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-EOWNEBBTION.] /7 '. / / to JUSIICB—IKMUIABLB .CaiVEKSAL,. ETERNAL^
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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-Eownebbtion.] /7 '. / / To Jusiicb—Ikmuiablb .Caiveksal,. Eternal^
-EOWNEBBTION . ] / 7 ' . / / to JUSIICB—IKMUIABLB . CaiVEKSAL ,. ETERNAL ^
THE TRUTH TO THE PEOPLE . Gire me the liberty to know , to utter , lM- . to argue freel y accord ing to conscience , aboTe all liberties . —Uiiton . ""' "* * mm ^ mmim "What' a spectacle for gods ^ y « ien' is this General Election , not yet terrnina ! lu 7 ' but now rapidly drawing to a close . The boroughs have « pronouueed , ' and the counties are in course of doing the same . Another week and the farce will be over ; and there will be collected , ready for iegislatorial action , the most mindless , soulless , heartless crew of shams , tricksters , counterfeits , and impostors / sver got together since Pjirliaments had real existence .
The election here and there of a man of principle , and here and there of a man of talent , devoid of principle , cannot invalidate the charge of unfitnessmoral and mental—chargeable against the House a 9 a whole . Not under the Boroughmongering system not nnder the Premiershi p of Wazfole the corrupt not nnder the sovereignty of Cuaules the dissolute , could he found so base a Parliament . For in those days , amidst the general corruption and debasement , there stood out as in bold reliei ' mcn of greatmindB , dariug hearts , lofty aspirations , and unpurchaseable p atriotism . How many such will be found iutho
net ? Parliament ? "With few and rare exceptions , the constituencies have deliberatel y set aside patriotism , talent , and consistency , to bestow their suffrages upon the most contemptible of Political Eunuchs : Protectionists who eschew Protection ; Free Traders who shrink from going the length of perfect Free Trade ; Conservatives ready to sacrifice the nation to conserve their own selfish supremacy ; and Reformers , who differ in nothing essential from their rivals , and who will be aa ready as they to TGte new Coercion Bills and Gagging Bills , if by any accident the now degraded masses should arouse from their apathy and exhibit anything like earnestness in demanding
Reform . ' "Were this new Parliament the result of a Napoleonic ' appeal to the People , 'the fruit of an Election conducted under terror of bayonets , a stifled Press , and the threat of transportation to all who might dare to give an independent vote , such a result -would be less humiliating . Exercising the Franchise under such circumstances , it is of small moment whether the Suffrage ba restricted or ' universal . ' But , in this comitry , the want of the Ballot notwithstanding , the electors have no reasonable excuse for such self-abasement as they have exhibited thus far , and will exhibit to the end of this miserable farce . It is but twenty years since the ' Reform
Bill' was made law , and alread y the Representative System it inaugurated exceeds in rottenness the system it superaeded . This can be accounted for only by looking to the class character of the men whom the'Reform Bill' invested with the national sovereignty . Numerous individual exceptions admitted , the fact is not to be gainsayed that the buying-andselling , bartering-and-huxtering , ranks of society , are essentially the meanest portion of the community , and the worstfitted to be trusted with the guardianship of the State . We have progressed from bad to worse , until now we are doomed to witness the appointment of a Parliament that will exhibit the very incarnation of bourgeoise baseness .
But the Electors are not alone to blame . They would not have dared to have rejected such men as NEWxoxand CoNiNGHAii . butthattheyknew thegreat mass of the non-electors were indifferent to the issue of the struggle . I grant the active exertions of some Ecores , the enthusiasm of some hundreds , and the hands upraised of some few thousands . But these three sections combined constitute but a small minority of the non-eleetorB . The greater number raav also be divided into three sections : the 'Well Wishers to the Good Cause , '—wishing well , but quiescentwho
men leaye to others to sow and . to reap , supposing they 4 « their part if they simply , enjoy . Another section consists of the mere ' mob'of brainless , blatant blockheads , who now shout for ' the big loaf , ' as nifty years ago they would have shouted for ' Church and King . * Lastly , there is the countless array of the hdifferents , - who ' take no part in Politics , '—• who are content to work , and eat , and sleep , and die ; heedless of the requirements of Doty , caring not , though lononr or shame be their country ' s portion-Freedom or Slavery their children ' s inheritance .
