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Ktijtetos.
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ftoifrg*
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VwittiM.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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UEVER FEAE . Xever fear , never fear ! gee the light is yonder g leaming , Time for action now is here , Men hare long enough been dreaming ; Break the bigot ' s staffed say , « Join the stream ! bring on the day I Every doubt shall pass away : Never fear ! Kever fear , never fear ! Tjcht and darkness straggle ever , Long the battle may appear ; Bat shall darkness gain , it ? Never . Face to face the foes have met , And the clonds are o er as yet , Bnt the day will brighter get : Never fear !
2 ? eTer fear , never fear ! See tbe march of education ; Xotalone to wealthy peer , Bat to men of hnmble station . ¦ All shall burst the darkened cell , Learn toread , and write , and spell , Andalittlemore as well : Never fear ! Sever fear , neverfear ! Popes and Cardinals have flourished ; Tyranny must disappear , Bv the soil no longer nourished . Men a litt'e wiser grow , All things change and onward flow , Popes have come , and Popes will go : Soar fear I
Never fear , never fear ! Hope shall whisper words of kindness , Preindice shall disappear , Stripped of all its wretched blindness ; Scales from bigot eyes shall fall , And mankind , both great and small , Find the world was made for all : Sever fear ! ^
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The Dublin Renew , tfo . 62 . London : Bichardson and Sons , Fleet-street . This is the quarterly exponent of the views of the Koman Catholic party in this country , and whatever may he said as to the tenets of the Church of Home , or die political consequences of its ecclesiastical system , it is impossible to withhold from the 'Dublin Review' the credit of great literary ability , conjoined with controversial powers and critical acumen , which would do honour to the best disputants trained in the most ultrarProtestant school of free inquiry and full
discussion . Into the doctrinal and purely polemical ; aspects of the question between Papacy and Protestantism , we are happily not required , by onr position as political journalists , to enter . Were we inclined to do so , however , we should find in the article on Father Gentili ample proof , that however Catholicism may succeed in subordinating the will , the passions , and the intellect to one great purpose , and thus present an example of organisation and unity not to be found among Protestant sects , this object is attained at the sacrifice of some things
higher and more precious to humanity than what is gained in their place . Few can lament more deeply the incoherent , incongruous , and subversive state of society than we do , or more anxiously desire to see its jarring elements harmonised , its conflicting interests reconciled . Bnt , in order to produce a genuine and lasting unity , it must be produced by fusion , not mechanical compression . The combined and harmonised action of society should spring from the enlightened action of all the human faculties—not from the obliteration of all that constitutes the life of each
individual , and his perversion into the unreasoning instrument of the will of a supreme superior , whose decrees must neither be questioned nor evaded . Father Gentili seems to have given much trouble to hia superiors before they could reduce him to the requisite mill-horEe obedience . He could not help thinking for himself , and , as a consequence , occasionally acting in accordance with his own profound conviction of what was right ; and this brought down upon Mm repeated and severe reproofs . In one instance , a wide field of usefulness opened up to him in the religious instruction of a large number of the poorest and most destitute children in Rome , as well
as poor adults , who were charitably removed , to some extent , from temptat ions to evil courses . To this work he devoted himself with great zeal , notwithstanding his first Ecruples , arising from ' the obedience he owed bis superior , ' -who had commanded his return . The Abate Rosmini speedily convinced him that the Church of Some permits no such independent action on the part of its priests . To give way to benevolent impulses , to speak frankly the feelings and emotions of the heart , to enter upon works of mercy and charity , without leave of the superior , is designated in the article before us ' the deceit of the Devil and his own self-love . The
Abate writes to him in the following style : You say you felt an inspiration to do so . But I wish you had fewer inspirations , and more firmness , and more obedience above all This talking with so many about our affairs , and your acting as my procurator , are not entirely in accordance with the spirit of our Institute , which recommends ub rather to be unobtrusive , humble , and contented . ' It appears to have been a long time before Father Gentili ' s mind was deprived of all re-active and independant volition . In a subsequent part of his career , while residing in this country as a missionary , in Leicestershire , it was resolved by Father Pagani , the
superior , to remove him to Birmingham , on a new mission . For what appeared to him sufficient reasons , he opposed this change , defeated it , aHd wrote to the Father General' to explain his reasons . The reply breathes the very essence of despotism . It is a severe and stern exposition of the supreme « holiness of « a total abnegation of your own judgment , and a perfect obedience to your superiors , ' which Kerns to be the Alpha and Omega of the Roman Catholic Church in ecclesiastical matters , and which , as * e know by the recent revelations from Naples and elsewhere , is but too faithfully and strictly applied to matters political also , wherever the opportunity Permits . J
We cannot hel p giving the impressions produced jponi the mind of an Italian and a sincere Catholic » J his first sight of London , and hig subsequent opinions when resident among the green pastures and « hite fleeces of Leicester . Father Gentili is , howler , not singular in interpreting God ' s judgments according to his own notions , and devoting to Satan j ^ th at does not exactly hamonise with what is right and wrong ; the spirit of Bigotry is the same , whefter it displays itself in the Roman Catholic Priest ° r the itinerant Ranting tub thumper , though the Session of it may be more polished in the one than
