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ifomgu km Colonial SnttlKgewe
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THE ENFRANCHISEMENT OF LABOUR. THE TYRAflT ROSAS. inTTW T7VUD A T^i^TTTo-mtTsxTfn #\ *-» ^ <«rt»»rt
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Give me the liberty to know , to utter , ana to argue free ' j , according to congrfeace , above all liberties . —Mmos . The Saturnalia of Knavery and Folly approaches . A few weeks more , and flaunting in the sun will be displayed the banners of rival factions , inscribed with tin delnaive mottos—* Cheap Bread , * « Protection to
Br tlsblnlnstry , ' * Reform , '' Our Glorious Constitution , ' &c , &c . The privileged million—the supposed monopolisers of wisdom and patriotism—will vote as interest , fear , corruption , prejudice , or party-spirit , may dictate . Much * sympathy ' will be expressed for the poor man , by tfie chiefs of both parties ; and while from the one side will thuuder indignant denunciations of those who would rob the poor man of a Big Loaf , ' the other will send forth fulminations as load and strong against those who have robbed the British Labourer of * Protection' and set him to tho
terrific task of competing for existence with ' the untaxed foreigner . Both will insist upon their right to the title of 'the poor man ' s friends ; while both will take good care to leave the ( poor man ' where they find him—sunk in tho slough of political pariahship and social serfdom . In the eyes of Tories , Whigs , and Sham-Radicals , working men , on the occasion of a General Election , are a mere rabble-rout ^ of brawling , drinking , myrmidons , useful to shout / to bludgeon , and to do any other dirty work necessary to
gam victory fur those who can expend a few hundred half-crowns , and turn on the taps of some score barrels of beer . The wealthy encourage and stimulate popular degradation , and then have the audacity to expatiate on the people ' s unfitnes 3 to be entrusted with political power . On their part , too many working men con aptly or senselessly enlist under the bauners of faction—they proclaim themselves soul-less slaves , and then wonder that they are not treated as men—the peers , by right , of all within the commonwealth .
How often must the lesson be repeated that there is no sahalum for the worJdng classes but by and through themselves ? What avails ' cheap bread . Mf what is saved from tho aristocrat is appropriated b y the urillocrat ? Protection' may be a good cry for the landlords , but as interpreted by that class must be obnoxious to the labotrjrs . 'Ecform' may serve to rally the yet too numerous race of political dupes , bnt must excite the
loathing scorn of every man possessed of common sense . ' Our glorious constitution' is a fine motto for those who have appropriated ' glorious ' slices of tho people ' s patrimony ; for those who enjoy glorious ' livings in tho church , « glorious' pay in the state , or who are otherwise gloriously provided for at the expense of the masses . But for the people that motto has no meaning . A constitution that i gnores them they are bound to repudiate .
On the night of Tuesday last there fell from the lips of the Chancellor of the Exchequer certain words relative to « the political rights of labour . ' Opposing Mr . Locke King's motion to assimilate the county to the borough franchise , Mr . Disbaeh affected to regard that proposition not onl y as inopportune , but as partial and unsatisfactory , and therefore demanding his opposition , not merely in the name of the Government , but also in the name of the working classes . A stranger to politics , and therefore disposed to believe in the sincerity of parliamentary oratorswould
, suppose , on perusing Mr . Diskaeu ' s speech , that that gentleman was exceedingly anxious to do justice to the working classes . But not so . The Chancellor of the Exchequer is cunning of fence , ' and not EcrupulouB as to the character of the weapon that for the time being may serve his turn . To have a pretext for opposing Locke King's miserable modicum of 'Eef-rm' it suited him tocharapionise the * rights of labour / But let any member of tho Legislature seriousl y propose the legal recognition of labour's rights , he will find no more determined opponent to the encroachments of
Democracy'than tho ' right honourable'leader of the House of Commons . * The Enfranchisement of Labour . '—Ah ! if Benjams Bisraeii was inspired by the lofty and noble ambition of accomplishing so glorious an object , he would be worthy of the highest honours a people could bestow . TJnfortnnately that is not his object . The s : niles of royalty , the patronage of aristocracy , the trappings of courtly mummery , and the vain triumphs of Parliamentary warfare , suffice to satisfy and gratify a man who sacrifices to party the talents and attainments which—worthil y employed—would confer lasting benefits upon mankind .
