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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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INQUEST AT NOTTINGHAM WORKHOUSE . In consequence of several children baring died in e short space ef time in the "Union Workhouse , Mid information being conveyed to the Coroner . Mr . M . Browne , liat there "Were reasons for belie ting t-eir deaths had beta caused or accelerated by the crowded state of tbe rooms , that gentleman summoned a jury oa Monday afternoon , to bold an icqa . es ; on the boay of one , a cbJJd earned Porter . Some difficulty wii occasioned on the j ary entering the dea . i-housa , in consequence of the bodies of three children being there , and it cot being known -which was the right one . Oa their return to the board room , the following evidence wls heard : —
E ' . zibeth Toiler , an inmate of the poor house , single-¦ woman , ssil , I have lived in the woikb ^ use going fw eight months , and I am the mother of Kobert Purter . the deceased . He was six months old . last Saturday , Kid had pretty good health . Last Wednesday but one he r * gan to be ill . He had a Tcry bad cough and a staffing at his chest . 1 Applied to Sir . Sianger , the doctor , on the day the child was v&ke : i ill . The child w « -under Mr " . Stanger ' B care until la-t Monday nigtt , when be died st ten o ' clc-ck- I perceived the child to be ill first in the ni ^ ht time . I -was sleeping in the top tinglewomin ' sroom in a little hospital-bed . Thai is a narrow bed . No one Blept in the saaia bed bnt I and my lafcy . There were mure beds in the room , sevrn big ones , and two little ones . In the big beds four
persons slept in each , and in the little , ones two . When I say fonr persons in a bed , I mean two woman and two children . 1 -was ordered into the children ' s sick hospital , and remained there from the -day the child was taken ill until it died . L had slept in the top sinelewoman ' s room eTer sines I came oat of the lyingin room until the child was taken ill I had been in the bottom room in the day time ; that is at the bottom of the steps leading up to the bedrosm . Then have been 107 and lj ' 8 women and children in ttat room at once . I think there were ISO persons in that room the mornirj ; my child was taken ilL That was the room in which I generally passsd my time when not at work . That -wa » the only room I Lad a right to be in during the day time . When I was at -work a woman nursed
the child in the room until it was taken ill . I have no complaint to make of the medical attendant I have been allowed to be with the child constantly since it i was t ^ ken iil The numbers have varied very c ^ sider- I ably in fae bottom room , sometime ^ twica as many as I at other time * . I can give no idea at ail as to the i average number * in the room . We were generally j pretty thick in the room . Sometimes many of us had ! not room to sit dewn . That was sot a very common j thing . The room was cleaned every morning , and kept i swwi and clean . The windows are always epsn , and the air I tliink was pretty good in the room . The child j has never been absent from me a minute sizes it was I born excect when 1 was at work . The child had had a !
bad CL-ngh sad hoarseness About a month . / Gr ^ or ^ s Elton Stanger . of Nottingham , said , I am one ! of the surgeons attending the Nottingham Union . I I attend np * n the children ' s hospital in the Union Poor I House . Robert Porter was under my care . The earliest ! date I find , of his being under my care is Friday , the ! 26 th of November I believe fi . m the entry I made in '; the book that he was labouring under some affection of j the chest I ordered him to hare an emetic , and to i be removed into a separate apartment with a fire in it i There -were several cMLlren st : acked at the same time . I I am Ett sure that he -was resioTcd on the Friday . I i believe that he was on the Sunday . He has been 1 imdeT my care ever since . He has been labouring under i inflamiBaaon of the lungs , and I believe from that he !
-ftm died . I occasionally go into the sm ^ lewon : sa ' s day i room . I believe the children ( infarts of singlewomen ) ! sre kept there . That room has been a ro&d deali frowded of late . Tie per-ona in that room open tfce ; windows to counteract the effects of the confined air , ! and the drafts from those wisdows 1 think very likely ' to originate inflammatory affections . I should not say ; feat the sir in that room is partlcnlarly bad . I b&- j Here it ia habitable . - I have been in the singlewomen ' s sleeping rooms . If as many as thirty women and chil-: dren were stepping in thit room , I conceive it would j not be in a healthful sf-. te . I do not recollect ever beinf in that room durirs the night A child might , be labouring Tinder sa irfiaaunitory action of the | bronchial tabes for some time without any particular , ' notice being taken of it by the parent Supposing a child to be labouring under sach iiflimmatery action , ; and living in * he low room during ! the day and the : it
¦ inglewoman ' s room during the ni £ ht , I t ^ uik would ' mate it worse . I msy stst ; , that I thiti in this case , ; us well es otheis 1 had at the time , the weather hai a great deal to do with producing disease . Dr . Davidson , ( the honorary physician for the week , saw the child on j Sunday week . The hospital to which the child was re- ' moved is a very St place for the receDtipn of a limited j somber of sick persons . It was inside as comfortable [ -as tircuiBstancee would allow . We had more in it ' than we ought to have had , We had several persons ! there during the day who slept in the other rooms \ during the * i . gh * . Supposing the child had been labour- ! ing under low ii fl .-. minatory action of the lungs for a month before I saw it , I believe the ii . ninimation ¦ would have been increased by the vitiated air of the \ lower room during the day , aiid the sleeping room during the night I conceive the vitiated air of the ' joemsand the state of the -weather-were both con- ' § t f - j
, , ^ ^^^ r m ^ H ^* H ^ ^^ m ^ ** Mr ^^^^•^ r- ^ ~^ ^ ^^— ^ ^ - — — — — — , csrned fn prodticicg disease in the child . I do not , know that it had been exposed to the atmosphere . I "know that the chilS has be-jn in the lower and upper j rooms , and the state of the atmosphere would affcot : tile air in tfeoae rooms . Daring tie uiifavocrable state ] of tfc « weath « for several weeks past , 1 think a month , ] I can most cotfider tly state my opinion , that the upper ¦ "room , the single » tman ' s sleeping rojm , and the lower or day room , were not fit for the number of persons who were in them . I was not in Nottingham a month : ago , I returned en the 22 ad of November . 1 know the rooms Well J do not know the dimensions of the rooms . For the las ; week or ten days I consider they have been in a verj unhealthy state . I have
mentioned to the Bosrd of Giardians that the house was not in a healthy state before the child died . "Thai vas more psiticulariy as to ths children's apartments , wheie this child was not . There has been a very considerable diminution in the numbers since then ^ which is about ten days ago , and a great improvement in the healthy state ef trie conee . The Jower room I have spoken ut is appropriated to single women who have children , » nd I believe a great psrtion of them go out of that room to Wferk in different pai ts of the house . 1 consider that the latter part of the year , since the number of inmates has been increased , the house has been . anhealthy ; but connderinic tlie number of persona in the house in the earlier part of the year , I eonsidtr &e bouto was very healthy . " I consider the house was in a very healthy Btate for a great many months ; I cjnsidered it very healthy . Diseases of the chest are very prevalent at this time of the year . It is not uncommon for children
o die of the game disease who are not in the house . 1 think fnat twenty-five persons mighi be in the lower room and healthy ; it would depend on circumstances . If it w ^ re well washed and clean , as it is , it would be healthy , I think . 1 certainly should hesitate to give an opinion , that the state of toe air in the house produced the disease or death of the child . I think the opening the windows of the room would make the air In it more pure . I do not know that any death has been the result of the state of the house . I think the necessity for opening the windows in this weithcr is a proof that the air in the room was not good . It is rather remarkable , that 1 have had . I thii ; k , eighteen cases of disease similar to what tUs child has died from , in the house , whilst in the district to which I attend out of the house , during the same tiina , I ba-re not had more T > " » " two or three . I cannot account foi it any other way than that the state of tha house must have a rood deal to do with it
John Mitchell Dividson , M . D , Nottingham , said , I mm one of the honorary physicians tu tl . e Nottingham Poor Law Union . Last Sunday week , I saw severnl children in the children ' s hospital ; it is a room lately appropriated for that purpose . I must say , that 1 never , in the course of my professional" life , saw a more distressing sight—so many infanta iunder twelve moDths old ) sick , congregated together . 1 fouu 4 the room close and offensive . 1 cannot bay the present number of children ia the room . 1 think i have never attended in institution where there were so many children as in tha bouse . I think decidediy ilia ; ttn mothers and children in that room too many ; all the children to whom my attention was direetc-d were labouring under inflammatory action of the cheat , especially of the
bronchial mucus membranes , accompanied m every case with great general prostration of strength , so as to preclude tX that time the use of active remedies . 1 consulted with Mr . Staager as to the treatment advisable under the drcumstanees . I expressed an opinion that the fl jmw -which I saw was increased by the circumstances voder which the children kad been placed , rendering it more intractable . Children living in an impure atmosphere , bear t » i « ^ »« worse , and bear remedies worse-I then told Mr . Stangtr , that I considered the medical treatment admissible in their state was of a very limited extent ; that a purer atmosphere was the best m « dicine for them . 1 have seen some of the children since . 1 know the single women ' sday room ; I have frequently been in it I think 1 never was in it without finding
too many persons there ; it was so to-day , when a number of women were out , and at the workhouse . I know the single women's deeping room . I have been in it repeatedly . I think fifteen women and fifteen children too many to sleep in that room , f » r it to be in a healthy itate . I never have known that room when there have been ae few sleeping in It us to render it safe . I have been a honorary medical officer about a year and win months . I have frequently been in th » rooms of ths bouse—I mean the two rooms , the single women'B flay and sleeping rooms . Laiurly , I have not considered them healthy ; sometimes I have considered thsm remarkably htafthy , considering the drcunisUnct * .
