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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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FRANCE . The elections for the sham parliament are concluded . In nine districts fresh elections will have to take place , inconsequence of candidates having been returned opposed to Louis Napoleon , or because they had not the requisite aumber ofjvotes . These fresh elections w ill take place next Sunday . Five successful opposition candidates have been returned . These are MM . de Kerdrel , elected for Fougeres ; deCivrac , for Beaupreau ; Boubier de l'Ecluse , for Ssbles d'Olonne ; Cavaignac , for Paris ; and de Calvieres , in the Gard .
The Corps Legislatif is convoked for the 22 th inst ., and its first session is to terminate on the 20 th June . By a decree in the ' lloniteur , ' Billault is appointed President of the Corps Legislative . Refusal by any functionary to take the oath of allegiance without alteration or reserve , is equivalent to resignation . _ Letters from Paris state that there is the visible preparation of the public mind , by semi-official organs for the proclamation of the eiapire . With this view M . Amedee de
t , esena has penned an article in the Public , ' of which he is editor in chief . At the end of this ominous composition lie informs his readers that ' the enthusiasm of the people makes it the duty of Louis Napoleon to conquer by the acts Of his presidency a place between Loois XIV . and the Emperor Napoleon I . ' The numeric adjunct to the emperor ' s name is noticed as the more signitcant , as M . de Cesena has been , since December 2 , what M . Granier de Cassagnac was before that epoch , the prophetic herald of the Prince President ' s decrees .
M . Bocher has been tried before the Tribunal of First Instance on the Seine . The result has been a check for * he government , since M . Bocher has been condemned only to a fine of 500 francs , without imprisonment ; and the two employes who were indicted with him on the same charge of distributing publications without the name of the printer being attached , were sentenced to a fine of loOfr . Thi 3 slight pnaishraent is in fact equivalent to an acquittal , and is accepted as a triumph by the Orleanists . M . Bocher was introduced between two gendarmes , and made to sit on the same bench which is occupied by common felons . He made aa excellent and moderate speech on his own behalf . But the oration of M . Odillon Barrot in his defence -has made a prodigious impression . M . Barrot spoke with
'great energy and vigour . He said that M . Bocher had performed hi 3 duty . He was bound to distribute the publication in question , not only as a defence against a most unjustifiable invasion of the rights of property , but as the protest of filial piety ajjaiust the memory of an outraged father . The latter expression alludes to the letter of the princes . The deliberation lasted for two honrs and a half . The length of this sitting was attributed to the circumstance that the court sent to the ministry of police to know if the trial would be allowed to be published in the newspapers . Leave was given . The government , however , will aot quietly submit to this check , as is shown by the Pro . < : ureur General having given notice of appeal to a higher ¦ c ourt , where he will press for a more severe punishment . SI . Bocher , has not been again taken into custody .
On Monday night at half-past eleven a large body of political prisoners , destined for transportation , were escorted by detachments of lancers and gendarmerie mobile from the Fort d'lvry in several \ an 3 with their beggage to the terminus of the Havre Railway . On arriving at Havre these anfortunate victims of the coup d ' etat will be embarked for the penal colony of Lambessa , in Algeria . Notwithstanding the lateness of the hour several spectators gathered about * h e Place da Havre , hut , in the presence of the strong military force , they abstained from all demonstration .
Last Wednesday some serious riots broke out 8 t Douai among the coal miners . Some of the most disorderly having teen arrested there was an attempt made to raise the colliers of neighbouring pits . A strong body of gendarmes were called in and made some prisoners , who were rescued by the mob . A detachment of artillery was then brought oat , whieh silenced the rioters by its determined attitude . A circular of the minister of justice , addressed to all the procnreurs-generaux , recommends them to exercise the strictest surveillance over the tales given in the feuilletons Of journals and all the other literary works so published . The minister of police will perhaps consider this an interference with h « department .
The Opinion ? ' of Turin announces that Marshal Mar . aont , Duke of Ragusa , died at Venice on the 2 nd inst . Thus , after an illness of six days , the last marshal of Napoleon has expired in exile , at the age of seventy-ei g ht . A decree in the' Monitenr * declares it to be indispensable » or every public functionary to take an oath of allegiance , in accordance with Art . 14 of the constitution ; and orders that in . case such oath is refused , or its terms modified in any way , the person so actiug shall be considered as having given in his resi gnation . S pecial decrees shall determine
the mode in which the ministers , members of the great Sodies of the State , officers in the army and navy , magistrates and functionaries , shall take the oath in question . The following is the text of the oath required by Art . 14 : 1 swear obedience- to the constitution and fidelity-tb the President . It is remarkable that the constitution provides ao oath to be .-taken by the President himself . It is fair to suppose that his conscience most have been sorely tormented ay the oath that he swore to that constitution which he deatrojed on December 2 , since he shrinks rom hampering airaself in like manner again .
A special tram arrivea at Havre on Monday , from Paris , with 4 / 7 pnsDnera condemned to transportation . They were escorted by a detachment of sixty of the gendarmerie mobile , and were immediately taken to the Florida basin , and embarked on board the Christophe Colombe which SOQH aftenwds left the deck . Among the nnmber sent on ftoard are M . Salva , er-chef debataillonof the National Guard of Sotteville , a painter named Aymard , M . Leballeur-Where , of Rouen , and M . Pornin , who was the organiser of the Alontegnard guards .
