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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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^ un « auals , the state possesses a controlling influence in thefoimation of their general character andpursiuts , and can make these either buneriorandusefttl , or depraved and mischievous , Accor ding to the use it makes of that power . Oar statesmen and rulers resolutely shut their eyes upon this great and precious truth . Jhey habitually ignore the fact that they lave the power of shaping this good man , and prevent him from becoming that bad one , by the app lication of the requisite appliances , Thev are content to look passively on while RriZ . i . ?! , » cfrQtoTMiwBSRPJsacnntrnllinflrin-
thousands of helpless and unfortunate children are broug ht up in the midst of an impure and polluted moral atmosphere to be bad men bad citizens , bad subjects . They stand by and do nothing till their innocence is lost . "When the pure child has become a thief , then , and not till then , the mighty engine framed by leg islative ingenuity seizes upon him , brands Juni with its stigma , makes him an object of shams , reproach , and avoidance—and thus shots out all hope of reformation or restoration to society .
It is a tenable thing for a Christian community to destroy the souls and pervert the 2 ive 3 of its subjects in this way . It is all the more fearful , when it is recollected that to have made them good men and good citizens would cost far less money and trouble them to have turned them out , thus misshapen , brutal , and savage . The experience of the Glasgow Industrial Schools shows that the maintenance , industrial , learning , and mental instruction of its poor children costs j £ 4 a year . A pauper costs thirteen pounds ; a
prisoner sixteen pounds seven and fonrpence . Thiss , in thrifty , economical Scotland . We dard not count the cost of paupers and criminals in England . We have heard , that in some prisons , including rent , the annual cost of each inmate is not less than sixty pounds ! Certain it is , that the expense of our criminal population , direct and indirect , cannot be counted by less than millions ; while the whole of the educational machinery set in motion b y Government , is covered by a petty yearly grant of some hundred and fifty thousand pounds .
We believe that it would do more if the Etate of public opinion would permit it . But , horrible to state , 'the religious' would , par excellence , form the great barrier to the exten-Eion of educational facilities for the masses 1 Until they can agree what creed shall be taught , no instruction in the duties which man owes to man , which the citizen owes to the community , shall be imparted . Until they have settled which is the true reading of doctrines , which have set nations and sects by the ears for centuries , the masses are to grow np untaught , nncared for , unprovided with the
physical and mental training , which is requisite to enable them to support themselves By honest industry , and to contribute their quota to the general welfare . Sure and gr ievous is the retribution we endure for this great wrong . If we refase to make provision whereby they may learn how to discharge the duties of citizens , we must accept the other alternative , of supporting them either as paupers or criminals . There is no escape from the penalty . We have paid , and are paying it ,
in a thousand ways . It is not only the moneycost of our useless franchise system , the large expenditure upon workhouses , gaola , lunatic asylums , penal colonies , and the administration of so-called ' justice , ' that we suffer . The whole line of society is depraved and diseased —its energies are wasted in vain , futile and wrongly directed efforts—and , in the midst of the chaos , the Legislature sits in a costly palace fulminating laws against evils , the causes of which are left wholly untouched .
"Within the last week or two , we have seen gatherings of several educational parties , professedly anxious that the people should be properly instructed . At Leeds , the advocates of the humbug called ' Voluntary Education / mustered under the presidency of Edwabd Baixes , and resolved that no systematic and national effort shall be made to banish Ignorance , and dry up the sources of Crime . At Manchester , another Association , a little more enlightened , patronised—under the sanction of the Bishop—a petty plan which mi ^ ht sui t Manchester anditsneighbourhoodtosomesmall extent , but which is wholly inapplicable to the national wants . The Government , meanwhile , dares not move further .
How different from all this is the policy of the Kepuhlican States of America . There the people have the government in their own hands , and the use " they make of their power is to put educational facilities within the reach of the whole population . The Common Schools of Democratic America are the accusing angel of European monarchies . Intelligence , industry , and enterprise , are the moving springs of action , the guarantees of prosperity and durability in a Commonwealth . Ignorance , Superstition , Slavery , and Crime , are the foundations of a Despotism , in which the horrible blasphemy of ' the many for the one or the few , ' is avowed and acted upon .
How long shall such monster evils disfigure and polute this fair earth ?
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The ' Presse , ' the 'Siecle , ' and other newspapers have shared a similar fate , for repnblishing the obnoxious letter ; and several seizures of newspapers have been made in the provinces . It muBt be borne in mind , that this war is only waged against the Democratic Press . The Legitimist , Baonapartist , and Catholic organs , are allowed most perfect freedom ; however severe their unceasing attacks upon the present Government , Monarchical and Absolutist sentiments are liberally tolerated . The 'Pretse' the « Sh > p . 1 p » and ntW tiawr .
The Paris correspondent of the ' Times ' expresses somo surprise at the readiness of Juries to convict , and labours to prove that the prosecutions are the acts of the People , and not of the Government . But journalism in France is very different from what it is in England . We are-informed that if every article was revised before publication , it would be impossible to avoid the captious investigation of Louis Napoleon ' s Star Chamber ; and it is almost an impossibility to protect the accused , against the invariable sentence of condemnation of a Seine Jury . In England , pending a trial , it is unlawful to write anything calculated to intimidate or influence the Judges . On the contrary in France , before
judgment is pronounced the Press is free to make comments , but judgment once given all criticism is illegal . It may be proved that a jury is mistaken , a judge bribed , or a witness perjured , nevertheless the verdict is reputed infallible , ' and any hint that an innocent man has been convicted , is severely punishable . This accounts , in a great measure , for the silence of the Press when a verdict has been given against one of their fraternity . But the aim of the Government in pursuing such a mistaken policy is not obvious ; for no class of the public can accept such an unreasonable prosecution as a service rendered . to society : the result is , to exasperate those men whose councils have been hitherto calm and pacific .