If a child of si menths oM or under , were to spend its time during the day in the single women's day-room , and sleeping at night in the single women ' s sleepicgtoom , 1 do not consider it likely that it wonld be in a healthy state . I consider it oxicg , in a great measure , * o the great care and cleanliness , that they have been so healthy as they have . A child living in those rooms would be rendered more susceptible of disease from « cpocore to the sudden changes of temperature , because its general strength would be impaired . Fr »> m what I aw of the children on Sunday week , I was not at all surprised to hear of the deaths vt those who have died ; they ieiepaie aud gasping for fereatb . I d-j not say th » j ^ the atmosphere 4 t the ooms produced the diseases
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but I thiuk the children would be more liable to be acted upen by atmospheric changes , as well as leas able to boar the disease , and on that account I suppose the tate of the atmosphere in these rooms may have had some operation in the child's death * I think several circumstances have lakly contributed to render , those roams unhealthy ; the crowded state of the house ; the state of the weather , confining the people to the rooms , and tending to keep th « windows and other means of ventilation closed . I am decidedly of opinion that ihe * e causes have had an effect , as I am enabled to « ee from my professional friends , there aw not been anything like the same proportion of cases , similar to cheie , amoBgst children at the breast in print * prietioe . It has always been my opinion that I b * ve found the rooms in too crewded a state . I am » - » are the number in the bouse has been considerably reduced , and 1 certainly consider the room less unhealthy . . ;
Absalom Barnet , master of the Nottingham Union poor-house , » id , I have just measured the 'single woman ' s day-room ; it is eighteen fee * long , by sixteen . feet wide , sod about ten feet high ; the sleeping room is sixteen feet long , by sixteen feet wide , and about ten feet higc . ' ,, Verdict— " Died in the « aid Union poor-home , from inflammation of the chest ; and that the said Robert Porter appears to have been rendered aoxe susceptible of disease , and loss able to bear the application of active remedies , when under disease , ffoni having lived in certain rooms in the said Union poor-house not adapted to the reception of the numb ** of-persons required to live and sleep tberein ; - sad this inquest strongly TeooBimend immediate steps to be taken , to prevent a recurrence of death from the caows which have accelerated the death of the said Robei t Potter . "
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have had : from him . . This i » a commsn occurrence abont Mlddleton and the neighbonrbod . Many travellers have giv « n up the trade-j-ihefr once good customers now impoverished ^ their purchases very small , and bad debts tendering the trade a ruinous one to &aose « Bgage 4 in ik ; -. '' ., .. ; ¦ . . Shopkeepers and Provision DEAtras . —1 . The ¦ quantity of meal sold in proportion fr > the flour is mueh greater than it used to be . balf a , dcz ; n or three or four years ago . Sells rauoa less of cheese'and sugar , and not more than two-thirds of Ws former sale ; and not more than half tbi > tobacco . The quantity of malt is redoeid td one-third of his sale 1 n better times . Debts cannot be paW ; many honest and industrious customers have debts ' standing over iOl rimes mend .
2 . More meal in proportion to the flour sold now " than a few year ^ ago . His customers buy half a pound or a pound of meal at once , a » , they are able . Mneh . leas tea soldr sugar one-half less ; tobacco one-third less . New Jbntier not m « ch bought ; old cheaper ; often none used . In cheese the reduction is , one-half . Bread sold in pennyworths commonly ; all the common article ! of food , told now in very amaJl quantities . Debt * standing crver till , better times . Only seUs one load of malt where he used toseU four . Boy came for three half peony jwocths of meal in rags ; , family of seven , sober and indBstrLous ; at most wages witb full w « rk Us . to 12 » per week ; father 7 a . or 8 i , two boys earn 4 s , with setting cards . Only one bed for seven persons ; no hope of improvement .
3 . Doable quantity of meal and coarse flour sold ia proportion to the whole ( jaantity for bread . Customers who used to buy a pound of Bugor . now bay a pennyworth , or a quarter of a pound for twopenee . Tea sold in quantities as small n half a quarter of an ounce , for a halfpenny . Butter as low as a halfpenny or a penny ; ba « on » penny , or a snorter ol a pound for twopence .- Four or five in a family flenrt for balf » n oatcake , worth one halfpenny , with bits and scraps of bacon , worth a halfpenny or a peony more . Meal sells most in quantities of one pound- each . Only sells half as much cheese &a formerly , a n * of a lower quality At breakfast and dinner hours many come in for a halfpenny er a penny worth of bread . . Debts cannot be collected . Knows that many of his customers ore short of food ; hears many a eurse as tbo destituts parfiwith their last coin for half a meal for themselves and their cbiMreD . Wisb «* Sir Robert Petflirigkt stand fa * fair shop for one day , and will gladly let a » y gentlema * do bo who doubts any part H this statemeat <
BrrcHKRS , SKrMNHR * , ahd Ti ^ mERS . —EsUnvate that four years ago 180 beasts were killed weekly in the parish of Rnchdale '; now not more than 65 to 70 an ) killed . Sheep and pigs much fewer . Poor pieet »» eagerly bought ; good joints difficult of sale . Customers buy a pennyworth or two-pennytferth of bits of suet or steak . Cannot fray more . The condition ' sf the population very mush worse tiso four yeanago ; . IH 3 V-EJ 9 AEY . —The reports of the Bispens&ry exhibit a yery serious increase of the number of applicants for medical assistance . In 1-885 the
applicantsware 1 , 800 , and in 1840 not less tha » 2 , 444 . The Oood Samaritan Society exhibited . the same symptom * of distress . In the three years ending 1 & 37 , the numbers relieved were 607 , white in the three years ending ; I » 4 tKhey had increased to 963 s and the imrease of expenditure in 1 « 41 over-that of 1835 , was- £ 1 , 322 , or 115 per cent . The Poor-rates in Scotland fcawnship in-1835 were £ 4 . 638 , while in Is 4 « they amounted to £ 0 , 332 . Toe committals by the Magistrates had increased ra the three dear years , a * compared j with the three cheap years , by 502 cases , or 67 per J cent i
The wages in the cotton trade are now coming down , and thisdecline is already from It to 15 per cent , within a few months . Many persona are unem- ; ployed , and there is no- prospect of any change fur the better . . ' ; Sobg £ On's Oriwiea . —We , Uut undersigned , areof opinion that , owing to tbe high price of food and want ot employment , tbe labouringdaese * ip > ibe borough of Rochdale and its neighbourhood are now suEering great and increasing privations . That they an in great num- J bees unable to obtain -wholesome food sufficient , quun- I tity W maintain them in health , and thus th « y are pie- j disposed to disease and rendered « nable to . resist iU j attacks . That ufftctions aud diseases of the akiii , witb I
many others , are caused by a poor supply of food , and by innutritions food , and that maay cases of appalling diatress and suffering come alaiottdaily under owr notice . In these Toeptcts the population amongst whom w « practice are in a much worse position now that they were five or six years ago ; and that , for three years past , their condition has been gradually sinking , aad ¦ we never knew them in so bad a state at any former period . T . H . Wardletvohth , Robert Bvker . Okoboe Morris , Walter Dun lop . Rochdale . Dec . 13 th , 1841 .
