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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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. DTTErS R ° AMPHITHEATRE . nMf t ^ yfbom amore spirited caterer for * ' ^ 5 c " amusement does not exist , is enjoying a t * " ritei » od le ff itiinate triumph at that famous f& ( the million—Astley ' s—with , his new and jtsort" gjppodraraatic spectacle ol A : ael , which ??•*? the most complete and gorgeous pro-Sf J . ^ of modern times , and one which bids ^ m ecl'Pse even tha * P ateat f * v"B « te with { & nhlic , - Wj-W * whicn beRrs as many rel&e - ? tjOns , and achieves world-famed popularity . 15 rfr » i" * ^ at Drury Lane P ^ ewed great 5 te but i » cked effect ' SaTe in ihe one I « at Temp « ae Tne J ; arf of Aslle J ' nas all the merit , P ,-L ,, v more , of the original , wedded to those » T . « nbtainaUe only within the purlieus of this
t estol ) l « - hmunt—wherenotl " . S ia wanting which ^ . iand liberality can supply in acting , dressing , Prefects , and mounting , to render the produc-? Tterfec its way as a vigorous and instructive i < f ' of the most unobjectionable character and , Mirable vehicle for glittering display . Asael Sea'd reaUy be witnessed by all . The educated je j will be delighted -with tiie historical truthfu - , or the detail , and the uneducated equally so g , the brilliancy of the coup d ' ceil , will seek to vifli inore ; whilst from the great moral lesson Shi , «« - v chlld Wltnin the Jin » its of the meiro-IjiS should be taken to see Azael at Aatley ' s .
DRUM LAXE TIIEATRE . Mr . Cnnn conunues to make the most strenuous exertions to ° Pen our fine o ! d national theatre with every possible effect , on the 2 Cth inst . Not only is | lbs Christmas pantomime in full preparation , " but i £ Ter necessary step has been taken for the succesflon of novelties on the most extensive scale . We I jearthat Mr . Bonn ' s arrangements will include e ? erj branch of the profession , and in the meantime we look forward with very considerable interest to the forthcoming programme of the season , in the result of which all lovers of the English ttacetakc so ' my lively a concern .
ADELPHI THEATRE . T he return of Mr . Wright , after his long absence jom the boards of this theatre , whi A his drollery iis £ 0 often filled with mirth-loving crowds , is a veritable triumph . His indisposition had created ^ formidable gap in the company , and when he appeared on Monday nijjht in the character of Paul fjv , the greeting which be received had in it something of the character of friendship as well as of The
oere applause . public really likes a man who t&smade it laugh so often and ao heartily as Mr . tfrif lit . His first line , " I hope I don't intrude , " eomino' in after the first burst of approbation , was » signal for renewal of the applause , as . if the notion of Wwght beinjj an intruder was to be repudiated at any expenditure of pulmonary force . As for Jlr . Wright's condition , he ia as irresistibly droll , and seems to be as well as ever , his indisposiiofl answering' the purpose of a new lease .
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COURT OF QUEEX'S BENCH , DUBLIN . Tuesday . isxE Popping v . Frederick Lucas , Proprietor or the " Tablet" Kewspapeb . —Acnos against jhe " Tablet" for Libel . This was an action brought againBt the defendant for a libel inserted in bis newspaper on tbe 30 th of Angnst , and purporting to be a letter from Clonard bearJDgdate the 25 th of August , and eiglied "A Tenant-Righter . " The libel attributed to the plaintiff that she was an exterminator of her tenantry . The damages were laid at £ 5 , 000 , and the defendant pleaded a special plea , under Lord Campbell ' s let , that the article was inserted without malice and without gross negligence , and that as soon ss was possible after action brought he inserted a full and ample apology in bis newspaper , and had also lodged £ 25 in court . The jury gave a verdict for the plaintiff , with £ -350 damages and costs .
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PREVENTIVE AXD REFORMATORY SCHOOLS . A Conference is to be held at Birmingham , oa Wednesday next , for the following objects : A consideration of the condition and treatment of the " perishing and dangerous classes" of children ard juvenile offenders , with a view of procuring sneh legislative enactments as may produce a beneficial change in their actual condition and their
prospects . The children whose condition requires the notice of tbe Conference , are" First , Those who have not yet subjected themselves to the grasp of the law , but who , by reason of the vice , neglect , or extreme poverty of their parents , are inadmissible to the existing school establishments , and , consequently , must grow up without any education ; almost inevitably forming part of the " perishing and dangerous classes , " and nltitnately becoming criminal . 11 Secondly , Those who are already subjecting themselves to police interference , by vagrancy , mendicancy , or petty infringement of the law . " Thirdly , Those who have been convicted of felony , or such misdemeanour as involves dishonesty . " The provisions to be made for these three classes ,
are—1 Por the first , Free Day Schools . " For the Second , Industrial Feeding Schools , with compulsory attendance . " For the third , Penal Reformatory Schools . " The legislative enactments needed to bring such chools into operation , are" For the Free Day-schools , such extension of the present Governmental grants , from tha Committee of Council on education , as may secure their maintenance in an effective condition , they being by their nature at present excluded from aid , yet requiring it in a far higher degree than those on whom it is conferred .
