to be desirable for the health , comfort ,, aad welfare of &e inhabitants oi ' towns ^ and populous districts & > encourage , the establishment tsemn of well ovdgied lodging-houses for the labouring classes . T&e act may bcincorporated for aay incorporated , borough under the Municipal Act to adopt the present statues , or for any local board of health * or for any parish in
England , with a population oi not less than 10 , 000 , or being a pariah in any suoh idcorporated borough with a Ilk © population , with the approval of the Homo Secretary to put the act in force . Funds may be raised hy councils and parishes to meet the expenses . A vestry meeting , on a requisition of ten rate-payers , may be called to decide whether the Act shall be adopted . Commissioners are to enforce the Batne , and monies arising from lodging-houses are to be applied towards defraying the expenses . When lodging-houses under the Act ore fn <* e r « I too expensive they may be sold . The f ft ^ P ^ J . " sions are of a general character , to regulate the pro Cee Senant . General Sir J < M ^ h jKuSS a most minute inspect on of ^ ' ^ JL jk tiona in the Channel Islands and the western cwb * of England .
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . T . B . Dbkcohbb , Esq ., M . P ., President . Established 1845 , . " PUUBSriTIi . " "If it were possible for the working classea , by combining among themselvei , to raise , or keep up tht general rate of wages , it need hardly be said that this would be a thing not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced at . " Stuabt Mill . ' NATIONAL ASaonT A TTnv nF
Since our last article , the ' Times / in that usual coarse and unscrupulous style for which it is pre-eminent , has issued another of its lying leaders , for the avowed purpose of preventing the working classes from assisting the ' convicted conspirators' from obtaining that justice In the Court above , which has been denied them at Stafford . In thia article the National Association , its patriotic President , and its Officers , share amongst them the fall measure of the editorial invective . We shall not
presume to offer any defence for Mr . Duncombe , against the foul and slanderous attack of this pre-eminently vituperate journah That honourable gentleman's public life is a complete and triumphant answer to the calumnies of this anonymons Bcribbler . Leaving , therefore , Mr . Duncombe ( if indeed he will condescend to notice its impertinence ) , to deal withthe 'Times , ' we shall only attempt to defend the National Association and its Officers , from its cowardl y slanders . The ' Times' thus describes the National
Association : — 'There is , it appears , a body of persons who choose to call themselves The National Association of United Trades . The ostensible purpose of these people is to protect the interest of the working classes in the various trades througliont the country ; the real object of the Association is , to find an easy means of subsistence for a small number of idle peoplemen who dislike hard work , find agitation more agreeable than steady . industry , and have therefore employed their wits to devise a means fe y which they can live upon ttw labour of others . ' How far this description is applicable , we leave to the thousands who have watched the
progress as friends , or opponents ; or those numerous bodies who have reaped solid advantages from the labours of those ' idle people , ' whom six consecutive Conferences have chosen to conduct the affairs of the . Association , to decide . We think , however , that this is a matter with which the ' Tiroes , ' nor those for whom it writes , have any great right to trouble themselves . As every association of capital assume the right to manage its own affairs between itself and its executive , we think that the associations of labour might well be left also to mannge their affairs , without the impertinent meddling of the Times . If , however , the above quoted paragraph is offensively officious , the next few sentences are supremely ridiculous ; but leave it to those who are acquainted with Trades' Unions and their operatives to judge , whether any thing could exceed the following sentences in exquisite absurdity : —
" So soon as they ( the idle people ) find any trade flourishing , and the working men well off , they immediately set themselves to work , for the purpose of persuading these working men that they ought to be dissatisfied . Certain delegates are dispatched to prove to the poor fellows that they aro illused—that their masters are tyrants—and that resistance and a turn out are a sacred duty which the men owe to themselves , their families , and their class . " How awfully " green" are all our well paid mechanics and artisans , according to this sapient editor , or , as our friends the Lancashire lads would say , " how gradely soft . " Of course , the Wolverhampton Tinmen are described ( and Mr . E . Perry ' s statements are produced as proofs of it ) in this blessed state of industrial felicity ; and tbat , therefore , they were exactly the men to excite the cupidity of tbe " idle people , " the Executive Committee of the National
