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KOSSUTH . A PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON . ( From the Economist . ) ffistevcT may be tho merits of Kossutb ' s policy Kttha vIces of hls P nvate life » Ws influence oxer hi « rDuntrjmen is very great . The fact is attested by L whole career . Tie power of llicuzi , the ri « e of iamvell , the elevation of Bonaparte , is not move pW on )» aJ 7 than i ) n 3 n /; a e attorney becoming ts e governor of feudal aristocrati c , and imperial Jaacary . and , in . that character , deposing the House I Bapsbnip , and sustaining for some ifme an mie . casl contest vith Austria and E ussia . Defied ?» Je end bj jealousy and treachery , the tokrf t £ ^ p le remained true to him and his cause \ o ^ r person in the late convulsion ., nor even " fc
^ first irenci . involution , attained a like eievajiBB or possessed similar influence . The steps of BjasjiwM" throne were lai d for bimbv the de-. -rocfion of all previous authority , and he onlv ^ b ed up the giddy Mght by years of SiS gand numerous victories . To find any reS f , '} : iC 2 to lvossuth in the present dnr , we must go toi " European or Asiatic provinces of Turkev , ^ a fanatic Dervish , or a wn ,, iae Mollah . aom ' e-^ es fcmdles enthusiasm amongst the rude inhabijjjtj , and makes the Sultan tremhlo in Constanti-. ^ e for his sovereignty Though removed from gjBSMT , tbemflaencoof Koasuth over the minds his
. f ^ coantijmen depending on personal nU&-las . K not destroyed , if it be wwkraed , if it be ai even strengthened by his exile ; and , compared ytbat creatfact , bis policy ami his private clm-I 5 c £ er are trifling matters not worthy of much con-.- feration . ffhatte may have done , or what he ir . ar hire Rested , is like the deeJs and negligence of Saa ; it is the man himself who is theCrvel Hi ; orations have been compared to the Phiilipics ' & the , eloquence of Dem osthenes , directed to a i * fellow cikiaens , continued forsomo time , and bring for its burden a single subject , was feeble in i 5 consequences compared to the eloouenea of
Ssssuta . iiyws tongue and bi 3 pen he lias made ras elt tiie wonder of tho . i » . What we statci ^ weeK of his facility in adapting his language e his sentiment to his audiences is confirmed bv ^ proceedings since . On Moaiaj ( the 3 rd inst 1 ^ addressed a large body of the working classes j Copenhagen-fields , and to say he was a 3 familiar , ra their ideas , and appealed as skilfully to their jsjes , their fears , and their prejudices , as Sir Jisrgus O'Connor or the Jate Mr . Hunt , would he jjog him an injustice . He appealed much more £ fnliy ; he carried the crowd with him ; and his r *> ch will be admired when read by the most intent of the working classes , while the most fisby and most popular orations of these leaders tse read with ennui or disgust by those who apyoded the orator . Take , for example , his remarks a commencing I 113 address on Monday ;— " Gen-^ en , I most vranaly thank you for your generous
Aliments of active and operative sympathy with £ . freedom and independence of my native land grlosely connected , as you have riohtly judged-- ' c !< the freedom and independence of other na-. 333 on the European Continent . It is to me jiily gratifying to know that a large party of tUe jascnt ; meeting belongs io the working classes 5 is gratifying to me because , if to bess to the working classes implies a man rise livelihood depends on his own honest g-j industrious labour , tl en none amongst you : u moro mht to call himself a working man i , n I so to call myself . I inherited nothing from -jdearfather . andlhave lived my whole life bv y own honest and industrious labour . This , my SflitiGD , I consider to have been my first claim to 3 peopie s confidence , because , well they knew ¦ ji being in thatcondition I must intimately know 3 wants , the sufferings , and the necessities of thn
2 } . le . And so assuredl y it was . It is , therefore , that apractically devoted my life to procure and sets political and social freedom to mj people not 3 ince , nofctoaC } as 8 , bat to the whole people . ie-ides , I devoted all my Jife for many years bv ^ practical means of associations to extend the ssSt of public instruction to the working classes , dto forward thB material welfare of the agricul-3 ats , of the manufacturers , and of the trading 3 . Amongst all the enterprises to that effect , vM time of my life , when I was yet in no public ox , but a private man . there is none to which I look Hk with more satisfaction and pride than to the Nation for the encouragement of manufacturing ostry—to its free schools—to its exhibitions , to r-ja-ess , and to its affiliations . Besides conferring baense material benefits , it proved alsopolititih beneficial , by bringing in closer contact and
Laeinenoly relations the different classes of my amative land , by interesting the-working classes : jLo public political concerns of our nation and jso developing a strongly united public opinion to sport me in my chief aim—which was conserving ^ municipal and constitutional institutions of my caalry—io substitute for the privileges of Bin » le isaa the political emanci pation of the whole Style , and substituting freedom to class privileges -: o impart to the people the faculty of making the Csiitution a common benefit to ail for all-in a ' si , to transform tho closed lia . ll of class prm-^« into an open temple of the people ' s liberty . " ill that 13 precisely what the most intelligent of [ 3 working classes are saying every day of their = ? s . It is the same -with his well expressed 5 uou as to the homage to bo paid to the
multi"I said ai Southampton thai In these demon-¦ ations of the operative classes I recognise that ^ . ural instinct of the people , before which every | iridnal greatnes 3 must bow down with resjiect . ^ fame acknowledgment I have to make on this saion , only on a larger scale , and in a higher ^ cc /* I' ow flattering , too , ia what follows , and not the 3 flattering because many amongst ourselves ¦* i attention to foreign affairs noi rery desirable lie working classes . They , however , we know , teiain a different opinion : — "Allow me , firstly , to congratulate you on the " ation which you have hereby prortd that you T to public matters , to the glory as well as to 'interests of yonr country , and to the freedom J interests of humanity . May this public spirit ^ rdecrease , may every Englishman forever feel i ' iiis the basis of all constitutional organisation ,
-1 under a republican or a monarchical form , ' - ' it is the public opinion of the people which st give direction to the policy of the country , ' Jifiiit it Is therefore not only the right , but also ~< hiy of every honest citizen to contribute to f development and expression of that public -jipn , of which the legislative , a 3 "well a 3 the Monties are , and must bo , faithful represeiila-* . Allow me , secondly , to congratulate you on -just , and happy instinct with which , bestowing •* attention on public concerns , you lmTe seized itejy point Tfhich really is tho most important -ttgst all in which the mind arid the heart of : > &fcnien can be interested . That point is the * Jo : nof the European continent . " Jiving M > cleverly appealed to opinions supposed '•* fc ; oreelevaied : md disinterested than ordinary "•'• Vi-s , sse how skilfully he afterwards applied - 'ft-lf io what are described as moro -vulgar consl--atioiis : —