In not even one place—borough , city , or countyhave the general body of fee working men , the nonelectors , performed their duty to themselves , their children , and their country , fully and fearlessly . These ase unpopular words , but they must have utterance . The people are not to be saved by flattery . Sycophants are their deadliest foes . East London lias been the St . Antoine of December , whereas it should have been the St . Antoine of July or February ; and might have been without the effusion of a drop of blood . Heaven forbid I should underrate the enthusiasm and the gallant efforts of those who did their duty . But I cannot shut my eyes to the fact , that
despite the numberless meetings of Mr . Newton ' s friends held within the Hamlets during months past , the masses were not moved , or they would not have permitted the disgrace of Clay and Butler being sent to Parliament as the elect of the borough , imposed by some few thousand eleetora upon a population numbering nearly 450 , 000 . What does it avail that Clay and Butler are hooted and execrated , unable to obtain a hearing , and compelled to deliver ¦ w hat they have to say to the reporter merely ? What does it matter that Newtos is hailed with deafening Bhonts of applause , and declared the elected of the
Hustings constituency ? The execrated enter the Legislature , the applauded finds himself at the bottom of the poll ! But the restricted Suffrage ? ' Of course , I do not forget that ; but what I must maintain is , that that restricted Suffrage exists onl y because the great mass of the people do not adequately wnx its overthrow ; also , that despite that restriction , the miserable monopo'ists of the Franchise would be compelled , even under the prewnt system , to elect root-and-branch-reformers of that system , were the people , in their multitudinous might to shownnmistalceably show—their resolution to have honest Reformers elected to the Legislature ,
But all short-comings notwithstanding , the men of the Tower Hamlets hold an honourable position compared with the country at large . Generally where the greatest interest has been taken in the election by the son-electors , they have exhibited themselves in the disgraceful character of blind partisans of men toy whom they are looked npon as viler than the vilest dross . When the other iay at the North Essex nomination the second Tory oandidate , oue of the Bebeseobd gang , a name of sinister significance in Ireland , had the astounding impudence to say to the non-electors , ' I despise you from ny heart as the vilest rabble I ever saw , ' he but spoke the
sentiment of his class in general . He was hissed and groaned , but had he met with bis deserts it is not hissing and groaning he would hare escaped with . Whether shouting for the 'big loaf or against * Majnooth , ' whether howling * No Popery , ' or * Down with the Derbyites , ' the non-electors were hat doing the dirty work of knaves who , whatever they may disagree about , cordially unite and harmoniously combine to keep them in political bondage and social slavery . What a wretehed spectacle to see a multitude of grown men shouting , swearing , cursing , cuffing , fighting , struggling under a July sun with , apparentlyall the frantic fury of demons let loose , some
, for the ' yellow , ' some for the ' blue ; ' one side for ' our Protestant Institutions , ' the other for half a bellyful of « cheap bread 1 * It is true that in some places , in the North of England particularly , the " working men—while not doing in all respects as they ought to have done—have nevertheless not degraded ftgmselTes by such brutal folly ; but the above desoription does apply to , although it but very feebly pictures , the insensate conduct of the misled multitude in a vast number of p laces . In Ireland , the contest heing fought chiefly upon religious grounds , the conflict has been all the more brutal . There terror ,
" wounds , and death testify to the holy zeal and Mind bigotry of the combatants . Yet we boast of ' progress ! ' In the name of common sense—so foull y outraged—of what interest to the poor and the unenfranchised are these faction-fights of rival churches and rival oppressors . Will the people aever learn that the rich and the privileged , whatever ^ eirparty and sectarian designations , ^ rereally of one ^ ind in politics and religion , and engaged in one corf-B piracy , in ' one unholy compact to rob the millions of * heir ri ghts and their substance in this world , and to keep them ia'terror-stricken bondage by threatening
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perdition in a world to come ? For working men to fight the battles of any of the sects or parties into which their oppressors are seemingly divided , is to be guilty of the most wretched selfabasement . One of two courses : The People should either absolutely and entirely hold aloof from such a contest as this General Election , " or talcing part therein ; they should do so only to fight their own tattle and conquer their own emancipation . By tatnng the first course they would exhibit some show o * uJgmty , some sense of self-respect . By takine the second they would do themselves honour , and gain the glory of achieved regeneration
. ine new Parliament will be that which the Elect ors have made , and the Non-Electors hare permitted them to make . And talk as we may about ' nonrepresentation / that Parliament will too faithfully represent the corruption , the ignorance , the bour-Sf i ? w ¥ \ ° f e ^ lectors ; it will alaojrepresent Ja lastbat I should have to pen it !) the inertness , boUy&eto p " e mmal anti -Patrioti - of the ««*
These are harsh words , but true . The people ' s cause has been ruined by lying and delusion , and liars and deksionists still seek to perpetuate ' the S ! 7 Si ^ y live * ' That tfte people may understand their actual present position , and thereby be prepared to welcome a worthier future , it is necessary that the Truth , unmitigated , undiluted , be thundered in their ears . B y falsehood they have been enslaved and degraded , by falsehood they have been misguided ; the Truth alone can make them Free ! L'AMI DU PEUPLE .
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FRANCE . More Calumnies—Escape ofBou Masa-Unprecedented heat-Meditated Partition of Switeerland—Bonaparte in search of " glory , " [ From our own Correspondent . ) „ ± . Paris , July 14 th . if amours continue to be industriously spread araon" the working men of an amnesty for the Republicans , to be publisned on the 15 th of the next month . It has been said that the principal of the democratic refugees are not averse to return under the dominion of Mustache . Some even went the length of saying that Louis Blanc had made overtures to Bonaparte . 1 never entertained any doubt of the falsehood of this report ; but if I had , it would have been sot at rest by the indinant denial which Loui
g s Blauc has published . It is not at all unlikely that such a sop for the workers is meditated , in order to gain their support on the approaching Napoleonic fete day . It is also behev-. d that on that day a presidential decree will be pu ' jlblied conferring titles of nobility upon those sneakin » parasites of the Elysee , Fialin , Cassabianca , Baroche , &o . Elevation to " nobility , " however , is not , in my opinion , quite the sort of elevation they merit . On Saturday night Bou-Maz * , who was detained prisoner in the cita 3 el of Ham , succeeded in effecting his escape . All that is known of the matter ia that he took the railway at llontecourt , and that he had with him a miller ' s man , who used to act aa his servant . 2 is 6 only lugeace that the fugitive * bad with them was a trunk and a carpet bag . The news of his escape was immediately transmitted to ine various authorities .