PRESTON . Although Preston has not suffered to the same extent as many other manufacturing towns , yet , ss evidences of tbe deterioration of its trade and the sufferings of tbe people , I present you with the following statement on which y « u may rely . Last year the collectors of poors' -rates returned the unoccupied houses as 1 , 230 . Although they have not quite finished tbe delivery of tbe tickets fur tbe present half-year , they stated tbat there will be at lenst an additional 400 houses empty , « o tbat we have now upwards of 1 , 600 houses without tenants . [ It would be difBcult to state with certainty the number of persensoutof work . Last spring an anti-Corn Law petition was signed by 1 200 ot this class . The number I am certain is now more than doubled .
Last year tbe cost of maintaining the poor was higher than in the previous years , but the ont-rellef is now 55 per cent and the in-door relief 41 per cent more than at this time last year . Even young men , skilled artisans , are begging every week for admission into the workhouse . The number of patients admitted into tbe Preston Dispensary not only shows the increase of sickness among tbe poor , but plainly points out the periods of cheap food as decidedly favourable to health : — Number of cases : —In 1832 , 2 . 481 ; 1833 , 2 , 267 ; 1834 , 2 , 400 ; 1835 , 2 . 308 ; 1836 , 1 , 910 ; 1837 , 2374 ; 1838 , 2 , 293 ; 1833 , 2 , 431 ; 1810 , 3 , 072 ;
1841 , 3 , 978 . The bills of mortality for the parish show , that while the baptisms havo increased in about the same ratio as the population , the burials are more than double the number in 1840 compared with 1841 . The increase of mortality is seen from the following returns for Preston for the four years since the new registration was introduced : —Number of deaths—1838 , 1 , 269 ; 1839 , 1 . 277 ; 1840 , lf 739 ; 1841 , l , 72 fi . The following account of the number of casas tried for felony at the Preston sessions from 1831 tol 841 , clearly mark tbe cheap and dear yean in their influence n » on criiiie : — In the year 1831 , 248 cases ; in 1832 , 224 cases ; in 1833 , 198 cases ; in 1834 , 249 canfs ; in 1835 . 1 C 8 cases ; in 1836 , 187 cases ; in 1837 , 277 cases ; iu 1838 , 308 cases ; in 1835 , 328 cases ; in 1840 , 3 G 6 cases ; in 1839 . 366 coses : in 1841 , 421 cases .
This increase has been principally from those residing in the town , as will appear from the following : — Cases of Felony from Preston . In the year 1835 , 18 ; 1836 , 27 ; in 1837 , 84 ; in 1838 , 108 ; in 1839 , 112 ; ia 1840 , 100 ; in 1841 , 144 . This alarming increase is attributed by some to the increase of dram-shops , concert-rooms , &c , but when I consider the great increase of churcheB , chapels , schools , nd moral institutes , which ought to be in their counteracting ir fluence , I cannot help attributing much of this increase to the want of employment ^ caused by the pressure of the times , and which always falls fiist upon he idle and dissolute .
The wages of spinners have been reduced this year about ten per cent , with a probability of a still greater reduction . The wages of the weaver fell twenty-five per cent , during the present year . Some manufacturers have closed , and many others are regularly reducing the number of their bamlB . Weavers are wandering about and -willing to take work at any price . Every body's spirits are down ; the shopkeepers are complaining bitterly , and the small farms in tbe neighbourhood , owing to bad seasons and heavy taxes , are fast sinking into ruin . A subscription has been raised ,
seup , meal , clothing , and bedding are being given to the poor . I visit tbe bouses of toe poor every week , bat to give you a description of the poot living and the miserable furniture ( if such it can be called ) , of the wretched bedding , of the amount of human wretchedness and misery which I find amongst them , would exceed all belief unless it were witnessed . I took the Rev . Mr . Spencer and J . Curtis , Esq ., when here , to see some of these cases , and they seemed astonished at the scenes of human misery , as well as Christian patience exhibited by these poor people .
Owners 11 cottage propeity can scarcely get any rent , and distress sales are frequent I asked one of the collectors to give me tbe returns of the amounts of some of his distress sales . He handed me the following statement of the gross sums received at thirteen different sales within the last two months : — 1 st , £ 1 lls . ; 2 nd , 11 s . 2 ^ cU ; 3 rd , £ 2 8 » . J 4 th , 34 . 4 jd . ; 5 th , 148 . 2 d . ; 6 Ui , 8 s . Sjd . i 7 te , 12 s , 6 id . ; 8 th , 7 a . 4 d . ; 8 th , 2 s . 8 d . ; 10 th , 12 a . 3 d . ; 11 th , 7 * lOjd . ; 12 th , 13 s . Id . ; 13 th , 6 s 3 d . It may be necessary to explain that the sale which produced £ 2 8 s ., was in tbe case of a small shopkeeper . When it is considered that the miserable bedding and furniture of a whole family will not fetch more than £ 2 8 s ., 2 s . 8 d ., or 3 s . 4 d ., or scarcely in amount to more than 20 s . can we wonder at the Depression of the borne market ?
Indeed we are in a dreadful state , and although apparently as quiet as dtrath , the feeling of disaffection is rapidly progressing . Our sinking in morals is not less rapid than that in reference to our physical condition . J . LlVESET . Pmton , Deo . 15 , 1841 . OSWALDTWISTLE , IN THE PARI 8 H OF WHALIET . Population 6 , 500 . There are 1 , 177 individuals , consVitnting 243 families , whose average earnings per week are Is . Sid . No account was taken of any family where
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the earnings amounted to or exceeded 2 s . per week for each individual , and a great number were just over tbat limit : * ' : V ¦' .. ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ : ¦! ¦ ¦ ¦<¦ . ;¦ ¦ •• •• • - .: ' v "" - ' ¦ . ' ! -. /• ¦ '¦ - The general destttutfou is great In some cues the visitors found only on « bed . for ten persona , without a particle of covering , and in many Uutancea , four , five , and six bad to occupy one bed , with nothing to throw over them , A great many whose earnings are more than is . are almost entirely destitute of beds and clothing ; . ? V " . ' . " - . ;¦¦' : ! - ' " . ' - '¦ " : ' ¦ ' ' ^ : H = - - i Th ' e scenes of misery , destitution , and , wretchedness which the , viittora have wH ' nessed , they would hope are without a parallel , and there appears at present no prospect of any amendment , but fear tbat even the small pittance which many are enabled to obtain will be yet further reduced . ' ¦¦ - --- ' ••
About £ 280 have been collected , in aid of the suffering poor of the district Sir Robert Peel owris'land in the parish from which he draws in rent about £ 2 , 000 a-yeur . I understand tbat be bas gives tbe " princely " donation , from the above sum of £ 20 towards the relief of tbe poor . , . December lfith , 16 « . Glossop . —Since 1836 the reduction in wages has been on spinning 25 per cent , on card-room hands 12 per « ent , on power-loem weaving 14 per cent . With regard to the numbers employed , only one part of the
neighbourhood has as . yet been taken , fBut , fudging from tbe one that has been taken , I should say that , the number of unemployed in the manor is about 700 , ' The number of mills not working ia 13 . . On account of the badness of trade there is no ' building going on , and all masons , joiners , * c . » iu the neighbourhood are out of work . Bat bow there is a great number of houses' oninhabited , and the depression of all binds , of property Mas been very great I think I may safely say that ttiore is not a single spJnner ^ or manufaeturer who is not carrying on his fcuslnesa at a loss , and in many cases & very great one .
