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' E txtculated by that great E statesman . The S cuin ption and assertion of spiritual authority f " the Pope in these realm 3 , are looked upon w tte Alliance as part and parcel of a deep laid and maturely devised plan for the re-establisbment of universal temporal as well as Spiritual despotism . The aggressive movement of the Pope and the TUh ' a-jnontane party , is hut » Part ° ^ ^ e Preconcerted campaign against the civil and religious liberties of Europe , and is , therefore , more dangerous thanif jt vere an isolated and purely Papal movement . To repel it , a combined party and a , SSS ^ y * ^ JSKS ^
comprehensive policy are necessary , and true statesmanship as well as true courage unite to point out an aggressive as the most effectual and successful counsel that can bo adopted . Instead , therefore , of waiting till the Inquisition , the Censorship , and the Confessional , in conjunction with the immense standing armies of the temporal despots , have trampled down every manly and free spirit in Continental countries , and spread over Europa the silence of political and religious death—instead of waiting until we shall he surrounded on all sides by nations thus subjugated and fettered , aai ! & » & ouiiseJves ca ) hi upon alone to do
battle for the preservation of our liberties—the Protestant Alliance has resolved to adopt an aggressive policy . It will carry the war into the enemy ' s country , and , by so doing , place them upon the defensive . Nor can the sincerest lloman Catholic object to this policy on relig ions grounds . They claim free and unfettered development for their own creed and ritnal in this country—the common priucioles
of fair play demand that Proto .-tantism should bo equally free in Roman Catholic countries . The very depth of their religious convictions should be an additional reason why they should not hesitate to confront what they consider heresy with the faith of the One True Church . Whichever side vrras , humanity cannot but ho elevated by the contest , for whatever makes men think raises them in the scale of
creation . But that thmking ! How dangerous to dogmatic and despotic authority of all kinds I How formidable an opponent to Ignorance , Error and Tyranny , is an Association , that betakes itself in good earnest and with adequate means to kindle up into life and energy the dormant and latent germa of intellect , to teach men their true destiny , and inspire them with the determination to achieve it ; Acts of Parliament are worthless
compared with this method of dealing with despotic aggression , which , if duly carried out , will not only produce immense direct and present results , but constitute a barrier of increasing strength against future aggressions . ~ ITIs imjJOSsibte-fcr the peoples of the Continent not to see that the political slavery at present forced upqn thcmVby their rulers is , to a large extent , iden tified with , if not a conseq uence of , the system of Ecclesiastical Supremacy , witli wMoji it is allied , and as every one of these nationalities evidently longs for m _ A ft ¦* li ___ the
* . ^ ^ emancipation from thraldom , commencement of a crasa&e in favour of political and leligious free thinght and action , would be eagerly hailed byfehem . The Government and the Church would in sncli a case find work enough at home , instead of concocting plots of universal domination , which have for their ultimatum the utter and complete extinction it ! freedom of thought , speech and action in Europe . The only safety for U 3 now lies in such a movement . To be inactive is to expose ourselves to imminent danger . To confront ihe crowned and mitred conspirators against
liberty , is the first stepjto a , flna ] victory . TEFTheifThT'financial reformers will cry * Idok at the cost 3 ' Let us in reply ask what they value Great Britain with all its active intellect , enterprise , and liberties at ? Or do they think it a small thing that England \ should find herself without a companion among European nations , and ultimately be placed under the same mind and body destroying influences as those which debase and crush ^ Naples into the lowest depths of national wretchedness and degradation ?
But a combined aggressive movement on the part of the advocates of civil and religious freedom , need not be expensive . On the contrary , it is certain in itB very nature to be the least costly course we can adopt . The people are everywhere panting for deliverance . They only require a timely diversion to be made in their favour , and they will achieve it for themselves . That diversion we can make almost without cost on our own part ; though if wen a large expenditure were required , we
do not see why the nation that expended a million millions sterling to prop up rotten dytasties , should grumble at half that sum , ifuteessary , to ' promote the general freedom ofEm > pe . - " It' £ afi S 81 piciou 3 omen of better days , when we find the leaders of the religious , as ¦ well as the political world , though looking at the question from different poima of -view , conriug to the same conclusion on a matter of such overwhelming importance to the present and future welfare of mankind .
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MONIES RECEIVED Fob xhjs "Week Ending Thubsd . it , December 5 th , 1 S 51 . NATIONAL CHARTER FUND . EeKkea bv Johx Assam . —J . Hughes ls—C . Denny ' s iistiiCd—Llanidloes , perl ) . Owen 5 s 4 d—Cheltenham , per E . Sharland -tSr-Xorth Crawl *}" , per G , line 2 s Id—Chfctea Locality , per G . GUI 3 s—Mr . -Miller , S- Luke ' — AiriendSs 6 d—Yarmouth , per T . Eisher 2 s id—John , stree : locality , per J . Arnott £ 113 s Si Total £ 3 Is od .
TO THE CHARTIST BODY . HaTjn" been nominated as a member of the ensuiBg Executive , I think it right to atate briefly luy opmioa as to the course to . bD adopted . The present divided state of opinion as to the formation of the Executive , will prevent any immediate change in the constitution of that body , The present Execu . tive hive no course left open to them save that of following the rules laid down by the last Conference . For the present , then , we must have an Executive of nine . Proceed at once to their election . Events are marching with rapid strides—lisu wheels of destinv are . hastening onward—if we would keep pace with them we have not an hour to lose . Exertions must be imniediatel ; niatio to organise the
localities . Preparations must be taken for the assembling of a Conference—we know not how soon it may be needed . France is again revolutionised . The whole continent is in agitation . Our own affairs demand that this step should net be long delayed . We roust show to the Government that we are determined to have a real Reform Bill . We must also remodel and improve our organisation . To the work , then , without delay . Elect men who Lave your confidence ; give them means of employing missionaries throughout the land prior to the meeting of a Conference . Let us forget our dissentions , and think only of the means of embracing the opportunities which may surround us . Thomas Maktix Wheeler .