The direct responsibility of the prosecutions rests with the Government , the first step of seizure and accusation being taken by the Procurer of the Republic—an officer removeable at will—who must , therefore , be the willing tool of the Ministry ; hence the prosecution of the Press is wholly traceable to the authorities , and is not in the least to be attributed to public opinion , by which , indeed , such rigour is loudly condemned . The charge of exciting to civil war has been brought against the ' Avenement , ' as the establishment of that head of accusation enables the court to
pronounce at once the suspension of the paper . Such acts exhibit a systematic merciless intolerance of the free expression of public opinion in a country where such an intolerance has never been and never can be successfully maintained . Such a course must be regarded as a proof of blind presumption , which willlead rapidly to the fall of the enemies of the Republic . The ' Presse' has been persecuted for the single word ' gloriously , ' It aaid that 'the flag of the Toung Republic' had been gloriously pierced by the balls of two condemnations . For this expression it was deemed by the ingenious lawyer , whose duty it is to
to pick some hole in opposition articles , for bringing an indictment on the charge , of apologising for an act qualified as an offence by a penal law . No less despotic * is the soul debasing spysystem . M . Caylus , the principal Editor of the ^ rational , * now in the department of the Dordogne , declares that he has often thrown aside as exaggerated complaints from correspondents , which he now knows to have fallen short of the truth . He describes society as poisoned by informers , to whom every
functionary , from the prefect to the private gendarme , is ever eager to lend an ear . The slightest word or misunderstood sign aufikeB to throw a man into prison ; Iettlers are broken open , and portentions accusations of conspiracy are built np out of some few ambiguous phrases . Even the priest sometimes opens the gaol doors for his flock . Some coal merchants were lately drinking together in a wine shop to bind a bargain j ust concluded , and over their wine they sang a well known song , the burden of which is aux armes !
The parish priest passing by , thought he heard the words Aux armes ! eourons aux 'fonctionaires . ' The timerous priest denounced them as conspirators sgainst functionaries , and tliey were actually tried upon the conveniently vague and now most common accusation , of' exciting hatred in citizens towards each other . Fortunately , in the covintry accusation and conviction are not , as to Paris , synonymous terms , and they irere acquitted . At the same assizes a man was tried and acquitted upon a charge of persuading electors to abstain from voting at the election which , owing to the ahstentation of the whole republican party , sent 1 L Magne to the Assembly . Several mayors liave been suspended because the electors of their to roteThe National Guard of
communes refused . Mussidan has been dissolved , without any other piausible motive than the abstention of its members from voting . A coffee-house keeper was threatened with , au order to shut np his house for having some portraits of refugee representatives hung upon his walls . At the same time the police made a domiciliary visit to his brother-in-law , a cutler by trade , and were with difficulty prevented frem seizing , as unlawful arms , a parcel of knives which had been ordered for the colonies . M . Caylus represents the inhabitants of the disctricts that he has visited as determined to bear all patiently till 1 S 52 , which period they confidently believe will inaugurate a new system .
Since the above was written , we learn that the latest act of the ' Cossack' Government has been the conviction and sentence to six months' imprisonment of the Editors of the ' Presse' and ' Avenement . ' So much for the hope of tranquillity in 1852 . Order reigns ! The gagged people cease to murinur—the fettered press to move with healthy action—all is calm , but the silence is eloquent andominus . Might ib right , and the simple question now is—The GOVERNMENT 01 THE PEOPLE , OR DESPOTISM ?
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Tbb Late Outrage in the Forest or Dean . — The public will remember the abominable outrage committed in July last upon Alary WCarthy , a poor Irish , w oman , in tUo Forest of Dean , and for which five of the miscreants were convicted and sentenced to transportation at the last assizes . The poor woman was travelling through the forest in a very weak state when she was decoyed into an outhouse by a gang of nine miners , by whom she was abased one after another in the most shocking manner . In addition to the five men already convicted we have now to state the police of the Coleford district nave succeeded in apprehending three other men , named Henry Shapcott , John Lea ,
and Hiram Archer , on suspicion of having been concerned in the outrage . It appears that Superiutendent GriffiD , of the Coleford station , Laving last week received information , from a sister of one of the men convicted at the assizes , others of the gang were in hiding at Moseley-green , he immediatelv dispatched half a dozen constables to that place , and they succeeded in arresting Shapcott and Lea as they came out of a coal pit , and they were at once taken to the workhouse at Westburv , to be confronted with the injured woman . ' On Thusday they were had up before Sir M . II . C . Boevey , Bart ., and E . O . Jones , Esq ., atNewnbain , when Shapcott was fully identified as being one of the parties who committed the rape , and fully committed for trial ; but Lea was discharged , the able to identif
woman not being y him . The man , Hiram Archer , who was apprehended by another constable , was also confronted with the woman , and fully identified , and he also was committed to the assizes . This makes seven out of the nine men , and as there is a reward of £ 50 out against them , there is little doubt but the others will soon be n custody . At the assizes it may be remembered that three of the prisoners were sentenced to transportation for life , and the other two , who appeared to show some little mercy towards their victim , to transportation for twenty years . Of the two prisoners now committed , the woman sweara that Shapcott was not only guilty with the others in committing the rape upon her , but that he also kicked her in a most brutal manner on tho thigh causing her most severe injuries .
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WINDING UP OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . APPOINTMENT OF THE OFFICIAL MANAGER . i . . . . , .. _ ., _ . ¦ WTWT ) TN ( t TTP OP THT ? . ¦ WATTn NTATi
Tuesday laBt being the day appointed by Master Humphrey- for the adjourned hearing of petitions from applicants for the appointment of Official Manager of the estates of the above Company , counsel was heard on behalf of Mr . Alfred Ainger . It will be recollected that the last hearing took place on the 9 th inst ., when . counsel were heard on behalf of the several applicants . The petition of Mr . Ainger , however , was ordered to stand over , on account of many of the signatures being in the same hand writing ; and in order that evidence might be produced in verification of the names subscribed to the proposals .
