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SCIENCE AND ART. ^^ ^
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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reie , and in the « oeiety of malefactors . Naturally there is an universal feeling of indignation at such an outrage . A . letter has been addressed to the British Government by Mr . Cowan , 3 I . P . for Edinburgh , on tho part of himself and many - of his constituents , praying for the good offices of the Government in putting an end to so gross an act of persecution ; and though the Government has replied that they are prevented from directly interfering , by the circumstance f hnt the Madiais are not British subjects , this reply is accompained by an expression of sympathy with their cose , and a desire to do what can be done for th em
The Protestant Alliance has likewise taken up the matter , and proposes to send a deputntiou to remonstrate with the Tuscan Grand Duke ; and a letter ha » just been rent to Lord Shaftesbury , as President of the Alliance , by the Evangelical Alliance of Gene ? a , signifying their pleasure at this proposal , and their wish that deputies from various sections of Continental Protestantism should join those of tfat Britiih Alliance , so as to make the deputation to the Duke as nearly as poslible a representation of the united Protestantism of Europe . ~ 1 "' , ' .
All this is excellent , and we hope it will have effect . But here again ; WejWpuid suggest what we have often had occasion to suggest before , that this mere occoiional display of sympathy in connection with specially flagrant cases of persecution will be of little avail , as long as the system of Italy ; is wrong at hearty and the root of the evil remains . Let Italy be made a free nation j let her spontaneous ffbrts to make herself such be cheered on , and assisted . That is the true form Of
foreign sympathy with Italy ; that is the way to put an end to such 1 outrages as those on the Madiais . Supposing that the exertions of the Alliance procure the liberation of the Madiaifl , as we hope they will , what then ? That will only be an individual case of actual and declared Protestantism saved from torture ; and the thousands of possible cases of Protestantism or otter developments of free thoughts that would start up in Italy , were the country free , will still remain tiflotl in their birth by the action of the tfestiitic system of smaller torture , through the whole body of Society . By all means ' let individual cases have full
Attention ; but let it bs remembered that there can be no full cure but in the reform of the system , and the deliverance of Italy as a nation . All pmons agreeing with the objects of this Society can become Members by paying an Annual Subscription of half-n-crown or upwards .
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Subscription for European Freedom . The following ieiter from Mazzini to the Secretary of the " Shilling Subscri p tion Fund , " has just been published by the "' committee . ' " Dear Sir—I thank you for your kind communication concerning ihe » hilHng subscription in aid of European frcedomfand I hope you will forward my thank * to the gentlemen of the committee . The first noble appeal from oar friends , named at the beginning of your circular , though partially responded to , has still met , on the whole , with less enthusiasm than they had a light to anticipate . Let us hope , for England ' s . sake aa well as ours , that the renewed effort will conquer that more complete success which the scheme deserves .
• ' To help , whenever possible , political prisoners out of their dungeons to provide additional strength for the first decisive movement of the impending unavoidable struggle between the oppressed nations and their oppressors— to enable the proscribed , now scattered on distant foreign lands , to muster , once the signal given .. by their own country , around : the flag—and , more than all , to number the men of England who believe in the final triumph of right against brutal force—to refute at once , by a mi ghty show of hand * , the opinion gaining more ground every day in Europe since the formation of the JVlalmsbury cabinet , that England has joined the league
of the abso . utist powers—to raise a powerlul manifestation for liberty of conscience against the l \» pe—for free political life against the Emperor and his associates—to protest b y a pledge of general alliance betwen the free , against the forthcoming empire—to record the sympathies of Englaud for the wronged nations—such is the meaning of the fund for European freedom which yun advocaie . Is their a single liber . aLmindeJ Englishman who can , without « nning towards his own conscience , refuse his shilling to it ? Is there u single editor of a liberal paper who can , without a flagrant inconsistency , refuse to open his columns to your circulars—his office to your Rubucribers ?