The extreme heat , which has caused the madness and death of so many of our canine population within the past week , seems to have somewhat affected the heads of many of the elderly females of the metropolis also , for they positively announce , on the authority of some astronomer , that to-morrow , without , fail , we will be blessed wi h a heat so intense , as to reach at least fifty degrees in the shade . This very gracious prophecy is completed by the pleasant announcement of the death of at least half the population of Puris and suburbs , caused by the fifty degrees aforesaid . A deplorable accident occurred on Monday at one of the public baths on the Seine . About 100 bather * were crowded together on a small wooden bridge , connecting together two parts , of the bath at the Quai d'Orleans , Ue St . Louis . The bridge gave way , and all those upon it were precipitated into the river . Six of them perished , and their bodies were taken to the Morgue . The bath has been closed by the police uutil after a government inspection of its construction shall be made .
Bonaparte continues to tempt Austria with a plan for the partition of Switzerland ; but desirious , as is that rascally power of pouncing upon that Republie , it is held back by the fear of aggrandising Louis Napoleon , who is too slippery to bo trusted , and by the thought that he is an unanoiuted thief ;' and has , therefore , no "legitimate" right to share in the robbery . It is reported that soon after the approaching ceremony of the inauguration of the Strasbourg Railway , and after a tour in the southern provinces , the President will , in perfan , take the command of a military expedition in Algeria , in order to acquire a little glory to adorn the coming Empire . I can scarce credit this rumour , when I consider the evidences of his personal cowardice that have oczed out since December . I cannot but remember too the
halfsuppressed indignation of the Republican army of Algeria , and ask , i 3 it likely the traitor will risk setting fire to the mine by his hateful presence ? It is certain , however , that ho is driven to seme such resolve by the jeers of the military chiefs , who scarce conceal their contempt at his ridiculous assumption of military honours without having been in a single engagement . If he meet not his reward in Algeria , he will ultimately obtain it ia Trance . Neither the spirit nor the faith of the Republicans is dead . A bookseller ' s clerk , named Marescot , one of the alleged confederates of Gent in the Lyons plot , ha * been condemned by the court-martial to ten years ' imprisonment . "When told by the president that ho would be allowed two hours to appeal , he cried , " Vive la Republique I that is the only appeal I shall make . "
ITALY . Papal and Austrian tyranny—Austrian atrocities in Lmlardy . ROME . —Thej&ustrians who occupy the northern provinces of the Roman States are continually degrading theuuelves by acting as executioners and torturers to the papal authorities , taking the slightest hint of ecclesiastical displeasure as an excuse for wrenking their cruelties upon an unoffending and unrosisting people . On the 20 ib of last month , some young men in Jesi put on mourniog in commemoration of aa anniversary allusive to the Italian victims of the Lombard revolution and campaign . On learning this the papal governor denounced fifty-seven persons as anarchists to the Austrian Comraander-iu-chief , whose bead-quarters are at Ancona . The Austrian-general , quite as zealous atid violent aa the papal
governor , determined to carry out his own measures of punishment without any investigation or formality whatever taking the governor ' s unattested report as fully establishing the dangerous character of the demonstration . Two companies of soldiers were marched to Jesi to carry his orders into execution . Five individuals had to undergo the degradation and suffering of a publio flogging in the street * of the town , three others were oonducted to Anoona in the humiliating position of criminals , obliged to march on foot for a distance of eighteen miles in a scorching sun , notwithstanding their protestations and offers to pay for carriages , if allowed to make use of them , and finally , the remainder of the so-called culprits were fined in various » ums , to be given in charity , which , by the bye , no ona would receive for distribution :
Edward Murray is still in confinement at Ancona , and Mr . Consul Moore is still insisting to see him alone , as there ia no written law , or even usage , to prevent him , everything depending upon the will of the authorities . Four individuals having been sentenced to death for murder at Forli , the inhabitants of the town , believing that two had been unjustly condemned , either abandoned the town or closed their shops and houses oa the 25 th ult ., the day fixed for their execution . The Apostolical delegate immediately issued a proclamation , ordering the re-opening of the shops , and the Austrian military commander gave notice that the inhabitants who did not comply with the in * iunction should be fined from three to forty ecudi . A list of
the delinquents was drawn up , and seventy-two were obliged to pay the fine . LOA 1 BARDY . —Political arrests are now going on in Lombardy to an extent which proves at once the universality of the dissatisfaction with the Austrian government , and the consciousness of the government that it is in imminent danger . There have been forty-seven arrests in Mantua and its province , others at Yerona , others at Brescia , others at JIil « n , Ac , These wholesale arrests have their rise in the following incident : —A search was made in some bouse , on suspicion that the inmates were concerned in smuggling ; One of the Mazzini loan notes was unexpectedly discovered in the houae . The holder waa induced to mention the name of the person who bad given him the note . This person was arrested : all the letters , even those of the most