' V « u live hy honest labour . You liare your ma-^ otured products to dispose of , for which tou : i birge free markets and froe trade . Xow , it is ttiTloiis as that tv . -o an-. } two make four , that ' -iO'Jt Europe hecoming free , Eiiiflaud enn lave Jft >> trade -svhb Europe . I w : ! i show you » -t - \ that the amount of trade with abtoiiHH ¦ 5-M-s ut' A Austria , is 7 < J . - , ¦ «• head , whereas tlw ¦ i tiiit of tho traue of Eneiaud - ? r ; th a free country 3 :: tLe lltpubJic of iho L * : nted Stases o : ' -r ' , is Is . per Lead . ATkit : i ciflen-nce ? ? - . I ' . ibm riviK to v < jar tr ,- « e « ai <<\ iminsfT n
" < - ' - < iS 7 d . j : er head , frocic-m gives a ir .: irkei <¦ f'tr Lead . U r . oi -he freedem of Euroj ; i ! , then . i -Kt : on of viuil ialercst to jou ? Let us lovk ;'' i ;?< < JUl-l : C ( -S . SupjiOSP ! . ' : £ jisit-e 0 » the );!<>; i . i ; - ' c ' i oi ! u of you consumes bo three or four ; : ouno ?; = ' - * ihh price you li .-jvc , by the Jt-j eai if d : c ci-rii" -S probably not guincd iiiore tl . au frcai lifsf « -ji ' ¦ ' ¦ lilS to Jl p 6 tl ! : d . Ccrtiiiri ' v n grvat bi-l . ffil . - - Oppose tin' 120 iHiilic . JS \ rl . o iiil-. ahit Uussia . -: ir : a , Italy , aad licj : i ; : ; rv , io leionie fvei-, : n ;» 3 - ' 2 free , to ciiDMHSC « s liiucii of your nianiifac-¦ r > as tl > e fiiiied Starts { ti tutrh in pnn hiEiiK - "iif : iciarin « r tbeiBSrlves } coiisisin' ? ]; er hinci , i ! iat - " 1 « 1 tivc a market of at lvu * x sissy milHon .-
slcr-J ? : vj : noJand , wh ; c ! i would prove a bti . efii of two ' ^ iii eu pOU !; i !< a y ear per J : ea < t IO you . "' Aise are only i-jec-JiueKS . L' vc-ry address is full i ^ R i lar apj to ] . - fou :. < ied on : osie great p » : j : c : ; -3 p , - pn gtncuil at once yoyvter , tr oc , and . £ < o « i . . * « rt- v last-wci'i hfead U > t-f * M . ^ 'C ' J Statos has been pubiii ! e < , « ndap . -ij ^ cr i :: ors ' - "i&iiid to intertit ihe Ainnicai . s in i : i ? favour , ^ make them tvpport his cau ^ e , it is impossible - ^ rste . TVecan oulvsifoid room fi "« r m ; o spe-;*"' , but it np ]* als li-ozt iuiczUy io the vr . rMy of £ ¦ cousins . Af : uhiv .-j a succinct Li = s * = s-y oi t ! e ' ^^ ariannrngsle , dweiliii £ « n xl . Q laerlJWJS :. ho \ Ae- < ot iLc Iluu 2 &Tiax . s , il-Kasiuth ssii ! : —
. ^ tiee ciuzeiiS of America I froni your history , , , * t . m the « ar of hope in niiiinigLi "lot : !) . * e - r ™ our confidtnee and resolution m ih ' e ( Itnillful ' *} * « severe trial , Accept , in XiiO inline of im ^ 'nrynicn , this declaratior . as a Uibnte of gratit e - And you . estelk-nt icopit-, who were v . onl-v . ^ - ' chosen by the AlidgL-y as -n , inijtk , t ' --Tf lhe world how to daw-re Irttdt-i ,., Low to ,, ' ¦ it , ana Low to v ? e it—you will aiic ^ r that liie ^ garians tseugL weaker rad 3 tSs fortm . alctl . au : •> thrOD £ li lit- dtcaymg itfinctcis if the ok ! . ^ cpran society , are not vuworthy to be lour "• -utors , aid tint jou ttobI . j 1 e plea ' sc-d io « e the « U of your glorious flag t « . bfozOu lie UouUe ^ of tLe JiMpimi , oat- « r . ant 6 . AVbcn , k-s ' - « sni huriec cthi nee ;; t us , aid boj ; au the Moodv
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war , your inspiring example upheaved tho nation as one man , and legions , with all the means of war appeared to rise from nothing , as the tender grass Bno its ap after spring BhoweH . " W'hen he replied to the address of the Society of Friends of Italy , on Wednesd . 6 fa . ^ knowme that thoy ave cenerail y composed of persons who demand interference by arms in the cause of liberty , and identify Mazzini with that cause , he went further than usual in advocatiu " interference : — . e " When I hear men speak of the moral force of public opinion , I muRt frankly confess my belief that it iavery rarely that public opinion ' is previously restricted and clearly confined within certain limits—when men Bay that although such be our public opinion , we will not avail ourselves of those media of action which circumstances may render necessary—then I beliere that in that conwar , your inspiring examole ' unhe » hrf fhnnnf ; An
dition of tilings it J 3 very possible that public opinion will not be of any weight . Public opinion , fo Lave an effect on the freedom of the world must he r .-ady to say , ' Xow we will go to war if oar opinion be misled / Such pronunciation wo » M be a difficult thing to obtain in England , where there are numerous classes who would be terrified at the name of war ; still , if you merely declare tri * i vou sympathise with the causo of freedom , but will never in any case take up arms for it , Buch public opinion merely give 3 a charter to despotism . I will not say that there is not one or another party which does not concur with him and his aims—I will not say that the whole Italian nation is included in his individuality ; but this , I know , that a very large party—the only party that has a future in Italy—is returned j n Ms person ( M . Mazzini ) . "
tsuch opinions were admirably well adapted to that particular auditory , Ji is not merely , then , that M . Kossuth writes and speaks clearly a foreign language ; that has been done by many others . We have had within the year to Bpeak of Signo ? Maviotti ' a work en Italy , written in English with remarkable elegance and power . Subsequently we noticed the scientific work of Mr . Adorno , a Mexican gentleman , not long resident in England , written by him in Eng . Hsh that a satire n-ii ght envy . It is not an uncommon thing fur Germans , after a residence in England , or some acquaintance with our countrymen , to write English extremely well . Mr . Beckford wrote " "Vathec" in Trench with all the ease and
charm of a Parisian ; Goldoni , an Italian , after some years' residence in Pari 3 , wrote a comedy in French which acquired great celebrity , and long kept possession of the Frenoh stage " in company with the comedies of Moliere . To compose Latin and Greek ia common to school-boys and professors at Oxford . "Whatever there may be surprising in ! vny oy all these achievements ia equalled by the knowledge possessed by Kosauth , the Hungarian , of the English language , and his facility of using it . He never before was in England , he cannot havo seen and familiarly communicated with many Englishmen . He has workoil , as ho aays , for his own living . He has been busily and continually engaged for manv vears as a reporter ,
as an editor of a paper , a 3 a statesman , with the highest and most important affairs , and his mastery over our language is itself almost a miraclo . But when to this we add an eloquence that , in speaking to Englishmen , is aa influential as the orations of Brougham or the sermons of Chalmers ; which affects the hearts and rouses the passions of the multitude more , perhaps , than they ever did ; which stirs the bloo-I of Englishmen , and kindles their political enthusiasm like the speeches of Chatham ; Kossuth ' s power appears to us superior to anything of the kind before heard of in the lu& . lory of mankind . The man is a psychological phenomenon , such as has very rarely , if ever , before been known amonost men .