" > e other . Here is Gentili ' s description of London : — . ^ e seemed to be really entering the city of Pinto : black ^ ses , a black sky , black shipping , and black looking * mors—filth y to an extreme degree—the waters of the Uftines were tinged with a colour between black and jeiiow , and emitted a stench highly offensive : on land , * prevailed a confused noise , with horses , carriages , no men of every condition running and crossing each j tUers patb-infine , to make along story short , here the ™ ru k seen enthroned , exercising his tyrannical sway over fetched mortals . * His missionary life in Leicestershire seemB to have » een scarcel y more agreeable : —
Herelam , among heretics ; alas ! what a humiliation it 1 £ m Ti ° ^ H . ° J Church «« beb ° his mother here fi « L 7-,, Cplori ^! e slaTer y ! TO « t errors , vices , mise . J « , Md lolly prevail ! Who will give tears sufficient to < M \ Za * y 0 Ter snch a desolate state of things ? «« jod fiments are insorutable ; bnt it appears a divine ** ZtT *¦? fidIen n P ° n tbis land - » is a chao ? , where S 5 * nw t ' Ha } P ™™ horror inhabited . Even nature ^ nnfi-r COnc 1 f ln red . ucing it to this condition ; for the W arfr ge e U speaking , presents nothing to view but ^ ondrVj , 2 *** ' The atmosphere is almost always a lea < fen , when ? il 8 n ° ws itself serene , it appears with , ™« en coloured veil , which weighs down nn £ * snirif »
tfcen 7 are those evenings and < Says of another clime—* ardstt orD » OTat noontide , I conld raise my eyes to-^ H tfr . T . brU ! iant beamS l and at night , to the starry ! . d ] ^ I jsarnre sky , and feel at the same time , my ^ ere in « world ^ mindful , wholly absorpt in God t ! raised - ' amid tbe * arW 5 "g of nightingales , I used ° * anpn -7 ? " psalms and canticles , in behalf of my fr l o ^ n *?• ?? the Church ' s warts , to the Creator ' s *»*« « £ « ** i . Here *** c < mlral 7 . flock of garrulous ^ edS y stunning my ears , render my abode still 5 ClJi We can easiI y comprehend how an Italian l iJJ kjgforthe brilliant skieaof his own bright Stlfo 7 bBt really we must protest againBt ourhaybej n ' brave ° 1 < 1 oaks / and pleasant old rookeries , kCT ^ as evidences of a 'divine maledic * m England , because she is heretical . * Sup-
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posing the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster succeeds in restoring her to the fold of the One True Church , shall we have 'the aun ' s brilliant beams , 'the starry vault of Ital y ' s azure sky , ' and the warbling of nightingales , in the north of England ? But enough of this , which we have only introduced to show how muoh we differ from the essential principle of the ecclesiastical system of the Romish Church . The first article is a readable and well executed review of Wordsworth ' s Life and Writings , which is characteristically introduced by a tirade against the 'Libraries of frantic novels , ' which posine the Cardinal' ArchbishoD of WpAfminnfAr
Are issued weekly and monthly by the press , at prices varying from a penny to a shilling , the least faults of which are that they corrupt the taste , and the worst , that they corrupt the hearts of the riaing generation . Numerous infamous bookshops ( continues the author ) are supported in every large town in the united kingdom , by the almost exclusive sale of these immoral publications . They are sold rathe Btreets and at the railway stations , and are read by the idle at home , by the traveller on his journey , and above all , on Sundays , by miliners and tradespeople , who are connnedto sedentary occupations during the week . The best of these publications are written as if all the functions of the soul as well as the toils of the body were confined to
this world ; they never cast one earnest glanee heavenward , and if the name be mentioned at all , it is merely as a figure of speech to express earthly felicity . Their virtue is the outpouring of mere natural benevolence and kindheartednesi , and thus they are calculated indirectly to effect thatwhich the worst openly attempt , the destruction of the faith and morality of the gospel . From the weakness and corruption of the human heart , such writings , however contemptible as literary productions , will be far more widely circulated , and consequently far more remunerative , than those which touch with the most exquisite tenderness the highest and holiest impulses and sympathies of man s immortal spirit .
Shepherd ' s ' Early History of the Popery' from the Protestant point of view , undergoes a searching and severe ordeal , and the grounds on which a Catholic University' should be established in Ireland are ably set forth from the Roman Catholic point of view . Indeed , of all the articles in the present number , this is the one we should most recommend to the attention of the general reader . At the present time , when education is exciting so much interest , all who are active in the cause should know what can be said in favour of the supreme importance of dogmatic and authoritative theological instruction , and the utter subordination of secular and scienific instruction .
The article , however , which is likely most deeply to interest the general reader , is that entitled State Bishops . * There the Catholics fairly have the Established Church on the hip . Whatever may be said against the utter abnegation of will and thought required from such a man as Father Gentili , still hia fife , devoted to the service of his fellow man , according to his own sincere convictions and his death in the midst of labours directed to the amelioration of famine and pestilence in the terrible year 1848 , present a marked contrast to the selfishness , greediness , and vulgar wrangling about stipends , not unmixed with the actual dishonesty , which has characterised the career of too many of our State Bishops . They are indeed shepherds who shear , not tend their flocks . * The Age of Honesty' is a well
written exposure of the fradulent adulterations which are now perpetrated in almost every department of industry and commerce under our hi gh pressure competitive system . Taking the revelations of the 'Lancet' and other recent authorities , here is a portrait of ' the Englishman' as a French draughtsman might sketch him from his own writings : —¦ The Englishman is naturally of a sad and melancholic disposition , and chooses his habitation accordingly . It has been gravely asserted by an Alderman of London , ( a gastronomic officer of the corpora tion , ) that its most cheerful and health y spot , is the great cattle market called Schmidtfeld , and the rich merchants have their warehouses and shops close to graveyards , where they imbibe a pestilential and most noxious air , at every breath .