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INATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF F UNITED TEADES . T . S . DuscokSE , Es ^ . j & . P ., President , ¦ " put jdstiiu . " " If itwereposrible for the working classes , by conl « taums ; among themselves , to raise , or keep up the general rate of wages , it need hardly be said that this would be a thing not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced at Stuabx Miix . KATIO & ^^ 1
The admirable leader upon the Wolverhampton Tin-plate Workers' Case , in the fourth page of last week ' s ' Northern Star , ' is worthy of all the attention which it is possible to be given to it by the working men of Great Britain . It presents a lucid exposition of the law of combination , as interpreted T > y one of the highest Courts of Judicature in the Kingdom , and ia in strict accordance with the opinions which have
always been advanced by the Central Committee in all their public writings , and maintained by all their public proceedings , The principles of the . National Association , which are essentially those of persuasive and peaceful combination , are , defacto , legalised by the decision of the Court of Queen's Bench , We no longer depend for our justification upon the opinion , however just , of Baron KoJfe , or any other individual judge , nor shall we again be placed out of the pale of the law by the sophistical specialities of Mr . Justice Erie .
Our view of the law of combination is confirmed , and the learned Knight ' s corrected , by the solemn decision of the Court of Queen's Bench . That decision ( which , bo it remembered , is now the corrected opinion of Justice Erie ) , stands recorded in the following memorable words , which we cannot keep too prominently before the working classes : — In like manner the legislature intended to allow that the worKnien should meet together , and agree , ami consider , and come to a positive agreement among theinselve 3 on what wages they would work for—what terms they would require for their work —and they were not to be restricted from SO doing merely because many of the workmen were in the employment of one person , and , perhaps , others in the employment of others .
We invite particular attention to the latter part of this most important quotation ; it legalises combination in that large comprehensive sense wo have always contended for , and there is nothing in the conditions within which thiB right is to be exercised which need deter us from its extended application . There is but one thing necessary for the immediate and full enjoyment of this law—for it is law—and that is Onion , and that rational consistent discipline inseparable from it . For the word Union is a misnomer when applied to auy combination where one end is sought to be
obtained by separate and conflicting means . To the members of the National Association we would say , in all operations , confidence in the integrity , and a fair and reasonable submission to tUe judgment of yom Ex&mtire , are absolute essentials to iuture buccbss . If the present Executive , or any other whom you may 6 elect , are found undeserving of so large a deposit , displace them , until you find men in every way , both , by character and intelligence , worthy of being the guardians of , and champions for , your rights . Having discovered them , give them no divided allegiance . Show that you respect them , and your enemies willrc 3 pect them also . The present Executive , with whatever abilities they possess ,
have exercised them faithfully and fearlessly , and have come out of the ordeal of a protracted and important struggle , ib is hoped , with honour and credit to themselves , and with such advantage to the great cause of which they were the exponents and defenders , a will , if the working classes be true to them Belves , tend to the most important consequences . The immense latent power now permitted to be frittered away in isolated acion , or in perpetuating an exploded and injurious policy , if concentrated into one focus , would , if judiciously wielded , rescue labour from its thraldom and effectually checkmate such persons as the Perrys , and others like them whom we are about dealing with , and who seem envious of their honourable
notoriety . The magnitude of this power , and its eficiency for good or evil , seemed p erfectly cognizable by the Lord Chief Justice Campbell , who said : — I nm most anxious that all workmen should have it in their power to get as much as possible for their labour ; but I must confess I look with some alarm upon this general Association sitting m London dictating to masters what they shall pay their men , and levying contributions for the support of such a society all over the country . And he continues : —
That might raise a fund { Hi . per week from the ¦ working classes of England ) as large as the revenue of some of the sovereign states of Europe . Jiwt so—and why not ? Why should not labour for its protection possess revenues as large as any sovereign state , which alone exists , as it appears , for tho aggrandisement of the few , atthe expense of the many , and these the labourers , the proletaires of Europe . And as for the danger which his lordship seems so nervously to apprehend , we could tell his lordship how all danger from this concentrated power and sovereign income might be readily to
averted and made eminently conducive the true national interests . Let his lordship use his legislative position and talents ( of no mean calibre ) with his compeers , to strengthen his fellow subjects , the working classes , against the continued encroachments of capital . Let him promote the repeal of the laws of primogeniture , entail , and mortmain . Let them pass a Sale of Encumbered Estates Bill for England , and cause to be surrendered to the domiuiou of the plough , the parks , warrens , royal chases , &c , which are now devoted to the exclusive use of wild animals and vermin ,
to t ouch which by any but the select few is a high crime and misdemeanour . To such measures as these , and many others which might be enumerated , let there be added a full , free , and ample unsectaviau education of the whole people , at the cost of the state , and the sovereign revenues of the people would have a useful and beneficial application ; the suicidal emigration mania would his most
receive ; i wholesome check ; lordship's anxious wish would be realised : ' the power to tho working classes to get as much as they can for their labour , ' without injustice or danger to any other class of Bociety ; and then would England gradually become , in reality , what she has so long and so arrogantly pretended to be , ' The envy of surrounding nations , and the pride and admiration of the
world . ' This latent power , these in significant pence , if concentrated and partially capitalised , would do away with strikes and all their bad and dangerous consequences , as if by magic , and labour , when allied with the capital revenue of many Sovereign States of Europe , would become respectable , and be elevated to the rank and position of an interest in the state . O h ! how long will the working clauses permit these plain and palpable facts to be fruitlessly reiterated ? How long will they suffer their doubts , fears , prejudices , and apathy to stand between them and their freedom and happiness ? ?