GERMANY . AUSTRIA .-Lord Derby ' s speech in the House of Lords , trpon the refugee question has been received , as it might have been expected , with extraordinary satisfaction in Austria , and the Vienna papers are very eloquent upon the subject . The 'Austrian Correspondence , ' the mouthpiece of « e ministry , complains of the pitiless manner in which £ "" >? , ? ' farZ 8 nber 8 ' s despatch to Lord Granville has been candled by the English papers , and congratulates itself on the favourable contrast in the language held by Lord Derb y f ^? *}™ ^* '^ erumours of the possible chan
u ge -a i the corn laws of England have been received with the almost consternation in such of the corn growing districts ? n T S I ™/ POSUion t 0 export ' U P ffards of 300 shi P * a the Black Sea , and a still greater number at Constant ! . * ople , are lying idle ; and in Constantinople extreme anxiety Was munfated ( at the last advices ) on ' all hands w . we first whisper of the projected changes in England , no merchant venturing to freight a vessel until somet hing positive was known . This was felt more ( says a letter from aS ? , ™? nt of «« favourable state of the weather , aB ^ ^ y ° 3 n 5 ck P ^ sages .
PRUSSIA . —The German journals unanimously approve the measures by which corn is to be imported free of duty iBtathe ttMMoi theZouverein till next harvest . The Aotaer Zoning' expresses a hope that the time is not Jar ^ distant when the commerce in the necessaries of life will no longer be subject to those perturbations which the SSL ™ " ^ 'atoe so frequently occasion in The Government of Electoral Hesse still holds back * n ordinance has just been published by which every oaker , who either does not hate the due allowance of tread necessary for the day , or who refuses to sell it at the given price , is to be subject to a fine , and , in aggravated eases , to the deprivation of his licence . —Moniteur . -Usreh 8 .
ITALY . PIEDMONT . —The 'Genoa Gazette , ' of the 1 st inst ., ias an account of a serious riot at Sassari , It commenced in a public-house , by a brawl between two chasseurs and some inhabitants , who , probably getting the worst of it , attracted more of the people and soldiers to the spot , when the fray began in . earnest , and caused a great agitation throughout the town . The National ' Guard were called out , and a company being soon formed , commenced its march to the place where the disturbance was at its hei ght
, when it met a piquet of cavalry which was turning a corner ; Hub pi quet it unaccountably mistook , it would seem , tor the ffiob . and fired upon it , killing the commanding offi . cer and one man ThiB caused a general collision between the National Guard and the troops , in which several liveB were lost and many men wounded . The Sardinian sUamera Tripoli ana Authion left Genoa on the 29 th ult ., with a reinforcemen t of 400 infantry and four pieces of artillery tor Sassara . Later intelligence annonnees that perfect tranquillity was restored .
NAPLES . —The treatment which Poerio and his companions received on their journey from Ischia to Montefosco a worth y of Naples rule and Naples humanity . They were chained together daring the - ' whole of their journey , and not allowed to get out of their vehicles even for the most argent reasons . On arriving at Avellino , a distance of twenty-seven miles from Kaples , they prayed to be allowed to descend , but were told b y their guards that tbey would willingly grant such a natural request , but their orders were « ry positive . On arriving , half dead , at Montefosco , they lu
uno . no oeds or any necessary preparations , and were Obliged to lie down on the bare stone floor . This information , is derived from a gentleman who had heen at the prison of Montefosco . Poeria is represented as suffering very much , and not likely to live long . Captain Nisco is wpJdly sinking , and spits blood . The tnothei of Poerio is now perfectly out of her mind . . The Daks d'Aumale , who 13 now in Naples , is urging the
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Neapolitan government to remonstrate with the Prince President against the confiscation of the Orleans property . The Neapolitan government , howe v er , as well as the court , are perfectly puzzled to know how far they can countenance the champion of ' order '—bow far they dare remonstrate or how far it would be prudent to keep silence .
SWITZERLAND . The' Postampt Gazette * of Frankfort publishes the text of the note respecting French refugees presented by the French Ambassador to the Swiss government . The Ambassador says : — « I desire a formal promise that every expulsion of refugees that I may solicit shall be granted , without inquiring to what category belong the French political refugees affected by this measure ; and , moreover , that the orders of the central power shall be executed on the terms prescribed beforehand , without mitigation by the authorities of the cantons . The Ambassador of France is alone in a position to know the individuals whose former or present relations render impossible the prolongation of their residence on the territory of the Helvetic confederation , as well as those to whom toleration may be shown , if their conduct
should render them worthy of it . The first must leave as soon as they are designated , and the others must be told that they can only be permitted to remain in Switzerland on condition of their giving no cause for complaint . The President Of the Republic expects from the federal government , in consideration of the relations which he wishes to keep up with it , and which a refusal to satisfy would gravely compromise , that it will gwe him this proof of friendship and good neighbourhood , which have been so long traditional in Switzerland . A different line of conduct would produce sad complications , and impose upon the government of the Republic the daty of devising measures , which , it is true , it would apply very unwillingly , but which it would be forced to adopt , if the demand which I have the honour to addreai to your Excellency should fail in its object . '
The French ' Assembled Rationale' contains ah important article upon the Swisb question . It appears from this , that the Cabinet of Vienna distinctly notified to the federal council the intention to occupy the canton of Ticino with Aus * trian troops , unless the demands for the expulsion of certain refugees were complied with , and guarantees given for preventing their return , as well as the renewal of conspiracies against the peace of Lombard ? . Prince Schwarzenberg sent instructions to M . Hubner , the Austrian Ambassador at Paris , to propose to the French government a simultaneous action in the same views , and the occupation of Geneva
and the canton of Vaud by the French troops . The government of Louis Napoleon declined to co-operate with Austria in invading the Swiss territory ; and Austria was also persuaded to desist from this enterprise . No doubt the firm attitude of the cabinets of London and Berlin , backed perhaps by the counsels of Russia , procured this mult . But no sooner was the project of the joint violation of the neutral territory bfffled than a new scheme was adopted by the two conspiring powers , which threatens to be equally ruinous to Switzerland . The French and Austrian governments have entered into a convention for the commercial blockade
of that country . Now in order that this iniquitous measure may be effectual it will be necessary to . force Piedmont to join the league , and stop her frontier , extending from Geneva to the Lago Maggiore , against Swiss commerce . There are two powerful obstacles in the way of this result , public opinion in Italy , which is represented by the Liberal government of Sardinia , and the influence of Great Britain at Turin . Upon these moral and political supports alone Tests tiie Cabinet of MM . d'Azeglio and Cavour , in Piedmont , the fall of -which would be the signal for the subjugation not only of Switzerland , but of ' Piedmont and the whole Italian peninsula , to the tyrannous league of France and Austria . Now , therefore , is the hour for the Tory ministers to show themselves genuine Britons , and to protect onr commerce abroad as well as at home . This state .