The water supplied to him and his family to drink , is of various qualities , differing one from the other in the amount of animal life with which each abounds . The • Lancet" has published a series of pictures , full of animation , representing the scenes which occur in every glass of water drunk in different localities . These comprehend not only Lambeth , Southwark , and places inhabited by the poor , but Bampstead , Bichmond , and many other fashionable abodes of the rich . "When he rises in the morning he refreshes himaelf at breakfast with a cup of tea , black or green . The first is often composed , according to his own statements , of syeamor «? , horse-chesnnt , or sloe leaves , or of a tea already used , and got np again with SHl phate of iron and mica .
The second is invariably a perniciously drugged compound , containing China clay , Prussian blue , verdigris , arseniate of copper , potash , and various learned preparations of lead . Or he prefers coffee , which , T » ith few exceptions , is a mixture of chicory , itself grossly adulterated , with a portion of coffee , and sometimes acorns , mangel-wurzel , and ground corn . To this he adds milk copiously diluted with water , and perhaps a dark Bugar , swarming with hideous acarides , and filled with cane splinters , sand and grit . If he be recommended cocoa , and procure soluble or homeepathic preparations of it , he is , more than ten to one , drinking an infusion of flour , potato , sago , arrowroot , or Indian corn , possibly coloured by some metallic earth . 2 fay , further , if for the sake of health he procure
ior nimseit or onnuren more expensive foods , made up in half-crown packets , under the name of Exvalenta , or Revalenta , Soojee , Prince of Wales ' s food , &c , he has the cruel satisfaction of knowing that he is taking water and pea-flour , or potato-starch , or lentil flour , which costs , to the mendacious advertiser , ( that denies its presence in his nostrum ) just one penny . With these deleterious drinks he eats plentifully of bread strongly impregnated with alum which make 3 it light , not only in quality , but in weight . ' When he comes to dinner he does better , because he feeds greatly upon meat , in which none can excel him . Bnt the moment he turns aside from the simple produce of the field or garden , he relapses into his conscious participation of noxious aliments . He drinks beer or porter , potently medicated with coculus indieus , grains of Darndisa
copperas , or liquorice ; or | wine manufactured from indigenous berries . If he Mason his meat with what he calls mustard , he knows it is mainly flour coloured and spiced with turmeric ; if with pepper , hah" of it is flour . Into liis salad he pours oil not of the olive , and vinegar not of the grape . If he relish his arrow-root , it is proof that his taste i 3 Hibernian , and loves the potato ; if he prefer jelly , and buys isinglass for it , he knows , all the time , that it is a perfectly different animal substance . In this way he lives contented , always muttering threats and grumbling at the dishonesty in the world , always confident he can do anything he likes , and that he ou » ht to have the best of everything , but still submitting to a tyrannical system of vexation and roguery .
With respect to the authorised adulteration of coffee by chicory , tlie writer says : — The most astounding case of adulteration , connected with this vegetable , remains to be told . Wo remember a certain notorious radical , in the days when the term was almost libellous , of the name of Hunt , who was prosecuted and cast in heavy penalties for selling , not even under the name of coffee , but under that of " breakfast powder " an innocent fatina of roasted beans .- Well now , in these days of free trade , the same authority which pursued him permits the adulteration of coffee with chicory , and thereby
opena the door to every species of fraud . For what does the reader think chicory is ? Why itself the most adulterated of adulterations . The following is a list of the sub-Btances with which this drug , called by the Chancellor of the Exchequer " a wholesome and nmritious " substance is occasionally mixed , previous to its being added to coffeepowder : Carrots , parsnip , mangel-wurzel , beans , lupin seeds , wheat , rye , dog-biscuit , burnt sugar , red earth horse-chestnuts , acorns , oak-bark tan , mahogany saw-dust Venetian red , and though last , not least , baked horses ' livers .
Round about the cauldron go , In the poisoned entrails throw . If so foul an outrage upon honesty , decency , health , and humanity can be fully substantiated , we can hardly think any severity too great in punishing it .
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History of the Whig Ministry of 1830 , to the Passing of the Reform , BUI . By J . R . Roebuck , M . P . 2 Vols . London : Parker . The appearance of this work has been nicely timed . Simultaneously with the proposal of a New Reform Bill , Mr . RoebuckgivesuBthehisto ryoftheparty who introduced , and the story of the influencesand obstructions whichaccompanied the passing of the first some twenty years ago . Many of the more prominent and influential actors in that great political drama are still on the stage ; but how changed is the east of the piece ! Among those withdrawn by death are Lords Grey andDurham , p aniel O'Connell , and Shiel . Macaulev has retired from active political life ; Stanley and Graham have become the opponents and rivals of
those with wnom tney then fought Bide by side and even the first Lord Chancellor , under the Reform Bill , now faces a Whig government from the front opposition bench in the Lords . Other changes might be enumerated , bnt they would lead ug astray from the main object of this notice of Mr . Roebuck ' s work . Briefly the result of all these changes may be summed up in thiB : The first Reform Bill so far transcended the expectations of any measure likely to emanate from the ruling clatg as , that the country became suddenly almost delirious ; and in its frenzy raised a cry for ' the bill , the whole bill , and nothing but the bill , ' which has de scended to us as the most notable incident of these times . The se-
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cond Reform Bill falls so far below either the fears of the Conservatives , or the hopes of the Reformers , that it excites neither antagonism nor support . It has fallen almost still-born . Lord John has imparted to his last production his own political torpidity . He is the Rip Van Winkle of politicians . Having fallen asleep in 1832 lie has woke up in 1852 under the impression that things have been ( standing still ever since . To write contemporary history is , perhaps , the most difficult task that can be undertaken . Especially difficult to the man who has taken an active , and necessarily to some extent , a partisan part in the events narrated . It appears to be a law of nature that the historian should get at a considerable distance both from the times and the actors before he can estimate trul y the relative magnitude and bearing of events and men On the other hand , what is gained in general accuracy , is perhaps lost by the absence of those minute cond TMTn tmi r it r i 1 11 1