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immaterial and'inofferisire ' kind , found in hia house were used as indications of new persons to be arrested , the police hoping that the very mollipUcit ' y ' and promiscuousness of the arrests would lead-accidentall y to discoveries Perhaps the most-significant-fact connected with these arrests is tho condition-in lifer Of the parsons arrested . Amon * tho forty-seven arrested , - are the heads of the elerev in their respective communes or municipalities . Professor Heurv Taasoli , a-priestiwasrarresfea-a few months ago and has beon . since then , in prison on bread and water diet , and subjected to all- kinds of torturing contrivances in the hopo of obliging him-to make revelations " fflio Mori engineer ,. Louis-OaatellftKi , avobpriest of Bo Si an& others wore arrestedattW same time . At Brescia they arrested .-Tito Speri jafc . yerbOa , Tadciolijat Milan SS Zr / p f ° ^^^ str ^ led in his prison he neuday . Pezzotti was a man of high intellectual attainmurKS . . ¦ ¦ ¦
JintW ¥ ' f' ^ 'h ^ that ik hfl 8 teea astill m ? t hls ho ¥ immediately after his arrest , was instantly cut open with a vie * to get possession of soml papera which he had swallowed at the moment of his arre ? t It is said ,. too , that the tale of his having strangled himsel ^ a mere mvention to conceal the fact that he was 55-^^^ A ^ t ^^ t ^ Z S ™ £ i rn ma ? 7 dei ll ^ ^ ? haye b *™ «» ade-&c . irgeihna , Canal , Zambelli ; Ferracin , and others Here &F % ^ S £ &T 3 £ & cSffiasJKttitt Alwrw L m ° i he sus P ' clon of mutual treachery . Altogether at Mantua the arrests hitherto known exceed one hundred ; at Venice there have heen ? n J JXtT ? Z tne
other , towns the numbers-are proportionate It is in hoiS A P ° hCe amonS tl * most iutelligent and honourable of her vppg men . Austria seems determined not to leave one thinking man free in h ? r Italian dominions p arts ontSr ^ r M ^ t 56611 ktely ^ ized ^; O diffeS Sn receiJt L fit * ° ^ e PT'nOr of Lombardy , who , a ? S fif ? then \? M dered tweIve person 910 be arrested cL ! a ££ e rnd \ S ! t n : andanumbe' 0 f others at fin *
BELGIUM . thIr « i , S th 1 T-Tlgned ' or rather b 6 cn ^ missed ; for there is in the legislature a sufficient liberal majority to Jf Iho R J ed lfc - - ? ° n the «< " «*»»•»»¦ The Srifi 2 of the . Rogw . ministry , may be looked upon as another con . cession to Bonaparte and the other despotisms of Europe .
SPAIN . Rumours of coups d ' ttat are again in circulation . It is well-known that the government have by no means abandoned the project , but only deferred it from timidity . A Ministerial journal , "El Orden , " lately concluded a ieader with these significant words : — "Tho President of the Council expects his colleagues at La Grania , and everything induces a belief that the journey to that Royal residence will be fruitful in lnoidents , whioh we will endeavour to lay before our readers as they oceur . " queen Isabella , her daughter , the Princess ofAsturias , the King , tae Infante Don Francisco de Paulo , and the entire Court , presided on the 4 th at a grand bullfight The nurse of the young Infante was seated by the Bide of the Queen . All the Ministers Were present . PORTUGAL .
The Oriental Company ' s steam-paoket Iberia , Captain C . F . Burney , arrived at Southampton on Wednesday , bringing the Peninsular Mail . Count Bobadilla came on board the packet from Lisbon , and was joined by thvee others at Oporto , who visii England to be present at the birth of Don Miguel ' s child . The Prince Royal of Portugal , on the 8 th inst ., accompanied tho Queen and King in grand state to the Cortes , where he took the oath dfallegiauce and swore to maintain the charter ; from thence proceeded to the cathedral to heara"Te Deum , " and in the evening a grand ball was given by her Majesty at the Belem Palace . General illuminations took place over tho city , and the English squadron in the Tagus saluted and decorated with colours .
UNITED STATES . OUR AMERICAN CORRESPONDENCE . Death of Henry Clay—The Extradition Case—America and Europe—Engagement between French and Americans in Mexico—Revolution in Mexico—Invasion of Eucador . ( From our oivn Correspondent . ) New York , June 30 th . I have a sad task to fulfil in informing you of the death of Henry Clay , who expired at the National Hotel , in Washington , at half-past eleven o ' clock yesterday morning . Although his death has been long expected , it seems to-day as if it had fallen suddenly and unexpectedly upon us . Yesterday , every one was animated by that subject of universal interest , the presidency ; but to-day the city seems to have lost all . the animation of political excitement , which has given place to the gloom oaused by the death of the celebrated statesman . The funeral has been fixed to take place to-morrow , but 1 have not yet heard what arrangements have been made .
In the ease of tho extradition of Thomas Kaine , an Irishman , charged with attempting to shoot a fellowcountryman before flying to this country , the United States Commissioner has . decided in favour of the extradition . The commissioner ' s decision was given at very great length . Its conclusion was as follows : — I have considered the objections taken , and not necessarr here to be recapitulated , with careful deliberation , and with an nniious at » ire , _ on the one side , to do everything required by the interests of justice , and a discharge in good faith of the sacred obligations of our treaty stipulations j and , on the other , to do nothing inconsistent with a proper regard to the Security of personal liberty . Qn the -whole I am of opinion that the papers offered in proof in the cause are properly authenticated , and , as the evidence itself in mv view , is sufficient to commit the prisoner had the offence been c m mitted Viere . I feel it my auty to certify the proceedings had before me to the Secretary of State of the United States in whom it vested the power , t > j the treaty , to issue a warrant for the extradi tion of the prisoner .