Bent , as far as we can learn , has met with only one contradiction . The Debats , ' referring to the statement in the 'Assembles Nationale , ' says that it is either 'inexact or premature . ' Our readers can easily form their own con * elusion on this matter , after such a denial as that ! The government of America has resolved to accredit , for the first time , a permanent charge d'Affaires to the Swiss confederation . In Switzerland this act of a powerful government of decided non-intervention principles gives the liveliest satisfaction . The federal councAl has resolved to send to America a piece of granite from the valley of Hablern , near Interlacken , to form a part of the intended monument to Washington . The' Independence' of Berne announces that the difficulties between the French government and the Swiss confederation have been arranged' for the present . '
HUNGARY . The scanty news we have from Hungary says that the government is making all possible efforts to establish the new organisation ; but the viork goes on very slowly , partly from a dogged passive resistance among the people themselves , and partly from quarrels between the men in authority . The' Nugent' Regiment of Infantry , which has just returned , irom Holstein , is to be quartered at Presburg . Famine and had government , poverty and militaryreccupa ? tion of the country , are making things in Hungary almost as bad as they can be . It must be remembered that an Austrian regiment and an English one are two very different things . An Austrian regiment is a little army of some 4 , 000 men . The natural inference is , that the state of affairs in Hungary has grown far worn of late as to require a reinforcement of 4 , 000 men to the large army which overspreads the land like a plague of locusts .
TURKEY . A . telegraphic ae&p&lcli in the ' Staats Anzei ger , ' dated Agram , March 1 st , states that a great conspiracy had been discovered among the Rajahs of Bosnia , in consequence of which a general disarming had been ordered . Strong detachments of troops had appeared in Bilbacz , Novi , and Czasin , the communal authorities had been summoned to supply the active portion of the army with provisions . The border roads nearest Austria Were strongly guarded by Turkish soldiers .
SPAIN . . We have received the Madrid journals of the 4 ih . The Government continues its system of annoyance towards the journals . On the 3 d no less than six were seized , namely , the ' Constitutional , ' ' Clamor Publico , ' Novedades , ' Observador , ' ' Opinion Publica , ' and Heraldo . '
UNITED STATES . Our advices from America state that an influential meeticg of merchants , judges , &c , had been held to consider the subject of the proposed Exhibition of Industry . At this meeting it was definitively determined to ratify all that had been done as preliminary by Mr . Riddle , the American Commissioner to London , to open subscriptions at once , and proceed to erect a Crystal Palace in Reservoir-square , to invite all nations to participate in the exposition , to distribute the labours and responsibilities of the enterprise for the more effectual execution of the general plan . &c .
The Naw York correspondent of the * Times' says'The Kossuth correspondence between Commodore Morgan , Captain Long ( of the steam-fri gate Mississippi ) , Consul Hodges , and Mr . Webster has appeared in all the papers , and forma the principal subject of conversation . This correspondence was called for by the Senate , and laid before th at body . Poor Kossuth ' s affairs are every day getting worse . His egotism , vanity , and wilfullness have involved him in inextricable difficulties . Day after day new revelations are coming out against him at home and abroad . His influence in the United States , which two
months ago seemed all but omnipotent , and which , if applied to a good and practical end , might ha ? e Becurea permanent advantage to his own country , has all been frittered away . Men who readily subscribed their money and listened to him with rapture and tears on his arrival at New York , are now heartily ashamed of themselves , and would be glad to withdraw their subscriptions . The loan goes on very slowly , and by-and-by we shall hear no more about it . The doctrine of intervention to put down intervention is laid quietly by for another day ; the Kossuth fever has heen followed b y a chill in the body politic , and the patient is likely to recover—with a better regulated purse .
Every true friend of Hungary and of KoBSUth deeply regrets that while he held the heart of the American people in ms hand he did not ask some practical aid from Congress ntfiTi J *? ^ enefitted his «» " * rymen . « he had ever TtTf *¦ 8 Ue t 0 tbat effect « Congress-probably withferiLSinn ^^ ^ have 8 et apart a territory of coonvo ^ oi f 200 mile 8 8 quare t 0 found a Hung" « n SnSn Th T 5 reatwestern rivers , accessible to na-Kossuth to the United States would have cea « ed to be Srj * ,, « 0 lne ^ dependent men . Immense sums of money would W poured in from a ] 1 ter ( J to mMft fte exiles to establish themselves in their colony , and before a twel : ? T nt " ad 8 ° ne b ? they would have been one of the
_ most independent communities on earth . There would have been no lack 0 means to bring thousands of their brothers and friends left behind them . Aurtria could doubtless have been persuaded to favour the emi gration of all those who were disposed to go , if our government had sent a proper negotiator in a spirit of true respect and conciliation ! . Ten vears would not have gone b y before Kossuth would have been in the Senate at Washington , the representative of one of our most flourishing S lates . Instead of this he has turned " ^¦ JSr" ^ 'I . '; * l e P te Pared f » r his arrival in the New World just like Jenny Lind , and Catherine Hayes , and other artistic celebrities , by first making a noiae ia Eng ' land . Then he makes his debut in New Yotk . Ana after .