The following counsel appeared on behalf of their respective clients : —Messrs . Sweet , Roxburgh , James , Chichester , De Gex , Hill ; Rogers , and Bead . The case wan heard > n the Vice Chancellor Turner ' s Court . Mr . Sweet , on behalf of Mr . Ainger , inquired whether it would not be more convenient to enter first ; into the question of the verification of the signatures , and to proceed with the qualifications of Mr . Ainger afterwards . Mr . Jambs said , he should like to know how Mr . Sweet would explain the fact ,. tbat whilst there
were 7 , 520 shares represented by 2 , 100 signatures , only 1 , 395 were found to be genuine . The lists had since been carefully examined , several names were certified , and this was the result . Mr . Sweet said the matter was so easily explained , tbat there could be very little doubt upon his Honour ' s mind of the genuineness of the signatures attached to his client ' s petition . His Honour begged to remind , Mr . Sweet , that whateverdoubttheremightbe . howefer small , should be reduced to a certainty before he could prooeed , o act .
Mr . Roxburgh beggedto call the ttention of the Master to a printed circular which had been circulated at the instance of Mr . W . P . RobertB , the solicitor to the National Land Company . When he handed that document to the Master , it would be seen how si gnatures were obtained . It was addressed to the several shareholders , and went into particulars which should have been passed over , and finally ended with calling on the shareholders who could not write to make a cross thus (}* J ) before their names . The mark of John Noakes ( f *{) . Mr . James begged to call the attention of his lonour to another important fact , that a proposal had been sent in from Leicester with 320 names attached , and these names were represented by five persons . This was since the last meeting . Mr . Chinhery , solicitor for Mr . Ainger and agent to Mr . Roberts , said , that Leicester was an exception . He had examined the lists as closely as time allowed him .
Mr . James said , he found exactly the same with reapect to Leeds . The Masier thought , that after what had taken place upon the former occasion , and the arrangement that had been come to , the course pursued was very improper . Mr . SwBEi said , the matter was easily explained . He had the statements by him contained in the affidavits , and they would prove that his client was aotuated by no intention to deceive the court . Mr . Roxburgh again called the attention of his honour to the circular addressed to the shareholders .
When coupled with this fact , his honour would recollect that this Mr . Roberts was solicitor to Mr . O'Connor , and that Mr . O'Connor was the Land Company ; he would see how this proceeding was got up on behalf of Mr . Ainger . Mr . Sweet objected to Mr . Roxburgh taking the course he was then pursuing . He would ask the Master whether he would allow him ( Mr . Sweet ) if lie went into the whole case to reply to observations previously made by him ; besides , Mr . Roberts had made an affidavit in which he distinctly denies ever having been solicitor to Mr . O'Connor .
Mr . James . — -In which he rather confirms the fact . Perhaps Mr . Sweet would read the affidavit . Mr . Roxburgh bogged to read the evidence before the House of Commons , in which it was stated that Mr . Roberts was not only solicitor to the Land [[ Company , [ but treasurer also . It was Mr . . Roberts who iiadtbe deed of settlement executed , and drew up the petition for windicg-up the Company . The Master asked Mr . Sweet whether he had any observation to make respecting the manner in which the order then under consideration had been obtained . He thought a most material question would arise out of this point .
Mr . Sweet said he would proceed to read the affidavits . The first affidavit ho Bhouid road waa that of Mr . Chinnery . That gentleman was agent for Mr . Roberts . His evidence was to the effect that the signatures to the several proposals were sent through the post-office . " Was never at any time solicitor to Mr . O'Connor . Verily believed that Mr . Marshall Turner , of Lincoln ' s Inn , had acted in the capacity of private solicitor to Mr . O'Connor . Believed Mr . O'Connor did not know the Raid Alfred Ainger , and that tho said act ( the Winding-np of the Company ) was for the benefit of those who held shares , and not for the benefit of any party whatever . " As to the signatures themselves it should first be recollected that there wa 3 no regulation under the " Winding-up Act , " or the
special act under which these proceedings were instituted , as to the mode in which signatures were to be affixed . It was necessary also to bear in mind that most of the persons sending in proposals were very illiterate , many of them unable to write their names . Under such circumstances there was no other means of communicating with them than by obtaining their verbal authority . It waa not , therefore , unnatural that many names should be signed by one person . Nor was there anything peculiar , for he observed the same in several of the other proposals . In Mr . Price ' s , for example , he observed the instances were very numerous . In those of Mr . Goodchap , he observed a few . Mr . James said that in the proposals for his client only ninety were found among the number which were written by the same hand , out of
2 , 400 . Mr . Roxburgh , on behalf of Mr . Goodchap , requested that Mr . Sweet would point out any names in the proposals for his client that were written in the same handwriting . Mr . Swebt continued . —He did not intend io impute impropriety to Mr . Price or Mr , Goodohap J he was only anxious to exculpate his client . These signatures were obtained by consent . The AlAsrKB . —I suppose , Mr . Sweet , you have some circumstantial affidavits , which may explain the discrepancy ?
Mr . Sweet . —Certainly , Sir . It would be necessary , however , first to refer to the afiidavit of Mr . Roberts . In that affidavit it would bo found that whilst Mr . Roberts admitted he had been solicitor to the Company he denied being the solicitor of Mr . O'Connor . It would be found that when the interests of the Company and Mr . O'Connor should clash , Mr . Roberts should actively oppose Mr . O'Connor . Mr . James begged to submit to his honour some evidence taken in the first report of the National Land Company . Some questions were asked of Mr . Roberts regarding the purchase of land , to which the following answers were given- — «• All lands wero bought in the name of Mr . O'Connor , Believed they were purchased for the Company . Had acted for Mr . O'Connor . Had purchased laud at Herringsgate , and other places , in the name of Mr . O'Connor . "
Mr . Sweet proceeded . Mr . Roberts was never the private solicitor Qf Mr . O'Connor . The Master . —What do you mean , Mr . Sweet , that I should understand by the term " private solicitor ?" Mr . Sweet . —That he never acted for Mr . O' Connor in any matter , but in so much as Mr , O'Connor was connected with tho Company . The Master . —But Mr . O'Connor was a mos important person ; and in all matters of personal interest connected with the Company Mr . Roberts acted for Mr . O'Connor .