" For the Industrial Feeding Schools , authority to magistrates to enforce attendance at such schools on children of the second class , and to require payment to the supporters of the school for each child from the parish in which the child resides , with a power to tbe parish officer to obtain the outlay from the parent , except in cases of inability . "Forthe Penal Reformatory Schools , authority to magistrates and judges to commit juvenile offenders to such schools instead of to prison , with power of detention to the governor during the appointed period , the charge of maintenance being enforced aa alinvn . "
The Conference will take place on the morning of Wednesday , and a public meeting will be held in the evening . The committee will meet at half-past eight , on Tuesday evening , at Dee ' s Royal Hotel , Birmingham , where particulars respecting the time and place of the meetings may be obtained . Several ladies who take great interest in reformatory schools will be present at the Conference , and the attendance of any ladies or gentleman who have paid attention to this important subject will be esteemed a favour .
The Katioxal Pbblic School Association held its annual demonstration on Monday at Manchester , ineiudiug a meeting of the general council m the mornin ? , and a public meeting in the evening . Mr . A . Henry , M . P ., was chairman of the council meeting , and Mr . Cobden , M . P ., Mr . T . JI . Gibson , and Mr . George Combe , of Edinburgh , were present . Dr . Davidson read a paper on the "Voluntary ^ Manchester and Salford Local , and the National Public School Systems . The Rev . W . F . Walker , incumbent of St . James ' s Church , Oldbam , moved tha following resolution : — 11 " Resolved—That the following be adopted as an appendix to clause vi ., e . 3 : — ' That schools already in existence may become free schools under the direction of their present or future managers , and
receive — per week for each scholar educated ib them . Provided , —1 . That on inspection they are found in a satisfactory condition . —2 , That the "inculcation of doctrinal religion , " shall not take place in them between the hours of— and — in the morning , and — and— in the afternoon . —3 . That the attendance of the scholars oa fcbe "inculcation of doctrinal religion , " shall : not be compulsory . — 4 . That the " inculcation of doctrinal religion >' shsl ! not be a part of the duty of the teachers under this system , —3 . That no part of tbe school payments derived from the rate shall be directly or indirectly applied to tbe " inculcation of doctrinal religion . " '" The Rev . P . Tucker ( Baptist ) seconded the motion , ilr . Cobden , Mr . M . Gibson , and Mr . Simpson , of Edinburgh , supported the proposition , and it was adopted unanimously .
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THE LATE MURDER 12 ? MARYLEBONE . On Monday this most atrocious case was , a 8 far as the Marylebone Polico Court is concerned brought to a close -Long before the arrival of the government van from Clerkeuwell a much greater number of persona had assembled than on any former occasion , and on the prisoner , Thomas Bare alighting from the vehicle , around which the crowd cicely pressed , he was led afoD ? Orottopassage by Sergeant Bewley and other police officers to thecell which he had before occupied in the yard contiguous to the outer office , where he remained properly watched until the case was called on for hearing by the sitting magistrate , Mr . Broughton . Between three and four o ' clock the prisoner , who walked quite erec t , and with rather a firm step , was brought from hU lace of confinement , by Mitchell , the gaoler , and nut within thn the late murder is nmm . mn ,..,
telons bar , and the utmost anxiety was manifested by all present to obtain a view of the alleged perpetrator of so horrid and brutal a crime as that with which he stood charged . The prisoner immediately seated himself , and seemed to be very little concerned about the awful stafttumta \ fh \ cu be was placed . Soon after he was brought in Mr Fell , the chief clerk , recited to him the nature of the crime with which he was charged , and then read over the whole of the depositions . They were listened to with the most intense and painful interest , and aa tho several witnesses stood up the prisoner kept his eyes steadfastly fixed upon them , jpMrs . Las . sj . vo , the landlady " of the house , 33 , Jortb-stieet , where the murder was committed , said ( in addition to her former evidence ) , in reply to Mr . Broughton : When the prisoner went out of the bouse , and I hear < f " a screeching , " as I said before , I did not ask him what it was about , nor did he say anything to me .
Mr . Broughion ( to Emma Webster , a lodger at thehouse ) : Are you sure that you saw no instrument in the prisoner ' s hand?—Witness ; I saw none . I was so frightened at what I did observe that I for a time lost my sight . When the statement of Mr . Davidson was read over , describing the nature , the number , and the extent of the wounds inflicted upon the murdered woman , a thrill of horror ran through the court-The Pbisoskr ( to Air . Broughton ); May I ask Mrs . Robinson a question or two ? ( This witness ' s evidence went to show that she had often seen
bruises on the person of the deceased , gome of whose ribs had at one period been broken by her husband . ) Mr . Brougbton : Yes , you are at liberty to do so . Prisoner ( folding his arms , and assuming an air of great confidence ) : Now , what is your proper name ? Witness : My name is Mary Robinson . I am a lawfully married woman , and if I had thought of it , I could have brought my marriage certificate hero . —Prisoner : Was your husband's other wife dead when you married him ? Witness : 1 know
nothing at all about any former wife of his . —Prisoner : How long have you been married ? Wiu ness : Nineteen years last May . —The prisoner put further questions to witness , who , in answer thereto , said : My son sleeps in one of my rooms . I never made use of that room for the convenience of a man and your wife . I earn money by needle work , and my husband is in the receipt of some money annually allowed to him by a gentleman in whose service he was for a great number of years . Mr . Fell was , from the voluminous nature of the depositions , more than an hour in reading them .