Other foreigners have of late years crowded into the country , some of them making as great or greater pretensions than Eossuth , but not one of them has ever very successfully addressed in English an English audience . At the dinner which followed the meeting on Monday M . Louis Blanc had to Sj : eak to hi ? health : he has now been three years amongst U 3 , associating with literary men , while he is devoted to literature ; he replied in French . Signor ilazzini has appeared more than once in public ; he is highly esteemed by many persons , but his orations are not remembered , llevr Kink-el has been here . II . Ledru Rollin is still
here : the former lectured on German literature , but neither of them , nor any foreigner except Kossuth , has spoken at any length in English , much less acquired a reputation as an English orator equal to that of our most renowned speakers . Ho stands alone ainongst crowds of political refugees in the wonderful mastery he has obtained over a foreign language , and in the wonderful knowled ^ o he has acquired of the sentiments adapted to different classes and descriptions of men . The only circumstance that we remember at all akin to his power 13 the preaching of Peter the Hermit , who must have addressed the different Christian nations
in their own tongue when he roused Saxon ami 2 Jorman , Frank and German , Lombard and Dane , ai . d kindling in all the various people of Europe a wonderful religious enthusiasm , impelled them on Asia , and induced millions of men willingly to lay down their lives for their faith . A question of some importance is , how did Kos-« utb acquire this power ? Is he himself conscious of possessing it ? Tho address to the people of the United States , composed in tho very beginning of 1 S 50 or the latter end of 1349 , was written in Magyar , and was translated in the United States It is to be inferred , therefore , that Kossuth , at that period , was not sufficiently master of tho English language to write in it , much le ? s to trust himself to speak in it . He could not have acquired the power by art and industry before that period , nor could he hare had any knowledge of its
existence within him till he reached our shores . It was impossible that he should have had from experience any consciousness of tlio influence he was destined to exercise when he came Lithei * . He came aa an exile , he has spoken , and he finds himself at home . If the enthusiasm for the man have become less boisterous than at first , it seems to be spreading wide . It is calmer but more earnest . Judgment has come to the help of impulse , and hasty , ignorant , blind devotion has changed to intelligent and lasting admiration . There are many signs of change in thoso who were ready " to scoff , " but are now content * ' to pray . " Three weeks ago ho knew nothing of England , and ho was unknown and unsupported . Uow he is familiar with many persons aud things , and millions of men , not long ago strangers to his name , are now ready to peril their iivef for his cause . They would do as much for Kossuth as for thoir own government and
country . Such an extraordiaary phenomenon cannot Ijo without its meaning . All * the remarkable men who have appeared in the worM have been signs of much more tl ; nn themselves—of a diseased condition of soeieiT , or the heralds of great coming changes . Eossuth is obviously one of what Mr . Cai lyle calls the Heroes of mankind , and those who have for some time been lookinir out for a ui ; m may find , perhaps , in him the person sought . Asia is the land of prophets , the birch-place of reli g ious creeds . Every prevalent form of reibion that influences all the tjcneratioEs of men , Buddhism na wt'li us Christianity , Slahtuntrednr . isni as well as Erahuiiniiin , had its oriffln in Asia . The influence of Asiatic
thoughts and Asiatic ekquenee b . is ii > r many ases been ' conspicuous in human afiV : rs . It would not , therifoiv , )¦ £ singular / or the chiM of au Asi ' itic race , MJunwed with an A . MHtie miisd , ; iiid t !; e clcquesice , which is one of the :: ttribu : os of aA-i , to bo the prophet of a new political creed . C . -ui it be thjii i . e i * Jnienued to be the common voice alul the- ei-r . tie of UJiiun for that « U-iiic . cr : « cy of whose er-ntiaieiits Le appears so : « pt an interpreter , now apparent y ripe for united action ? ] lit ! : e « o " it . h : is ' i ; ot fcui ' j a leader , but has b ? wi * : « H- > -. il ! y ili-coivei ) , brtrayc- 'J , ai ; u" desei ied by . ' ill the
demssoi-gut-s in ttLgiu it has put its trust . ~ Whatever may be the real mission of such a mr-n 7 } j t . s-jrj ) of ; 1 great disease ora siT-at iuipj-o » emcct—aTi'J whatever may bo its results , th « peculiar : » i : !| -tfciic » of liis sentiniets to others aiid Ins -,: iFt 5 :. fii : e 3 : ce are facts which must not be ovcrle-kct . It is of fi . Srrite inipoitaiice , also , that his i-. iScei cc iiv Hid be rightly . iircrted . "We shall bavc li-fis ! : md Mudied inoe > . ' < l in vain , and statesmen ard public writers v iil boast very erroneously of their ki : ov . ici ! ge and wisdom , if they are unaWe to m :: \ v . Midi a pher . piiif . non the instrument of aocd , and if ihcv allow it to become the tourer ; of dii-ordw .
iiisnirt . ancp , and convulsion . What he baa hitutrti '
iuatejijii cci ; r . exicn he in the course ana order of mturc — and if M . Kossuth be jm in-^ trunicat for prontoliiig that end—it must be the duty of all n-. en to bring it about pt acefnlly , and wmIi as i » Ken respect as possible for the prejudices iini privilege ? , for the digiiiiivs and rights of these -vi-c * e superiority , the offspring of a pa > t , wi ' , 1 be iV conipatibJe witli tJ e future condition of society . " aj Kosautli ' s address lias found ready accepinnce in the United States . The journal ^ , which 1 we are an eapreaiwi of the peopled feeling and Sons , bE ^ e iV aieed it nraofa . Moth m Amencn , nifd hS-e » r .. o » jg » t ourBtlves , t . nd on the w-nlinrnt , fff iBtcrfennte ofthe S reni Amwwan demccmy utto Wt : ral ! . &ira of Enroj * is spolcn of and voH-i Over tbat dewocwey M . Ivcssutl . is obvi-Sv ikilccd to csercise great power . Ve n . t > y
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imagine what his influence will be there from his address , and from what it has been here . Over Europe too , that demomoy , influenced by him , wilt , m its turn , exercise increasing influence It has already had great effect . No art can conceal tho magmneent growth of the United States in power , nor disijujse its cause fron the suffering people of Europe . The old statement of a great abundance of land being the source of the wonderful prosperity , is put tlowu alike by the acknowjedged fact , that labour produces nil wealth , wins it from the sea and the deep caverns of the earth , as well as from its fertile , illumined , and gladsome Burface—and by the fact that in thu slowlv-improving or retrograding countries of Europelandin rela-: : * .-.-- - ^ -- . .
, , tion to people , is more abundant than in the inhabited portions of tho state . To prevent the influence of the American democracy over tlie population of Europe—to check tho admiration of tho principles of its Government , which has already Jed to imitation in the most renowned nation of Europe , and which is dail y growing in strength and influence as its vast resources and rapid improvements bocome known—is now impossible . Those governments on the continent , therefore , will be wise which recogniso these facts in time , and tako menanros , like the President of the French Itepublic , to make tho multitude the supporters of order , by showing a deference to their wishes , and admitting them to a share of political power ,
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¦•»' LORD PALMEUSTOS AND THE K 0 SSUTI 1 DEMONSTBATIOXS . ADDltESSES AND DEPUTATIONS TO THE F 011 E 1 GX MlXISTElt . On Tuesday evening an event elucidating the opinions of the Foreign Minister in reference to the recent public UDiiionstrations in favour of Kos suthandthe cause of Hungary took place , on tin occasion of the presentation of addresses from the borough Of Finsbury and the parish of Islington to Lord Palmerston , at the Foreign Office , congratulating his lordship on the aid he rendered the Sultan of Turkey in effecting the liberation of the late Governor of Hungary ,
It appears , that , Air , Daniel Hawis , the secretary to the Kossuth Committee for the borough of Fin ' sbury , wrote a letter to Lord Palmerston , asking the noblo lord whether it would be convenient for him to receive a deputation for the purpose of presenting to him the addresses agreed to at large public meetinga which had been held in the borough of Finsbury and parish of Islington , to which thut gentleman received the following reply- ;—" Foreign Office , Nov . W , 1851 . " Sir , —I 11 reply to your letter of the 13 th inst ., I am directed b y Viscount PalmcrBton to say that he will be elad to receive tne delegates from Finsburyand Islington at the office , either Monday or Tuesday next . " lam , Sir , your most obedient servant , "Daniel Harris , Esq .. n . STASiiKT . "
In pursuance of this communication the deputation waited upon Lord Palmerston on Tuesday afternoon at five o ' clock , at the Foreign Office , Downing-street , and consisted of Mr . "VV . Shaen , Mr . P . Barnes , barrister , Messrs . Thomas Lewis , D . Harris , Green , Browne , James , Janson , Jludie , Moore , Wakelin , Medley , Elt , Guorge Rogers , M'Claren , J . II , Parry , barrister , Pike , and C . H . "Williams . ' The deputation , who were introduced by Mr . Shaen , were received by the noble lord with the greatest courtesy-Mr . Daniel Harms then read to Lord Palmerston the addresses which had been unanimously agreed to at large public meetings , and which his lordship Lad come up from Windsor expressly to ruceive .