Of course this decision has produced a mighty ferment among the Irish portion of our citizens , and many of them even talk openly of violence to secure "justice" to their compatriot . I regret to add that it ia amongst the Irish portion of our fellow-citizens that are found the most decided advocates for the Fugitive Slave Bill , yet they are now ready to rush to the rescue of a man convicted of an attempt to murder ! The cowardly , sneaking , and contemptible conduct of the two great parties in the state , in the present crisis , is the more disgusting to me the longer I think of it I could have scarce believed that they would both have thrown asvde . such a glorious opportunity of placing eur oountry in her natural position aa the leader of Republican freedom throughout the world . But totally shirk the question they did , and still continue swinishly to snarl and scramble among the rotten ideas of the past . I do not believe that the following declarations by the two conventions express the opinions « f the thinking portion of my countrymen at the present day : —
DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM , Resolved , That , in view of the condition of popular institutions in the old world , a high and sacred duty 1 b devolved with increased responsibility upon the Democracy of this country , as the party of the people , to uphold aad maintain the rights of every State , and thereby the Union of tke States , and to sustain and advance among them constitutional liberty , by continuing to resist all monopolies and exclusive legislation for the benefit of the few at the expense of the many , » nd by a vigilant and constant adherence to those principles and compromises of the Constitution , tvhich are broad enough and strong enough . to embrace and uphold the Union as it is , and the Union as it should be , in the full expansion of the energies and capacity of this great and progressive people .
WHIG HUKKEB PLATFOEU . 3 . That while struggling Freedom , everywhere , enlists the ¦ warmest sympathy of the Whig parly , we still adhere to the doctrines of the father of our country , as announced in his farewell addrees , of keeping ourselves free from all entangling alliances with foreign countries , and of never quitting our own stand upon foreign ground . That our mission as a Republic is not to propagate our op in ions , or impose on other countries our form of govern , ment , by artifice or force , but to teach by example , and show by our success , moderation and justice , the blessingi of self-government and the advantages of free institutions , Kossuth's remarks on this subject to the German ? , at their lato meeting at the Tabernacle arc well worthy attention : —
Finally . I regard it as my duty to utter a few modest words as to the mission of the German citizens of America in their position as citizens . I do it , because the naturalised Germans of Newark have expressly asked me to do so . They say that , since the origin of the Union , no Presidential election has had a higher or greater si ^ nifi cance than the present . That is true . They say that the condition of Europe , the voice of the majority of the people , and particularly the interests of the United States , render it an imperative neces . sity that the course of political isolation which has formerly pre . vailed must be relinquished , and the principle of active sympathy in the international relations of Europe be established . Therein they are again right ; They say , moreover , that the platforms of the two great parties are deficient , and do not correspond to the spirit of the times-which it also true , And they tar , finally , that they
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are resolved to support those politics only , which , while ^ thcy will emancipate Europe , will lead to the enduring welfare of the United States . Now this is a view which , if I had the honour to be a native American citizen , hound by no special ties to Europe , and only anxious to determine my patriotic duty , I wouM take as my guide . Even my enemies , who ho :. p me with calumnies and stale jests , which defile them but not me , and who indulge in the most malignant perversion of my language , cannot deny that I have never spoken to the Germans in Atnei ica without saying that their first and holiest duty in America was to be Americans , and that they should take the true interests of their adopted land , without regard to their personal feelings , as tbeir . guide . I say that , to-day , virtue is the basis of Republican government , and there is no virtue which is not patriotic . But as matters , now stand , philanthropy is the only true American patriotism . Selfish isolation is either a short . lighted mistake , or an illusion and treason of the passions . It is a principle of mine never to mingle with any internal question of this
country—and 1 shall not do it . But no one can regard it as an offBBce to . sjjy that Europe is profoundly concerned in the question , as to what course in regard to the foreign policy of . the country the future administration may pursue ; for my own country and Germany and all Europe are tne objects of that policy . It is proper , therefore , to express my views on that head . And Binco my views of that question embrace the whole future of America , and it is that question which is to give the main direction to the next administration ; I say that the way which Americau patriots have to choose is clearly indicated by events . They must not be led b y party names or party affinities , but by principles . Now , one party has already pronounced itself as openly hostile to that view of forei gn policy which the German citizens of New York profess , and which I regard as the only salutary . view for AniericK . ; the other party hns passed it over in silence . There is , then , nothing dubious here ; the hostile declaration has alienated . support—but silence leaves tho matter so far fjrth still open . Should the leading organs and leader * of the victoruvus . factionof the party , which declares itself unfriendly , retract theliostile programme—then tho question of principle again recurs—winch party will declare itself favourable ? But as the matter is left by the Convention , it is clear that silence is
leBS unfavourable than declared opposition . None the less does it appear to me necessary to 1 st the silent pwty know that they cannot rest too confidently upon the logical consequences of this dilemma ; for there is a third course yet opea- » viz . that the German citizens , who agree withHue declarations made at Newark may umte with a third independent party , or refrain from votinu and thereby preveat a direct choice by the patties , and throw the election into Congress , meanwhile exercising such a constitutional influence in the choice of representatives i i Congress , that the supporters of your polioy there may stand as a solid phalanx , to control the policy of the government . I do not say that these passive tactics are desirable , but that they are possible . It is consequently the task ot those who accord with the Newark declaration , to make sure of an authentic interpretation of that silence . The test reates to the principles which the leading organs of that wing of the silent party which was negatively triumphant in the Convention will maintain . Will thO 3 e organs truly assert these princip ' es and get the support of their candidates for them or not ? Let them do that , ati ' l the problem is solved as to which side oppressed Europe must wish the victory ; but if they do not do it—thoa nothing remains but to cast the whole influence of the independent party upon the Congressional election , and so keep the balance in its hands .