The deceased ' s mother , an elderly woman , a widow , who had before deposed to the pr isoner's brutal treatment of her daughter , was here desired to stand up again in the witness box , which she did . She holds the situation of pew-opener at Cromer-street Chapel , and is highly respected by the frequenters of that place of worship . Mr . Bboughion addressed the prisoner to the effect that he was anxious , while the mother was present , to mention to him that he had , throughout the proceedings , endeavoured to show that higwife was a woman of most abandoned character ; but from all the inquiries which had been instituted by Iuspector Jackson , as well as from the report of other parties who had been examined , it was clearly shown that the contrary was the oase . Prisoner May I call my daughter to say what she knows ?—Mr , Broughton : I shall not examine her here . You can do as you think fit at the sessions .
It was fully expected that Mrs . Hands , the woman with whom the deceased lodged in Northstreet , would have sufficiently recovered the shock which her nervous system had sustained to attend and give evidence ; but it was alleged that the state of her mind was such that it was not desirable 0 * proper to bring her forward . Mr . BaouoHioN , after cautioning the prisoner in the usual manner , asked if he had anything to say ? Prisoner : Nothing . —Mr . Broughton : I now commit you for trial at the Central Criminal Court for the wilful murder of your wife .
The prisoner was then led back to his cell , and soon , after the closing of the court he was conveyed jn the van to Newgate .
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Movement without Motive . — For all the com . plaint of stagnation in the political world , standstill , dead-lock , and so forth , scarcely a day passes without giving birth to eome new " movement . " This week we have Lord Shafteabury ' s new movement against tbe Maynooth grant , a sequel to the Anti-Papal Aggression movement . Having been for some years moving in the direction of Catholic emanc ipation , we are now invited to move in the direction of Catholic repudiation . 5 ext week we are to have the New Manchester Reform movement , in addition to the other reform movements already going forward , or backward , or not going at all , as the case may be . The uninitiated might have thought that the process of moving might get
on better if Manchester had lent its streugth to some movement already in motion , or about to be in motion . But perhaps that was not the object ? If it had been , Manchester might have had an extensive choice out of all the reform movements in existence or in contemplation , from the immortal old Westminster Association to the archetypal idea still trandly lurking in Lord John Russell ' s mind . But the Manchester millocracy must have its own eddy in the wayward and uncertain stream . These might be enough of movements for one day ; but when you look forth into tbe outward world the brain turns dizzy with the numberless little eddies that are stirviug up the so-called stagnant pool of politics , and not always with the most fragrant
results . Can we forget the Freehold Land movement , which has the special advantage of Mr . Cobden ' s patronage ? Your political managers , like their theatrical brethren , much trust in stars ; and the modest movement for buying up the freehold franchise , with all the modern improvements and facilities of commerce , has an undoubted advantage in being the one to which Mr . Cobden , after all his practical experiments , financial , Hungarian , parliamentary , < tc , finds bis sagacity and prudence warranted in trusting himself . Then there is the Kossuth Fund Movement , which , by the help of new blood and the emulative example of Birmingham , is said to be beginning to move . But we must not dwell on all theso movements—the
Aborigines Protection movement , tbe Teetotal movement , the Early Closing movement , the Socialist Co-operative , Communist , or Associative movement , the Catholic Defence movement , the Irish Redemption of Land movement , Mr . Douglas Jerrold ' a Present-of-Shakespeare-to-Kossuth movement , the Anti-Knowledge Tax movement ; the Anti-Flour Tax movement , the Anti- State Church movement , the Sanitary Reform movement , the Wealeyan Reform movement , tho Church Union movement , the Public Education movement , the Manchester Education ; movement , the Street Orderly movement , the Extension of Municipalities to all London movement , the Anti-Truck movement , the Emancipation of the Jews ( City of London )
movement , Emancipation of the Jews ( J . RuBgell «) movement , the Street Shoe-black { G . Cochrane ' s ) movement , the —— . But we must abstain from attempting to compile a directory of these national institutions . It is already evident that we have quite enough "movements" and to spare , especially for a period of Etagnation . [ By the bye , we had forgotten the Peace movement , which must not be omitted . There was once , too , a Complete Suffrage movement ; can anybody tell what has become of that ? Is it dead , merged , transmuted , going on , or what ?] 2 ? ow , with all this variety of public emotion , we do not know why there should be this complaint of apathy and immobility . It is true that some of these
movements can scarcely be called national ; true that gome of them , like Lord John ' s Emancipation of the Jews , are rather dead than otherwise , and exercise little more than a galvanic posthumous motion dependent on the industry of the operator ; true that some of them , like the Manchester and ItnsseJl Reform ideas , are moving only in utero : but still enough ia left to Btir the limbs of the political world , and to save it from the " pins and needles" of which it is so much in fear . At least we do not see reason why there should be any hurry to get up new movements . England , as Dr . Johnson said when he was told he could not see tbe
baby yet , " can wait . " There is no hurrj ; the nation will not expire , although agitators should fail to light some fresh fire . England is not so shortlived that she cannot wait the natural course of eventB . England can have no childish impatience to tear open every political rosebud . Indeed , agitation itself , we suspect , might profit by a little real suspension , not only because it would eive the repose by which strength is restored , but because also an interval of stillness , however brief , mieht enable some of these sectioDal movements thA cross and hinder each other to run into one , and thus to become worth some practical attention . -Spectator .
_ _ , _ jteMH o * Mb . SAPio .-This celebrated English tenor died on Thuifidaf last , in yery indigent cir-
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REASONS FOR THE FEDERATIVE UNION BETWEEN- THE EMPIRES OF GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATE S OF NORTH AMERICA .
The federation of all uations and the union of all peoples can aloiio produco permanent peace among the human race ; and without this peace , demoralization , crime , and misery , can ^ iever be made to termin ate . To establish the federation of nations and the union of all peoples is now deemed to be impracticable . Anfl it is impracticable ou the principles on which the human character has so far been " ormed .