BtDB . A reduction of the wages of factory hands to the araosnt of 12 per cent bas taken place te the last two year * . In and adjoining . Hyde , factories . lie * etofo » e employing 1 , 700 hands are entirely stopped , and others emplO 7 f » g 4 , 000 baad $ are working only fVur days a week . 'Almost all tbe carpentets , moBoos , bricklajers , raachlwh-inakeri , and many ' otlfer arBuns and coinrnon labourers' are Buffering from want of employment , There are six eott » h ; factories and one-print works'not work-, tag . Crime h&a considerably ibcteased . All ihe miwHfactnrera have been obliged to work their machinery
with fewer Bandfi . and have disetnarged eve ^ y / person with whowthey conia-pwsibly dispense . TrlaBywork' peopie ' wiba- bod bulls cottages have- been pbHged' to- salt them . Einigratlon is gong- oh m 6 * e extensively from this neighbourhood than at any former period . Many of the steadiest and most skilful operatives ate included amongst the-emigrants . Hyde , untii lately , haabeen remarkable far being one ot the most proBperona mauufaeturing districts ; but there is now a marked differeuce in tbe comforts anil appearance ot the inhabitants , and tho distress among the working classes ia rapidly increasing . '
HAMLJII ^ J « D SUBUM& OP 1 PPSSI . BT . Population , S-, 000- ; houses , l » , 550 ; ttnoeoupied hoHoes , li 4 »; mills workings 87 ; pnrtialJy working , 6 ; entirely istopped , 8 ; worlting full time , 7 ; woTlring short time , 22 ^ . bands employed , 2 . 800 ; bands uuetftployed , 458 ; Wages . —The decrease In the wages of cotton hands during tbe last ten years is 2 & per cent The decrease in the wages of woollen hands for the same time i » 4 & percent Condition . —The want of eniployment , and the general working » f short time , eause tbe district to be , in a very deplorable state . There are many families in'the "deepest distress . Shopkeepers and . tradesmen of all kinds cry out most bitterly ; complaints are uuivei--Bally prevalent , aad prospects for the' future exceedingly dark and gloomy , and altogether things seem ¦ bo be on a fearful system of the- downward' " sliding ssale . "
BURY . Wages paid by Wages paid by R . Walker , Smith , Walker & Brother , and Co ., ma- engineers and bon ¦ ohine-mekers . fonnders . - Total . 183 * .. * ¦ . „ ... £ 22 i . & 39 £ 23 . « 4 £ 45 . 543 1837 16 , 774 19 914 „ . 36 6 ST 1838 .... 20 . 365 27 , 200 47 , 565 . 1839 ... 14 21 * 25 . 784 40 , 00 a ' 1840 . 11 , 124 17 . 709 . _ 28- 83 S 1841 . 10 , 546 .... 13 , 258 ......... 23 . 804
The wages for the last few weeks have only averaged £ 350 a week , with every prospect of a still further falling cff . The only alteration in the rate of wages is amongst the mechanic * , but tbat will eot amount to more than five per cent , upon the present gross payments . Tho roachine-mdking establishment bas been almost entirely employed in making self-acting mules , or altering old mules so as to work upon tbat principle . LEIGH . Tbe greater part of the working population is employed In silk weaving , and the wages paid are nominally tbe same as in 1830 , but since that period the trade has experienced numerous and great depressions , during which heavy deductions have been made
from the wages of weavers . The cotton weavers employed have had their wages reduced abeut 30 to 25 per cent since 1836 , and they now receive 5 s . for weaving a description of cloth for which 30 s . were regularly paid to 1816 . An able-bodied and clever workman does not earn more than 5 s . per week in this branch . It is calculated that there are 3 , 000 looms out of employment during the last three months , and perhaps about 4 , 000 employed in the silk trade . The cotton weavers of the district have been little more than half employed for the two years previous te last October , sines when they have been Boraewhat better employed , though not fully , and great numbers have given it up altogether . The bands in four factories are fully employed , and in the remaining five about half employed .
The following are the amounts paid on account of the poor ' s-rates since the formation of tbe Leigh Union ;—Tbe last three months in 183 a £ 1 . 415 1839 ...... 3 . 772 1840 ...... 4 674 The first nine months in 1841 . 3 . 597 There are two cotton factories unemployed . In consequence of the scarcity of work , tbe low rate of wages , and the high price of provisions , a subscription to the amount of £ 400 bas been raised in the township for the relief of the most destitute ; and from toe reports of the vistors employed , it appears tbat the people are in a atate of greater wretchedness than they have been in since the year 1826 .
