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SCIENCE AND ART.
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GARDENING CALENDAR. ^
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WORKING TAILORS' ASSOCIATION, 68, WESTMINSTER BRIDGE ROAD, LAMBETH.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Kitchen GARDES .-Potatoes on wet soils should be taken up wherever the haulm is decayed , to prevent the sound ones from rotting Wlww XI tops show any appearance of vitality the crop may remain for a time to stilt the chance of becoming better ripened . Store the sound part of The croK small quantities m sheds , lofts , &c , to dry , before attempting to pit Sn for probably many will still turn diseased . In our neighbourhoodTthev &lz all but a complete failure . If not sown , as advised last week , lose noSo S getting m the spring Cauliflower , Lettuce , &c . A bed of % « £ nay like wise be sown thickly , to stand the winter . A crop of dwarf French Be ™ cTimtirl ho eivnm nnrloT . a crv .-4 T . ,,.,. 11 r 0 . 1 .- ^ 1 L * - *• icUWl lieailS should be sown under south wallfor the chance of " * £ ?
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. , , TRUSTEES . Lord Goderich , | A . A . Vansittart , Esq As working men organized for the management and execution oC ovw own business , we appeal with great confidence to our fellow-working men for their hearty support . We ask that support in the plain words of plain men , without the usual shopkeeping tricks and falsehoods . We do so because wo know that we offer an opportunity for the exercise of a sound economy , but we make our appeal more particularly because we believe that every honest artisan in supporting us will feel that he is performing a duty to the men of his class , which to overlook or neglect would be a treason and a disgrace . We ask foi-the support of working-men in the full assurance that no better value can be given for money than that which we offer—and we desire success through that support , not solely that we may rescue ourselves from the wretchedness and slavery of the slop system , but more particularly that our fellow-workers of all trades , encouraged by our example , may through the profitable results of self-management , place themselves and their children beyond the reach of poverty or crime . Relying on the good faith of the people , we wait patiently the result of this appeal . Walter Cooper , Manager . * list op prices , £ s . d . £ s . d . Black Dress Coat - - - . 150 to 250 Ditto Frock Coat 1 7 6 „ 2 10 0 Paletots 1 4 0 " 2 2 0 Oxonians 0 18 0 „ 1 15 0 Pla d Doe Shooting Coats - - - 0 18 0 „ 1 10 0 Strong Pilot , prime quality , from - 13 0 Mill'd Tweed—a serviceable article - 0 12 0 „ 0 18 0 Overcoats 110 ,, 200 VESTS . Black Cloth , double-breasted - - 0 76 ,, 0120 Ditto single-breasted - - -0 66 ,, 0 10 6 Doeskins 056 ,, 090 Black Satins 0 8 6 „ 0 14 0 Fancy Silks—rich patterns- - - 0 66 ,, 0220 Black Cloth or Doe Trousers - - -0 116 ,, l 10 Doeskin , Fancy—lined throughout - 0 9 0 „ 0 18 3 BOYS . Boys'French Suits 050 ,, 220 Tunic Suits 1 0 0 „ 1 15 0 Shooting Coats 0 12 0 „ 1 0 0 Black Tests 050 ,, 080 Black Trousers 0 8 0 „ 0 14 0 Fancy Trousers 0 7 0 ,, 0 12 0 Tweed Coats—well lined - - -0 80 ,, 0 15 0 ! Cord or Mole Jackets—double sewn - 0 7 0 „ 0 10 6 Vests 040 ,, 060 Trousers—Double Genoa - - - 066 0 10 6 ; Mole Shooting Coats - ... " 0 16 0 Boys'Jackets 050 ,, 076 i Vests 026 ,, 046 Trousers - -- - - . 0 4 6 ,, 066 : HATS AND CAPS IN ENDLEsTvAPJETY , AND AT PRICES ; UNPRECEDENTED . ; V The HatB aw Manufactured by the Working Hatters of Manchester
