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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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FRANCE . ABOLITION OF LIBERTE EGALITE , FRATERNITE . The 'Moniteur' contains the following letter frora the Minister of the Interior to the Prefect of the Seine- . — 1 Paris , Jan . 6—Monsieur le Prefet , —The emblems most worthy of respect lose this character when they only recal evil days . Thus these three words , "Liberty , Equality , Fraternity , 'form by themselves a touching dews ; hut , as they have been onl y seen to appear at epochs of troubles and civil war their coarse inscription upon our public buildups saddens and alarms the passers-by . I therefore beg
you to efface them . It would be at the same time proper to restore to the monuments , places , street ? , &c , their popular names , which have been preserved by familiar usage through all changes of regime . No historical remembrance , glorious for France , ought to be ex cluded . The PalaisNational is to be called anew the Palais-Royal ; the Academie-Xationale deMu 5 , que the Grand Opera ; the Theatre de la Nation Theatre Frangai , ; theRuede la Concorde Rue Royal , fte . I beg yoa to make to me , in the same spirit , a report upon the analogous . change ? which you will think proper to propose to me . —A . deMorvy' r r
It is needless to add that the changes prescribed in the foregoing letter will be effected throughout France in all those departments where the generals and prefects have not already taken the initiative . , ? , TuJ * day night the President went to the opera'in state . The front of the house in the Hue Lepelletier was onlliaotly illuminated as on the night of a masquerade . The house of the tailor of the President , at the corner of the street , was illuminated , and a transparency showing the figures 7 ,-473 , 431 , surmounted by the letter N , was arranged over the door . There sere no other illuminations . The Roe Lepelletier and a great part of the Boulevards were occupied during the evening by strong bodies of gendarmerie , cavalry , and infantry . Tlie President took his seat in the centre compartment of the state box prepared for the occasion . The two compartments on either side were filled with
general officers , and officers of the President ' s household . The delegates from the departments occupied the pit stalls . The corps diplomatique in court dresses sat in the large boxes on the right and left of the stage . The general officers of the garrison of Paris were in the second tier of boxes . The balcony stalls were chiefly filled with mayors aid their Iadie 3 . The Princess Ma ^ hilde sat in the box usually occupied by the President . There were not many ladies present , but among the few were the Princess Callemaki and Countess Molke . The pit was entirely filled with officers , non-commissioned officers , and-private soldiers . Besides the gilt bronze eagle over the President ' s canopy , there was an immense eagle painted on the proscenium .
flying in a bine sky , its eyes turned towards the sun . The drop scene between the acts ( painted expressl y for the occasion ) represented an allegorical figure of France , with the motto , ' Foxpojndi . vox Del' "When the Emperor went to the opera it was customary to play on his entrarce'La Victoire estanous , ' and the march of ' The ( Jaravane de Caire . * These airs were played on the present occasion . Ths opera was the 'Prophete , * and the ballet 'Vert-Vert . ' TnePresidfnt stayed till nearly the end of the ballet . On leaving the house a crowd assembled in front snouted loudl y ' Vive Napoleon , ' but his carriage afterwards proceeded along the Rue Lepelletier , and along the Boulevards amidst a dead silence .
Tie Tuileries will henceforth be the official residence of Louis Napoleon . The ceremonies took place ia the order we announced them last week . On the grand day , when the installation at Notre Dams look place , the fog was so dense as to render the most finel y dressed and the most shabby objects equally colourless at fifty paces off , and at a hundred equally invisible . The ceremonies was as much military a ? reli gious . Louis Napoleon was dressed as a general efficer of the line , and surrounded with military . The official reception at the TuUeries commenced at half-past two o clock of the different public bodies , of officers of the army , National Guards , and delegates of departments . There were no addresses , or speeches , and the ceremony of
presentation was over a- half-past five o ' clock . The public buildings and theatres were illuminated , but the fog threw a compassionate veil over the scanty show . A certain set of streets were monopolized for the passage of the carriages of people furnished with tickets to be present at the ceremony ; so that sen / ens de ville and municipal guards were engaged in a perpetual strife with erratic carts , whose drivers were often only reduced to order at the sword ' s point . The bitterest ill-humour was visible amone the officers of the army and the police among the whole " line , and the smallest contravention of their words of command
oa the part of common wayfarers , male or female , was the signal for explosions of the coarsest and most ridiculous menaces . The great bell of Notre Dame , the' Bourdon , ' immortalised by the poet who is now in exile at Brussels , began to toll as the President ali ghted and entered under the crimson pavilion , which was extended beneath the central statue-studded archway . Acclamations there were none . Ha was received with no demonstrations of any fcind ; nor was there the least show of enthusiasm even in the prastorians who surrounded him . The ministers , the marshals of France , the admirals , the officers of the President ' s household , and a large staff accompanied him .
When the ceremony was over , there was a little less coldness among the spectators inside the church ; and the cheers « f « Vive Napoleon ! ' were pretty general . But outside all was apathy ; not a voice was raised to cry , « God Mess him J » He went back by the quays , attended a ' s he came , but instead of continuing his journey to the Elysee , his carriage turned in under the archway of the Louvre , into the Place du Carrousel , and hence gained the Tuileries . The people gazad vacantly through the grate of the Carrousel , and some said , Hyest' and others responded , with a laugh , 'Bgrestera . ' Lusty-lunged fellows were bawling medals of the new potentate for sale at two sous . On one side is the head of Louis Napoleon , with the inscription—Born at Paris , 1808 . On the other side is the number of the votes by which he has been raised to be the arbiter of the destinies of France .