Association . Now , if the editor of the " Times , " as a public journalist , as he ought to have done , had made himself acquainted with tho evidence given upon the trial on . both sides , before he presumed to publiely comment upon tbe case , he would have known that all that he has been writing , however clever and dashing , is utterly destitute of the only quality which can . make even the finest writing respectable truth . It is not true , although Mr . E . Perry insinuates it , and the " TCimea" aaaerta it , that the
"idle people" troubled themselves in the local affairs of tho Wolverhampton Tinmen until they had been strongly and repeatedly requested to do so . It is not true that ' the " idle people" conspired to induce the Perrys articled men to break their engagements .. But it is true that they did all they could to prevent it , and were mainly instrumental in checking it as soon as they knew of it . It is also not true ( although Mr . E . Perry states it } that he paid as good a price aa his neighbours , or anything ike it . Here are our proofs , unimpeached and unimpeachable : —
"Samoei . Bbyabt examined by Mr . Macnamaba . — Was present when Green and Feel waited upon Mr . E . Perry , as a deputation , in April , 1850 , to talk about the assimilation of prices . They were oourteously received by Mr . Perry . Thought Mr . Peel told Mr . Perry they were opposed to strikes . A book of prices had been talked of in the trade for two years and a half . Believed that Mr . Perry complimented Peel and Green on the manner in which they conducted tbeir business . John SwmonBTi'corroboratedthe evidence of the previous witness , " as to what passed at the interview of the deputation , of which he was one , with Mr . Perry . Mr . Perry Baid that he had long known what was going on , and anticipated a strike ; and that he had got some tin kettles to ring them out . Mr . Perry shook hands with Peel , sayme it was customary to do so before fighting . The
same articles for which Mr . Perry paid 24 s ., Mr . Shoolbred paid 31 s . for . "J . Elliot examined . —Was president of theWol-Terbampton Tin-plate Workers' Association , and a member of the United Trades' Association . Messrs . Peel , Green , and Winters were invited to come down to Wolverhampton by the Tin-plate Workers' Society . They recommended all hired men to fulfil their contracts to the letter . Had never known them to use threats or intimidation , or to recommend others to do so . Peel first came down in April , when he stayed a fortnight , lie came again in August or September . Believed Peel was not at Wolverhampton in July . Peel lodged ftt the Seven Stars , in John-street , and not at the Star , as had been stated ior the prosecution . It was always their object to avoid interference with tho hired men ; and a placard to that effect was posted up in various factories .
" John Hand examined . —Remembered the strike of Mr . Perry ' s hired men in November last . Called the attention of Winter and Green to the fact , who advised the men to return and fulfil their engagements . In consequence of this they did ao . " Evidence to tne same effect having been given by other witnesses , " 'Mr . G . Robinson was examined by Mr . Pehrt . —Was an attorney . Was mayor of Wolverhampton in 1 S 50 . In October last Mr . E . Perry
claimed his protection by letter . Witness suggested the mediation of the magistrates . A meeting was consequently held , at which several magistrates attended . Mr . E . Perry was there , and also witness , Green , and otters . Green spoke on behalf of the workmen . No satisfactory arrangement was arrived at . The magistrates gave an opinion , which was not accepted by Mr . Perry . A few days after , Winter or Green requested witness to interfere to prevent Mr . Perry ' s hired men from breaking their contract . "
We think any man , except a prejudiced editor , will here perceive that the grave enarges against the Central Committee have no foundation in fact , and that instead of the Tin-plate Workers having no ju 3 t cause of complaint against Mr . Perry , hero is the uncontradicted evidence of a man who left Mr Perry at thestriKe , because ho was dissatisfied , who swears he gets 3 K from Mr . Shoolbred for making the same article that Mr . Perry paid 24 s ., being a difference of twenty-nine per cent , and a fraction . And this is the sort of justice Mr . Perry boasts of having meted out to his men for the last nine years , and , consequently , his men had no cause for complaint—and so say the " Times and " Daily News . " Now we suppose Mr . Swinchett could , at all