^ _ _ , _ { Ve do hope these Stafford trials , and the important legal decisiouB which they have elicited , will confirm the faith of those who are now connected with the Association , and remove the doubts and prejudices of the thousands whose present perilous position should teach them to look to National Unity as the only available means to snatch them from the impending evil—an ntter and abject surrender of their industrial rights , tother ising fortunes , Bocial and legislatorial , of aspiring capita . Yes , my Lord Camjiell sees with ns plainly , that a thorough sawn of tho working classes , witb . a cosmos % && > weated Vj coa-
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"'would effectuall y achieve the independence of 'conZLff Z ° Venture t 0 P roraise tliat S Z H T 8 Ucllan altered state of things the working closes would rapidly improve in all manly quah Wg that the discord and Strife now S fhy ^ «» P *» te competition between Kh "P" ? ' w <) u 1 J altogether cease , and the relations of employer and employed would be carried on upon principle , of mutual justice , find may , 5 Sp neC 6 S y ' olnmtml respect and ftfoai-If tho unmerited , tho monstrously uniusfc , incarceration of Messrs . Peel and Green , should eventuate in awakening their fellow workmen to a full perception of their position , and begetting in them a manly and unquenchable determination to adopt immediate meaiis for relieving themselves from the yoke ol then- intolerable lontlape . then would anv ^ ° ^ ^^
amount of imprisonmen t be . hailed by them with satisfaction and pride . The Central Committee feel assured that the members of Uio Rational Association , upon a careful review of their past proceedings in connexion with the Wolverhampton Strike , will give them credit , for having maintained the diameter of the Association , and of having been the unshrinking defenders of the rights and privileges of British Industry against one of the most unprincipled and unscrupulous conspiracies of capital erer yet exhibited . r w
The past policy , with such precautionary vigilance as late proceedings have proved necessary , will be the policy of the future . The law is now fixed and determined—the frontier line which separates legality from illegality is distiuctly perceptible , and the Committee will never ahriuk from die very edge of tho precipice , notwithstanding tho well-intentioned , but somewhat ilJogieal , adrice of Mr . Justice Pattesou . Tub Centkal Committee of the National n ™ n , AssOCIA " ° N Of USITEP TltADES . l 2 » v , Totfcenuaui-court-nwU .
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REFORM CONFERENCE AT MANCHESTER . Ou Wednesday a conference of Reformers , attended by delegates from different parts of the country , especially from Lancashire andjorkshire , was held at the Spread Eagle , Manchester j ' to consider wlwt course ought to be taken by tbe friends of Parliamentary reform in consequence of the in * tinmtion made by Lord John Russell , that it Mae tho intention of the government to bring forward a measure of Parliamentary reform in the next session of parliament . The number of gentlemen pregent was ahout 200 , and , among others , we observed Air . Gibson , M . P ., Mr . Cobden , M . P ., Mr . Bright , M . P ., Sir J . Walmsley , M . P ., Mr . J .
Kershaw , M . P ., Mr . J . Williams , M . P ., Mr . G . Thompson , M . P ., Mr . J . B . Smith , W . P ., Mr . W . S . Crawford , M . P ., Mr . L . Heywortb , M . P ., Mr . J . Brotherton , M . P ., Mr . Heywood . M . P ., Air . Duncan Maclaren , Lord Provost of Edinburgh , Mr . B . Ikine ? , Leeds ; Mr . F . Carbutt , lLeeds ; Mr . 11 . Forbes , Bradford ; Mr . H . Ashworth , Bolton ; Mr . Rawson , Manchester ; Mr . J . Simpson , Manchester ; Mr . J . C . Dyer , Manchester ; Mr . J . Pollock , Dr . John Watts , and-Mr . W . P . Roberts . Mr . G . Wilson , chairman of the Parliamentary Reform Association , took the chair . The Chairman having opened tho proceedings ,
Mr . Bright submitted the following resolutions which had been adopted at a preliminary fleeting composed of gentlemen from Yorkshire , Manchester , and its neighbourhood . Air . Bright then read the following resolutions .- — 1 . That this Conference has maturely considered the existing state of the representation ol" the United Kingdom , and has deliberated upou the changes which are required to satisfy the just and moderate expectations of the people , and to render the House of Cowmuus , in conformity With the Spirit of the constitution , a fair representation of the property , tho industry , and the intelligtace of the nation .
2 . That with regard to the franchise , this Conference Is of opinion , tu ; tt the Tight of voting should \> e widely ex . tended , and that the franchise should he made more simple , wiih a "view to the easy formation of an honest register of electors ; and it recommends that the elective franchise be based upon occupation and liability to tlm r « orratc , with such limitation as to period of residence us shall he necessary to aft ' ord a guarantee that the occupation is bonafide . In addition , the Conference would urge the extension of the Ms . franchise ami its extension to the OWnei'S Of property iU the United Kingdom of that annual value , whether derived from freehold , copyhold , or leasehold tenures —( clietrs)—with a view to open a way to the right of voting to many , who , from various causes would not be iu ihe direct occupation of premises iated to the relief of the poor , but whose claim to the franchise , from industry , character , and station is undoubted . Tho whulu constituency of the United Kingdom would thus consist of occupiers rated to the relief of the poor , and of the owners of property , freehold , copyhold , and leasehold , of the annual value of 403 .
3 . That this Conference is of opinion that no extension of the franchise will make the House of Commons u fair representation of the nation without a very considerable change in the distribution of the electoral power ; and it , therefore , strongly urges—That , wheie practicable and convenient , small and neighbouring boroughs be united anil form one borough . 1 ' hat , where such union is not practicable , small boroughs cease to return members , and that their exiting constituencies merge iu the constituency of the country iu which they are situate . That corresponding to the extent to which small boroughs shall be united , or shall cense to return members to Parliament , new boroughs be created from the populous towns now unrepresented , and that additional members be conferred on thb metropolitan ai : d other h ' rst class boroughs in the United Kingdom .
A guiding principle in the changes here recommended should be , that hereafter no small constituencies should exist , and that no constituency should consist of fewer than 5 , 1100 electors . 4 . That this Conference is of opinion that the adoption of the ballot is ivvdispensaWe to an honest representation ; that it would make the convictions of the electors , rather than his personal interests and fears , tbe leading motive in the exercise ef hi 3 franchise ; that it vmuld repress the demoralising practices so humiliating to candidates and so degrading to electors which seem almost inseparable from a canvass ; and that it would aid most eft ' ectuully in preventing the turbulence and riot ¦ with which elections have hitherto been too often attended .