Lord Paluersios said ho felt extremely flattered and highly gratified by this expression of opinion on tho part of so large a number of his fellowcountrymen for his exertions in endeavouring to promote the cause of national frrcJom of tiioio nations who stood in need of it . The government were fully aware of the sympathies of tho British nation in favour of the causo of Hungary ; but , of course , as the organ of her Majesty ' s government , who was iu friendly alliance with the great foreign powers which had been referred to , it could not be expected that lie ( the noble viscount ) should concur in some of the expressions which had been used in the addresses . He felt i however , that it was highly gratifying to have been instrumental in aiding the
cause of tho patriotic Hungarians and Poles , who , without British intervention , would no doubt have been doomed to perpetual imprisonment , and sacrificed their freedom , if not their lives , in the cause of their country ' s independence . ( Hear , hear . ) They never could have been rescued liom tbo fate which awaited them , even by the aid which the government of this country was enabled to afford , had not the government been backed by public opinion here , 'i'heio was no question of . the great moral power which the government of this coanhy had over foreign affairs so long as the government were backed in the exercise of that power by the public opinion of the people . No doubt the moral power of the British government was immense—more than
people generally , imagined—but it would be . oiily effective so long as tue people and the government went together . ( Hear . ) There could Co no doubt but with regard to its Hungarian policy ihe government had been bacRed by the people , as was instanced by the fact of the appeals which , had been made from all quarters and from all the large towns and cities in the kingdom urging on the government of this country interference in that important question . It was not necessary that England should exercise a power with its armies , with its bayonets , or with its cannons . Tho moral power , where tliu government was backed by the people , would do a great deal more . The moral power was greater than anything else , but even that could not be made effective unless the government and people noted in unison . The government , more especially the
foreign department , were sometimes accused with keeping so much secrecy with , regard to their transactions with foreign powers . It was said there ought not io be so much secrecy in diplomacy , but , upon the same ground , that men in the ordinary business transactions of life did not maku public all the details of such transactions , until the bargain in which they might be engaged were completed , ? o also -was it necessary that the publication of the proceedings of diplomacy should be left to the judgment and discretion of tbat department of the government , in order properly to transact the busiuess of the nation . The nobJe lord again said the reception of those addresses just read , and the geiiural expression of approval of his conduct on the part of his countrymen , afforded him unsigned jleaaure and gratification .
Mr . Shaes observed thut ho felt that the people of England had been hitherto somewhat lukewarm and callous as to tbe relations of this country with foreign questions ; but recent events , coupled with the circumstivnces tbat encouragement was held out to them by the government that they should do so , would have the effect for the future of making them equally alive to foreign aa tu domestic subjects . Lord Palmerstox remarked that one of the difficulties in foreign affairs which was felt was from the fact of the grent bulk of tho people caring "c ncnilly little about them . Tho ^ o-verntnent hail io desire to be urged 011 to war , altliough they were desirous of upholding the ii .-Jiiuiiality of foreign countries . At tho tune when Hungarian affairs were agitating the world—be ilii ) not allude io recent demonstrations here , but these wbiuh led to tlx step on the part of the government— -were tho £ ro « t dvittOlYilVititans held in Glasgow . Edinburgh , 3 )
irnniigJK-in , .-silt ! all the grc- 'it towns , as well as tho iiittJOpoiis . When forty or fifty addresses haii re . tciii'd him from all the ' aroat towns hoioi'w&vdeJ ihesi to Sir Stratford Caiiiiinir , to . '• how him that it was mo ! wrriOv tho wish of the government , but tbu wish of ihe people , that he should interfere and jR > vent th : it , if possible , Yfhfch other powers weio dcaianoins : ; and ttat it was oniy that eii'twmst ; : rsce which rendered the government in a position to srnnt . " . ii ! if it were needed . Hat the Sultan , to do him jiittice , v ;; -s most willing to lend his aid , ; ir ; d ; o co-o \ ier ; : it > with this country " in carrying out the wishes cf the British goviW » : * nt . ( Jleiir , brer . ) At the yin-. u titue , however , a great de .-. l of fi'iod grtH'ralshiji ;> i ; d ju
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PitTER Gmiviths . —Three repci ts irjado to f . he Poor l- » ltoavU mi the education and training of naupcr children , presei . iid to parliament , hnve just been printed l > y order of the House of Commons . The reports are inn . ee by Sir John lV . -ilsJi .-un , Mr . Doyle , and > , 5 r . Parrel . Mr . Doyle has eig ht counties , comprising forty-three unions in hi 3 district ; 37 of the unions have workhouses . On the 1 st of Dt'ceis . ber , ] S 49 , there were in the workhouses of tl . e 37 uuions , 1 . 7 S 2 children , and on the 1 st December 1350 the number wns 1075 . From the
, , , l > t of December , 1849 , to the corresponding period of last year the number admitted was 3 , 411 , and n large numter was discharged . In 31 r . Farrcll ' s district ti- 'ere are 58 unions , of which OS iuengricuhura ) union . . On the 1 st of October , 1550 , there were { 5 , 050 children in the workhouse ? , of whom 1 , 050 had j » arcr ; ts living . Of the children 3 , 024 were in the schools . Sir John Walsbam is of opinion that tbe formation of district schools « ill be of i ; o benefit , whilst their formation depends on tin * consent of boards of cunrdians .
Ixcdkasb op the iloK-Mxo Mails . —The undermentioned have been added to the list of morning mail towns : Andover , Dury ( Lancashire , ) Grawley , Oaliliain , lMersfield , PorcsteigJi , Bherbornc , Wiuslow , nisd Ycf'vil ; aiid the towns of Oldin , S ! eaford , and St . Xeots-struck out .