details which give life and vigour to the so-called historical novels of the author of' Waverley , ' and ahost of imitators who have aimed at fillingup the outlines traced by History . But it is not easy for a man to rise above the passions and prejudices of his times , or even to get more than a partial glimpse of the facts themselves ; and perhaps of all men living , the 'hon . and learned member for Sheffield' is the one from whom we should least expect such superiority . Acute in perception , within a narrow range of observation , and epigrammatic in style , he is a capital pamphleteer ; but the very qualities that fit him for
that portion , or the part of . a biting ^ nd caustic critic in the House of Commons unfit him for themeasured and dignified impartiality of history . His history ' is characterised by all the peculiarities of his speeches , even toihe snappish and snarling tone which pervades them , and the prevailing tendency of his mind , to turn ' the seamy side of everything outwards . If there is any person for whom the cynical senator entertains a sincere respe ct for , it is the ' noble friend ' from whom he has evidently derived a large portion of his inspiration in writing this history and even he does not escape a'showing up , ' which throws a strong suspicion on the truthfulness of other parts of the narrative , in which it is evident that Lord Brougham could alone have supplied the information which tended to his own self-glorification . As an illustration of this , take the two following stories in conjunction : —
I have often heard Lord Brougham relate a ciroumstance connected with this celebrated motion , which vividly illustrates the ignorance of the Administration , even at the eleventh hour , as to the real feelings of the people . The members of tho Cabinet who were not in the House of Commons dined that day with the Lord Chancellor ; whose Secretary , Mr . now Sir Denis Le Marchant , sat under the gallery of the Commons , and sent half-hour bulletins to the noble lord , describing the progress of the debate . They ran thus :- " Lord John has been up ten minutes ; House very full ; great interest and anxiety shown . Another came describing the extraordinary sensation produced by the plan on both sides of the house . At last oame one saying : — " Lord John is near the end of
his speech , my next will tell you who follows him . " " Now , " said the noble host and narrator of the 9 tory , " we had often talked over and guessed at the probable course of the Opposition , and I always said , were I in Peel s place , I would not condescend to argue the point , but would , as soon as Lord John Russell sat down , get up and declare that I would not debate so revolutionary , 80 mad a proposal ; and would insist upon dividing upon it at onoe . If he does this , I used to say , we are dead beat ; but if he allows himself to be drawn into a discussion , we shall 6 uoceed . When Le Marchant ' s bulletin at length came which was to tell us the course adopted by the Opposition , I held the note unopened in my hand , and laughing said—Now this decides our fate , therefore let us take a glass of wine each all round , in order that we may , with proper nerve , read the fatal missive . Having done so , I opened the note , and seeing the first line , which waB— "Peel has been up twenty minuteB . " I
nourished the note round my head , and shouted " Hurrah ! hurrah ! Victory ! victory ! Peel has been speaking twenty minutes ; and so we took another glass to congratulate ourselves upon our good fortune . " Such is the anecdote ; which proves , among other things , how uncertain as guides are such anecdotes for history . The events doubtless occurred much as Lord Brougham is accustomed to relate them ; but Sir Robert Peel did not speak on that night ' s debate , Sir John Seabright seconded Lord John Russell ' s motion , and Sir Robert Inglis was the next succeeding speaker , in vehement , nay , fierce reply to Lord John . But I relate the story , because it proves how little aware the Ministry was of the state of popular feeling ; how little they knew of the intensity of that feeling , when they believed that Sir Robert Peel eoxM so have disposed of the proposed measure . So daring and insolent a disregard of popular opinion would have risked everything which Sir Robert Peel and every wise man holds dear .
The next is evidently Lord Brougham ' s account of the mode in which the King ; was persuaded to dissolve Parliament in April , 1831 : — On the morning , however , of the 22 nd , Lord Grey and the Lord Chancellor waited on the King , in order to request that ho would instantl y , and on that day , dissolve the house . The whole scene of this interview of the King and his Ministers , as related by those who could alone describe it , is a curious illustration of the way in which the great interests of mankind ote . n seem to depend on petty incidents , and in which ludicrous puerilities often mix " themselves up with events most important to the welfare of whole nations . The neoessity of a dissolution had long been foreseen and decided on by the Ministers : but the
King had not yet been persuaded to consent to so bold a measure ; and now the two chiefs of the Administration were about to intrude themselves into the Royal closet , not oaly to advise and aak for a dissolution , but to request the King on the sudden—on this very day , and within a few hours , to go down and put an end to his parliament in the midst of the session , and with all the ordinary business of the session yet unfinished . The bolder mind of the Chancellor took the lead , and Lord Grey anxiously solicited him to manage the King on the occasion . So soon as they were admitted , the Chancellor , with some care and circumlocution , propounded to the King the objeot of the interview they had sought . The startled Monarch no sooner understood the drift of the Chancellor ' a somewhat periphrastic
statement , than he exclaimed in wonder and anger against the very idea of such a proceeding . " How is it possible , my Lords , that I can after this fashion repay the kindness f parliament to tho Queen and myself ? They have just granted me a most liberal civil list , and to the Queen a splendid annuity in case she survives me . " The Chancellor confessed that they had , as regarded his Majesty , been a liberal and wiBe parliament , but ; said , that nevertheless their further existence was incompatible with the peaoe and safety of the kingdom . Both he and Lord Grey then strenuously insisted uppn the absolute necessity of their request , and gave his Majesty to understand , that tbis advioe was by his Ministers unanimously resolved on , and that they felt themselves unable to conduct the affairs of the country
in the present condition of the parliament . This last statement made tbe King feel that a general resignation would be the consequence of a further refusal : of this , in spite of his authority , ho was at the moment really afraid , and therefore he , by employing petty excuses , and suggesting small and temporary difficulties , soon began to show that he was about to yield . " But , my Lords , nothing is prepared—the great officers of state are not summoned . " " Pardon me , Sir , " said the Chancellor , bowing with profound apparent humility ., "we have taken the great liberty of giving them to understand that your Majesty " commanded their attendance at the proper hour . " " But , my Lords , the crown and the robes , and other things needed , are not prepared . ' " Again I most humbly entreat vour Maieatv'a