" What you need is publicity ; to reach the humble cottager , the working man , the inha ^ tant of the village , the women of the people ; and to say to thrm , the beautiful earth « f God is defaced by tyranny ; the sacred truth « f God is denied b y pope « , emperors , and prince-presidents—lies reign b y terror ; bayonets and grape-shot supply , throughout two-thirds of Europe , the place of argument and education ; thousands of your fellow-men are wandering away from home and famil y blessings ; thousands are dying of ilow dungeon fever , ' for having asserted their rights as free , rational , renponsible creatures ; will you join us in the name of God and liberty , and protest , by a viable palpable « ign ; by an act , against such a foul , immoral , irrational utate « f things ? The arnwer is not doubtful for me . I trust the straightforward , consihtent , unsophisticated good sense and feeling of
the majority of your fellow-citizens . Peace-preacher ? may , sing idyls on European life groping its way between the scaffold and the prison ; cold , short-sighted economists may contrive to apply the «• laissez faire , laisstz pas * er" to usurpation , injustice , and crime ; but there lies something in the t ! e » th of your nation ' s heart that neither peace-preachers nor economists can quench—a noble feeling of manly resistance to godlera tyranny a quick stirring sympathy £ . r all those who struggle , suffer , and are going to conquer or die—a recollection of times , Cromwell ' s or Milton ' s times , in which England wa « valiantl y protecting the cause of liberty of conscience from home to the poor inhabitants of thePiedmonteae valleys . Let your appeals find their way through , not the hw sectarian circles , but the million ; the millions will yield a worthy response ; they will help us to hail the inkstand at the head of the devil . " This liberty tax will succeed . « September 30 , 1852 . . ^ urs faithfully , " JOSKPH fllAMlNIi "
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TissBCRY Manhood Suffrage { latb Chartist ) Association . A meeting of the Members of this Association took place on Sunday Oct . 10 , at the Fhwlmry Institute , Clerkenwell , Mr . P . Johnson in tho chair , -Mr . ( Bough ' s motion for the formation of a National Party wastaken into consideration , and on tho motion of Mr . Hukly , it was agreed that a special meeting of the Friends of DBiaocwcy , . be ilcld in the Finsbury Institute , on Sunday nest , Oct . 17 , to wMch ,, T . Fussel ! , T . Hunt , C . F . Nicolls , B . Le Blond , 0 . Juliaa Harney , 0 . W . M . Reynolds , G . j . Holyoake , S . M . Kydd , R . Hart , T . Shorter , T . Cooper , P . W . Perfitt , 11 . Cooper , E . Stalled , W . Benbow , W . Conningham , W . Newton , 21 . Cameron , W . Cooper , and G . Beaumont , be invited . Wilh a view to receive their ttigertions on the . last means of carrying out the above oh cct . ¦ - , , . The Secretaiy stated that the Defence Circular , will-be ready fur the adoption of the meeting next Suudur . ' r
On the motion of Mr . Morrison , it was agreed tliat this Association " be no longer allied llie " Finsbury Charter Association , ' but ,. l )> , f . h bo called the " FiMbury Manhood Suffrage Association , " and that from thenceforth all COl ^ neetioD between this Association uud the " National Carter Association" should cease . A collection was made on behalf of the funds which was liberally responded to . BlUDFOltS SSCULAK , LBCTUJiES . _ October 11 th , Mr . Brown lectured in the Hall of Freedom , Shipley , on the life of Samuel Thompson , the founder of the modem system of medical Botany . The asdience was attentive , and fcestoired considerable nmAww ut the close a *
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the long lecture . Last Sunday , in Bradford , Mr . Brown delivered the first discourse on the Paganism » f Christianity . On Monday night he gave a second reply to the question—what is Coffinism ? He spoke for about two hours , and was repeatedly interrupted by bursts of applause . Two persons attempted to reply , but signally failed . The proceedings did not terminate till about eleven o ' clock .
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Death of a Democrat . On ; Monday morning last , awfully sudden , to the inexpressible grief of his family and friends , died Mr . Jeremiah Yates , of tho Temperance Hotel , Crown Bank , Hanley , Staffordshire Potteries , in the 42 nd year of his age , leaving a wife and three children unprovided for . Mr . Yates waR for many years a firm and consistent advocate of the Rights of Man , ever at his post , in 6 eason and out of season , mild and conciliating in . his language , y 6 t nerer yielding his principles * Hi * kindness and charity were proverbial , and he never withheld his mite from ( ho indigent stranger , or the poverty stricken workman in his own localily . It i s the intention of the friends of the deceased , to adopt means to continue the bereaved widow in her present residence , and that the house shall be eoiiducted for her benefit , the same m during the lifetime of her lamented husband .