The address of the Consultative Commission is a fulsome -flattery of Bonaparte , and , of course , quite the reverse of those who do not support him . It says , in one part : — It is no longer odious theories only which you have to pursue and to suppress , for they have been changed into facts and horribk crimes . May France be at length delivered from those men who are always ready for murder and pillage—of those men who in this nineteenth century are the horror of civilisa'ion , and who , by awakening the most distressing reminiscences , seem to carry us five centuries backwards . ' _ The Archbishop of Paris addressed him thus : — '
Monsieur le President , —We come to present your our felicitations and good wishes . What we are going to do to-morrow we will do every day of the year about to commence . We will pray to God with fervour for the success of the high mission confided to you ; for the peace and prosperity of the republic ; for the union and concord of all citizens . But , wo rder that they may be all good citizens , we will pray tod to make them good Christians . ' Bonaparte thanked the archbishop for having recommended to the Divine protection acts which had been inspired by the sentiment which dictated these words— ' Let the good take heart , and let the wicked tremble . '
The following proclamation has appeared : — « The President of the Republic , npon the report of the Consultative Commission , proclaims the results of the votes given by the F .- * nch citizens for the adoption or rejection of the following plebiscite—'' The French people desires the maintenance of th- authority of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte , and delegates to him the powers necessary for establishing a constitution upon the bases proposed in his proclamation of December 2-. d , 1851 . " The number of persons voting has been 8 , 116 , 773 ; 7 . 439 , 216 have voted "Yes , " 640 , 737 have voted "N » , " 36 , 820 bulletins have been annulled as irregular . The present decree will be published and posted in all the communes of » he Republic '
A decree announces that the gold , silver , and copper coin shall bear in front the effigy of the President , with the words ' Louis Napoleon Bonaparte . ' On the reverse are to be engraved the words ' Reputlique Francaise / and round the edge ' Dieu protege la France . ' Another decree declares that—1 , that the French Eagle shall be tt-established on the colours of the army ; and 2 , that it is to be established on the cross of the Legion of Honour . In future every public functionary is to take the oath of allegiance to Louis Napoleon ' s person . It is said ( ot the present the idea of assuming the title of Emperor has been dropped . It is a fact , nevertheless , that on Thursday night it was determined to push on for the empire without drawing breath . More moderate counsels have , however ,
prevailed since ; and Louis Napoleon will content himself far the present with the title of President of the Republic . Others say tl . at he will assume that of Prince Regent of the Republic Oae of the difficulties which stand in the way of the President ' s proclamation of his title as Emperor is obvious . Is he to call himself Napoleon II . or Napoleon III . ? If he assume the former title , he ignores the imperial ri ght of the late Dnke de Reichstadt , and hence his own hereditary claim . If he assume the latter , he flies in the face of the European cabinets , by ignoring the governments which were established in France under their auspices and by their treaties . This embarrassing question is s 8 id to have reconciled Louis Napoleon to the maintenance of Mb present title . His civil list is to amount to twelve millions Of frucs .
The very ' Moniteur' that reports the fulsome speech of M . Baroche at the Elysee contains a decnee setting forth that the offence of speaking against the government multiplies exceedingly , and ordaining that for the more speedy and effectual repression of such vffences , they are in future to be tried by the police instead of by a jury . The decree has a retrospective operation , and hundreds of men now lying in gaol for no other criae than the utterance , in
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! ? . t e . " 8 : «!¦ M- of a few words of honest indignation , in which the whole civilised world would sympathise , are to be deprived of Mil : by jury , and to be hurried before a merciless tribunal that will simpl y register , in the forms of justice , the commands of the dictator . TbeElysee , ; it is said , is to be restored to the family of Mur tt , m the pmon of Prince Lucien , Murat , son of Joachim , the former King of Naples . A letter from Vienna , of the 27 th ult ., Bays the « Presse , stateB that Louis Napoleon , in a letter addressed to the Emperor of Auitria , requests him to consent to have the mortal remains of the Duke de Reichstadt , now lying at Vienna , near those of his mother , Maria Louisa , in the wilts of the Capucins , transported to Paris . The' Patrie ' states the cost of the ceremony at Notre Dame at 190 , 000 francs ; and in comparing this expenditure , which is termed modest , with the cost of the funeral the hearing of a spy , of a few words nf t . nn » t ; < i ; ., n < . t ; nn
ceremonies which were celebrated at the same cathedral on the death of the Duke of Orleans , congratulates the taxpayers on the great consideration which is shown for their pockets by the government of Louis Napoleon . The mayor and munici pal council of Mious , near Lyons , have presented an address to Louis Napoleon with this incongruous heading , 'To his Majesty , Monseigneur , the Prtsident of the French Republic .
The municipal council of Le Puye capital of the Haute-Loire , having refused to appoint a " delegate to the ceremony of Louis Napoleon ' s installation , on New Xear ' a-day , has been dissolved . M . St . Ferriol , one of the six Montagnard representatives of the department , has been arrested . M . Troplong , first President of the Court of Appeal , has declared to his brother jud ges that the presidency of the senate had been offered to him , but that he had declined the office , saying that he wished to remain a lawyer , and to stand aloof from political life . M . Baroche was greatly chagrined that this distinguished post , which he had marked out for himself , should have been offered beforehand to M . Troplong . But the vice-president of the Consultative Commission is not expected to entertain any Bcruples on this account . should the presidency of the senate be offered to him , aa is highly probable . '
The proscription of the press in France has given an extraordinary impulse to publication in Belgium , where it is proposed to print a great number of pamphlets , which could not possibly , under present circumstances , itsue from the press at Paris . The speculators who have set this enterprise on foot undertake to smuggle the pamphlets and journals so published into France with as much certainty as Geneva watches are brought clandestinel y over the Swiss frontier . .... In the 23 rd regiment of the line , garrisoned at Metz , two sergeants have been arrested , and conducted to the fort of Bitche . Two others have been arrested and imprisoned at Metz . Two more have fled ; and two are broken . Similar facts are said to have occurred in other corps garrisoned in the same town . AH these arrests have arisen from the discontent expressed at the way in which the soldiers were obliged to vote . . . '
We announced some time ago that a marriage was on the tapis between the President and a Princess of Sweden . This has been confirmed in the German papers . The princess in question , a descendant of Gustavus Wasa , King of Sweden , now resides in Austria . She is about the President ' s age , and passes for possessing a dowry of 100 millions . We are now able to throw some additional light on the results of M . de Peraigny ' a visit to Brussels . The Bel gian government ha 3 consented to the extradition of the Socialist representatives , but not to that of any others who have taken refuge on the Belgian territory . The demolition of the fortress will not be granted , it is said .
