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aSanftruirt*, &t.
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6?rtgtna> Corrrjefponucnfe ? ¦
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BROTHER JONATHAN TO JOHN BULL.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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CHAETISTS !!! . . •; , FtTECHA 5 B ' - ' TBS XK > OBC OF TOXCj ' A POi'M , Just Published , Price Threepence , Poiiage Fret to all parts of the Kingdom , by * A * A « B 48 Sa » or iv Boitds , " now lying in '—r-Gaol , for political truth telline . By encTotmf ; Sixpence in a letter , throngh the post , pre-paid , two copies of the Poem wi ll be delivered , free of charge , to the place directed . Send yojtr orders and money to ' Wiixuks and Buss , Bridge-8 treet , > SuBderland .
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POFtnVAB . BULGE BOOS AND AUOANAC , FOB 1841 . MR . RICHARDSON begs to state that the demaud for bis popular Book continues unabated , and has now reached higher in circulation than any other Almanac jn the Kingdom , —proving that the People are anxious to see how the Taxes , are squandered awsy npon Pi&cemen , splendid Paupers , and Government hangers-on ; and , also , how the Poer are treated by those who plunder them of their hard earnings , A spirit of enquiry ia on foot : every reader of the
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FITZHUGH & C . GRCVISHAV , 10 , GOREE PIAZZAS , LIVERPOOL , DESPATCH Fine First Class AMERICAN SHIPS , of Large Tonnage , for the following Ports , viz .: — NEW YORK , PHILADELPHIA , BALTIMORE , BOSTON , and NEW ORLEANS , In -which Passengers can be accommodated with tOKfortable BerthB , in the Cabin , Second Cabin , and Steerage . Persons about to Emigrate , may save themselves
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THE NEW COUGH MEDICINE !!! H OLLAND'S BALSAM OF SPRUCE , the newly discovered remedy for Coughs , Colds , 1 nflT "> f ** j Incipient Asthma , and Consumption . Medical Science is daily . producing new wonders , and among the diseoreries which take place none * M SHSe-daierring of public approbation thaa . a remedy for those complaints which , in this' variable climate , axe bo productive of fatal consequences to the comfort and lives ot the pablio as Coughs and ¦ Odd * . THIS EXTRAORDINARY REMEDY relieves ihe-most distressing symptoms in a few hours , and a little perseverance in its use will , in every case , effect & permanent cure .
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ADVICE . MR . WILKINSON , SURGEON , HAVIN G devoted his Studies for many Years to tb * successful Treatment of the YENEREAL DISEASE , in all its various Forms ; also , to the frightfBJ consequences resulting from that destructive practice , " Self Abnse , " may be personally con-Bolted from Ni « e in the Morning till Ten at Nieht STREET ^ ORT ^ ^ FFT ^ - ^ FALGAR Bittbfij , r » Ui * J . ii alKEtir , Leeds , and every Thursday , at No . 4 , GEORGE STREET , Bradford , from Ten till Five .
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WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE ADJOCJRNED SESSIONS .: NOTICE IS HEREBT GITEN , that the Christmas General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the West Riding of the county of York , will be holden by adjournment at the Court House , in Wakefield , on Wednesday , the 10 th day of February next , at Twelve o'clock at noon : when the report of the committee appointed on the 9 th day of December last , " to consider of the number and extent of the Police Districts to be formed within the West Biding , and the number and probable expence of ths Constables within the said Districts , " will be taken into consideration t
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EVEBTT NT BXBEl £ SOW IK PRINT . BEAUTIFUL NEW MUSIC . TO FLUTE , FLAGEOLET , VIOLIN , CLARIONET , KENT BUGLE , AND CORNOPEAN PLAYERS . THAT celebrated Monthly Periodical , THE FLUTONICON , gives every beantifnl tone that becomes popolax . In its pages wiji be found , for the small price of Eightpence Monthly , not only every tune that i * popular , bat every tune that is likely to become bo ; all new Copyright Melodies « f merit being inserted here . Nos . to 84 are already published ; any ef which may be had at 8 d . per Number , or sent , Postpaid , to any part of the Kingdom by enclosing Is . As a specimen of the contents of some ot the Numbers , tie following la submitted , namely : — No . 1 . ' Rise , gentle Moon / ' I love but thee , and seven others . 11 . ' Farewell to the Mountain , ' and Ten others . 13 . ' The Sea ! the Seal * and Ten others , ( now in
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OLD PARR'S SECRET OP LONG LIFE DISCOVERED . A MOST singular document has recently been brought to Tight , and is now in the possession of the Rev . Wh . Aether , ot East Peckham : it appears to have been written , by the celebrated OLD PARR , who attained the almost incredible age of one hundred and fifty-two years , and who left this document to a relation : it is written on pajcament , and . although upwards of two hundred years old is in an excellent state of preservation .
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aSanftruirt * , &t .