Mr . Sweet . —But that was acting for Mr . 0 Connor simply as a shareholder . It was further stated in the affidavit , that Mr . O'Connor was not aware of the present proceedings 1 . Did not know that Mr . O ' Connor was in England , but had seen a letter which had been received by post , marked " Leghorn . " Mr . Roberts was the solicitor appointed by the whole body o the shareholders . He was retained in the usua manner to get the deed of settlement executed , and the Company duly registered . The affidavit states that deponent believed that the private solicitors to Mr . O'Conaor were the firm of Yates and lurner , of George's-street . The Master . —After the statements of the affi . davits how came Mr . O'Connor to be so conspicuous a person in having the bill introduced into parliament ?
Mr . Sweet . —He was driven to it—he ( Mr . Sweet ) believed by Sir Benjamin Hall . He had claims upon the society to a considerable amount . Besides , there were a vast number of advocates for the passing of the bill . The date of the affidavit he referred to was the 16 th September . There was another affidavit , of the 19 th September , complaining of unfair means used by a person named Thomas Martin Wheeler , to prejudice Mr . Ainger , and of Mr . Price , one of tho candidates . It was hardly worth while to read the letterB attached to the affidavit . There was another affidavit of Mr .
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? o hi tTffl f dat ^ , 23 rd September , which referred no Ssthan l ° Qni IetterS - Ifc Would be found tha * Sftk ^^ Pr 0 p 03 al 8 beeD fflade f «« aV ? , tn ; rF ° . Mr - s * eefc all ° w the issue to rest upon that circumstance ? n ' « nT ? - said > he woul ( 1 all ° * the "sue to rest p he circut nstanoes of the case . Mr . CnwNERY said , he had only received the pro-¦ T a * $ ™ g- He had had the names carefully added , and they were then to be aeon before his counsel marked off in red ink . The Master . —Do those proposed purpose to be ve n y a Pat ti ° alar form of verificition ? Mr . Lhisnert handed in several lists to the Master , which purported to be certificated . Ohinnery ' s , dated 23 rrf Honw ^* .. ™ vi «» . ~~ r j
Mr . Sweet coutinued . -There were several affidavits which related to the manner in which the signatures had been obtained . The first were the % ? ¥ L ¦? pe ^? named Raventwhistle and Sarah , his wife . That person was Secretary to the Chtheroe Branch of the National Land Company . These affidavits stated that , deponents had procured several names , and written them on the proposals with the authority of their owners . Mo 8 t of the names were written in the presence of Kaventwniatle ' s wife , with the exception of fifteen . These were procured by James Atkin . The number of shares in that district was about 300 . There were other affidavits from — Wilkinson , Chorley Branch , by whom two or three names were written :
John Whittle , Lander ; William Liddell , of the O Connor Bri gade Branch ; James Brown Preston Branch ; James Waterhouse , W . Parkinson Alex . Henderson , Secretary to the Hyde Branch , Cheshire ; JSwin Hesketh Oswaldwhistle , Lancashire ; W . Grocott , Thomas Legars , TV * . Batho , of Man-Ohegter . in which similar statements were made . From these affidavits it was sufficiently apparent how signatures had been obtained . There was no other means by which the wishes of the shareholders could be made known to the court . Most of those men were unable to write , and meetings had to be held , in which one man who could write would sign the name of another upon his authority . It was in this way the irregularity had occurred .
The Master . —So far those statements remove the presumption of unfairnes . Mr . James said , that a question having ; been raised as to the identity of the names in the new proposals , these proposals had been examined by Mr . Westwood , and , in the very first page , he found no less than twenty-five names which appeared in the old proposals . Mr . Chinnery said , tho proposal having only come in that morning , he had but a short time to erase any repetitions . He had , howevw , done so as far as time permitted . Mr . RoXBURonread an pxiracfcfromihe 9 th section
of the act to the effect , that the parties having undoubted interests in connexion with the Company , allottees , for instance , aa in this eaBe , should take their share in the loss to the assets of the Company , and pay such rent as the Master should think fit , with a provision that the assets of the Company were to be divided among all the shareholders . The allottees were to have an interest in the General Fund of the Company . But there were allottees who never paid up the claims of the Com ; pany .
Mr . Sweet said , tbat he would proceed to the qualifications of Mr . Ainger . It was the duty of the Official Manager to arrange the affairs of the Company with such economy as would produce as much srofit as possible for the benefit of the shareholders . Mr . Ainger was represented by the solicitor to the shareholders of the Company . In managing a Company where , from tho nature of the shares , the dividends must be so small , and all the details so complicated , something more than a mere accountant was necessary . The circumstances were new , and the difficulty of getting information from the parties concerned was particularly great . It was the duty of an Official Manager , in a case like this , to be able to value and dispose
of the estates to the best advantage . It waB therefore necessary to have some person of a high order of education . The shareholders wanted a person competent to manage landed estates . Mr . Ainger had been constantly employed in matters of that kind . He was an architect of eminence , and therefore intimately acquainted with land and house property . There was no other candidate so qualified . If Mr . Ainger were contrasted with any of the other parties , it would be seen that he undoubtedly stood highest . The other candidates for the situation had not that knowledge of property of that description which Mr . Ainger possessed . Air . Grey ' s claim was simply that ho was an accountant . Mr . Quilter's claim was of a similar
character ; and the same might be said of Mr . Goodohap . Mr . Ernest was put forward by the allottees , who had adverse interests to the shareholders . Mr . Price was the personal friend of Mr . O'Connor . Mr . O'Connor ' s connexion with tho society should be investigated with the greatest sorutiny . Mr . Price had been tho Manager of the National Bank , at a salary of £ 500 per annum . . In support of this statement he would cite the 3 rd Report of Company Question , 2136 , wherein it was said that the Bank was carried on for tho benefit of the Company . This rendered Mr . Pricn an accountable person , and therefore disqualified to be Official Manager . Tho Master . —Do you mean , Mr . Sweet , that
there would be claims and cross claims in whiuh Mr . Prico , as Manager of the Bank for so long a time , must necessarily be interested ? Mr . Sweet . —I do , Sir . Mr . Ainger had been before employed in a similar capacity . There was an affidavit dated September 7 th , signed by several responsible persons connected with the Norwich Yarn Company , which had become insolvent , and of which Mr . Aingev had been appointed official manager , That gentleman advised that the Comyany should be ' carried on . for the benefit of the shareholders , and at the end of five monthB there was no less a sum than £ 5 , 000 surplus to be divided amongst the shareholders .
