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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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**^~ COBD J 32 T 8 ADDRESS TO HIS CONSTIT UENTS EXAMINED . T 0 THE EDITOR 03 ? THE STATv GE FREEDOM . glR __ When a man of mark , &uch as Richard robden issues an address to the Electorsof the West Qix-nv ' it is esteemed a public document , and con--Jered by all as important That Richard Cobden ? , such an assembly aB the British Honse of Comj ^ , ^_ ^ m . COBDEN-S ADDRESS TO HIS
wond dispute . We have long noted in him the dialin ' imishing qualities olE the class he represents , — ene % y aud persevcratice . He has been a fortunate n success and victory are his . He has been a nDDn jar man ; fame aud opportunity are bis . Richard Cobdcn bas not yet proved himself to be a itatesnia "' At this moment he alternates between the past and tne fQture- He stands on what he has done ; be speaks to the present time ; the future will denial more of him than he has yet 6 hado \ vcd forth in the document before us in his siddresstothe electors of the West Riding of Yorkshire .
} Ir . Cobden is an advocate of "Free Trade , and claims tne cre ^ i ° f representing the opinions of « nineieen-twentieths' of the population of England . He shall speak for himself . ' trill not iasaltvour reason by offering to expose the evilinfluraVs of a policy which seeks to create an artificial scarcity of the wiiies of Providence . The necessity for argument has been sujer ^ d-d bv the experience of the last sis years , which has de-Ustntt * that a fee importation of the nectaries of life > confen
no * on ! v peat material advantages , but that it promotes the hJrfier dVtiuiesofapeoi'Ie , through the moral influences that flow toman abundant and easy satisfaction of their pnjsieal wan s . In a word , Fr < ° e Trade has accomplished the aim of the stetesman fer enriihing and strengthening tlie nation , while it has fulDlled the awe of the philanthropist by carrying comfort and happiness to tbe ton-. esofthv . se who Ike by the daily , labour of their hand . In omrea-egthase sentiments , I am giving utterance to the convicrons aud feelings of niaetten-twen tieths of the population of the
kingdom . The phraseology of that paragraph is general , and partakes very much of the fashionable mode of getting rid of difficulties . What does Mr . Cobden mean by the bounties of Providence , ' if by the' bounties of Providence' be meant the gift 3 of nature . Mr . Cobdea will discover that the land and all that is under and above its surface are the bounties of Providence , 'the ingenious inventions of mau are tiie * bounties of Providence , ' and among the
children of toil there is of the fruits of the same an ' artificial scarcity . ' Xexfc to tlie C vilS of an ' artificial scarcity' may be ranked those arising from an ' artificial plenty . ' A plenty which does not , like the ra from Heaven , fall ou the just and the unjust , but srhich makes the vineyard of the rich man fat 3 and mocks the poor man in his sufferings . Has Mr . Cobden any remedy for such anomalies ? If he has let it be named . 1 / lie has not , in the name of doceuGj , let him talk no more of * artificial scarcity ' and the ' bounties of Providence . '
' The necessity for argument has been superseded by tlio experience of the last six years , &c . ' Prom the firet Mr . Cobden has cried down all argument on principles , aud the experience of these past sis years has only proved that Free Trade has not remedied the social evils of British society—it has not , as a rale , carried ' comfort and happiness to the homes of those who live by the daily labour of their hands . ' The poor rate return , lately quoted in the pages of this journal , is a triumphant answer to all such boasting . Such ' statesmen'
and'philanthropists' as have had then ? aims' acccompliahed ' by Free Trade , as set forth by Mr . Cobden , are not bf our school ; and if ' nineteen-twentieths of the population of the kingdom * can be satisfied with the accomplishment of such aims—such a promotion of their * higher destinies' —such a ' satisfaction of their physical wants' as are reflected in the poor rate and emigration returns of this country , as a portion of the dissentient ' twentieth , ' we pity their ignorance , and , as heretofore , we will strive to enlighten them .
Think of Mr . Cobden's declaration , ye starving Highlanders , ye perishiug stockiugers , ye wretched wearers , ye refractory wool-combers , ye over-worked colliers , ye badly-paid shoemakers , tailors , and watch makers of London , Liverpool , Northampton , Stafford , and Coventry . Think of it ye serfs of the soil , " ye workers iu factories and workshops . Take note of it 'ye engineers , who , on the authority of Mr . Cobden , ' waxed fat and kicked . ' All of you are they that
lire by the daily labour of your bands . ' You are they for whom Mr . Cobden professes to speak—you are the men , who , on his authority , are enjoying ' an abundant and easy supply of your physical wants . ' If all be well with you , as the honourable member for the West Biding asserts it is , why do you complain ? Cease your murmuring , and when Mr . Cobden speaks , answer 'So let it be . ' Should Mr , Cobden be in error , it will behove you to correct him .