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MATRIMONIAL ALLIANCE ASSOCIATION . Legally Established 1 S 49 . H str t Ce ° t ffi Snr ; , in ' l' T ^ S Inu Field Chambers , and 2 , Portsmouth-^ ^^ sjissr ^^ offices ' Liverp ° ' Manchester Confidential Reefvce-R . Warwick , Esq . MATRIMONIAL ALLIANCE ASSOCIATION iegaliy e ' s'SiSL ^ nS 16111 / 0 T * sMy adoPted On the Conth'ent to each otifer Sfn , i a < hum ' ° / tlle introd ™ ti ™< rf both sexes unknowu relv on strict hononvLff ' " ° ^ tcrin& into matrimony , and who may ^ S ^ z ^ ts ^ A ^ sxr * partics uesotiaJ Hugo Beresfokd , Esq ., Secretary ¦ MStt . S SM ™* Chraibcrs - - * ¦ p " ™ ° * a « icriuKS l . s ,,. Continent Md *«« * - **
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GWD& 3 SI ! © OIjB ! WilPJ "RATIONAL GIFT EMIGRATION - *¦¦ ^ SOCIETY . TO AUSTRALIA , OR ANY OTHER PART OF THE WORLD . ' Many can help one , where one cannot help many . ' Office , 13 , Tottenham-court ( thirteen doovs from Tottenham-conrt-road ) New-road , St . Pancras , London . " The late gold discoveries in Australia , and the great want of labour ex penenccdiu both the agricultural and commercial districts consequent on that fact , calling loudly for an extension of the means of emigration , it is thrifts f a nmnl ) er of workin £ meu should associate together , and , by ONE SHILLING EACH , A certain number should be enabled without expense to themselves to receive a FREE PASSAGE to AUSTRALIA , AMERICA , NEW ZEALAND , or any other part of the World , at the option of the receiver , who will be allowed to expend £ 26 , without deduction , for the purpose of Emigration Uuttit , &c . ' r The Society will be divided into Sections , and , immediately on the completion of a Section ot 1 , 200 at Is . each , a Free Passage , to be decided bv a lubhc Ballot at some public place of meeting , shall be given to a certain number ot members , the holders of the numbers declared gifts to be entitled to a Free Passage as above stated . TRANSFERABLE AT THE OPTION OF THE RECEIVER . The whole of the money received will be expended in procuring passages at tho current charge , outfit , &c , with the exception of a deduction on tha gross amonnt received , for the payment of expenses of Management , Advcrtisin ^ j &c . The books will be open for general inspection at the weekly meetings every Monday evening till ten o ' clock at MR . COLLEN'S , 'WHITE HORSE TAVERN , ' 100 HIGH HOLBORN . ' All communications , enclosing fourteen postage stamps for Return Ticket to be addressed to Mr . Ruffy , at the Office , 13 , Tottenham-court , New-road ot , rancras , London . Money Orders to be made payable at Tottenham-court-road . FEMALES AND CHILDREN ARE ELIGIBLE . On the completion of each Section the Ballot will be advertised in Reynolds' Weekly Newspaper , '' Star of Freedom , '' The Times , ' or' Morning Advertiser , ' one week previous . N . B . —The names and residences of the parties who obtain the Gift will be given on application at the Office . A deduction allowed to Agents in Town and Country .