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From V * London Gtxette 0 / Friday , Jmmtary 15 . BANKRUPT * . J . Fearnley , Bradford , Yorkshire , wools tapler , Feb . A , 26 , at one . Atta . Crowder and Maynard , Mansion ' house-place . A . Liddell , Fencburcb-street , merchant , January 22 , at half-past eleven , Feb . 26 , at 12 . Atts . Rhodes and Co . Chancery-lane . R . Swan , Seymour-place , Camden Town , jeweller , January 30 , at two , February 26 , at eleven . ; Atts . Bigg and Goldfinch , Southampton-buildings , Holbora . J . Philips , High-rtreet , Wlilfcechapel , llmafcdraper , January 22 , at one , February 26 , at eleven ; Atts . Lloyd , CTwapsMa . ... - _ _ - _ ,-1- , _ ¦; ;> " ^ ^^
Q . Dawson , HolMfirth , YoTkshlr « r gtoe ^^ JF » A » Ty 27 , February 26 , at ten , at the PacK Horse l » n , Huddersfleld . Atts . SUpbemon , Holmflrth , near Bandersfield ; and Battye and Co . Chancery-tene . J . Tyrer , Birmingham , bntton-man ^ IacVuTer , January 29 , at eleven , February 26 , at twelve , at tho New Royal Hotel , Binntogham . Atts . Harris on * Birmingham ; CWdick , Wait Bromwicta j and CampUn , Gtaty ' s Inn-square . , V ¦ T . Payne , Bromyard , Herefordshire , victualler , Jan . SO , Feb . 26 , at twelve , at tho Hay Horse Inn , Bromyard . Atta . Derereox , firomyani , Herefordabire ; and Hastings , Harpur-street , Red Lion-square . T . Cross , Cambridge , coachman , February 8 , at ten , February 26 , at three , at the Red Lion Inn , Cambridge . Atts . Bradley , Cambridge ; and Robinson , Half Moon-street , Piccadilly .
J . Prescott , Hulme , Lancashire , grocer , January 30 , February 26 , at ten , at the Commissioners' Rooms , Manchester . Atts . Oliver , Manchester ; and Appleby , Aldermanbnry . G . Inston , Birmingham , builder , February 9 , and 26 , at two , at the New Royal Hotel , Birmingham . Atts . Harrison , Birmingham ; and Chaplin , Gray ' s Inn-Hiuaie .
PART . VEBSHIPS PISSOLTED . G- L . Banks , W . Liversedge , and S . Gutteridge , Selby , Yorkshire , timber-merchants . —Mary Robson and J . Butter worth , Rochdale , shoe-dealers . —B . Holmes and T . Yeevers , Liverpool , whitesmiths . —M . Birkett and J . Bradshaw , Wigan , Lancashire , plumbers . —H . Higgins and J . Whelan , Bradford , Yorkshire woollendrapers . —( J . Lee and J . Perkins , Kingston-npon-Hnll , printers . R . Sample and G . and J . Laing , Berbico and Liverpool . —J . Shand , T . Hughes , and J . Hughes , Liverpool , brokers . —J . Crighton and Co . Manchester , mnyhlnft-mubflrit .
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From the London Gazette of Tuesday , Jwumry 19 .
BANKRUPTS . Joseph Waddell , grocer , Birmingham , to surrender January 27 , and March 2 , at one , at the New Royal Hotel , New-street , Birmingham ; Church , Bedford-row , London ; James , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , James Barlow , brass-founder , Birmingham , February 3 , and March 2 , at one , at the New Royal Hotel , Newstreet , Birmingham ; Rowland and Young , White Lion-court , Cornhill , Londen ; Tyndall and Son , Birmingham . Richard Riley , farmer , Wellesborne , Hastings , January 29 , and March 2 , at twelve , at the Sbakspeare Hotel , Stratford-upon-Avon . Adlington , Gregory , Faulkner , and Follett , Bedford-row , London ; Hobbes , Stratford-upon-Avon . Edward Richardson , merchant , Sunderland , February 12 , and March 2 , at eleven . Adlington , Gregory , Faulkner , and Follett , London ; Bolts , Biahopwearmouth .
Henry Joseph Rsed , victualler , late of Marquiscourt , Drury-lane , Middlesex , January 27 , at two , and March 2 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Lackington , Celeman-streefc-buildings , the official assignee ; Dimmock , Siae-lane . Francis Buckle , merchant , Leeds , January 29 , and March 2 , at ten , at the Commissioners ' -rooms , Leeds Wiglesworlh , Ridsdale , and Craduack , Gray ' s Innsquare . - ¦ ^ "*• ¦" •<* , - -. -.. Richard Morris , coach-maker , Glsncftster , Janaary 29 , and March 2 , at twelve , at the office of Measxs Henry and Robert Wilton , Gloucester . Wilton , Gloucester . "Wilton , Gray ' s Inn , London . Henry Marsden , cattle-dealer , Cellan , Cardiganshire , February i , at three , and March 2 , at one , at the Ivy Bush , Carmarthen . Turner and Hensman , Basinglane , London ; Baker , Abergavenny .