" We desire no ' artificial scarcity , ' no return of oae-sided Protection ; but we know " that this ' prosperity ' anthem , which Mr . Cobden chauuts so merrily , is a death-song to tens of thousands ; that unlimited competition is a curse , and- not a blessing ; tkt cheapness , the god of his idolatry , is , to the toiling millions , a merciless monster , iron shod , and trampling under its hoofs all that is dear to humanity . This is not a ' prejudice , ' as some gentle monitors would hint . Such a conviction is based '• ipoa facts—rests upon a knowledge of principles , ** uich , like water , will find their level ; and we « peat , that unlimited competition , which is the befmnin-r and tae ending of Mr . Cobden ' s Free Trade , a only war in a new dress—conflict , not concert ; if ; never yet saved a people—it never will ; its triumph to
£ " prove be the humiliation of labour , and that empire of Cheapness , ' which Mr . Cobden has forsix-« en years laboured to establish , will , when fully esta-Jtafced , be filled with the victims of unenlightened unshness ; and in it will be heard , weeping wailinff *»{ gnashing of teeth . We speak 'by ! he book ? « a are , for that reason , not prone to be in error . « e refuse , for mere convenience sake , to chime in *« n error , however popular it may be ; and while * e irould deplore any attempt to disentomb the ounea corpse of a one-sided Protectionist policy , we reject Free Trade , or unlimited competition , as 5 «> ng in principle , injurious in practice , and ruinous to the end to the true interests of mankind . We do not , like Mr . Cobden , cry down reason and a * gument . We do not believe in the doctrine of' inkUibility / whether its citadel he Rome or Manchester ; and , though strong in our convictions , we are
open to all fair controversy , "and will , when confronted , be found at our post . Certainly we do not see anything in the social condition of the working m ? n to justify Mr . Cobden in his assertion that the necessity for argument has been superseded by experience . On the contrary , we think experience has proved the necessity for argument ; and we refuse to tow obediently , even at the bidding of the member : the West Biding , who has been not inaptly t ailed the 'Sir Anthony Absolute of politicians . ' The doctrine of unlimited competition—of which
• it . Cobden is , in Parliament , the leading-advocate—11 destined to lose its held onjthe minds of observing J &d thinking men . Mr . Samuel Laing—the most Valuable of all our travellers , and one of the most r eservedl y popular of living English authors—has , 5 a . his most recent work , declared that regulation and y-operation are necessary to keep competition in "J k " , ^ - I < auTg is not one of the ' horse-shoe j ^ t s / as llr . Cobden , in his famous Leeds speech , glared the farmers of England to be . He is not monopolist . ' He is not a little loaf' advocate . & ls , . scnolar , an observer , a thinker ; and , as iuthority against unlimited competition , cannot charged either with ignorance or personal
ins Cobden still entertains the opinion that other fJd * folIow tlle exam Pfe set by England ; and ^ reciprocate her Free Trade commercial policy . ;• M > bden ' 6 earlier prophecies on that head have w . to f * 6 miBtakeB . He now expresses a ij " ' " the universal , though tardy , triumDh' of op ^ P ^ P ^ . We tell him that his 'belief is ijT- , facts and * bat wa «> n will prove to ^ cn ^ ! . * Ciimate , soU , habit , instinct , andlaware C CS T .- hls < belief ' * and ™ ^ toe * ° an be Ptw « fv , «» « heme of unrestricted exports and
im-• ftiSn e r ehazardous " * P ractice » and end iudis-^ riff ^ ' GoMen ' s hopes are may be learned from F c a ° g P ^ graP 0 of "is address st * ttpre « w" i *? . it is onr duty , by one more strong and > eSK ° rr * «?? & !> * P ° « imperishable I ^ ° ^ 1 j AM ? eofc a mmerdallibct ^ - That the adTocates Sj ' w ^ SftS *^ i 9 another 8 pedal &i ' ^ * ° thec ° nn-£ ?* «^ S reteried L othep "" Port ** Pn ° lic Verona , ^ TU MnMie ^ i oar tosMtfe interests are cSncernei S-t abt coSw !" ?** * ™ ** t the decision now 2 £ S ** K } 5 £ ? ? « f England waihave a salntarj ^""" tttmr Free tSL 2 " nat £ oM h ^ reKatdea 0 I * J « "i-ttnflj threatened by the put * now in power .
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rroteSonUt nrfn " i a se ? d Protectionist government repudiate esanpl » nnnn P f '" ? ples - Th : n wiil commence the influence of our has bpm W f rsal Jhongh tardy triumph of a principle which ofthe ^ r , ? aL * dm «* ° « ni ca » to involv e the well-oting « ne ™?^ ff Ud the ProsPe"ty of the government . With the ^ th ™ fif aS' ° V liberal commercial pSncip ' ss , I shall expect with confidence the growth of a more frak and generous internanonai gpmt , and , m spite o the backslMings of some from whom irfnS ^ ^ tter thiDBs » "ho have iavolveS us in the cost riVtfSn & ^ ab f nsof war ' I do not hesitate to declare my connctron , that the final triumph of Free Trade , which England is hrmo ? . i ° cons « lnmate ) will be the strongest guarantee that taenknfean jKmorfl , !! observance of that divine precept which enjoms 'peace on earth andgood will towards men . ^^^ L . ^ a seco ^ tectionist govenuaent repudiate
The greatest ' Monopolists' we know of are the Manchester cotton spinners , the very men who are Mr . Lobden ' s friends , and whose interests he advocates . What they and he mean by « no monopoly ' is liberty for them to use their Capital in the way w-HibIii to themselves is most advantageous . A kind ot hberty' which implies to all who are weaker than tney ,, submission aud subjection . A 'fraternity ' winch undermiues the foundations of ' Justice , ' and whilst its advocates use the words , ' peace ou earth and good will towards men , ' tried by their practices at home and abroad , they are the authors of war on earth and hatred among men . ' We ask Mr . Cobden , aud all who think with him , to point oat to us a single instance in which unlimited
competition , internall y or internationally , has not proved injurious to the best interests of humanity . India and Manchester , China and Bradford , America and Leeds , all tell the same tale . When called upon , we are prepared to submit an array of facts in evidence ot all we have said that cannot be overcome by any species of cant , whether such cant be political or religious . r In all that Mr . Cobden urges against our present e ectoral system we heartily concur . Our present electoral system is faulty from beginning to ending it is wrong in principle and practice : it rests unon
aosura Property Qualifications , is prejudicial to the interests of Labour ; opposed to a just representation of the interests of all , and demands immediate con-^ deration , with a view to its entire reconstruction . Ihe readers of our letter of last week will not mis . understand us , when we adopt with approbation Mr . Cobden ' s words : takS ^ fn ^ ° ° ^ SngIand wiU for their next tas ^ ™ dertt £ ri * « &" ° i ^ ? ystem which *» »« &r ° J the state of public affaire , and which is necessary to bring into harmony the theory and practice of our free constitution . . Gracchus .
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MAZZIXI AND M . BICOIARDI . ¥ 0 THE EDITOR OP THE STAR OP FREEDOM . Sir , —Allow me briefly to reply to M . Nadaud ' s correction of my " many errors . " First , let me explain that when I aaid " some Socialists , " I used the word some in limitation , not of those whom Mazziai addressed , but of those who thought it well to quarrel with him on account of his address . There is a Spanish proverb— " He begins a quarrel who strikes the second blow . " The second blow hero ( which needlessly made tfte quarrel ) was struck only by some Socialists : a very small minority of French Socialism .