a . That this Conference is ot opinion that the present legal duration of parliaments is much too extended to secure to constituencies a proper control over their represi-ntatives , and would strongly urge the repeal of the Septennial Act and the limitation of the duration of parliaments , in accordance with ancient precedent j to a period u ( 4 exceeding three years , fl . That this Conference entirely concurs in the view expressed by the Prime Minister during the last session of parliament , that the property qualification for members of parliament ought to be abolished . 7 . That iii the propositions agreed to , and now submitted to the consideration of tUe country aniUhe government , this Conference has been anxious to adhere to the ancient landmarks of our representative system , and within their limit * to introduce such changes only as experience has shown to be wise , and so to widen tUe basis Of the representation as to satiety the just expectations ot a people improving in industry , in comfort , iu education , in morals , and in the appreciation of their public duties
anJ public riff its . -- ~ Hr . liKiGHi ^ tiien proceet | c ( rrEveryuouy"fclt that the £ 10 franchise was merely a halting place , and that it never was based on any principle that could be logically and permanently defended . He believed that every person who had considered the question , and was really wishful to huve Parliamentary reform , was prepared to go as far as household suffrage at least . ( Applause . ) Jfo ono supposed there could be any danger in going to the extent of iv fraiichise on the basis of a poor-rate , because it wa 3 the basis of the parochial franchise , the municipal franchise , the Poor-law union franchise ; and DO one GVer supposed for a moment that there was any danger in admitting all those , all over the country , who had been permitted to enjoy these various franchises . It must be borne
in mind that after giving a rute franchise they could limit it to a very largs extent by having a six-months' resilience , or twelve months , or two years , or three years ; but tho move they went in that direction , tbe more they would be holding out a great grant to the people , and at the sarae time keeping out a very large portion of them ; in point of fact , destroying to a very large extent the satisfactiou with which the grant would bo received by the people . { Hear , hear . ) Tbey knew wnnt had been the result of a three years' qualification in another country ; and it was the faCD , aiso , that a three years' municipal qualification had the effect in M :. ncbester of making the municipal franchise actually less than the Parliamenary franchise of the borough . ( Hear . ) They must make a limitation
of the franchise as to re 9 idlni ( j on one of these two principles—either becaugfelfcey wanted to ascertain the actual residence of tifielfelector , or becauso they wanted to curtail . tbrhumber of electors . The first principle wa \ nfy ' rfectiy valid , but with regard to the second , tUy * oulti be acUflg . very unwisely to carry out a limitntion ^ pn j * h a principle . ( Hear , hear . ) They w&e ^ r / fbat at present a person was not placed | n | h <} Sectoral register unless he had paid his rnfes up to six months before the day on which tbe registrar was made out . iie thought the 40 s . freehold should be extended to tne whole of the United Kingdom , and include both leasehold and copyhold , because in some cases copyholds obtained very extensively , andm Lancashire leasehold was almost universal . _ As to the
ballot it had been more warmly received than any other proposition he had to make to the meeting . There were in that room assembled a numher ol persons , employing a greater aggregate number of workmen than perhaps ever were assembled before , and they were prepared to give to the population in which thpy resided—one which theoretic statesmen thought not the most safe—the elective franchise : and if they give them the ballot it would be an earnest to the people of their sincere desire to give them tho full enjoyment of that franchise , without fear or favour , and without any control whatever on the part of those hv whom tuev were emoloved . ( Loud applause . )
A fresh distribution of the electoral districts was imperatively necessary , because , if such borougha as St . Albaa ' a and Ilarwicii vrere to have household suffrage , instead of the £ 10 suffrage , and Manchester and Liverpool were still to huve only an equal number of members "ffUU * & *»> Wi
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noth ^ n Jr WHM the people would not be in the fait advanced . With recfrd to the tltZ ° L / Iiam 4 ?> if ihe flowtSw did ta f * vou ^ f tbe l f T Which the P « ° Ple wre m favour of and whicfc was in practice 150 years gowt would be bctrnot t 0 mak 8 J » « L -j ( - ' hear-I IIe had Siven very much consideration to this location in every shap " for withwho » ° v patS pUentIomen i" Manchester with whom ho had beefc connoetod on the subject i « ffi 0 TCr lti : e « S >' . ^ » M » o » re seldom expended on politicalTuestions , and they had die-YnrUhi . n , re 3 Olufc ! 0 ! ™ tl » a deputation from n , ? h . ? i ? * " ?™ unaI » W WM regard to then ., lie therefore laid them before the present meetm'tS' f ? ° fr - i- hat t ! - ey m 5 S H have something pi actionl for then- discussion . ( Hear , hear . 1 Sic i . WiiMSLnr requested Mr . Bright to ex-^ Kt ^ yjiM' *** liabmty tc
him « if , . . * . lie thou * U he liad "Passed himself clearly . . The question of liability to poorrate was simply liability to poor-rate ; that a poorrate collector mi ght go and say to a ppnv-Nite elector , \ ou arc down upon my rate-book and you must pay that rate . " The question of payment of the rate being made six months befuie the registry was made out , and had been fliotwht hi the preliminary meeting should be left open " for future discussion in the country , in the Cabinet , and in the House of Commons .
Su- J . Walmsley said the answer his hon . friend had given him was most unsatisfactory , if a scheme was to be propounded to the country , it must be one that should state clearly to the industrial classes whether tbey were or were not to have a vote before they paid their rates , Mi-. Kbbsiuw , M . P ., seconded the resolution . ai
-r . ^ oxTs , 01 lirlghlou , WHO " said he attended the meeting as president of the local Reform-Association , thought thoro was only one redeeming feature in the proposition before the tntcting , : \ m \ that was the ballot . He objected to nny measure of reform short of the principles adopted by the National Parliamentary Kcform Association , being placed before t » e country for agitation . Mr . Alderman Cabbutt , of Leeds , said , be had called a meeting of delegates from Yfirious parts of the riding . The points of difference had been reduced to one . That point was " What should be the limitation of tho franchise ? " At . t \ m nnnfn .
rence held in Manchester about ten days ago , . Mr Bright stated that a limitation of six months was thought to be satisfactory to himself and friends The views taken by some of the gentlemen who attended from Yorkshire were , that it was going further than eithor they worolikely to obtain or perhaps they were warranted in going . Thoy were willing to go to the extent of the municipal franchise , which would have the etiect of increasing the number of electors threefold . They were almost unanimous in recommending the insertion of a twelvemonth's qualification instead of six months . A great majority in favour of a twelvemonth ' s residence had also been obtained at a recent meeting in Leeds . With the exception of these points he entirely concurred with Xhe resolution submitted to them .