The Master . — Does he hold out any such hope wito reference to the National Land Company . Mr . James said that it was necessary , on behalf of his client , to say that Mr . Price knew nothing of Mr . O'Connor , more than that that gentleman came to him in the city and engaged him to manage the bank . With reference to the £ 0 , 000 , which wero alleged to be due by the Company to the bank , Mr . Price found that item entered on the books when he entered upon tho management , and when he left . He was appointed manager of the bank September 27 th , 1847 , and continued in that capacity till its final breaking up . Mr . Ainger was disqualified as the nominee of Mr . Roberts , who was solicitor to the Company , who got the deed of settlement executed , which was signed by more than
25 , 000 persons , and the cost ot wnicn amounted to £ 2 , 500 . The fact was , Mr . Roberts had got this order , according to his own affidavit , without the authority of Mr . O'Connor . Mr . Roberts was Company and Dank , and Mr . Ainger was his nominee . He denied that his client had any connexion with the Company . Tho recommendations of Mr . Price were signed by 2 , 403 shareholders , representing 7 , 950 shares . Mr . Swbet contended that Mr . James , having submitte d tho claiming of his client upon a former occasion , had no right to make a second speech . The Master said that Mr . James had not as yet travelled beyond due bounds .
Mr . James said ho had the affidavits of Mr . Westwood , in which he swore that the person named Thomas Martin Wheeler never took any unfair means to prejudice Mr . Ainger . Neither had the said Thomas Price circulated any documents to the prejudice of the said Alfred Ainger . It was well known that Mr . Prouting Roberts was theiutimate friend of Mr . Feargus O'Connor . There was another affidavit , signed L . Dean , J . Dean , and Ellas Penco , and the Thomas Sagar already mentiqned , which declared that in canvassing for the said Alfred Ainger , " a vast quantity ot ale and spirituatis liquors had been consumed , " which deponents considered to amount to " bribery and
corruption , and contrary to the usages of the High Court of Chancery . The Master said , that be had made up his ; mind to make no appointment of Official Manager until he was satisfied as to the mode in which the order had been obtained . It would be quite competent for Mr . O'Connor to return and apply to the court for the rescinding the order . He might appoint an interim manager , but it was first necessary that a full explanatory report should be furnished , for whomsoever he might appoint would be merely his ( the master ' s ) delegate . Mr . Cmsnery complained that a considerable deal of mystery had been thrown over the whole case by the other side .
The Ma 3 ter said , that whatever mystery had been thrown over the ease , had boon thrown over it by his ( Mr . Chinnery's ) affidavits . He would not take those affidavits alone , nor would he make any order until he had a full , clear , explanatory affidavit from Mr . Roberts . He would consult the convenience of the gentleman at the bar . Mr . Roobrs said , that it was necessary , if possible , to expedite the order , as the interest of very many poor persons were involved . £ 5 tThe Master : said the poor creatures must not be deluded into the notion that these matters could be finished in a day . Mr . Rogers proposed that Mr . Chinnery might be sworn as the act allowed .
Mr . CnissERY said that were he sworn , ho could clear up nil the mysticism . The Mastbr said he could not take Mr . Chinnery ' s affidavit . . Ho did not mean any disrespect to Mr . Chinnery , but he thought Unnecessary to have the affidavit of Mr . Roberts . It was proposed that the meeting should be adjourned to Friday . In consideration , however , of Mr . Roberts being travelling about the country , and the means of communicating with him uncertain , it was agreed that the case should be resumed on Tuesday next , at eleven o'clock . The proceedings were then adjourned at three o ' clock , until Tuesday , the 30 tb inac .
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[ We would have given a more detailed report but our reporter having applied to Mr . Chin ! neky , in court , for permission to look at several documents which were alluded to , and respecting which considerable discussion took place , that gentleman declined to afford him any opportunity . ] r _ _ .. = r ==
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . T . S . Duncombb , Esq ., M . P ., President . Emblithed 1545 , " fiat justitia . " 11 If it were possible for the working classes , by combining among themselves , to rai 6 e , or keep up the general rate of wages , It need hardly be said that this would be a thing not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced nt- Stimbt JIili .
It is quite evident that Mr . Perry ia ill at ease under his late triumph at Stafford . We think this < % sufficiently manifest , by the efforts ho has made , and ia still making , to follow his victory by such means as such a man would be likely to resort to . The pubho press-a portion of whose columns aro ever ready and open to those who would vilify and misrepresent the conduct and motives of workinff men—is the firsfc and most natural appliance which would present itself to such a mina ; and w ™ o " cordmgly find the « Daily News" and the « TW ' -not to mention the small herd of the lesser profhP ^ h !^ 6111 / 68 " ^ each of them been made the vehicles Of . much Qloquent abuse and virulent misrepresentations , eacfafter its own peculiar SteJJS ^ llm ? a ? ails «¦ wjfl-L « U the fury
- and impetuosity of a hired bravo . It flourishes its sharp and powerful pen with all the energy which a Blanshard or a Bradly used their swords , whom , in our day , we remember as tho choice melodramatic heroes of the olassic regions of Victoria . 10 defend ourselves against such powerful adepts in the art of attack were vain . No parlv no quarter , is ever allowed by the " Times" to its victims if they be of the plebian order . As Delanda cit Carthago was the war cry of the Ancients , so down with the working men ' s combinations appears the favourite war whoop of our modern crusaders . Before tho trial the best energies of the "Times " were directed to secure our conviction , and since , to bespeak for us a vindictive punishment . We have heard of "breaking a fly" on the wheel , as
an illustration qf cruelly misapplied power The " Times" sometimes delights to recreate in a similarly amiable manner . The " Daily News , " with less power , but equal malignity , vies with its potent contemporary in its denunciations of tho London delegates , " and in well feigned commisoration for their unfortunate dupes . If tho " Times " delights in its well-earned soubriquet of tho literary bully , the " Daily News" seems ambitious of securing to itself that of a literary assassin . The " Daily News , " innofc only opening its columns to the exparte and libellous statements of Air . E . Perry , but itself manufacturing the most absurd misrepresentations , with the manifest intention of holding us up to public odium , and then refusing us an opportunity of rebutting their slanders through the same channel , fully justifies us in using this , or even a stronger figure . We commented , in a recent article , upon a leader which appeared in the " Daily News , " which professed to nave been written in
consequence of certain information , and a certain letter , signed W . Peel , which they had received . We care not a rush for the " Daily News " or its opinions upon any public question betwoen labour and capital . We should aa soon expect to find honey in a gall-bag as fair play in the columns of this organ of the Manchester School . 'We know its antecedents , its present principles , and its future aspirings ; and we know it to be the toady and slave of a party who is and ever has been the deadliest foe to the rights of industry . But when we are personally assailed—when a lie is manufactured for , the purpose of hanging thereon an article in which tho' National Association is foully misrepresented—we contend wo have a right to a reply through the same channel which gives currency to the slander . But Audi altcram partim is not a maxim of the Free Trade School . The editor of the " Northern Star " has , however , promised us that justice which the "Daily News" denies .