In the colony of Algeria an 'amari aliquid' dashes the exulting joy with which Bonapartism has hitherto contemplated the election of December 20 and 21 . The truth has been kept back as long as possible , and the whole truth has not yet come out , but enough is known and admitted to have drawn forth from the ' Moniteur Algerian ' an official lament that the electors of Algiers should have shown such ' ingratitude' towards Louis Napoleon Bonaparte , and such ignorance of their true interests as to have separated them-Belves from the other citizens of the French republic . So far frora exhibiting that wonderful enthusiasm in rushing to the poll , which according to the returns was universal in France , the large majority of the Algerian colonists abstained from voting , but between those who voted the race
in every commune was a dose one , and in very many places , including the town of Algiers , the ' noes' had it . The returns from Constantine have not yet arrived , but the report is that two-thirds of that province , inclusive even of the army there , have voted in the negative . This result cannot be accounted for upon any sound Bonapartist principle . It cannot be said that the Algerines are indifferent to politic 3 , for in 1848 an immense proportion of the registered electors took part in the election . It cannot be argued that the traditions of French glory in Algiers being of later date than
the Napoleonic era , they are incapable of appreciating the virtue of Louis Napoleon ' s name , for on that occasion out of 68 , 000 votes , 38 , 000 were giver , to Louis Napoleon , 20 , 000 to Cavaignac , and but 7 , 000 or 8 , 000 were divided between Ledru Rollin and Raspail . These figures prove also that Algeria was not then much imbued with anarchical doctrines . It is , moreover , notorious that they have made no progress there since . How can it have come to pass , therefore , that in 1851 50 , 000 electors should have disdained to exercise their privilege ?
Moveable ^ columns of military still scour the Herault in every direction , bringing in prisoners . 500 have taken refuge in the mountains , where , having neither food Hor shelter , their suffering is extreme . A decree appears" for opening to the Ministry of the Interior a credit of 4 , 832 , 987 fr . on the budgets of 1852 , 1853 , and 1854 , for the completion without delay of several limes of electric telegraph . The most important are as follows : — 1 . Paris to Marseilles ; the telegraph now stops at Chalons . 2 . Paris to Bordeaux , and thence by Toulouse to Celle . 3 . Paris to Strasbourg .
The truth of what may have taken place at the banquet in the TuiUries on Tuesday is involved in mystery . The ' Moniteur / which chronicled the most trifling details of the dinner of the Prefect of the Seine at the Hotel de Ville , is silent upon the subject . None of the newspapers are more communicative . It is stated by a person usually well-informed that the President was not there , and that all Boris of conjecture were afloat as to the cause of his absence . The lithographed correspondence of Havas , however , just out , gives a circumstantial though not a long account of the banquet , from whicn it would appear that the President did dine with his guests at the Tuileries . According to this version coven for from 380 to 400 persons were laid in the Salle des Marechaux . On his arrival he is said to have been received with enthusiasm . On the right
of the President sat the mayors of Marseilles and Toulouse , and the Prefect of the Seine ; and on hh left Vhft mayors of Lyons and Bordeaux , and the Prefect of Police ' . The Mayor of Epinal gave utterance to the joy which swelled every heart . The President returned thanks in very few words . He said that his government would direct its efforts to deserve the devoted concurrence ' of honest men , and would continue to be strong because it would be based upon justice , and the serious interests of the entire nation . After the dinner , 800 or 900 delegates were admitted to pay their respects to the President . The soiree was prolonged to a late honr . This is a semi-official account , and , therefore , to be doubted . It is s ' atcd on good authority that it is most likely that the above is a description of what was intended to take place , but not a description of what did .
It is stated that M . Thiers is going to start a paper at Brussels , where he has taken up his quarters , evidently with the convict-on that the Belgian capital is now the last bold of parliamentary institutions on the continent , and that the hopes of a return to constitutional monarchy in France are knit up with the maintenance of the independence and freedom of Bel gium . The French government has conceived fresh umbrage against the cabinet of Leopold , from this new scheme of M . tbiers , -which is put forward under its protection ; and has sent the strictest orders to the prefects of the frontier to exclude the new journal , which will be aioifc of resuscitation of the ' Ordre . '
GERMANY . ABOLITION OF THE AUSTRIAN CONSTITUTION . The Germanic Diet , in its sitting of the 31 st ult ., decided on the suppression and sale of the federal fl ? et . On this occasion Austria proposed to form the German navy in thren divisions , to be commanded respectively by Austrians , Prussians , and Germans of other states . Prussia opposed this arrangement when the above final resolntion was adopted . Prussia has declared her readiness to undertake the support of the fleet for one month .
AUSTRIA . —Several Imperial decrees have been published abolishing the constitu tion of the 4 th of March , 1849 , and abrogating privileges then announced . The foundations of the future organisation of the State are defined . The constitution h to be altered in a conservative senBe , and with due consideration for all preponderating interests . A civil and penal code will be gradually introduced into the Crown lands . The district functionaries and governments will ap . point committees of conservation , selected from members of the landed proprietary and the commercial classes .