I would much desire to see acted upon the valuable suggestion oontained in the above , to form an independent party , which would set aside both "Whigs and "Democrats . " The " San Francisco Herald" has a long account of an attack by a large number of Frenchmen upon a small party of Americans in Sonora , Mexico ; the excitement amongst the Americans in California was , in consequence , very considerable , and retaliations on the part of the Americans upon the Frenoh were feared . The animosity which existed towards the Chinese a few weeks ago in California , has , according to the last accounts I have received , almost entirely disappeared . Accounts from Mexico state that the Congress adjourned on the 21 st ult ., without making any arrangements for carrying on tho government of the counlry . The Chamber of Deputies received a note from the Cabinet , demanding the cnation of extraordinary powers for the Executive , which the Chamber refused . The papers of the capital aro filled with rumours of a coup d ' etat , by which despotic power would be assumed by President Avista .
The statement that the indopendenco of San Juan de Nicaragua has been a cknowledged by the British government , w contradicted by the "National Intelligencer , " which says : — If weave correctly infbi'nicd , the basis of a Convention lately agreed upon here between our Secretary of State !* nd ths -Minister of England , and sent out by commissioners for the decision of-the government of Nicaragua and Costa Rica , did not embrace the independence of the important port of San Juan ; on the contrary , we nave understood tint basis proposed to concede the city of Siin uan to the exclusive possession of Nicaragua , she pajing to the Mosquito Indians a sti pulated bum for the relinquishment of theiv tltl 6 > This counter . Btatement , however , I am inclined to think is incorrect .
Information has been received at Panama conveying the intelligence that the Peruvian steam corvette " llemao , " Gen . Derue , had arrived from Callao , at Guayaquil , and , hat after a consultation with Plores , the General returned to Callao , to make arrangements to come back again immediately with a stronger force , to assist General Flores in his present invasion . It was further stated that Gen . Flores will commence hia attack on Guayaquil as soon as the necessary assistance arrives from Peru , and from what we can learn , we shall soon havQ some very oxciting intelligence in reference to this long pending affair . The opinion is that Flores , misted by Peru , will have little difficulty in making an easy conquest of Eucador .
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I ¦ ¦ . _ ' . . " .. ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ i THE FALL OF THE , FRENCH REPUBLIC . By Xavieb Durbjeu . ( Translated expressly for the' Stab of Freedom' ) JUDAS 1 SCARIOT . —THE ARKEST . I have already said that towards nine o ' clock in the evening the last musket shot was fired in the Rue Montorgueil ; the bloody -work oS the soldiers was consummated ; the policeman had now to pursue his in proportions until then unheard of . After the massacres , the arrests en masse * On the 3 rd and 4 th Louis Bonaparte had made oi Paris a frightful ahambles ; on the 5 th and following days he converted it into an immense monse-trap .
bince the 2 nd the police-agents had four times presented themselves , for the purpose of arresting me , at the Rue Saiute-Anne . aiidat bureaux of the " Revolution . '' It was but f * V ° l ' as wUl be seen bv my recital- ! P 886 ed the ni 8 ht ot the 5 th and the whole of the 4 th in making inquiries regardios : the fate of one of my brothers , whom I dould nowhere find , and whose disappearance cawed the gTeateBt inquietude . At eight o ' clock on the evening of the 5 th I repaired to the divan Lepelletier , opoaite the opera , where I hoped to have some news of him . There I . found many of my friends , almost all Journalists , who bewailed the issue o £ events , and who , no more than myself , could conceal their
consternation . None of them had seen my brother I wa about to depart when a man , filling , I cannot doubt it now , an odious police mission , begged me to wait . He told me that Frederick Cournet desired to meet me in the Rue dea Martyrs , and that he had been instructed to conduct ma thither . I have since discovered that he did not know Frederick Cournet . He immediately went out by himself , under what pretext I no longer remember , and returned a few minutes after . He had no sooner returned than a police-commissioner , accompanied by six agents and nearly sixty Chasseurs de Vincennes , surrounded the house , and noisily , entering the ball where we were , demanded our names and qualities .
Amongst tbese agents there was one who had acted a principal part in all theBe scenes of baseness . This one interrogated the'persons present , impudently looked them in the face to recognise them , and decided according to his caprice upon their arrest . This was—but no , I will not stain my pen ; I will not writs the infamous name of that ancient democratic . jongster , the Iscariot of February , who , during ten years , while he was admitted to the intimacy of the principal Republicans , seating himself at their tables , in . stalling himself and dwelling by their hearths , and drawing upon their purses , revealed daily to the ptlice their resolutions , their acts , and even their most secret thoughts .