wards begins his grand tour through the Union , for all the world like Lola Montez , with this exception , that the Countess of Landsfelt has shown far mora tact and good sense in the management of her affairs . '
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GAPE OF GOOD HOPE . .,. , « . ^ KAF « R WAR . Advices from the Cape state that upwards of 6 , 000 head of cattle had been captured by Major-General Somerset up to the 23 rd ult ., and 7 , 000 were in possession of Colonel Eyre to t h e 21 StuU ., exclusive of vast numbers , estimated at seven hundred drowned at the confluence of the homo , and Major General Somerset , and Colonel Eyre were in direct cojnmumcation on the 22 nd ult ., and were about to descend the lower Bashee to which l arge herds of cattle had been driven , while Jaku , it was expected , would make a forward movement . The Fingoes had rallied round the British troops The continued rains had Ktff £ 25 the troops , who were , however , in high spirits and tilth Confidence amongst the colonist ! , th " g eneral tone of feeling at Cape Town , and th roughout the cCj h ° d COn 8 , derably tmoroved , and the reduction of the I beWZ Ken of and
, wh conuen ^ y spo antici pated . The arrival of the reinforcement of troops had greatly tended to increasp the growing confidence of the colonists in Sole 0 tn government , and it was rumoured that Sandila tirpd nf tho hostile position he ha , hitherto maintained ! wisabot , abandon it .
PERSIA . A letter from Teheran , of Feb . 21 , in the 'National Gazette of Bfirlm , states that the cause of the disirace of MirzaTaghe Khan , the late Vizir , was his having Stured to point ou to the Sl . an . the profli gate conduct of hi Majesty ' s mo her . The Shah manifested the greatest in ! dignation at the rectal of the Vizir , and immediatel y dismissed him from hw high post . The Vizir was afterwards w . danger of his life , but bis wife , who is the Shah's sister , succeeded in receiving a positive assurance that bis life should be spared . The Russian ambassador also interfered , and received an assurance from the Shah to the same effect . Subsequently , however , the Shab , when on a hunting party , allowed himself to t ^ rked on by his mother , and pave orders for the Vizir ' s death . The executioners , when they arrived , found him . in a bath , and experienced from him a desperate , but unavailing , resistance .
GREECE . " - ' EXKJJLSION OF POLISH REFUGEES . The Courrier d'Athenes - states that on the night of the 12 inorthel 3 tb of February the gendarmes , assisted by numerous agents of police , surrounded with extraordinary noise and ostentation the house inhabited b y the few Polish refugee ? , who still live at Athens , and of Messrs . Negris and Bouyoncii , Greek citizens , who live on terms of friendship with them . At the point of day officers of the ' public ministry , accompanied by a great number of gendarmes and police agents burst into the domiciles of those persons and having arrested them
, proceeded to a minute examination of their papers , all of which were seized . These Poles having established a nding-school , frequented by ladies of dUtitvction and young men of the first families , this establishment also was not spared , and it was almost destroyed under pretext of searching it for arms . The motive assigned for these severe measures is a plot which the Poles are alleged to haye formed against the state . The true motive , in the opinion of everybody , » the wish to conciliate in certain quaiters , where it is desired that tbe . se unhappy outcasts should wander over the whole earth , without being able to find an asylum ? s
The expulsion of the Polish refugees has led to interpellationsin the Chamber of Deputies at Athena . M . Chmaivtnopoulos , the deputy of M i inam , after calling to mind the general sympathy which the cause of Greek liberty had encountered in every part of Europe during the struggle with the 1 urks , invited the Minister to declam the reasons which had induced the government to act so arbitrarily and harshly aa to expel the Polish guests of the nation . M . Paikof , Minister for Forei gn Affairs , promised that he would be ready to make a statement on the subject at the next sitting of the chamber . In answer to an observation by M . Izanos , M . Provelegio , Minister of Justice , declared that the expulsions referred to had not taken place on the demand of any foreign power . The government was bound to remove the refugees , because they had abused the hospitality which
had been extended tn t . h » m im nn . on ; . ;» . <¦ „ .. a ,., had been extended to them , by conspiring for the ruin of the state . When the chamber should have before it the documents which he had ordered to be translated and laid before it , members would find that the government had acted not only fairly but with indul gence towards the expelled Poles The ministerial organ states that his Hellenic Majesty imitating greater monarclis , has replied to the notification of Louis Napoleon ' s election to the presidency for ten years congratulating the Prince President upon the 'happy result . VV 3
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In consequence of the pvesent abundance of money in the Piedmontese markets , the King has , on the proposition of the Minister of Finance , reduced the interests upon exchequer bills to four and a half per cent ., if due within six months , Hnd to five and a half per cent , if the bills are for a longer period . A shock of earthquake was felt at Palermo ou the 16 i . li nit . The motion was undulatory from north to south and lasted three seconds . Thb Usiied States and Austria . — -According to a letter from Vienna , in a Berlin journal , the dissension which aroso between Austria and the United States respecting the reception given to Kossuth . may be considered to be arranged .
The passage of the Vistula , at Marieuburg , has been interrupted by the floating ice , and , unless frost sets in may remain impracticable for several days . The water was very high , and still rising at a rate to cause great fears of an inundation , whieh would be a fearful disaster for a vast extent of adjacent lowland country . The continental papers speak of dearth and consequent distress as prevailing more or less from Holland to llussia . In the Belgian Chamber on the 5 th , the Deputy Pierra who had
just arrived from Luxembourg , stated that pauperism and desolation had there attained to a degree unknown , even in Flanders at the worst epochs . The total I 08 S of the potato crops , the high price of grain , and want of employment , were concurring to produce this desperate state of things . M . Rogicr , the Minister of the Interior , said that he had sent thither a superior employe of tho administration to collect facts . Already he could see that the budget of public works would not suffice to give employment to the working classes . He should probably ask a supplementary credit for this purpose .