I am by no means aware that M . Ricciardi" is in a better condition" than myself " to know the facts" of the Italian war . It is true that" M . Ricciardi is not a blind admirer of Mazzini . " But he is a blind opponent ; which is hardly a " better condition . " And as he puts up for an historian , his blindness does not excuse his departure from facts . M . Nadaud , though I doubt he has read Ricciardi ' s history , may assert his accuracy . I impeached it on one mOBfc important point , and M . Nadaud cannot defend him , but waits " 7 « s answer . " M . Nadaud does however take uponhimself to explain that M . Ricciardi blames Mazsini " for not having carriefl war into Naples—not before the fatal overthrow of Kovara , but after , as a means of easily recovering from it . " If M . Nadaud will refer to his quotation , on May 18 th , of the very remarkable
letter of M . Ricciardi , he will find these wordB : —" Naples onoe gained would in all probability have obviated the fatal overthrow of Novara , or at least afforded means of easily recovering from it" ..,... ' « It was impossible but that without the aid of the latter ( Naples ) Piedmont should finally succumb" " To remain moveless beside Mples ... wa 8 as much as consenting to perish as soon as she ( Ati 3 tri . i ) should have overcome Piedmont . " Is this after or before ? I will impeach M . Ricciardi ' s accuracy again . In his letter of June 16 ih . M . Nadaud quotes his opinion of the "deleterious influence" of Mazzini at Milan , of his " exciting discord , " as justifying M . Louis Blanc ' s assertion of Mazzini ' s " sacrificing to his own ' Utopia the necessity of not detaching Piedmont from the common cause . " I repeat , as an | historian M . Ricciardi should be acquainted with facts . He would then know that the very opposite of his ¦ words is true ; that Mazzini gave his most strenuous help towards obtaining union , deferring to it all his views of that Republic , which M . Nadaud , or M . Louis Blanecalls an
, " Utopia . ' Here are Mazzini ' s own words from the programme of his " Italia del Popolo . " M . Nadaud will aho find them quoted at page 100 of" RepubliqueetRoyauteen Italic" George San « Ts translation , Paris , 1850 : — " Let U 3 embrace each other upon the common ground which oircumstances assign us : Deliverance of the country , expulsion of the foreigner who threatens it . We will study together what are the most active and efficacious means for war against the Austrian ; we will point out to governments the way which must be taken in order to conquer , and we will march on it with them . Oar first thought is the war : the tccond , unity of the country : the third , what form , what institution may assure its liberty and facilitate its mission . " These words characterise Mazzini ' s whole conduct throughout the Lombard war . And these words of forbearance were written even after the bad faith of the royal party had become openly apparent . But 2 H . Ricciardi ' s temper may be ) udged by the expression of" Mazzini , issuing from his retreat . "
You see , M . Nadaud , that I contradict II . Ricoiardi ' s accusations , direct and indirect . Certainly it is not for me to disallow your crediting them . I apeak for the sake of my own countrymen , who will take my word at least in preference to that of M . Ricciardi . For the rest , lam glad to find that the attacks upon Mazzini s character are sinkiug into mere complaints , that his conduct does not meet the approval of the " clever man and " accurate" historian , who "had his name been Giuseppe Mazzini , " would have made his triumvirate remarkable by " seizing a musket and electrifying the youth of Itaiy . " Why was he not there at that period ? For the future , let us only hope that he wdl not write the history of Socialism . No wonder so electrical a genius despises the " pompous uselessness" of Mazzini , though he mercifully allows the other triumvirs ( not forgetting Saliceti ) te escape his pompous censorship .
I have bnt one word to add on the unfortunate remark that " no French writer has more than Louis Blano contributed to the reputation of M . Mazzini . " The reputation of the defender of Rome does not depend upon French writers , And d it did , it h , to Hr higher names than that of Louis Blanc that it could safely appeal . I am , sir , yours faithfully , Brantwood , June 28 th . V . J . Lintos . [ We wish the disputants in this war of the pen would infuse a little less of gall and vinegar into their compositions . We agree with Mr . Linton , that " the reputation of the defender of Rome does not
depend upon French writers . " But why add the sueceeding sentence ? Opinions may diner as to the eminence of French writers , and Mr . Linton has a right to bis opinion . But with all deference , we must be permitted to say that not the voice of partisans , but the voice of enemies , as well as friends , has ( long since ) placed the author of " Ten Years " ' in the first rank of literary eminence . Louis Blanc does not profess to be poet or romancist ; but as historian and political writer , he iH , to say the least , not second to any of his contemporaries . We have yet to learn who ii his equal . —Editor . ]
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Riasojc fob a Dahk Hovse . — " Why don't you knock n hole in the wall and let the light in ? " we sa ' id to a poor Irishman . " Faith , your honour , I am not fit to bo seen in it , " wm the reply . A Bhoad Distihctioh . —A ship from Port Glasgow was recently lying in the harbour of New Orleans , when , an Irish emigrant one day came on board , and thus addressed the cook , who was also Irish—" Are you the mate ?" " No , " said he ; but , " I ' m the man as boils the mate . A Hard Name . —A man named Stone exclaimed in a tavern , " I'll bet a sovereign I have the hardest name in the company . " " Done ! " gaid one of the oompanr " what '« your name ? " ' Stone , " oried the first . "Hand me the money , " aaid the other , " my name is Harder . "
Chahcbby . —Every animal has its enemie 3 . The landtortoieebu t * o enemies—man and the boa constrictor . Man takes him home and roasts him ; the boa constrictor swallows him whole , shell and all , and consumes him slowly in the interior . Just to dou the Court of Chancery stvallow up a great estate ! A Yankee , who came over to the mother country some time ago , and who was asked , on going back , how be liked Great Britain , —** Well , " he said , " England was a very nice country , exceedingly fertile , well cultivated , very populous , and very wealthy ; but , " said the Yankee , "I never liked to take a morniDg walk after breakfast ,
because the country is so small that I was always afraid of walking over the edge " . " Sublimelt iMPDDEai . —A young spark ( says the " Public Balance , " S » n Francises paper ) , who boarded at one of our principal hotels , had managed for a long time , by one artifice or another , to postpone the payment of his bill . At last the landlord became quite impatient , and , stepping up to his juvenile boarder , slapped him gentl y on the shoulder , and asked him for the money . " I have not a red eont , about me at present , " was the laconic reply . But , my dear sir , " said the landlord , "I cannot afford to keep ; a boarding-house without being paid . " " Well , " exclaimed the young p hilosopher , " If you cannot afford it , tell out to tome < mt that « W , '
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iSff- Our Frienda will oblige by forwarding reports of Chartist meetings , and other Democratic proceedings .