pardon for my boldness , " said tho Chancellor , "they are all prepared and ready—tho proper officers being desired to attend in proper form and time . " " But , my Lords , " said the King , reiterating the form in which he put his objection , " you know the thing is wholly impossible ; the guards , the troops , have had no orders , and cannot be reaiiy m time . " This objection was in reality the most formidable one . The orders to the troops on such occasions emanate always directly from the King , and no person but the King can in truth command them for such service ; and as the Prime Minister and daring Chancellor well knew the nature of Royal susceptibility on such matters , they were in no Blight degree doubtful and anxious as to the result . The Chancellor , therefore , with some real heaitation , began
again as before , " Pardon me , Sir ; we know how bold tbe step is , that , presuming on your great goodness , and your anxious desire for the safety of your kingdom and happinesB of your people , we have presumed to take—I have given orders , and the troops are ready . " The King started in serious anger , flamed red in the face , and burst forth with , " What , my Lords , have you dared to act thus ? Suoh a thing was never heard of . You , my Lord Chancellor , ought to know , that such an aot is treason , high treason , my Lord . " "Yes , Sir , " said the Chancellor , " I do know it ; and nothing but my thorough knowledge of your Majesty ' s goodness , of your paternal anxiety for the good of your people , and my own solemn belief that the safety of the state depends upon this day ' s proceedings , could have emboldened me to the performance of so unusual , and in ordinary circumstances so improper a proceeding . In all
humility I submit myself to your Majesty , and am ready in my own person to bear all the blame and receive all the punishment which your Majesty may deem needful ; but I again entreat your Majesty " to listen to us and to follow our counsel , and , as you value the security of your crown and the peace of your realms , to yield to our moat earnest solicitations . " After some further expostulations b y both his Ministers , the King cooled down , and consented . Having consented , he became anxious that everything sh ould be done in the proper manner , and gave minute directions respecting the ceremonial . The speech to be spoken by him at the prorogation was ready prepared and in the Chan , cellor ' s pocket . To this he agreed—desired that everybody might punctually attend , and dismissed his Ministers for tho moment , with something between a menace and a joke upon the audacity of their proceeding .
Here it will . be seen that the Ex-Chancellor holds himself up as the man ' who did it all , ' even to the extent of lording it over the king in an exceeding
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free and off-hand manner . With respect to tho m , racter of the < Sailor King' who , during his s ho ^ reign , achieved so much popularity by Hi apparent share m passing the Reform Bill , it appears that Lord Brougham and Mr . Roebuck differ materially in their estimate of his character . There is indeed usuallyXvast disparity between the fulsome eulogies lavished , on living monarchs , and the plain dealing criticism which follows them to their graves : — " Lord Brougham , " says Mr . Roebuck , " is accustomed to describe IV . as frank , just , and straightforward . I believe him to have been very weak and very false ; a finished dissembler , and always bitterly hostile to the Whig Ministry and their great measure of reform . He pretended
to have unbounded confidence in them , and great respect for their opinion , even while ho was plotting their overthrow , and adopting every means in his power to hamper them in their conduot , and to depredate them in the estimation of the world . All the documents I have seen which relate more immediately to the king , —and they have been for the most part , letters written by his command , and at his dictation , —have led me to this conclusion . As a ' lookeron , scanning carefully every word , and comparing letters written at different periods , and under very different states of mind , I could not resist the evidence whic h forced this opinion upon me , though I can well understand why Lord Brougham finds it impossible to share it with me . The kindness and generosity of his own nature make him give easy credence to kind professions in others . The off-hand of the therefore
hearty manner king , , imposed upon his chancellor . The very weakness of the kind , too , gave him strength . Hie capacity was notoriously contemptible and Lord Brougham could not , for a moment , believe himself the dupe of parts so inferior ; and yet , in truth , was he deceived , The trained artifice of a mean spirit misled and cajoled the confiding generosity of a great and powerful mind ; and , to this hour , Lord Brougham asserts that the king was a sincere reformer , and earnest , throughout the struggle which followed the introduction of the Reform Bill , in his expressed desire to have that measure passod in all its integrity . My opinion as to this matter is full y stated in tbe history which I have given of all the transactions connected with it ; and I am now only anxious to declare that'in that opinion Lord Brougham does not coincide , and for it cannot . be held responsible . "
It is a wonder that , with a sovereign so hostile and double-dealing , and a ministry really but half inclined to do their work , that the bill ever passed at all . It can only be attributed to' the pressure from without , ' which made it impossible for them to recede from the position they had taken up . We well remember that they were willing to do so if they could . We were actively engaged in the struggle in Edinburgh , and came into frequent contact -with the leaders of the Whig party in that city . At the height of the excitement a baronet , now deceased , who was in the confidence of the government , and who became afterwards a species of member manufacturer general for Scotland , received a letter in which an opinion was asked as to whether the hill would he accepted with a
£ 20 instead of a £ 10 Franchise . The answer to that question was , a black-flag procession , and a meet * ing in the King ' s Park , at whioh resolutions were passed of a nature which , in conjunction with the attitude taken by the people at other similar demonstrations , convinced Lord Grey that the time for wavering or fluctuating had passed away for ever . Mr . Roebuck sketches a number of portraits of the public men who took an active part in the great parliamentary revolution , and had space permitted we should h ave liked to enable our readers to contrast his picture of late Sir Robert Peel with that drawn by Disraeli , the which we gave a short time ago from his life of Lord 6 . Bentinck : we must , however , reserve this and further notice of what , with all its faults , is a book that will attract much attention , for a future occasion .