ITALY . ROME . —A very unfounded feeling of uneasiness prevails , and the ni ght patrols have of late been stronger than tuual in Rome . Five persons were arrested in the caffe opposite the Valle theatre , two or three nights ago , on suspicion of being connected with the , as yet , unravelled mystery of the secret press . It is customary with the police authorities to overhaul the pockets and persons of whatever actors may resort to the capital a the « o » mencement of the Carnival theatrical season , in order to make sure that they are not Mazzinian emissaries under -the disguise of the Thespian sock and buskin ; and , as the actors of the Valle theatre usuall y congregate every evening in
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the cafe opposite , the si / mbave a convenient opportunity of nabbing them there altogether , as it were in a trap ; This was effected the other evening-the police agents entered , the doors were shut , and np pne was ; allowed' toco out before having been subjected to ¦ the required personal examiqation . The actora were Hot found ; , to have anything criminal , in their possession , but under the table of , another party , who . were playing , at dominoes , , a packet of forty clandestine publications was discovered , to the great consternation of the party , who declared they ' knew , nothing about it . Whether the papers were dropped by a young man who a moment before approached the table to bespeak the dominoes , or whether they were placed there by the sbirri themselves , in order to have , -a ' pretext for arresting some obnoxious individuals , is uncertain . ' They marched off the unfortunate prisoners , ' who will be long ere they have any other lodging than , the . dismal political dungeon to which they were immediately consi gned . » w .-JL . . : »_ ,.,., ; ,..- :-
UNITED STATES . By the Niagara we have advices to the 24 th ult . They state that the intelligence of the French revolution had caused much excitement at New York , and it was expected would add materially to KoBsnlh ' s popularity and prospects . Kossutk was to leave New York for Philadelphia and Washington on the 24 th . The American President , in his message to the legislature in answer to their resolution en the Prometheus affair , denies to Great Britain any authority in San Juan . There was little doing in Congress . A bill for establishing a Mint in California had passed . The following important telegraphic communication from Washington , has been received via Halifax : — ' Washington , Dec . 24 , 9 a . m . 4
The capitol is in flames . The fire was discovered about daylight this morning . Already the valuable library of Congress is destroyed . Weather cold and frosty , water scarce , and impossible to use engines . It was hoped to confine the fire to the library , but buckets only could be used . The speakers and members of Congress joined in the efforts to subdue the ravages of the flames . ' Above 25 , 000 dollars have beeu subscribed for Kossuth in New York , besides a lane amount deposited in banks to his credit . A deputation of the bookbinders in the employing t of the New York Bible Society presented Kosauth with a beautiful raorocco-gilt Bible , a quarto edition * as a testimonial of the regard in which they hold bis charactr as the champion of civil and religious liberty , and adding that they intended , in a few days , to give him something more substantial .
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . By the Harbinger we have advices to the 2 nd December from the Cape of Good Hope . We learn that the state of affairs in Knffirland bad in no way improved at the departure of the Harbinger . The Kaffirs continued their depredations in the lifting of the cattle and burning houBes , and occasionally killing the colonists ; and in this they were generally assisted b y the rebel Hottentots . As yet no check had been given to them by Sir Harry Smith . More troops were required . In one engagement , Lieut . Colonel Fordyce and Lieut . Carey were killed ; Lieut . Colonel Gordon was severely wounded , and Captain Devenish mortall y wounded . The public feeling at the Cape was still greatly excited . They think there should be a local militia , and that could not be effected without a local government , which the colonists should themselves elect .
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Cardinal Patrizi has iBSuled a notification informing the public that the Pope has condescended to grant the permission of using fat in culinary operations on fast-days during tbeenBuing year . The time of Lent is exeini't'd from this provision . ¦ ' ; A letter has been published from the Spanish Minister to Mr . Webster , communicating the pardon of James M . Wil .
son , ' one of the Lopez expeditionists , in consequence of a most affecting appeal from his mother to the president , which was sent to the Queen ' of Spain , and who in consequence liberated him , and has sent him home with funds from her private purse . The letter from the Minister says that all other considerations have been set aside , but that of restoring happinesB ft ( he unfortunate mother , and restoring her erring and misguided son , whose despair is described in such simple and touching terms that they have not failed to affect the benevolent heart of her Majesty .
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DEATH OF BARON KBMESY , THE HUGARIAN . The following letter , addressed to the editor of tho " Daily News , " appeared in that journal on Tuesday : — "Sir , —It is with , regret I inform you that Barou ILemeny , aged sixty-three years , who was appointed by Ivossutb as Chief to the Hungarian Commiteu in this country , died suddenly this morning , at eleven o clock , at his residence in Foley-place , while the secretary to the above commitee ( S . Wekey ) was reading to him the lotter of Mr . Toulmiu Smith , in the ' Daily News' of this day , concerning the Hungarian refugees . Tho lamented baron displayed great courage in the late Hungarian struggle , and distinguished himself by the deciding battle of Pisky , undei General Bern , being also chief commander of" a corps in Transylvania . We should feol greatly obliged by your inserting a paragraph of the above melancholy occurrence in your paper .