As has been so frequently stated in this Journal and iu other publications of the writer , the human cliaracter has ever been formed oti the evroiuious notion that » wn creates his own powers and qualities and thus forms his own character ; and tin ' s notion , opposed to all facts , is an incessant cause of repulsive feelings , disunion , hatred , and auger , between man mid man and nation and nation ; and the perpetual stimulus to contests ,. wars , and fightings .
It is utterly destructive of the spirit of universal charity and love ; and it inflicts ignorance of their own nature upon all who are thus taught and forced to believe before they possess powers of observation and reflection , and before they have acquired a sound or unprejudiced judgment . But with this error of errors removed , and with the knowledge , derived from facts , —
" that nature ov God , first , and society afterwards , are the true and only creators of man ' s powers and qualities , and directors of his belief , will , and conduct , "— there will be no difficulty in uniting cordially man to man over the world , even with all the variety of races , colours , and climes , and in combining all , with one interest anil one object , into one federation .
And by this change far more may be effected for the permanent progress , excellence , and happiness of mankind , than has been attained through all the past , ov than can be attained through the future on any system emanating from the suj > position that man forms his own powers and qualities , and ought to be made responsible for the will aud actions which they create . Instead of its being beyond huraan means cordially to unite man to man and to induce all nations to federately unite on principles of a just equality , and impossible to introduce and maintain such unions in practice , —it will bo found that the priucip'les of
charity , love , and universal attraction , which will necessarily arise from the knowledge that the qualities and powers or the character of all are derived from God and society , will make the union of the human nice easy of execution ; in fact , thia union Avill be a natural result emanating from that knowledge . It is not possible that in its present defective development the human mind can yet b ' e expanded to comprehend all the mighty consequences to be attained from a principle of universal union aud attraction , or to conceive the difference between the results of this principle , and those necessarily arising from the principle of disunion and repulsion .
"Wh y , let it be asked of the leaders of all parties in all countries , should men prefer to uphold a false principle , which necessarily produces feelings of perpetual general repulsion and continual evil to every one , and to reject a true principle , derived from unchanging facts , and which will necessarily lead to universal union and be productive of endless good to all ? Such an irrational proceeding can emanate alone from a crude organization consequent upon early mis-instruction , and from the deeprooted prejudices ¦ which such an education inflicts upon young and inexperienced minds .
It is impossible that an error so gross , so irrational , and so universally injurious to the human race , cau be much longer maintained ; for- no one has a . real interest in its continuance , while all have an everlasting interest in its abandonment . But when the mind has beon filled with innumerable associations of ideas based on a false notion , and these ideas have been ramified through all the combined impressions in every department of life through many years , —it | becomes a most difficult , and therefore a most irksome task to unassociate ideas so long associated , and which have been settled as fixed principles ¦ whi ch were never expected to be disturbed .
Were it not for this difficulty , the mind could be easily relieved from early errors ; for truth is always so simple , so consistent , and so uniformly in accordance with all facts , that the unprejudiced mind would , upon a plain statement , readily understand and receive it . Children at au early age , who had not previousl y been mis-instructed , could soon be taught to comprehend . — That they had no knowledge or power to make themselves or any of the qualities which they possess . That , of themselves , they could not tMuk or speak any language , or do any act .
That whatever powers they possessed were g iven to them without their knowledge by nature or by society . That for these gifts of nature aud society they can have no merit whatever , however much thoy m ay appear to be superior to their companions or to others . That should their physical or mental qualities be superior to those of some others , the
possessors of these superior qualities can have no rational claim for any artificial rewards from society , because nature has already rewarded them above their fellowg ; and that , if artificial rewards should be given to any ( but which in a rational state of society will never be thought of or required ) they should be awarded to the least favoured by nature , as a compensation to make the parties more upon a just equality .
That it is only by mankind being placed on a just equality , as far as it is practicable , that couteutmeut can be created , peace produced , and united action for the benefit of all maintained . That , very generally , when placed from birth within good and intelligent circumstances—that is , within those external arrangements whose influences on humanity are beneficial , men will become good and intelligent ; and when placed within ovil and ignorant circumstances , they will almost of necessity become injurious to society and ignorant . That it therefore becomes almost the first dictate of common sense , that the human
race should create none but good and superior external circumstances , and as rapidly as practicable should now remove those of inferior character from around tho population of all nations . That it will be for the interest and permanent happiness of all , that , as this ill-trained and mis-taught generation shall pass away , new arrangements of society should gradually supersede the present ; by which there would arise a new generation of one class of superior beings ;—of men and women
welltrained and educated from birth , physically , mentally , morally , and practically ; equal in education , training , and condition ; and by whom-wealth , will be created in superabundance for all , as a pastime and pleasure , by directing the operations , under beautiful and healthy arrangements , of chemistry and mechanism , to perform , like the creations of natnre , all that rational-made beings will ever require for tiheir perpetual progress and happiness . That to well-govern society , all its members must be well-placed , to be vell-tiwoed ,
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educated , aud employed , aud united , aud that they may be easily instructed in a knowledge of the arrangements by wliicli they are to be so well-placed . And thus , before the age of fifteen , male and female will be , by these new arrangements , far hotter instructed in a knuwludcro of their own nature—of the science of society —of the essential business of life—and in its practical operations , than any men and women have ever been , or can bo made to ha under the ignorance and errors of tlie existing irrational system of society botli in princi p le awl practice . They will also be prepared , by a correct knowledge of their nat re , for universal union , based on the principle of universal charitv and kindness and of puro Jove
Jwour race . Thus will tlicy compvohond the illimitable advantages to be derived by all nations ami peoples from a well-arranged constitution for the permanent federation of nations , There is a happy future for the human race , —a future when all shall bo made i ' rom their birth to become good , wise , aud happy ; —when charity and lovo shall reign supreme over the population of the earth , — and when poverty , sin , and misery , shall be unknown . When , also , there shall be uu iuliuitc variety in the goodness , wisdom , and happiness of man , to give pleasure aud enjoyment to all .