Loyd Richard Seale , packer , Marshall-street , Goldensqure , January 27 , at one , and March 2 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Johnson , Baeinghallstreet , official assignee ; Fisher ; Queen-street , Cheapside . Edwin Edmonds Rouse , stationer , Worcester , February 2 , and March 2 , at twelve , at the office of Messrs . Gillam and Son , Worcester . Clark and Cooper , Sessions-house , Old Bailey , London ; Gillara and Son , Worcester . Sarah Stannard Leak , dressmaker , Holt , Norfolk , February 9 , and March 3 , at 11 , at the Crown Inn , Fakeaham , Norfolk . Mills , Brunswick-place , Cityroad , London ; Coaens , Letheringsett , Norfolk .
. Francis , Perks , Jan ., hatter , Stoarbridge , Worcestershire , January 27 , and March- 2 , at eleven , at the office of Mr . William Blow CoIHs , Stottrbrldge .- Clowes and Wedlake , King ' s Bench-walk . Temple , London ; Collii , Stourbridge . '
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WAKEFIELD HELL . TO THB XDirOS , OF XB 8 NORTHBJLf STAB . Sib ., —In my but , I ptomtowl to xUta / why the prisoners did not avail themselves of the " Visiting Magistrates' " hamane care , to get rid of the abominable cruelties inflicted upon them . In one sense , the visits of those gentlemen were angelic , —they wiBrt ^ 'few and far between ; " but , in ever ; ether respect , they
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&sjy contributed to tke poor victim ' s sufferings , by iniattgaft him with tfee bitter mockery of an Inspecting tfiitl pain * d&faf the -whole Urn * of my Imprisonment saw one of those visitors in ah official capacity , or I should B 4 t » ' tii ^ l to obtain some redress of the complaints which I had to make ; but , should a prisoner prefer Any ' eomplftM either against any of the officers or U * system , he would probably have bitter reason to rue it An Eastern Bashaw cannot exercise power la a more despotic nmfaw * , or inflict punishment with a& ' tmi * p ^ vmm * . i # uuk-* anm " Van Kings . " It is said "A eat may look at * King , " bat a man may not look at one of those flies " that fatten oh the wrnptlon" of the system , without incurring the loss of one rif hfe 1 few arid » eanty meals , and probably getting
the Wwlthole or the solltory cell for three days , with balf a pound « f breaoVand water for his daily fare . The visttln * and Inspecting is , in fact ; » disgnstlng and proTOklngiirte . The «» pssplhgToms" hare only to rrtjort taw N * 1 ttirhed his heed round , No . 2 looked down , No . 3 looked np proudly , No . 4 exchanged X fences with - No ; « , tod N * « shn * his eyes , when ; without enquiry , or farther evidence , sentence takes effect upon « U , —at the least it will be the steppage of their rations for one meal ; and how severe that is , none can tell bat those who have felt the constant gnawingB of hunger attendant upon the starving system . The Visiting Magistrates -visit the governor , notthe , prisoners , and A * 1 * just as likely that the ancient" Jack Sheppard" should , have informed the
autborftfes of his last adventure , as that the Governor of WaKeSoM House of Correction should- report himself guilty of tyranny . The keeper , at times , reads what he calls the t ? Prison Rules , " which make a vast deal to do about cleanUnew i such as bathing and washing every part : of the body once a week , wwhing every morning , and combing tbeir hair , airing Uieir bads and bedclothes , # zc ; the keeping of acaleaand weights in order , that the prisoners may see their bread weighed if they chance to doabt it , « tc Now , I do Affirm , that the whole of these rules are a gross deception upon'the public and those who visit the prison , as not a single one of them is complied with . Eirst , then , as t # washing and bathing once * week , I never had an opportunity of bathing or washing , except four , times ,
whilst iu the prison , and then it was such indecent and pig-like work , that I refuse 4 to go the two last times . The whole of those pig-washings took place in the month * of . July and August , and were performed in the following manner ;—Twenty or tweutyrfour meawere called out , and marched one deep , about six yards apart , to the bathing room ; they were then thrust into * small stone-floored room adjoining , and ordered to rtrip as qaiak as possible , two officers watching them the whole time j they then ran to the bath-room and plunged in , and were immediately ordered out to get their clothes onj drying themsslyes was out of the question , as , although toWBls were : plated in the room , these wore like so many dirty floor cloths , only four or five being allowed to dry 100 or 110 men . The whole
undressing , washing , and dressing , they are obliged to perform in tea minutes . Next , as to washing every morning and combing their hair ; the prisoners proceed from their cells in the Barae order , about six yards apart , into' the wash yard , both sides of which are formed Into a sort of stalls , with a water tub placed in each , i This prevents the prisoners from communicating with each other ; they are not allowed five minutes to strip and wash . Before they get their clothes on , a fellow , -with a box foil of bits of iron , with teeth in , called oonibs , is bawling out and bullying them to be sharp . They are obliged to use this apology as they walk towards another officer , who holds an empty box to receive them , the prisoners not being able to drag it above three times through their hair . So much for
washing and combing . Next , as to airing their beds and bed clothes ; I wonder that the keeper can read this part without laughing , as the prisoners have no chance of airing their beds , at least I had not , the air and light being admitted to my cell through a small hole , about seven inches square , placed about nine feet high ; and although the bed clothes might be crawling with vermin , as they generally are , they have no means of cleaning them ; for , at one time , when I complained to the turnkey , that be had been placing a filthy bed in my cell , he abused me and said it was good enough for me . 1 shall reserve the exposition of tho remaining part of the " Rules" till next week . I am , yours , fee . Geobob White .