WIOAN . The handloom weavers have been reduced since the year 1835 from 7 s . to 5 s . per piece . The power loom weavers have been reduced in a similar proportion to the mule spinners and rcelers , as will be explained below . The cottou spinners' rate of wages has not varied much for the last six years , except among reelersaod mule spinners , whose wages have been reduced one-fifth . With four exceptions , the mills in the town are now working only four days a week ; consequently , reducing the operatives one-third for want of full employment . The colliers in Wigan and tbe neighbourhood , in the year 1835 , got 6 a . 8 d . for getting three tons of coals . In the present year 1841 , they get 7 s . foi getting seven tons sixteen cwt of
coals , and there is now more difficulty in getting the coals than there was in 1835 , owing to tbe depth of the pits , and tbe accumulation of water and inflammable gas . 795 families have been visited , comprising 3 , 780 Individuals ; of these 1 , ? 23 are under twelve years of age ; of the remainder , at least , one-third are entirely unemployed , another one-third wholly employed , and the other one third only partially employed . At a fair computation by persons compttant to form an opinion , at leaat , one-half of tbe population consists of labouring persons , of whom one half are wholly unemployed . The amount of poor ' s-rates for the last six years : — Upon an assessment of £ 34 , 930 , the annual average rate levied for the years 1836 , 1837 , and 1838 , was £ 3 , 493 15 s . 6 d . In 1839 , a new assessment was
mode , and upon the new assessment of £ 47 , 712 , tbe rate levied for the year 1839 was £ 4 , 771 15 s 6 d : in 1840 it w _ s £ 5 . 464 ; and in 1841 it bas already been at £ 8 , 742 . There are seven mills at present not working and notice bas been given this week for the stoppage of another in a fortnight . The largest engineering establishment fa tbe town has commenced partially working four days per week . There are upwards of 260 persons employed at this establishment . Tbe people , although in great distress , and in too many instances , positively starving to death , appeared to enjoy momentary consolation from the very fact of persons being appointed to inquire into and sympathise with their suffering . The persons vltited consisted of hand-loom weavers , factory operatives . eoal-niiners , artisans , and others , all of whom ,
witb tbe exception of a trifling few , obligingly gave the required information . The number of families visited were 795 , comprising 3 , 780 individuals , 1423 of whom are under twelve years of age , about one-third of tbe remainder are without employment ; the other twothirds , some of them wholly , and others pattially employed , unitedly , average in their weekly earnings , with parochial relief inoluded , and rent deducted , £ 279 7 s 7 d , which divided , will give each individual tbe sum of is . o ^ d per week fot food , clothing , candlea , fuel , no » p , fee ,, or which , laid out in good bread at its now exorbitant price , would purchase only 7 } lbs . per week , or scarcely lib . 2 oz . per day for each individual , leaving nothing for other food , clothing , fuel , tea , coffee , or any other article , necessary . This ram pear head is not equal in amount to the average cost of
each pauper throughout tbe Poor Law ; Unions . Out of the whole number there are 1 , 159 whose average income varies from sixpence to one shilling per head per week , and net more . Desirous of eliciting every information connected with the manner in which tbe working people live both by night and by day , it was found tbat 1 , 104 persons slept three in a bed ( If such it could be called ) , 712 fonr in a bed , 200 five , 156 six , and 66 seven and eight in a bed , while a very many poor creatures were met witb who bad neither bed nor bedding , nor anything but the bare floor to lie down upon when nature became exhausted . Nineteen-twentieths of the materials termed " beds" and "bedding" cannot properly be , said to have claim to such like terms , being nothing m « re in tbe majority of cases than old straw , chaff , shavings , or some other such like materials , held
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together by coarse wrappering , without either blankets , sheets , or coverings of any kind , and in many instances where there war covering , it was only a piece of Coarse calico' pieces . Some 'had sold , and others pawned all they could spare , even to their beds and bedding , to procure food for themselves and famishing children . However unnatural it may appear , it is nevertheless true , that In some dwellings old age , youth , and infancy ; six , seven , arid eight in number , of both sexes , are obliged to huddle , indiscriminately together in eiuj bed , for want of means to provide better accommodation . Several hundreds of families , both parents and children , have no change of clothes of any description , the linen of both , men , women , and children , bas to be washed © n the Saturday
night , tbe parties having to remain entirely destitute until it is dried . Hundreds also complain of their inability to attend their respective places of worship on the Sabbath day , for want of decent clothes to appear in ; while many , after relating tbe appalling difficulties under which they laboured , wished "The Almighty , might terminate their sufferings before Mlorn' {» g . ' - Ii several houses , during our visit is the afternoon , the children were crying most piteOusIy , and in reply to a question for their » o doing , it ; was . stated they were crying for bread , not harving tasted any kind of food that day . - Some of tbe dwellings contained scarcely anything but the bare wall ?; in niany . of this description , there being no seats or any kind of fur ' nUnte , we were obliged to write standing with our books upon our knees .
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BEAUTIES OF ENGLISH , tiW . .,. : , On tbe 5 th of February last , there Was published in the Shrewsbury Chronicle a paragraph , in which Mr . Fauntletfoy . a wool-merchant of Bermondsey , was stated to have suffered a heavy loss , from having been induced to give goods to a person earned Howell , engaged in the woollen trade at Ltanidtoes , which were afterwards obtained by the party by whom the character was given . Tbe name © f the individual who gave the character was not statedlv the paragraph , but on the 12 th February the attorney « f Mr . Jones , a banker at Llanidloes , sent an affidavit to- the -Shreicsbaryr Chronicle , to the effect tbat his clleafewas tbe party alluded to in the paragraph . On tne 4 th of March , Jones , through his attorney , demanded the name of the penren who forward ©* the
original paiag » pb for publication , accompanied by a suggestion that if a statement we * e inserted to the effect that tbe editor " had inquired'into the > sccusatfoh against Jones , an * found it false" this might en * all further proceeding * After s 6 m £ correspondence , the uame of the writer of the paragraph was communicated to Jonesr and in the-Shrewsbury CSronirfcof the 12 tb of March appeared th » following retractation : —r" As some persons seemed to imagine that tne statement * intae paragraph of the 5 th of February-apply to Benjamin Jones , Es ^ i , banker , llanidloee . wo have made Inquiry , and are authorised fey state tbat not fcbe- slightest
imputation Wit * on that gentleman . We are glad to give this decided- contradiction . " On the- day that this contradiction appeared , tbs writ in the action was issued . Tbe trial was appointed to take place in London in June last , aad for eighteen days tUe plaintiff . and his attorney and witnesses ,, and ' the witnesses of . the defendant , were kept there at enormous expence , and dismissed without the causa being tried . Tbe plaintiff then caused a special jary to be summoned to try the cause , and all the witnesses on both sides- had again to ' be token te London , where , on Friday , the 3 rd instant , the cause was tried , and' one farthiny damages were given . ,
The plaintiff applied to ms Lordahip to certify , in order to hav « his cos t * ; but Lord THsxtroato « aid he did not consider this a case which required a certificate . The Shrewsbury- Chronitle gives the following estimate of the plaintiff "s costs : — EXPENSES OF WLTNESaES , it , ON Ttt » 3 IS 3 O ! TRIAL , IN JUNE . JOWE 9 V . WATTON . Owens , solicitor , 18 days , at two guineas a-day . _ 37 16 0 Travelling txpecsee , 186 miles , atr Is . a mile up > M . .... ... 9 6 0 Ditto , down -. ... _ - 9 6 . 0 Pryce , manufacturer 15 s a-day for l&days 13 10 0 Travelling expenses , up anddew a Is . a miles , from Llanidloes to London , 20 ft miles ... ... ... 20 0 0 Morris , ktstlonw , l&s . a-day fo » 18 days ... 13 10 0
Travelling expenc « s , up and down , 209 miles ... ... ... . „ 20 0 0 Sturkey , 18 days , at a guinea a-day ... 18 18 O Travelling expences , 186 miles ; up and down ... ... „ . 18 18 0 Hayward , 1 a days at two guineas a-day ... 37 16 0 Travelling espanees ... ... 20 0 0 Jones , 18 days , at 15 s . a-day ... ... 13 10 0 Travelling expences ... ... 20 0 0 Fee to the counsel 21 0 0 Briefs 15 9 0
SECOND TRIAL . Owens , 5 days 10 . IO O Travelling expenses , up and down 18 12 0 Stutkey , 5 days 5 . 5 0 Travelling expenses , 20 0 0 Hayward , 5 days ... ... 10 10 0 Travelling expenses 20 O O Fish , 6 days ... 3 15 0 Travelling expenses 20 0 0 Davies , 5 Uays 3 16 0 Travelling expanses ... ... 20 0 0 Jones , 5 days ... .... 3 15 0 Travelling expenses ... ... 20 0 0 Refreshers to three counsel ... ... ... 6 6 9 Fees to tueic clerks ... ... ... ... 110 Special jury 21 0 0 Coutt Fees 4 0 0 Other cotts of . the cause ... .... ... 35 0 0
£ 511 IS 0 These are independent ot the defendant ' s costs , the greater party of which , as it turns out , the plaintiff will have to pay , and also independent' of all the costs between himself and his attorney . The Welsh have the character of being a very litigious people , and no stronger proof , could be given of their peculiar propensity than this brief narrative . Mr . Jones , however , must ba convinced now that . a man may '' pay too much for his whistle . "
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RULES AND OBJECTS OF THE ANTI-TOBACCO TEMPERANCE ASSOCIATION . 1 . That this Association be denominated the Anti-Tobacco Temperance Association . 2 . Tbat the affairs of tbe Association shall be managed by a Committee of six persons , with' power to add to their number . 3 . Tbat tbe Members ot the Committee shall be elected every six months , one half to bo re-elected . 4 . Tbat tbe Committee shall meet once a week , er oftener if necessary . 5 . Tbat there be a general meeting of the Association every - — for the admission of members , to receive reports , and the transaction of general business . 6 . That no rule or article be altered without the consent of a majority of members , all of whom ahall receive a week ' s notice of the same . 7 . Tbat each member subscribe one penny per week , to defray tbe expences of tbe association .