The Duchess of Nassau has appealed to her countrywomen for subscriptions in relief of the suffering . Kossuth is still in the West , and is said to be in the receipt of at least one thousand dollars dail y towards tho Hungarian funds . Kinkelis about returning to Europe , with some thousands of dollars , obtained by subscription .
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TBE PURIST OF THE COMMONS . Mr . Roebuck has at last " caught a Tartar . " In the debate-on the St . Alban ' a Disfranchisement Bill , Mr Roebuck , it will be remembered , emphatically disclaimed the Coppock connexion . In defence of himself from an insinuation by Lord Claude Hamilton , he is reported to have said that he had nothing to do with Mr . Coppock in any of his elections ; that Mr . Coppock would not have dared to come where he was a candidate pretending to be on his side that his constituents had always absolved him from his election expenses ; and that he rarely or never goes to the Reform Club . Mr . Coppock has published a letter to prove that each of these assertions is " false . " Mr Roe . bnefc has been at the Reform Club at least a hundred times within the last twelve months . In 1811 he sought communication with Mr . Coppock to get returned at the then coming election . Ho wrote many letters some
, marked » private , " others not so : two of those not marked " private , " but at much length showing Mr . Roebucks position , and tho tactics he had to pursuo at Bath to get re-elected , are published by Mr . Conpoek . In those letters he asked for a Government candidate to join him ; and he invited Mr Coppock to assist him personally — " If you could come down yourself { incog , mind ) much good mi » ht bo done . ' In consequence of those letters , Lord Duncm was sent down to Bath by Mr . Coppock , as a Whig candidate , to secure Mr . Roebuck ' s return by a coalition of the Radicals and Whi gs . Mr . Roebuck continued his visits to Mr . Coppock , afc his house in Cleveland-row ; and on tho 19 thof June , 1841 , Mr . Coppock " supplied Mr . Roebuck from a private subscripfcion-fund , with the means to pay his election expenses , the inability on his part to meet them having been previousl y stated by him . " On tho 29 th of June Mr . Roebuck was returned for Bath in conjunction with Lord Duncan .
Mr . Roebuck has , of oourse , replied to this publication . He says , with amusing naivete , he had really forgotten the transaction ! and tho proceeds to defend it . It was with Mr . Coppock onl y as the agent of the Government ^!) that he corresponded ; there vraa nothing to be ashamed of ; and the money forwarded to Mr . Coppook was subscribed by friends of both candidate ? , and for their joint expenses .
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The French . Consulatb in Jehsey . -M" Laurent , a CSS f \ mthe Lo » don Ffnoh Consult General , 2 "S } n J £ rsoy * ? nd con > raenced his official duties as Shthw hi . Prancein , jr he Channel Islands . Mr . Simon , who has been vice-consul for Pranee in Jersey for twentyfive years , has been superseded . The reason gWen by the French goTernment for superseding Mr . Staonia aVfol-ZV ' a ^ . ^ " ^ "quirem entB of the service , and the need which wa 3 felt of having in the Norman isles an agent who was a Frenchman , and who aa such could thus perform those civil and notarial acts for his countrymen which they had for a long time desiderated . " M . Turgot , the French Minister of Forei gn Affairs , in dismissmg Mr . Simon from his post , finds no fault with that
genweman ; on we contrary , ne praises him highly . The conduofcof the French government in this matter has cauaed tho utmost surprise and displeasure in Jersey A ScoimH Mrs . SIW-. A Mrs . Cunningham , of the Pleasanoe , Edinburgh , has been convicted , Sefore Sheriff Gordon , of horrible cruelty topauper children , and sentenced to eighteen , months' impriaonsasnt , witU hard iftuOUFi
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MILITARY DESPOTISM ON THE CONTINENT . On Monday evening a meeting of the inhabitants of Lambeth , convened by the Society of tho " Friends of Italy . " took place at tho British School Room , George-street , " To consider the threatening aspect of foreign powers , and the position and duty of England in the present state of tho continent . " Mr . F . Doti / rON wns unanimously called on to preside . Mr . D . Masson morod— " That this meeting views with deep concern tho triumph of despotic and lawless power abroad as confirmed by the suppression of French liberty
by Louis Napoleon . That these advances of despotism abroad are fraught with danger to the liberties and the interests of Great Britain ; that , therefore , on grounds as well of self-defence , as of just regard for other peoples , it is incumbent on this country to haFe . and to maintain a decided course of foreign policy ; and that no set of men are fit to conduct the government of this country at the present time who have not , among other things , a bold and liberal apprehension of England's place and duty in Europe . " lie observed that there prevailed over the continent a system of despotic and even of lawless rule , or misrule . Both were bad thinga , and the former generally was converted into tho latter . Some thought despotic rule , where it was mild and according to law , better than a wrangling parliament ; both those persons should remem
ber : that unless speech and the press were free , there would be no real national progress in accordance with the ideas of the people . ( Cheers . ) If a despot , of the best ; intentions and the largest brain in the world , arrested freo speech ho destroyed the nation ' s progress . This kind of government now prevailed all over the continent . In Russia , every one knew there was nothing like free speech ; the people wove in that condition from which we escaped centuries ;'" o they had not yet learnt to demand the ri ght of free speech ' Still there were numbers of the intelligent class who laboured under the same disability , and held their lives and property at the mercy of tho Czar . Going further south we found that great nation the Germans , who gave us the printing press —( cheers)—when , if ever , despotic rule ought to have been hung up in a museum—we found them too
groaning under despotism . In Austria , a mere sprinkling of Germans were spread through a variety of other great nations j and there was , in fact , nothing Austrian but the Austrian despotism—a mere diplomatic fiction . ( Hear hear . ) Destroy that government and there would he nothing left of Austria . ( Cheers . ) Recently this despotism had tramplod out the liberties of a great and free nation , which would have been a worthy brother to England in the European family . ( Cheers . ) In Italy , whose people were the most in tellectual race of Europe , a body of military , aided by Papal domination , held in thraldom tho whole nation . ( Hear , hear . ) It had been said in reference to Italy , that a nation deserved not to be free unless they desired it . What stronger proof of their desire for liberty could have been afforded than was given by the inhabitants of