The Working Classes must take the question of their enfranchisement into their own hands . They must insist npon the political rights of Labour being recognised b y Parliament and guaranteed by law . Heretofore those important bodies of work ' ing-men commonl y desi gnated ' the Trades , ' have stood aloof from political agitation . They would have nothing to do with politics . ' Unfortunatel y for themselves " tney have been unable to escape the influence of politics . In all their struggles for social justice they aave been opposed , not merely by omnipotent wealth , but also by those institutions and powers which , wider present arrangements , exist for the advantase
« W ealth , and to the disadvantage of Poverty . The Parliament is filled with the representatives of p rivilege and Money ; the Press is conducted bv the unscrupulous tools and corrupt instruments of Capital ; legislators , writers , priests , lawyers , magistrates , ' and jurors , are all , in virtue of the existing political system , combined against the powerless sons of Labour . To break up that combination , or render ii nugatory;—the system must be changed—radically reformed . That Reform will not be the work of Disraeii , Russell , or Hume ; it will , if ever effected , be the work of the people . When shall that work be commenced ? Even now . Shall Aristocracy and Usury share the electoral arena—and Lalour find no place therein ? But Labour is bv law
excluded . ' True . Barriers do keep out the unprivileged ; but they are not so high but they may be Reaped over , or so strong but they may be broken down . There is no obstacle to him who wills !' At least thig may be done . Labour ' s representaves may appear upon the hustings , enforce conside-5 a J Hboar ' 8 cl : » "ns , and challenge the right « ie candidates of minorities to take to themselves P A gnation of Representatives of the People . ' jweni so much of action will not be lost , if performed « * prst step in the work of effecting Labour's Enr - , . —I" - ™ » ••»• "vijw ui trutxilll " LritDOUr a Jill-8 Cment
cSt - The aPP ^ rance on the hustings of c andidates , either belonging to , or representing the -ntiments of the workb g classes , would do more in e-mll ? f ™ 8 the caU 89 of democracy , than Wt T ™? ^ by year 3 of Ord 5 » ai 7 action . rank cm " ^ - tat has ° ne or nior * ™ in its ^ UU capable of c . -, st , ng into the shade nine-tenths TheiT rj C l au ? ldHtes of th « Paramount factions . mwT ^ leadCrS ° the Cooperative bodies ; ^ X / 'T" VTu name ^ haTe b ^« identified « 5 ttfTf ^ - n V 0 kckof "A" * ; "SidIT f , u - ^ ~ the w 511 of a few » 1 " *» ftft ! ° take tbe lnltlative tand fli » me banner of f . in .-n : D * e TJ-cmuvn ,,..,.
fr Ilia ^ unimportan t and valuable address Yorkshire ft * * ^ s Cmmitt'e of Bradford , ** pari i ? ?»/ Bta ^ i rf » WB & * drf are tio faiSlv » \ anlth 9 CUrses of Competi-1 ^ Btheu ? v Xpowd - The addre 8 S includes by Hooi > Wrw ., « ei 1 t o ' " vyto the ^ f M ^ « itAGE aaiPajTEcnojj Io LAuorjB » « Jjq .
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cause ( say the Committee ) we feel convinced that no other question is worth a moment ' s consideration . ' Most trua . But , if possible , the Committee must follow up their excellent address by starting a candidate who will enunciate the same truths upon the hustings . What Bradford should do , let me hope will do , must be done throughout the land . Let the good men and true gather , gather , gather ; unite in Committees ; attend all election meetings ; expose the humbug of Tory , Whig , and sham Radical professions , demand justice at the hands of the Electors ; select candidates who will expound , vindicate , and championise the sacred pr inciples embodied in the Charter , and stand in the presence of haughty aristocrats and purse-proud mammonitieV , the bold , unflinching advocates and representatives' of
LABOUR'S RIGHTS-POLITICAL AND SOCIAL . ' The papers of Wednesday , contained ' the -following : — Pwhooih , Tuesday . The cx-Dictator of Buenos Ajres and family , who arrived here on Sunday , in lier Majesty's screw steam-ship Conflict , Commander Robert Jenner , lauded yesterday afternoon nt the JBtty of the Devonport dockyard , toJiere he tow received by Commodore Superintendtnt Sir Michael S-ymoitr . Shortly after landing the General touk up his quarters at Moorshead ' s Royal Hotel , ' Fore-street , Devonport , where he teas visited by the Port Admiral , Sir John Ommannty , and other hsads of departments . Sir John Rolt , the Commander of the Forces in tho Western District , toes prevented by sickness from calling at the totel .