8 . That it be tbe duty of this Association to advance the moral and intellectual welfare of the members , by lectures anrt other nieanB . 9 . That as early as the funds will allow , a convenient place shall be hired for the use of the Association , and a library of useful books be established , in order that the members may spend their leisure hours profl'ubly , and set » good example . 10 . Tbat the members of the Association are earnestly recommended to take an interest in the welfare of each other , by trading witb , and endeavouring to procure employment for any of the members wbo are in want of the same ; and in order to facilitate this object , a record of each member ' s trade , or occupation , be kept by the secretary , land read over at the general monthly meetings . .
11 . That tbe members of this Association adopt , as their motto , tae following beautiful rule of justice , " D >> unto others as ye would they should do unto you . ' . 12 . In order fiat harmony of sentiment , and unanimity of action , may characterise the Association , all discussion on questions of Theology is expressly forbidden . IS . That in order to prevent embarrassment in the pecuniary affairs of the Association , the Committee shall not allow the debts of the Association to exceed , at anytime , the sum of 10 a . 14 . Tait persons desirous of becoming members of this Association must abstain from tobacco , / snuff , cigars , bad all intoxicating drinks for one week previous to their admission , in order to tty the principle and prevent a relapse .
16 . That a prise be given for the best essay on the bad effects of tobacco , as soon as the funds can award toe same ; the amount of prize to be decided by a majority of members . ¦ ¦•' -. 16 . That the following be the pledge and qualification qf membership ; We , the undersigned , agree to abstain from tobabco , snuff , cigars , and all intoxicating liquors , fermented or distilled , and in every suitable way dlscountenanoe the causes and practiBes of intemperance . ¦ ¦ , . " ¦¦' . ' ' ¦ ¦' ¦ .. ' ¦ ¦ ¦¦ "'¦¦ ,:- ¦ , ' ¦ 17 . Tbai visitor * be chosen to distribute tacti , visit members , collect contributions , and to make mush statistical returns as may be called , for . Also that a Superintendent be appointed to every ten visitors . t } £ T ^ J ^ , < BmT 1 * 1 me 8 t 5 n « tt « A « oclatlOB be held at such time and place as the committee may appoint , at which meeting a General Report of the Association ' s proceedings during tho past year shall be read .
19 . That there be open Committee on Tuesday even , togs , at Mr . Dorrell s Coffee House , 9 , Weat Smitu field . Chair taken at eight precisely . " 20 . All communications may sent , posst-paid , to Mr Christie , I . O . R , 7 , Duke-atreet , Suuthfleld .
25atttu-Iu)Tj3≫ Ivc.
25 atttu-iu ) tj 3 > iVc .
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From the Lendon Gazette of Friday , Dec 17 .
BANKRUPTS . Jofea Walker , Wavdour-street , Oxford-street , a > praiser , to surrender Pec . 24 , at half-post one . Jan . 2 J , at twelve , at tbe Coutt of Bankruptcy , JBasinghatt street Solicitors , Messrs . Crancb aad Wright , London street , Fenchurch-street - official assignee , Mr . Belcha , John Grriffiths , Leiceater-etreet , Regent street , mOliner , Deo . 24 , at haif-past two , Jan . 23 < , at oae , at tin Court of Bankruptcy , Hisinghall-street Solicitor , Mr . Bell , Craven-street , Strand ; official assignee , Ml Pennell . William Amos , Walbxook , City , sponge-HMrchant , Bee 24 , at eluTen , Jan . 28 , at two , at the Court < t Binkruptcy , Basinghall- ^ tr ^ et Solicitor , Mr . Bath * for 4 , LcHBhard-atreet ; official assignee , Mr . Belcher . Charles Daniell , Oxford-street , jeweller , Dec 28 , Ju . 28 . at twelve , &t the Court of Bankruptcy , BaslnghaQ . street . Solicitor , Mr . Spyer , Broad-street-buildiogi ; official assignee , Mr . Whitmore , Basinghall-street .
Augustas Frederick Hemming , Cbiswell-atreet , Fbubury , elastic surgical instrument-maker , Dec . 27 , Jsa 28 , at two , at the Court of Bankruptcy , BasinghaD . street Boliciter , Mr . Teague , Crown-court , Cheapsidt-, official assignee , Mr . Turquand , CopthaU-buildiiigs . John William Horend , Paradise-street , Lambett , builder , Dec . 28 , at one , Jan . 28 , at eleven , at tbe Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street Solicitors , ilessn Thompson and Co ., Bucklersbury ; official assignee , Mi Graham , Basiogholl-street . Robert Bacon and Robert Wayman , Barbican , winworkers , Dec : 27 , Jan . 28 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Solicitors , Messrs . Crab and Co ., Church-passage , Old Jewry ; official assignee , Mr . Graham , Bswinghall-street .
William Blain , St Andrew ' s-road , South wark . drapai Dec . 27 , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at tbe Court of Bankruptcy Basinghall-street Solicitor , Mr . Cattlin , Ely-plac * . Holborn ; official assignee , Mr . Turquand , Coptbaft buildings . Robert Scott , William Fairlie , and Joseph Harft TJnion-court , City , merchants , Dec . 29 , at twelve , Jai 28 , at eleven , at tbe Court of Bankruptcy , B 'singhaD street Solicitor , Mr . Gordon , Old Broad-street ; oft cial assignee , Mr . Johnson , Basinghall-street John . Colnett , Gravesend , hotel-keeper , Deo . 28 , it half-past one , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Solicitors , Mr . Shoubridp , Bedford-row ; official assignee , Mr . Gibson , Basingbailstreet Elihu Wilson , King-street , St Giles , stationer , Ju . 8 , atone , 28 , at eleven , at the Court of BaukropUj , Basinghall-street Solicitor , Mr . Gale , Basingbslr street : official assignee , Mr . Groom , Abchurch-lane .
Edward Hale Hughes , Wraxbam , Denbigbshin licensed victualler , Dec 28 , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at tin Wynnatay Arms Inn , Wrexham . Solicitors , Mesm Philpot and Son , Southampton-street , BlooHuborj square ; and Mr . Hughes , Wrexham . Timothy Bourne . Liverpool , cotton-broker , Dec . 31 , Jan . 28 , at one , at tbe Clarendon Rooms , Liverpool Solicitors , Mr . Howard , Liverpool ; and Messrs . Jetings , Bolton , ana Jenlngs , Elm-court , Temple . Joseph Rogers , Shrewsbury , hop-dealer , Dec 31 , Jit 28 , at eleven , at the Guildhall , Shrewsbury . Solicitoo . Messrs . Ponall and Cross , Staple Inn ; and Mr . Cooper , Shrewsbury . John Kighton , Hebburn , Durham , brewer , Jan . IS , at one , 28 , at eleven , at the Bankrupt Commission Boom , Newcastle-npon-Tyna Solicitors , Mr . Ho / fc Newcastle-upon-Tyne : and Messrs . Crosby and Coopton , Church-court , Old Jewry .