CHARTISM . REVIEW OF THE LATE WEST RIDING DELEGATE MEETING . ( Concluded . ) Brother Democrats ,-To rightly appreciate the thorouehlv legitimate ( not "Legitimist" ) character of the delegatioa that met at Bradford , it must be recollected that an attempt wa 3 being made to form a new society , but no one had as yet become members of it . All the localities were called upon to give an opinion ; ts to whether they were in favour of vt or not . Under theee circumstances any locality had a ri ght to send a person to represent their ouinions on tho subject . Who were the delegates who di < an . ?^ H H , ° " T ? v " , , - * ° , them "presented Leeds , the largest town m Yorkshire , and one that Has been uuiineccea
witn tao Uhartists from the commencement vet because the Leeds delegates were opposed to Mr . Jones ' and his plans , he declares they had no ri ght to bo there , iveigniey , that has had a society ever since the time that tho " . Black D * arf" was published . Soworby ? whtah ha contributed more money to the West Riding fund than any "fc wmWSH ' h r ° h eVe ' ° ' "Wforoftbe Star will recollect , has been an active Chartist locality em once O'Connor . formed tho Radical AsSoSons ? an 5 which has only been inactive for a short time , because we could get co room to meet in , but during the time th-it w have been in this situation we have collected fiher £ J 5 towards building one . All the old Chartists were oRUedun gether , when the delegate was selected , and they were « na-0 D ; r , ^ rP d , » Tf ? to "w ** " 2 « STpoucy of the " Smashers . " Yfheatley , which has never had its Aasocatiou broken up . . Ovenden , which ha « for years been m tho habit of . occasionally sending deleft .,. / tTti ^
»«^ . » iBproved > tobytheminnleandtheca 8 hbook 7 EUand an old Chartist locality , which every Chartist lee turer who has travelled this country will recollect , Mr Jones complains that the delegate waa elected it i put auiTV a """ S'fcwie whioh I maintain does aotdis-Sl in i-f N , f !; thowram » ^ wh ich place I assisted to 5 , 1 oc f lltyfif ^ ycri ? S ° > and at which I have occasionally lectured ever since , Mr . Jones states that tho delegate from this locality elected himself ; another false ™ ' -n Th ° . ^^ . atated that they , liko many others , 2 ' ° ? " ? . disorganisation , but tho Chartists had 6 TO ? JESS ?' ! and far ? ished 1 hira wthhwinstrac ln « „ ™ ° 5 t dentlals were signed by two old and wellssaspSHssss gates from this place , acted as chairman » i \ L J ^ - , „! I
Gibbet-lane when the delegates for that locality were elected ; which is another falaehood . The chalmmofXt meeting was "James Damon , " and not "David Swbwi /* as stated by Jones . The Gibbet-lane locality . 4 wS baa KM ^^ Tir 80 f tw ° y eiirs . and the members of which are these who formerly met in Bullcloae-lane , bofore they were forcibly ejected from that place , and robbed of tlS ! YW Party ^ - ° . ° S t 0 themselves the sole right to hold an association m Halifax . The « Labour nJiS ?* ? al L y ' . * hlch is «» o oldeat Chartist house in H "i r ty ha «» g met there , for the purpose of se-2 ™ 5 Tu Rform long before Chartism was known , and which has lately been . mu <} h strengthened by parties who have loft Broad-street , on account of the intoE nnce manifested there , and by numbers of ofchersTwho havo left to escape from the ravenous iaws nf tho inaaHaM »
begging box / whose hateful ohink has become a perennial soundat that place . This party now forms the strongest locality that has for some time existed in Halifax . The Democratic Association , at Bradford , which engaged Mr . Jones , and paid him the laBt time he lectured in Bradford , and which no one can say is a newly-formed locality , and the association which has been formed at Mitchells ' coffeehouse , Bradford , by a number of men who did not like to abandon the principles , but who were determined not to be made the mere puppets iu the handu of Mr . Jones . Ifc is not the first time that Bradford has been divided into a number of looalities , as Mr . Cameron seemed to think It was formerly divided into four localities , and they all Bent delegates to the West Riding meetings ' Let us now look at some of those delegates who were sent to support the 'Smashers . " There Is Oinder-S where about four of the members of the Broad-atreet locality live ; these men met . nnd appointed two of thamiiBlvm
as > delegates 1 1 There is Pudsey , which «** paid a single farthing to the West Riding expenses . In fact , I believe no association ever existed at this place , and the delegates evidentl y elected themselves , as is shown by their credentials , which were signed bv Mitchell ono of tka flSSfi ° 1 ? t H 8 he T' ^ CommiS , wh ch Committee no doubt consisted of his colloague and himself ! aiTJSt T Roberfc » ° P . ^ Bingley . who was elected according to his own statement , by three others and him ' S- * i ! 2 i defia , noe o , f tl » e members of the association to whioh they belonged . Shortly after he had taken his seat , one of the members from the Bmgley association followed him , and handed in the following letter . " To tho Chartist delegate meeting .-Gentlemen , I beg to inform : ? ou that theBingley Democratic Society haa not sent a delegate to this meeting , and if there be ono pretending to represent the same , it is a forgery . " Yours , &c , W . Hillam . "
On the reading of this letter , Mr . Roper gave the above explanation . Yet notwithstanding thia barefaced piece of imposition , Mr . Jones and his party , who objected to Leeds and other large localities boing represented , were quite ready to accept the aid of Mr . Roper , and attach his name to Oar list of genuine (?) delegates . From this it will be seen , that notwithstanding the number of names whioh they managed to scrape together , only four Chartist locali ties were represented by them , namely-Halifax , Bradford , Midgley , and Huddewtaeld ; and as the two former places are divided , only two placeB could be said to be united on the question . When Mr . Jones penned his report he must have known that it would be contradicted , but he no doubt considered that the parties who read it would never see any other . I hope , however , that thow * who ™ j » h fhi «
will bB at the trouble to show it to his readers . He states that I was sent for to Croft-street , whither he and his party adjourned , after the breaking up of the meetiv » ? \ - JW ? , d t 0 g 0 ; whk ! h is as P a fiotion as the "Arabian Nights Entertainments . " Though , if they had sent for me , I should not have gone . After they came back from that place , he sent for me into another room , where I found him surrounded by the gang who had come from Halifax . His object in sending for me was to read a letter which I had sent him , in reply to one which he sent me concerning the former Manohester Conference . When I heard it read , I heartily wished that he would give it publicity , for I did not know that I had written anything so good on that subject . He likewise read n number of certificates from the delegates who had met at Man .
