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THE NORTHERN STAR, SA'l'UHWAV, ISOVlSBlBEKSa, IS51.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Vo ' . Tailor * and Others * Bj ipwotofion of her Majostj Queen Tietorin , ana H . IUI . Prince Albert . NOW BBADT . rriHE LONDON and * PATHS AUTUMN X anJ WINTER FASHIONS for 1 S 51 and 1 SD 2 , pub listed bv Messrs . Head & Co ., 32 , Hart-street , Bloomsburjsquare , London , and Ktt . « adwav . New York , America ; also Tjy Geokge Bekgeb . llolsweU-swcet , Strand , London . The Tiew , represented in the f * ist for ihc present Season , has teen tnton in K ^ nfiiiston-gardens . mttie si ght of tUe grand Crystal Palace , v-liich is considered ( with its contents ) the greatest wonder ia the world , showing it from a point of ri-Ait quite difitrent . jiora that exhibited last 9 ea-
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Brotiier Chartists leware of youtiiful Ten Shillvw Quacks who imitate this Advertisement . P-tHWS MX THE J 5 ACK , GKAVES ,, LO 1-JRIGO , BlifiiinaiwiM * Gout , Judigcslioii , BcbiliJy , Stricture , Gleet , « 'le . C . A VTBOiV , —Ayoutbfnlself-styled ten slulUng doctor ( unblushing impudence being his only qualification ) is now advertising under the assumed name of an eminent physician , highly injurious imitations of these medicines , and an useless abbreviated copy of Dr . i ) e Roos' celebrated Hedical Adviser , ( slightly changing its title ); sufierera Trill therefore do well to see that the stamp bearing the proprietor ' ^ name , affixed to each box or Wtle Is a bona itdeGOVEBSHEKT stamp ( not a base counterfeit ) , | and to guard a ^ ah-st the trutLless statemerls of this individual , which arepnblished only for the basest purposes of deception on invalids , and fraud on the Proprietor .
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In Nos . at One Penny each , tpUndidly Illustrated , , k BISTORT 0 ? THE D 1 PPEUEST EXPEDITIOUS ENGAGED IN THE SEAlLGfl FOR SIE J . FBANK 1 IN COSTAISINQ ALL TH » nrnlniie REGENT VOVAGES TO _ THE POUR REGIONS . Including in particular t ^^ S 6 nt ° " ^ OP SIB JAMES SsTS" DAVIS' STRAITS Of Commander Moore and Captaia Kellott , to Behring ' s Straits , With an authentic copy of the dispatches received from SIB GEORGE SIMPSON , OF THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY With other important and highly interesting information relative to the Expedition under SIR JOHN FRANKLIN . Compiled from various Official Documents , and Private Communications , Bt thb Late ROBERT HUISII , Esq .
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Just Fublwhed , IN NOS . AT ONE PENNY EACH , THE EMIGRANT'S GUliFfo THE GOLOEH LAND . HALIF ORNIA , U ITS PAST HISTORY ; ITS PRESENT POSITION ; ITS FUTURE PROSPECTS : ¦ WITH A MINUTE AND AUTHENTIC ACCOUNT OF THE . DISCOVERY OF THE GOLD REGION , AND THE SUBSEQUENT IMPORTANT PROCEEDINGS . In the course of the work will be given PLAIN DIRECTIONS TO EMIfiSANTS TO CALIFORNIA OR THE UNITED STATES , OB TO CANADA ; AUSTRALIA ; NEW ZEALAND , OE AMI OTHEB BRITISH SETTLEMENT . SHEWING TUEM WHEN TO GO . WHERE TO GO . HOW TO GO-
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XIIK KOAD TO HEALTH ! IT OLLO WAY'S PILLS . CUBE OF A DISORDERED LIVER AND BAD DIGESTION . Copy of a Letter from 3 fr . R , W . Kirius , Chemist , 7 , Prescot Street , Liverpool , dated Gth June , 1851 . To Professor Hollowat , Sm , —Your Tills and Ointment have stood the highest on our sale list of Proprietary Medicines for some years A customer , to whom 1 can refer for any inquiries , desires mo to let you know the particulars of her case . She hud
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——— —* Important socialist publications ! b . obert owem ^ journal ! THIS JOU ilNAL ( Published weekly , price One ¦ Pjmnt ., and in monthl piirts , price Pocbpence ) , Explains the means by which the imputation . ol the world may be placed within new and vsry superior circumsxances , nnd provided > vith constant beneficial employment , and thereby enabled to enjoy comfort and abundance , and great social advantages ; and the direct means bj which this change may be etlucted with benefit to all classes .