I had not seen him 6 ince the 24 th of February , in the bureaux of the " Reforme , " when he had proclaimed himself general secretary of police , a precaution not soon understood , but which , happily , did not serve him . Since tliattime he had made some alterations in his physiognomy ; so that at first si ght I did not recognise him . However , I soon recalled to mind his figure and his name . 1 knew him by the fixed look of crushing scorn , which Texile Delord , one of the most renowned writers of the Parisian press , fastened upon him , while the commissioner demanded if he knew anything of Delord , and by the trembling of his voice whilst he replied . He hung his head and turned pale ; h ' 13 audacity was disconcerted for a moment , but that was all . When he reached me , he designated me by my name , and his voice recovered its cynical assurance .
To finish that ignoble scene , I hasten to say that the commissioner of police arrested nine persons , among whom were Ke ler , and myself , another editor of the " Resolution , " Charles Emmanuel , an editor of tbe " Siecle , " Edouard Gorge , and Ligniere , one of my friendB , a long-tried Republican . Of these the greater part were released at the prefecture of police , and at Bicelre ; we only found three in the fortifications of Ivry , and on board the "Duguesclin . " We were conducted to the mairie of the 5 th arrondissement , ia the Faubourg Saint-Martin , by the Chasseurs de Vircsnnes . We were made to traverse the troops who bivouaced on the Boulevards . Soldiers arrived at the most brutal degree of
drunkenness , surrounded by large fires and continually drinking and singing obscene songs . As we passed , a number of them cried : — "Slab them I run them through 1 " Some of them even approached us , threatening to break through the ranks of the Chasseurs and assassinate us . We arrived at last at the Faubourg Saint-Martin . My friends and I were here thrown into our first gaol , to wait for those which w
PRISON HORRORS . The mairie of the 5 th arrondissement was guarded by a line of soldiers ; a captain conducted us , with a triumphant air , across a narrow corridor , low and damp , into a room more low and damp still . The military chiefs had ;; o lunger to command the massacres j they had now given to them another role , one which they played admirably—that ot gaolftr . Our captain had caused us to be shut up in the dark ; upon our repeated demands a sergeant took upon himself to
procure us a smoky candle , whose sinister light at last enabled us to distinguish surrounding objects The dingy walls were covered with damp , and tlie only seat was a plank a few incheB broad , upon which it was almost impossible to sit ; the brick or earthern floor had almost entirely disappeared under a liquid and fco ' . id mud . In one corner was a little straw , horribly damp and covered with blood ; it seemed to us that there had been there abandoned some poor wounded wretch on the preceding evening . It was in tlr . 3 place that we had to remain until the commissioner of police came to conduct us to the Prefecture .
My companions passed almost the entire night in walking about ankle-deep in the mud , and shivering from the intolerable cold , caused by tbe open window . For my own part , vanquished by excessive fatigue , it was impossible for me to bold out s gainst sleep . I at once laid down upon tbe narrow plank , from whence , without awaking , I immediately rolled down upon the floor , amidst the mire and blood . When I awoke in the morning I had almost lost the use of my limbs ; they were so benumbed with cold , that it required a strong dose of resolution to enable me to walk . This was tbe best possible initiation to the tortures of the fortifications and the pontons . We were , afttr that , perfectly prepared for Bicette and the " Dnguesclin . "
The police commissioner arrived about ten o ' clock in the moraing , accompanied by a turnkey , who was no other than the General Caiuobert , in a grand uniform , to heighten the eclat of his new functions . General Canrobert himself delivered us to ttve policc-agente , who gathered together att the prisoners in the neighbouring cells and placed them in cellular waggons . But his glorious intervention did not stop there . Followed by an aide-de-camp and some ordinance officers , he escorted the conveyance to tbe quais . Executioner on the Boulevard ^ Montmartre and on tbe Boulevard Poissonnare ia the evening , he was but gaoler in the morning .
We were immediately conducted to the Prefecture of police . On tbe preceding evening , and even that morning a great number of persons arrested had been , in the court of fh ' e Prefecture , the objects of the grossest insults on the part of the soldiers , whose brutality sometimes went even as far as assassination . Less cruel than their auxiliaries of the army , the police-agents conducted us , by a private staircase to the room destined for the formality of searching . Here we were searched in the coarsest possible manner , and then delivered to the guardians of the depot , from whom we obtained , in the course of the day , what , in prison language , is called a pistole .
The pistole into which I was introduced already enclosed a merchant ! clerk , of the Boulevard du Temple , uade the grave implication , as he had been told by the commissioner of not having quitted his warehouse during the 4 tb , and a wine merchant , under the charge , not less grave , of having quitted his shop during the same day . I could not but admire this ingenious logic , but it was nothing in comparison with the much more extravagant facts which I have now ta relate . The arrests continued , notwithstanding , throughout the
whole town , and in the most obscure nooks of the banlien . At six o ' clock in the evening they had already reached prodigious proportions . Mazas , the Conciergerie , Saint-Pelagie . the Roquette , the dyot of the Prefecture , which had been all converted into priisons , were soon completely encumbered . Our cells , where there hourly arrived constituents , representatives of the Legislative , magistrates , and , amongst them , an old councillor at the Court of Cassation , old officers , agents , proprietors , and Journalists , were literally filled with dttenus .