Rome when they barricaded their city , and defended it fov a month against the treacherous French—tho picked soldiers of Europe ? ( Cheers . ) Looking to the prosent stato of France , and the recent elections , he would ask what was the value of universal snffrage without freo speech ? It was a mere name , and nothing more . ( Cheers . ) Louis Napoleon was a thorough despot ; and what was more , he was not one of the clever despots who had gained the applause of some ; but , judging from his writings , ho was one of the most stupid men that ever tried to be clever . ( Cheers and laughter . ) Not onl y had he resorted to despotic rule , but to misrule , imprisoning and banishing thousands of patriots , and causing his army to sweep away thousands more here . ( Hear , hear . ) In process of time the despotism of the continent would swallow up those
llttlo states where freedom yet existed ; and then England would stand alone . Did any one ask , what had we to do with such a state ot things as that ? Non-interference was very well as a principle ; but it had its limits . There was certain things which ought not to be permitted by other nations to be done in any part of the earth . ( Hear , hear . ) Suppose the Turkish government should go about to murder all the Christians in that country ; would any one say that wa 3 not a fit subject for interference ? ( Cheers . ) He maintained that things had been done in Austria and other countries which equally demanded interference . ( Oh !) Already the despotism of the continent had come home to this country ; witness the insolence of diplomatic intercourse on the part of some powers;—an insolence which would never have boen stood by Pitt , even ; though he was on the wrong side . ( Hear , hear , ) It was in the nature of things that the despotic powers of the continent would not stop till they had brought us under the same clutches ; above all things they would seek to put down liberty in its home and
cradle—free England . Defence of our liberties , —of our commerce , which would be asssiled oa , every sea in Europe , —of our countrymen travelling abroad—alike demanded that we should do something to meet and check this despotism . But how ? Tho whig foreign policy had not been such as to give any guarantee of their entering sincerely on such a work . ( Hear , hear . ) And what would our new ministry do « ( Laughter . ) Lord Derby , in his speech on the 27 th ult ., was evidently truckling to the despotic powers ; he talked of the duty of informing foreign governments of any plots .-that might be discovered against them . ( Hear , hear . ) How were these plots to be discovered ? By letter opening , or by dogging refugees with the police ? Was that an English proceeding . ( Hear , hear . ) The great means for checking despotism was a large and liberal measure of parliamentary reform . Whatever government would deal rightly , with respect to the continent ought to put ; this country " in ' a" state of Belt-defence , by the organisation of a citizen-force , independently of the standing
army . Mr . J . Stanfield seconded the resolution , which was put and carried . Mr . Siiakn moved "That tho Society of the" Friends of Italy , already existing , affords an excellent me . ms for testifying these sentiments legally and constitutionally , and especially for expressing sympath y with the oppressed people of Italy , and that the present meeting is prepared to support this society in its operations and aims . " He contended that it was tlie bounden duty of the people of
this country to make themselves acquainted with foreign affairs , in order to express such an intelligent opinion as must have weight with the government . By supporting the Society of the Friends of Ital y they were , in fact , aiding tho progress of liberal principles all over the continent , for the interests of all nations were admittedly bound up together ; and the friends of Italian freedom were , of necessity , as much the friends of Hungarian , German and French freedom . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . T Webber seconded the resolution . A vote of thanks to tbo chairman closed tho proceedings ,
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POLITICAL RUMOURS . Lord John Russell ' s plan is said to be to vote the sup < plies for a limited period ( as was done in ISil ) , and force Lord Derby to resign , that , if they beat him again in the now parliament , they may set the old Ministry once more on its legs by autumn . Lord John is also said to have made an unsuccessful attempt to take the Free Trade motion out of Mr . Villiers ' s hands . There is a story that the Duke of Wellington , being in his seat , summoned the Bishop of . Oxford to his side to repeat the names of the new Ministers . At each name the Duke made some significant growl or nod , but when the Colonial Secretary was mentioned , he bawled out , " Who , who ? Pakington?—never heard of the gentleman . " The men have already fallen out about tho division of places . The Marquis of Londonderry is represented aa angry that tho Mastership of the Ordnance is given to Lord Hardingo ; and the Marquis ' s son and son-in-law have resented the offence by refusing posts in the household .- * Nonconformist .
The fertile imagination 01 the new Chancellor of tho Exchequer has , it is rumoured , devised an expedient worthy of its Oriental origin . Aladdin , with his magical lamp , never wrought such , a miraclo . The income and malt taxes , it is said , are to be repealed , and a duty of one shilling per ton on all coal is to be levied at the pit ' s mouth . This is calculated , saya the sanguine financier , to raise a sum of £ 7 , 000 , 000 . —able .
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Who arms me Kaffirs ?—It is an inferior article from Birmingham which baa been slaughtering our soldiers at tho Cape for months past . One wonders whether they know the fact , and whether it aggravates the pain of theit wounds and their shame . Traders on the African coast as . certain the wants of the inhabitants , in regard to firearms among other things : they send their orders to London merchants ; London merchants order the article of the Bir . mingham manufacturers , and , after a time , if a Kaffir is disarmed , hia piece is found to bear tho name or mark of a Birmingham gunmaker . "We make firearms for both parties , in all wars , " said a manufacturer to us yesterday . As such is and must be the fact , we like tha plain avowal of it ; but it is a strange-sounding truth . —Dickens ' s Household Words .