Chester , denying that they had acted under his influence Did any one imagine that the men would write themselves down as asses ? Of course not . He then denied , in the moat positive terms , that he had ever written to me , advising that Yorkshire Bhould be formed into " a state" of itself , appointing its own Exeoutive , & , o ., and challenging me to produoe the letter . Of course , not having it with me I could not ; but I will now give the whole paragraph ; and if Mr . Jones will appoint three of his frienda in Halifax , on whom he can rely , I will meet them with two of my friends , and show them the lettor . And after that , for his further satisfaction , I will send WmJS ? ° ? t wta 5 \ J ? - P ° tb > ee persons to meet himself and two of hia friends ; and if he does not accept these conditions , let him at&nd branded aB a liar and a traitor . The paragraph is as follows . —
Could not all Yorkshire form ittOt Into an organised Chartist bodwaj though noasiociation were in exUUwt \ . having itTown local Executive and devoting all its funds , all its talent all U » at tention to « avd « the organisation of the county , the eBtablishmen ' t of fresh loeakuei . enrolling members , and spreading S ^ nL Stnini ? S D e if . PeDl Let " be ft Charti » t Apu . i « &SZSiete The italics are his own . The letter has already been read by some scores in Halifax , so that whether Mr Jones agrees to my proposal or not , denial U out of the questl 0 5 ' c o- •»• x .. . ' ° Shackmstos . P ~ u o , wntin * tboab ° TO , information has reached me that the delegates from Pudsey elected themselves , aB there is no Association there ; and that their credentials were made out for them after they got to Bradford . There is no doubt that thia is true ; for the credentials are dated for Sunday , the 13 th of June . —C . S .
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forward , " The meeting was enthusiastTcally unanimous in their desire that Mr . ; H . should appear on the huJS . " the working man s candidate . 5 ' INVASION OF THE RIGHT OP MEETING . On Monday afternoon a crowded public open-air meeting was held in Connor ' s Fields , to take into consideration tho late act of the government , in having su 1-denly suppressed the open-air discussions of the workhi " classes in that locality , by the interference of armed police W . A . Hows , Esq ., ocoupied the chair , and stated the objects of the meeting . The birth-right of Englishmen he said , had been invaded , the right of assembling for the free expression of their sentiments had been interfered with by tho Home-Secretary , on the plea that their meetings , which had been held in the samo place for many years , were obstructions , and that indecent and blasphi ' mous language had been made use of . He had frequently attended the meetings and never heard any such lan ^ uace uttered . It was not tho disposition of the people of the = - — _ -
xower uamiets tnus to ace . rie naa rorty years experience in the locality , and could testify , wilh feelings of pleasuvo to the steady advance which had been made by the working classes . There was no reason why the liberty of the subject should be more interfered with in Victoria-park than in Ilyde Park , where real obstructions were occasioned by the throng of carriages of the aristocracy . It had not been shown that there was any act of parliament to warrant the police in the step they had taken ; thoy were not to be bludgeoned as they they had been , and were prepared to prove that public opinion would now send back the swords of those who attempted to interfere with freedom ignominiou 8 ly back into their scabbards ; and that those who had been so maligned by the Home Secretary were worthy of possessing the great rights of Englishmen ( Hear , hear . ) C . F . Nicholls then moved the following resolution : —
That this meeting , composed of all shades of religious and politi cal opinions , hereby testify to tlie peaceful and orderly assemblage ot her Majesty ' s subjects in Bonner ' s-fields on Sunday s for several years past , such assemblages { having met te discuss questions affecting their social improvement , to advance the cause of temneranee , and to hear addi « sses influencing their earthly amelioration , aud their eternal welfare . That these quiet and calm assemblagca have , without any caution given or warning used , been suddenly suppressed by the presence of a bod y of mounted and armed police , who will neither permit persons reasonably to converse together nor arrest them when thus ongaged , hut arbitrarily listen to , in ! terrupt and separate such persons , without assigning a reason or givingthem the opportunity of tryiRg tho question by law That this meeting considers the capricious and unexampled inter ' ferencs of then-paid servants , the police , a most dangerous infringement of the right of public speech afforded by the common law of England , and is determined to make a stand against anactth-it is at once aggressive , ill-liberal and unconstitutional .