" I am , sir , your most obedient servant , " Sigismusd Tiialy , Colonel de Genie . 11 , Charles-street , Middlesex Hospital , Jan . 5 . " Another correspondent says : — " The gallant colonel was sixty-tbreo years of age , and was one of the most celebrated officers during the Hungarian war of independence . He defended the Bridge of Piske , in Transylvania , wiih 2 , 000 men and seven guns against 14 , 000 Austrians and thirty guns , whom he defeated with great slaughter . By his death the Hungarian cause loses not only a good soldier , but a real patriot , and a kind friend to his brother refugees , he having spent his last shilling tbe day before his death in relieving his distressed fellow-countrymen , many of wliom are in a most deplorable state of poverty . "
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FATAL AFFRAY WITH THE NEGROES AT LAGOS . At the moment that the Screw Company ' s Cape Mail packet Harbinger was leaving Sjorra Looue for England , on the 17 ih December , her Majesty ' s scrow-ship , Niger , fourteen , Commander Heath , arrived from L : igos , and boarded her , with dispatches from Commodore Bruce for England , These dispatches , it was understood , contain official information to tho Admiralty of a desperate aud fatal fight with the negroes at Lagos by the Niger shi p ' s company ; . in which affair Messrs . Dyer and hall , mates of the Niger , were killed , and nine men were also killed and wounded . It appears that for some time there haB been a display of Borne very ill-feeling between those on the coast who are desirous of suppressing slavery , and a party whose
" occupation haB gone" by the aotivity of the cruisers in putting down the slave trade . The former party have been zealous in their endeavours to prevent the latter from briuging slaves from the interior to the coast market ; and the slavers , on the other hand , have attempted by every means to coerce our friouds , until at length they have come to blows . The Niger , cruising on the coast , determining on a demonstration against the blacks , landed her boats to protect onr allies and to drive off their enemies , when a bloody encounter ensued , and the seamen and marines of the Niger , being overpowered by numbers , were obliged to retreat , fighting their way to their boats , with the
disastrous casualties abovo reported . The Commander-in-chief , Commodore Bruce , in the Penelope , sixteen , stoamfrigate ; Captain Lyster , with the Sealark , eight , and one or two other men of war , arrived off Lagos , from Ascension , after the fight , and remaining there , dispatched the Niger to Sierra Leone , to complete provisions , and to take down a detachment of the West India regiment , when it was expected the dommodore would commence active operations against the slave-dealing wretches , and , it is hoped , will inflict upon them such a chastisement as shall avenge the death ' s of the gallant officers and seamen of the Niger , and shall finally put a finishing stroke to slave dealing in that quarter of the coast .
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Thb Present to Lord Granvillb . —A letter , of which the following is a translation , has been addressed by Lord Grunville to M . Sallandiouze de Lamornaix , returning thanks for the handsome present recently received by him from the late Commissioner for the Great Exhibition : — " Monsieur le Commissaire General , —I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter , in which you inform me in such flattering terms , that , at the suggestion of the Minister of Commerce , it was decided by a decree of the President of the Republic that 1 should be presented with a coff re in ebony , ornamented with paintings on SGvres porcelain , as a tes timonial of the part taken by me at the Great Exhibition in London . It is with a'degree of satisfaction which I find it very difficult to express , that I accept this magnificent present . I shall always regard it a 3 a precious testimony that Franco has appreciated tho
desire which the Royal Comnussion had of justifying the confidence so nobly placed in it by the Government and the people of France , and I shall preserve this rich specimen of the progress of industrial arts among you as one uf the most valuable memorials of an enterprise which has not a little contributed to tighten the bonds by which the two countries are united . I beg , Monsieur , that you will act as my interpreter towards the President of the Republic , and all those who have taken a share in doing me this honour , in expressing all my gratitude . I am b » ppy , Monsieur , that this communication has been made to me through you , who in all our frequent communications have shown , together with a great zeal for those whom you represented , a desire at the same time to facilitate the labours of the Royal Commission ; and I avail myself of this opportunity to repeat the assurance of my most distinguished sentiments . — Granviub . " ¦ ,. .
A pew nights since , as M . Raymond , deputy mayor of Echoris ( Drome ) , was returning from Pont-en-Royans , he was attacked by three wolves . Fortunately for him thero was a cart standing by the road-side into which he jumped , and defended himself for some time with a large stick , crying out lustily for assistance . His cries were-heard at a house near , and some persons came to his resoue . M . Rey . mond was wounded , but not seriously , in one of bis hands .
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THE ; ENGINEERS , AND'i flEIR EMPLOYERS . ¦"¦ . ¦ . ' : ' = ( FromtheSpectator . ) A determination not to understand the matter in hand seems to be fixed in the minds of those who have been dealing with the intended " strike' * of the engineers and mechanics of the iron-tradeB' ;; although" it is only by arriving at a clear understanding that' the'dispute can ever be arranged
on such a basis as to make the settlement satisfac tory and enduring . The real understanding of the case appears to us to be quite practicable ; ; and therefore we hold it also within the bounds of possibility that . masters and men should come to a settlement satisfactory and enduring . Let ub say at starting , however , that a part of tbe understanding must be a distinct recognition of the ri ghts which exiat on both sides , and of the powers also which exist on both sides : thus far in the contest , both sides are chargeable with isnorintr essential facts .
