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A SPLEIDID PORTBAIT
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TO READERS & CORHE3P0NDEITT^.
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* Shwgpmal ^atltatjwnt. o - ¦ — -
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THElQlSmg^lfc
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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RICHAED OAST tER , Esq . ^ RO ^ VI A STEEL ENGRAV ING , " Will be presented to every Yorkshire Purchaser , of theNOSTHEBNr $ ' ? A& of the 31 st March , and to those of Scotland , Lancashire , and Newcastle , of the 7 th April ; He is the Father of the Poor , the Defender of the Oppressed , and the Dread of the Tyrant .
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* . I HOUSE OF LORDS , THUBSDAT , Iabch 8 ; Xai STANHOPB pramted a ^ titioji ^ from S ^ iaOM , ^ n » TO « 1 t * nm * &tf 6 > l protectaoaTinder the Ten Hours ' Fa ^ S Bafl ; « l « o spedlioa from » parish i » the West Hiaing «| VjSfeksre , W 3 yM for * Repeal of t * U 5 Poa ** " - . T ^ , ijoni STANHOPEgave » obce that he Tronld , on Thorsaav ¦ next , submit aiattfaan to their Lordships on a subject which hgiaiiBJa ^ ttt before the Honse last session of Parliament—BjBfcftjvjie ^ operadon of the 2 » ew Poor Lair . It might he ^ c uute n ^ t fcr him to -gfate to their Lordships , not only the - iwifri jmrport ' of ha motion , tat the precise terras of it Sejiboua . thea more Car " A statement of the petitions pre sented to Parikmait drang the last session , cm the subject of -the New Po # r Law BIO , specifying the number * , and the description of persons from whom they proceeded—whether Tsie-p » yen , £ uardi * &s , or others , and whether agreed to at pnMif » meetings or not" He should think it his duty to prefetce his mooo * with some observations , and he therefore
now moved that their Lordships he summoned lor that daj . Lord . WYSFORD iaqnied whether her Majesty ' s Ministera hafltjJtenjmy steps to obtain for the destitute soldiers of the -Spanish' Legioa the justice ~« hich was doe to them ? Viseomit MELBOURNE saia , that herMsjeatr ' n Gorern-Taeat had made incessant applications to the Spanish Government to obtain for those men ihat ni due to them , warding to their engagement . But' they all knew the difficulty Tmder which that Gorenunent laboured . They -jpere in an extraordinary arrear . Their whole military operations were mppfed for want of pav- It was , therefore , so -wtader that some delay had taken place in the settiiment of these daimx . But he could assure the Noble-and Learned Ijctrd that so exertion shonld be -wanted on the part of her Majesty ' s GoTemment to procnre a final settlement . of these -claims- - - -
The Msrornis of LAXSDOWXEthen , in a reryahort speech , a « short as the hill itself , moved the order of the day for the second reading of the Parliamentary Electors and Freemen ' s 3511 ; one object of the bin was , he stated , to extend the time for die payment of those rates and taxes to the 11 th day of October m exch year . The other object of the bill was to to'Temove the stamp iaty payable by freemen on their admission . The Dnie of WELLINGTON opposed fine motion . He vs * convinced that the measure could he productive of no good , that its adoption would only encourage further demands ltsr * other changes in the existing law , aiid therefore T > egged leare to . move , as an amendment , that the hill be read a second time that day six months . After a short ¦ urassion , the House divided , and the numbers
-were—Xot-Co&te&t ........ Present 6 " Proxies ? 0—147 Content ............ Present ... 45 Proxies , 37—82 Majority against the Bin ............ 65 MONDAY , March = 12 . Various Noble Lords presented many petitions on different snbjeets- ¦• "' . ' After which , t 3 » BISHOP OF EXETER presented a peritkm , from the New Poor Law Guardians of ihe Dudley Union . The- events oat t . f which the petition aros * were these : —Some time ago , a dietary table was agreed to for the Dudley Unien , jrhieh , from the £ rst , gave gnat dissatisfac ti » n to manv of the petitioners , they being perfectly aware that , from tne nature of the employment around Dnilley , it tras imposdble that those who-were temporarily compelled to report to the workhonse , in conse < jn > nce of a cassation ofem-¦ pierrmmt . would be able to Tesmae their severe labour after
taring been dieted according to the proposed table . -They feh , indeed , that the diet prescribed by the commissioners was not suffiripnt adequately to snstain human beings . It happened that , a short time afterwards , the guardians became acquainted with the dietary of the City of London Union ; and they found that dietary so much more considerable than the dietary prescribed for the Dudley Lniin ,. that they , without - hesitation , adopted it . They annonneed their resolution to the commissioners , who , in consequence , checked and rebuked them far luring adopted that diet table without having com * nnrakated with ' thrm , in the first instance , before they took such a step ; telling them , at the same time , that the London table had only ' been allowed for a short period , and under parxkular drcumstaiiees . The guardians , however , still persisted in arihirrng to the alteration , declaring that they would eniesrow to secure to the p _ oor a more fitting Set than that proposed bv the commissioners . Being aware , from their
local knowledge , that , the diet table sanctioned by the commisKinnerg did" not afford a proper EnpjKsrt for the ' inmatfci of their workhouse , they persevered in giving to th air paupers the diet allowed in the City of London Union . In answer , the commissioners told them that the master and matr&n of the ¦ workhouse had no right to act in disobedience of their positive orders , even though they had the sanction of the bourd of guardians , and that , if thev persisted , such measures would he adopted as would show them , that even though the master and'matron pleaded the orders of the guardians , it would not protect them , and thev shonld be made to answer for their disobedience . Under th 2 se circumstances , the guardians of the Jhidley Union prayed their Lordships to make such an alteration in the law as would enable them to do what they thought their duty io God and their duty to man required , ia givin g to the inmates of their workhonse a wholesome and sufficient dietair- Thev sav— '' Tour petitioner * , therefore .