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GRATIS ! GRATIS ! GRATIS ! A BOOK . FOR THE TIMES—Eor the Public Good and the Suppression of Quackery . —Just Published , Seventh Edition , eighty-two pages , seut for four stamps . EVERY MAN 1118 OWN DOCTOR ! A popular Guide to Health . Written in plain English , free from all technicali ties . By & Physican . S > e » t post free , on receipt of four postage stamps to prepay it , by Sir . Boutu , 14 , Hand-court , Holborn , London . 'I'lie following are selected from hundreds of testimonials that arc daily heiug received by tho publisher ef this philanthropic work : — « All invaluable book for every sufferer . ' —Daily News . 'Your work haB saved me manv pounds in doctors ' bills . '—H . M . Toor . 'Accept my thanks for your benevolent present . I would have given £ 50 for such a book twelve montha llgo . ' —3 . It ., Newcastle . ' The most popular explanation of the symptoms and treatment of diseases we have met with . '—Critic . This workhaa been long wanting . —JLeader , ¦
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DR . Cin . VEItWEL 2 . , ON THE PLEASURES OF HEALTH . A series of popular works , Is ., each , by post Is . Gel . each . ENJOYMENT OF LIFE . 'Health , recreation , and rational use of time . ' Contehw . —Early rising ; Spring and Summer mornings , Excursions about the Environs of London—the Parks , Lanes , Hills , Forests , Fields , High-roads , and oth ? r pleasant places , Country Trips und li : nibles ; the Sea ; Lon . lon at Night -, Evenings at Home ; Music ; the Drama ; on Eating , Drinking , Sleeping , Bathing , Air , Rest , Base , Occupation , ic . n . and m .
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THE PATRIOT KOSSuTH .
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Double Number at the Single Price . Published on the 1 st of Kovember , No . 2 of THE LITERARY RAMBLER , Price Twopence , containing an article on 'theWolverhampton Tin-Plate Workman ' s Conspiracy for the Protection of Labour '—A . Play—A Novel— and oiher instructive and amusing matter . London : Victors , Holy well street ; Manchester ; Hey . wood , Oldhum-street . No . 1 , published 1 st October , is " given away to Hie purchasers of No . 2 .
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NOTICE ! TO READERS , SUBSCRIBERS , AND FRIENDS . We have lately issued a circular to all our agents , intimating that , on and after Saturday , the 30 th ult ., the publishing arrangements of the Star' would be placed on the same footing aa those of all other metropolitan weekly journals . From that date no papers would be supplied except for cash . In carrying out this arrangement , it is quite possible that some of our readers may be disappointed in receiving their papers for the
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Mr . J . Woodhead , Birstal . —Stamps irould have done . ' You should only have puid 3 d for the order . We have not got any of the numbers ou hand you desh'a us to forward . J . B . Fosd , Cork . — Ifr . Goodehap , of Clicapside , is the official Manager under the Winding-u ]) Act , with whom our correspondent had better communicate . Messrs . Brown and I ' oiibes , Landerneau , France . — Received . Mr . G . ] 3 row . v , of Walcefield , informs us that having read Mr . Ernest Jones ' s letter on ' Chartist Organisation' to several friends , it received their unanimous approval , ' and expresses au opinion that if the suggestions thrown out are adopted , it will materially advance the cause of Chartism . T . IlEvrrc , Snejd Green . — "We have unfortunately mislaid your letter , and the rules of the Association which ao company it , and after a strict search cannot recover them , Will you oblige us by sending another cony ?