In amiqaeuee of a T , easury order , every respect was paid l » y the officers cf the Conflict to the noble visitor , aud at the Customhouse everyfaci ity was given for the ready clearance of Ms bacgase . General Don Manuel de Itosas , who is about fi'ty-nine years of age , appears to hi-in excellent health and spirits . He is . accompanied by his daughter , Senoretta Donaa Mnnuela de Rosas , ic . The reader may have heard of Sawney Beane , the Scotch cannibal , who , some few hundred years ago established himself in a district on the southwestern side of Scotland , and for a number of years ruled and reigned by murder aud cannibalism . Sawkey and his hopeful famil y were iu the habit of waylaying travellers and farming people ; and as they
made it a rule to attack only lonely persons , they for a long time , invariably succeeded in overmastering and murdering their victims . That tho dead should not tell tales , they disposed of the corpses * as food ; and tradition tells , that when their lurking den was discovered , limbs and carcases were fouud in a preserved state , and on which it appeared . theso miscreants fed . Whether the cannibal part of the story waB a popular exaggeration is uncertain ; be that as it may , tho wretches well deserved to die , and dio they did , at the place of execution in Edinburgh . I pray the reader to imagine that England and Scotland wera now separate kingdoms as in the days of Sawney Beane . that Sawney was flourishing in the
nineteenth century , and that being discovered making food of his neighbours , he had incurred risk of the gallows , but contriving toevado the officers of justice , had managed to get to the shore , jump into a boat , and get aboard one of'Her Majest y ' s screw steam ships ; ' that lastly , he had landed at Plymouth , and thereupon was graciousl y received by the servants and representatives of Queen Victoria :- —ihe Commodore Superintendent , ' the ' Port Admiral , ' &c , &c . Imagine the announcement
that 'in consequence of a Treasury order every respect was paid by the officers to the no&fe visitor , ' and again , as a matter to be regretted , that 'the Commander of the Forces in the "Western District was prevented by sickness from calling on the ex-Dictator : of Gallop What would be thought of such announcements ? "What would be thought of a Government whose agents dared thus to compromise their country ' s honour ? Would not public indignation rise against and annihilate a government so utterly lost to all sense of virtue and decencv ?
Rosas is a worse miscreant than was Sawsey Beane , bating the cannibalism . Better even a cannibal or savage who slays for food or plunder , and slays some few , than a barbarian , masquerading in the character of a civilised ruler , —a miscreant who heaps hecatombs to subserve his ambition or gratify his lust for blood . For three - and - twenty years Rosas has reigned the absolute tyrant of ' Buenos Ayres , and the cruel oppressor of the nei ghbouring states . At home he reigned by terror of the most terrific " order . His victims were not immolated on the scaffold , in the face of day ; it was under cover of the night that his horrible agents came stealthil y nd suddenl those marked
;» y ujion out for slaughter and slew them in their sleep , or in the midst of their distracted families . In his suspicion and hatred he spared no one ; even the ties of kindred and friendship afforded no security when orce the gloomy tyrant entertained misgivings of those around him . Mere death sufficed him not . The destruction of life was usually accompanied b y torture and atrocities so revolting as to recall the " worst days ot those monsters in crime—the emperors of ancient Rome . Beyond the confines of the State of Buenos Ayres he carried war and oppression , particularly against the City of Monte Video , so long and so gallantly defended by its native and foreign population . Rosas is to be held responsible for tho bloodshed and miseries the Monte Videans have suffered
, as he furnished his worth y instrument , Okibe , with the means of carrying on a siege which , for duration , lias rivalled that of ancient Troy . Jealous of the freedom and growing prosperity of Monte Video , he sought its deBtructiou ; and fearful that ideas as well as goods would be imported from Europe—ideas adverse to his blood-Btained rule—he stopped the navigation of the Uruguay , and did his best to put an end to all intercourse with that part of South' America , excepting through the Custom Houao at Buenos Ayrea . As long as he believed himself safe he defied and insulted the Governments of Europe , and especially the Government of this country . His innumerable victims included some of Birtish birth , among others Lieutenant Wardlaw , whose murder occurred at a comparatively recent period .
Snch is the man—or miscreant—whom it delighteth the British Government to honour ! A tyrant ha s no friends , and it was but poetical justice that Rosas should be hurled from his bad eminence b y one who had been his lieutenant , and one of the instruments employed to sustain aud extend his frightful rule . Whether Ukquiza , in throwing off the yoke of Rosas , and giving his sword to the tyrant ' s enemies , was prompted by humanity , or by ambitionremains to be
, seen . Be that as it may , Freedom has dawned upon the Argentine Confederation , the spell of terror is broken , the cruel despot who held human life so cheap as to sport in its agonies and take delight in its expiring throes , has been seen to fly clad in mean disguise , to save his wretched carcase from the red right hand of the aveuger . As vile as he is wicked , he concluded his career by plundering the public treasury thus adding the character of robber to that of assassin and
tyrant . ' The honours paid to this incarnation of crime and rascality , attest too plainl y the liberticidal tendencies of the British Government . It is for the people to say whether those tendencies represent their sentiments . It cannot be that those who loathed the presence of Nicholas , flung Haynau from these shores with blows and curavs , and who have made the heavens ring with their maledictions upon the blood-dripping Usurper of France , should feel other tlian horror at tho presence of South America ' s Sawjse y Beane . Let him be cautious how ho tries the forebearance of the British people .. ] f he is wise he will seek the deepest obscurity , in WuiCtt to h ^ e his gnilty head ; or , if he will atir abroad , let him take care to keep to tho company of ^^ a 8 . Com-
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modore-Superintendent Sir Michael Seysiour ' ' Admiral Sir John Ommanney , * Sir' James Graham { the letter opener ) , Colonel Sibthorp , and Mister Calcraft , of the Hanging Hotel , Old Bailev . But let him not attempt to impose his revolting presence upon the people , There are some crimes that place their perpetrators out of the pale of Humanity Such crimes Rosas has committed . Let him be branded with infamy , and find no safety but under tho mark of Cain ! L'AMI DU PEUPLE .