The materials requisite to eflecfc this glorious change iu the condition of humanity superabouud , and are amply prepared ready for use . This full supply of materials is the lirst step gained towards the happy future . The llSXfc step will be to infuse the spirit of uuiversal love aud charity into the character of all , and thus to unite the human race as one family , and to prepare them for tho federation of nations , to an extent , ultimately , which will supersede all limited nationalities . And thus to form one nation , with one language and one interest , and without territorial limits .
The means to create this universal spirit of unity , and to permeate the heart and mind of man with pure charity and love , have been discovered ; and now , by the aid of a free press , and of steam and electricity , may be rapidly conveyed to all peoples ; and this knowledge will terminate augur , hatred , jealousy , contests , and war , and will thus make our earth for evermore a terrestrial paradise , ever advancing , as knowledge shall increase , to a higher and higher degree of joyous existence . And behold how simple are the means by which these all-glorious results may be now attained !
All that is requisite to produce this Exodus of evil from the earth and to transform this g lobe into a paradise , is to make plaiu to the geueral mind , that the faculties , qualities , propensities , aud powers of mau , are forced upon him before birth , without his knowledge , by God or . nature ; aud that an ignorant or wise direction is afterwards given to them by society . An ignorant direction , when society surrounds the individuals with inferior and vicious circumstances ; ( which include persons as well as all other external objects ) . — A wise direction when society shall acquire sufficient knowledge to surround tho individuals with those external circumstances
which are g ood aud superior . And through this knowledge , rightly applied , society may now adopt measures by which to ensure a good and superior character , physically , intellectually , morally , and practically , for every one . And to have such characters formed for all would produce the highest felicity for the human race . Thus , by the adoption of the true , instead of a false fundamental princi ple , for the base of society , and by gradually superseding all inferior external objects by superior , may the earth be made a paradise , occupied by superior beings , with the qualities which have been attributed to angels , except their wings .
And why , m the name of common seuse , seeing that all tho niciterials are abundantly prepared , should not this change from wrong to right , from insanity to wisdom , from universal repulsion to universal attraction , and , consequently , from contests and misery to universal peace and happiness , — be now commenced ? Why should not tho Parliament of Groat
Britain , the Congress of the United States of iNorth America , and the National Assembly of France , at once enter fairly aud fully upon the investigation of this all-important subject ; that each assembly may ascertain , for tho satisfaction of tho population of each of these countries , aud , through them , of the population of the world , whether the time has not arrived , in the due order of
nature , when , ou principles fixed as the laws of nature , all men from birth , by a new training and education , may be made good , intelligent , rational , and most valuable to each other ? And when , also , real , substantive , and superior wealth may be produced annually ( regardless of gold avid silver , the most imperfect shadows of it ) in superfluity for all , and by means the most healthy , pleasant , and gratifying to its producers ? Also , whether the time has not arrived , in the duo order of nature , for nations to conquer peace , by the federation of nations upon terms of a just and beneficial equality , somewhat similar to the federation of the
nations , now called States , forming the North American Union ? And whether nature lias not been gradually preparing the Empires of Groat Britain and of the North American Union now to commence this tederatiou of nations upon principles of perfect equality and justice , and which will be highly beneficial to every individual in both empires , and will become an example to be speedily followed by France , Holland , Belgium , Switzerland , and , soon after , by Russia , Italy , all Germany , including Hungary , and by Spain aud Portugal : aud thence would follow the populations of the remainder of the world ?
By foresight and wisdom a few of the leading minds throughout society may speedily calm the present ferment of irrationality which afflicts the governments and peoples of the powers of Europe , aud preserve its peace , for the lasting benefit of both these now contending parties . What are cither governments or peoples to gain by victory ? An immense loss , whichever party may succeed .
In either case it will be a -victory against itself ; for should a collision between the aristocratic aud democratic principles once commence , it would be a contest between large masses of the people directed by the governments , and large masses of the people directed by those who desire to possess the power of government ; and on both sides the people would be the sufferers . And sufferers for what ? To maintain the irrational principles of aristocracy and superstition ; or equally irrational princip les of democracy and superstition .
And who can inform the world of the extent of the wickedness and misery inflicted upon the human race by both these irrational modes of training , educating , and governing mankind , through all past time ? The federation of nations is a p lain , straightforward , and easy mode by which to terminate the present insane and Babel-like confusion of society over the world . To federatively unite nations upon a system of equality and upon principles of strict justice to all , would calm the irrational passions for conquests , terminate the necessity
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for armies , permit the extravagant expenditure and waste which armies create to produce the worst and most inferior circumstances over the world , to be applied to ro educate the human race and to nvke them rational boiugs , aud to siVTOttnd them with those external objects onl y which should be superior and would produce only beneficial mnucnecs upon all .