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THE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION . Kosstjth has done for international policy what tho Great Exhibition did for international industry . He has called upon nations to study their actual relations to each other , and to endeavour to comprehend what must be then tvuo position in the event of a renewed struggle for freedom , either by Hungary , or any other ^ continental country , The practical issue which he put to this country was iu effect ; - — ' When Hungary and Austria again refer their quarrel to the arbitration of the God of Battles * will you stanvi by a » a see that no third party interferes between us . but
that the combatants directly interested shall themselves be allowed to fight it fairly out ?" It is objected by those who are opposed to an affirmative answer to this question , that the practical effect of our assuming such a position , would be to produce a war between this country and Russia , and that such intervention on our part is neither politic nor defensible ; not politic , because it would plunge the nation into a war of which no oue can foresee the eud , or calculate the expense ; not defensible , because it would bo au infraction of sound International Law .
It is very desirable that we should have correct ideas on this subject * which is certain , in a short time , to ask for a practical solution , and to call for a definite decision . The aspect of affairs upon the Continent , renders the renewal of hostilities at no distant date , a thing as certain as if it had already occurred . In the majority of cases , the question has been already answered according to the political prepossessions and sympathies of the parties who have been active in its discussion , but on a subject of such magnitude , it is clear that mere individual likings or mis-likines
ought not , and cannot be conclusive . We ought to be able to refer the whole of this class of questions to a test , the validity of which should be admitted by natiens in general . It is unfortunate that our great ethical writers have devoted little attention to the question , and that as far as they are concerned , it has been left entirely to empirics , instead of being scientifically examined and defined . In the writings of Adam Smith , Dn . Beown Dugald Stfavakt , Paley and others , the subject of International ethics is scarcely referred to , and as f ar as the morality of the question is concerned , we are left to depend
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rattier upon instinctive sympathies and ab-Rirant fundamental principles , than upon such elaborate ethical expositions as mi"ht have been . expected upon se important a matter . The legal writers upon International Law , make also but a comparatively brief reference to the question of Intervention ; but if their authority is to )* a Bulunitted to with the respect hitherto Accorded to it , we Khali endeavour to show , that it jh « li ; ciilctllv against tho much vaunted ax ' nmi of Non-intervention , and would warrant a much mon ; decided exliibition ' of British sympathy ami Jis « iat : « jce , than KoSsvm asks I ' m : -a————
. The Treatise ofCrMMUS , on "J . 'Jh ; JUgbU of WarajidTwce , ' was / im published In I'm , five years after tin- ; a |> ue . 'ifaiJc « of Jiwitl ' a Novujw QrxuuuM , mhl was undoubtedly the first in which any aU « : W / n w ;> n uHitUi to establish hilwnnliuiinl Lhw upon : i h < : ' » : niiil >; bask IH ijje ?/ , [} , Napier of Um < hA ii » , uit . in ftmm > . rU llitj ( juuxium ' WhaOn-. r w- liavia just cause o ! w « r with Httulhur i ' nmx ; in ord-er t <; relieve }; j a siAjccbj hum lh- ir ojtpreis-SJ . OW Wider him }'~ - ( Jn t : u ;> : thus write * ; ' If Uits bjjij e 0 ;; e he . vhihUi , a * if a Jiusirin , ; , ¦ f / Jjaj . am , < jr a 'J . 'h / iician Jiiumed exercise such lyfOMUts fjKf . r auhjti-i . i ,, n au < jood man living can apjri i / tif . of , the . r ' njld of human society uh'M wjIIjc ( ixduihij .. 'J . ' / iuh Corihtanticie made
war against Aiaxuntiuu and Licinius ; and other Koman emperors against the Persians , or threatened it at least , unless they left off persecuting Christians on account of their religion only . ' This ia certainly very cautiously expressed ; for Grotius lived in an age in which neither the theory nor the practice of liberty was at all understood . But , notwithstanding its
caution , in words , the principle laid down does , in fact , amply justify armed interference , not onl y to prevent third powers from aiding Princes to oppress their subjects , but even to interfere between the oppressor and the oppressed . If it was right for CosssiASilKE to make war against Maientius because the latter suppressed the religious liberties of his subjects , it ea » B 6 t bfe wrong to interfere for the protection of civil liberty .