< tvp sinter themserresxmpeBjfcvely called upon , in discharge of their dntv to those of whose interests thev are the lawfully appointed guardians , to petiiaon your right honourable House ; ana they do implore your right honourable House to make xuch altl-rzUMi in the present law as may enable thf"la to folffl the trust which is reposed in them in a way satisfactory to their consciences , and , agreeable to the dictates of religion and humanity ; and so to -abrogate or abridge the extraordinary powers v * sted in the Poor Law Commissioners as to cive to the du&rent hoards of gnardiaBs throughout the iingdom who , living amongst the people , are unqnestionabl v the best judges of their _ wants , liberty to provide for the poor if their respective districts in such mam » r a » thev may cona&ar . in their discretion , to be fit and proper . "' This petition { contained the Kieht Rev . Prelate ) was signed by twentyeigct guardians . The names of the three ex ~ nijiclj jmardians ¦ were appended to it ; hut the -names of two , appointed bv the
• commissioners , did not appear . The Earl of RADNOR denounced the prayer of the petitioneis as whoBv and entirelv groundless . Lords BltOCGHiM and MeLBOCHXE , and the Duke of BJCHMOXD , endeavoured to set / up a general defence for the Poor Law Act . indepenuent of the merits of the petition . Bad i ? TAXHO ? E replied most ably and enectively , declaring the Guardians to be so Guardians , but mere tools in the hands of the Commisdrciers . In repiy to what had fallen from the Xoble Duke , he observed that ne had not attended the meetmgs of Guardians . Heaven forbid that he should . ' He "would not , by bis presence . Tecogniza the illegal andnnconstituoonal power of the Poor Law Commissioners . He would lie no party to their proceedings . ( Hear . ) M to what the Noble Dake had said with regard to complaints , he begged to inform him Qxzt one of the most respecwble and-humane Guardians of that union in which he ( Earl Stanhope ) resided ¦
was so dHgnsted with the conduct of the other guardians , and -jrith the crcelry tnd inhumanity of the law , that he refused any longer to act . ( Hear . ) He would , on a future occasion , fcniish the Noble Duke and the House with more fects , but hs would just mention the case of a family who , from the refusal of any relief in addition to the scanty earning of a Jzbour ing man , -were now perishing by disease , produced , us ax . eminent physician well known to the Noble Lord had assured him , "bveold and hunger . Such facts must speak trumpet-tonguea to the pecrplfiorthis country . ( Hear . ) With ¦ respect to what the Noble Puke had said aiout his being in ¦ correspondence with persons who were calling on the people io resist the Poor Law Amendment Act , he would sav that ne had the happiness and iionour to 1 * in frequent and almost tbiily communication with a great number of peraons-who ¦ were engaged zealously- and patriotically in resisting ot -opposine , but bv leeal and constitutional means , that most
fhahntiral statute ; hut he Oenied ..: md he believed it could not have taken place without coming to b&& knowledge , that anv ijand-biDs had been carried about calling on the people , or any portion of the people , of this country , to a violent and forcible resistance io tin ? Il . vt . ( Hear , hear . ) No man felt , or -could feel , a greater detestation of that law than he did , iut ie had often solemnly conjured the people of this coontrv , in letters , in pnblicatfcns , kS in speeches , to persevere as long as they could in a legal and constitutional mode of proceeding to procure tie alteration of fitis illegal and unconstitutional measure- fHear . ) The Bishop of EXETER wished now to make { a few observations , and said he would strictly confine them t » what had fallen from the Noble EarJ who had thought fit to say , irhatiisbelievpdiio other person in that House -would sayihat-the complaint on the part of the petitioners was ground-Jess . They stat ed that the diet table which thev had nut
aside for the adoption of the London table -was not sufficient for the dne sustenance of the verv laborious persons for whom it was intended . He would call to the recollection of their Lordabip 3 ona point , that those persons , who were exposed ' the heat of forges , and who underwent labour and fatigue of neeesaty much greater than any endured b y agricultural labourers , were to "be allowed by that diet table for half the week ljlb . of bread , less than a ouarter of a pound of cheese , and one pint and a half of gruel per day . Would die Noble Bsr i , or ; -ny feunan being , say in the fe ' ce of that statement , that flin ^ e honourable men , " the Guardians of " the Dudley Union , had made a groundless and frivolous conittaint , Because they thought that such a dietary was unequal " to tiie proper sustenance of the poor committed to their chara ^ ? What 1 tras that the scale of living to be laid dorm for tli-- . ^ persons , Tmtt were they then to he told by the Noble Earl , who ¦ wa * reveliinz in wealth , who enioved ereat riches- n-nd -, « - >¦ .., of of
-was posr ^ ssed one those most noble fortunes which h ^ d -4 esceiiSi > d from vhe of th ? == c ! - ; nt aristocnicy of Eii ^ iaiidtrere fh ? y to be told by such a man , forsooth ., tliat tias was a ^ o undless complaint ? ( Hear , hear . ) Were they to be told that labouring men who were accustomed to earn their bread ~ b j the sweat of their brow , ia more tWry the ordinary sens' * working and toiling &s they did , before heat issuing &om iron -ferx » e 3 B , ata 8 k wlnt 5 iiione of their Lordshqs , noteren the strongest of them , would he able to endure for a single hour , ¦< raght only to have such a sustenance given to them as would ^ neither support them » hen in health , nor preserve their health TimSi . the season of employment returned , and that to complain that no better sustenance was afforded to them was a groundless complaint ? Was it to be said that leas than a quarter of a pound of cheese per day was sufficient to ke « p WP the strength of labouring men such as lie had described ? The petition had been put into his hands because he waa
latner pecuharLy connected -with the district whence the petition came , having the honour to be a tnostee of the greatest property in that neighbourhood , on which the greatest number of-workmen were employed ; and he was proud to lave th * confidence of the petitioners , who had called upon inn to bring Sub eomplamt forward . ( Hear . ) The labour of -the coal miners was not greater thai + >>?» performed by the people Bpoken of in that petition . Any KobfeLord who . wag scfuamtRd with Durham ; must know that nothing could ¦ edible ( he men to go through their labour in the coalmines , except the very eenwonsdfctTipon which they lived , feeding as they did , ana-were obliged to do , upon the very best meat and food that the markets eouia procure . ( Hear ) The petition wukud on U £ iable . On the xrotkai of the Dnke otRICHMOND , the "Watermen's Act BID wag read a £ hird , time and passed ; and their Lordships adjourned at a ^ qnarter to seven o ' clock .
TUESDAY , Mabch 13 . After a long talk ahont Yeomanry Cavalry , the Negro Slavery Abolition Amendment Bill was read a second time , and ordered to be committed os . Thursday , till which day their iorasins sdjomned . "
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HOUSE OF COMMONS . THURSDAY , March 8 . J « o busiiEss of = 3 y priblic interest . The House adjourned twenty mmutes before six . ¦ HUDAy . MABCH a ' Mi . E . TEXNAXT and Mr . DUNEAR took the oaths and their seats for the borough of Belfast . - ELECTION COMMITTEES . Mr . HCME asiedifth ^ would > any objection to pub-Mungi&e names of the Llembers on diflaonTS Election Committees ^ fHfsr , hear . ) He thought , i £ the same Tale was olwyedon EJectionCommittees as in ; other committees , aB - ^ "ZSF ^¦ a * xQ ** L * y ^^ S how memW roted , it womabe attended with good effects .
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The SPEAKER said , if the question wa « a » ked of him , he was bound to say that he should not feel authorized in making any such regulation is the Hon . Member suggested . He must decline to interfere withont the sanction of the flonse . | . »¦' . ' - Mr . HUMB then jfave notice that he would triig the subject under the consideration of the House on Tuesday next . A great number of petitions -were presented on various subjects . " ¦ "• . In answer to * question from Mr . C . Lushington , Sr W . ilOLESWORTH said , he certainly had publicly KhvteA . that the A-ustralian Eoiicnrtiou Comuanv had « ant
out to that colony women of had character ; and , from the information he . was in possession of , he did not feel called upon to retract the charge . - ' In answer to a question from Sir R . Inglis , S 3 r G . GREY said , it was the intention of Government , in a few days , to lay before the House additional paper * relating to the affaire of Canada . ¦¦ " -. ¦ ' After a short discussion , the Copyhold Enfranchisement " BiQ , the Copyhold Improvenient Bill , and the Manorial Boundaries Bui , were severally read a second time , and ordered to he referred to seleetcommittees . - .