In fact , through tho federation of nations tue path would be opened to remove all tho obstructions which now prevent the human race being cordiall y united as oilG well-trained and educated family , —which prevent their adopting measures to make the earth fruitful and beautiful , and in a comparativel y short period to convert it into tv continuall y Jinproving terrestrial paradise .
Men of mind !—men of influence !—men of luimaiiitv!—men with common sense!—come to the rescue of the human race , from tln .-ir irrational passions and prejudices in favour of ignorance , superstition , and cruelty , —in favour of everything erroneous , loading to contests aud misery , and opposed to facts ; that thoy may bo emancipated to knowledge , ( o wisdom , and to everything leading to permanent peace and happiness . And why this thraldom of humanity ? That men may eternall y quarrel aboufc worshipping they know not what , — that nian , an atom , may do good to and glorifywhat ? Tho Almighty Power of the Universe about which he knows next to nothing !
Let this insane proceeding now terminate in till luitious . Let man open liis eyes , and see what au immensity of good united man may do for individual man , and generally , as society is n ow constituted , hw little iiuli " vidual man can do for himself when opposed by united man . Let the nations of the earth now say , with thoir irrational passions and prejudices calmed for the moment , what will be the difference in human existence , between the present system of universal repulsion , disunion , and contests , and the happy future of universal attraction , unity , and peaco , to be effected by the federation of nations .
And why , — let it bo asked of tho wise ones of tho earth , — should this future be distant , when all , without exception would be benefited beyond all present estimate ? Why should not Kossuth and his American friend It . J . Walker now pass over to the United States and prepare them for , and propose to them this change ? Why should not Mazzini and his baud of secret conspirators become , at once , open conspirators against the present insane sys « tern of falsehood , force , and fear , and advocate the rational union of Italy , Germany , and Europe generally ?
Why should not Louis Blanc , Cabot , and thoir Socialist followers in France , and Lcdru llollin aud his Red Republican associates , now advocate this rational union of all , for the permanent benefit of all ? And , above all , — Wh y should not our steady , calm , far-seeing statesmen , in the Imperial Parliament of these realms , at the opening of the approaching session , like men
with mind and stamina , at once advocate this system of universal peaco and unity and prosperity , and waste no more invaluable time about childish inanities , but go direct to the work of men desirous of doing permanent good to themselves and to their race ? Yes—Wh y ? I wait an answer .
The discovery of tho application of steam on the ocean , and to railways on land , with that of electricity to telegraphs by land and water , has destroyed the isolation of nations . By these links , and especially by the latter , nations now are or soon will be more essentially united than provinces in the same country have hitherto been . These discoveries , making the federation of nations easy of practice , added to the incalculable advantages to bo derived by all individuals in every country from such federations , will create an irresistible necessity for all nations thus to unite .
As soon as this subject shall be taken into consideration by the statesmen and people of Europe and America , the advantages to all ranks and degrees in every country will be so overwhelming in individual and general in > tcrest , that no people or government will have any motive left to attempt to continue an isolated existence . But theso discoveries , important as they
are to induce nations to unite in a- family bond of federation , would have been incomplete to make this union one in interest and fceling , without the discovery of the means to ensure a good , intelligent , and rational character for all , and to create , with health and pleasure , at all times , a superfluity o £ substantial , useablc , and enjoyable wealth * to be obtained by all without restraint , and without contest or competition , ( To be Concluded in our next . )
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Discove ry of Coppkr Mines is Grrenlasd . - ^ The scientific expedition which was sent out from Copenhagen to explore the great mountain chain which liividos tho whole of Greenland into two equal parts , arrived tit the Danish colony of JulianSl Huaab , in Greenland , on the 12 th of September . Oa the following day the work of investigation -was commenced iu the mountains . The very first blow of the pickaxo exposed vast quantities of coppei ! lying almost at the surface . Ifc forms three distinct branches , and , to all appearance , is of great
depth and vast extent . As the minera proceeded with their labours they dislodged masses of mineral of from 200 to 300 lbs . weight each , aud containing pure copper ore of sixty , seventy , and lOOlbB . weight . The engineers at the head of the expedition stato that from tho analogy which subsistf between the conformation of the mountains of Greenland and the Ural chain in Russia , thoy have every expectation of diacorering minea of gold ana platina , and perhaps also of silver . Furthur intelligence from the expedition is looked for with great interest at Copenhagen . —J / onitcur , Dec . 1 .
Tub Gkeat Exhibition . —The Great Exhibition ^ like many other gteafc combinations which hava served their purpose , may be said to haro quita passed aw . iy . Its once numerous and busy staff have dwindled down to a mere fragment . There is not a red jacket visible anywhere , the ordinary workmen beiug quite Adequate , if they would only put a little more steam ou , to wheel out , in a very short time , the residue of the goods which still oc « cupy the building , But judging from the past , tha additional fortnight allowed for removal will not bg too long a period to effect a complete clearance , ' Some of the articles which we mentioned as having been paekud more that a week since still eAcuiabev the main avenue . The foreigners are not slow ia Ascribing much of the delay that has arisen to tha customs' department ; and , no doubt , if the
solidarity of nations were more advanced , and tha principle of commercial lion-interference less authoritative , our foreign friends would energetically swell tho cry that has gone forth for a reformation iii that quarter . Although the Crystal Palace , with its "l ass Bides anil covering , was said to be anything but favourable to the propagation of har « mony , its musical contributions are amongst tha latest in their departure . The large organ in the eastern end of the gallery has beeu removed , and on Monday an ingenious workman was busily en « gaged in taking to pieoes the internal mecbaniBJa ofDucroquet ' s French organ . That in the western gallery-still maintains its position , in tho expecta * t \ on , it tnay be , of sending forth a note of welcoma to the visitors who will be admitted on the 8 th 0 % this month .