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Strike of Weavers—Bradford . —On Wednesday evening last . i public meeting of the weavers who are now on strike , and , the inhabitants of this place , was held in the Odd Fellows ' ' . Hall , Mr . John Hartley in the chair , Ayho briefly stated the , b'i&ih&s of the ineejinp , and introduced Mr . Robinson , of Wilsd ' eri ' , Vhb , in an animated and puhy address , pointed out some of the most glaring
ia . sehoods just set afoot by Mr . John Turner , their employer . He also most ably exposed the fallacy of the identity of interest between the employer and the employed , and showed by , incontrovertible argument that the woi king classes , instead of being ( as they ought to be ) many times better off by the introduction of machinery , area great deal worse than they were in the days of yore . The hall was crowded to suffocation , arid the speaker was hailed with rounds of applause ..
Ship Tavern , High-street , Great Garden street , Whitechapel . —On Tuesday evening , October 12 , the friends of John Shaw held a preliminary meeting as a committee for the purpose of getting up a theatrical benefit . Having transacted some business relative to the same , it was resolved to meet again on Tuesday evening next to fix the night ' s entertainment , and the house where such shall take place . The committee respectfully request the aid and co-operation of all friends to the undertaking , and desire a full attendance . James Russell ; Chairman . Geo . Smith , Hon . Secretary .
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" ¦¦ F LUNKfcYisM in t iiAKCE . -Fiunkeyism has been rampant ¦ through - out the Presidential progress ; but ' we think Bordeaux has furnished the most glaring instance of it . For we read in the Conslitutionnel that- * ' Delegates have come to Paris expressly for the purpose of procuring the most exact information a to tho livery worn by the servants of the President ; the authorities of Bordeaux bciii" anxious that those who wait n ^ dn the Prince during his visit to that place should wear the same dross as his attendants at the Elv « ee " Well after all , it was but natural that the "authorities" ' should feel a iiitie « Hiixious " about the livery , seeing it was for their own wearing they wanted it . tor we doubt not they were the first to " wait upon' the Prince . And indeed the mere fact of the delegation proved them tnorough " flunkeys . "—Punch
" Cultivation ov i obacco , 1852 . "—This was , perhaps , the moat truly wgiiifacant of al the mottos Unit awaited him , for it is not improbable that all will yet end in wnoko . -PW *
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THE NEW CRYSTAL PALACE AT SYd Everything about the works of the new Cryst , I p ^ ' ^ the most sustained activity , although , as yet , to th ^! ^ it , are not many obvious signs uf progress . Theh ^^ d /* the Anerly Station has become quite populous a CUUti ^ ul ^ o ^ f ' ' town disgorges a troop of business-looking men at ^ ^ k and plans , and all wending vigorously towards tlJ ^ ^ C operations . The vitality about to be confprr ^ ^ c « ii tr «!
tranquil and secluded region is evidenced b y tile tflis ^ % S ome villas springing up iu every direction , and the Cb ^ of C which are already becoming visible along the Une of ry ° % jp building ground in the neighbourhood has risen to do hi ^ ' A H value , so that there need not be any doubt as to thefT f ° ri ^ of the erection of { he Crystal Palace upon the su en ^ . ' ' % bourhood . . . On the grounds themselves nil i 3 bustf ^ * % Mr . Schuster ' s pretty coppice has disappeared hPf . ^ ^ U"IO 1 'G tnn
. 1 1 1 « . V 1 c 1 . « .. the rabbits which formed its numerous population h- -, axe > H gone to offer themselves as a contribution to the nai ' ^ " ^ partment . Everywhere about may be seen the si ^ vde massive girders of the building in Hyde-park , booiuoT pillais ' mi more than their original elegance of arrangement in ii Cstor t < lio Already some of them raise thuir heads in the air «« p v P a ' » ct ammiral , " indicating by their position the bays of \\> , f S 0 : iKl tail Considerable delay and difficulty have occurred in ' , i llrc 'diffo cuusiuerauit : ueiay aim uuuuuuy nave occurred in il ' . Ul tl ^ l ! i