. _ . . Lord J . RUSSELL moved , that the House , at itensing , do adjourn Ti"t ^ Monday next . —Agreed to .
3 IONDAY , Mabch 12 . Jfr . HUME moved—" That the appointment of the Hon . Mr . Primrose to the office of Cashier and Receiver-General of the Post-office Revenues in Scotland , being a person not previously employed in the Post-office department , ia contrary to the reeulafions of the Post-office , as established by the Duke of Richmond , the Postmaster-General , in 1831 , injurious to the public service , and prejudkaal to the interests of the eatahlished clerk * and -officers in the Post-offic « department . On a division , the numbers w . ere—For the motion ...................... 29 Againstit 202 _ Majority against the motion . ——^ -173
Colonel SIBTHORPE'S motion for a reduction of the Fire Insurance Duty was lost , \> j a majority of 75 . The House went into a Committee of Supply , and _ Lord HO WICK brought the Army Estimates under the consideration of the House , and ce&crnded a long speech of detail , by moving for the raising of 89 , 305 men . Mr . HI 7 ME met the motion by a counter speech of detail , and moved , that 10 , 000 men be taken off the vote . On a division there appeared—For-the amendment 11 Againstit 121 ¦ ' 110
- - - . - Majority ... - The resolution was then agreed to , && were also resolutions for thefolhwiaggTaiits : — - jf 3 , 252 , 692 for " the charge of her Majesty ' s land forces for servics at home and abroad ( exclusive of India ) , from the 1 st of April , 183 S , to the 31 * t of March , 1839 . jtl 51 , 884 for the general staff-officer * and officers of the hospitals serving with her Majesty * forces at home and abroad ( exclusive of India ) , and of her Majesty's Garrison of the Tower of London , from the 1 st of April , 1838 , to the 31 sttif March , 1 S 39 . ^ " 57 , 000 for allowances to the principal officers of several public departments , from the 1 st of Apnl , 1838 , to the 31 st of March , 1839 . j £ 15 , 803 for the Royal Military Asylum and the Hibernian Military School , from the 1 st of April , 1838 , to the 31 st of March , lSS 9 . - .... " . .... . " ¦"
^ 15 , 9 S 1 for rewards for distinguished militarv service , from the 1 st of April , 1 S 3 S , to the 31 « t of March , 1 S 39 . ^ 303 , 000 for the pay of general t > ffi «* w in her Majesty ' s forces , not being colonels of regiments , from the 1 st of April , 183 S , to the 31 st of March , 1839 . ^ 60 , 000 for full pay for reduced and retired officers of her Majesty ' s forces , from the 1 st of AprD , 1 S 38 , to the 31 st of March , 1 S 39 . ^ 529 , 000 for the half-pay and mflttary allowances to reduced and retired officers of her Majesty's forces , from the 1 st of April , 1 S 3 S , to the 31 st of March , 1839 . . £ 69 , 500 for half-pay and reduced allowances to officers of disbanded foreign corps , of ^ pensions to wounded foreign officers , and of allowances to the widows and children of deceased foTeizn officers , from the 1 st of April , lS 3 i > , to the 31 st of March , 1839 . J"li 8 J > 60 for pensions to be paid to widows and officers of the land forces , from the 1 st of April , 1 S 38 , to the 31 st of
March , 1 S 39 . . ^ 139 , PO 0 for allowances on the compassionate list , 4 c , from the 1 st of Ap ril . 1 « JS , to the 31 st of March , 1839 . ^ " 1 ^ 10 , 474 for Chelsea and Kflmainham Hospitals , 4 c , from the 1 st of April , 1 S 3 S , to the olst of March , 1839 . . £ 44 , 000 for aUovrances , compensations , and emoluments , in the nature of superannuation , or retired allowances , to persons formerly 'belonging to several public departnienU , from the 1 st of April , 1838 , to the 31 st of March , 1 S 39 . . £ 10 , 000 upon account of the maintenance , clothing , and other expenses of the provis ' wnal force which has been maintained at the Cupe of Good Hope for the temporary service of her Majesty , from the 1 st of April , lc 3 S , to the 31 st of March , 1 & 3 § . The CHAIRMAN then reported progress , and obtained l ^ ave to git again on Wednesday . The Hs use aJjourned at 3 quarter to twelre o'clock .
TUESDAY , March 13 . A variety of petitions were presented . Commit fees were appointed on tie Carlow and Walsill Election Petitions . Then came a long talk about the affairs of Spain , in which the merit 3 of th _ - " Legion" ivere discussed , right violently , bv sundry Gallant Officers . " Mr . WOOLFS ( . itcorney-General for Ireland ) obtained leave to bring in a Bill to amend the mode Registering Votes in Ireland . Mr . Sereeant JACKSON moved , pursuant to the notice which he Sad given , for copies of all correspondence which h ^ 3 taken place between the Irish government and the governors or officers of the Belfast Lnustic Asylum , respecting the case of Robert Breakev , sent to that asylum , by order of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland , from the gaol of the county of
Down , in April , 1836 ; t ogether . with copits of all resolutions of the said governors , touching that case , transmitted to the Irish Government . His reason for making the motion was , that a practice had obtained in Ireland , which was warranted by no law , fur the executive jjovernment to interfere with other lunatics than those over which powers were eiven to them by the Act 2 and 3 Geo . IV ., c . 33 . The individual in question had been ordered into a lunatic asylum ; he wus not actually insane at the time when he waa admitted , and , although" ibis fact waa represented by the medical officers of the usylum to the executive government , vet months passed over without any rej » 2 y being ( riven . At last an order was given for hi » release , but the unfortunate man , in the interim , from the excitt-nient which he underwent , was seized with maniaand died in the lunatic am-lcm .
, The Dissenterr Declaration Bui went through a Committee . The other orders of the day were then disposed of , and the Housa aJjocraed at a quarter past one o ' clock . WEDNESDAY , March 17 . Mr . W . H . MAULF / ivas declared duly elected for Carlow . Petitions were presented on various subjects . After a ' good deal of talk about matters of no public interest , the House wa ? counted out , there btdng out of the 65 t > , only 24 present .