Mr . G . Thompson , M . P ., explained himself as opposed to tUe resolution having reference to the electoral franchise . He contended for the right of every man of sound mind and of full age to the possession of a vote , and ho regretted that Mr . Bright should have been led to propose a measure different from that which had been agreed upon on a former occasion at the Free Trade Club , nnil submitted to parliament by Mr . Hume . He would propose that in lieu of Mr . Bright ' s description of the elective franchise there should be inserted the precise words of Mr . Humo ' s motion in parliament . ( Hear . ) If this motion -was carried there would be little difference of opinion on the subject out of doors . ( Hear . ) Mr . Bright spoke of settling this question of organic change , but such a SCheifiO as he had produced would not settle it for a day , nay , not for an hour . ( Hear , hear . ) No doubt , in constructing a measure of reform , they must draw the lino somewhere —( hear , hear , )—but let it not be
done on a narrow and stringent basis . He deprecated a partial measure more than the postponement of reform for year 3 to come . ( Hoar , hear . ) They were about to put a brand of disgrace on a number of their fellowmon who were omitted in the scheme . ( " No , no . " ) Did they not , in proportion as they swelled the number ' of those who enjoyed the privilege of voting , in tho precise proportion , deepen the disgrace of those who were left out . ( " No , no ; " and a cry of" Why not the women ? " Laughter . ) Nile thought they might , as Mr . Bright proposed with regard to those who were excluded , leave the women to posterity . ( Laughter . ) It was at the peril of their honour if they departed from tho principles laid down in parliament by Air . Humo , and he was certain that throughout the country nothing would give satisfaction but a very largo extension of the suffrage . Mr , Thompson theu moved that the wovds included in Mr . Hume ' s motion in parliament should be inserted in the resolutions .
Mr . Bright maintained that ihe resolution now in his hands Vfcnt further than that proposed bv Mr . Hume , ' Mr . Hey worth , M . P ., contended that the possession of property gave the right to it vote , and , as every man who laboured hail property , therefore all sucli were entitled to the privilege of voting . If they wanted a firm and solid government , and not such a state of things as was now going on in another country , they " would give tho suffrage to every man who paid taxes , and ho r . sked if there were no taxes but rates in this country ? Mr . M'Lakbn , Lord Provost of Edinburgh , entirely approved of the resolutions .
Mr . Si OKAffFOKD , M . I : ' ., said he shou \ d not oppose tho views of his hon . friend , though they fell short of those principles which he had pledged himself to contend for , both in P .-irliamentand outof it . ( Hear . ) 23 ufc lie should not bo precluded in Parliament from bringing forward tliosu propositions which ho thought fit . He did not object to the principle of instalment , but he wished the people to take care that , at the outset , they did not ask too little , so that when they had obtained a portion of what they asked for they should not , if they began to press for more , have it thrown in their teeth that they had obtained all they at first dcmaudeil . Mr . E . Baixks , of Leeds , agreed with nearly all the propositions .
Mr . Thompson said ho intended to press an amendment , which was to include , in the place of the words proposed by Mr , Bright with reference to tho elective qualifications , the following wovda : — "The occupation of a tenement , or a portion of a tenement , for which a claim shall have been made to be rated for the relief of the poor . " ( " No , no !" . and cheers . ) A desu ltory conversation hero took place as to the eftVct of Uw two yvopositiovis before tho meeting , in the course of which Mr . Bright expressed his astonishment at tho evident attempt which was made to lead to the inference that lie and his friends were departing from tho ancient feeling on the subject of lteform . Mr . Thompson indignantly denied having made any unworthy imputations , and was met with loud cries of "Chair , chair , " and "Sit down . "
Mr . Forbes said , the hon . member for the Tower Hamlets ami Sir J . Walmsley did not seem to understand Lancashire and Yorkshiremen . ( Cheers . ) And he would say , in addition , that much harm had been done by tho letter which the hon . baronet ( Sir J . Walmsley ) hnd addressed to the electors of Bradford . ( " Hoar , " and " Order . " ) Considerable confusion here prevailed . Mr . G . Thompson rose , but was again received with disapprobation . lie was not a Lancashire man , but he was an Englishman , and no one should prevent him defending himself from imputations cast upon him . If Mr . Bright charged him with having any wrong intention in what ho had addressed to the meeting he insisted on his right to deny the imputation , Sir J . Walmsloy said ho had no wish to do anything that would disturb the harmony of the meeting , but at the proper time ho was pre pared to defend tho course be had taken in the case of Bradford .
Mr . Greene , of Leeds , moved another amendment , to the effect that tho qualification should be " all who have been residents in a house or part of a hou 3 e rated , or liable to bo rated to the poor for six months . " ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . HzTwooD . M . P ., thought that in any now arrangement that took place , East Lancashire should be erected into a separate county with two members . He was in favour of five years parliaments rather than three ; and , though , not prepared to go the whole length of the resolutions proposed by Mr . Bright , bo must say ho was prepared to go a long way in extending the suffrage . Mi . Cobdb . v supported Mr . Bright ' s viewa , and disavowed any estrangement from the gentlemen who had been working those questions outof doors . After some further discussion a vote was feake » when Mr . Thompson ' s amendment received se ? ea or eight votes .
The original resolutions were then put , and carried , unanimously . Mr . Kkrsuaw , M . P ., moved—" Thai ade-p » tation be appointed to wait on Lord John Russell for the purpose of pressing upon him the importance of granting a large and comprehensive measure of reform . " The resolutiwi was carried unanimously .. The conference broke up at half-past four o " clook . There was a larpe and crowded meeting of the Reformevs assembled in the emiag at tbo Free Trade-hali * They were addressed by Mr . Cobden , Mr . Bright ,, and Mr . Gibson , and the resolutions adopted a . t th © morning conference were proposed a'ad eatihusiastically adopted .
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Tl » " Republic" of iBourges states that four aw 6 Bt 9 have taken phee at St . Satur , for affiliate ia sssret societies .