, work , in consequence of the watery nature of ihe So - ] 1 ) Hrt ot i manent character of the foundation required . Each ' n ' . ' ^ •' pct ' solid brickwork surmounting a deep bed of concrete a ' Selij be as firmly secured iu its place as the Nelson Column i Will tlni ! ment . Gangs of men may be seen hauling the , y \!\ tllL > Mo ! l »' to their several stations , and the "Yo heave hu" 1 ! " . ^ 1 >' operation is accompanied makes one almost fancy htiis ^ r ' ' '' From the spot upon which all this is tukina , ; i ace . ? 8 ln PWn | prospect , which even the mists of an October day ^ "" ^ may be seen to the best advantage . " The green e ^' * ° 1 ) Scilrc descends undulating into Kent , is positively lovdv 'T " ' as ' ' tints with which the trees are now covered civinc a ' 11 1 ? tllni t 111 beauty to the landscape . In the park the activity of 7 h is as perceptible as in the building . Broad walks and ' ? lkniW
have already been laid out , and circular emb ; nik ., L ( * , * have already been laid out , and circular embank'iienfa v thrown up for the great fountains , which are to form « o LTr * feature in the decorations . In various situations nnv b terious-looking mounds , like fairy raths , which we ' imJim ? - * simplicity formed part of the plan , but were inform ed W ° " mere accumulations of soil undergoing some scientific ml ^ decomposition , preparatory to' their being spread out In flower-beds . The boring in the wood is being v g ? 0 s l ^ f with . Water has been found at a depth of 250 fee b I Tt able further depth will be necessar y to enwre a ^ bun , 12 ' Before leaving this branch of the subject , we may nt preparations are being made ior a novel and interestm * Z . " arboriculture . The presiding genius of the place . Sir Joseih V proposes with characteristic boldness to remove some iWim which interfere with the building arrangements , bodily from 1
present positions , and set them down quietly to grow a ° ain iu m more convenient situation . By some new process , ofVhich lie himself the inventor , they will be taken up « all standing" vitf . il soil m which they grow , and carried , on vast machines , to anotli part of the grounds , ihe operation will be attempted in about iortmght , and will certainly be not the least iutercstin * fe . uure tho undertaking . Simultaneousl y with all this activity in buildii and
gardening , the various scientific caterers for the interior Mini Uons are busy m their respective departments . The natural liisto specimens are m a very forward state , under the active supeti tendence oi Mr . William . Thomsun , jun ., and will be stuffed in buildiug to be erected on the grounds , by those artists , BiinMi a foreign , who obtained such iciat in the ' Exhibition of 1851 T Wurtemberg collection is hardly forgotten by the publicand t
, artist -who created it will probably be called into requisition in I present ^ case , together with those British artists who got up I I * Dodo ' collection , and the beautiful preparations of birch . It m be held , however , in mind , that the projectors of the new Crys 1 alace have a higher aim in view than producing mere amuseim for the eye by grotesque arrangement . While everything is to made clear and simple to the humblest capacity , there will
nothing to oftend the scientific eye , or ! o damage ihe instruct character which is the pervading principle of the whole . Latham and his assistants are busy in the ethnological departnu and negotiations are in progress with Mr . Catlin and other collect ) Out ol doors , the new railway is far advanced , and in additio well-digested line is projected from Battersea-park to Claplu common , and so on to Norwood , the shares of which are stated to
already at a premium , and which , while giving accessibility to West-und visitors , will doubtless absorb a huge amount of in mediate traffic , and thus materiall y serve the populous suburban tucts through which it is intended to pass . Looking at all tl u ^ i t > 0 US s W t ( mii 5 « f progress , there is little doubt but Ihe People ' s Palace at Sydenham " will be duly inaugurated cording to promise , on the first of Mav , 1853 .