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YORKSHIRE LENT ASSIZES ( Continued from our seventh page . )
CROWN COUBT , Wednesday , March 14 . Before Mr . Justice Coleridge . James Pickles , 21 , and Solomon Crabtree , 30 , were charged with having , on the 26 th November , at Southowrain , feloniously broken into and entered the dwelliDg-honse of Samnel Holdsworth . Mr . Cottjngbam and Mr . Stansfield were for the prosecution ; the prisoners vrere defended by Sir G . Lewix and the Hon . J . S . Wortley . The ease for the prosecution was as follows : — On the night of the 26 th November , Mr . Holdsworth and his family retired to rest about half-past ten o ' cloct . Some of them being up ar an early hour
next morning , it was found that the house had been broken into , and several silver spoons , a silver pint , jug , and other plate , together with a leg of mutton ^ were stolen . On the following evening , about seven o ' clock , the prisoners and a man named Norcliffe , were at the Hope and Anchor public-house , atHuddersfield , Pickres having a bundle with him . They gave the servant some mutton chop 3 to coot for them there . Suspicion was excited in the mind of a watchman , who mentioned it to Mr . Mills , the captain of the watch , and in half an hour afterwards it
was found that all the prisoners had left the house , except Crabtree , who was found in an adjoining room , with a bundle near him , in which the silver pint , jug , spoons , and other articles , a-ere found . Those articles were identified by the servant of the prosecutor , as those taken from the house . Por the defence , Sir G . Lewih called a witness named Shaw , who swore that the prisoner Pickles slept at home every night in November , and particnlarly recollected that he did so on the 26 th of that month , when he set off on the following morning for Hnddersfield .
Mr . John Firth , who had employed this prisoner sometimes as a gardener , gave him a good character for honesty . Mr . Frazer , constable of Halifax , stated that he never previously knew anything against Crabtree . The Jury retired , and after an absence of half an hour , returned a vejrdict of Guilty . PJcklea was sentenced to fifteen years and Crabtree to ten years ' transportation .
CTJTTIKO IlXD MAIMING AT LEEDS . John Batley , 21 , was charged with having , on the 11 th of November last , maliciously stabbed William Young , of Leeds , vrith intent to do him some grievous bodily harm . Mr . BaisES conducted the prosecution ; the prisoner was defended by Sir G . Lewix . . ' . It appears that on the night of the 11 th November , the prosecutor , who is a journeyman dver in the establishment of Messrs . Reffifand Co ., * of Leeds , and another workman , were in the Beckett ' s Arms ' Inn , on Xirtstall Road , " where they femaiued in the company until half-past eleven o ' clock . When
Young and his companions had proceeded about 200 yards towards Leeds , they met the pr isoner and his father . The former aimed a blow at Pindar , which he warded off , and quietly walked on ^ immediately afterwards , the prisoner struck Young with a sharp insinzznenr , which wounded him in the side . He then snatched the prosecutor ' s hat , with which he and his father ran off . Young ' s friends pursued them to iheir house , which is near the Beckett ' s Arms ; and lifter a short time the prisoner came , having disguised himself in a great coat . The father tras called , who deposed that the four men struck the prisoner first . The Jnry found the prisoner Not Guikv . ¦
ROBBERY AT BBIGHOTJSE . Joseph T&atcliffe , 19 , and James Broicn , 19 , were charged with having on the 19 th January last , at Brig house , broke and entered the dwelling-liouse of Mr . William Walker , at Brighouse , and stole two bams therefrom . The facts of the case were these ; about two o ' clock in the morning ia ques-
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tion , the prosecutors , ; who slejfc in the chamber of the house , was awoke by a noise and found Batcliffe with a lighted candle in the house ; he ran away , she pursued him , and when she got to the ront door she saw Brown , who also escaped . Informatioa was immediately given to the constable , and on the prisoner being apprehended , Brown said , " never mind , they can nobut transport us . "—GtiiltyV To be each Transported 15 years . BOBBERY AT PtTDSEY . ; : William Wilcock , 18 , was charged with having , on the 19 th Feb . last , at Pudsey , feloniously entered the dwelling-house of Mr . Samuel Dufton , and stole therefrom 300 bobbins , and a quantity of yarn . ' .. ' : ' '¦ ¦ ¦• ¦ ' - . ¦ - ' ¦ ;¦ - ¦¦/;¦ ¦ ¦ ; ¦ . ¦ - ¦¦ ¦¦ ¦ , ¦ ¦ ¦/
Mr . Baines appeared for the prosecutor ; the prisoner was undefended . On the evening of tie 19 th of February , flie prosecutor and his brother left the house locked up ; on their jeturn they found the prisoner in the chamber ; and his footstwpr ^ rere traced in the snow , to an unoccupied house , where he had taken a sack which contained the bobbins of yarn . He was immediately apprehended—Guilty ; but recommended to mercy on account of his youth and previous good character . To be imprisoned and kept to hard labour one year in the House of Correction , at Wakefield . The Learned Judge observing that he feared the prisoner had been led away by bad characters , who were older than himself ; but he trusted that this would be a warning to him , and that when he had . undergone his punishmfnt he would become an honest member of society .
FORGERY AT BAWTRY . William GravenQT ) 45 , was charged with having , on the 15 th of October last , feloniously made and uttered a certain forged Bill of Exchange , with intent to defraud Sir William Brvan Cook , of Doncaster . Mr . Knowles and Mr . Walker -were for the prosecution ; Mr . Dundas and Mr . Baines defended the prisoner . Gravenor was formerly a respectable farmer at Hatfield , but ^ became a bankrupt . On the 15 th of October , a letter was received at the bank of Sir Wm . Cook , at Doncaster , which contained the bill in question . The prisonecaiid a person named iTedale , entered the Bay Horse public house , in September last , which was kept by Mr . Richardson , and asked one of the landlord ' * 'sbh . s to go into a room with them , which he "did . , the prisoner drew out two blank stamps to the young man >
who had previously been in an attorney ' s officej and was consequently acquainted in some measure with Bills of Exchange . The young man drew put the forms for him , and pointed put . to the prisoner where he ought to sign his name . The latter then called for a glass of liquor , which the youth went to bring ; in the meantime , one of his brothers Aras called in , whom the prisoner requested to write a name for Ireland , as he could not write himself . Having never seen a bill before , he unhesitatingly signed his name , not knowing that it would do any injury . The name written at the foot of the bill was Wm . Ward , woolstapler ,. Halifax . About three week ? aftenvards , it was found that this bill was sent to Sir Wm . Cook ' s in a letter . On'being presented for payment in London , it was dishonoured . .
Mr . Jackson appeared as the drawer of the bill , but neither him nor Mr . Ward could be fousd ; and it was discovered that the bill was a forgery . Mr . Dundas , for the defence , contended that the prisoner ' s wife for some reason had si gned the indorsement , wrote the letter , and sent the bill to the bank ; and , therefore , they could not convict the prisoner on the indictment . . Tha Learned Counsel called witnesses to prove the wife's hand-writing , but . the Jury found . tiie prisoner Guilty , but recommended him to mercy . The court rose at seven o ' clock . '
THURSDAY , Mahch 15 , MURDER AT LEEDS BY A LUNATIC . Joseph Jrffgate * 19 , was indicted for having wilfully murdered a boy named John-Webster , at Leeds ; When called upon to plead , the prisoner hesitated much , and at last said " Gentlemen , I don ' t know what you can mean , I dont understand it . " Persisting in this answer , the Jury were sworn to examine whether the prisoner was in such a state of inind as to justify them in placing him at the bar for the
. Mr . Dijxdas and the Hon . J . Wortley conducted tlfe prosecution ; Mr . Baines was retained to defend the prisoner . The Learned Counoels called the prisoner ' s father , who proved that an accident which happened to his son when he was five years old , deprived him of reason . One of the neighbour ' s children threw a brick out of the window , which fell on the prisoner ' s head . H . 5 Lordship severely censured the father for allowing his son to \> e out of saf < . confinement . ' . " He attributed the negligence to his wife ; and his Lordship observed that this had been attended with thg loss of human life .