Among the modeB of promoting a misunderstanding on the part of the public , has been the systematic confusion of things distinct ; and also a constructive interpretation of claims . The proceedings of a local union at Oldham , in the case of Messrs . Hibbert , Platt , and Son , have been treated as identical with the proceedings of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers . The Oldham union , indeed , seems to belong to the . Amalgamated Society ; but it has exercised an independent local action beyond that which the Society has exercised . Again , the Amalgamated Society is charged with ^ intimidation , " and a case of violence at Leeds has been alleged against it : the violence at Leeds was individual , and the offenders have been punished ; and it is as absurd to accuse the general body with that violence as it
would be to accuse the whole body of iron manufacturers of the breach of compact not explicitely denied by MessrB . Hibbert and Platt—with this difference in the two cases , that the Amalgamated Society disavows the violence , while the manufacturers support Messrs . Hibbert and Platt , The " intimidation" used by the Society is exactly the seme as the intimidation used by the masters—the attempt to obtain certain concessions by the fear of pecuniary inconvenience as the consequence of refusal . The means of enforcement is exactly correlative—the men withdraw their labour , the masters withdraw employment . The combination alleged against the men has its exact counterpart in that of the masters ; the men have a fund , the masiers a larger fund . If capital has its rights , bo has labour ; and if society at large has any interest in the matter , it is as much on one side as the other . Both sides have a right to claim the conditions on- which they can give and take employment , and
to enforce' those conditions so far as they can do so by the control over tbeir own actions ; and they ,, the members of either party , have the right to combine with their fellows for the promotion of the general interest . It is the refusal to recognise the exactly correlative nature of these several rights and powers which constitutes the weak point on either Bide . The masters have a right to employ their capital as they please , to make what conditions they please , and to combine for the purpose of inducing others to make those conditions general . If the men think tbe conditions cruel , their only appeal is to the humanity of the masters , which must be spontaneously exercised ; to the Legislature for a general law , if they can get it ; or to their own power of refusal . If the masters employ other hands , that fall in with the conditions deprecated , the men have no right to interfere—except , we repeat , through the moralist or the Legislature . Nothing can be peremptorily demanded of any individual employer except obedience to tbe laws .
But these rights of the masters are no more than correlative to precisely similar rights of the men . The . v have a right to lay down the conditions of their oicn iabour , even to the extent of Baying , as Messrs . Hibbert and Platt ' s men have done , that they will not work with certain men ; as much right as a physician has to decline to meet a quack doctor , or as a guest at a dinner has to withdraw from Uie presence of another guest , if it be only because that other is offensive to him . Messrs . Hibbert and Platt ' s men , however , were not merely capricious in a condition which tbeir employers accepted and afterwards broke . It refers to a new practice in the iron trades . Many of the "tools" used in those trades are very elaborate and valuable pieceB of machinery ,
costing at times as much as £ 2 , 000 ; and the skilled " mechanic , " who has served an apprenticeship of seven years , understands the construction and management of the tool at which he has worked . The masters have found , however , that they can employ a common unskilled labourer if a mechanic be first used to " setout" the labourer ' s work ; and thus a mechanic and a labourer fill tbe place once filled by two mechanics : the labourer taking probably half the wages—Bay 18 s . instead of 36 s . The mechanics object : they argue that their apprenticeship entitles them to a pre-emption over the labourers ; that their ingenuity and assiduity have helped to simplify the machines , whose easy management is now turned against them ; and that the more enduring interests even of the master are promoted
by retaining valuable machines in the hands that do not hazard misuse , damage , and loss . The reader will perceive both the force and the weak points of this argument ; but the fact on which we are now insisting is , that the men have some grounds in reason and equity for their claim , and a right to enforce the condition of their own labour if they please , even to declining , for the interest of their order , a joint employment with the unskilled labourer . The masters have the equal right to employ the unskilled labourers , if they choose , and if they can obtain skilled companions ( or them . The circumstance that tbe rightB are conflicting , the interests conflicting , ought not to blind us to their existence : on the contrary , to recognise them distinctly is the first step towards a reconcilement .
The demands made by the Amalgamated Society for the discontinuance of overtime and piecework , are also far from being merely capricious claims—far from being without embarrassing difficulties of enforcement . Daywork is not always , as the reader would suppose , the opposite of piecework , but often a fixed quantity : so much done in ten hours shall be a day ' s work ; only , says the man , do not f orce me to ' work longer by ' saying that you will give me none if I will not work fonrtefln or seventeen hours a day ; do not force me , under pain of paying me less , to work harder , in heat and ovct-sttained exertion , than human limbs can bear , " Piecework" is objected to by tbe men , not only ae
directly lowering wages , and compelling excessive flxertion , but also as facilitating the employment of middlemen , liku the " sweaters" of the tailors' trade . The men have a right to object ; the masters have a right to employ none but men who will work hard and long . They have some reason aleo on their side in the undeniable propensity of numbers to idle and avoid work , and in the uncertainty with which orders come in . In equity and humanity , however , those reasons do not justify the coercion of the . really steady workman , nor a systematic use of overtime as a means of beating down wages by making the men feel alternations of no pay and full pay .
Recognis i ng the rights , the masters and men knmo , from bitter experience , that they also possess mutual powers of annoyance . ' Strikes" are mostly retaliated by the closing of shops , the calling of new hands into a trade , and the improrement of labour-saving machineiy . On the other hand , discontent among workmen is invariably felt in loss , throunh dnmagfd machinery and diminished production j and the shifting of bands , in the case of skilled labour , is in itself a source of injury . Masters and men can damage each other . ' - ¦"¦ It is not less certain that they possess common as well as conflicting interests ; and an allusion to the principle of mutual insurance , at the meeting of employers last week , by a master noted for his intelligence and kindneesj Mr . May , of Ipswich , was received with a fervour remarkable in that assemblage It would be well if the spirit of that suggestion
cou | d be transferred to the proceedings on both sides . Tbe talk among the masters about not submitting to ' ¦ dictation " ia balderdash ; just , as the whining of the men about " oppression" is nonsense . The thing to be done is to recognise the justice and the amount of power to enforce conditions residing in each Bide , and then to establish n machinery for facilitating the expression of the several desires , the free working of . the several influences , in order that the two partieB may have a consistent means of . coming to terms on a fair and practical basis . But that means , the common interests would be adequately promoted : and society would thus be far better served than by any other conflict of capital and labour ; since it is onl y the alliance of capital and labour that can really bring forth that full production in which society at large is most interested—to say nothing of the social concord .