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THE STAR OF FREEDOM ! Published every Saturday , Terms ( Cash in advance ) : — Per Year , 19 s . 4 a . ; Half Year , 9 s . 8 d . ; Quarter , 4 s . 10 d . ; Single Copies , 4 £ d . As an Advertising medium the Star of Freedom affords a sure and wide-spread channel of publicity among all classes . Scale of Charges for Advertisements . 8 ix Lines , As . \ Ten Lines , 6 s . r ,. . 1 Insertion . 2 Insertions . 4 Insertions . 13 Insertions f ifteen Lines £ 0 7 s . 6 d . - - £ 0 14 s . -- £ 1 5 s . -- £ 3 10 * . Twenty ditto 0 10 0 - - 0 16 - - 1 10 - - 4 0 Thirty ditto 0 12 0 - - 1 0 - - 1 15 - - 4 10 Quarter of a Column 100 -- 1 10 --2 10 --5 5 Whole Column 3 15 0 -- 30--50 --10 0 Half a Column 300 -- 50--7 10 --15 0 Each Advertiser supplied with a copy of the Paper containing his Advertisement , ( The First Edition of the Star of Freedom is Published on Friday at Three o ' clock , and is immediately circulated extensively throughout the Country . The Second Edition , containing all the latest information , is Published at Two o ' clock on Saturday . OFFICE , 183 , FLEET STREET ,
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GiGastic Telescope at Wahdswokth Cosmos . —There is it Tmwut u , course of construction on Wandsworth Common , asingSl ooffitStaS consistingof a plain tower mth a long tube slung by its side surfoiS ^ ill awooddenboarding to keep off intruders . Thif l ^ C'SSS ^ monster telescope on the achromatic principle in process of construct on ^ imder the superintendence of Mr . W . ( Watt , F . R . S , for the Rev S Craig vicar of Leamington . The site , conning of tCacJes , Ll ' heen liberally presented by Larl Spencer , in perpetuity , or so long as the telescope shall be maintained . The central tower , consisting of brick , is 64 fSt in hejglit , lo feet in diameter , and weighs 220 tons . Every precaution h 2 } leen taken in the construction of this building to prevent the slSest vibration , but , if any disappointment . in this respeetshould arise ( whidihowevS Mr . Gravatt does not anticipate ) , additional weight can be obtained bylJS ' ingtiieseveralfloor ^ and themostperfect steadmess will be thus ensured By the side of this sustaining tower hangs the telescope . The length of the m ™^^}* ± & L «} ™ ¥ like » . ! sav , is 76 feet , but with an at the d d
eye nece narrow en ana dewcap at the other , the total length i use mil be Sa feet TheResign of the dewcap is to prevent obscuration by the condensation oi moisture , which takes place during the night when the instrument is most in use . Its exterior is of bright metal the interior is painted black . The focal distance will vary from 76 to 85 feet The tube at its greatest circumference measures 13 feet , and this part ' is about 24 feet from the object-glass . The determination of this point was the result of repeated experiments , and minute and careful calculations . It was essential to the object m view that there should not be the slightest vibration in the instrument . Mr . Gravatt , reasoning from analogy , applied the principle of harmonic progression to the perfecting of an instrument for extending the range of vision , and thus aiding astronomic research . By his improvements the vibration at one end of the tube is neutralised by that at the other and the result is that the utmost steadiness and precision is attained . The ironwork of lie tube was manufactured by Messrs . Rennie , under the direction of Mr . Gravatt , The object-glasses are also of English manufacture . The manner in which these object-glasses are fitted into the tube is a marvpl of
artistic invention . By means of 12 screws , numbered according to the hours of the day , they can be set in an instant to any angle the observer may require , by Ms merely calling out the number of the screw to be touched . The object-glasses also move round in grooves to wherever it may be considered that a more distinct view can be gained . The tube rests upon a light wooden framework , with iron wheels attached , and is fitted to a circular iron railway at a distance of 52 feet from the centre of the tower . The chain by which it is lowered is capable of sustaining a weight of 13 tons , though the weight of the tube is only three . Notwithstanding the immense size of the instrument , the machinery is such that it can move either in azimuth , or up to an altitude of 80 degrees , -with as much , ease and rapidity as an ordinary telescope , and , from the nature of the mechanical arrangements , with far greater certainty as to results . The slightest force applied to the wheel on the iron rail causes the instrument to move horizontally round the central tower , while a wheel at the right hand of the observer , by a beautiful adaptation of mechanical powers , enables him to elevate or depress the object-glass with
the greatest precision and facility . So easy , in fact , is the control over the instrument in this respect , that a very slight tonch on the wheel lifts 10 cwt . It may be obsesved also , that there cannot be the slightest flexure in the tube ; no error or deflexion arising from that cause can occur , while the ease with which it can be directed towards any point of the heavens will enable the observer to make profitable use of any patch of clear sky however transient it may be . The great value of this need not be pointed out to those accustomed ' to making a stronomical observations . With respect to the magnifying power of this novel instrument , it is only necessary to state that though the focus is not so perfect as it will be shortly , it has already separated the nebulae in the same way as Lord Rosse's . It has also separated some of the double stars of the Great Bear , and shown distinctly a clear distance of frfty or sixty degrees between them , with several other stars occupying the intervening space . Ordinary readers will better understand the extraordinary magnifying power of the telescope Avhen we inform them that by it a quarter-inch letter can be read at the distance of half-a-mile .