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v — - —^ TOvTUE EDITOa OF TUB NORTHERN STA . B . Mr . Ed ? to » , —i have long seen the necessity of the working classes wiping from their characters the name of " drunken mob , " and such like names ; but at this period , I think , there are many reasons why they should become sober , and thereby thinking men . Can those men be called rational , who can waste so much of their hard earnings at the public-house , and by such means impoverish themselves , and strengthen the resources of their enemies ? Can they be called rational , when they will make their homes , their wives , and families miserable , and themselves detested , merely because they will enjoy ( as they say ) their pint and piper Would not the money spent for intoxicating drinks be better applied in clothing themselves , their wives , and fwnHe * , and assisting those of their incarcerated * wthrenr * or my own party 1 am wro , ttmt ifc . - * ould j and , with this impression , 1 beg to have ray name ap-Mndedio the Chartist Total Abstinence Pledge . ^\ I remain , yours , * c , Johr Page , Council of the Brighton National Charter Association . Brighton , Jan . 18 , 1841 .
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CHARTISM AND TEETOTALISM
" A land of slaves shall ne ' er be mine—Bash down that cup of Samian wine I " BTROJf . TO ROBERT FORTH , OF WHITBY . Good Robert , —I have long been a warm admirer of your character and conduct . I think yon set an example in private and public , worthy of general imitation . You have been a humble and hard working man , all your life ; and though you have now fallen into "the sear and yellow leaf , " you still toil , as in your greener days . You follow an honest and healthful employment , and are content to keep yourself back , that you may put your children forward . You have remained in a humble sphere , that you might set them up a degree above you iu social rank .
Your conduct , as a citizen , is not less worthy of commendation , thun as a man , a parent , and a Christian . You are the father of teetotalism in Whitby ; and , ss such , have done more good to men ' s minds , bodies , and estates , than all the paid parsons , or other persons in the town . Tie wed in this light alone , I consider you more respectable than any of your fellow-townsmen—I am sure 1 respect you more . Whenever I see you , I cm reminded ot " Douce Darie Deans , " who , like you , was a milkman ; or , of one of the old Gameronians , who took the hill side , with a Bible in one hand , and a sword in the other . You possess similar sturdy principles , and indomitable resolution ; but , thank God ! you have no occasion to use any other weapon than a tongue of truth .
I quite agree with you , that teetotalism is a moral and religious duty . It is not a matter of indifference , like the totting alone of some meats and drinks ; but is absolutely incumbent upon us . You may eat an egg , or not , and what matter ? but the love of strong drink is an " ungodly lust , " which we ought to deny ourselves , that we may " walk soberly . " And this , not merely for our own sakes ; but for the sake of others . We , are not only to do well ; but to set an example ot well-doing . To do right privately , is to "hide our candle nnder a bushel ; " to do wrong publicly , is to make ourselves a " stumbling-block of offence . " It la , therefore , proper that teetotallers in private should join teetotallers in public , and thus recommend to others that which they have found good for themselves .
Another reason why sober men should exhibit their sobriety is : —Man is weak when left to bis secret self ; he can , not trust to himself alone ; he needs other support than his own ; and , fey joining a public society , he becomes strong in its united strength . The dread of public shame will then fortify his private resolution . But so frail is our virtue , bo much ought we to " take heed how we stand , lest we fall , " that , unless we pray for help from above , we shall hardly keep ourselves , even then , from unconsciously sliding back , i Much has been said respecting the moderate use of think , and whether it be scriptural to abstain totally . If the moderate use leads to the abuse , then the moderate use is , itself , an abuse . Suppose that the moderate man can stop in moderation , —bis weaker brother cannot * , the moderate man thus becomes a snaie to the immoderate , —he causeth his weaker brother to err . But , it will be asked , are we to deny
ourselves a use for the sake of those who make it aa abuse f Is not this the good punishing themselves for the bad ? It may be answered , that , by denying ourselves in such a cause , we enjoy the greater luxury of doing good . It is necessary to remove this superfluity far from us ; because it is a temptation to do evil . "The best way to keep out of temptation is , never to come into it" No wise man will voluntarily tempt himself . The world , the flesh , and the devil , are continually tempting us , and , to yield to their temptation , is to tempt Heaven . Many men have risked their lives , to save the lives of others , and shall we not deny ourselves a baneful luxury , for the sake of bouIs t 8 t Paul was willing to become anathema for his fellow-men ; and no minister of God is worthy the name of a Christian , or even of a man , if he does not abstain from that which profiteth . not , abstain-for the sake of profit to all . Teetotalism is a test of pious Blneerltyv
The Devil , it is said , can quote Scripture to suit his purpose , and there are not wanting drunkards , as much besotted with tlce as with drink , who scruple not to Institute the example of Christ himself , to justify their sins . They say , with his Jew detractors , "The son of man came eating and drinking—behold a wine-bibber I " Why , those very Jews condemned strong drink under the authority of Moses , and Will Christians say , that Christ came not to fulfil , or to establish that law , but to break it , and to abrogate it 1 Supposing that Christ did use wine , law and custom then prevented the abuse of it ; now they sanction , they encourage its abuse , and , hi this altered state of things , Jesus Christ , were he to re-appear on eartb , - would become a teetotaller . To doubt this , is to deny the spirit of Christianity . '
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Some say that this " creature" fa * blessing , and that God wills us to enjoy it along with the good things of the earth . If its mere existence be taken as an evidence of Its intended use , the same excuse wpnld serve for the use of gunpowder , or any deleterious drug . But who will dare to affirm that strong drink , or gunpowder , came from God 1 Their simple elements exist in nature , and are harmless j but man , by art and Invention , has compounded and refined them , into deadly plagues . That art was prompted by the devilit Is a black art—a spirit of evil , not of good . .