1 ' UEPENDORFJ ? , another great authority , is even more explicit , DUGALD STEWART characterises him as ' the most noted , and , on the whole , the most eminent of those who have aspired to tread in the steps of GrROTIus . ' In tho Gth Chapter of tho 8 th Book of hia work , ou the ' The Law of Nature and Nations , ' under the title of the llight of War , ' POFFENDORFP says : — ' Whether it be lawful to take arms in defence of the subjects of a
foreign Commonwealth against the invasions and oppressions of their Sovereign , is a question for tho solution of which I refer you to the opinion of Gttcmus . The safest answer that can be given to it appears to me to be this : that ire cannot lawfully undertake to defend the subjects of any foreign Commonwealth in any other case than when they themselves may lawfully lake arm to suppress the insupportable tyranny and cruelty of their own governors . '
. It will be seen , therefore , that this eminent authority not onl y allows us to assist tho Hungarians against Bussia ,. but also against Austria itself , which is more than . the Governor of Hungary asks for . Yattel , the next authority wp cite , lived about the middle of the last century—nearly a century later than 1 ? vffesdqt \ FE—and ia highly commended by Dugald Stewaux and Sir James Mackintosh as one of the most esteemed writers ou the subject of International Law , Iu the first chapter of the Second Book , Vati'EL states , as the general
principle of National Morality , that , ' One State owes to another State whatever ifc owes to itself , ao far aa the other State stands in real- need of its assistance , and as far as tho latter can grant it without neglecting the duties it owes to itself ; ' and having added , this is the eternal and immutable law of nature , ' he . thus proceeds , ' Thus , when a neighbouring nation is unjustly attacked by a powerful enemy , threatening to overrun and oppress it , if you can defend it without expoBing yourselves to any great danger , unquestionably it is your duty . '
Tho saving clause in this sentence may seem to favour the gentlemen of the school , whose maxim is , ' Peace at any price ; ' but that such was not the meaning of the writer is clear from a subsequent passage : 'Do not object that a Sovereign is not to expose the lives of his soldiers for the safety of a foreign nation , with which he . has not contracted a defensive alliance . It may be his own case to stand in need of succour , and consequently to promote and exert the spirit of assistance is ading for the safety of his own nation . * But this is not all . In the 4 th chapter of the same Book he lays down in the strongest , plainest , and most unequivocal terras the principle upon which the right of Intervention
rests : 'If any Prince , attacking the fundamental laws , gives his subjects a legal right to resist him , if tyranny become insupportable , obliges the nation to rise in their defence , every foreign power has a right to succour an oppressed people who implore their assistance ; ' and farther on , aa if writing for thevery purpose of fore-arming Europe against the ambition of Russia , this ' most esteemed writer ¦ ' expresses himself thus , in the same chapter ; 'IF there is anywhere a nation of a restless and mischievous disposition , always ready to injure others , to traverse their designs , and to raise domestic troubles , it is noi to be doubted that all have a right to join , in order to repress , chastise , and put it ever after out of its power to injure them . '
Perhaps we might here safely leave the question , and assume , upon the concurrent testimony of these three great authorities , that we have proved the right of Great Britain to interfere for the assistance of Hungary , not merely to prevent its suppression by a third power , but , if thought proper , between ifc and Austria . As , however , some may doubt whether these views are still recognised by contemporary iutevaational jurists , we shall add one more quotation from the writings of Henky Wheaton , one of the ablest of living American jurists , and , lately , Minister of tho United States at the Court of Prussia . Ho is known to Europe as the author of not onl y one of the most powerful expositions of tho ' Priuciples of International Law' in our own
language , but also by his sketch of the « History and Progress of the Law of Nations iu Europo , from the Peace of Westphalia , to the Congress of Vienna . ' This distinguished writer lays down , as a cardinal principle , ' Whatever a nation may lawfully defend for itself , it may defend for another people , ii " called upon to interpose . ' If , therefore , it is lawful for Hungary to throw off the yoke of Austria , it is equally consistent , with International Law , for England to assist Hungary not only against Russia , but also against Austria itself .