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TUB GOLD DIGGINGS IS AUSTRALIA . lumJs ? n 0 ! f 6 St hnTOOUiltf ^ ceired we lear n that B disS ; jL Oewe ¥ . hln « ^ together 1061 b . had £ kei aJr ! '• M hicfl were 80 ltl *<> M « m « . thedet iU nf ^ f eli fop £ * . l « l > - Wth regard to operVtws th ? . I * " *? ° business and ofminine SlUlfi W ° " r'ne CXtracts Of le'tors wiU iKf V « , « 1 " form ; 1 ' 'on- Tho first is from M ! , S 1 : rJ ° > " " 4 Go-, ^> ted August 10 th :-win £ r t oin » « . nnKS forth new *« as » re 9 . Tho croideri ^ ; a - ' ? afc an end ' the western road is crowded . gain with thousands of pilgrims to Onhir ZrUi ° i'V n *^ - V the rich " »¦ ¦ W OP "" tothl world . At Opbir the di ggers havo been creatlv « TtS . bS T h ° r mion 3 ^ S tS SSlJq'ir ^ ° ^ on the genml success f ; , r ™ Z th ? f- '' Irec «« Kl » letter from Mncquoid the otkei-day , in which he say ? , ' These di" . ?! " ^ * riche * - > I think , than / ouor the p 0-ie . "" " _
P hi aj aney nre nt present aware of . I walked up Zd t-Z V ye * erday for several hours , ZtJTu 0 I r ° } convers ^ i » ith appeared to be «» i / f I / Bt ? ° hy ftnd sawa S re"t deaI <> SoU 00 looted from the different cradles ; one party ( Halls ) within the Iaatthree weeks hns collected upwards of £ 1 , 000 ; and when I yeaterdav , at three p . m . was talking to Mr Hall , aud aaked ' him what had been his luck durinir the day , he took out of bis pocket a bag containing 21 b of gold , which he I , , , ' Jf . " . before diTlne 11 - In thus instancing Mr . Hall s luck I do not mean you to understand that it la common , because , bo far from this being tho ense , I believe he has been the most fortunate individual as yet upon the river . Kevertfceless , all the others who are workinff alongside him ar «
doing well , and have plenty of gold . On tbo other parts of the river people ave likewise doing well . One man of a party of three had made £ 50 in a fortnight tor his own share ; and instances of luck similar to thia are by no means nncommoi . ' My cook hna a brother-in-law workine at Oakey Creek , a tributary of the Turon , and he and his |» arty of eleven have for some time been raising their seven ounces j » er man per day , or nearly £ 24 Stirling in valuo . This is the Arabian Nights over again . The government send down an armed escort with the mail once a-week , and the last few weeks they have had £ 10
over , 000 worth weekly , besides which a great deal has uomo through the Post-office and by private opportunities ; so that probably the quantity at present received weekly is not far short of £ 20 , 000 . The lastsliip , the Boadiceo , which sailed this day week for London , had £ 30 , 000 worth on fricght . This must convince the n : ost sceptical that there is no exaggeration in what has been promulgated . Sydney , meanwhile , is becoming desorted , and there ia little or no busineBS doing privately . At auctions prices have been very low , and foroetl sales do not realise cost and charges . "
The writer of another letter , dated August Stu , says ;—" The famous hundredweight of gold ia sent to England by this vessel , consigned to Alatheson and Co . Tbis , I believe , is the largest mass of gold that tho world has ever seen . Unfortunately the aboriginal native by whom it was found smashed it up , to separate it from the quartz . It is still , bowever , in its present state deserving of your inspeetion . " The subjoined , also , ia to a leading London firm : — . .. „ . . _ . "Sydney . Aug . 15 .
"JhoHgh I wrote io you not further back than the 5 th , 1 cannot allow a ship to go without a lino upon the present gold prospects . Really , day by day tho thing is growing more astounding , A piece of 501 b . weight is just picked up , and plenty of 41 b ., 51 b ., Clb ., and 7 lb . each . Sydney is rapidly becoming depopulated ; tbe men are off from every house . My carpenter , gardener , labourers , and groom go next week . JVly mason is gone . Happily , my buildings are finished , or I supposo they would not have been . The attorney's clerks are all gone , or going ; and , indeed , from every trade as well as profession men are away . You v . eithev henv of , nor gee anything , but gold , or golilen equipments . The shops ave doing little or nothing , and the offices less . Meanwhile new gold-fields are , day by day , added to tbo old . Men are leaving good diggings of 20 a . a day each , to fall upon richer ground , and from £ 100 to £ 200 per month per man is rot looked upon as nnyihmg out of the common . The newspapers do not tell half . "
Fl'BTnKH PARTICULARS . Tho " Bathurst Tree Press" records the discovery of a lump of gol <) , who »© ^ cigct far exceeds anything which tho most sanguine had expected of the Australian diggings . Tho following is the account in the coioiiTal newspaper : — " Mr . Suttor , a few days previously , threw out a few misty hints about tho possibility of a single individual digging four thousand pounds worth of gold in one day , but no one believed him serious . Is was thought he was doing a little harmless puffing for his own district awd the T » row diggings . On Sunday it began to be ' whispered about town thut Mr . Kerr . Mr . Suttor's brother-in-law , had
found a hundredweight 01 gold . Some fvvr believed it , but the townspeople guiurally , and amongst the rest the writer of this article , treated the story us a piece of ridiculous exaggeration . The following divy , however , set tho mutter at rost . About two o ' clock in the afternoon , n pair of greya in tandem , driven by W . H . Suttor , Esq ., M . G ., uiade their appearance at the bottom of William-street . In a few seconds they wove pulled up opposite tbe " Free Press " office , and thu first imiicaiion of tho astounding fact which mot the view was two massive pieces of the precious metal , glittering in virgiu purity , as they leaped from " the rock . Tho townspeople wore on the qui vive , and about 150 wore collected around the '')< ' to catch
a glimpse of tho wonder . Tho two pieces spoken of wore frei'ly handed about amongst the asscmbloa throng for some twenty niiuut . es , ; iml tho vehicle was pointed out as containing a square box , the repository of tberestofthehuiidndweightof golili It » vi 8 then conveyed to the Union Bank of Australia , hi the presence of ihe inanii « rei '» David Ivt'nnedj , W . II . Sutior , and T . J . Hawkins , Esqs ., and tbe fortunate proprietor , Dr . Kerr , the weighing comnionuotl , I > i ' . Machatlia ofi > ciatii > g , aud 2 \ 3 r . 2- 'airaiid acting as clerk . The first two pieces already alluded to weighed severally Gll > s . 4 oz . lSdirts ., besides which woro sixteen drafts , of uibs . 4 oz , encb , making ill all 1021 bs Ooz . otfwts . From Dr . Korr we learned thab bu hiul retained upwards of Slbs . as sprcimens , so that the total weight found
would Uo 1061 b 3 . —all dUembowellod from the earth at OHO timo . And now for the particulars of tliifi extraordinary gathering . A few days previous to tho finding , ' an educattd aboriginnl , formerly attached to the "Wellington Mission , ami who hue been in the service of W . Kerr , E ? q ., of Wallawa alioitt sevou years , retuvned Iiomio to his employer with the intelligence that ho had discovered a largo nifnj . 1 of gold amongst a heap of quartz upon tiio run , whilst tending the sheep , Gold being thu utiiversal t ' . icme of conversation , thia sublc son 01 tl » i ' ovest whs excited , and provided with a tomahawk he had amused himself by exploring the country inijat'i'ia to bis employer ' s land . His alh'Dtioi ) was nV * t ( . -allei ) Io tbe spot by observing a epot of some glitlermg yellow subsiancc upon tl \ rtz wliich
tho sxjvfncc of a blovfc 0 ' . > c qj « , upon lic-sppiied his toniiiimwii find broke off a portion . Ilothim btaitcd homo ami disclosed the discovery to bis master , who was soon on the spot , ; md iu ; v very short time the tiji'ce blocks of quartz , contai ' . iin « tho hundredweight of gold were released from tho bed irliwo tli . vv had ICSCt'll for c'lj . 'eS , Till ! largest of the blocks was about a loot in tiiametcr , aiuf weighed 751 bs . » ross . Out of tiiis pieceCOIbs . of puns gold was taken . Efforo soparation it was ljc : iulifully encasi ' d in quartz . Tbo Other two were something smaller . The auriferous mass weighed as nearly as could bo uuossed from two to three liuniireiln-fig-lit . Not being able to move it conveniently , Dr . ' Kevv broke tha jiic-ces into email fr » guioiits , iiud ihweiu commuted a very great error . As specimw 1 ! 1 , tiie glittering l-lock would have been jiiv .-iJu . ibJe . From the descripiion given by him , as seen in thoir oriimial state , iliu world lifts s-oen
uoth ' iisg like them yet . Tho heaviest of t ! io two larjce j > it-ci . 's pri'Sfiiteil < in appc-. ' . niiieo not . unlike a iioneycomli or sponge , ami consisted of particles of a crvsliilliuo form , as Ji J nearly the yrbo ' . e of ii : u gold . Tbt » second l . irger piece w » a-smoother , ; un \ the particles wore condensed , and seemed as if it bad been acted upon by water . The remainder was broken iii ! o lumps of 2 ibs . to 3 lb 5 i and downwards , flisd rrero i-cmarkably freu from quartz or earthy matter . The locality where the gold was found is tho commencement of an undulating table land , vtivy frvtiltf , "AUU 19 contiguous to a never-failing i-upply of water in tbe Jlurroo Crock . It is distant about h ' fty-threo miles from Uathurst , eighteen from ilud » te , tliiviy ( vow Weliinglow , and eighteen to tho nearest point of the Matvjuarie llivcr , ami is within eight miles of Dr . Kerr ' s head station . The neii'hbourirjg country has been explored since the discovery , but , with ' the exception Of UUit , U 0 further iudioations havo been found . "
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¦ - , Wi . vteu Assize , —On Saturday last commissions were issued for holding a special ass-tee of over and termincr and gaol deliveiy for Hie counties of Lancaster and York . Tbe judges , Mv . Karon Parks and Mr , Justice ErlCi Lave issued the precepts for holdinu the nssizo at Liverpool on Saturday , the Othof December . Mr . Justice Jlnule and Mr . Karon Platt havo fixed Saturday , the ^ lSth of December , for owning tlw- comvnission at York . This Elbctrio Light . —This light is at Itngth to be brought into practical operation . Tbe Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway C . mpany intend almost immediately to illuminate tho several tunnels along their line by this powerful and new practical .-ysti-m of illumination . Tho adoption of the electric light at these points is not for experimental purp oses , but for permanent use—all the difficulties which havo hitherto bestt tbe subject having beon entirely surmounted- — -Mxing Journal .