We give up nothing essential' to the welfare of mind and body when we give up drink { but something detrimental to both—we cannot call It a sacrifice , or a self-denial . The benefits of Abstinence are not merely of a negative , but of a positive kind . Intbe first place , we cease to do that evil , and then we can learn to do well "Cease drinking and begin thinking . " Omission of what is wrong is a kind of commission of what is right We must not merely ward eff evil—we must also do good . Drink is a positive evil , and negatives all good . It destroys health , temper , business , —consequently , it brings on pain , wretchedness , want ; and these again bring all kinds of multiplying sins and miseries . If an enemy were to inflict on us one half the evils which drink causes , the law would severely punish him ; but we punish ourselves . Alas ! not ourselves alone , but all those who unfortunately are dependent upon us ,
connected with U 3 , or have any relation to us . So destructive to the beat interests of mankind , and to man himself , is this good-for-nothing drink , —so much of the suffering and horror In the world is occasioned , by it , that its makers ought to be punished as capital offenders . But the atate licenses the sale of it—thjB church recommends full measure—public-houses , with- the effigies of the Queen , or the Duke , or other royal and noble patrons , swinging upon gibbets outside , are open almost to promote brntlshness and flendishness ; because the revenue is increased by the sale of the maddening and murdering stuff ! No wonder that our Government is wroth at the Bmperor ot China tor destroying an intoxicating' drug : no vronderthathor Majesty's Ministers tave sent down a fleet to punish him for setting such an example . The sale of poison was " present death in Mantua "—why is it not so in England ?
Let us bo just : the publicans are not the only sinners . Is not iaudaflum more pernicious than ale , and tobacco scarcely least The drinkers of streng drink ore their own enemies ; the sellers of it are enemies to them : the manufacturers are more culpable than the sellers ; and Government , that profits by what it ought to prevent , is the most culpable of ail . Government acts the part of Circe to the nation : it hands a cup of abominations to imbrute men , that it may keep them slaves . Now , Robert , you will perceive , that I am a staunch advocate of teetotalism ; but I do not stop there ; nor will you when you look beyond . As the evils of drunkenness extend beyond the drink itself , its remedy requires something more than teetotalisra . To abstain
from drink Is very well ; but this alone will not procure us what we want That part of a man ' s earnings which was worse than wasted In drink will be more prudently and profitably spent—will be spent in averting those evils which before it was spent to incur . But what are we to nay to those who have no earnings to spend , for this plain reason , that they have no employment ^ -no means of making money ? There are thousands thus lamentably situated . These men must abstain because they cannot obtain ; and must abstain , not from drink only , but from meat aloo . They . niust fast from bothfrom all , and go naked into the bargain . It Is but cold comfert to such to say , " here is a cup of water for
you . '" Supposing that Moses , after leading the Children of Israel through the Wilderness , had told them that they were to drink of the River Jordan , and to be content with that , would they not have looked very blank , and have asked him where was the milk and honey that he hod promised them ? where was the land of Canaan ? It is there—juat across ! Then we will not stay at Jordan ' s brink , but pass through , and take possession of it Teetotallers will be told by those who are really wishful for their welfare , that they must strive for their rights—for the Charter . What Christian , being baptised , will be content with water alone , and not " press forward for the prise of his high calling "f
Therefore , friend Robert , I earnestly entreat you- to take the lead of the teetotallers in Whitby , as of right you ought to do , and adopt the tf tie of "The Chartist Teetotal Society . " Be not ridden by priests , though they have joined yon . You know very well that they are net honest—that they did not come forward at first , nor of their own accord—that they were dragged in by their congregations whom they ought to have led ; and if they now lead , it is not so much for the sake of the flock , as for their own sakes . All consistent teetotallers must be Chartists , for it is bad Government that ea ' tiSM drunkenness—Government , that is both the patron and partaker ., of it Drunkenness more often results from misfortune than frow sin . It is a common
observation , that bankrupts frequently turn drunkards . We must reform the cause , if we expect the effects to cease . Jeroboam was not only a sinner himself , but he * made Israel to sin ; ' and our Government , being a fraudulent usurpation , absolutely forces the land to lie ^ in wlckedneia ,,. " . Jftj ^ j sases , it prevents the chance of obtaining an honest livelihood ; a man must either be a rogue or starva the po « r are baffled , beat , and rendered desperate . / Teetotalism will cripple this wrongful Government ; but it mutt oe joined with Chartism to destroy it' Robert , if you would really be as useful as you are respectable , you will become a Chartist teetotaller . Hoist the banner . of Universal Suffrage , and I will promise you many recruits .