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FRANCE . BONAPARTE , AND TIIE ORLEANS PROPERTYFREiVCH SPIES IN LONDON-TIIE ARMY AND THE ORLEAjSISTS-PRE PARATIOXS AGAINST INSURRECTION . ' : ( From our own Corre spondent ) . An idea is prevalent in England that Louis Napoieon Bonaparte is so firmly seated that nothing could overthrow , him . This is a gross libel on the V rench nation . To say nothing of the wide-spread Democratic feeling of the country , of the deeD vested
devotion to the Socialist docrines of Louis Blanc , of Proudhon , of Fourrier , of Cabet , all different in detail , but coming by varied ways to the same end-there ia at this present moment something going ou in Paris which may not improbabl y end in revolution . I allude to the trial relative to the property of the Orleans famil y . This act of confiscation has roused , as you are aware , deep-rooted hate in the bosoms of that large section of the middle classes who are devoted n- ^ J ""^ branch . The verdict by which the Oivil inbuaal declares itself competent , has roused this body to a state of frenzied enthusiasm . They declare their cause gained .
It is probable that the Civil Tribunal will jjive hi a lew days a final verdict in favour of the plaintiffs . The position then becomes dramatic , exciting , and serious . iiy an absolute decree , Louis Napoleon Bunaparte , whose name each day is more execrated , whose daily acts have been murder , pillage , and violation of all decency , has declared the private property of the Orleans family the properly of the nation , i . e ., of himself and . his gang of knaves and prostitutes . But an august tribunal declares the decree null and void , and inapplicable . At once the Orleans family enter into possession of their property . What will they do ? will
They first present themselves and demand to take possession . The holders will refuse . The plaintiffs then will call upon , as by law directed , the nearest post of soldiers to lend them main force . Will the soldiers def y the law once more , and set at nought the orders of the only court which decides questions of property ? A struggle would certainly ensue , a vast portion of the population would rise to defend the majesty of the law against the arbitrary decreeB of an unprincipled ususurper . It . would not be the Orleanists that would gain * anything by it however . France is Democratic and Republican—it detests , as a nation , the whole race of its tyrants
, I am credibly informed by a person of note—not a Democrat or a Republican , but a man who serves the present government from mere pecuniary reasons—thai ; the most careful watch . is kept over the refugees in London . . Certain pretended republicans , great talkers , tremendous fellows for .-conspiracies and plots , but really spies , have been expelled rudel y by the police here , and ordered never to set their foot again in France ; while , in reality , they are sent to England , Belgium , and Switzerland , to watch over the refugees , to report their ideas and feelings , and probably to get up some hasty movement , that may excuse audjuBtify the coming Empire .
Let the noblo exiles of liberty bewaro ; let them trust no man who is not well known ; let them hear all , but say nothing . Above all , Jet them not bo betrayed into premature action . The most strict watch is kept over all - suspicious letters . They are opened without any respect to tho decencies of life . The postmaster general is a perfect Graham , Despite all the cunning and art of the police , they cannot keep their plans secret . Uely upon it that I shall keep my eyes on M . deMaupas , and warn you regularly of anything that turn up . I happen to have a means of hearing of the movements of this respectable individual , and of his schemes .
There is a strong impression in certain circles that there is something in the wind . Either the police want to get up a row , or they have an inkling of one about to be got up . For my own part , I do not know one Democratic Society who at this moment looks upon insurrection as wise or prudent . Still there is no saying ; the heroic population of Paris have done so much that nothing on their part would astonish us . One thing is certain , that no army could keep down a general insurrection . In June , 1848 , the insurrection failed only because there was treachery and gross blundering . Men fought stupidly against the June insurrection , believing the abs urd report that it was a movement of royalists . Do royalists fight ?
We must not disguise from ourselves that tho difficulties of the democratic party are vast . Louis Napoleon is in possession ; he is backed by the army , b y a gang of fat , greasy , packed , picked , and slavish citizens , volunteers for his new national guard Large numbers of democrats have lost all heart and become apathetic , while many workmen excuse everything because there is money spent , and much work . But this farce is in part fictitious . The men of the army are chiefly democrats , supporting the government from that feeling of discipline which drills
a man into a machine ; the officers are Republicans , Orleanists , Legitimists ^ gang of purchased traitors excepted , anythingarians , whose sword are at the service of the highest bidder . The present Waiional Guard is not a fighting hodv . In an hour its guns would be in the hands of the insurrection . Une bold act , one movement well organised would give heart to the most desponding republican . Aa to the work got up for the pro . etaires , it won ' t last lona . Where is the money to come from > The more employment there is now , the more severely will distress be telt When this false activity ceases .