Scientific Balloon Ascent . —In a letter to the Athenamm , Mr . "Welsh gives the following account of the recent scientific balloon ascent : —The weather on Tuesday , the day fixed for tho first ascent , was as good as could be hoped for in the midst of so much variety as we have lately had . The inflation of Mr . Green ' s great Nassau balloon having been accomplished , from the Tauxhall Gasworks , the ascent took place about ten minutes before four p . m ., with wonderfully few instrumental casualties , considering the great oscillation of the ear previous to starting , from the action of the wind on the balloon . We rose steadily , and continued rising until about thirteen minutes before five p . m . ; when the barometer indicated that we were about 19 , 500 feet above the earth : the temperature , which was about 72 ' . at Vauxhall , having fallen to 7 , or through 65 of Fahrenheit's scale . From the earth , the sky seemed about three-quarters covered with clouds . The first
stratum of clouds we passed very soon after leaving the earth , at the height of about half a mile : the second seemed about two and a half miles high : out the highest cirrostratus clouds were still above us at our greatest elevation , although apparantly not very far . Near the highest point of our course , small star-shaped crystals of snow of perhaps one-twenty-fifth or onethirtieth of an inch in length were seen falling ( possibly their appearance was due to the rise of the balloon ) . Observations of the thermometer , hygrometer , and barometer were taken at very short intervals during the ascent , and during the first portion of the descent , until it became necessary to provide for the safety of the instruments . Specimens of the air at different elevations were taken for analysis . The descent Avas accomplished with much ease , at about twenty-five minutes past five pjn .: and the balloon was secured , with little trouble , near the village of Swavesey , in Cambridgeshire , in about
about sixty miles north of London . This distance was passed over an hour and a half : showing that an immense mass of air was moving very rapidly from the south . At the elevation to which we attained no personal inconvenience of any moment was experienced * , I only perceived a slight oppression about the ears and temples , but no difficulty in breathing . Mr . Kicklin perceived , besides , a very slight difficulty in breathing before reaching the greatest height , but the feeling went quickly off , even before we fcegan to descend . So slight was any inconvenience which we experienced from the rarity of the air , that it did not in the least interfere with our regular work of observing and recording . The cold would , of course , have become disagreeable had we continued long in it . This first voyage should he considered chiefly as a preliminary and educational one . The results obtained from this first attempt are doubtless of much value ; but we arem hopes that by some alterations in our mode of procedure a greater amount of instruction may 3 e derived from subsequent voyages . "
The Elkctkic Time-Ball in the Strand . —After the satisfactory completion of the requisite arrangements which had been for some time pending hetween the Electric Telegrap h Company and the Astronomer Royal at Greenwich , Mr . Edwin Clark , the company's engineer , had intrusted to him the construction of the ingenious apparatus for the development of the electric telegraph system , as applied to the regulation of time on a plan for distributing and correcting mean Greenwich time in London and at all the principal ports throughout the united kingdom every day at one o'clock . The ball that has recently been raised on a pole upon the dome of the Electric Telegraph Company ' s west-end station , No . 448 , Strand , opposite Hungerford-market ( similar to the ball which surmounts the Royal Observatory at Greenwich ) , which is a remarkable object of attraction to all persons It is about
passing to and from the west-end to the city , is now completed . C feet high and 1 G feet in circumference , made of zinc , and painted of a bright red colour , so that it may be the more clearly discerned at a distance , and fan with ease accommodate three persons in the interior . It has a broad white belt round it , thus having the appearance of a " great globe . " and at the extremitv of the shaft is a cross , or bright gilded weather-vane , with tlve four points , N S E . W , and below the arms of the Electric Telegraph Company , with their initials , " E . T . C . " All difficulties have been overcome , and " the experiments have been made with the most complete success , the hall or globe dropping by the electric action simultaneously with the one at the top of the Royal Observatory precisely at 1 o ' clock p . m both balls being , ia fact liberated by the same hand , it will communicate the standard time ot ! ; i : ; ;
Science And Art.