IUmupool Seamen ' s Ymm&w Aasocuno * . - * A general meeting of the above body was held in the Long Room , Dock Hotel , Hartlepool , on tha 27 tli Nov . Mr . R . Hohmn , seotetwy to the asuo » ciatioD , in the chair , when a very efficient and lengthened lecture on the " Past and present con * dition of British Seamen and their future prospects , " was delivered by Mr , Robert Toung , of Sundoriand , The meeting waa also addressed by Mr . T . G . Lucket , who moved the following ; reuo " lution , which was adopted , and carried unam « mously : — " That m , the seamen of Hartlepool in publio meeting assembled , are determined to cott < tinue the agitation so H obly . begua in January laafl ia conjunction with the adjacent DortB , and neve * to cease agitating until we have gained a full an « complete redreas of all our jnevuims , both poll , tical and social . " The meeting was well attended * ' and after passing a vote of b hanka to the Chair * man , the business terminatiSa
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Pdskhal or the Late Kisg op Haxotsb . —The funeral of the late King of Hanover took p lace on the 26 : h nit On the previous evening , a solemn Eervice was celebrated , amidst the tolling of all the church bells , in tbe chapel of tbe palace . At midnight the coffin , accompanied bj that containing the remains of the late Queen , rrho SieA in 1841 , wag conveyed to the palace of Herrenhatisen , escorted by the first dignitaries of the kingdom , and by detachments of the Royal Guard . Tho inhabitants of Jlerrenbansen were assembled ia the ate * one leading to tie palace , bearing torches . The public were not admitted to the ceremony of interment .
A PBB 8 BKT TOR THE Qdeb }! . —Tie «« B atborst Free Press and Mining Journal" aajs , tbat a body of gentlemen in Sydney , at the head of whom are the Colonial Secretary and tbe speaker of the LegisfeUre Council , hare determined upon offering the Queen ef England " a crown ; 0 f pure cold "—an emb em of her sovereignty and of her people ' s loyalty , not leai than their determination tOBPhoId uelaw ? flucliBbe dispense * .
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Apprehension of a Bank-note Stealek is Hukoabt . — On the 4 ch of last October a robbery of English bank-notes , to the amount of £ 1 , 620 , was perpetrated in the house of Mrs . Seelig , of No . 4 , South-parade , Manchester , by a foreigner , named Jacob Alter . The owner of tbe property is , we understand , a foreigner , who has been in the habit of travelling about with mercantile engagements of an extensive description , and was a lodger in the house abovementioned , where Alter' also resided , and the latter availed himself of the absence of the former , opened his trunk , fingered the notes , and quickly disappeared . Attempts were made to trace the fugitive by the plundered man and his friends , but application was not made in the proper quarter
for making an effective pursuit until a month had elapsed . John and Daniel Forrester were then communicated with , and vigorous measures were forthwith adopted with all possible expedition . Daniel Forrester , after having made inquiries at Manchester and Liverpool , proceeded to Hungary , where be received tbe most zealous assistance from the police authorities , which assistance was no doubt the more promptly rendered in consequenco of the aid given to the Austrian government some time ago iu the ciiseof a forgery committed in Hungary upon that government . It was ascertained
tbat Alter had changed a £ 100 Bank of England note iu Venice on the 4 th of November , in the name of Adam Weiss , and that he had changed , in the same name , and in the same city , two £ 100 and one £ 20 Bank of England notes , about the middle of October ; and at Pestb , in Hungary , two £ 100 Bank of England notes , on the Cth of November , also in the name of Adam Weiss . The plunderer was arrested at Great Ramsa , in Hungary , where he passed by the name of Cohen . Information has been just received of the apprehension of Alter ; but taste Ikvb been no intelligence as to the recovery of any of the property .
International Copyright . —Accounts from Madrid state that M . E . Baroeho and M . Contures , on the part of France , and M . Cordova , formerly Minister at Constantinople , nnd M . Ochea , of the department of Public Instruction and a distinguished Utieratur , on the part of Spain , are busily engaged in negotiating the bases of a treaty between the two countries for the mutual protection of literary copyright and of artistic , musical , and dramatical productions . No difficulty of any kind has arisen or is likely to arise , and the treaty may therefore be expected to be signed in a lew weeks . At Paris the recently concluded literary conyention between England and France has been submitted to the National Assembly and has afforded the higheat eatisfaction . The French government is now pressing witli great earnestness on that of Belgium for a Biimlar treaty .
The Magnetic Telegraph . — Upwards of 200 mileB of insulated Wire have already been laid down by the Magnetic Telegraph Company upon a portion of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway ; and tbe new line of telegraph between Manchester and Liverpool , belonging to this company , will be opened in a week or two . The magnetic telegraph appears to have fulfilled all the favourable anticipations that have been formed respecting it , wherever it has been employed . This telegraph acts with the same velocity as the one now in general use , and is far more economical , the electric current being generated by a large permanent magnet in place of a galvanic battery .