So alarmed ia tho Camilla at the very thought of an insurrection , when they would surely expiate one and all their crimes , that they sleep not , Louis Napoleon , Peroigny , Vaudrey , and the wholo gang , dream of nothing but barricades , a general rising of a ' the people , the capture of Vfucennes , the distribution of its million muskets to tho people , their march on the Tuileries , EU-see and Hotel de Viile , with tho consequent ignominous flight of the ' vultureB , blood suckers , and pilferers , who fill the great Adventurer ' s , Senate , and House of Commons . With all the fear and despicable cowardice of guilt , they are alarmed , and orders have been given to fortify the fort of Vincennes , to put a ditch round it , aud thus render
its million muskets safe . AH these precautions aro UBeless . They will not keep Sonlouque ' a imitator one instant longer on the throne , or chair , or stool which ever he pleases to call it . ' The hatred of tho Orleanists for the army in general is intense . They threaten , that should an insurrection burst forth , they will ! join it to a man , and give the army a ksson . It shall he not a ' fight , hut a hunt , ' said one to me the other day fiercely ! * We will not take our double barrelled guns and shot for nothing . " For myself , I think tluue men very big talkers , but at the same time ready to aid and abet any tyranny , rather than see the advent of the people ' s reign .. . Whenever the President appears in public , in aris-
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tocratic , or in democratic quarters , he is received with sullen indifference . A few aristoeratics take off their hats , but the superb contempt with which tho ladies of the Faubourg regard him is very amusing The government journals have made much of a ° n accident at Yincennes , ' tho blowing up of tho firework workshop , &c . ' Tho motive of this exaggeration is at present inexplicable . The real fact is about £ 10 worth of fireworks caught fire and killed half a dozen rabbits . Of this the Bonapartist journals have made ' Terribleaccident—fifty thousand francs worth of firoworks destroyed , and narrow escape of huu . dreds of men' ! zz
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The " Moniteur " of Monday contained a fresh shower of lnrgosBes to the army , in ; tho shape of a decree ordaining that the year 1851 ahull count as a year of campaign to those troops who were called upon in ' nny part of the French territory to suppress the resistance offered to the usurpation of December , h is no wonder , that i » the face of such immense profusion . rumours of a proxiin ' iiio . inevitable loan should be renewed , wuilofort . be . first time since tho conversion , tho Now Four-and-a-llalf per Cents , have been below par . M . Piocon , who wfis a ' mamber of tho Provisional Government in 1848 , M . Meyer jind AI . Itasiiau , editors of the "Democrate Jn Rhin , " published at Strasburg previous to the 2 nd December , received a few months since , from the judicial authorities of Buden , a summons to appear before the tribunal of the Grand Dnchy , on account of the several articles published in their journal against the Grand Duke , but not appearing , M . Flocon has been condemned by default to two and a half years' M . Meyer to eight months ' , and M . B istian to fourteen months' imprisonment .
M . Teste , the ox-Minister , died on Sunday at Chaillot after an illness of three days . The Government evening journal , the ' Patrie , ' contains a formal announcement , that the minister of police haa notified to the proprietors of foreign newspapers , that they will litre . 'forth be compelled to publish a formal retractation of any false reports that they may have published , under penalty of being forbidden to enter the French territory . The '' Moniteur du Loitet" states that incendiary fires were increasing in a frightful manner in that department . On the 20 th , lour fires broke out almost at the same time , in different parts of the i ' orest of Montargis , which , notwithstanding the exertions of the gemlurmery and the firemen , aided by the inhabitants , could not be got under until about twelve acres of wood had been destroyed . In the night of Tuesday another fire broke out in two farms in the commune of Courtenay , by which three buildings , a barn , and several sheds were destroyed , with all the property they contained .
General Dufour , extraordinary envoy of tho Swiss government , arrived oh Monday , in Paris , to confer with the President on the questions debated between France and Switzerland .
The " Debats" announces tbat the Government has determined on referring the question of competency , affirmed by the Tribunal of the Seine , in the matter of the Orleans property , to the Council of State . By this step the legal tribunals of the country are debarred from interference in the question raised by the State .