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CENTRAL CO . OPEllATlY fi AGESC * . On Thursday evening , Mr . G . D . iwson delivered a lecture at St . Martin 8 Hall , Long-acro , in furtherance Of tho principles SOUght to be carried out by the Co-operative Associations . Tiie lecturer drew a vivid picture of tho many disadvantages arising from tho present system of retail trade , and proceeded to _ argue that the only true remedy was to be found in a right and timely appiicatiou of capital , skill , and experience to the establishment of the principle of Co-operative Agency . The objects of the associations were to counteract ; the practices of adulteration and fraud now prevailing in trade , to act as agents for the consumers in making their purchases , and for tho producers in soiling their produce ; and to find employment for tiie disciples g ^^ ========= gs ===--
of the Co-operative System , by tho collection of orders through a regular channel . Mr . Dawson contended that this Co-operative A « eney was deserving of public support , because it was ihe most effectual means which had tver been devised for giving the working classes the benefit of their labour . He argued moreover that it was impossible that Christianity , which was so much vaunted in this country , could be kept up amongst the people unless a true spirit of brothcrhood ~ werc ostablished upon tho principle that iue » should labour together for tbo general advantage of ail , After Dwelling with much argumentative skill upon tho oss of money sustained by the people in tliuir dealings with retail tradesmen , Mr , Pawson concluded a . very able lecture by pointing out tho numerous
benefits which would accrue from Co-optvative establishments if properly organised , and he earnestly called upon all present to support him and the friemla of theso associations in tli 0 view they had taken of this important subject . Tho lecturer was followed by Mr . Lloyd Jones , who addressed the audience to a similar efftct , and stated that the sjstem of Co-operative Agency was already gaining ground ia various parts of England —a fact which had come to his knowledge from personal observation , having , he said , travelled about the country for the purpose of extewlvritY t \ le progress of such associations . There were some hundreds of those establishments in existence , and they were all proceeding in their operations most successfully and satisfactorily .
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court , on Tuesday Ja ;| t , Bartholomew Rodney Symons , an intelligent l pd , about sixteen years of . igc , was placed at tihe bur before Alderman Cubitt , charged on suspicion with entering th » premises of No . 12 , Rj : d Lion-court , Fleet-sirect , and stealing therefrom two parcels of books , and Si . in money , tho property ! of Mr . Mitchell , the publisher . —Mr . Charles Mjitche ' l stated , thai on coming to town he received in formation from his clerk to the effect that the ucemises had been entered in the nighti He discovered foot-marks on the parcels in the warehofase awjfojiriated for tbe reception ot publications ^ an ^ ll / ffir editorial notice in the provincial panemVwliich induced him to believe that an entry % ad beerw-tfffected by the window at the l .-ir-ir nf the warilwmsc f : ip . in < r thp . uvMipr nftrt . nf t . hft & ¦ iv vt V ¦ w ad VI
^**^^* u m v * ^* V *— ^ m ^ B * * **^ a ' ** ** ^ Tr M ^^ back premises cac&vied b y the prisoner ' s mother , and which wasflilly accessible by the w ilUl 0 W OPpO site that in the vwreliouse . From the marks it was apparent that the . intruder had no boots on . Witness locked the till ' on the previous evening at eight o clock , having taken out all the money but Si . j ' . and in the rooming the money was gone , the till still remained locked , and the key in its proper place of concealment . Witness missed two parcels of books containing each two volumes of the " Standard Library , " but could not tell of any others at present , having many thousands of books in the warehouse and disbributed over the country , of which it was impossible to keep any record . —IJaniel
May said , from Vihat thft last witness had informed him , he visited No . 13 , Red Lion-court , where prisoner lived , and essmined tbe first floor back room , which OTerlookeu theprosteiator ' s warehouse , and found , the table cover marked with dirt that appeared to have been recently done ; there were also marks ot some person having passed in out of the window ,, and the dirt on the cover was of the same description as th » t on the parcels in the warehouse . Witness examined prisoner's feet , which exhibited every appearance » f his having been recently walking about without shoes . —The prisoner was remanded .
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THE PROTESTANT ALLIANCE . Tbe first general meeting of the members and friends of the new organisation thus entitled W £ 8 held on Friday * Not . 28 th , at Freemasous' Hall , " ( ot the purpose of adopting ^ solutions touching the ? apal persecutions on the continent , and for p etikionmg both Houses of Parliament for the repeal of the Maynooth Endowment kct . " The Ear ) of Shafte&tewy presided , and resolutions , in accor-Gtanc . e with tbe objects of the meeting and the establishment of a tract propaganda on the continent , jtsreiftasfcoffiea .
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LATEST POBBION JfJBWS . n FRANCE . Pahh , Thursdny .-Sevei-al barricades were erected to-day j different parts of Pari * , but the Zt < ° i ! 10 «« at the Porto S . Penis , v \ t hrl 8 BT lerard s- Tlli 8 ™ attacked at half ! force w ? fh U"S : l { te * no ° " bi- n strong military Si-Ab » , T '/ ltld ilfter «« pcr . iio fighting t \« If , a Atl \ forioade , about ic ami behind runtS Worn cf ""* h ° * OCCIipiOll bv tl ) O illDUr . £ nt o ? LtS ; 55 ^ , ^ \* . th ° SBS sa ^ aaa martra to the Porte St . DctU . nibgZ , ™ * their windows completel y smashed . . Many nro shattered by cannon . The whole of the gendarmerie wobile , the Pompiers , and several vegiwnts of the garrison , have already voted for Louis Napoleon . Thero was a fight in tho streets from mid-day until five o ' clock in tho Quarter St . Martin am * St . Denis , in which tho troops of the usurper were victorious . _
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" ¦»¦ ' CUS'iOMS REFORM . On Wednesday a public milling of merchants hankers , and traders in the City of London , iii favour of lteform ol ihe Customs , was held at the London Tavern , at two o ' clock . The large room was completely filled . Mr . Masterman , M . P ,, in the chair . The report of the Committee having been read and adopted , resolutions were passed , calling upon the commercial and shipping interests to glv « their supuon to this ot'jrct , condemning , as unjust , the proceedings instituted by the Customs' against the London and St . KBtherine Dock Companies ; that a deputation wait upnn the Prime Minister , and , thanking the Select Committee on Customs' Reform for their exertions , to accomplish the objects of the meeting .
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He advanced money to small farmers and landholders , for the purohase of seed and fond , and , in no single instance , had there been default in repayment . He has now tailors , ehoemakei-3 , smith ' s , cirpenters . and wheelwrights , employed nmongstthe men ; and dressmakers , stockin < r-knittcs , laco and crochet workers , < tc , Ac , . "itnonjst the females . No overseer is employed . The people have been taught industrious and cleanly habits . Tho small apportionment of Sd , a-week for caeh member of a family has heen found sufficient . Tlift people get plenty of wholesome food , and enjoy perfont health . A sum over £ 1 , 000 has passed through his hands this year , in carrying out this system ; and now ,
with Jill his henrk and soul , he ia determined to dfivoto himflolf to the culture and preparation of fl » x . lie experienced difficulties attending the first introduction of the plant , but now there are 150 acres sown with flax in hia parish . The most positive proof of the good which has resulted from these stirring deeds is to be found in the fact , that there is not one deserted fcvm in tfie parish of 12 , 000 acres , anil that the poor rates are but one shilling in the pound . Such a precedent must have the beat effect , as if the clergy nnd gentry soncrally of the country would act up the CSfimple IHus set ttiem , ihe crj- of destitution and misery would aoon be stilled , and comfort and competene again bless tho country . —Banner of Ulster .