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A SUBSCRIPTION FOR EUROPEAN FREEDOM . TO THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND . It is no longer a time in which the people of these islands can Btand aloof from European movements . Our present and future interests , our honour , perhaps our existence , are all more or less involved in the result of the war which , begun four years since in Europe , will have soon to be renewed . Whether late sad events in France may or may not retard the moment of renewal , still it is clear that the preseat state of the continent is but a state of truce—a mere breathing-time until the opponent armies— " CoBsack or Republican "—shall be prepared to fight out their quarrel .
On which side should we appear ? On the side of the Czar and the Jesuits—Brute-Force and Fraud—or on the side of Right and Freedom , the party of European Democracy ? Can we hesitate ? Now especially , since France has fallen into the Russian oamp ? The more need for our exertion , the more momentous our duty . Have not our hearts already promised for us-burning with indignation when despotic " order" reigned in Warsaw—when heroic Rome fell before her dastardly assailants ? Did not our voices repeat tho same generous impulse when millions shouted welcome to the Prisoner of Kutayeh ? Poland is 3 'efc unredeemed ; Italy is in bondage ; the Hungarian Exile has left our shores : our voices are hushed—can our hearts be silent too ? Have we done enough in feeling strongly , in giving tongue to our vehement thought ? When Despotism , trampling upon France , scowls on us across
the narrow seas—when alread y we are bidden to drive the refugees , the martyrs , from our shores , or else beware the Cossack—shall we be content , with some talkers who never do , in " passing the challenge to America , " calling upon America to give active service to the cause of progress , because we can afford only a wordy sympathy ? Let us do something to show that our sympathy is not mere " idle wind "; something to disprove the imputation that we are but a set of selfish traders , with no abiding reverence for the heroic and the true ; something in earnest protest against the cowardly and unprincipled dogma of non-intervention which is put forth as the sum and substance of our faith in God , as our best interpretation of duty to our neighbour . Let us make at least a beginning of real help for the struggling peoples of Europe . To this end we , whose names are hereunto subjoined , ask our countrymen and countrywomen to aid us in raising
A SUBSCRIPTION FOR EUROPEAN FREEDOM . We propose to collect a subscription of one shilling each from every earnest friend of freedom : one shilling yearly , if the continuance of the struggle shall require it : and that the sum so collected shall be paid into the London and Westminster Bank , to tbe joint credit of Joseph Mazzini and Louis Kossutn for the use of the European Demooratic Committee . The province of the undersigned will be simply to act as treasurers : to receive and acknowledge subscriptions , from individuals , from individual collectors , or from committees ( which it is hoped will soon be formed in every looality ) ; and to account for the entire sum to the whole body of subscribers . So soon as a sum of £ 50 shall be collected , a credit will be opened with the London and Westminster Bank in tho names of Mazzini and Kossuth ; and thereafter each of the treasurers will pay ia his receipts bo often as they amount to £ 10 .
It is requested that all persons collecting for this subscription will furnish to the treasurers the name , address , and calling , of each subscriber : except when any » ubscriber may prefer giving only initials , or suoh mark as may identify that particular subscription in a printed list : the undersigned promising to publish , on the 1 st of January , 1853 , a list of all who shall have contributed to the subscription . The subscription is limited to One Shilling from each person , in order to obtain the greatest possible number of subscribers ; that Europe may see how many of us really oare for the freedom of the nations , how many of us abjure the shameful doctrines of non-intervention and peace-atany-price .
The subscription will not indicate a preferral of war , nor any disposition to meddle with the internal politics of other countries ; but it will be an emphatio recognition of the duty which the strong owe to the struggling , which one people owes to another—an assertion of the universal right to combat iniquity—and an expression of respect for those who dare all honest things to achieve their freedom . We would have it distinctly understood that the subsoription is not for any special mode of action ; but to help the Btruggle for European freedom in whatever manner it may seem good to Europe to work that out . Neither is it for any particular form of freedom whioh we may think best fitted for suoh a time or place ; but for suob freedom as the nations themselves may choose . Only on these grounds let any subscribe .