Departure of ins Fbencu Ambassador . —Tho Count and Countess Walewski lefc London on Saturday evening for Paris . The suddenness of their departure gave rise to BBveral rumours ; some of them of a grave and serious import , attributing this unexpected departure of the French ambassador to causa more pressing than mere " private affairs . "— Observer . [ It is said M . Turgot is to COUie to LQU ' don as Ambassador from France . ]
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NATIONAL EDUCATION-NOTTINGHAM . A public meeting of tho members and friends of the JSational Public School Association was held in tho Exchange-hall , last week , under the presidency of Mr . Folkin , the Mayor . The Rev . Mr . Stevenson , Baptist minister of Nottingham , moved , " That this meeting recognises a great deficiency in the existing supply of the means of popular instruction , and records its conviction that that need will be best met by a general system supported by local rates , and under local management , and that shall provide secular instruction only . " Mr . Aldermnn Heymann seconded , and Dr . Watts supported , the resolution in a lengthened speech , in which he thoroughly elucidated the scheme of the National Association , as promulgated at Manchester . It was then put and carried nem . eon . The Rev J . A . Baynes moved , and Mr . Councillor Eyre seconded ' " That a petition praying for tho adoption of the icheme
signed by tne cnairman , on behalf of the meeting , be forwarded to Mr . Walter , M . P ., with a request that he would present it to the House of Commons . "—A working man in the garb of a " navvy , " whose name was given a 3 George Woodward , expressed his approval of a compulsory educational scheme , but remarked that something was radically wrong in the present system , or the people would be able to educate their own children . Dr . Watts had described the women m Lancashire as being obliged to leave their ohildren at home to attend to each other , leaving them the day through without either parent or teacher . Lancashire must be m an unsound state ( observed Mr . Woodward ) or such a state of things oould not exist . —A stranger who gave his name as Pettifore , contended for tho continuance of the toluntary system without either interference or hmdrance .-Dr . Watts replied to the objections raised , and the resolution was oarnod by a considerable maiority A rote of thanks to tho ohairman terminated th * proceedings .
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MARYLEBONE VESTRY . On Saturday , at the ordinary weekly meeting of tho Marylebone Vestry , it was resolved that the ensuing election for guardians bo by open voting . After which Mr M ' Evily moved-. " That a committee be appointed to watch the progress of the Militia Bill , and to adopt , in conjunction with the other metropolitan parishes , such constitutional means to prevent it passing into a law as they may think most fit , and report to the vestry . " After much discussion theresolution was adopted by a large majority . A memorial was then read from the Marylebone Ratepayers' Protection Association , oallingon the vestry to take some steps fov the abolition of the coal duties and other imposts charged upon the people of the metropolis by the corporation of the city of London . It urged the injustice of the privileges
granted to the city of London , which gives them the power of imposing on the inhabitants of the metropolitan district a duty of Is . Id . per ton in coals , for the embelishments and widening of the streets of the city , and also the power of levying a toll of 2 d . on every tradesman ' s cart , either on entering or ieaving , with a load however small . While the City of London had only a rental of £ 800 , 000 , the parish of Marylebone had a rental of upwards of a million , and contained 17 , 000 houses—more by 1 , 000 than the City of London , and Marylobone had 800 more puhlio lights than the City . There are in Marylebone 17 , 000 houses , reckoning eight rooms to a house , and consuming eight tons each per year , which gives a tax of £ 7 , 3 G 6 : to which add
± 3 , 000 tor gas , will make £ 10 , 360 total tax on this parish , for which the inhabitants receive no benefit . —Mr . Hod « es said he had intended to have moved a resolution on this subject , but as Sir Peter Lauvie had left the -sestry , he would , defer tllO SUhjoct till the noxt meeting . —Mr , Meholav gave notice that next Saturday he would movo " To take into consideration the present position of the government , as regards the welfare of the country , and to protest , petition , or take such other measures as may be thought necessary iu the present crisis , to prevent the possibility of any return to Protection , or the imposition of a tax on the food of the people , fully believing that such attempt would not only prove an utter failure , but be fraught with danger to the peace , stability , and well-beiti " of the country . " The vestry then broke up .
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TEN HOURS FACTORY MOVEMENT . A mating of delegates from factory operatives was held at the Cotton Tree Inn , Manchester , on Sunday , for tha purpose , of taking into consideration the propriety of petitioningthe legislature to insert the words " uo child" in tho acfi of 1850 . Mr . P . Hargroaves presided , and there were twonfy-six delegates present , including seven from different branches in Manchester . There were a number of letters read from towns in Scotland and England doprecar ting any further movement , and especially if Lord Shaftesbury was to have any part in it , because to his lordshi p was attributed the loss of two hours per week in tho present act : Mr Phillip Grant , who was understood to have had a communication from tho Eurl of Shaftesbury , said he would advise that the operatives should refrain from going to par-j liament in tho present position of parties , or they would bd
more likely to come away with an eleven hours than a more complete Ten Hours Bill . The house m a month might no longer exist , and in this case their time might be thrown away . A Manchester delegate said tho committee themselves were of opinion that it would be unwise to go to parliament now , but they had about ei < rht friends in tho present Cabinet pledged to a Ten nours Bill , and lie thought at al events that they could not do better than go to them and ask them to see that the present aot was enforced . He moved , " That , in consequence of notorious viohtions ol the present Factories Act in some of tho district of Linoashire , Derbyshire , and Cheshire , it is the opinion of this meeting that no proper moans should bo neglected by wliiefc such nefarious practices can bo put an end to , believing that if the government were ac : du appealed to , suoh an alteration wonld be made as would render breaches of th ( factory law extremely difficult , if not altogether impossible . " The motion was seconded , aud , after a good deal 0 : discussion , was carried .