GERMANY . DEATH OP THE GRAND DUKE OF BADEN-CASPAU HAUSER ' .-CRIMES ASH
MYSTERIES-PHOGRESS OF DESPOTISM-LIBERAL REACTION IN SAXONY . Intelligence reached London on Tuesday of the death of the Grand Duke of B-iden , which took place on Saturday " -Sh Grand Duke Charlea Leopold Frederick , v ? aa Dorninl 790—he was * therefore , sixty-two years of age at his death . . To Englishmen he has been only known as tho ruler of a small and unimportant German principality , noted chiefly for its revolutions , and especially as having been the theatre of the last , sanguinary struggle between the democratic party and . the new absolute power ' of . Prussia .. Nether as a man nor as a soverei gn was the late Archduke characterised by any extraordinary personal qualities , aud his life therefore presents hardly a single feature not common to the majority of German sovereigns—at one t
momenhumbly bowing to tho popular will when it wan m the ascendant , promising liberal institutions and lawsbreaking these promises , aud trampling tho people under loot , when restored to tho full exercise of absolute power It would bo a useless an < l thaukless task to refer' 0 them , ilie Grand Duke leaves several sons ; tho eldest of these is an idiot , and to whom the ducal throno cannot therefore he confi . led ; but the family have resolved that the succession shalj take plico in due order , only the government of tho duchy shall be confided to tho second son , Prince Frederick . It is hoped by this means to avoid giving to the other claimants to tho throne the opportunity of again disputing tho rights of the present family which would bo offered , by an irregular succession . These claimants aro , however , already in the field , in the persons of tho reigning timily of Bavaria . [ low , notwithstanding tho existence
of apparently direct and legitimate male heirs to the ducal throno , the Bavarian sovereign , as the heiid of the House of Wittolsbacli , can put forward any claims at all , is a curious and most interesting question . In tho year 180 b the tmporor Napoleon compelled the then Grand Duke of Baden , Duke Charles Frederick , " to marry his son , Duko Charles , to Stephanie Tascher de la Pagerie , a niece of tho E i . press Josephine . The fruits of that marriage were two sons and three daughters . All of the latter nre now living —on . j is married to the Marquis of Douglas . Tho first son died very suddenly , and when tho second son disappeared , or died very suddenl y , no records of either are to be found . Duke Ludwi g , the youger brother of Duke Charles , was exiled from Court for a very considerable period by his father , the then reigning Grand Duke . A
late seemed to attend the male children brought into tho world by Stephanie , Suspicions of foul play were very seneralat the time , and wero directed solely against Duko Ludwig , who was known to be ambitious of succeeding his father , and who hated the Duchess Stephanie and ln-r children . Duke Charles died , and on the death of his father , Duko Ludwig , appended the ducal throno . Duke Ludwig remained unmarried , leading a life of the wildest and most criminal character . Some years previous to his succession his father , the Grand Duke Charles Frederick , having lost hiifirdtwife , contrietalaleft-hando . lor ; norganatiemirriaL'o with Madame Geyer von Geyersberg , a lady of bad reputation about tt »« court . After their marriage Madame Geyer was created Countess of Ilochberg . While married to the Grand Duko Charles Frederick the Countess Hochberggave birth to four children
, the eldest of whom was the Gnihd Duke Charles Leopold ,, whoso demise is now recorded . Rumour was mysterious about the parentago of these children , nd dirk hints were thrown out as to their relationship , Duke Ludwig ' s name being much complicated in these statements . During the reign of this Ludwig , it happened—some of our readers may remember the circumstance—that a wild idiotic youth w »» found ono morning sitting in the streets of Laipsio and unable to give any account of himself . His tongue give forth only unintelligible and indistinct sounds . Taken care of and instructed by kind Samaritans thin youth who had given to him the name of Caspar Uauser , gradually made known to his friends that bis previous existenco had beon passed in a cell underground , in which ho had only seen ono person ; that he had never ^ een the diiylight until a few days before his discovery in Leipsic ,
when his keeper carried him out of the cell and transported ' him to the place iu Leipsic where he was found . Inquiries , public and private , were made in all directions without any result . Suspicions of various kinds arose , a paper war ontiued , some authors treating Caspar llauser as an ingenious imposter , others enunciating boldly the suspicion that he was the heir to the Baden throne . Facis , however , were wanting to prove the connexion , and while the inquiries w < ro still pesding , poor Caspar llauser was suddenly murdered in Uumber * . The wanting facts have never been supplied , though the chain of circumstantial evidence liau been increased and strengthened . It was known nt the timo
oi the paper war alluded to , that a pamphlet on the subject announced for publication , as cbntaiiiin « some of the wanting proof * , hud been bought off by some unknown person . Ihii unknown person was subsequently proved in a court of justice to have been Major llennenhofer . the creature audconndantof LuiJwig . the minister to and participator in all his dissipations . Major HennunhotVr was also seen in » urn berg on the evenu . g when Casper Hauscr was murdered . Were an inquiry to bo made , it is possible that more evidence on the subject would bo fo . tl . cominjf , and the identity of Casper Mauser with the missing son of Duchess Stephanie i . e clearl y established . Tho duchess has preserved on this sul . j .-ct the strictest silence Her present position arid influence in . i \ . ris mi ght , perhaps , if the HHnpielou * which have prevailed are well founded , induce her to break that resolution , nnd visit with vweanco the family for whose advantage her own sons were made away With *
It is asserted in the "Weser Gazette" that the Ger . manic Diet has formall y threatened to interfere openly in the affairs . of Hanover , in case the government does not modify the liberal institutions granted by the late king . Ihe Second Chamber of Prussia h voted the imposition of a atamp duty on newspapers . The Austrian government is zealously suppression Ml ournals having in view the maintaining of national senti-
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ments in Bohemh , Moravia , ai , d Ca' ! a-ia The national Hungarian jOatnalB l . ato , ofcoutu , , iou ' g ceased to The Saxon Chamber of Deputies lias nesatived hv i ! ir » n majority , a motion for the suppression of tie National Guard lho same Assembly has also declared in favour of " mint . nl ing tho present Zollverein , but has auiuittwl the advance of coming to certain arrangements with Austria , on terms ot reciprocal concessions . Some time ago , the editor of tho leading journal of Leij . sic was condemned to three weeks ' imprisonment , for having published an article considered Ottensivo to German jrovuriinieiits in £ cncr ; il . The Court ot Appeal , houosur , acquitted him the oth > r day , ordered the confiscated number of the journal to bo returned and even freed him from the payment of the costs , ' 'fii ' w is a serious blow for the reactionary government of Saxonv .