The meeting he saw before him gave a direct denial to the calumnies which had beeu uttered by the Home Secretary The men who wore in tlie habit of meeting in that SDot weekly had never outraged publie decency ? When their representative ( Mr . G . Thompson ) appealed to the Home Secretary on tho subject , that functionary had boldlv asserted that indecent , obscene , aad blasphemous lancuaoe had been made use of , to the announce of tho locality The Home Secretary must have been misinformed as he had slated that which wa 3 at variance with the truth It was . no doubt an attempt of the Tory government to put down public discussion . They no doubt would like to introduce the acts of Lord Castlereagh ; but public opinion would soon convince the Derby government that ««/ . « nn
attempt would very soon be put down . ( Hear , hear ) Mr . James Savage seconded the resolution . A . S . Ayrton , Esq ., spoke at some length in support of the resolution , and was loudly applauded . He had heard the persons he saw before him accused of blasphemy and obscenity . The decorum he saw gave a flat contradiction tosuoh a foul calumny . ( Hear . ) It was most essential that at all cost the right of public assembly should be vin . dicated . There was no law which sanctioned the late unprecedented interference of the Home Secretary . ( Hear ) The police had not the power to interfere unless sanctioned by the law of the land . The police were not to be the toots of the government , but the servants of the public , out of whose funds they were paid . ( Hear . ) There was only ono way in which he could account for the late attempt to disallow meetings on that spot , and that was that it was a P f , ° wr , lands < If this was the ground upon which the Ilome Secretary had interfered , then the people had the House of Commons to appeal to , and by wh ch he hoped they would get redress . ( Cheers . \
TTu , ? ™ W - ' MlP " ^ xt addressed the meetin ? . He had travelled in many foreign parts , and ho had always found Ins countrymen protected in propagating their peculiar vieivs as missionaries , even at the expense of running down the religion of the country in which he was residing . It was hard if the same liberty was not to be found at horn ! . Pfn tha « the repiy ho received to his remonstrance nnZl I T ? » ° Z most vague - Jt had been re-IZlh « i m he C 0 "W n ? t vemember , that blasphemous Si »^ S iu ! W e had £ eenu 3 ed * these meetings in Bonnet s-fields but upon what particular occasion he could ?« ,, ff' ?! . "' H < ? r <) He truBted tllat Soever might represent them m the next parliament would make it their business to move for every tittle of evidence upon which this arbitrary and illegal step had been taken . V Mr Nbwton supported the resolution . Ilosaid ifc had S « tha tthe attempted suppression of these meetwho hi T , r T - 1 c ™ PIaints of wtain inhabitants who had characterised the proceeding na imm . ^ i ™ a
obscene . Let such inhabitants come forward aTfrtate SL TL ? f lf f nOfc ' l ° 2 n claim veneration tor ourlolmn ? - ' * rference had been made because the go-? 5 KSS \ Tt v 5 T f T growth of public wn - iSSii ^ n ? . n 0 t - dare t 0 fokrf «>™ wi-. h in-door S o ' n ^ Ul ¥ ™ 1 m favour of the ^ est'on being voted ; and he had no doubt that subscriptions would be raised to carry out this object . ( Loud cheers . ) Dr SS" tbe l ! pufc and unanimously adopted . iJi . Uxlky then rose , and moved : — oJlbemaZ ^ " * ? Ppointed to wait upon the Home Secrefa . meeting ? ' aPpriBe "" of the resol" « ens agreed to by that
m-SKf ?* . HwtI » . ' ^ seconding the resolution , eaid , that the ZS n - ? f ri S ht de Pf le 98 on Salute books than on the spirit of tho people . He did not believe that such an "ivasionof publics hberty as that thoy had been considering , r , i ? h l ' ? 5 ' Wero the government to succeed in this , they would not stop at that point ; and if energetic steps were not taken , Englishmen would have to hold meetings to resist the violations of other liberties . ( Cheers . ) * t , \ ? ' CoRS ° ? " efly supported the resolution , and thought that this was but the commencement of the struggle . The characters of the Bonner ' s Fields meetings had been misrepresented . " We held Buch meetings to improve our minds , and show the 'higher' orders that we are ' lower only by reason of our beiner comDelled to toil
tor our bread . " ( Cheers . ) . The resolution was agreed to unanimously , sud , after a brief speech by Mr . Palmer , Messrs . Willi am * M . P ., G TUompBon , M . P ., W . Newton , Acton , Ayrton , C . T . Nicholls , Dr . Oxley , P . Curson , T . Hunt , W . A . Howe , and W . ifiUmer , \» ete appointed to confer with the Home Seoretary , and after the usual honours to the Chairman this large meeting dispersed .
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ley , and Hearth , was held in Bradford on Sunday last « r . uolmes , ol Le ed * . occupied the chair . A draft of rules the ;; 'tmc"a 3 fin » M » t of the pro osed union , to bfi denominated milledif u U : ' " of CG - ° Perative Societies , " was submeed to i . meetin S- aml » W > « fcw verbal alterations , Central p als 0 resolved- " That the seat of the E ST ? 'f ' ° r Uie fifSt } ' ' should l ) e loottted »» their s ' ervw il ( , " ames ° S entlflrae » " ^ known for Presiden t of el , ! I " ° f Associati <> n , together with the forming ; he exeCuti "f " Uie U ! lifln ' WaS agreed to as bom * ' d beraSB IS « Uie firsl year - " A { ter about three of their delCtoM l 0 U ( Wenc 8 ' ) r ° ke "' ' ' unanirai'y future useK , ? , i . ? T * favourable indication of tha believe , in « i « ' MmM f ' ° f the killd - We Present , and , at the ream . / . Of Tl ?" ¦ ** ' ° f London ' meeting with a fer S' ^»« rm « n , favoured the rfl-dSlril Aadh ^ X ^ T- ' " thenewlaW the R . yal assent to become £ 'Ch 'S " ° W ° nIy awaiting
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GUIDE ^ 0 ~ Tll 7 LECmiE . Il 00 M . Leciu ^^ IUitituti 0 "> Jolm-St Witzroy-square-Jul y 4 th ( 7 J ) . a an ^ a ^^^^ i ^"' ^ ™«™ Cooper . - Ltfe , ^ rttl ' ° . ? l « " » - 2 « , High IWboA .-JuJy 4 th ( 8 ) . T W Perfitt Ohe Cinl War-Cavali « rs «« ul Roundlieads . ' ' 6 8 tt ( Tr ^^ ajjffisssr ^^^ - ^ . * MoKS ^ XSrieS " iSMW ^^
xuesaay ( S ) , Thursday ( S ) , aud Saturday ( 8 ) . J ° " SS ? ' ,, !?^ LeedS l Jul >' <« i ) . a Lecture . w & ; Tsl ! uLSn . Swan-6 treet > Mgsatu ' ***» - *« n SiKSift ' ^ "J . Eagar-btwet , Preston .-Lecturc every p ,, . ' i I- " v ? " Discussion every Sunday ei-cnine a . m !) , a Lecture 0101 ' ' " ' *«**** »> > tothvl pe ^ i , 4 th ( 11 if ^^ p ^ fS !"" ' Denmarlwtrcet , Soho .-Every Fridav ( 8 i ) S-iiSrssSras ^ ^ ' itics - ^ K&Si :
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FRIGHTFUL COLLISION Off TDK RIVER . fni ° A ! ? Sday a c 0 ll ! 8 i 0 n of the most alarming and frightful character occurred in the river Thames , off Northfleet the property of the Commercial Steam Navigation Coms « szsr ^ azr , » d £ s ™ tiffi&ftszss&zjr ' t 2 !/? Llo ™ & Particulars of the accidentgathered the
. , on spot at the time " it took place ma , be wlied on I apiSSfalUV . ?! ' ^ T ° - C waS Naming down - thc . ive r with full tide in her favour , immediately in the wake and , ust on the starboard side of the McteoS , GrS ^ nd steum ? iS , J . M . arn n ed neal ' ly ° , pposite Sortbflcct Point about &m «»? ta On neanng th 0 . Poi"fc « ' » Duchess of Kent Ramsgato steamer , was coming up the river again : t tide S ; TheRjTonsbournowas about three parts over the river on the Ivent shore , and . as she anm-oanhert Nnrt . h .