Mr . Shepherd , the Governor of the Castle , expressed his opinion ( which was corroborated by one of the turnkeys , ) that the prisoner was of insane mind . - . . Mr . Anderson , surgeon , deposed that when the prisoner came to the Castle , he laboured under strong excitement , but he wa-stietter , in consequence of the medical treatment he has received , although not yet of sound mind . The Learned Judge—Where did you come from this morning ?
Prisoner—" From skillet /; but a glass- of ale would do me good now . ItV a good thing . They call i t skillcy—it ' s broken out of my face . ( Laughter . ) His Lordship stated that the law wasj that no manshould be put . upon his trial who was not a rational and reasonable being , and able to make his own defence . If the jury considered that he was not in such a state , they would detain the prisoner for life , or until be was of sound mind . The jury found the prisoner " Insane . "
MURDER AT FERRY FRYSTOK . Robert Loicther , S 9 was charged on the coroner ' s inquest , with having , on the 20 th "November , wilfully murdered Rylah Richardson , of Ferry Fryston . There was a second count in the indictment , charging the crime as manslaughter . Serjeant Atcherley , with whom was Mr . Read , having stated the case , called the following witnesses : — ; John Hobson , is a sawyer at Ferrybridge , and knew the deceased , who was a butcher about 70 years of age . The prisoner is an illegitimate son of the deceased's wife . On the foreuoon of the day
mentioned in the indictment , he heard the deceased and his wife quarrelling about their property . About four o'clock , witness was called in to his tea by Mrs . Richardson . In that room there was also prisoner , himself and his son . The deceased came down stairs with his night cap on , drunk } he seized the coal rake , which was beside the fender , and demanded of the prisoner what he was doing there ? The deceased held it up as if he was going to strike . The prisoner rose up , knocked the deceased down , and struck him several times . On his sitting down , old Richardson said he would go and : fetch the constable , and on his going to the door , the prisoner jumped up , seized hold of the deceased , and said , "D n thee , I'll eive thee something to fetch
him for , " striking him at the back of the head , and knocking him down on the threshold of the house . Prisoner then seized him by the Iegs ; and arms and dragged him into the house—he took him by the hair of the head , and jowled it against the stone floor , two or three times . Witness ' s son said to prisoner— " ForGod ssake let the old man alone ^ and we'll lift him from the floor . '' Prisoner replied , " Let him get up ; its all his d—— -d stupidness . " He was lifted into the chair , but never afterwards spoke . They asked him if he would have some tea , to which he made no reply ; and Mrs . Richardson observed that he was holding his breath to kill himself . One of the family went for Mr . Laidman , the constable , who found Richardson dead .
" Cross-examined . —Deceased was intoxicated . Witness had assisted him to bed about one o ' clock that morning , when he was very drunk . He did not know whether the coal-rake hit the prisoner ; he warded off the blow with his left hand and struck the deceased with his right . The prisoner did so in the heat of passion . Mr . Hill , surgeon « f Knottingley , was called in to the deceased on Saturday night , the 20 th of Xovember , at Ferrybridge . He found him quite dead . He instantly tried to bleed him , but could not get any blood from him . There v . as a scratch / on his face . The day following , he made a . post mortem examination of the body " , and found four t ) r
five bruises on the back part of the head , apparentl y occasioned by a fall . On dissecting the integument and laying bare the skull ,- he discovered au effusion of blood on one of the membranes , and on the surface of the brain . The veins were turgid and full . A concussion of the brain would oceeasion these appearances , and external violence would occasion the concussion , vehich caused death . Cross-examined . —If the deceased was habitually intoxicated , it would cause some of those appearances . The coagulated blood in the lateral ventricle was sufficient to cause death . A person in this state could not live more than two or three days . By the Judge—Prisoner was much thp strongest man ; the deceased walked lame .
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; James Hopsjori , Asjjiwyef at Fetry » bridge , and son of the previous witness , ? was shortly examined , bat : Ms evidence presented tlq new facts , being merely corrobbtary of the testiwvbny of his father . Ann Sawyer deposed that she was a / yridowy and resided adjoining the deceased .: Between fbur and five o ' clock in the afternoon in quesidbn ^ she heard l ^ great disturbance in / . Sicha . rd 8 onV ' 'vq 6 n . se , ' - ' -aD'd went to the door , when Shesaw the prisoner knock jRichardson down , as he wait passing over the threshold . -His head was partl y laid out of the door , and the prisoner ^ dragged , him by one of hi » arms and hisi' head . She tried ; to open the door , but it was niade fast . ; She shouted to Lowther , ' Open the door , thou villain- —thpu ' s killed the pld man . " While at the door , she heard Mrs . RichV ardson tell the prisoner : that he would have to go tb York Castle for killijag her husband . ¦ )
Mr . Laidman , ' constable ; of Ferry-bridge , stated flat he vTas . called into the deipeased's house between : five and sis ; o ' clock on the night in question ; Dut when he arrived , he found Richardson laid dead . ; . ; ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ ; . . ¦ ¦^ .. ; . - ' , ;' ; ;; . ; ' . .. . : ¦ ' / . " -v . . ;¦ ' .. ' ¦'¦ "' ' . ' , ¦ ¦; . Mr . Aldersbn ; a surgeon , was called in eorroboration of Mr . Hiil ' s evidence , as to the examination of the deceased after death . Sir ; G . LEwiiN addressed the Jury on behalf of
the prisoner , in a clear and forcible speech . It was evident , froni the whole of the testimony , that the unfortunate man was kvUed , nbt in the cruel , malicious , ' and premeditated manner which constituted the crime of murder , but in heated blood , and after considerable provpeation . This being the case , he called upon them to do their duty to themselves , their God j and society at large , by acquitting the prisoner of the more awful and aggravated offence of murder . .
His Lordship having impartially summed upj the Jury retired , and after consulting about half an hour , returned a verdict of Guilty . : The Learned Judge passed sentence on the prisoner in a pathetic and feeling address . If the Jury had been of opinion that he was guilty : of murder , it would have been his duty to pass the awful sentence of the * law on him , and he would have expiated his crime on the scaffold ; but they had relieved him from that painful duty , and the p risoner from the . aWful p dnishment . The provocation he had received waa but slight ; and he would hot have it go abroady that any man could take away human life , and escape severe punishment . It appeared from the calendar , that but little value was set upoB life . ¦
The state ¦ - of 'society ,: ' , amongst the lower orders , more resembled an uncivilized and barbarous conntrj- ,: than Christiari England . What could be more shocking than the prisoner ' s conduct to the deceased ; he had sent a man drunk , despising ; the Sabbath , with all his sins upon his head , unprepared into eternity . The deceased liftedup his hand with a coalrake against the prisoner , which he wrested from him . Did that excuse the brutal / -way m which the deceased was attacked by him ? Certamiy not . He therefore trusted that on his bendad knees he would implore forgiveness of the Almighty , and regulate his passions for the remainder of his days , remembering to what awful consequences their passions had led . The prisoner was then sentenced " to be tranpuorted for-lift * . '' : \ "
CHABGE OF ROBBERY . Joseph Spivdon , ( out on bail ) was charged with having , on the 31 st of AugLSt last , feloniously assaulted and , taken from the person of Mr . John Hargrtaves , his purse and money , when near Bradford . He was almost immediately found "Not Guilty . " . : ¦ ' . ;; . / ' V- / ' {' ¦¦ : / ; , / -. ^ . [' - \ THE OUEEN '¦ : p . THE INHABITANTS OF WARMFIELD was then called , but as no evidence was olFered upou it , and acebrdingly a verdict of" Not Guilty" was entered for the defendants .