Tho Perry clique aro still not satisfied with their powerful and unscrupulous literary auxiliaries . Beneath the lowest depths of infamy there is a lower depth still ; and the faction seem resolved to dive down to its lowermost recesses . Our attention has been called to a vile slander , orig inally manufactured by the nephew of . Mr . E . Pevry , the vedoubtable George Wynn , tho ex-editor ; and although the solicitor for the prosecutors himself repudiated the statement in publie company at Stafford , at almost tho moment of its birth , still the malignity of the faction is so intense that they rush blindly on , regardless of the certain exposure which must ultimately envelope thorn in irremediable disgrace .
We have received the following letter from Messrs . Shell and Burn , who are now engaged in tbe North a 3 missionaries for tho London Dofence Committee . We have also seen a letter to the same effect from Mr , Dickeneon , with this additional fact—that the said George Wynn boasted that ho had _ been the means and mover of tho whole prosecution . This , we believe , to bo true . We believo him to bo Mr . Perry ' s incarnation of misohief : — " Railway Inn , Deansgate , Manchester , . "Sept . 21 , 1851 .
, _ _ . . " Dear Sir , —A circumstance of some importance having come under our notice , relative to the proceedings Of Mr . George Wynn , in Staffordshire , we deem it advisable , for the purposes of arming ourselves with dates and facts , to submit a few questions to you , lest at any time this gentleman may unexpectedly make his appearance at any of our public meetings we ave about to hold in Lancashire , and there succeed in causing a division of opinion ; which he may attempt , if we aro not fully prepared with answers prompt and conclusive .
" Mr . Dickinson has informed usMivWynn , at a place in Staffordshire last week , where he had intended to hold a public meeting , presented himself at the bar of a public house , and inquired if there was a public meeting to be held in that place , in reference to tho late trials at Stafford , on a charge of conspiracy of the Tin-plate Workers of Wolverhampton ; and being informed that owing to circumstances which has arisen tho meeting would not take place , he went into the parlour and commenced treating those that wore present with as much ale as they were pleased to drink ; and commenced a tirade against the delegates of the National Trades' Association . He would show them , he said , how to interfere with Municipal Elections again . What think you , said he , of the honesty of these disinterested advocates of the rightB of labour ; to show yon they care nothing for the working men , I will relate a ciroumstance that occurred at Stafford . You know , said he , afc the
end of the first day ' s trial an offer was made by us , tbat if Rowlands , Peel , Green , and Winters , would plead Guilty to the minor counts of the indictment , we would not call them up for judgment , and that further proceedings should be stayed ; but they refused this ;—but in the course of the second trial , when they found that the case was going against them , these delegates sent a note to Mr . Parry to say that , if the prosecutors would consent to abandon the case , so far as affected them individually , they would abandon the six poor Tin-plate Workers , and leave them to their mercy ; in proof of this , said lie , you know Mi : Fleming , tho Editor of the 1 Star , ' and who is also Treasurer to the National Tiades Association : I told him of this fact ; he did not seem disposed to credit it until I took him to Mr . Parry . Mr . Parry had handed over this note to Mr . Huddlestone , and Mr . Parry , on obtaining tho note a , second time , broke it up and threw it under the table . "
" Now , sir , wo of course do not believe a word of this , for it carries a lie on tho faco of it ; but as Mr . Wynn is abroad , and it may bo possible that wo may com © in contact , we wish you would be kind enough to forward us , by return of post , the dates when Totterdale was apprehended at Liverpool—Haynes convicted and sent to prison , for absenting himself from his work at Wolycrhampton—and such other information ( the dates accompanying it ) , as it may appear to you this fellow is likely to uso against us . We think thU information of the greatest importance ; for if this man dares to attempt to make his appearance at any public meeting we attend , we hope—by facts and dates alone—to be enabled to give this gentleman such a reception in public , that for the future he will
think twice before he once dares to appear as tho opponent of labour , in a public assemblage of honest working men . Wishing you every blessing , " We subscribe ourselves Yours truly , " George Shell , 11 Mr . Peel . " W . II . Burn . " Upon receipt of this letter we immediately waited upon Mr . Parry and Mr . Maonamara , our counsel in tho case , who , each of them , expressed the highest indignation at the atrocious calumny , and we are fully authorised , by both those gentlemen , to give the whole . Btatemont tho most emphatic refutation . In a note we have subsequently received
from Mr . Parry , but which we do not at present feel justified in publishing in estenso , that gentleman thus speaks : — "The whole of this is an atrocious fabrication , and neither from tho delegates , nor from any other quarter , to my knowledge , did any such proposition emanate . On the contrary , my instructions were peremptory , to defend my clients upon the ground that they bad drao nothing illegal ; and that in whatever they did , they were asserting a principle , rf ' v Jth - f m ° ° , tal [ mm *™ " to the great body of their fellow workmen , in all trades . Unnn these instructions I acted throughout , and I should have considered myself personally and JrofcS Bionall y disgraced , if I bad either i £ « a
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party to any such suicidal proposition . " What can be said of tho cause of the party—tho men , who find it neoessary to employ such means and such agents as these to accomplish their dewf « " ij l With a S door ° P en t 0 recoivo U 8 » we would not change places with our prosecutors . Wo ^ ay i P utll 8 hecl » but we shall not be disgraced , vve can almost pity those unhappy beings , whoso EiBilvpIt ri l 80 deformcd «» toreconcilo SUe . UBOlves to such base expedients . . - Wm . Peel , Secretary . ^ - ' '