It is to help the struggle for European Freedom : not merely for Italy or Hungary . The money is not for any local preparation , for any partial attempt but for the European War , whenever and wherever that shall again break out . We would offer it as our contribution to the Cause of Humanity , our protest against the policy that excludes us from bearing our share of the warfare in which all Humanity is concerned , the earnest of our intent to be again a nation among the nations—an organised and active worker for Freedom and for right . Rev . Charles Clarke , 155 , Buccleuoh-street Glasgow Thomas Cooper , 5 , Park-row , Knightsbridge , London ; Joseph Cowen , junr ., Blaydon-Burn , Newcastleon-Tyne ; George Dawaon , M . A ., Birmineham : B ,
a . uorne , foiieee-road , ilaverstook-hill , London ; Dr . Frederick Richard Lees , Leeds ; William James Lmton , MiteBide , Ravenglass , Cumberland : Henry Lonsdale , M . D ., i , Devonshire-street . Carlisle Rev David Maginnig . Belfast ; George Searle Phillips "VYest-parade , Iluddersfield ; James Watson , 3 Oueen s Head-passage , Paternoster . row , London . N . B .-Smgle subscriptions may be sent in postage stamps ; but it would be better to send a number of subscriptions together by a post-office order . All sums below twenty ¦ shillings to bo sent toione of the Honorary Seorotanes to the Subscription-Joseph Cowen , junr ., Blaydon-Burn , Newcastle-on-Tyne ; W Linton , ' Miteside , Ravenglass , Cumberland , to whom all inquiries are to be addressed . * They who can afford more , need not stint their liberality Thm
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BoG-LAND .-The extent of bog-land reolaimable in Ireland amounts to 3 , 000 , 000 acres . An Embrace . — " Once more locked in each , other ' s arms ! ' as one cab wheel said to another in the Strand . hnv sms raay ^ P * 'y compared to many very great abrid ' d " ^ increa 8 e in real Talue in the P P ° ° n they are bareainB N " \? - Adam Smith ' " 1 S aa anJmal that makes bon « » 5 a otller an " Hal does this—no dog exchanges m wicn another . " trainme fn r ? J WCHES - -Some ostriches are said to be in horse Thar V that th < jy can beat tueswifte 8 t race-T . DRui r ridden by a little boy . bis own SoT " ' ^ ely trle , dt 0 get a policeman to arrest scoundrel kept following hff iDt W 8 S th 8 t ^ llMookuig ract ™ m be & } Liverpool .- " What her oiathink what thine oiBSu be ^? 7 Jud « ment' Read * r » to be ad A Sed fJfSS ? inK ° ^ '' not all Tl hostility to the memory of thfCrn ? COnB ^ uence of lt B Doing it Thoroughly —A inal . - « . huBband , changed her r ' elieion £ " Parating . f «> ni her said , to avoid fi . companyiRi , Sf * ST& **
UOME TO WANT . — " I am nfrniH „ ,, mi , want , " said an old I&dy to a younj L ^ leman W come to want already , " was the repW- ™ i 7 ' Ihave daughter . " The old lady opened her e / es * WaUt your Ihb LAIBGALES .-During the late heavy eaUs tha «»» on the coast of Portugal has been terrific , breafiJin * veS places six miles mland-a circumstance which has not been known for the laBt twenty years . Deen French Political Prisoners . —M . Lepelletier d'Aulnav the President of the Court of Appeal , stated last week that at me present moment there were upwards of 30 , 000 persona w prison in France for political offences . Ihb Ragged School Shoe-Blacks , during the Great Exhibition in London , cleaned 101 , 000 pairs of boats and shoes , and receivednhe sum of £ 505 12 s . 10 d ., being an average of a i ?* per day for each b ° yr . « ^ Rkshkr . —There is a woman thresher to be seen at Rockliff . She can knock off twenty stooks of wheat m one day , and " lap" the straw with tho greatest ease . She oner * a challenge to any man in Cumberland—Carlisle
mJf Fa * s .-From the report of the Common Law Com-~ nfT " iTO ? that the fees on an undefended action « Sf B * J * *?• 6 d - inoludiD 8 a fee of 2 s - t 0 the me ^ rlSoatK " ^ °° ™ oners ™ " n W ^ n ' f ^ l 1 tbr «^ a countlf y t ° w » ' observeda fellow ftrrJ « , tOok V , M ? Mend , " said he , "Iadvise you , ss 5 S ** s « sf- ttij = s « i : the amount is often eighteen or twenty millions .
ZlmTSnl Ban f . England to wholesale » 1 M / Of ?" ' for ^ neral circulation . The former '2 SSS . S ? " in dU 8 try d i" : ectIy but the lattet aervea only l » raise the price of com modifies . di ^'" ' - ^ ls ALWAYS RBADY .-The first con . . l . f ^ 'i 11 ^ 11 ^? " 0 iB how tohel P him 8 elf . » nd toe second . howtodo it with an appearance of helping you . Uionyams the tyrant stripped tho statue of Jupiter Olympu 3 ofarobeofmaSBivegold , and substituted a cloak of wool , saying , 'Gold is too cold in winter , and too heavy in it behoves
summer— as to take care of Jupiter . " Paddy . Compumbnts . -a sudden gust of wind took a parasol from the hand of its owner , and a lively Irishman , dropping his hod of bricks , caught the parachute . — "Faith , ma am , said he , " if you were as strong as yon are handsome , it would not have got away from you . "— "Which shall I thank you for first , the service or the compliment ?" asked the lady smiling .- " Troth , ma am , " said Pat , again touching the place where once Btood the brim of what wbb once a beaver , "that BWeet look of your beautiful eve thanked me for both . "
THEBsmsHNAvr Firet Se < " > nd Third Fourth Fifth ., „ . . Rate . Sate . Hate . Hate . Sate . In Commission 6 ,. 8 .. 6 .. 5 .. 0 Keady for Service n ,. 21 ,. 19 ,, 23 .. 40 Building nearly completed 8 .. 11 ,. 0 .. C .. 0 ..,. Total 25 40 25 34 40 Making a grand total of ninety ships of the line , thirty . four of fifty guns , and forty frigates , besides corvettes and smaller vessels , and exclusrre of steamers . The Russian Fleet . —The Russian foroe in tho Balfcio afc the present moment ( says the " Portsmouth Times and Naval Gazette" ) numbers forty-two sail of tbe line , all powerfully equipped , ably manned , extensively stored , and ready for action . Novel Action . —Ono of the Lowell girls , having , owing to the dirty state of the footpaths , fallen and broke her thigh , brought an action against the muncipal authorities , and rocovorod tho sum of mote than 1 , 000 dollars damages .