NEW POOR LAW RIOTS AT BRADFORD . Joseph Tillotson , 20 , Win . Whenter , 20 , Wm . Brooks , 20 , Joseph Gvccnsmithy 19 , and Joseph Smu ite , 18 , were charged on the oaths of James Sharp . Richard M'Laine , George Ingham , and others , with having , ¦ : ' dn , th > 20 th of November last , at Bradford , unlawfully , ^ riotously , and tumultubusly a . s » : eml ] ed together , niakinfj : a great noise , tumult , and disturbance to the great terror of the Queen's subjects . ¦ . ' ; :- ¦¦ Mr . W& 8 NEV and , Mv . Lister were retained as counsel ' for the prosecution , and Mr . Dundas for the prisoners . V ; . ,
On the Jury being called , Mr . Pitkethjey and Mr . Stocks , who h . ulbeen suinmoned as Jurors , were amonjrst the numbers ; on which Mr . Wasne y : isked Mr . Pitkethloy if he did not oppose the Poor Law , together with Mr . Oastler , ¦ at the time when the offence charged in the indictment was committed . On being answered in the aflirmative , the Learned Counsel objected , on the part of the Crown totheir remaining in the box > - - The Learned Judge stated that he had no doubt but that those gentle-inert ¦ ¦ would , deliver perfectly unbiassed and conscientious verdict ! 1 , without reference to their opinions * Mr . Pitkethley arid Mr . Stocks , however , preferred withdrawing from the jury box , so its to be free from any imputation or suspicion of- this nature . Two other jurytrien were then empannelled . - '
The prisoners ( with the exception of Wh ' eater , ) pleaded guilty ; and against him no evidence was offered , He was , therefore ,, discharged . Mr . Wasney , for the prosecution , recommended the other four prisoners to the merciful consideration of the Court , on the ground of the great excitement that prevailed when the offence was committed , The Learned Judge then sentenced the prisoners to" One Month ' s Imprisonment" in York Castle , remarking that should any similar disturbance again occur the law would be found strong enough to meet the ease of the guilty parties , and suppress those riots * Whatever might be the opinion of any number of persons as to the operation of any Act of Parliament , they had no right tp resist its execution , but endeavour to procure its repeal .
Benjamin Garside was then charged , on two indictments , with having received : goods , knowing them to have been stolen , but no case Was offered for the prosecution , and- the . ' prisoner was therefore discharged . - At the rising of the Court , the following prisoners , who had been previously convicted , vvere sentenced : —Ellis Nicholls , and Wiitiwn- Gravenor > , to fifteen years' transportation ; Jackson , to twelve months ' hard labour in Wakefield House of Correction ; Fowler , jfor manslanghter at Middlesborough , twelve months' imprisonment ; and Crabtree , who pleaded guilty to a bv / rglary at Idle , to twelve ; months , and Wheater , to eighteen months' hard labour in : Wakefield House of Correction . The criminal business is concluded , with the exception of an assault case .
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NISI PRIUS COURT—Tuesday , March 13 . CARTER AND OTHERS , V . CAIIR . Mr . Alexander and Mr . Hoggins for the plaintiff ; and Mr . Chesswell for the defendant . The action was tbrecover £ 85 , the balance of an account due from the trustees of the Gomersal and Pewsbury turnpike road , for stoiie arid materials , to ^^ whi ch the defendant pleaded that they were " ., not liable . ... The case Avas entirely destitute of public interest . ' '"Verdict for the Plaintiff- ^ Dainages , the Sum sought . " WEDNESDAY , March If Justice Pattbson tobk his seat this morning at nine o ' clock preciselyi , Oil th p application of Sir G Lewin , the case of Queen v . Barrett and others , an assault at Harrogate , was postponed till next assizes , in consequence of the absenne of a Triaterial witness .
LANCASTER U . WAI . SH . Mr . Alexander and Mr . Watson were for the plaintiff , a weaver : residing at Southowram , near Halifax f M ^ 'CRBSWELL and Mr . AdDison for the defendant , a finisher kt Halifax , The action was to recover £ 20 , a public reward , for giving certain information that might lead to the conviction of the parUes , w -ho bommitted a highway robbery ; to which defendan t pleaded that the plain tiff did hot give the information by which the notes were traced . On the twenty-fifth bf July , 1835 , as Mir . Walsh was returning home late at night , be was robbed of two Bank of England notes and other monies , when he directed bills to be printed , and an advertisement inserted in the newspapers , as follows : — £ 20 reward . Whereas on Saturday night last , two Bank of England notes and other monies were stolen from the
person of Mr . Richard Walsh , on his way to Halifax ; whoever will give such information as may ¦ . lead tp the notes being traced , shall , ¦; on cohyiction of the parties , receive the above reward . " Dated July 29 . On the 5 th pf ^ August ,. the plaintiff went to Mr . Walsh , in company , with a friend of his named Molyneux , the watchman of a factory at Halifax . Mr . Lancaster stated that on " the night of Robbery four men knocked at the door of his house , on which he went to the window . He saw there four men to
who a ^ ked him tell them what tvyo pieces of paper were which they put in the window ; Lancaster went , to the . fire , and afterwards lighted a candle ; he told them they were a £ 30 / and a £ 30 Bank of England bills j scratehing the numbers with a " pipestopper " oirthe hearth-stone , which he afterwards transferred to the plaster on the wall . -Walsh asked him who the men were ; he said there was Burn , jBrooJc , Dyson , ancl ^' . maii whom ; he thought % as Hanson . The defendant then said that this was the
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first information he had received ; and immediately sent for Mr . Brearey , the constable , U > whom the plaintiff communicated these particulars , | and in cdnaequence of which the persons whom he named were apprehended . The magistrates , however ^ d'd not consider the / evidence sufficient ^ and discharged the prisoners . Sbme time afterwards Dyson was sent intoi the custody of Mr . Ilungworth , the deputy constable of Wakefield , to whom he ^^^ ebnfessed that he and ; some others committed the robbery , and gave ample . -evidence " 'to secure his own convictiotj . J ) yson was accordingly committed to York Castle ; and on the trial at fibe Lent Assizes , in 1836 , the plaintiff attended before the Grand . Jury , and when the prisoner ; came into Court he pleaded Guilty j judgment of death was recorded against him , and he was subsequently
transported . On the 5 th of March , Lancaster claimed the reward , ; by Mr . Holroyde , his solicitor ; ten days afterwards , Mr , IUingworth , the deputy constable of Wakefield , also demanded : ft ; and Mr . Brearey also set Up a claim to it . Mn Illingworth served the defendant with a Writ of Action ; when Mr . Walsh applied to the Court of Exchequer for protection under the interpleader act , asking that he inight be allowed to pay the £ 20 into the hands of the officer of the Court , and that the parties themBelves might decide to whom it properly belonged . They declined this , leaying every man at liberty to fight his own battles , and the Court , therefore , refused to interfere ; Mr . Illiugworth , however , abandoned the action that he had previously brought , Under these circumstances , he submitted that the plaintiff was clearly entitled to their verdict .