All the others wsre thrust together pell-mell , without regard for age , educational habits , or morals , into those frightful receptacles of thieves , murderers , and prostitute ? . There were confined with the most ignoble and most odious premeditation , the most honourable citizens , negotiants , workmen , lawyers , artists , and servants , all the must pure , the most faithful , and most devotad of the Democracy that had escaped the massacres of the 3 rd and 4 th , and who had been pounced upon by a second army of bandits Our private cells opened out of long narrow passages , ' in which
were heaped together a number of children arrested in the populous quarters , and particularl y recommended to the brutality of the guardians fo t their precocious crime o ! Republicanism . Above vrat the general A-pof—tbat first circle of Dante ' s hell , of which I will speak ; beneath was tha hall where had been confined tho prostitutes aid beggirs and whose cries of debauchery or digtreas often reached us . And all were submitted to the iwaereoime , to the same diet , to the Bime treatment , Hit be aot-and of this I have numerous prooh-that more regard t as shown ( or thieves and burgU . i tUa . lor Republi : ani .
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THUNDER STORMS , 11 ^ FRANCE . A letter from Marseilles of the 10 th inst states that a dreadful storm , accompanied -with thunder , lightnin ? nnd torrents of rain , fell on Wednesday last on the town of Aurioland tbe neighbourhood ; An unfortunate peasant who was Bitting in his kitohen smoukinghis pipe , near his wife , who was roeking her infant in a cradle , was killed bv the lightning ; the woman and , child were not hurt . At the country-house of Notre Dame , belonging to M . de Remusat two children and their grandmother were severely wounded ' A letter from Montauban of the 9 th states that the torrents of ram which fell on the 7 th inst . caused considerable injury in tho canton of Lauzevte . The wheat which was cut in the fertile valley of the'Baignelonne was all swep t away by the overflowing of the > river . The poor farmers , who had already Buffered severely from the hailstorms , are in a state of destitution . The communes of Denfort , Montagudet . Miramontjand St . Naza ! re have likewise suffered severe 1 . ¦ ; A letter from Nyons , in the Dr " o ' me , of the 10 th inst . says that tho commune of St . Maurice and Vinsobres had been ravaged on the afternoon of the 7 th . inst . by a terrifio hail-Btorm . The hailstones , which it 19 said were as large as walnuts , had completely destroyed the wheat and stripped the vines of their leaves . I ' A letter from Bergerao of the iOih inst . adds , that such heavy rains as followed the storni of tho 7 th inst . had not been Been within the memory of man . Three houses were demolished in the village of Monleydier and the materials carried into the Dordogne . AooountsTro ' m Auch , in the Gers , state that a fresh disaster had befallen that department , already cruelly punished in the coureo of the preient year . A water-spout fell on the canton of Nogaro wrtbe 8 fch , and oauBed immonso damage in the communes of Manoiet , Sorbets , Saint Martin , and others . The raiatye&iif torrents during two hours and a half . The plains w » r 0 oovered on the followine day to the depth of two feet with water which could not fiqd a passage . At Saint Fjeur likewise the damage is immense , Fortunately no lives were loBt . A letter from Rennes states , that on Wednesday week , a terrifio storm burBt en Chateaugiron . Three young men took shelter under a chesnut tree from the rain , but they had scarcely placed themselves there when one of them was Btruck dead . The other two were so severely wounded that no hopes aro entertained of saving their hvea .
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FoBBioN Watches , Glovbs , and EwmoiDBRT .-It is shown by Parliamentary returns that the declared valve of all the foreign watches imported into the United Kingdom ^ qIr ^ - " . 611 ^ * tl" 5 th of June , 1852 ; waB £ 63 , 356 , against £ 48 , 018 worth imported in tho corresponding period of 1851 . The quantity of gloves imported in the first five months of the present year waB 1 , 354 , 189 pairs , againBt 1 , 645 , 499 in the corresponding period of last year . In embroidery and needlework there seems to have been a tailing off m the course of the present year as compared with 1850 and 1851 . The total ^ quantity imported in the firetJive months of 1852 was of the value of £ 40 , 870 , against £ 64 , 100 m 1851 , and £ 86 . 259 ia 1850 ,
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JNDIA . THE BURMESE WAR . THE OVERLAND MAIL . Our dates from'Bombay . ' are to the 5 th of June ; from Calcutta to the 3 rd of June , and from Rangoon to the 26 th of May . ¦ ,- - ¦ JBessein had been takep by assault by General Godwin , with the loss of three men killed , and seven officers and twenty-four men wounded ; The general had left a garrison in Besgein , and returned toRangoon . —Notbing was known sb to the- intentions of the King of Ava , nor of future operations . The troops were- in good health . The monsoon had set in , and commerce had consequently ceased for the season . Sir Colin Campbell had met with some hard fighting , and was not expected to return to Peshawur for some time . r
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them with VOL . I ! NO If UIIISON SATITBIUY lilF-V \ 1 I 0 KO PRICB FOUBPEKOB-11 AI . FPKNNY , "' *'" ' " liUflUUfl , ¦ OAlUttUAI ,,, JUill If , ISM . op Jfour Slrilling * &Tcnpcuccper Qwavter .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 17, 1852, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1687/page/1/
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