events , make one dozen of these articles weekly , which at Mr . Perry ' s prices would be 24 s ., ana ao Mr . Shoolbred ' s 31 s . ; the difference between these prices at the year ' s end will amount to about £ 1 S 4 s ., in round numbers ; and for the nine years that Messrs . Perry , and Messrs . Shoolbred and Walton , have been paying the same wage 3 respectively , Mr . Swinchett has been mulcted by Mr . perry _ if hehas worked for him so long—of no less a sum than £ 163 16 s . Multiply this by the 200 men said to have been in his employment , and there can be no doubt why he was so satisfied on the one hand , and his men so dissatisfied on the other . Nor can it be supposed that men in tbe position of Swinchett , should require any great amount of persuasion from the " idle people , " to produce that unhappy state of mind vbieb , induced him , and
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MONIES RECEIVED For the Wkrk Ending Thursday , SEFI 2 JIBER 18 X 11 , 1851 . THE HOBESTY FBID . ESCEIVED BT W . BUt £ B . £ a . a . From a few Reels ) Dalston , Cumberland , per Melitus i 0 3 3 A Democrat , CheB 3 kow .. .... ' ,. 0 0-6 £ ft 3 . 9
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NATIONAL CHARTER FUND . Receha * bv Jobs Arnotc—J . Cusaerou , Manchester Td -Bingley , per J . Wildlls lOd—Yictoria-park locality , per H . T . Uolyoabftis 7 d-Ipswicb , per G . Gibbs 2 B-Brjsto 1 perW . Shehan 6 s—Congleton , per T . Pickford 6 s 2 a—H . Bowlei , Walworth , per C . Snugp la . —Total £ 112 a 2 d .
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PRoviDENitAi * Escape . — Query . — Naeles , Sept . 4 . —His Neapolitan Majesty very aarrowly escaped death on Saturday laBt . The King was driving some members of the Royal family in the -vicinity of the Oaserta Railway , and was about to cross the line , not observing : a train was rapidly advancing , A countryman i rushed forward and held the horseB' heads , to 1 the great consternation of his Majesty , who , I not perceiving the danger , imagined a hostile ! intention on the part of the mw , wh . o was in i fact fiavisg his life ,
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THE AUSTRALIAN EL DORADO AND REPUBLIC . A second California has been discovered in Australia . Attracted by the seductive tidings the resident population hare already rnshed offto the occupation of Gold finding . Shepierds have left their flockB and herds to -wanderuncaredfor . Shopkeepers deserted their tills , clerks their desks , sallow their ships , the shoemaker . Ms awl . the carpenter Ma saw , and
themaBonliisclifiel , with the intention and icpe of picking up a fortune among the hilly regions near Batburet . As yet the intelligence ia but scanty and vague , though there i 3 no Qoubt as to the truth of the main fact . The < 5 tent of the auriferous district , and the comparative abundance of the metal with that of California , ia not yet ascertained , though it appears that its discovery was principally wing to the similarity of the strata and geological formation of the district to that of the < S ) ld region in the New State of the American
federation . The rapidity with which a large population poured from all quarters of the world into California , may oe taken as an indication of « ae immense impetus which this nows will give o Australian emigration ; and whatever may h the immediate result to the individuals themselves , cannot fail to have a mighty iufiuence on the future fate of the colonies in that country . As the machinery of Government older settlements
is ia full operation in the , aad the population is conBideraole , besides using trained to the ordinary pursuits of industry , we do not anticipate anything like the excitement , demoralisation , and lawlessness , which attended the sudden peopling of the Galifornian placers with a motley assemblage -of rovers and adventurers , from all quarters of the globe . But on the other hand , the rapid influx of an adventurous and enterprising race
cf men , will be certain to derange the existing state of things in the colonies , and to create Agencies for which the present Government "Brill be found totally inadequate . Apart , therefore , from ite bearings on the social and industrial condition © f Australia ; sad , as a consequence , in this country ; we ¦ JHav expect that this discovery will have a Powerful political influence on the destiny of % widely separated Colonies which now * sist there as the mere nucleus of future States . Even under the old very gradual and limited increase of population , the Government had Practically become unfit for the wants of the c ountry . Hampered and restricted in its operation" by an © ffice 18 , 000 miles distant , ^« 6 easarily knowing little of its actual wants .
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SEPT ^ MBER WtS 5 ^ --- ' . _ . . ' • - ' - ' - ' " ; $ Hffij ^ -, ¦ •• ¦ - _¦ :: -- . : ¦ ,. -.. , . ; ' - — - ^— ' — ¦¦
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 20, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1644/page/5/
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