Before I conclude , you will ; pennit me to offer a few observations on the manner of making a convert to a good cause . It lately happened in your Society , that an invitation was sent to your fellow-townsman , Dr . Young , to take the chair upon a festival occasion . The Doctor avowed himself to be a temperance man , but not a teetotaller : nevertheless , as be was not bjected to on this account , he did not object to the invitation , Several persona Were present , who , though not teetotallers , had contributed towards the erection of the Temperance Hall . Having got the respected Doctor into the chair , an attempt was mode to coerce him to become a teetotaller . He naturally resented this , and , so far from complying , he offered to leave the chair , and has since declared that he will never attend another meeting . Now I think that , under the circumstances , Dr . Young did right in giving the required pledge ; but wrong in not coming forward voluntarily to
do so . As a Christian minister , it is more his duty than that of other men . But it must be done willingly , or it is better left undone . St . Paul himself wished every one to be fully persuaded in his own mind , and not to be constrained . When w » seek to make a convert to teetotalism , we are seeking the person ' s good , and we must do it in a kindly and forbearing manner . If it be done harshly , we shall rouse the party ' s fears or his dislike , and , in either cose , we shall unfit him to become a true convert He will fancy that we intend to do him harm , and not good . We must first convince , then persuade ; and if , after all , we fail of success , we must pity the person , but not be provoked at him , nor by him . The proper course would have been to have invited Dr . Young to a discussion . Wine is strong , but truth is stronger , and would have prevailed . I am , Dear Robert , Yours , with sincere respect and regard , John Watuins . Aislaby , January Oth , 1841 .
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ANALYSIS OF THE HAND-LOOM WEAVERS' REPORT .
LETTER IX . Foreign competition is too important a subject to be passed over lightly , and I shall , therefore , devote another letter to an exposition of its effect upon the labour market of England . It is like a two-edged sword , cutting down our trade abroad and at home ; whilst , on the one hand , we find the cotton manufacturers crying out for the abolition of all protecting duties , and all restrictions on commerce ; we find , on ' the other hand , the silk manufacturers ore complaining that their trade has been ruined by the admission of French silks into the English markets , Which are sold bo low , that the home market pf the . Spital , fields , _ . Covent » y , Norwich , and Macclesfleld weavers , i » virtually destroyed , without any hope , save that of cheapening our Government , and an extensive reduction of our general system of taxation , not Corn Laws alone , but all laws that press most heavily upon the Industry of the people .
The introduction of French ailks , or foreign competition , has been one of the principal causes of the great reductions of the wages of our silk weavers—the employers almost invariably assigning that as the reason for every reduction they make in their weavers' wages . For instance , when the duty of 30 per cent upon plain French goods was reduced to 25 , the manufacturers lowered the men ' s prices 16 per cent , taking an unfair advantage of 10 per cent more than the amount per cent of reductions . "Give them an inch , and they take an ell , ' * says the old proverb . The slightest pretext is selaed by unprincipled manufacturers to lower their workmen ' s Wages . " To compete with France would require very extraordinary changes in our system of trade and government , for the French grow the best
silk , have the pick of It , and have laws to prevent the export of this choice silk , besides long standing skill and the . management of scbouls for arts and design . " * To . these may be added the capricious taste and desires of our own ladles to purchase French designs and manufactured goods in preference tothose ' of ourown manufacture , from the empty pride and the false idea that foreign goods are more respectable and . better than the " outlandish designs and vulgar looking silks ' manufactured by the cogged and worthless rabble of Spltalfields , Coventry , ITorwich , and Macclesfield . " The average expence of a Lyonnese weaver ( silk ) for food is about thirty sous Us . 3 d . ) per day ; with this he pays for breakfast , dinner , and supper , and a pint of wine . About 8 s . ftd . per week .
The conpagnon 'the weaver ) who lodges and boards with the master weaver , consumes l £ lbs . of bread , 30 c . ; quarter of a litre ( half a pint ) of wine , 124 c ; dinner , 25 c ; cheese , 10 c ; supper , 10 C—say from 80 to 90 cents ( 8 d . or 9 d . ) per day ; from 4 * . fid . to 5 a . 3 d . per week .
