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Northern Star (1837-1852), 1st January 1842, Edition 2 of 4, Page 4, Untitled Article

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    • THE KORTHERSi STAR SATURDAY, JANUARY 1, 1842.
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      Untitled Article

      fc ^ A-TAl , BA 1 LWAY ACGIDEST AT LEEDS .. On Monday morning , sa Tequesfc was heM at the Court House , before Johu Blackburn , B « q ., oa the body of Henry Hoyle , twenty-five yeara cf age , an engineer on the North Midland Bailway , / who died in the Leeds General IcSnaary on Saturday morning , from injuries occasioned by the breaking of a , » he * l , oa Ko . 18 , locomotive engine , -with which he was conveying a fest train from Derby to Leeds , on the Wednesday previous . . The inquest -was attended by Mr . Pattison , the eempany's secretary , from London , Mr . Eddison , of leeds , solicitor to the company , and Mr . Crtag , the jnanager of the Leeds £ ** ation , and it is but justice to « y , that every facility "was offered by the cempany , in the course of the enquiry , "which lasted several hoi-rs . - The following evidence vis adduced . —

      John Cressy—1 "was npper gnard on the North Midland Railway from Darby to Leeds , on Wednesday last I have been nearly two years in the situation . I knew Henry Hoyle ; he t * 8 a driver on the North Midland ¦ Railway- WeMl Deiby at one o ' clock- There were four first class , oae third , and three second class car = riages . We "were fifteen minutes late at Belper ; we did net make up the lost time . Hoyle was psrfect ' y sober ¦ during the whole journey . I believe ths engines are always examined at Derby before starting . We got to Nomianton at thirty fi ? e minutes cast tkree ; "s-e ought to hare been there at fourteen ininntes past three . We travelled from 2 fonnantonxitLe rate of twenty-fire wiles an hour . We could xot so fast . Heyle eiid he could not get his steam ud , as tae ccie was very bad . I "was in the second-class carriage , -where the break is , next to the tender , when the " aeaident happened . I was looking out of tfca ¦ window : a ^ the tlsus I eaw the engine and .

      t aider leave the carriages and run acrosa thelines .. The ; accideot happened about fifty yards from 4 ae bridge which -crosses the Wakcfield road ; the engine stopped oa the-eiukankmMit . The wheels of the-carriage I was in were lifted np . and were thrown off the rails ;• the eoupliigs had boen brokea tLat attached the tender to tha carriages . Hoyle was laid close by the tender . Be ¦ wasinsensible , and very much cat about iaa head ; he ¦ was removed in about fifteen minutei ; 4 he stoker was standing near , noi much irert . I found the engine off the Kne about thirty yards from Uie carriages , nearly attte bottom of the eaabcakiaent . Toe fore-wheel of the « n £ ne was brokea ; the tyre had come off ii . 1 canuct say -whether this injury arose bsforetie engine gti off the line or not . I observed nothing on the line to obstruct , the progress of the engine . At-the time of the accident we vrere going twenty-five miles an hoar . It was quite light . I -cannot form ah opinion as to the cause of the accident . Hoyle was a sober

      TnpTi . . Mr . AUanson , house surgeon at the Leeds InflfsBary . The deceased tras brought to tbe Infirmary , about halfpast seven on Wednesday evening . He was insensible . Hia skull veas severely fractured oa "the left-side , and he was bleeding frctn the left ear ; several portiocfi of bone had entered the brain ; these -were removed by Mr . Smith . He died about three o ' clock on Frid . ay morning ; he iieTer spoke aftef he "was brought in . The severe injuries done to the braiH were the cause of death . :