The . expediency of our doing that raises another series of questions , and involves othe * considerations which we have not space to allude to at present . We have , however , we hope , clearly show n that the authorities are very decidedly in favour of the right of International Intervention , in opposition to the grasping and ambitious policy of despots , whose objects are the subversion of national liberties , and the substitution of absolutism upon a military basis . That is one great step gained ia the discussion of this question . The so-called Conservative party are shown to be ; as much opposed to the recognised law of nations aa the absolutist powers they support are to the general interests of humanity , and the inherent rights of mankind .
They are the true revolutiouary and destructive party , and in their lust for dominion , their love of tyranny and oppression , they trample not onl y 0 Q the holiest instincts of
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CHARTISTS AND CHARTIST POLICY We have no notion of allowing Lord J llL'SSELLail lnsojra way with the proposed r > "" liamontary Reform Bill of next sessiou " w , v . e know that if Joft to himself it \ rill * bo stru tted on tho homeopathic princi ple Of 5 , ° 5 " uitofiinal cIohm . Ou the other hand ! History of the man , and the party he belong i abundantl y testif y to tho fact , that , hoi un v / jJJingly , they do bow to the behests , public opinion whenever these behests are d ci'ladly ami unequivocall y expressed C "
\\ a have Lggii looking aivwd , therofo » bivmino . manifestation of ^ tiic popular w ^ ' thia subject that had something Jike earnest neiHi ami reality aboutit . Naturally , welooU ] t" th-. Chartist Party iu tho first place . "Wit h li'jv .- littlu fcucouragt-ment we need aofc say . Xo whatuvcr cause it may bo attributed , Char tiaiti , as a living organised national element does not exist . The Executive of tho IS -i ! cional
Charter Association exercises no po \ vCl . over fcho masses of the unenfranchised peoule Here and there a few of tho ' Old Guards' \ Z meet periodically , to testify their attachment to the good oid cause , and encourage each otto * iu continued fidelity to it ; but the utter want ot auy wide spread hearty sympath y wiu , the movement in its present shape , is shown bv the empty treasury , and tho financial diffiCni ties of the body placed at its head .
It does not appear , either , as if this apathy arose from any general want of confidence in tho . members of the present Executive . With the exception of tho objections made to Mr Thornton Hunt , on account of his conduct to Mi . O'Connor at Copenhagen Fields ami Highbury Barn—objections in which we thoroughly concur wo heard nothing fl ^ . him , mull Uo aud Mr . Hoiyoaxk spoke in approving terms of tho Manchester meetin " and the Walmsley programme . But that -m proval was not the eaHsa of t \ ie listies 5 neS 9 ^ inactivity of the Chartists . We should rather it It
say was a consequence . y ,- ., ,,,. ; . „ „ . rJf « rM «« . Hull and EolxXV ± ' traafc the zeal and vigour of the movement for the ' Little Charter , ' ; with the absence of all popular sympathy , or earnest action for the attainment of the more comprehensive i ] 1 Da sure of Representative Reform , mid to feel mortified—humbled by the contrast . It WM equally natural for them , aa honest ref " mers , to give preference to a body of men who ,, though not going the full length thCy could wish , were yet likely to effoct wLat ftcv aimed at , rather than n nominal and apathetic party , who showed no indication of possessing either the power or the desire to achieve any thing . But the moment that Chartists * £
wish to get out of the ' slough of despond ' in which the party is immersed , give utterance to such convictions sb these , the apathy and silence which previously characterised the Chartists is succeeded by tho greatest excitement and a series of attacks upon those who are accused of inconsistency aud dosertion , It would appear as if tho persons who maila aud joined in these attacks , were not o » ly determined to do Bothing themselves , but also to prevent , as far as they have the power , every body else . The only thing that can move them to activity is the chance of assailing their own friends and co-labourera . Political
abusescorrupt Parliaments—grievous national burdens , and influences which sap the moral and industrial strength of the nation—may exert their deteriorating aud destructive influences unheeded by them . Their energies are re * served for internal bickerings aud intestine feuds * It is this kind of conduct which has driven every politician of repute , experience , and iu * fiuence from the organised ranks of Chartism , and made Chartism itself powerless , aud a bj-en-ora to all other parties in tho State , at
thevery time when the essential principle of Chartism is more powerful in society at large than ever it . was . Persisteces in such a dog-fa the-manger policy , by those who assume fobs Chartists par excellence , cau only tend to discredit tho niuno still more , and , to some extent , to retard the accomplishment of reforms , which otherwise are immediately attainable , and which , when attained , would become the certain precursors and means of achieving still greater political power for the people at large .