SPAIN . „ . Doubts as to tiik AnMt ! l lie complete dependence in which the government finds iweir with regard to the army , causes tho utmost vigilance toboobierved . and tho system of espial or ^ nised in the time Hi * 3 ? ^"'^ . wvoal * from time to timo symptoms of awrontont , wbien give no small uneasiness to the present KJS" ! " "" istm - , Tilu "Siment of San Marcial Ims eceMed orders to ub to Swarre . It was m this nI ? . , } " ° - U Wl 11 recol ! «<* . that the military mut ny took ce ve , l m"r T " ° - The Uci ! iil B W » ° » t » which t . as ref-AS £ n pu ^ lfr " ° tIl ! in *»««» ««*»
PIEDMONT . Tiik Govkrsmkst and tiik Opposition C-. tlhri ' whM S 0 " lt ! i ! T 1 > UnctJ hM J llSt 0 Murf « d at mtS ¦»' . ' T provoke il cotltlict bBtfflien tl >« «<«« i » - mn ^ t ° \ " , ° f Ul ! lt P ' ilCe - A ee " * l * wyer , " KnHrT T , '» r " P ° , Mtosral journal called the hXT L ^ i !"" * ' 7 las 1 : itely imu ! e hlm « 'f conspicuous bo ! n arK . ° i h ° E owniIueilt - *"« this offence he ha ! Pi " HirPh * . y ^ Government , and the electors of S f . » ? J hroWn their ^ ovur him b - elccth'g him aa tho deputy to represent them in parliament .
AMERICA . OUR AMERICAN CORRESPONDENCE ?> , JH ~ WI 1 IU DEF 13 ATS—THIS MATCfll KS < 1 BAMTJM-TU 8 HOMESTEAD LAW-TllS" oS { From our own Correspondent . ) ,, M v . ,. . ., Ke Yohk , Aphii . 13 , 1852 . By tho ] Siagara , which sails from Boston to-morrow I forward yon a summnry or the princi pal affairs that have 1 avT ' in E ? tliJS " ^ ° intei ' l ° democrati ° From the way things ave working in Congress , it is evident that the . members of both- houses are merely exercising their wits , in order to kill time till the assembling of the national conventions of both parties .
The election in llhode I .-land has resulted in the choice of a Democratic Governor and Whig Lieut . Governor . Both branches of the Legislature are Whig . The democrats elected their Governor in Connecticut by about 600 majority . The Rev . Mr . Mullen , formerly curate of Clonmellon , in Ireland , and whose efforts on behalf of the people ia his own country have long been familiar to the popular party in that " unhappy land , " has recently arrived in New York , on a missson from the Irish Catholic University . He has written the result of his observations respecting the state of his countrymen in America ; the principal topic of which is , as of course was to be expected , ot a theological character .
Kut the latter , not to say the greater , portion of the epistle , consists in the just and glowing indignation which the author pours forth against . the conduct of his reverend brethren in Ireland for some of their past high crimes and misdemeanours against the welfare of the people " committed io their charge . . Hear him first , however , give a little touch up for the revival institution —| he English Church as established by sword and bayonet in Ireland - .- "Leave the Protestant establishment" says he , " to fester in its rottenness for a time : it is a soro , all the appearances whereof indicate proximate suppuration ; it is better to leave it so roratime . " And then he walks into the members of his own craft , with a zeal , and fire , and gusto , that arc exc edingly refreshing , when coming from one of the '' cloth"
"lou , priests of Ireland , knew that irresponsible landlord power was Ireland ' s curse ; that if robbed and plundered all classes , obliging them to live on one root ; you knew that it drove millions here—that it forced other millions into pauper prisons , to perish slowly ; jou knew th " , and preached patience incessantly to a famishing people ' and in many instances , without explaining tho privilege of the natural law of taking what would support life in extreme want . Ireland ' s monster evil was landlordismerne ! , unjust , irresponsible . You , priest ? , s : iw it , knew it , and felt it , even in your own strai glitcnc-J . circumstances , and yet there was no universal shout of execration against it- ^ no cry thi \ t would frighten a minister to remedy so great an evil .