Jcbilbe of Tire Gkkman Luthkhvh Church is London —On Sunday morning the Jubilee of the establishment of the Germnn Lutheran Church in London was celebrated at the chwvch in the precinct of the Savoy , the first germnn mission in London having been established there fifty year ? ago by the present minister , the Rev . Dr . Steinkopff . The ¦ building on the occasion was very beautifully ornamented with laurels , evergreens , &o . The congregation waa very numerous , and among 9 f . othor ' distinguished persons present were the Duchess of Orleans , the Prussian Minister , &o . The sermon was preached by the Rev . Dr . Steinkopff ; after wMch the congregation wag addressed on tbo sMa nf tho church by tho RevOTtmite Dr .-Capped ) , Dr . Tiarlco , I ) r . Wallbaum , Dr . Kuper , and Dr . Schaull , the ministers of the principal German churches in London .
The New Postal A khan-cements . — The arrangements for the compulsory prepayment , by stamps , of the postage of all inland letters posted in the provinces , have now been in operation one month , and no serious difficulty appears to have . arisen to prevent their continuance , ov thoiv ultimate extension to the metropolis . The prepayment of postage on inland letters by stamps In the provineoa . will most materially diminish the expense and labour of keeping the post-office accounts , andwill doubtless be preliminary to the prepayment by such means of all kinds of letters in all parts of the kingdom . A 3 a matter of course tho diminution o £ labour by the now ammgernents , as far as keeping the post-office accounts ia concerned , has been
counfcprbaJanced in somo degree by tho additional labour thrown upon the provincial post-offices by the inoraased sale of postage stamps , especially a " a a larjre portion of the public , Those correspondence is not extensive , cannot be induced to purchase more than single postage stamps at one time , and an important question has arisen whether tho posfcoffico labour arising from tho increased sale of stamps could be by any means reduced . The commission allowed to post-office keepers , and subdistributors of stamps , on tho sale of postaga stamps , is about one per cent . Licensed venders of stamps , who are supplied by tbe sub-distributor ? , rofuse , generally speaking , to sell postage stamps , becauso thov tin * allowed no commission on them .
AMoat the Yfhole of tho labour arising from tho salo of postage sfampa is thrown , at the present time , on the post-office dep \ rtment , because thero is scarcely any other place where they can ho obtained , nnd perhaps it is aa economical to let tho burden rest on tbe post-office , as to allow a remunerative commission to the licensed stamp venders . But there are a very large number of persons in the country who would voluntarily undertake tho * alo of postage stamps , without any remuneration , if permitted by the stamp-office to do so . Thus , for instailCD , almost ftll hotel keepers , would willingly sell postage stamps to their customers . Afc the present time they do not daro sell half a dozen stamps to a commercial traveller stopping and
writing letters at hotels , for fear of penalties to which they would be liable as unlicensed stamp venders . A large number of petty shopkeepers would also gladly sell postage stamps without any commission , for the sake of drawing customers , It must bo remembered that there is no fee charged for a license to sell stamps , so that a licensed stamp vender is subjected to no expense , and hotel and shopkeepers are generally under the supervision of the inland revenue officers , who could effectually prevent forged postage stamps from being circulated . By allowing certain classes of persons throughout the country to vend postage stamp ? , trreat accommodation would ho afforded to tho public , and diminish most materially tiie expense and labour of the post-office department .
The " Times NEVfsrArKU , —A public mooting was held at tho Public Offiee , Birmingham , on ^ fonday , when it was resolvod— " That every individual attending this meeting pledges himself on no occasion or pretence ' rhatever to purchase a cony o £ the " Times , " or to advertise therein . Ax Exemplary Clergyman . —The Rev . William Townsend , rector of Agliada , a remote village in the County of Cork , having undertaken a journey to Belfast , for tho purpose of learning tho most ap-> roved modes of the cultivation and management of flax , so aa to be enabled to impart instruction to tha farmers in his parish , some of the incidents in tho rev . gentleman ' s experience , since the commencement of the famine years , may be profitably
alluded to . Ho first discarded eleemosynary aid , save to the sick . His chief means Of giving employment were tho drainage of land . By means of the capital placed in his hands by the benevolent , he has effected the drainage and re . clamation of one hundred and sixteen statute acres . None of this capital wa 3 los . t ; every penny found its way baok , to be again usefully employed . He has now at command a floating capital of £ 700 . Highway Robbery . —BmotovDec . J . —A daring highway robbery , attended with considerable violence , was perpetrated on Saturday evening a Keynsham , near this city . As Mr . Samuel Parker
of Lodge Farm , was returning home ,, when close to his own residence , he was suddenly , set upon bv three fellows , armed with big sticky who knocked : him to-the groubg , beat him till he was insensible , and then decamped , having pluaAesed him of three sovereigns and a half and some silver . Mr . Parker managed to give the alarm . An immediate pursuit was made , and three men , naiaed "William derrick , John Neal , and Stephen Neal , were taken into custody and carried before Mr . Meynors , one- of the magistrates for the county of Somerset , who has remanded them for further inquiry , aaiWk reason ; o believe they are concerned in many oihor daring highway robberies with Violerce which have lately occurred
. TllB MISBR 5 AKB SkAMBS ' 9 Socm ? . —At a meeting held on Monday last at Mr . Judo ' s , Drurylane , 'Newcastle . on-Tyne , resolutions were adopted , calling upon the miners and seamen of the United Kingdom to take etepfl to ensure » better protection for their lives , to enforce on the Legislature the necessity of a more efficient inspection of ships and mines , and requesting both miners and aeamen to appoint delegates to attend a Conference to be held at Hull , at Mr . J . H . Oliver , 1 , Nilestreet , on the 8 th inst . Grrat Wbster . v Railwat . —This oompany have just determined on extending the system of return day tickets on their liao to tho conveyance of horaeB .