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taBBPABT 21 , 1852 . w ^^ THE NORTHERN STARI ^*^^^^™ —^^—^— ¦ — — ¦ - ! ¦¦ — — 1 — — ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ " ^ MBiMal ^ MMaijMa ^ MWMIMa ^ a ^ MaWMMWM fcMBBaMMMa ^^^^ M ^^^ M ^^^^ awMaiM ^ a ^^ MMBMa ^^^^^^ M ^^^^ Mj ^ j ^ . —^ j Q . ' *! Sggjg———»_^_ .
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EXTRACTS FROM PUNCH . England ' s Best Securities . —Her Government Securities . Epitome of Ordnance Management . —All their pieces are farces . A Morbid Appetite . —May it not be maintained that a vegetarian who eats gooseberry fool is a cannibal ? Cavalry Reform . —How can a horse which costs so very little as that of a British Dragoon ' s be , with any sort of propriety , called a charger ? Roman ARTiLLERv . —If the Canon Law were introduced among us , the next thing the importers would probably do , would be to institute martyr-practice . Noble Lord . "Here ' s this confounded newspaper speaking the truth again . Ah ! they manage these thin s * better in France . " A , Colourable Excuse . —The reluctance shown by many military men to abandon the red uniform , aiises from a natural disinclination they feel to deserting their colours .
University Intelligence . —A tutor asking a fast undergraduate to give an account of the Judgment of Paris , the rapid student replied , he believed it was unfavourable to Louis Napoleon . A Dry Fact . —TIio Protectionists complain very bitterly of the drain upon the land . But practical agriculturists are always telling us , that a thorough draining is what the land most requires . Fashionable On-dit . —Such is the excitement prevalent on the subjeot of our national defences , that it is said tho Lady Patronesses of Almack ' s seriously contemplate giving a series of cylindro conical balls . A Very Mild Complaint . —The Earl of Derby complained of the disorderly arrangement of topicsin the Queen ' s opeech . If the noble Earl ' s party had succeeded in their struggle to perpetuate the starvation laws , the disorder might have been , not in the Sp eechbut in the country .
, Political and Social Prospects . —Parliament re-assembles , and the season returns . The consequence will be that parties will pursue their old courses , both in the house and out of it 5 there will be the usual intrigues : and very late hours will be kept almost every night , with very doubtful benefit to the constitution . The Great Un-Read . —Mr . Hume made some remark on Thursday evening with reference to the printing of the papers of the House of Comvnona , which ought to be of Uniform size , and it was ultimately agreed to refer the matter to a Committee . We think the buttermen and wastepaper dealers ought to have a voice in the matter , for they have certainly the largest reversionary interest in the publications of the House of Commons .
Perhaps So . —Our Social Reporter informs us , that , from statistics of his own collecting , he is now prepared to show that the quantity of quadrille parties last New Year ' s Eye was fully twenty per c « nt . above the average . We suppose this increase is mainly attributable to the fact , that people thought it appropriate to begin Leap Year with a Hop . Theatrical Intelligence . —We understand that two new pieces at the Lyceum Theatre have just been suppressed by our ever-vigilant ceusor , in consequence of their sarcastic
titular allusion to the position and prospects of the Prince President of France , The pieces in question are called The Prince of Happy Land " and "The Game of Speculation . " The Sibthobp Parade . —Colonel Sibthorp boasts that he was never inside the Crystal Palace , and still wants it pulled do « n . Will no consideration induce him to spare that wonderful building ? He could at once preserve an ornament to the Metropolis , and obtain a great personal triumph , by persuading the House of Commons to keep np the Temple of Peace—for the purpose , in wet weather , of drilling soldiers in it for national defence .
A Startling Free Trade Question . —Tho "Morning Herald" asks— " Shall wo hand over our noble West Indian colonies to the rattlesnake and the naked negro ? " We think not . We are convinced that England will commit no such act of injustice . Or if the rattlesnake and the naked negro are henceforth to be the sole proprietors of the soil , confident we are , that England will make due compensation to the scorpions and mosquitoes . Heroes and thbir Hiohlows , —Army clothiers and their employers cannot be expected to be metaphysicians ; but they display an ignorance of which anybody ought to bea 3 hamed , as to the nature of the human understanding , and the requirements of the sole of man in supplying the soldier with the most abominable boots . Our troops are shod apparently rather with a view to increase the halt , than to assisc the . march ; and in the event of invasion , what can we espect of men thus crippled but a lame defence ?
A Cabinet Picture . — -We always looked upon Lord Pal > merston as a great politician ; but we teamed for the first time , ou the opening nuht of ihe s-ssion , that he is a'so a great artist . We glean thia fact from his announcement to the House ,- that he would not trouble it wi th the letter he wrote to Lord John Russell , " nor with the illustration the letter contained . " We can only imagine that , ns the tone of the loiter was rather severe , tlm " illustration" must have been satirical ; and that Lord Palmerston sent the Premier a " large cut , " as well as a tremendous dig . A Fair Tax on Knowledge . —They niannge some things better in Prussia , as well as in France , than they do here . The Prussian Government has imposed on political pwiodi * cals a stamp duty of half a pfenning for every 100 square inches of superficial contents . —It is not for us to boast . We are not going to brag of eur superiority to other journals . But if English political periodicals were charged with s ' aiip dbiy according to their superficial contents , we can only say that we do not know which would have the better reason to be satisfied , the governmont or " Pinch . "
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 21, 1852, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1666/page/3/
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