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• ~ . I —^ Compare the above with the net average of the want of the Spltalflelds wearers : — . ^ " ¦ '¦ ¦ - •' : ' . " . '"¦ s : a .. --No . 1 . —Waistcoat velvets ... ... 17 $ , : 2 . —Garment ditto ... „ . 19 »( j ^ 3—Ditto ditto ... ... ii-iattzg 4 . —Ditto ditto ... \ .. ' ¦ & ¦ £$£ * % ft ^ Dvtto ,. ditto ,.. ; , l » ll 6 . —Plain garment silk ,... ... , 7 * &W , 7—Ligbt ; satinAr -.: > ..: . - £ * : : ' Bti&t Plain sarsnets - A ... ,: . ; . . •* Jr * Plain lutes ... ... J . ., / g 8 : Plain lutes ... ... ... , g : j Slight velvets — ... 10 1
Taken altogether , will yield an average weekly wsm to the Spitalflelds weaver of 10 * . DeAuet rents , foe ? candles , loss of tune , abatements , contingencies * , tM see what will bo left for food and raiment It wOTn . quire something more than a teere repeal of the Cora Law * to enable them to compete with the French uan * , facturers . Cheapness of foreign labour Is not onh > consequent upon the cheapness of com , bat of a heUife system of competition amongst the manufacturer similar to that practised hereby our greedy specnUtaq and graspin ? merchants . It is true the lower the price rf provisionsabroad , the fower the manufacturers can sere * down the price of labour—and to this accursed system of screwing , our free tradesmen would reduce the Enjt Hah labourer , with eftttie htavy burdens of taxation national and localstilt Iris shoulders
, « p < m unmitigated ! and , I may say , still hfcreasisg ; for , every trifling ^ duction made in the price of manufactured goodi . when brought into the market , adds bo much mtire fc the holders of fixed incomes . In plain Eoglisij U uZ price of a piece of calico be reduced from fafttWiti * Oueenscivil list will be raised from £ i # iO ( rtf f £ , annum , to £ 940 , 000 . The interest of the NaQoasis Debt will be raised from £ 28 , 688 , 961 to £ 57 , 177 , 321 m and the hereditary pension of thfr v Great Caa ! tain" will be raised from £ 4 , 060 to £ 8 , 000 wj annum , inasmuch as the Queen , the fund holders , aal the great Captain will be enabled to purebastf S double the quantity of calico plocea , with Jtheir-nW . incomes , that they could when tttMNkUco was ' sold i
six shillings thepiece . The Wbtajttttk « f commerce policy , is U force- down -VlumSm ^ 0 ia of fnaaufaX tures , so m to geenre , 'ig . MMplfS the hononr » England as the " great workifie ^ KlBer world , " atoi k supply the habitable globe wttttfl # M » i $ <> f « r » BHtiJ people ; utterly regardless of ilW'jiftWl and pbysiaij condition of-the labourers , an ) f seljAng upon her h . creasing chemical and mechanical . : po * 6 tt > instead rf the manual efforts of the people . This- systemijffai out of a dread of foreign competition , ' Brought abobt {§; the facilities afforded to foreigner * , to import tbi ba # and newest machinery from England ; by the faeilitisg which the paper money system affords to overtrade speculators ; by the bUnd policy . ef our merchanto ^ manufacturers in extending the p ^ rincfplea of f « e tn *
to all parts of the world , befoije they wert ' ptepanil at home to work out those principler ; bythe ^ recfc less mlsgoverament of this country , by the presedt ui former administrations , who fcftw made the landscj serve all the purposes of the * rich , and withheld tf protection from the poor , thereby driving the la&er is seek foreign lands in hopes of Improving their condition by the damnable Malthusian doctrine of "surplus popt lation , " and "emigration , " that drains the country d our pauperised labonren and artisans ; by dur atr * cfo » system of taxation , which necessitates us to enforce ! tariff upon all imports of foreign produce , in onlertt raise the required amount of customers to supply the extravagance of " the powers that be ;* these , and 1 thousand other causes , might be produced to shew froa whence arises this foreign competition . ¦
Let us examine vol . V . upen this subject ; tin evidence of employers and labourers will a » roborate my own opinion upon foreign competHfofc Daniel Howard , manager of Mr . Spencer ' s worta , Patricroft , states : — " The forelgnert manufacture f « themselves and their neighbours ; and , our goods , aft * paying them a heavy duty , must be brought to mark at their prica These duties have been laid on , Itbini , In retaliation for our laying on duties on their comn » dities , particularly the duties put upon com : In SwiJ zerland , they manufacture the same goods as we d » , and in Russia also , which causes our goods to be sold at a lower price , "
Now , r beg you will refer to letter iv ., ( Northern Star , Nov . 14 , ) for a scale of prohibiting duties npon foreign produce ; then you will agree with Howard , tbtt our excessive custom duties excite in the breasts , of tbt foreigners a spirit « f rekdiatio * , and we cannot abotidi them , if we are to keep up such swarms of taxeaUn and gilded idlers . Mr . W . S . Lees , of Middleten , manufacturer , steto : "Our export trade in nankeens , has declined tiimgh the competition of foreigners . They are" now 4 naliaf them in Switzerland , ° Bohemia , and in Silesia . Itm informed they get the same length of cloth wove for four shillings , paid in potatoes , meal , and " o \\ , for whtib we are paying eight shillings in money . They raikt from English twiat , which is dyed abroad . " Yes , English twist , bear that in mind ' , is dyed abroad toa Examine the comparative statement of the amount of twist exported to Germany : — . . ¦