« ; W ff P ™ *? t J » « tbe starboard tack , and as she neared the Duchess of Kent coming up , the latter crossed , apparently with the object of passing between the ltavensbourne and the Meteor , when , in an instant , consequent on the heavy way on a large and powerful steamer like the Ravensbourne , and on her having the tide with her and being m full steam , before tho Ducness of Kent could cross her sho ran into her bows about twenty feet from her fi » ure head , or ) ust before the windlass on tho starboard ^ ow The crash was frghtful , and the Duchess of Kent , after heeling backward from the violence of the si . ock for a moment , was found to have her starboard bow completely stove in , and nearly cut in two . She immediately began to fill and to commence sinking , bows foremost . The stsne among the passengers , a large number of whom were ladien
with ohildren , is described as truly frightful . A rush was made en »» a «« to the after part ot the vessel , nnd women with children were seen clinging to various parts of the sinking ship . The Captain of tlie Itivensbourne , finding that tho Duchess of Kent was rapidl y sinking , backed , and the rush made by the passengers of the Duchess of Kent to get on board of her was dreadful , and women with children in their arms bec . one so frantic that they rushed in their fright to tho still sinking part of the ship ; at this moment the Meteor arrived alongside , and the passengers and crow wero literally dragged on board of her , and on board tne Ravensbourne , with one exception . Thia -was a eontleman
named Hale , a brewer , of Broadstaks , Isle of Th : met , who being infirm , could not be reached , and , still remaining on Ins seat , went down with the vessel , which in a few minutes sunk , bows first , almost perpendicularly , the kcelbein « lifted as she sunk twenty or thirty feet ' out if the water " Tho captain of the Duchess of Kent , it is only justice to state , was , with the exception of Hale , the last to leave his ill-fated vessel , and his escape was truly miraculous . A rope had been thrown from tho Ravensbourne over the stern of the Duchebs of Kent , and fastened , and as the last portion of the vessel reached the water he seized the rope and was hauled on board . Mr . Hale , although unable from infirmity to assist himself whilo on board the vessel , most extraordinary to relate , tho moment he reached the
water struck out and kept afloat until rescued by one of the boats lowered fronuhe Meteor . The scene of consternation which , prevailed after the Duchess of Kent had sunk , both on board the Ravensbourne and tho Meteor , can be better imagined than described . Mothers , fathers , husbands and wives , who had become separated , some being taken on board the Ravensbourne , others on board the Meteor and the Topaz , which had also arrived at the moment the Duchess of Kent went down , having missed and being unaware of the fate of each other , were to be seen running about in the most frantic manner , making inquiries as to the safety of their relatives . One lady on board the Meteor was in a most frightful condition , as she stated that she had left her two children asleep iu the
oabin , and was on deck at the moment the vessel struck , and had not seen or been able to g ! ean * any tidings of them . It is also stated that at the . moment of the collision nearly the whole of the passengers ( about seventy in number ) were on deck ; but it is bclievod there were some few in tlie toro cabin , and . as there are some still missing , it is feared they may havo gone down with the vessel , the belief being , in consequence of the immense power of the Ravensbourne , that at least twenty fetfc of the bows of the Duchess of Kent were cutaway by the crash . This belief is justified by the fact that from the moment of tho collision to the time tho Duchess of Kent entirely sunk beneath the surface of tho water was little more than eight or nine minutes . The fore cabin must have filled immediately .
As soon as the consternation created by the catastrophe had in some measure subsided , the boats of the various vessels which had arrived at tho spot were stationed in the vicinity of the sunken steamer , with a view to pick up any bodies which mi ght float out of the wreck . The Ravensbourne and the Meteor , having the rescued passengers on board , proceeded on to the Terracepier at Gravesend , where the affrighted passongers weie landed and mustered , and , j . s before stated , it is believed that some few are missing ; Hit from the confusion which still prevailed anything like accurate information could not be obtained . , Incidents of the most exciting character took place . As tne Duchess of Kent was rapidly sinking , a centleman wna
opserved rushing up one of tho paddle-boxes with a little girl in his arms . The Meteor was then approaching to render aid , and so great was hia excitement that in tlio acsire to save tho child boforo the Meteor had reached within ten or twelve yards of the sinking ship , he raised ner up with tho view of throwing her on to the Meteor but at the moment the shrieks of the passengers on board the approaching vessel restrained him , and thusthe child was s * ved from inevitable destruction . As soon as the alarm was given Captain Humphreys adopted every means to ensure the safety of the passengers Lumbering between sixty and seventy . In his efforts he was aasistud by the captain of tho ltavensboumo , and the captain ot the Meteor , a Orocdend boat , which was close by at tbeti . no the collision look place , and backed her « C oS the daDg ; r I" 60 ' ! 1116 a PParcnt' % the united efforts of the orewsof the three atoamers , and the timalv use of their boats , all the passengers . withThVllvS
oi one , were got safely on board tSe Meteor or the Raiens bourne . Captain Humphreys remaining to the it on E ? S ^ SSffiSSaaSi water and was resoued by one of the hZu ?« r « £ < ! tho The remainder of the punenmra win ? I Of th S Mltcor « Ravensbourne , and USSTSZ ^ i I Th ^^ SwSSS »« material ininVv Lj «? ' , Tb . "aversbourne reoeived no ft to £ SI y ^ i ^ r landin 6 ^ nted passengerg gian coast ! procee < ied 0 D her P ^ sage towards the lei .