Mr . Molyneux detailed the information given by the plaintiff as stated by the Learned Counsel in his opening speech . "¦'¦ •' - .,. Mr . Brearey was ialso called in support of those : facts . ¦ ; '¦ ¦' . ' - ¦ , ' ::. ; . " ¦• ¦ . ' . ' . , ¦ : " .. ' ¦ ' ¦ . ' "¦ ' ¦ - ,. ¦ Mr . Cresstsvell argued that the plaintiff had not proved that his information led to the notes being traced . His Xordship did not consider this necessary ; on which the learned counsel put it to the Jury that the person who went to the banks , stopped the notes , and apprehended those who presented them for payment , was entitled to the reward . He could not call Mr . Briggs , who received this information and acted . upon it , as he was confined to his bed by a serious accident , but he should call a person by whom , it was given , which was extremely inconveuient to the public interest , but which he was
driven to do , in consequence of an application for his evidence being taken in writing , having been opposed and refused . Mr . Cress ^ velI / then called Mr . Iliingworth , who stated that in consequence of seeing this advertisement , be went and found that the notes had been cashed by the Northern and Central Bank . From information he received , he apprehended two men named Thaekwray and Nicholl , who were identified by the banker ' s clerk , as the men- \\; hp . had got the notes cashed . On the same evening , he went to Halifax , in search of the men who committed the robbery , and took Nicholl with him . He saw Mr . Brearey , and communicated the circumstance to him ; Thaekwray and Nieholl were e . xamintd before the magistrates , and they gave a description of the men from whom they received * the notes . About a fortnight afterwards , Dyson was brought over to him at Wakefield .
Eleazar Clark , resides at Great Horton , near Bradford ; after tearing of the robbery at -Halifax , Dyson told him that he and Burn , Brook , and Han- , son , had committed it , and obtained a £ 50 and a £ 30 note . He told that to Mr . Biigg the week after the robbery . Dyson went from home in a few days . Lancaster came over , and asked him if Dysou was at home ; he-told witness he was to have £ 5 for reading the bills . When Dyson came back , he w . as apprehended by Mr . Brigg . v ' Cross-examined . — Burn lived at Halifax , and Brook-at Sheffield . Witness is a wool-comber .
Mr . Alexander replied , observing that when Mr . Illingworth brought . his action , the defendant said the reward belonged to the plaintiff ; and when he claimed it then , it was said that Mr . Brigga was entitled to it . It reminded him of the old fable of the matt who stole some meat , and gave it to . his companion toput under hirf coat ; when charged with it , the first said he had not the meat , and the last that ' |' -he would be hanged if he had stole the meat . " ( Laughter . ) After commenting on the evidence , the learned counsel submitted that the substantial information on ' which Dyson wa * apprehended , and subsequently cpn-yicc ' ed , origiadted with Mr . Lancaster . ;¦ ' ¦ ¦ ' . :. ''¦ ¦ ' .,. ¦ . ( Continued in our'thira ' pa ^ e . )
A Spleidid Portbait
A SPLEIDID PORTBAIT
To Readers & Corhe3p0ndeitt^.
TO READERS & CORHE 3 P 0 NDEITT ^ .
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All Agents for the Northern Star are hereby noticed , that if they do not send their remittances vpOii the receipt of their accounts , ( heir Paperfor the following week will be stopped . This we do in order that our readers may know to whom blame in case of disappointment , should bo attached . TJnion between Whigs and Radicals . —It so happens [ hat a certain Whig Bank Director has threatened one of oiir most efficient Agents * with an ' \ eje ^ ment ' - : jrqmJus .-j > r 0 nises ' —dndy . a ^ si Ufted ' ,-for . ¦ no other reason than he sells Radical News- ; papers . Let him try it , and we trill run the " Star" ' against the , bank for \ a ¦ trifle .
We have been reluctantly obliged to postpone the able addresses of Messrs . Hartley , Neesom , and Ireland , upon their withdrawal from , the Working Men ' s Association of London , from the great . press of assize news and other local matter . We have also been compelled to -postpone the address to Mr . O'Connor , upon the subject of the recent attack of the London Working Men ' s . Association , fro ? n Jus excellent and stead y friends of Preston , Barnstey Wo : rsborortgh , and other places . ' . ¦>
TAeSun newspaper refused to insert Mr . O'Connor ' s Reply to the London Working Men ^ although Mr . O'Connor offered to pay for it as cin advertisement . It will be recollected that that paper published the charges . So much for the spirit of the public journals ! Mr . O'Connor hereby gives notice , that on or about the 1 st day of November next , he will establish the "EVENING STAR , " in London , tobe coiiductedf in conjunction with the Northern Star , . by Messrs . O'Connor , O'Brien , and Hill . Huddersfield ! bruve Huddersficld ! has offered £ 500 to begin !! We will turn the Savings Banks 1 money into a national press fund . It is said , and it shall he done .
The working men sent a copy of their charges to the Leeds Times , but did not send a copy &f Mr . O'Connor ' s reply , although , he left the matter purposely in time . The working men of Liverpool are welcome to the " Star ; " we send the number required . They shall appoint their own agents ; -we never , have been deceived by their order . When the weather is settled , Mr . WCoimor will visit his friends at Liverpool . The press of Assize Intelligence compels " its ' - to do violence to our inclination , " in setting Aside several valuable communications till next week . Amongst which we are sorry to include the excellent letters of Frazer , of Edinburgh ^ and Mr Richardson , of Manchester *
J . B . R . —JT / s ' lines have been received . We have not yet had , time to read them . Our Halifax Correspondent , for whose industry we beg to return our thanks , will greatly \ . oblige the Compositors by as often as convenient , writing on only one side of the paper . Several other Corrjesponilenis may also convenience us by an attention to this hint . Abraham Hanson . —The letter to Lord Eowick
cannot appear th' * Week . We cannot promise ' ¦ ' . ' ¦ 'it for next , ipeek j hut will see * The high-flown poetical eomplbncnts of M . ' "M . " 0 . of "Flash Hall , " were somewhat dear at the postage . We suspect it was intended as a hoax ; if so , the wag is deceived . He has not cheated tts but the post office . A host of poetical and other Correspondents must really excitse m . ' ;¦¦ ' ; ;
R , S .- ^ TFe advise him give up < writing poetry ^ t is evidently not his forte . : If we do not hear frorn Mr . Milltir , oiir Giasgpic agent , we shu . U stop his papers next week .