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MAXCHESTEEAND SALFOKD EDUCATION BJLL . A . g reat meeting of the advocates of the local or clerical scheme of education fcr Manchester a » sl Salford was held in the Free Trade-halJ , Manchester , on Tuesday evening ; Mr . W . Estwia ; e occupied the chair . Among the speakers were—the Lord Bishop of Manchester , the Rev . Hash Stowe'I , Alderman Shuttlenortb , tbe Rev . Canon Clifton , and man ; other clergymen and dissenting ministers . The following resolutions were adopted : — That this meeting grattfuUy concurs in the desire pub liciy expressed by Her Most Gracious . Majesty that the JOUth of these Mugdoms should be r « % ioaslT brought up , and that the rights if conscious should be respected .
Ibatitisexpedienttoprovide , bylegisladi-e enactment , ior the free education of all the children iu this district , pynjesns of local rates , such rates to he administered by local authorities . That the rates so levied ought to be applied in support of <^ tuig schools affording religious and secular instruction , andof similar schools to be he , eaiie . - « - «« ed bv volmiarv Iioeraltty ; . andalE < nutWc 5 io 0 tf sffiwSSdS titate districts . That in the case of schools not receiving Parliamentary aid , and not publicly rccognsied as affordiuL' relMuusinstructton . promioushonldhe ttaJe ior ti ^ ailyTusffuctioa ofthechiHrenia thelloly Serip . Ure = That to all cases the right of the j . arent to select the gace where ha £ hiHren shall be tlnLrt , and taTexercpt them from any distinctive religious teachine to which he AsHconsdoud , orgect , uuBth , suaSSSSf
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PADIlliJI . —Important Discussion oif Co-OPKKAtion . —On Friday and Saturday , the 23 th and 2 i ) ih ult ., the anxious looked-for discussion between Mr . Lloyd Jones and Mr . Ernest Jones , took place in the Co-operative Factory of this town , when Mr . Ernest Jones undertook to vindicate the following propositions : Co-operation—the errors of of tho present movement ; showing that it carries within it the germs of dissolution—would inflict a renewed evil on the masses of the people , and is essentially destructive to the real principles of Co-operation . Instead of abrogating
prontraongenn" , it re-createa it—instead of counteracting competition , it re-estahlishos it—instead of preventing centralisation , it renews it , —merely transferring the role from one set of actora to another . Mr . J . Hall occupied the chair on behalf of Mr . Lloyd Jones ; and the veteran Chartist , Mr . Thomas Tattersall , of Barnsley , on behalf of Mr . Ernest Jones . At the conclusion of the second night ' s debate , thc ^ questton at issue was submitted to the decision of the audience , when nearly every hand in the meeting was held up in favour of Ernest Jones , having proved the affirmative of the Move propoaitiQiis . —li . Tilling , Secretary .
Lord Joun Husskll ' s Reform Bill of 1852 . The rumours continue to be quite aa contradictory as ever . One report is , that the new Reform Bill will not be so much an extension of tho suffrago aa a granting of new members to certain towns and districts not represented at present . Another is that the Parliamentary Reform party has promised to support Lord John Russell ' s Reform Bill , provided it goes the length of household suffrage . Tho latest rumour is , that the ministerial programme will emboby a large scheme of financial reform . Taking into account the very great reduction in the price of commodities , Sir Charles Wood is to
announce the-intention of government to eiFecta very large reduction in the expenditure , in some departments to the extent of tffentv-five per cent . The saving thus effected will ho devoted to tho reduction of the tea duty , tho paper and tho advertisement duties , and other taxes on articles of general consumption , with a view to give an impulse to trade , and reduce the cost of living still further . As for the Income Tax its renewal for threo years will be proposed , with several considerable ohanges in the mode of assessment , the result of which will be to relievo tho trading and professional classes , but to reduce the rate at which persons are liable to all incomes above £ 50 .
Pulses Albert s Bibth-plack . —The tableau of p lastic work , extending about eighteen feet in front , and tun i ' eet wide , and representing a rural fete at a suburban chateau belonging to tiie Duke of Saxe Coburg Gotha , the birtb-placc of l'rince Albert , and the residence of her Majesty the Queen Victoria when on her viait to tho JDulCo , exhibited at the Crystal Palace , in the Prussian department , No . SIM , was on Friday sold by auction , in Leadenhall-strcet , by order of tho Z dlverein committee . The tableau , that will be well remembered from its being ooe of the general attractions iu the Exhibition , contains about ± 00 moveable figures grouped
in dances , banns of music , and festivo parties , all set in motion by much complicated machinery , tho cost in the construction , as authoritatively asserted , being more that £ 800 , subscribed by an association of Manufacturers at Sonnenberg Duchy of S : ixo Coburg Goiha . The object , it is stated , was to present it to Prince Alboit , who however declined it , but proffered to purchase it on a price being named . From some cause , not explained , the model fete remained with the Zollvoroin committee , who , since the closing of tho Great Exhibition , obtained its passing the customs at the low estimate of £ 7 10 s . Afc the sale- on Friday , it was sold for the comparatively trifling sum of £ 20 ,
Gakdes Walls of Qla's . —Till Sir Josoph Paxton proposed his Crystal Palucc , little had been done in the application of glass to garden structures beyond what had been in practice for half a century . 'J ' repeal of tlio excise duties had enormously increased the consumption of glaBa , and had caused its quality to be materially improved , but had led to ho novelty of application . Tho combination of wood and iron , which was so happily hit upon in Hyde-park , has , however , now suggested to Mr . Charles Ewing , gardener to O . F . Meyrick , Esq ., of Uodorgan , in Anglese ; i , the idea of constructing
garden walls also of glass and iron only . The plan is to have iron uprights firmly fixed into the ground , and faced with glass on both sides , the space between the two faces being occupied by trees planted and trained in tbe usual way . The glass . 'a all moveable , so that perfeot ventilation , as well as perfect aliolter , is secured . This novel mode of construction seenis likely to cause a complete revolution , in tbe manner of managing plants under glass , provided , as we understand to be the case , the price at which the glass walU can ho put up is less than that of common brick walls . — Garde » era Chronicle . ?— -Gffctfttm oHiuuujAHi . —Al Ihe tfuiidnall i'oitCe
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W on of PMMmUftL .. _ . * THB NOBTWttlB a ^ ff ION ri iTI — - , _ — *_
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 6, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1655/page/5/
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