SCIENCE AND ART .
Gardening Calendar. ^
GARDENING CALENDAR . ^
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Sit e of Si i f ??" ' the ^ ferent linos of railway > t 0 a 11 the principal » i , Tlted k'n ° dom and Scotland ° »» the same principle , as arrangethoi ! If Y * f v ° raakeit ° " ° * e most complete improvements of Wrft « i l > Ti 7- ^ XQS ^ ^ o time for regulating chronometers on of Sim " , ' M c » ef public clocks of the metropolis and from one end oi the country to the other . An electric dial is now being comnleted in the 5 * H W thc office ^ stra , nd which s » SS 82 and S& ? T » ^ l ^ V ? I forUl tke houv > Mantes , &c , bSth day omn ? buSes caS £ * great conveniehce > especially to the mSSS « r ^ - ? writte " ' we learn that the ai ™ ngements fortrans-Eastem SSlwaT * ^^ ^ " ^ " * practic { U ° P ' atio 11 on the South beelTnK ? ™ fu Veget - \ . KiNGDOM .-The name of vegetable wool lias ScppS f nb J , mate , ml which the ingenuity of M . Pannewitz has ri \ l w J m extra ^ inS from leaves ot the fir . A manufactory of this mato-^ S ^^ - ^ i ^ K ^ JSL ^ Breslau ' in Silesia > ' m a district TsthfJ } o l mn ? of Mnmboldt . " The species of pine there operated upon thJ fi ?»! * P >™ tm , or wild pine ; but it would seem that every member of lets an i nir ' ?® might , * " ™ d to similar account . Coverlets , blanfflrt ? v- avtlcle ? made of vegetable wool have tang been employed in tPrini * or 16 nna e ? l i >" ' in some of ^ ch aritable institutions . The maexcellpn nlT ? mble ' a"d aSreeable t 0 * e eye ; moreover they enjoy the wSlvovf y 0 ^ 1 " 68 ^ 1 " ? ^^^ balsamic and rather agreeable smell , wmen nevertheless is so inimical to insects that they never harbour in it plteSTmf KESKf c »? 3- ™ e Earl of Burlington has acceded to anapwSn ? M ! i L " ! , i S tiqiiarieS . ; Permissi ™ to excavate within the and th S ? , ? f * i Ff ' VenSe J ' c in Sussex ~ the Anderidaof the Romans , the Firet Poet-king of Scotland , the earlier and the better James W « c ? T ETST ^ P > uace .-Mv . Owen Jones and Mr . Digby Wyatt have set out on an artistic tour through France , Italy , and Gennanv for the 1 WTSrS ^ 1 ? t 0 be ^ ePresentcd by ancie nt and modern specimens in the xNew Crystal Palace under the directions of the gentlemen in question .
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STATISTICS OF THE WEEK .
BIRTHS AND DEATHS IN THE METROPOLIS . roSlf ^^ 113 of 850 boys and 789 girls , in all , 1639 children , were legisteied in London . The average number in seven corresponding weeks of the years 1845-51 was 1306 . The health of London is still depressed by the prevailing epidemic , and 1 , 084 deaths have been registered in the tmrdweek of August . In the coeresponding week 2 , 456 of the inhabitants mett tliree years ago ; while in other years thc deaths ranged from 842 to 1 , 05 , , and were after correcting for increase of population , 1013 on an average . Two hundred and eight deaths were referred to diarrhea , and 18 to cholera 581 males and 503 females ,-606 children under the a ^ e of 15 316 men and women under , and 162 above , the age of 60-died in London in the week from till causes , out of about 2 , 420 , 000 living . This mortality is much below that experienced in the other large cities of the world ; but the untimely age at death , as well as a comparison with other places in England , snows that m this city there is still a great waste of life , health , and energy which may be saved b y draining London , and by other hygienic arrangements . While cholera is in Warsaw , those measures should be carried out winch experience has shown cannot be attempted when the epidemic is in London . Insolvency . —A return to the House of Lords just printed states that the number of cases heard before the commissioners of insolvency on circuit in ?