The views we expressed on thia subject in a recent article under the head of the * ' Itou * Reform Bill , ' havo been disapproved of by some of our readers , partly , as it seems to us , from misapprehension . We have never recommended compromise with or concession to tho middle class Reformers on the part of tho Chartists . On the contrary , we have , at all times , advised that there should be a vigorous Chartist movement , contemporaneous with that for the Little Charter , for the double purpose of keeping its advocates up to their
own standard , and of compelling the Govern * ment to make larger concessions than it would be likely to do if no Buch extreme and deter * mined party was in existence , But while vq advocated this course , we have , at the samo time , consistently advised the Chartists not to stand in the way of any parallel movoment simply because it did not go so far as their own . To the extent it does go , it must be in their favour : when it stops they will still lie able to go on , and to proceed with greater certainty of ultimately reaching the eud ot
their journey . Political consistency as well as political expediency , therefovo , concw ia pointing to tho practical conclusion that Chartists ought to throw no hindrances iu the path of other bodies of Parliamentary B ^ formers . If they cannot aid , they are at least bound not to obstruct them , 'ibis is the viow which we have on all occasions expressed iu the ' Northevn Star . ' It was tho avowed policy of Mr . O'Connor when he attended the meetings of the Parliamentary lxcforni Association , and spoke from their platforms .
It was recommended again and again in » 15 weekly letters in this journal ; and the accps - aiou of the Leader' to the same policy whicU opposed it when first enunciated iu the 'Star , ' is onl y a proof that honest and sin * cere liefoimors , who are open to cwivictiou and ready to profit by experience , i " « st coiu ^ to similar conclusions ' as to the practical coursa to ba adopted b y those vho wish to achiort practical reforms in this country . But , because this is the case , let no one accuse us of deserting the cause of the Teow Charter . For fourteen years tins Journal to * advocated the enactment of that measure , a » \ wfavrf l 4 lVaftl \ f t
»* *¦• w ' ^* - « *>¦*•*> **» V >^ UV * ^ a ** . * v ~ m - the only just and permanent settlement (» political claims of the People . It has » So through good and evil report wltJ ° ' swerving ; whether it was backed by mo .. j meetings , or left alone in the midst of P ? " ' cal stag-nation , the ' Star' has unHa vemV ) held aloft the standard of the Charter . & entering this week upon the fifteenth yw of its existence , we desire distinctly to * v thnt the Star' will continue to nnaiuta 1 " : ^ political consistency which has ( listing 1115 it for so manyjyears . It wiJl continuest " the veritable organ of the democracy ° \ Jt j , e Rrifain . nnfl omit . > mnrmm < tiinit . v of testll ' n ..
words and the deeds of other parties W ^ ordeal of sound first principles ^; but it * " ^ the same time recognise the good f&'P ' . „ sincerity of all , who , according to their convictions , seek to increase the p ower ot people in the House , which oug ht to m sent them but does not . ... A Meantime , to the Chartists we areP " to say , instead of finding fault with ©«" [ be true to your own principles . Sb « g you can organise , aud direct & *
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o » 2 To © orreejw norms .
The Northern Star, Sa'l'Uhwav, Isovlsblbeksa, Is51.
THE NORTHERN STAR , SA'l'UHWAV , ISOVlSBlBEKSa , IS 51 .
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our nature , but tho matured ^ nT ^ uth ? tive enunciation of the laws which ta the relations of nations to each other i ? erQ eraoy is synonymous with Lay , fjrdor ' Pi ' ogreas . . . ' ^ H
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THE NORTHERN STAR , ____ November so 1851 4 ——— —* " * ——' «¦¦¦—»— I III mm mi — ¦ — — -J- ^ - ,.- . . l *
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 22, 1851, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1653/page/4/
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