A London Bcrting Ground . —Mnny years before his decease , the celebrated Chantrey attended a funeral at St . Martin ' s-in-the-Fieids . The grave yard wasBtrewed with human bones , and the gravedigger was adding irreverently to the hea ps . Chantrey inquired what eventually became of the remains . The sexton replied with a smile that when they grew too plentiful " they were carted off m loads to tbe Thames . " A friend describes the effect of this answer upon the frame of Chantrey
as painful in the extreme . His cheeka grew sickly white , and perspiration poured down them , At the moment he looked himself a corpse newly risen from the grave before him . " 1 will take care , " he said , with a shudder , " that they do not cart my bones to the Thames . They shall be undisturbed under my native sod . " And , accordingly , there are five pounds per annum for ten poor boya of the village of Norton , so long as they will re member industriously to pluck the weeds ana to remove the nettles that deface the gravestone ol
Francis Chantrey . „ " Kossuth Miutakt Engineering School , —a correspondent sajs , "According to arrangements entered into by M . Kossuth daring bis stay in England , a military engineering school has been established , to teach Hungarian officers , resident m London , the art of military eng ineering , colonel Thaly , late director of the fortifications at Komorn , appointed by M . Kossuth as professor , ga » e on Monday last hia introductory lecture , in which he urged upon his audience ia a spirited and significant manner , the necessity of makiDg goon ubb ot weir time . On this occasion he was honoured by the presence of General Vitter , other distinguished staff officers , and the military atudentB who intend toavailthemBelveBofthe instruction given . aums institution ; the practical nature of which it ia expected will be attended with great success . — Mly ite
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THE GOLD DUST ItOBBERY ON THE SOUTH - ¦ ,.
readers will remember that at the last Win-Chester Assizes , held in the month of July , William Plampin , a tailor , of London , took his trial on the charge of stealing the gold dust so mysteriously extracted from the railway waggons during their transit from Southampton to London , or of receiving We same knowing it to have been stolen ; and tbnt , having been found Guilty on tbe latter charge , he was sentenced to ten years * transportation . Several witnesses swore to having seen Plampin at Winchester on the night of the robbery , to his having gone up to London by the mail train " the same night ; and to his being there again on the following eveninwhilst
g ; the coffee house keeper and cab-driver in London , with whom the nwn supposed to be Fiatnpiu came in contact , deposed to his being so wrapped up th&fc they could not positively swear to his being the man , but believed him to be so . It is now eleurly proved that the witnesses must have been mistaken , and that Plampin was not the man seen at Winchester on the night of tho robbery . PKWnpTO , iti \? i \\ beTemQmbered , subsequently made a confession , which led to inquiries resulting in the apprehension and conviction of other parties concerned in the South-Western Railway robberies , as recorded from time t « time in this journal . The parties implicated in these robberies , whose names have transpired , are—Plampinnow under sentence
, of transportation ; Whitcher , transported for ten years ; Senior , sentenced to seven years' transportation , and since dead ; Saward , imprisoned for twelve months ; and Winter ( formerly a tallyman in the company ' s service , but discharged previous to the gold dustrobbevy ) , who has been successful in deo imping , and still remains at large . Tho man seen at Winchester on the night of the robbery , and supposed to be Plampin , it has since been ascertained , was Winter , who carried off with him two of the boxes of gold dust , leaving the third where it was subsequently found , in the hedge near the railway station . Winter went , the day after the robbery , to Senior ' s house ( a public-house in London , where these robberies were planned and
arranged ) , and there saw Whitcher and Flampin . lie told them it was all right , and made Whitcher an offer to go down to Winchester , for the box left there . Whitcher would not consent to go down under £ 20 , but Plampin agreed to do so for £ 10 , and when he got thero he at once fell into tho hands of the police . Thus , it will he seen that Plampiii was never in possession of any portion of the gold dust , and was therefore wrongly convicted of receiving the same ; and under these ciroumstancea tbe solicitors for the prosecution ( the railway company ) are endeavouring to procure Plampin ' s pardon , or a remission of his sentence , in which they will be , EO doubt , successful . Senior , it appears , told the gold dust thai ; came into hia possession for
£ 3 , 000 or £ 4 , 000 , and must have secured to himself more than the lion ' s share of the booty , for all that he is proved to have advanced to Winter is £ 000 . Of this sum Winter gave £ 200 to his wife , which , it will be remembered , wa 3 found in her brother ' s house , nnd still remains in the custody of the metropolitan police ; and with the remaining £ 400 thero is no doubt Winter made off to New York or some other place of refuse . Senior paid fifty guineas to Mr . Butt to defend Plampin , and it was alBo arranged that Senior was to pay Plampin's wife 30 s . a week during the period of his incarceration , in case he should be convicted-. All these facts were confessed by Plampin , and subsequent inquiry has proved them to be correct . In proof of
the cleverness with which the whole affair was arranged it may he mentioned that Winter had drawn a map of the railway , marking the exact spot where the box of gold dust lay ; and further , that a part of the tree under which it was deposited , and which was supposed to have been broken by the box being thrown upon it , was really broken off to serve as a guide to the party who came for the box . Winter waa seen in the Southampton Docks on tbe day of the robbery ; but how , or by what means , he got the boxes out of the train , still remans a mystery . —Hants Independent ,.
Plampin , when be confessed , was asked how he coulcl attempt running such a risk as that of attempting fo secure the box of gold secreted at Winchester for the sake of £ 10 ; he stated tlint it was his determination , if he had secured the box , not to have let it out of his possession for a less sum than £ 600 . Plampin , it is expected , will obtain a free pardon . The South Western Railway Company have now placed carriages on their line built expressly for the conveyance of specie . These carriages are built of corrugated iron , and they encloso the specie completely . They are secured by massive bolts and locks .
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n ^ Ka , 1851 . THE NORTHERN STAR 7 I ...
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 6, 1851, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1655/page/7/
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