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LANDLORDS' TITIJE TO ;^^ . J ^ PLFS • ; . vi ^ :. V :. / -J ^ At all public meetings , wben there exists a desirstp placei the ^ people intheir / mosst foimidable valuable ^ and proud position , they are pompously designated as (' . ' the producers of all- wealth ' ;" .- ; -but as we have ever been taught to joKok upon the working man as the most estimable being in existence , we . [ should ' "be ;^ orry that his every claim to
prptectipuj distinction , and admiration , rested upon his simple power of production , hj , mere inanual labour . Ia factj the working : classes are much more valuable to their oppressors as consumers , than even to their employers as producers . Therefore , in order to place this portion of sbeiety in its real position , let .. . us take a view of th « advantages which man , as producer and consumer , confers upon those classes who make jnerehandize of him in their
respective capacities ^ The power which a combination of capitalists has upon the regulation of the price of labour , is a subject which . has been backnied , till at length the labourer has discovered that his only property—and , after all , his is the only rea / property upon earth—is capable . of being arTected by every whim and caprice of the speculator ; and is made , in a great measure , to depend upon a currency which is always a fiction , and yet to which labour , the only reality j is invariabl y made 8 ub 8 eryient . We leave man poor man , for a
moment , in his most degraded statej as an instrument of production , for the support of the wants , theeomfortsy and the luxuries of his chance-born superior . We draw a momentary- veil over tha whole abyss of poverty into wMch the presumptuous and abused power , monopoly , and confiscation of the few , has plunged the ; dependent order ; We leave the care-worn artizan , the squalid hand-loom weaver , the ; anatomized living skeleton of a factory operative , the agricjiilturalslaye ^ the able tradesman depending ^ upon weather for the
exercise of his craft , and upon the regulation of capitalists for the revyard of his toil . We leave the whole tribe of slaves , as producers , and shall exhibit them as consumerSi When the capitalist employs & man to work , he certainly specnlates to some extent ; he does embark his capital in raw material , duty , taxation , and labour j ' . but we submit , as an / illustratipn of our position , the condition in which large landed proprietors are placed , without any : risk or speculation . We instance the towns of . Huaaersfield , Qldham , Stockport , Ashton , Staley Bridge .
and otherplaces ; which , from speculation in trade and commerce , may have sprung in to rapid existence . The inhabitant of such towns , as coiisumers , at once confer the benefit . upon the landlord not only as to ground rent , but also as to the increased value , which all contiguous property receives from the consumption of the working classes . We shall suppose the proprietor to be a natural born idiot y a creature gone to the south of France , to recover
the effects of dissipation , or exhaustifeii from too frequent drafts , upon tho luxuries produced by the people ; or a lunatic whose affairs are in the hands of his committee ; or a resident in the back settlements of America . Now , how indifferent must be that state of things , which presses upon the valuable portion of society , while they thus tend to enrich the idle portion , without . ' .. . Any-, even ! the sli ghtest venture , exertion , risk or speculation , - upon their part . We shall certainly , not be considered as
exorbitant , or extravagant , if we suppose the land in the immediate neighbourhood , of Huddersfieldj Qldhamj and Stockpor ;^ to have been increased by £ 20 , 000 per annum by the-erection of . the town and the consumption of the working classes . When we take into consideration the villas , the pleasure-grounds , the paddocks : the ¦ t own-fields , - the vegetable gardens , the increased value of land even employed in the production of grosser produce , from its proximity , j-to a market , £ 20 , 000 a-year is a tery low rate of increased value .
It must be borne in mind , that no man with read y , made money—no half-pay officer—ho reared commercial man— no rich old maid—no w salthy spendthrift , or rich debauchee , from choice resides within the precincts of a manufacturing town ; and that , therefore , unlike Bath , Brighton , Leamingtonj or Hastings , the residents depend upon the exertions of the labourer , for the very means of subsistence . The profit which is to . be made of a 6 l-days ' -bill , speculatedin labour , frequently composes Itha itock-intrade of the speculator . We add to the fruges
consumeve nati- ^ iaat is , those ; who consume without producing—the many shopmen and other intermediate links which exist in those towns , ; between the speculator and the labourer , and who , brie and allj , like the absentee landlord , ( and it makes little difference whether the landlord is an absentee or not , in this instance ) , live upon the people as consumers . We shall now divide the £ 20 , 000 a-year , produced for the landlords b y the consumption of the producers , without ; ahy speculation , exertion risk , effort , or return on the part of the said drones , and see to what
extent according to the Robbery-and-Beggar ' srDish-Act , it would provide for the unwilling idlers of the neighbourhood . Let us suppose £ 5 per annum per head , for the maintenance of each ^ awj 9 ^ , / : and > - 'the-- '" £ 20 , 006 '''' ; of .: ' ; .. in ^ eased ' rent produced by the consumers , would furnish that amount for every day ; in ' the year to four thousand individuals ; .. ' Tbus ^ then , do we establish our oft-repeated asser ^ ionj namel y , that poor laws are only rendered necessarj- by the ^ usurpation of that property ^^ which legi timately
belongs to the working classes . Added to the increased value of the landy all thei articles of life are raised upon the consumers , by placing them upon an exact footing as regards taxation , with their ; wealthier neighbours . Lighting , cleansing , watching , paving , police , water-rate , ; market-tblV and all other imposts , which are estimated by a scale , suiting ^ the comforts .--of ^ the rich , ^ ^ are ^^; entailed with equal expense upon the poor . Of what advantage is a well paved town to thoseVho seldom tread ,
save upon the floor of the cpfton-factory ?; Of what benefit is the briliiantgas-light tcii him who mopes bis way ; with half-closed eye from his den of slavery to his couch of rtiisery ?/ Of what value is the protection of a niffianrpolice to him who has no rights to be protected ? In / short , wherein is the advantage of taxation to that portion bf society who have no participation in its benefitB , but who are compelled to supply its amount for the comforts of others ? As too great minuteness cannot be bbservied io
proving our position we wiU exhibit the relative condition of a population , whoiesomely spread over 5 ^ 000 acres , and the conditioni ' bf the same populatiori , say 20 , 000 congregated in a town . Suppose 5 , 000 acres of landworthfl per acre in its usually emplpyed agricultural condition ; the erection off town in the centre of that quantity will increase the rent by at least £ 20 j 000 a year . In the ' . iov ' n the inhabitants , ai we have shewn , are liable to
the rich man's scale of taxation , iand aTe obliged ia every instance to contribute their ^ ttota to the support of institutions from which they derive no bene ' fit , but rather suffer damage . In the countrf district , the people are relieved v from market-toll ? , frpBO ^ the increased p rice for ^^ carriage , Tfrom ^ the shopkeeper's profit upon articles , which can be purchased directly from the growers , front those taxes which go ; but to increase the ; comforts of ; the ; rich , as well as from many other chargesr But then , we Jnay
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 17, 1838, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct343/page/4/
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