      Mark WakeSeld , the foreman of the engines , at Derby . Was at Derby on Wednesday , Trhen 2 fo . 28 engine started . I examined her at hfilf-paet twelve o'clock , tt which time I considered her all right The tyre of the -wheels » as of wrought iron ; the engine fr »* been in use since May test ; eo fresh wheels have been since that time put on ; but this wheel that is broken had been mended a little on tbe fliEge iu . Juiy latt ; the wheel had failed , a little . I have seen the tyre of the wheel since the accident , but have not examined it ; there is no difference in the construction of the wheels . I considered the wheel to be perfectly safe when it left Derby ; I could not tell wiere tbe wheel had been repaired after it had been done ; I i&ongbt it as strong and as good as a new wheel

      John Morris , E * q ., ~ of Hunslet I was on the Wakefifcld road on Wednesday afternoon , on the new catting , near the bridge . It was about a quarter to four o'clock . I saw the train coining down ; it did hot strike me thai it was going at an unusual rate . I did not see anjtbicg on the Kne to retard its progress . I ¦ was looking at ^ the train at the tinse the aeeidtoit happened . I observed the engine all in a moment dart across the line , and the carriages seemed to be passing it . I immediately went to the spot I "wss probably from one to two hundred yards from the place . When 2 got up I saw Hoyle laid near the tender ; the engine was " entirely eff tie line , and down the embankment ; the tender was also on the slope . I did net € xamine the engine ; a man was holding Hoyle , und he said he -was dead . One of the rails , over which fh « engine had crossed was broken , but there -sraB no obstruction at all on the line on which the train-was travelling .

      Robert Craven , servnnt to Mr . Bateson , of Wortley , who wxB also on the Wakefield road , corroborated the evidefica of Mr . Morris . John Tuke , fishmonger , of Barnsley . I was on the train when the acridest . happened on Wednesday last I joined it at Cudworth station ; the train was sixteen mliiut 83 behind its time ; we left Cudworth at four minutes pa 3 t three . In my opinion , we travelled too quick all the way . The time to arrve in Leeds is four o ' clock ; when , we got to Normacton , we were before time , and were dfctid&cd there some minutes . I had no watch to guide iae . I was told by a person in the « sme carriage that it wanted twenty minutes to fvur o ' clock a very short tisie before the accident happened . I -was in a third da s carriage ; about a mile before the accident happeEed , an unusual quantity of hot coals \ rere blown into the carriage in which I "was , and I then thought something was about to happen ; I was

      afraid and stood up ; 1 have travelled a great deal on the line , and never experienced the coals fly into the carnage so much before ; we then got into an extra speed . In my opinion , "we "were travelling not less than forty Tniios an hour . I wss standing up when the accident happened ; I tlrinlr it -sras quick trave . Vipjanti the ¦ nnevennssa of the liae which threw us off ihe line ; 1 consider the rails there are not evenly lniii . The fie--csised was in liquor ; . I observed it after the accident happened ; he smelt strong ef wine . I held his up ¦ when I smelt his bitaik ; I covered bis face -with ray liandkerchief , and washed him afterwards ; he vomited something of the colour of part wiae . A surgeon was stntfcr , who atten-Jed immediately , and paid every attention to the deceased . I have na hesitation in saying we VFeie goicg at the rate of forty miles an hear . We were before time at Normanton , and were ¦ detained there eome minutes .

      Citssey recalled .- —li is usaa ! to stop Eome minutts si JTcrmastsu . We leave carriages there both for York and Manchester ; the York carriages iea-re before we < 1 «; -5 TS ! were not kept at ^ Cormanton because ve were before our time ; it was thirty-five minutes past , three when ¦ sre got to KcriEanton , and 45 minntts yast three ¦ when \ releft , having stopped there ten nrinntes . It ¦ would ba near four , by my time-piece , when the accident happened , but I die not 1-jok at it particularly ; the tiias to arrive at Xonuanton is fourteti ] :: minutes past tLree . The usual time from Normanten to Leeds is twenty minutes . I am sure we did not average more than twecty-fire miiES an hcur at any time of our journey . 1 iiid not hsar any complaint of quiek tra-Tellit- f from any of the passengers . I think , thne is no tmcT-fcntis in the line at the piacs where the cccioent © ccntreo .