"If the Irish priests had united , and stimulated the people by their example to unite in tho same cause , and thus tmnded together and backed by the bishnps , pressed the government to settle the land question , and not p ermit the people to be robbed , treated as cattle , and finally exiled , do you not know well the government would have hearkened to their demands , would hai-e taken from tlio landlords irresponsible power , and have kept the peoplo at home ? Yes , this would have been the result ; and that it has not been so is attributable to your Hunineness , and wo are therefore indirectly accountable for the lo > s of the millions enumerated above . Tue government saw you wero not like men in earnest and determined to succeed . You held county meetings and dfcito ,. ed tlie country by pledges whicli you had no idea of carrying out . You even at some
elections worked for men who , though opposed to tho government on the Titles Bill , would vote witu tbat same government to impose even additional restrictions on your poor parishioners , the fanners of England . You returned Whigs to defend title *! What are bishops , or titles , or churches , or priests , when the people are gouc ? The government saw your insincerity ; they knew it from your place-hunting representatives ; they felt it from ttieir underlings , from whom you sought places iu the customs , Post-office , and revenue departments ' , &u . ; sought places for your respectable parishioners , for your brothers , your nephews , and cousins—and hence you could not afford to be prominent in the tenant cause "And more of you held back iu order not to displease some hard-hearted landlord in your neighbourhood , whose generosity to you was estimated b y " a free parochial house a fat cow , and a £ 10 note at Christmas "
There , that is pretty fair , and doubtless the reverend gentlemen to whom tho letter is addressed will amply appreciate the portraiture ot themselves and their former flock thus correctl / drawn by their own indignant missio » nary . The Whigs have sustained a great defeat in Connecticut , chiefly arising from the combination of Greeby Bamum , and others , to carry tho M . iino Liquor Lnw in th it state . The Homestead , or Free Farm bill , has croatod great excitement iu the Legislature . Mr . Averett , democrat , of Virginia , warmly opposed tha measure , regarding it as unconstitutional , and designed to operate on a class , instead of all the people , for which the public l . iiuiH are held in trust by general consent .
Colonel rolls , democrat ot lunnesaee , ; v » owed himself in favour of the Homestead Bui , and proceeded to sav that heis one of those commonly known as Youiiw America bv which he meant men who live up to tho progress of ' tho age , and wish to carry out the glorious mission of tha country , lie did not , however , war against the glorious * old Democrats who have stood iu the front ranks struggling against the common euemy—the Whic pnrtv - and h » would consider U purucMal to strike at their seamd bosoms Ho acted lor the interests of the Democratic party because the success of the principles of the government ; andf progress are ldenttheil with it , and had too treat a respect for General Lass to allow a blow to le aimed at him , or anyotlior " old togy who had been of service to the party .
Mr . Chandler remarked tlmt he had nothing to say on tho 1 resiik'iiUul question—nothing as to young America or old fogy ism—although he understood the gentleman from Tennessee to say that he belonged to one ami is opposed to the other . He had not time to givo advice , but could say , in all ages , times and countries-, old fogyiatn has been that wiiicti has saved nations' from the rashness and imprudence of young—whatever it might be . Mr . Polk—I meant by " Young Amjri . a , " only the spirit of tt . o age—and not trembling limbs and wrinkled bro * s . We think we are o ! d enough to carrv Hit night key and . try ourselves . ( Laughter . ) - Mr . Chandler replied that perhaps the gentleman had reml more ot the sacred scripture .- ) than oi the profane ( Laughter . ) He would lecolleet that there was a m J among the young Israels , and that Absolom set uu \ t , nn «
Israel against tlie om ugy , Ms father . ( Laughter \ I Absolom had "" d " 3 bald a head ai the Bentleman " frnm Vermont ( Mr . Meachau ) , or hi . head covered 52 . IT l , ke tbat of the Senator from MicWga ™^ TnSer w 2 have got hung oji the oak tree of hi ! la her ' " forLt ^ been p . erced through vrith a dart . ( KxceS 1 2 n
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The Enfranchisement Of Labour. The Tyraflt Rosas. Inttw T7vud A T^I^Ttto-Mttsxtfn #\ *-» ^ ≪«Rt»»Rt
THE ENFRANCHISEMENT OF LABOUR . THE TYRAflT ROSAS . inTTW T 7 VUD A T ^ i ^ TTTo-mtTsxTfn # \ * - » ^ <« rt »» rt
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' "v THE STAE & NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL WILL , AFTER THIS WEEK , BE PUBLISHED UNDER THE TITLE OF (^ 6 U ^^ ( e-vU / tZr- )
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 1, 1852, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1676/page/1/
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