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ANTI-CORN-LAW MEETING AT LIVERPOOL . A meeting was held on Tuesday ast at t ! ie Uoya Hotel , Liverpool , to oppose the present ministerial policy , in conjunction with the Manchester Anti-Corn-Law League . —Mr * ' A . II . Wylie was voted to the chair , and the follow resolution was moved by Dr . Blackburn , seconded by Mr Jeffrey , linendmper , and unanimously carried : — " Tha \ believing the present ministry to be pledged to a reaction , ary policy with regard to Free Trade , not only by then past opposition to every enactment hiving this object , hul also by very recent declarations thereupon , wo fully coin cide in tho propriety of that step by which tho Anti Corn-Law League ha 3 heen reconstructed . "—Mr , James Harvoy said he had attended the meeting of tho League when Mr . Cobden contended that the question of Proiectioi should be an isolated one . From this he dissented ; he con * sidered that the question of Free Trade was bound up witl the question of prices , by which that trade was regulated . Mr . Harvey was proceeding with bis argument , when th <
Chairman reminded him that the meeting was ono to coiv sider the best course to be adopted for preventing a re-imposition of the Corn Laws , and they could not entertain tht topics which Mr . Harvey sought to introduce . —Mr . Broad ribb said he for one was quite ready to fight for Free Tradt in food ; but let them understand what they were contending for . Let all articles of food be included in it ; it w : u not corn alone , but cheese , butter , and hams that wen taxed . They had a tax of twenty-s'x millions and a half or drink , and twenty-five millions and a half on tea , and tliougl the meeting were not disposed to entertain the question ot prices , he would take leave to say —( The chairman stoppec the speaker on the same ground as he had Mr . Harvey . ) - Mr . Thornely , M . P ., and other speakers addressed " th < meeting , when a petition was adopted , a committee ap < pointed , and , after a vote of thanks to the Chairman , the meeting was adjourned for a week , in order to await the intervening ministerial explanations in parliament as t « their intended course of policy .
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DISSOLUTION OE PARLIAMENT . A public meeting was held at the Eclectic Institute , Derr mark-street , Soho , on Monday evening to consider th .-course to be adopted in the event of a dissolution of parlia < ment . —Mr . Leslie occupied the chair , and opened the business by commenting upon the past legislation of the rival factions . —Mr . Rogers moved the followingresolution : — "That as neither the Free Traders nor Protectionists are willing to allow any portion of legislative representation te tho working classes , we urgently call upon them not to aid either party in their struggle for power , but to demand Manhood Suffrage with all the necessary adjuncts as laid down in the Pooplo ' s Charter . "—Mr . Blair seconded the resolution , whieh was ably supported by Mr . B ' zer . —The resolution was unanimously adopted . —Mr . Wheeler and others addressed the meeting , which adjourned until the following Monday evening .
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MANCHESTER CHAMBER OF COMMERCE . A special meeting of this association was held on Tuesday in the Manchester Town-hall , to consider the propriety ol petitioning the Legislature in favour of the retention of om existing commercial policy . The chair was taken by Tlws . Bazley , Esq ., the president of the chamber . Mr . Henrj Ashwortb , of Turtou , near Bolton , moved the following resolution : — " That , remembering the repeated manifesta . tions of hostility made by the noblemen and gentlemen whe now compose the Executive of her Majesty ' s government to the commercial policy happily adopted by tho Legislature of this country , and especially to that most important o ) all questions—the abolition of duty on the import of corn and food consumed by the mass of our people , this chamber
reiterates ifc unbounded confidence in the true patriotism and justice of that policy , and resolves th = it a petition be forthwith transmitted to both nouses of Parliament , praying that each may respectively take such measures as may remove all uncertainty , and assure the country tl-at th € undeniable progress hitherto made under that policy shall not he arrested by any return in any degree to class legislation . "—Mr . Owen seconded the motion , and it was agreed to unanimously . —Mr . W . Romaine Callender moved the following petition to the Legislature : — " That thin chambei has witnessed , under feelings of unmixed satisfaction , the speedy and constantly progressive march towards contentment and happiness which the industrial classes of this country have made under that most wise system of free commercial policy which was foreshadowed by Mr .
Huskisson in 1824 , and received development under the ministries of which the late Sir Robert Peel and Lord John Rusgoll were respectively the chiefs . That , in the opinion of this chamber , so well aro the benefits which have already aocrued to thi 8 country understood , and so hopeful the progress which each succeeding year manifests , that any retrocession from that policy , and especially the re-imposition of any duty on corn or other food consumed b y the greal mass of the people , will evoke consequences that even true patriot would deplore . That not only wonld the fad or such retrocession be most calamitous , but the nntiei pa ' tion of such a possibility is in itself , detrimental to every in . tevest in the state . Uncertainty pavalyses the operations ol commerce and shipping , endangers industry in ever ] hranch , and retards the progress of agriculture both al home and in the colonies ; and as , from recent ohan ires it the government of this country , and dreaded uncerfaintj exists and is increasing , yourpetitionevs , disavowing , as this chamber has always disavowed , all intention of interfering
in party politics humbly , but earnestly , pray that youi honourable house may instantly take such measures as maj assure the country that no retrocession shall take place it the commercial policy now existing , which , founded on the immutable principle of justice , is diffusing happiness bj spreading employment on every sitlo , and elevating the moral character of the people by diminishing poverty and crime . "—Mr . Pennon seconded the resolution , and objected to so much as a shilling duty on corn . —Mr . W . Evan ' s supported the resolution , and appealed to the decrease of Pool Rates in Manchester , aa showing the undoubted benefit the people had derived from cheep food . Tha rates had Gradually increased up to 1847 , wnen th « amount was £ 1 ? 2 , 000 . whilst since then it had gradually decreased . In 1848 ij was £ 90 , 000 , in 1849 it was £ 70 , 000 , in 1850 it was £ 65 , 000 , and in 1851 it was £ 60 , 000 . ( Applause . ) The motion was carried unanimously . Mv . Heywootl moved a vote of thanks to the chairman , and the proceedings terminated soon aftei four o ' clock .
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, March IS , 1852 . .-.. I" THE NORTHERN STAR . ? > 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 13, 1852, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1669/page/7/
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