iBir t : ^ m ^ t ^^ ji ^ ti ^ r ^ wd 1827 ... 17 , t 28 J 354 ... ' «• ... l , 416 fl » 1837 ^ . 34 , 273 , 607 ... " •? ± , 2 , 177 , 0 * This will include the yarn sent to Switzerland , Bdbh mia , and Silesia , the countries that are rivaling us is manufactures . Now , bad our greedy manufactniwi kept this yarn in the country , it would have encofr raged our weavers , bleachers , dyers , ¦ printers , awl others concerned in making it ready for the market , and have causad at . least a million of money tot * spent in the country , besides employing . the surpha population . William Dixon , of Wigan , weaver of diaper , et « lei \ " The foreign manufacturer gets his work done cheapr than the English , who cannot , consequently , compels with the foreigner . " V
James Stafford , weaver of shawls , Manchester , statec "I think a higher rate of wages to the weaver , would increase our consumption abroad ,. as well as at horn * The people of England would , owing to such increui of wages , be enabled to consume a larger quantity ef foreign productions . " ; John A . Stewart , weaver > of Ashton , states : " Tb » l the effects of the great influence of foreign labour , with home labour , are very detrimental to the interestaot the hand-loom weavers . " Peter Walker , E ^ q , silk manufacturer , at Patricroft , states : " The exportation of machinery has mainly enabled the foreigner to compete with ' the EngUA machinery . " i
Peter has hit the right mark . I shall devote my next and last letter , exclusively , to the subject of machinery . ' Joseph Rylands , Esq ., manufacturer , of Wfgtt . states s " We were recently adding to our productieU by power , and should do bo to a greater extent , if *• had confidence in the foreign policy of the country with respect to trade . " Whilst the present Corn laws are allowed to exM , and the free exportation of machinery , or its permission for export by order in Council , with a duty on tt » raw materials in the import , and the high foreign d ? t | imposed upon Our manufactures la the export ; then is . danger in investing capital in machinery , toprodaM by power .
Foreign cempetition is not such a bugbear , after til t that we need be alarmed about it Neither is commerce paramount to all other interests . We ban twenty-three millions of people in the United Bin ? dom , one half of whom are neither half clothed nor half fed . Now , let us suppose that each head consumed , upon an average , per year : — Ten yards of calico , at 6 d . per yard ... £ 5 , 750 , 000 Two pair of shoes at 5 s . per pair ...... ll , 500 , fl 00 Two pair of stockings at Is . per Bair ... 2 , 300 , 000 Two hate at 5 s . each ..... ... ........ ll . 50 d . 000 Two suits of clothes , woollen doth , 46 s . the 21 yards 211 , 000 , 000
6?Rtgtna≫ Corrrjefponucnfe ? ¦
6 ? rtgtna > Corrrjefponucnfe ? ¦
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£ 242 , 650 , 000 This is « very low calculation as to our home trad * , but it will serve to shew , when contrasted with soo » forty or fifty millions , declared value , of British «• ports , how insignificant is foreign trade compared with a home demand . If our own people , who pw * duce the whole of these articles for home and foreign markets , were well , nay , properly , decently dad to shirts , shoes , stockings , hats , and clothes ; now much more would it add to our domestic trade , wo how much more profitable would it be to the country at-large , to enable our own people to provide every necessary comfort for themselves , before they supp ly foreigners ? The s&eret is here ; by a domestic trada large fortunes could not be made so rapidly by the ms *
nufacturers . Our infernal paper-money system and banking establishments , by issues- ef " promises to pay , " create a surplus capital , which surplus , or artificial capital , ia employed , principally in exchftnges »«• twixt merchant and manufacturer , and is extensively employed in foreign trade . This capital is only tb « representative of money , and may be properly terme * the floating debt of the ceuntry , and from whicb-proceeM all the mischief arising out of commercial erabamu * ments . With a legitimate home trade , most of tha evils consequent upen foreign trade would be-avoided and solid wealth more equally divided amongst ti » operatives and capitalists ; above all , the humbug abort foreign competition would not distract the manufactur
ing community , or force down the prices of oar manufactures , ; ForelgH * bompetttion ^ wm not bear -a critical examination ; the act of supplytag fowlgnerswith British produce , at the expenaeof the labour of the British people , is very similar to emaneipaUng negrt slaves , by enslaving the people of oni-own connti 7- w * clothe others , we go naked ourselves ; we strike off tw yoke from th « neck of the negro slave , and we place » upon ourown . Lei us clothe ourselves first , and with our surplus clothe our neighbours ; let as tree ourselr then we shall ke in a condition to emancipate other * Freetraders , croakers about foreign compeation ; and slavery abolitionists , are alike , the wont enemies <* the British people .
I shall dose this series of letters with my next , npon the exportation of machinery , to which I wiah yoor most earnest attention . R . J . RlCHAfibSON . * Report of the Coventry Committee .
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• ^^ TWTO Tf / Vl > Tff 1 llRN STAB . I
Brother Jonathan To John Bull.
BROTHER JONATHAN TO JOHN BULL .
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TJETER BUSSEY thanks hU Knenda , who have X -visited New York , for th «* tg |»» onage , and begi to inform them that he is now ^ Bg ^ roprietor of the Hoase No . 2 , Frost Street , NBnfiK ^ i-where his Friends can be Accommodated rftfflfmtfoNji btH oa the mostiUs * on » ble Terms . ' . .- "
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 23, 1841, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct363/page/6/
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