you picked up BuOh a sum ! " V It ' s all L jZmfoSx came to work for you , your honour . " "But how h ™ ™ lived in the meantime V " My wife keena th « T yo ? we save what I earn . " •< And what S vS . 1 ° v » , 3 S ± » 3 ttffSS £ S Xrfo ^^^ LweSS ; rn ^ ie ? . ^ ° *' « * •** (
J jja * mh rawi 73 taK £ &TS ibo week * 17 , 06 l 68 . 6 d . Decrease ia 1853 , £ 1 , 926 te . lid .
— - ¦ , . - __ ——Mm ©Motrattc Jftobementb. , ~^~ ~~ . .
— - ¦ , . - __ ——MM © motrattc JftobementB . , ~^~ ~~
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$ & We shall be glad to receive Reports of Progress from Managers or Secretaries of Co-operative Associates and Stores , ia England , Ireland , ( Scotland and Wales . fOT The " Association Gaxette" having ceased to appear we place our columns at the disposal of our Coopf vaiile friends If open to the public press , the Conference on Z to ££ & £ L * *""** * « re / orurfrm tkl
FORTHCOMING CO-OPERATIVE CONFERENCE . mo ^™ nl , h in U 2 ! Uli 0 M ' ^ e been ad ° Pted by the promotersof the Working Men ' s Associations :-^^ isgnffi cieties' Act' for the proeress of Co owmtvf Provident So-^ tssss ^ sssis ^ " theprincipai poto vlSASSaSSS / iff ^ iveAssociations enrolling
J ^ x ^ s £ &g £ + » - *» U ShJSr . * ^« £ me « PUrp 0 W ° 8 W ° saKS ^ SSr ^ aea ^ aat suwifcasBS u ^^ S ^ ^^^ ra should be applied « . movement . newspaper as the organ of the Co-operative ^ a ^ aaMisa r&wve boaie i * pos 9 i - ^ aBste ^*^^^ *^ 35 E ^™ & $ * 3 »» *»» « the Bury
Xtint each Co-operatlre Society shall RPnflTV i ° ! namely : ~ to its number of membera , inIhe ftUn ^ Sr J ^" " - P" > P ° rtion society of above twelve and S one hu g r , ? a ^ er ^ v'z-- , For ever * bera , one delegate ; ono hundredi andtt ™ i ed t mi twelvs memfor every one Hundred nurtber ! ftZ ! ' ^ i « & }? & ** i and delegate . In consideration , howSST of tw fed ani ^^ ' T legates from some parts of the SSSSJ Iffl ttf f Wllu ? * 5 i 1 " " gate may hold any number of proxleTfor J . 3 Z * ' a deie ' delegate themselves . i * o « e » tor bodies who cannot send a . aras ? **¦ mam ^« »»** e M *> „ JiXXSSSST ^ bri " the fulles * P «« culaH asto their * 3 $ SSX ™^^^ W *<> »• «* wd by the ga An-angemeats wfuhe ^) ZTo ^^ C ^ the delehold 300 vmL ) for f& vSSSSStiSSL A 88 Oc ! ation t 0
Wmita ^ , adjourned Conference , comprising repmenlatues from the several Co-optutive Societies of Leeds , Bradford , Halifax , Pud . ey , Yeadon , WiUden , Bing-
©Oso Iwattb* Gfywviitu*
© oso iwattb * GfywviitU *
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3 1852 . THE STAR OF FREEDOM ___ 5
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CHEMESHiM .-A meeting of friends favourable to the Chartust Exeoutwo Committee elected by the whole ChartiBt party , took place at their late meeting room , at the People ' s Institute , Regent-Btreet , on Tuesday evenini ? June 22 nd , to consider the best means of supporting the legitimate head of the ChartiBt body . The following resolutions were unanimously agreed to ' . —Proposed by Messrs Adams and Hemmin : — " That we being members of the late locality of the National Charter Association , and disapproving of the present attempt at usurpation in the Demooratio rankg , feel it our bounden duty to use our every endeavour to counteract the same . We therefore reBolve to form ourselves into a locality in connexion with the real Exeoutive Committee which was elected by , and with the con-ent of , the whole Chartist body . '' Phoned hv
Messrs . liemtnm and Glover :- " That E . Sharland be anpointed secretary pro tern . " Proposed by Messrs . J . Paytqn and Sharland :- That we adjourn to Sunday mornin ? next , at eleven o ' clock , at 253 , High-street , for the purpose of enrolling members , and other business " Several new members were enrolled , and the following resolutions were unanimousl y agreed to : —Propose ! bv Messrs . Glover and J . Payton :- «• Should any member of this locality take out a card of membership of any other , he will cease to be considered a member of this locality , and his name Bbali be erased from the books forthwith " Proposed by Messrs . Adanw and Willis :- " That we recognise every newspaper advoeating the principles of Democracy , but hold the supremaoy of none . " The meeting then ad ' journed to Sunday morning next , at eleven o ' olook . —Ed . Shablmw , Seoretary . ,
Bbadmhd Elbciion . —At a meeting of tho Chartists of this town on Monday evening , the question of the propriety of bringingforward a Chartist candidate at tho approaching election was anxiously discussed , and it was unanimously readied— " That G . Julian Barney be requested to oome
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 3, 1852, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1685/page/5/
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