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THE MASTER ENGINEERS A . ND THEIR WORKMEN . ( From the Standard . ) Tl e dispute between the master engineers and their workmen has at length assumed a very serioiiB aspect . By Saturday next many thousands of workmen will be deprived of employment , unless the master reconsider their determination to close their works , or unless Bnme rftasonable ad . justment of tbe dispute be effected in the meanwhile . We have already expressed our opinion that the operatives in the particular branch of industry in question want many of tbe grounds for complaint which are possessed bv their brethren
engaged m other trades , but at the same time , some of the demands made by the workmen seem founded in justice , and Buch as it would seem to be good policy on the part of the maBtera to concede with a good grace . Take for example the question of" overtime" which has already been given up b y several employers . One thing is manifest , that neither masters nor employed can hope for . victory each over the , other , except b y a perfect ' cbmbiHation among themselves . On the one hand , if the . employers can succeed in winning over a sufficient body of < operatives to their terms , tue remainder must per foice eubmit , were the
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£ 25 , 000 capital which they possess multi plied tenfold . On the other band , if any considerable number of masters give way , tbe victory will infallibly . fall lo the men . It is , in truth , a contest asto which parly can starve out the of ex . At the same time , we foresee considerable riik from a prolongation of the strugglei between the parties . Hitherto in England manufactures nave been carried on b y an asjociation between those , whose capital was money , and those whose , capital lay ; in their skill and labour . Under that system , which undoubtedly ; is not without its advantages , tiiegain , we apprehend , has been palpably on . the side of the money capitalists . It cannot be denied , however , that it is in this way that our manufactures generally have . attaiued the high position they hold in the civilised world , because
they have been prosecuted with all the aid and assistance that au almo&t unlimited amount of capital could purchase . ¦ We doubt if the amount of money applied to the prosecution of manufactures in England during the laBt fifty years ia at all imagined ; or that if it were men would believe it . Probably the tame amount would , if so applied , go far to reclaim the wilds of the vast American continent . There is no rloub ! that the manufacinring prosperity of Great Britain owes much to t he capitalist , but , be it rememhered , that all this is now no mora than a debt , and will be repudiated the moment the two parties come into collision . Is it wise then , we ask , to sever the bond between cap ital and labour tbat has existed so long and so favourably for the countrv ?
But , perhaps , it may be 6 a d tbat this is merely an imaginary danger . We do not think so . The probaWe result of a continuance of this contest between emplovers and emp loyed will be to drive the men into the formation of what we may venture to call labour clubs , but wbich will be to fl'l intents and purposes a new species of partnership with a moderate capital . Such associations , moreover , would possess this advantage over the old system of transacting business , viz ., that they could undersell all rival dealers by saving tbe employer ' s profit , often no inconsiderable item
We already see a hint at something of this kind in the proposal of the Amalgamated Society to invest £ 10 , 000 of their capital in the purchase of tools , with a view to under take the execution of works . Such a partnershi p as we have referred to would find little difficulty in these day ' s in obtaining sufficient'funds to begin with , when gold is pouring in annually at the rate of £ 15 , 000 , 000 a year . . We trust , however , that the good sense of both parties will unite in putting an end to this unhappy dispute , that otherwise may have , as a remote consequence , the effect of revolutionising the entire trade and commerce of the countrv .
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DESTRUCTION OP THE STEAM SHIP AMAZON BY FIRE . AND LOSS OF OXE HUNDRED AND FORTYONE LIVES . Plymouth , Jan . C—It becomes our painful duty to report the particulars of a most appalling accident . ' Tho now Royal Mail Steam ship Amazon , Captain Symons , which left Southampton on the 2 nd . inst ., for the West Indies and the Gulf of Mexico , has been totally consumed by fire , and of 162 persons who were on board her when she loft it is feared only twenty-one have been saved . The Amazon left Southampton at half past three o ' clock on Friday afternoon , and in tho Channel experienced strong head winds and rain . At a quavtev before one on Sunday morning , when tho ship was about 110 miles west-southwest of Scilly , a fire broke out suddenly , forward on tho stavboani side , between the steam chest and the under part of tho galley , and shortly after the flames rushed up the gangway which is in front of the foremost funnel . The
alarm bell was rung , and Captain Symons rushed on deck in his shirt and trowsers . Wet swabs and other loose things were placed on tho gratings of the spar deck hatch , and a hoso was brought to play on the main deck , but quickly abandoned in consequence of tho excessive heat , The deck pump was also kept at work until the men were forced to retire . Tho wind was blowing half a gale from south-wost and the vessel was going eight and a half knots , which was her average rate from the time of departure . Captain Symons ordered some hay , between the engine-room crank •'" gratings , to bo thrown overboard ; two trusses were BbVo over the ship ' s side , but tho fire soon ignited the main body , the hencoops on each side , and the paddleboxes , the men were obliged to abandon the deck , and those who could leave were all finally driven from the ship . Many were burnt in their berths , others suffocated , and a great number were drowned in the lowering of the boats .
Mr . Vincent ( son of Captain Vincent of the Severn ) , a midshipman in the Amazon , who was saved , has furnisned the following narrative : — " We loft Southampton with the West Indian and Mexican mails on board on Friday , the 2 nd inst . About twenty minutes to one on Sunday morning fire was observed bursting through the hatchway foresido of the fore funne ' . Every possible exertion ^ as made to put out the five , but all was ineffectual . The mail boat was lowered , with twenty or twenty-five persons in it , but was immediately swamped and went astern , tbe people clinging to one another . They were all lost . The pinnace was next lowered but she hung by tho fore tackle , and being swamped the * people were all washed out of her . In lowering the second cutter the sea raised her , and unhooked the fore tackle , so that she fell down perpendicularly , and all but two of tho persons in her were washed out .