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A STEAMER IN A TYPHOON . The Peninsular and Oriental Company ' s steamer Pfkin experienced a severe typhoon between llong Kong and Sinff- 'pore , on the night of Oct . 1 , which nearly proved fatal to her . The following letter from a passenirer describes the awful scene whit !) occurred during the storm — " On Monday , September 29 , at two p . m ., wo left Hong Kong with twenty-four passengers , viz ., three Indies and twenty-ono of tho sterner sex , consisting of a f . iir spriillclinir of all nations , professions , aud avocations . We had a remarkably tine start , and were congratulating ourselves on the probability of a speedy and pleasant passn ^ e to Singapore . On Wednesday forenoon , the 1 st of October , the barometer began to fall , with a rising sea and increasing wind , which , however , blew so _^ LL'HL ! . m ''" ""' ' . ! - ' ¦ "
steadily from tho same quarter ( north-east ) that Captain Uaker did not expect more than a strong north easter , ' tho first of the season' in those latitudes , and made preparations accordingly , observing that should io turn ouc a typhoon , according to Piddington , the course he was then compelled to aceer , on account of our proximity 10 tbo Parncels shoals , woulil bring us into its centre , and that liis only alternative , in event of being unable to carry on through it , would be to heave to , as soon as lie had left them sufficiently far to leeward , which he calculated would be about eight p . m . The increasing f » ll of the mercury during the afternoon showed tho probability of his extreme apprehensions being realised , and the short period of daylight remaining was occupied in inakinu everything
suug . At seven p . m . both wind and sea had increased to an extent which showed the wisdom of t ' aese precautions . At 7 ' 10 tho ship was rolling fearfully , and two fine Jarge quarter boats were literally blown into the air , the heavy iron davits , three inches thick , having snapped like pipestems . At eight p . m . Captain Baker ordered the vessel to bo hove to , which maKocim'e was executed after an infinite deal of trouble and danger , the whole of tho work having devolved on tho Captain fllid officers , the ^ rearer part Of the crew ( Lascars ) being hid away . From ten p . m . until two p . m . tho gale increased to . 1 perfect hurricane , and the most sceptical was satisfied that wu were in a typhoon , and one of no ordinary nature . At this time no description , however powerful ,
could realise the horrors of our situation . The vessel was pooped three times , and each visitation was attended by a catastrophe . On one occasion Captain Baker , three officers , and tbo men at tho wheel , were all carried off their feet , and , but for the providential circumstance of the ves .-el being on the riso at the time , would havo been carried overboard . Indeed , the conduct of these brave men is beyond all praise , and to their exertions alone , under God , do we atributu our being now alive to tell the tale , as it must havo been evident to any that it was next to impossible for a vessel to be placed in a more critical or hazardous situation . In : i word , the emergcucy called fovtU the energies of all , ami each in his station , did his duty as a man and a British seaman . It would bo injustice here
to omit noticing the eminent services rendered by Mr . Blake , chief engineer , and bis staff , who were in close attendance during the whole of this trying night ; although they also suffered from the defection of part of their crow , who fled simultaneously with the Lascars on deck , thcroby throwing the work on those whoso attention was required elsewhere . They succeeded , however , in keeping the engines working through the most critical part of tbe night , when a stoppage , however short , might have been attended with fatal results ; The noMe vessel , too , seemetl instinctively alive , as it were , to the peril , and gallantly did she sustain the unequal strife , and prove the faithfulness of her construction . On deck , when any one bolder than his follows ventured from the saloon , nothing could be
seen or heard above the fierce blast of the tempest but the clear , calm voice of our skilful commander , issuing bis orders as coollj a « d composedly as if it was a- case of no unusual occurrence , and the equally collected and prompt responses of his active ' and energetic officers as they proceeded to put them into execution thereby fospwinglhemosfc timid with confidence . At midnight tho scene in the saloon was painfully striking . Without any exhibition of active fear , it was evident , from the low and rapid whisperings passing between those who were not him de combat , the eager crowding round and anviouo inquiry of ovury arrival from the deck , that every man knew bis danger , and felt it too . After tho vessel was pooped the hsl time , and tbe . siloon , as before , deluged with water , she
remained entirely motionless for a few seconds , and then ' tlio boldest held his breath , ' seeming to cast a glance of muto inquiry around , the purport of which could not be misunderstood In these remarks no implication of want of mental courage 19 intended ; on tbe contrary , tho silence and calmness exhibited were well befitting the occasion , and though the recollection of this ' night of terror ' may not speedily pass from the minds of those present , there are occasions on recent roeord of infinately less risk where the a ' osence of similar firmness has materially increased the actual danger . The ladies were happily in ignorance of the danger until it was over . Unlike Wellington at Waterloo , ' daylight under any circumstances was now thu fervent wish of all ; and when Captain Baker came down to tbe saloon for the first tinie during the whole of tho gale , at 2 30 a . m ., his look gave us hope that ibe worst was pa .-it , and this was coufirmed bv his opinion that the mercury was rising .