^ I ^ 3832 , ; in 1 S 42 ' 2955 5 in lm > 2533 "» in 184 * 1 1715 ; in 1845 , 598 ; in 1846 , 650 ; and m 1 S 47 , 566 . Public Baths axd Washhouses . —The return for the quarter ending Midsummer , 1852 , shows that there were 214 , 369 bathers and 44 , 502 washers at the six Establishments in London during the quarter , the receipts being ± 3 o 09 3 s . lid ., being an increase of £ 1443 7 s . lOd . over the preceding quarter of this year . Suxtences of Deatii . —According to a legal journal of Berlin , the sentences of death in proportion to the population have , during the last five years been as one to 250 , 000 in England ; one to 200 , 000 in Ireland ; one to 200 000 22 , , £ , varia 5 one to 72 , 000 in Sweden ; one to 70 , 000 in Prussia ; and one to 120 , 000 m Spain . The United States Army . —The army of the United States at present numbers 10 , 120 ; commissioned officers , 896 , non-commissioned officers and privates , 9 , 233 . The number of buglers employed is 60 , and the number of musicians , 25 S . The head-quarters of the army are in Washington . The number of commissioned officers in the militia is 74 , 962 ; and of non-commissioned officers , musicians , ami privates , 2 , 105 , 524 , making a total of 2 , 180 , 486 fighting men . European Rages in the United States . —Proportions of the different races forming the population of the United States in 1850 : — Anglo-Saxons 11 , 000 , 000 Lowland Scotch 700000 Scotch and Anglo-Saxon Irish 1 , 500000 Celtic Irish 2 , 000 , 000 Welch goo . 000 German 2 , 000 , 000 *> utch 800 , 000 Irench ( including Huguenots ) 1 , 000 , 000 Banes and Norwegians 100000 Swedes 100 ^ 000 Swiss ( 50000 Spaniards , Italians , Jews , &c lOOJOOO Total whites ... 19 , 650 , 000 Africans , slaves , and free 3-600 , 000 Total 23 , 250 , 000
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Aogust 28 , 1852 _____ ^ STAR ^ FEEEDOM . 47
Working Tailors' Association, 68, Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth.
WORKING TAILORS' ASSOCIATION , 68 , WESTMINSTER BRIDGE ROAD , LAMBETH .
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®« 9 the BEilHoaas ! CAPIT ALISTS MAY , BY COMBINATI ON ^ r &j £ * i X ^ s ^^ i ^ x wJ K &i sxs&r * " eray »«>* « s ° / rst The following is the list of articles-Hall Lamp , 10 s . 6 d . ; Umbrella f taul , 4 s . 6 d . - - if 1 ' Bronzed Dining-room Fender and fctttudmls - - - 5 « Set of polished Steel Fire-irons - ... o « Brass Toast-stand , Is . 6 d . ; Fire Guards , Is . 6 d . - -30 Bronzee and polished Steel Scvoll Fender - c « Polished Steel Fiii ! -iron 3 , bright pan - - - k a Ornamented Japanned Scuttle and Seoop - - . 4 g Best Bed-room Fender , and polished Steel Fire-irons - 7 0 1 wo Bed-room 1 enders , and two sets Fire-irons - - 7 k bet of four Block-tin Dish Covers - - - u ,. Bread Greater , Gd . ; Tin Candlestick , 9 d . - - 1 q Tea Kettle , 2 s . 6 d . ; Gridiron , 3 s . - - . . o ,. Frying Pan , Is .- , Meat Chopyev , Is . 6 d . - - . " o « ^ IX ls . ; Colander , is . ; Dust Pan , 6 d , . . . l ' ish Kettle , 4 s . ; Fish Slice , ( id . - - ' . . { I Hour Box , 8 d . ; Pepper Box , 4 d . - ... " ? J Three Tinned Iron Saucepans .... i a Oval Boiling Pot , 3 s . 8 d . ; Set of Skewers , 4 d .- - " -40 ToStS - - '^^^^^ ---86 ? |» = ^^» £ S ^« - Note , therefore , the address—BENETFINK and COMPANY , 89 and 90 , Cheapside , and 1 , Ironmonger-lane-^ SSSSine ' nf' ^ *"' ° ^ — -lay and taste-
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 28, 1852, page 15, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1693/page/15/
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