" Captain Symons was all this time using his utmost exertions to save his passengers and crew . Sixteen men including two passengers , succeeded in lowering the lifeboat , and about the same time , I ( Mr . Vincent ) , with two men , the steward and a passenger , got into and lowered the dingy . In about half an hour the life-boat took the dingy ' s people into her , and bore down for the ship with the dingy in tow , but the sea increasing , and being nearly swamped , they were obliged to cast the dingy off and bring the boat head to sea . The masts went—first the foremast , and then the mizenmast . "About this time a bark passed astern of the lifeboat ; we hailed her with our united twenty-one voioes and thought she answered us , but she wore and stood under tlie stern of the burning vessel , and immediately hauled her wind and stood awav again .
" The gig with five hands was at this time some little way from us , but the sea was running so high we could render her no assistance , and Bhortly afterwards lost si <» ht ef her . ° " About four a . m . ( Sunday ) it was raining heavily , and tho wind shifted to the northward ; sea confused , but decreasing ; put tbe boat before the sea . At five o ' clock the ship ' s magazine exploded , and about half an hour afterwards the funnels went over tho sides and sbe sunk . At noon wo were picked up by tho Marsden , of London , Capt . Evans , by whom wo wero treated in the kindest manner possible . " The captain stood in to the coast of France , but the wind shifting to the southward he boro up for Pl ymouth , where he arrived at 10 . 50 p . m . on the 5 th , and were moat hospitably and kindly received by the landlord of the Globe Hotel . Mr . Neilaon , one of the only two passengers saved , confirms the above statement .
Of the immediate cause of the fire no probable account has yet transpired . One fact only is clear , tbat it originated in the engino room , and at a point totally apart from the coals . A feasible conjecture is tbat the machinery got so hented by friction as to ignite the woodwork , and this view is strengthened by the fact that on the vessel ' s experimental trip she had twice to be stopped for the purpose of cooling it . We believe it will also be found that sho had twice to be stopped during her passage from Southampton to Scill y f r tbe same purpose , the last time only a few hours before the firs . A court of proprietors was held on Wednesday , when Mr . Vincent confirmed his hasty account piven above , in which he mentioned the fact of the vessel being stopped to cool tbe bearings . It will cost the world of taste and letters a pang to find among the " missing" the name of Eiiot Warhurton , the gifted author of" The Crescent and the Cross . "
A subscription has been entered into at Southampton to assist tbe numerous widows and fatherless obildren who have been rendered so by the loss of the unfortunato Amazon . The Mayor has headed it with a subscription of £ 10 . Twelve of the crew of the Amazon that were saved arrived at Southampton on Wednesday evening . In addition to the heavy mail for the West Indies and Mexico , which was on board the Amazon , sbe had 1 , 100 tons of coal , specie to the value of £ 20 , 000 , quicksilver to the value of £ 5 , 000 , and 100 tons of cargo .
FURTHER PARTICULABS . Paris , Thursday , 11 30 a . m . —Letters from Brest announce the arrival , on the 5 th . of January , by a Dutch ves « sel , of six passengers arid nineteen of the crew of tb . 8 Enelish packet Amazon , which was destroyed by fire , — Chronicle .
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Tns Chabge of Card-cheating at Brighton . —Lewks , Tuesday . —In the course of tbe proceedi ngs in this easo before Mr . Justice Erie , at , Chambers , during the last week , Mr . Sill , the solicitor for tho prosecution , intimated to that learned judge bis intention under the peculiar circumstances of the case of appl y ing to the committing magistrates at Brighton to appoint tlie chief officer of police of that , town ( Captain Chase ) to be the prosecutor instead of Mr . Harap , and Mr . Justice Erie made the order for tho use of the necessary affidavits for that pur « pose . Tho Brighton magistrates being in sessions here to * day Mr . Sill appeared before them , and having explained the circumstances which had satisfied them that Captain Chase should , be substituted for Mr . Hamp , the magistrates at once . acceded t <) "tlie application , and Captain Chase was accordingly bound Over in his recognisances of £ 500 td prosecute at tbe' ensuing assizes , and Mr ; Sill was at the same time desired to continue in tbe conduct of the pro «
sec ut ion . The , Roiai . Observatory axd Elkctric . Telegraph . ** Arrangements arc how being made , with the consent of tn © South Eastern Railway Cpmp-ny and at the request of tha Astronomer-Royal , for . pjacing the Royal Observatory at Greenwich m connexion with the wires of the Electric Telegraph Company , which will give facilities for instantaneoua astronomical observation at . one and the same , time in all parts of the kingdom , and by means of the submarine tele « graph with ^ earlyj ^ parte ^^ e . content . Tnoother win ¦ # » h
aa vantages . may ««" <> u— . * « .,. inoB « oi ascertain * ing the difference m the longitude of places , and of regula « ting the national time by tie uniform ' standard of Green * .. The" Perth ^ Courier ' . ' S ^ tS ^^ vPerthshire poachers are catching hareB bju ia ^ g ^ nlls ^ urated ia chloroform beside thejr food , ^ $ : $ ? , & % *' ' % J 'if ¦ " '¦ '¦ ¦ •¦ ¦¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ T * V 3 *!« V ^ . ^^^^* M ¦ y S-- / ^^ '' : f s' 3 r j . /" - *« r - ¦ s ! . : ; : ; ; : /• ¦ . < $ > & - t . "' -i , vj ~» r *« ' -: " ¦ ¦ ¦ : ¦ - ; $ * * ^' r " : ^ i I
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) M 10 lm - THE NORTHERN STAR __^_^_ 7 "i - "¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ T" ¦ ¦ ¦ / ¦ ' " ' n
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 10, 1852, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1660/page/7/
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