Then , and not till then , < iid we , with feelings of lively gratitude for our preservation and lightened hearts , ' proceed to tcniptlunwilling rest after tbis eventful night . Day broke on a . most dismal and distressing scene . Out of seven fino boats , six were mi . 'sing . Forq aud main topmasts , companion ladders , ' stanchion booms , davits , trusses , and many other articles familiar only to the initiate !) , were also wanting , and the deck was covered with the ikfois of the wreck . Tho otliei casualties reported vture the death of a line Sydney horse , Goliath , well known on tho llong Ivoi . g turf , and oar cow , whose less was much regretted , besides a fearful mortality in tlto sheen nen , &C . A 3 the tiny .- « J winced the wind and sea gradually abated , anil long before uihlnijihi we wore steaming on our course in safety and comfort , thanks to him who hohis the wattis in tho hollow of His hand . At lioon , b'Avometar 29 . C-5 ; midnight , 2 S . 80 . Noon , wind X . E . "
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l ) c IUrrt ' s Rcrater . tH AraWca food is a pleasant and ePi ' ectunl remedy ( without medicine , inconvenience , or exjk-nse , us it saves fifty lim . s its value in other means of cure ) fur nervous , stomachic , intestinal , liver , and bilious cnwp ' aints , however deeply vootvil , dyspepsia ( indiges . tion ) - habitual constipation , ili .-iirlicea , acidity , heartburn , flatulency , oppression , distension , palpitation , eiuptions of tlie slcin , sickness at tlie stomach during pregnancy , at sea . and under all circumstances ; debility in the ajtcd as well » i infants , fits , spasms , cramps , paralysis , rlicuniatUm , goat . Jt-o . T > u i ; cst fwort fur infants and invalids generally , as it never turns acid on the weakest stomach , nor interferes with a i ; oud Hlieral riiet , but imparts a healthy relish for lunch and dinner , iind restuivs tlie faculty of digestion am ! nervous mill muscular cneriry to tht i > u > st cni'ceUi'U . TW only remedy wliich has obtained y !> , l ) t >> R'slinn liials of cures , from Lord Stuart de Dccies , the Venerable Ai-clniiao < m Alexander Stuart , of lioss ;
Mojor General Thoinsn King ; l ) rs . i " re , Shorldiid , auu Iltirvt V , illld Other jiorsons <•( llw liJ # Jiest respectability . A eojiii .-us extract 0 ) yi > , l ; l ) 0 cures sent gratis liy i ) i ; Bauuv and Co ., 127 , New JJonil-strect , Londuiu Caution . —Tho name nf Messrs . JJalJ-taiiv ' s invaluable fiioil , as also Unit of the mm , have been so dosoly imitated , that inratics viiiiiHit tui ) carefully lonk at the exact spi-Uin ? , - of Wl-i , and also Messrs . I ) U UaV . uv's aiHress , 127 , New lioml-sireut , Loudnn , in order to avuid lieiu-r imposed up < : i by Ervaleiita . JJeal linvalciua , Lentil I ' mvder , i ' sitcut flour of Lentils . Aralrica Fou . i , Arabian Ui vulei . ta , or other spuriutis ci < ni )' . uun < l 3 i >! 5 ) l' : is , l > t : uis , It-ntil )> ywUer , ludinii and o : itine : \ l , undura elose imitaiiun of the nan : e , ' . viiieh liavc nothing to rei : onii )! Ci ; d them but ( lit recUlcss auduuity of tl : ei ' r iirnorant and unsirujiul' us eompmindeis , and wliich , tluitiL' -li admiraUy i . dapti i "! for p ( j . » , would ] il : iy s-ail havouk with the liclieato stomaeli uf sin invulid or ij ; f ' iltlt . —Siu AiivL'i'tisomeiiiin » ur { to-day ' s ) i-nlmnu .
Statistics w Convicts . —A Pjsiliauicntary blue book iiiia jus-t been primed , coutaiuiusr Liiuieiniti ! ,-ColoncJ Jebb ' s rujiort for the year 1800 on the discipliticaiid ni : iiiii !< c > uu'iit of convicts . Ou tho 31 st ol'December , 1 S 30 , there weie C . I 33 convicts avooniinoiL-itetl . Of tin ; nuinln-r 2 , 100 were in separate uuiitintii-. oiit , 2 , C 93 i'mplo \ oii on public work .-- , C 54 in invalid depots , ami bVu in the juvenile prison at Parkliurit . There «; is acuomiuodation , as it , is termed , at the cuJ of tho year for 6 ,-181 conviuts . On tlio 1 st of January , JS 50 , lijure were . iu the convict establishments 5 , 02 i > , an-J tins nun . ber received in the year was 2 , 0-19 . In tisu year 2 , 495 were di .-jjioscd of , leaving , as aireaiiy Ktati .-tJ , 0 , 128 in the prisons . Iti the sumo vwr ( lS 3 [ i ) thu lmvnbe * trans-VOl'ted was 2 , 092 , of whom 1 , 050 wore sen !; to Van Diomen ' s land with tickets 0 ! ' leave , 08-i to Western
Austi"ili » for public work , 935 to Norfolk Island as incnrrigihlo , mkI 234 For public works at Bermuda . There were 11 veuujvc'i to iuuntic asylums , a / nj 13 to the riiilaiuhropic Society's farm sohooi , Theie were 247 pardons granted in the -jear , of which 11 were free , 20 condition *] , 105 on nie'iicrd grounds , and 111 on the expiration of a moiety of sentence , under a rule . There -were 13 escapes and 110 deaths . In Milbank the average expense W « 8 i' 2-i 103 . 7 d . per head ; lVntonville , £ 25 0 s , ; Toi tland , £ 23 13 s . Sd . ; hulks , £ 22 Is . lOvl . In Milbank the earnings of the v'isoners averaged £ 2 15 s . 5 vi . ; in Pentonville , £ 010 * . lid . ; PorUnnd , £ lfl 19 ; . ; aiid in the hulks , £ S Ca . lOd , Tl / e average cost of er . ch prisoner a year in England aud Wales was £ 21 13 s . 3 d .
A Hkmc of Bk . nve . nuto Cellini . — A discovery of iv very intevcsling nature has just taken place in o :: e of the cells of the Castle of St . Angelo , on tho wall of which , towards the corner , ; i rough and nearly effaced indication of Christ on tho Cj-obb was brought to light a few days ago . This drawing or painting is thought to ho that which Bonvenuto Cellini , in his admirable autobiography , mentions having executed with charcoal and brickdnst on the wall of liis prison , when confined by order of Pope Paul HI ., in tho Castle of St . Angelo , in the year 1539 .
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BOROUGH OF LAMBETH . On Monday a niening of the electors of tha borough of Lambeth was convened by Mr . W . Williams , M . p ,, at the Horns Tavern , Ke . >» in to » , to "ear an account from the hon . member of his stewardshi p . Mr . W . Williams , upon emerging Horn his committee-room wish his friends , was vi n i » wUb a manifMto » ion « f public entiiutiasm . ti p Wrts Vol . '" ^ chair . J he Chaikma . v , in opening the proceeilings said the borough of L-. Tntoh ' was very differ ntly situntefi from iheamali rotten boroughs about which , they had all been readins li \ tely , where tiie cKcturs wore all bousht and sold like cattle in ihe mmket . Tliese disclosures spoke volumes in favour f the extension of the franchise , and putting an end . t : > iho corruption and pi-rjury which existed in all ttio smaller boroughs . ( Cheers . )
Mr . W . Williams then presented himself , and was warmly reeeive-l . lie said he appeared before them in pursuance of a f > lejge which he hail giveu at the last election , to meet them at tho termination of every session and explain his cimduct . He had not been one day absent from the House of Commons when it met last session , and he had been present at every division ui on any matter of importance . ( Hear , hear . ) The hon . memImt proceeded io pass in review the principal measures and debates of ' the session , and the votes he had aiven thwem . He had opposed at every step the Government bill for the removal of Smithfi--ld-market , because it was unjust to male : th >; butchers on the souih side of the water buy their cuttle at a market so distant as tbe one about to be held under Hiahs-atchil . Ho
bad also opposed the Government bill to consolidate the water companies , and had wished to see the water supply for the metropolis placed under the entire management of a body to be elected by the ratepayers , lie had supported the rcpcnl of the window-tax , but bad op |> sed ihe imposition of 8 house-tax , because thousands would hnve to j > ay the house-fax who were exempt from the iviudow ' -tax . lie had voted in favour of a bill for secular education , on the ground of the impossibility of hitting upon any system of religious instruction acreeahle to every one . With regard to the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill , he had received no petitions to present against ; that bill , and no representations were made to * him from the borough against it . On the conb-ai-v , he
received a great many petitions in favour of the Government bill , and he had supposed the Government in it , believing that it did not affect the Religious rites of the Roman Catholics , lie . however , op « posed the extension of the bill to Ireland . B&ing interrupted by a cry of " Come to the Sunday Trading Bill ¦! " the honourable member shortly afterwards applied himself to this subject . He ii « d attended several public meetings while canvassing the borough , and at all tlie question was put to him , whether he would support or introduce a Sunday Trading Bill 1 Mr , Pearson , whom he succeeded in tho representation , had brought in a hill on thesulject thnyear before , and being : l stranger to the local feelings of the borough , he considered he was actinc in accordance with tho wishe 3 of
the inhabitants in pledging himself to sup port such a bill . Bo it " understood , that thi 3 was a purely local question , for the bill was confined to the metropolis . He was attacked in the House of Commons and at the clubs ur . account of this bill , but never by any one in Lambeth . Ho was entreated by members on all side 3 of tho house to withdraw his bill , after it had passed a second reading , and to substitute one more povfect foi" it , but he determined that the house which hud supported him on tho first and second reading , should cither pass it or reject it . The bill was thrown out and lost . ( Checi 4 . ) For himself , he considered that he was merely acting ministerially in regard to the bill , and that it was not necessary for him tohave an opinion either for or a-jilinst that question .