      Thosazs Dobson , engineer , cf Darby . I am in the service of the North Midiand Rsil-s-sy Cumpany , and superitt ^ nd tie repai rs of ' the locomotive engines . The engine , No . IS , was repaired ia . Ja ' y and An . ^ usi last ; on that occasion ths £ * . nge was rapair&i , it had given Tray a little longitudinally ; there had been an tmsoundness in the iron ; the tire "wris all Uiirn off , and e . nirw pit « e of flange was "welled oa ; I considered it quitti sound . It is the duty of Watfeficld to « samine tbe engines before they go out ; they couie into my hands "when they vrant repairing . My cpinioa of the qaa ^ irr of the ir ^ n from wbich this tire in .-ule ,- is

      that , tn tha ¦ , it is toler-bJy good ircn , aad EDffi-« lej . t for tbe purposs for which it is intended ; sorae parts of it are good and others inilifferext . It- "B-ss a Ttrf severe frott on Wednesday , and tUis , in my ¦ opinica , hni acted upon the iron , and had assisted tBy mischitf v ; b ? eh migLt have been going on 1 eanrot detfect- any flsw in acy part cf it If tLe line was ccevfcn is mi ^ ht accelerate an accident I < io not thick extra speed weald occasion it I / cannot tell v ? htther th 9 tire had broken before the engine W 33 off tho line or not If the lira had come off the vbtel i : "K-onJd not luv-J stopptrd iti passage across the other line , tkon ^ h it might have retarded it

      J'jIto Fotherby of ShiffisJd , machine maker . —I-sras a pa-secgei t . y the train when tnc accident happened . 1 got in at BsTBslty , wliich p ; a : a we left a littns after three o ' clock ; vre i ^ jpped a s L ^ ort time at N-jnnantcn ; 2 can scarcely form zjx opinion as to lhe Tata of fpeed from Barnslty to Noimanton ; I think we ware going quieter -when the accident happened than at any formti time—we were then going very quick . 1 can form no opinion ^ as to the time it occarea . I should think we were going at the rats of thirty miles an hcur ; "we had Bofc been long at that rate . Ti . e accident happened in a moment I stood up , asd eiw the engine going

      down the embankment ; we "were passing it I did not uotica the wheels of the encme when I saw It passing ; I examined ihe - wheels " afterwards ; I found the tire all detached from the wheel ; it was laid on the down line , about thirty yards from the engine . 1 examined the metal , acd Laving been axaengst it all my life , I saouid aay that it is of a very indifferent quality ; it appeared to me at the time to be more like cast metal than wrought I had no idea aX the time that it was wrought iron . I did not Lear any of the passengers complain of the speed , nor did I hear aay alarm excrtsseo .

      Win . Walker—I am a stoker on the North Midland Rill way . I knew Hoyle , the deceased , and have done ever sizce the fc ' h-field and RatherLam line opened . H In 3 beta an tu ^ ice driver since ib £ t period ,- he di not go out every day , but was two cays out andlme in . I Trsiwith Iuki when the seddtni happened . It ¦ wanted Eirenty minutes to fear ¦ when tts sta : tjd from yormanton : we travelled a * the rate of from twentjfive to thirty miiea £ a hour : ve had very lhtle fire in when the accident happened ; I hid thrown en uil the ccke ^ re had at Nonnauton . Tke speed Lid bEgsn to decrease before the acdacct hapcsEed ; and I did not expect T ? e should have steam to fee ite train is . I -km oa tfcej foot plate nbsa the accident happened ; I

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      first heard a bit of a rap under the engine : the engineer whistled twice , and I ran to the break on the tender ; I then saw the engine run off the line , and down the bank . I did not know the cause of the accident until it was over . I ant not aware of any unevenneas in the rails at the place where the accident happened . I do not know that there is any defect \ do not think the engine would have run off the lir . ee Jbad not the tire came off first I cannot acceunt / or the tire coming off . The wheel and tire were l- ^ th perfect , so far as I know . I was thrown within » , few yards of Hoyle ; 1 had a rib brokea , and rec eived -tome bruises . To the best of my belief , it was e" atirely accidental , and no blame attached to Hoyle . I am sure we never went at the rate of forty miles r a hour ; I do not think we went so much as thirty . I think it was about four o ' clock . I am sore Hoyle was . perfectly sober .