vcr ^ HA 1 G rE lf . scope . —This giant refractor , lately crectei Wandsworth-common , of two feet aperture and eighty feet f length , has been brought to bear upon the planet Saturn on the iavourable evening after its erection . The instant result has I to set the question at rest for ever amongst astronomers as to satellite having a third ring . The Craig telescope at Wands * has brought out this third ring beautifully . It is of a bright s colour , and one of the Fellows of the Royal Society is preparir
regular drawing , made to a scale , of the planet Saturn , exhibi w Wh ltS ringS > as now al abIy defined through the noble teles © We are unable to state the powers brought to bear upon the p li when the rings were discovered . We believe , however , aa night itself was only of a moderate kind for astronomical observal powers of about 500 merely were used . The appearance of moon in crossing the meridian at midnight—this telescope ha
a power oi about ] , 000 looking upon it-is an object of aurpas beauty . The Craig telescope , however , like that of the Earl Hoi giant reflector , can only do work so as to bring to light Its mai loiis powers in weather that affords a calm as well as a clear ai sphere . A friend states that when the atmosphere is disturbed , telescope shows it rising and surging like the waves of the sea , hence no high powers can be ussed to look at the licuvens tlu' <
such , a medium , excepting when it is still and at rest . Oil occasions the wonders of the heavenly bodies are exhibited 03 ' eighty-feet refractor in a wav the eye ' of man has never hcretc been permitted to see them . ' Transmission of Motive Power . — W . Fontaineinoreaii South-street , Fiiisbury , has patented a plan lor the transoms ; power 111 lieu of cog-wheels smd pinions , straps and bands . * cilccted by means of an angular < rooved wheel , wilh aaollicr » ing therein of a wedge form , and , by the grip lo bo ol ? taiuco » description of machinery may be set in motion .
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156 TIE STAH OF EREEDOM . ^ ob , / . _ . . _ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ fcB ^^ . »^ ^^^^^^ . ^ fc ^ . A
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i ^ " The Secretaries Trades' Unions , and , other bodies associated to protect and advance the interests of Labour , will obli ge by forwarding t , tlie reports of Trades' Meetings , Strikes , and other information affecting the social position oHhe Working Classes . , -.
STRIKE OF WEAVERS AT MIDDLETON . Sir ,--You will much oblige a number of your friends in Middleton by inserting the following letter in your valuable journal , the Star of Freedom ;—A Few Facts which the Public ought to Know . — For the last thirteen weeks the small-wave weavers at Messrs . Jackson and Uoyle ' s mill , Middleton , Lancashire , have been on strike , in consequence of one of the men—a base and unprincipled tool of the mas'era—refusing to obey iho laws of the Weaver ' s Union . The small-ware weavers have for some years had a union amongst
themselves , which is based on principles similar to the People ' s Charternamely , universal suffrage , &c . By a consent of the majority of the members , they pay a weekly contribution for the purpose of preventing a reduction in their wages , as well as to support themselves against all kinds of . . unjust abatements . They have also a list of prices of their work , which all the masters have agreed to pay ; and by the aid of their union they have been able to resist the encroachments of unprincipled masters as well as the jealousies of unscrupulous workmen . The present strike originated through one of the men refusing to pay his contribution when legall y due . A
deputation appointed for the purpose waited upon him , and spoke to him kindly , telling him the consequence of his refusing would be that they would be obliged to see the employer , and see what could be done with him . Subsequently , while having an interview with the employer , and while they were stating the case to him , this unprincipled man made his appearance , and told the employer , if he would go hand in hand with him , he would guarantee ' to till his mill with men at a reduced price . The employer consented to this proposition , and the result is that a number of poor hand-loom silk-weavers have gone to work in this mill .- These
men attempt to justify iheir conduct upon the principle of selfinterest , though some of them profess to be reformers . If they were to apply that golden rule , to their conduct of doing to others as they wish others to do to them , they would never attempt to destroy a union which hns for its object the protection of labour . But , Sir , all honour is dup to the small wave weavers of Derby , ¦ Congletou , Manchester , aud other places , as well as some of the working men of Middleton " and the , neighbouring towns , for the very liberal manner in . which- they have supported the men on strike . The base and unprincipled tool , who appears to delight in mischief , placarded the town of Middleton staling that he would
deliver a lecture on Monday , Oct . 4—subject , •• Trades Unions . " To Ihe surprise of the people of Middleton , when the time arrived ior this tool of the masters to appear he disappointed them . The committee of ihe small ware weavers from Manchester , having come five miles after-working hard all day for the purpose of defending their union , were disappointed to find the lecture was given up- The small ware weavers then engaged the Temperance Mall and exposed this enemy of his fellow men . The hall was crowded to excess , and resolutions of sympathy with the weavers and censuring their late traitorous associate , were unanimously adopted . The meeting has produced a very good effect on the public mind . Yours respectfully , A Middleton Chartist .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 16, 1852, page 12, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1700/page/12/
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