lie took ic up as a local question , but he told those who were favourable to that bill , that there was no hope of its being carried unless it were takrn up by tho Government , and after the defeat of the hill , he askeii to be absolved from taking up the question again , and he now stood clear of the bill . Ho hud made that bargain , ami he hoped he had now made his peace with those who wero opposed to it . ( Cheers . ) Mr Hume and himself bad divided the house no less than twenty-two times against votes of supply , and the reductions they proposed amounted to not less than Jb' 3 , 000 , 000 " of money . While centralisation was going on in the government , the city of London were keeping-everything to themselves , although they only included onetwentieth part of the population . The inhabitants
of this metropolis ought , m his opinion , either to have corporations in their respective boroughs , or to have a single corporation for tho entire metropolis . ( Cheers . ) The rate-payers ought to have themanagment of the millions about to bo laid out on public markets , sewers , cemeteries , water , lighting , and public improvements . ( Hear . ) The Ministry had promised tho people a new Reform . Bill , and be did not believe Lord John llnsscll would bring forward a paltry measure , to be rejected and scoutcil l > y every one . He ( Mr . "WiU lianis ) would do all iu hU power to ol > iai » a measure of reform 'Which should embrace the principle of giving a vote to all householders and occupiers of property rated to tho potr . ( A Voice . — - 'Jfo , let ' s have Universal Suffrage ] " ) He had not tho least objection to it , if ho could get it . ( A lausrh . )
The new measure should also include Triennial Parliaments ami Vote by Ballot , and should make a complete smash of those small rotten boroughs where , as in St . Albmi's , six-sevenths of the constituency sold themselves . ( Cheers . ) The high , priest of corruption bad told the public that he know what wi ' . s going on in these places , and that St . Alban ' s was only a sample of the smaller class of boroughs . Jf tho new bill did not sweep away these sinks of corruption it would be better to sell the seats by public auction and put the money into the Treasury . { Laughter and cheering . ) The hon member in conclusion begged the electors to judge him not by this or that particular vote of which they diaaypiovod , but by liis general conduct , and resumed his seat amid cheering , after inviting any elector to ask such questions as might occur to him .
Mr . Masks , Mr . Ptowsn , and otner electors having put questions to the hou . member , vUich . appeared to the meeting to be answered satisfactorily , Mr . JqifKS moved— " That the meeting having viewed with great satisfaction tho conduct of Mr . Williams during the past session , and having heard his answers to the questions now put to him , regard him as eminently entitled to the uuabaied coufi " denci : of liis constituents . ' * Sir . T . Wkujikk , in seconding tho resolution , said , he considered it an honour to the electors of Lambeth to have secured the services of such a member , mid hoped tliey would long retain him The resolution was put and carried unani 111 nil sly . After an acknowledgment from Mr . ' WiiliaiiM and the usual vote of thanks to the Chairman , the proceedings terminated . _— . uSbc
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CnrriiR Ships . — The America clipper Surprise , to which wo alluded in our last l \ yo articles as tko competitor of tbe Stowaway , arrived in the Dowbs on the 10 th lust ., in 105 days from Whoinpo .-i , bun . ! , ' two days longeron the pssagcthsm the Stowaway . Tho Oriental lias not yet arrived , and is , therefor . , completely beaten . Although tbo Stornnway is neith' -r Liverpool built nor owned , her mccess is deeply intercsti ;; , ' to Liverpool ; her couii )); = nnor , Captain Uylimsw , having -.-vcvigusty eavi \ e « 'a name for himself as commandor of one of tho slrps belontjiii" tu tbis port , lie has now ihown thai ; w : <
British fins cm be triumphanily carried on the seas in compL-fit ' on wi'b the I ' lelest Mps cf otf'i'l " nations . This is sin e : icoura »« nicut to owv er . w-gks , for , having been successful once , we need ; ioo despair in iuttire trials . A colonial dipper of tuo j 1 . iniu of JiluoKU ' i 13 now on her passage from -St John's , Xew Brunswick , to Liverpool . Her builder , borrowin from ihs hyperbole of his ni-i-thboiii-i across the border , writes tl . at " she is so shaJ-p t ! : a 6 it will cut jon tbrougb to look at her . " The gtldua 2-i « hes of Australia will give nn eiicouragemuiit _ to these vessels covresponding in some inw . sr . ve w ; ib . tbat given io Anu : rie : ui clippers by California , for anxiety to rc-acli the El Dorado mit-1 ensure the prowrence for speed . —Liverpool Albion . Dailabout ti
A Litekary Magdalen . — y , noon , : o loungers under the " Linden" al Berlin nre startied l » y Vlie estraurillnary appt-araiice of a tall , l ( tlli ( y woman , whoae thiu limbs are wrapped vp in a 1 l % d < i black rob .- or coarse cloth . An old crumpled bonriet covers her head , which continually moving turns restlessly in all directions . Her holW cheeks are flushed with a morbid coppery glow ; one of her eyes is immovable , for it ia of ftlass , but Uur othev eve shines with a feverish brilliancy , and n strnnpo aiid awful smile Uovevs constantly about l » y tiiin lips . This womfin moves with au unstondy qsiicfc step , and whenever her black mantilla is flung oack by the violence of her movements a small row of hair with a crucifix at tlio end is plainly seen to bind i'VY vfwst . Tina black ungainly woman is tlio quondam authoress , Countess Ida . Hahn-Ilahn , who
has turned a Catholic , and is now preparing fov a . pilgrimage to Home to crave the Pope ' s absolution for her literary trespasses . — 'tt ' eser Xeitung . The Hkfosm Cosfkukxck and Mketiso . —Wo understand that tho cotifertncc and meeting of tlie leading reformers of Lancashire and Yorshiru has been fxed fov Wednesday tbe 3 rd of December . The object of the gathering is "to consider ¦« lr * & sleps shall be taken with reference to tho deel ration of the Prime Minister , tbat it is tbe intention of the government to introduce a measure 01 reform in tbe next session of parliament . " The conference will commence at half-past eleven 0 clock in the moniin ? , and in tho evening there will be u , meeting in llse-Trc © Trade Hall . — Manchester Guardian .
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NOTEMBEB 22 I 8 il - '" "T * rrtn -ti » - ~ - ¦ ¦ ¦ n ** 1 ' ¦ ¦ ! ¦ 1 ¦ .. -
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 22, 1851, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1653/page/7/
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