Thomas Eskrigge , Warrington , Lancashire , cott * manufacturer , Jan . 7 , 28 , at twelve , at the Ciareu *"" Kooms . Liverpool . Solicitors , Messrs . Adllngtjn , G » - « ory , Faulkner , and Follett , Bedford-row ; and Mea * Nicholson and Sons , Warrington . Joseph Peel , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , picture-d « J « i Jan . 13 , at eleven , 28 , atone , at the Bankrapli 0 »* mission Room , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . Solicitors , Hi Plumptre , Lamo-I ulldlng , Temple ,- and Mr . & »¦ > Newcastle-upon-Tyne . James lnghaui , Halifax . Yorkshire , stonemason , D » 29 , at nine , Jan . 28 , at the Shakespeare Inn , Halite Solicitors , Messrs . Jaquea , Battye , and Edwards , BJ * place ; add Mr . Edwards , Halifax . Charles Care , Heaton Norris , Lancashlte , cotton »? nufacturer , Jan . 7 , 28 , at three , at the Goinmi 8 si 0 Dal ' Kooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . Coppw * •»* Woollam , Stockport ; and Mr . Coppock , CleTeta ** row , Saint James ' s .
Richard Coleman , Manchester , mercer , Jan . 1 , stow 28 , at eleven , at the Commissioners' Rooms , Msnehsat Solicitors , Messrs . Sale and Worthington , Manohateti and Messrs Baxter , Loncoln ' s Inn-fields . Michael Potter and John Lever , Manchester , ( ip mission agents , Jan . 7 , 28 , at two , at the Commasionera * Rooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . SUM and Heelis , Manchester ; and Mesjrs . Mime , P * "f Milne , and Morris , Harcourt-buildings , Temple . Alexander Wynne Pollock , Liverpool , commi ** roercbant , Jan . 1 , 28 , at two . at the Clarendon Boos Liverpool . Solicitors , Messrs . Sbarpe , Field . t » Jackson , Bedford-row ; and Messrs . Harvey and Ftte * LiverpooL
PARXHBBSHIPS DISSOLVED . G . P . Jennings and A . L . Saul , Manchester , WJJ press printers—H . Lord and J . Nicholson , L *** Yoik 8 bire , patetew—J . Batteraby and H . A . DnekwJ * Uverpool—D . Broadburst , J . Broadburst , Md ** Broadnont , Manchester merchants ; as far as Mpt * J . Broadhurst—G . H . Matterson and F . B . Coof * York , linen-drapers—T . S . Eddowes , J . Betteltysw ]; J . Bury , Liverpool , ehain-cable-manuEacturer—B- *•" aon and J . Miller , Wheelton , Lancaster , sizen- J- * Held and J . R . Crisp , Liverpool , cOmmission-ineri ** - ** & Waterhouse , J . Thompson , and W . Bo » B * Manchester , cotton-spinners .
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FliHIOItt FOR THE MoiWH .--C 0 » tS aW TOJ ^ worn , particularly » t the elbows , and aretw ^ J with » shihing subttance , which gives theo *^ glossy * ppaar » aoe . A rim of white runs d «* lS seams , and tu « covering of the buttons is wPi opened , 60 as to show toe wooden material aBW '" Hats are now slightly indented at theton , **"!! have seen several in which part of the brim is « ° rj off without any particular regard to ^ ' ^ Jy abstracted . Walking-dresses are very much a «*| just , now with brown spots of a mud colour , tarrw on quite irregularly , and the . heels of the stoc ^ JJ may sometimes be seen trimmed with the ° J 2 material . A soit of basket-work is now * J ^ deal seen as a head- ^ ress , and in these . ° * fltj t strewed over with little silter fish , sometbyigj ^ j common sprat , which gives it alight and gw »~ charattar . —Punch ,
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PROSECUTION FOR « SEDITION" ft ... , IRELAND . In the LUnstB * Empnt *) ( a' Tdry journal , ) mAlk . on Ssturdayj-aeiWls airtpoHof an application ; 12 ori tbfl'prwioua - Monday tr > tbe magistrates at the SJ Sessions of Monntmeliek ^ MMrK u ¦ . . - Mr . Browne , jbomthe ofltoeoMhe Crown Solicitor thefloraeCircuit , attended by dJre « tJon oftha 4 ^ ney-General to prosecute the case . . The first wj ^ Z : « sE < nlaea wti € febrg « Stewait HHl , Suij-tnspecW FolfcV ? who ietfil hia ^ own information' - ^ ' ^
; v ' , |{ ecollects 8 nn § ay , the 14 th Nbveni&ar list . Atk Divioe service onrtha 4 i day ^ , iB » w . about one bttnilred pT sons assembled in , the Market-square of SIountraefH and saw \ yilUam . Connor addressing them in a vioW and exciting tone of language . Heard Connor ny ^ the Members of Parltament were a lazy , scurvy , * % Z rascals , useless servanls ; and forgot themselves '& oth r Mfscale ; that tyraot landlords would be murderel and that it was not be wondred at , for It was tMid but therewardof tyranny , and the farJt lay noifW but at theiroxm doors . And Connor further added ^ tell Sir Robert Feel and tbe
Qoremment that tie . never will be peace in Inbind till these grievance * remedied . Co » uer was frequently ebeerod by the peoiju . and witness ba » no doubt that srtoh language ,, addreaJ to persona in tbe rank of life of those assembled , wo * be calculated to hold up landlord * to hatred , and pig , dace public discontent and hostility to the laws of % country . " Mr . Hill farther stated , that be had bea banded two printed papers by Sub-Constable Donalh with the name of William Conner attached to out $ them ; and that the paper contained the 1 following r ^ sages ;— ' ' : . ' . , ; ' . . . " . ...
" That every man having the .. pesaemios of gm portion of the soil as a tenant-at-will , or on aley « shall bavfl a fair valnathm of his land by » Jury of s ^ men . " "Thatneither tithe , rent-chaTge , county- ^ poor-rate , nor any other aereable assessment , BhaU \ J charged to the tenant , is addition to the valued ko / Mr- Hill said he believed that such words were jj , culatedte create discontent and . disafiectioa among b | Majesty ' s sttbjeots . . Mr . Samuel Shear )© , a Magistrate , and Policeman , gave evidence of a similar kind . Mr . Connor said that he urged the people not ti violate the laws ; though jhesould " predict" » u * iei from the present Btate of
the-laws" My address on that and thirty or forty otb « occasions , waa bot of a poiitieal tendency—it relate ! to political economy .: therefore , I think the wSal ( matter'h arnile ^ vandno ' t a cnate against the lawi ol ' the country . ) If I am allowed to examine witnesses , I shall satisfy the Ma / pstratea of my ian » . oence : my arguments are . against the rackn ^ t system of the country , fouudea on the law of th » land ; and I told the people ia my address , tbjt nothing could jostify them to * raise ' thrir . jumdj agaiast their landlords or the laws of the countrj ; t am a landlord QVEelf . "
Mr . Connor afterwards addedT that his object wag to show the people , the way to redress their grie * snees by their undoubted . right to petition . Manj speechea . niuoh s ^ renger than his had been delivered ia Parliament . \ : Captain Tibaudo ^ one of tho Magistrates on ths beach , said that he considered such language calculated to inflame an excitable mob ^ and Mr . Connor waa-held to bail to answer the charge at the next Assizes .