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GREAT REFORM MEETING AT MANCHESTER . A meeting was held at the Free Trade Hall , Manchester , on Wednesday evening , which was admirably calculated to give an impetus to what , after ihe indications given by ministers , may he considered a new Reform Bill for the coming session of parliament . Some of these seats were taken up at a very early period of the evening , and though the proceedings were not advertised to commence until halfpast seven o ' clock , such was the anxiety to obtain a
place in the hall , that by seven , platform , galleries , reserved seats , and standing room began to get crowded . Soon afterwards the rush into ih- body of the hall was so great , that the barrier intended to keep back tbe masses from the reserved seats broke down before tbe pressure , and from that time there was little or no distinction as to persons or places . The multitude rusbed Into every opening and' approach to the platform , and the entire building became densely crowded in every part long before the proceedings commenced . The doors had to be closed , and great numbers of people were excluded , who continued to thunder at the doors for admission afterwards for a considerable time .
Sir Joshua Walmsley having delivered a lengthy speech on the future prospects and duties of the association of which he is the chairman , Mr . J . C . Dyer moved the first resolution : — ' That the First Minister of the Crown having intimated his intention to introduce a measure of parliamentary reform during tbe next session , the people should Iobs no time in giving effective expression to their wishes ; this meeting doth therefore deelare that any measure which does not re-arrange the electoral districts , extend the franchise to erery oc < cupier of a tenement , protect the voter by the ballot , Bborten the duration of parliament , and abolish the property qualification required of members , will fail to satisfy the just expectations of the people , svill be ineffectual in preventing tbe corruption , intimidation , and oppression , now prevailing at elections , and in securing the full and free representation of the people in the Commons House of Par * liament . '
The resolution , having becu seconded , was supported by W . J . Fox , Esq ., M . P ., who , in an excellent speech , contrasted the Home of Commons with that meeting , and said : —There , a member , with a sneer , asks the Secretary of State if he is aware that such a person as Mazztni is in England ? Here , your question is , when shall we have not only Mazzini but Kossuth among us ? ( Loud cheers . ) They Bpeak respectfully of his Catholic Majesty , the King of the Two Sicilies—( hisses)—and the Emperor of all the Iiussias —( hisses)—whilst some here would agree with me that it would be no unpleasant sight to aee a gibbet with two arms , with the Czar dangling at one end and the Catholic King of the Two Sicilies at the other . ( Loud cheers . ) If Lord John Riusell means to introduce a new Reform Bill
that will satisfy the people , it will not need patching and tinkering for the next dozen years . He is but little in the habit of doing this . We call tho Houso of Commons a house of representatives . Representatives of what , I should like to know ? Suppose an intelligent foreigner were brought into the House of Commons , and looking around him there , remarking one man and another , he were to say : " Well , who is that ? " What wealthy and distinguished Commoner is that ?" " Oh , sir , " the reply would be , " that is a marquis ; we havo six marquises in this house . " Well he would think this rather odd . ( Laughter ) . Look- « ing at another man , "Who is that ? " he would ask . «« Whv . that is a viscount : we have eieht
viscounts in this houso . " " Who is another ?" " "Why lie is an earl ; we have several earls here . " " Who is another ? " " Why , he is a lord ; thero are six and thirty lords in this house . " ( Cheers and laughter . ) At tbe back of these wo have sixtyono baronets and twelvo honourablos—making 271 persons connected with the peerage and aristocracy . " And this , " ho would saj in amazement , "is what you call a llouso of Commons . What , then , is tho House of Lords ? This is only a sort of junior oi > journeyman House of Lords . What brings them here in such multitudes , that thore soems not the
least propriety in the designation which you bestow upon them ? " A or is there , nis suspicions would be very right . He would leel like the young angel in Franklin ' s fable , who asked an old angel to show him the earth and its curiosities . The angel brought him down just at tho time when a tremendous sea fight was purpling the waters with human blood , and tho young angel said to his guide , " Why , my friend , you have mado a mistake : I asked you to show me Earth and you have shown me Bell ! " ( Cheers ^) So might a foreigner say , on coming to see our Commons , and finding that the chief thing you show him are our Lords . The resolution was carried .
An address from the Parliamentary Reform Association was then read and adopted , after which tho meeting was address by J . Williams , Esq ., M . P ., and G . Thompson , Esq ., M . P . Mr . Adkl Ueywood moved the second resolution — " That the cordial union and energetic action of all reformers are now imperatively requisite . That the principles advocated by the National Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association mcrifc the support of tho great body of the people of this kingdom ; and this meeting , consisting of reformers
of every shade , pledge themselves to sustain the well-directed efforts of that association ; that tllO conveners of this meeting aro hereby constituted a committee ( with power to add to their numbers ) for the purpose of organising a branch of tbo National Parliamentary Reform Association , to co-Operate with the council in London ; and that tho committee be requested to tako immediate steps for that purpose . " Mr . J . Sciioiefield , town councillor , seconded the motion .
Mr . Mantle said ho had listened to the proceedings with great pleasure . He had not expected to find so much good stuff in the speakers ; but he wished to know why they had left out of the movement tho provision for paying members ? Sir J . 'Walmslex said tho question had not escaped their attention . Ho very much admired the voluntary system , and could only say , for himsolf and friends , that they should be heartily glad to see the people pay their members , and tho sooner they began the better . ( Laughter . ) The resolution was carried , and after a-vote of thanks to the chairman , which was carried with . great encoring , the mooting separated .
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PARLIAMENTARY REFORM . On Monday afternoon a public meeting of the electors and-jnon-eJecfcors of the Tower Hamlets waa held in Bishop Bonner's Fields , near Yictoria-park ; to hear Air . G . Thompson , M . P . for the borough , express his sentiments on the question of Parliamentary Reform . A platform was erected on a couple of vans , and Mr . Savage having been called to the chair , Mr . Thompson came forward to addresa tho mooting , and was loudly cheered . In tho oourse of his addvoss he asserted the right of all men , uatainted by cvinio , of sane mind , anil not dependent upon the government purse , to voto in tho election of members of parliament . Although ha had supported tho Reform measure brought forward by Mr . Hume , ho had protested against it as nofc rendorinsr full iustfco to tho rights of tha
people . He was himself in favour of the People ' s Charter , but would not rofuso a great measure of reform likely to bo soon obtained because -. he could not securo a more extousive reform , tho laccom * . plishment ot which seemed far distant . Lord John Russell had , in so many words , given up the property qualification ; the Chancellor of tho Exchequer had no objection to household voting ; while tbe whoie cabinet had sat silent on the question Of . the ballot , with the exception of the Solicitor-General , who voted for it , so that there wero thvee points at least indicative of the new bill . The real question , however , was , not what Lord John Russell would give , but what the people would have A resolution waa adopted pledging tho meeting to use their best exertions to secure Mr , Thompson ' s re-election , and the proceedings terminated
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FACTS AND INCIDENTS OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION . On ft Saturday last the roceipts amounted to £ 1 , 004 13 s ., the number of visitors being 17 , 300 . ihe shortening days abridge gradually tho time during which tho building remains open , and now , instead of closing at six o ' clock , spectators are rung out at ten minutes before sunset , . The receipts on Monday amounted to £ 3 , Sb < i Oa , } the number of visitors being 5 Q , 3 ii . On Tuesday 60 383 persons visited tho building , and £ 2 . 859 7 s . was taken at the doors . The rflppinfq at the doors on Wednesday amounted ' to ^ sS lk-the number of visitors be TK 3 pts on Thursday amoutd o ^^ Us ., the number of visitors being 57 , 161 .
Fjttwc Iilmingsj.
fJttWc iilmingsj .
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REPUBLICAN DESPOTISM . * Set a beggar on horseback , and his destination is easily , thongh not often charitably predicted / The unlimited Government of [ France , by a system of espionage—the promotion of Caruek , the Fouche of the day , and of Colonel Cottsto ^ , who so lately presided over the court-martial at Lyons—the expulsion of innocent and harmless foreigners , and the prosecutions of the press , at a time when the political mind is sought to be divided and excited by the factions for the Presidency ,
to which must be added the unruffled state of public opinion , needs no prophet to predict , is the small cloud in the political horizon , portending a revolutionary storm , which -will not only sweep Louis Napoleon from power , but scatter to the -winds the pretensions of the aspiring Orleanist and Legitimist factions . Lord Pa £ MErstox , when he met Ma constituents at Tiverton , on Wednesday , said' It was not a good trade to undertake to be a political prophet ;* but still he said , * although there are many persons in this country and abroad , who look forward to the year 1852
with apprehension and alarm , yet I may say that I am strongly inclined to hope that tbat year may pass over without any of those calamities which some gloomy minds anticipate it will hring . ' His Lordship , however , omitted to state on what he grounded his hopes ; and although from his official situation we might have expected to have had a short glance at Foreign Affairs , through the Ministerial eyeglass , we were doomed to disappointment , the Secretary for Foreign being apparently more conversant with Home Affairs , by his laudation of the Exhibition scheme , and the
Free Trade measure . Little hope , however , can be entertained by the careful politician , whose aspirations aye for the well-Deing of the toiling millions in all lands , when he looks at the atrocities perpetrated in Naples , and Lombardy , the doings at Frankfort , and Hamburgh , and the subversion of tho Constitution in Austria . But our foreign Secretary Tiopes . The war against the democratic press in France has been carried to its utmost limitsit is gagged , or freeonly to the foes offreedom . 1
The 'Eeforme , ' the 'Peuple , ' theSiecle , ' the 'Eepublique , ' the , ' Charivari , ' the ' OpinionPnblique / and the 'Evenement'have been prosecuted , and their Editors subjected to fines and imprisonment ; among the victims are two sons of Victor Hugo . Four of the Editors of this latter journal , an organ of moderate republicanism , are now in prison . Subsequently the * Avenement' ( du ' Peuple' ) its successor , has been seized , for publishing a letter from the illustrious poet , announcingthat lie should advocate ia its columns the sentimentB for which his two sons have been incarcerated .
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MONIES RECEIVED Fob the Week Ending Thubsdat , September 25 iit , 1 S 51 . NATIONAL CHARTER FUND . Received toy Jons Ausott . —Marjlebone locality , per J . Godwin 4 s—Hastings , per E . Mose 10 s—Biddy Maloney Is — Yarmouth , per T . Fisher , 7 s 4 d—Islington locality , per G . Haggis 3 s 3 d . —Total £ 15 s 7 d . FOB THE HUNGARIAN AND POLISH REFUGEES . Heceived by \ V . RlKfi . —J- Johnson , Little Chilton Is .
TRACT FUND . Received by Johs Aesott . —Mr . G . W . M . Reynolds £ lls .
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h 8 d S spfEMBER 27 , 1851 . THE NORTHERN STAR , ^^ ^ M ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ — : " ' ^¦^»— ¦ ™ 11 ... i - — — — — . ¦ - ¦« ^ ^ 1 ^ MM—^ M > l ^ Mi ^^^^ , ^^_ ^ V « r ui * " = ; ¦
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 27, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1645/page/5/
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