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6 T . HE NQjR ^ Hi ^ ia ^ ST . AR , ^ _____ ^___ ^ - ^_^_^_ . . _ - - --' - - ¦ :-, - . — , ¦ - —— . .. » . .. . . _ ¦ ¦¦ - - ¦ ' .- ¦" ' ¦ ' ¦ ' ¦ ¦ .- ¦' - . ¦ ¦¦"¦ - . " . ¦ ,,...-, ' " - ^ . ' "" ' ¦¦ ¦ - — ¦ ¦ ' ' * _ ' - » r
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STATE OF THE COUNTRY . We select the following examples of the growing destitution ot " merrte England" from the papers which have reached us siaee Saturday last . The first is a memento of the " distress" exiiticg " at Court , " and will be read with peculiar interest at the preaent time : — THE BOTAl CHaiSTESJIt * . It has be ? n determined that the christening of fera Royal Highness the Priaee of Wales shall take plase at Windsor ; and from the arrangement * in oouteuipta-Uoa aad ia progress , there is no doubt faat this ceremony will be celebrated ia tbe chapel of Si Gteorgt , with great pemp and magnificence . Then * ia also very little doubt tbatitwill tabeplao » on Thursday , tbe lOtb
of February , the anniversaary of her Msjeaty ' s union viih hie Royal Higbne ** Prince Albert . The day . hftWcrver , bas not yet bter > fixed upon by ber Majesty . St Storge ' s Chapel was oi > Tuesday mornisg minutely inspected by Us . Saunders , asconipanied by Dr . Reid , who superintended the ventilation and lighting of the House of ConuiMns , for the purpose of adopting « ome plan to warm , by means of numerous air-stoves , the whole oC the interior of that extensive edifice during the time occupied by the performance of the ceremony . Earl Delawarr , the Lord Chamberlain , was engaged for suuie time in the chapel on Saturday , suggesting various arrangements for the ceremony . A . covered platform will be erected , leading front the Castie , along which the procession will pass to tae chapel . It is expected f he wil be
that the whole of tbe Knights otGUrter l present ia their robe * , -with the Military Knights of Windsor , and tbe several efficera « f the order . In the evening there will be a grand banquet in St George ' s Hall , and covers wtU be laid for upwards of one hundred and fifty of her Majesty ' s distinguished guests . A magnificent carpet , to be used expressly upon tbe occasion of the christening , has bean ordered for St George ' s HalL It will be studded with various appropriate heraldic devices , ia keeping witb theembellUhmftuta of this spendid apartment , and ift connexion with the Order of tbe Garter . In the centre will be woven a beautiful representation of St George and the Dragon . In order that the whole of her Majesty '• eutsu upon this occasion may be accommodated during their stay at Windsor , Frogaore-lodge will be entirely appropriated to their uoe , orders having been given to
the different tradesmen to make the necessary preparations for that purpose . A large house on Ca > tle-hill , at present emjty , lately in the occupytion of Colonel Millnnn , belonging to the Crown , is likewise to be furnished for tbe use of the Queen ' s visitors . Several of tbe State apartments at the Castle , which are usually exhibited to th » public , have been ordered to be closed for the purpose of enabling the authorities at tbe Castle to proceed with tbe necessary arrangements . Amongs ; the apartments thus closed are tbe Ball and Thronerooms . Tbe whole of the internal arrangements connected w th this important ceremony have been confided to the skilful superintendence of Mr , Sounders , tbe Inspector of Palaces . Tbe sponsor * invited to ansirtr at the font for the future Monarch are—the KiDg of Prussia ; the Duke of Cambridge ; 'Ferdinand , Duke of Saxe Coburg , uncle of Prince Albert ; the Princess Sophia ; and tbe Duchess of Saxe Cobourg .
SPIT ^ LFIKLDS WEAVEfiS . If ever it were imperative to act upon the motto that " charity begins at home , " it is at this truly awful crisis , when misery , destitution , and despair are at our very doors . It is true tbat poverty in its most frightful forms , is spread through the length and breadth of the land —that our agriculturists are steeped to the lips in misery , and our manufacturers are insolvent , while the general trade of the country is at a " dead still ; " and it is equally true that it is the duty of all to do every thing to alleviate and avert , if possible , this scene of general calamity end national bankruptcy . Still , reason , justice , and policy , demand tbat we should first attend to the wants of our own homes before we look nbroad . Hence , although we are most anxious to
extend the hand of mercy to the starving working classes of England , Ireland , and Scotland , we must be first satisfied that we have discharged the great and paramount duty of charity towards the dehtiiute poor of our own neighbourhood . With this commun sense and Christian view of the dictates of Christian benevolence and humanity , it ia but right that we should , in the first instance , direct the streams of national philanthropy to flow to those appalling scenes of woe , misery , and destitution which our metropolis presents , and which are no where to be found in a more frightful form t *» " » as they exist in the neighbourhood and the dwellings of the Spitaifields weavers . So dreadful are the privations of those wretched men and their families , that nature is daily sinking under them , anil numbers are fondly looking to tbe grave as a release
from their overpowering sufferings . It is impossible for the most obdurate to hear even a recital of their miseries without shedding a tear of compassion over the heart-rending catalogue . The greatest distress prevails at Bethnel Green . In its workhouse there are 1 , 060 inmates , while 1 , 350 are receiving out-door relief . There ia not one person in Bethnal Green who keepB his carriage , and but very few independent , considering that the parish contains 75 , 000 souls . There are in it 13 , 000 looms , each loom , when at work in its various ramifications , namely , dying , winding , warping , entering , and weaving , employs three persons , making 39 , 000 persons immediately dependant on the silk branch of this trade . Half these looms are now out of employ . There are , therefore , 19 500 operatives idle , the half of whom have large families pining in penu . y and most excruciating distress .
BUSDEB . The distress among the labouring population of our own locality at this moment is now more alarming than many of our readers are aware of . Every description of manual labour is now beginning to feel the effects ef a restrictive duty . Though some of our standing machinery has been put into operation , a proportionate extra quantity of weavers have not be « n employed . Tha finer fabric , which is principally woven by machinery , no doubt has increased ; bnt , generally speaking , the greater quantity of span-yarn has been exported to be spun by the foreigner . While the manufacturing interests feel the eflects of the prohibitory system , those branches of industry more immediately connected with our home trade , though they too have an interest
in the foreign , have now caugtt the mania , and the consequence is , tbat many of the families of our best artisans have now to depend on human sympathy for existence . Oar dockyards are emptying daily , and house-carpenters are equally helpless ; we know one joiner who in May last had upwards of fifty men iu his employment , whilst at this moment he can only boast of being able to procure labour for three . Cabinetmakers , too , are complaining , not unjustly . It is now an undeniable fact , that almost every branch of industry in our country is suffering more or less from the fetters which entwine it ; and that if some salutary plan be not immediately adopted , the acknowledged ingenuity and skill of our mechanics , as well as our capital , must bid us a long and it may be a lasting farewelL
ROCHDALE . Tb « following official report was read at a meeting at Manchester the other day : — Cabinet-Makers' Furniture . —Minute inquiries show that from fifteen years previous to 1828 , there were tweaty-eight to thirty journeymen cabinet-makers sod a few boys regularly and fully employed iu Rochdale . At this time there are only twelve or thirteen journeymen and about ten boys in the trade , and these have not bad full and regular employment for a long time past . Tbe population of tbe town and neighbourhood has greatly increased during the past f fteen or twenty yean ; bat there has been no increase of furniture , clearly proving that the condition of the people is much worse , and their comfort * greatly abridged .
Travelling Scotchmew . —1 . Travels Todmorden , Saddleworth , Shaw , Lees , Oldham , Middleton , Heywood , Wardle , and neighbourhood of Rochdale . Has travelled part of this district for twenty years , dealing with many families throughout this period ; his customers have gradually become poorer , and are now atoaiij ruined , and unable to buy clothing , tea , coffee , &c ., as formerly . Six years ago their condition was much better . Todmorden was then bis best districtnow very much worse , mills there having worked short time many months In hisjourneys he finds many houses which he has known well furnished almost stripped , the furniture having gradually been disposed of to provide food . Has given up the Wardle dlitrict , the peopie being reduced to poTcrty so abject that they can pay lor nothing . Most customers are ashamed to meet him , and skulk away to avoid him when they know he u coming , as they have nothing to pay for what the
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 24, 1841, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct410/page/6/
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