      William Burdett—I am a guard on Uie \* orih Midland Bail way , and was In the same carriage with Creasey at the time of the accident I believe we . were behind our time , but I don't know as to the tii ae . We were going at the rat ? of twenty-five miles > ii hour . I am sure we sever went bo mucku forty . H < lyle complained that his coke was bad , and aaid he eould not get bis steam up . We have travelled faster . I have not noticed any unevenness in the rails » t this particular place , nor am I aware that it is un-jren between there and Woodlesford . I cannot speak as to the precise time of the accident I had Bpofom to Hoyle at Swinton , he was perfectly « ober . Mr . Thomas Dyson , assistant engineer oa the railway , had frequently examined the line , and deposed as to its general excellence . Tkis being the wfaole of the evidence , the Coroner went minutely through the whole of it , and pointed out -be flie Jury tbe law as applicable to the case ,

      After the very taminous summing up , the Jury after a Bkort consnita&on , returned a verdict of " Aecidentaldeatb , " expressing an opinion that the iron of the tire was not of the best quality , a * hd recommending the Xsilway Gompany in future to have the iron used for wheels properly tested .

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      TREMENDOUS EXPLOSION OF GUNPOWDER , AXD LOSS OF LIFE ON TH - LINE OP THE BRISTOL AND GLOUCESTER RAILWAY . Bristol , Tuesday A . tarnoon . One of those frightful accidents , atteHded with the sacrifice of human life , consequent on the careless nss of gunpowder , and which , since the commencement of the various great railway and otlur undertakings , have been cf too frequent occurrence in this kingdom , took place yesterday ( Menday ) , on the line . of the Gloucester and Bristol Railway ( now in course of consiractfon ; in the ritdghboaihood of the small town of Wick war , Gloucestershire . Tbe accident was of the most serious description ; three of the unfortunate labourers employed on the line -were killed upon the spot , their

      bodies being frightfully mutilated by the force of the explosion ; and five others were so seriously injured as to render it necessary that they should be immediately conveyed to the infirmary in this city , where they now lie , one or two of them in a dangeroas state . This afternoon one of them , John Hodges , is sufficiently revived to admit of his conversing on the subject of the melancholy and fatal occurrence ; he does not seem capable of giving a . very clear account of the matter , bat his statement is as follows : —The la ^ oureas in the employ of one of the contractors ¦ were engaged in excavating eome earth-work in the neighbourhood of Wickwar , for the pnrpose of making a tunnel , and on their leaving off work at the dose of the last week , they placed a barrel , containing about half a cwt of gunpowder , in

      the mouth of the excavation , thinking that by so doing they should secure it at once from _ depredation , and from the action cf the weather . On Monday morning , one cf the men , named Henry Williams , who ij a felacksmith , was directed to point and sharpen some of the tools used in excavating . Whether he was aware or not of tbe presence of . the gunpowder does not seem very clear , but he went on working in the usual manner , by heating the iron and beat ' -ng it on the anvil , until at length a spark came in contact with the powder , and a tremendous explosion ensued . At the time ot the accident there were eight men in tbe tunnel and its immediate neighbourhood . Three of them were killed immediately , their bodies being biewn to a considerable distance , where they were

      afterwards found dreadfully scorched a&d mutilated : one of them was without his head , which was forced to a great diitwce from the trunk . Hodges states that two of ths dead men were named Matthew Stephens and James Bennet ; the name of the third he does not remember having heard , but be says he is quite sure' that three were killed . The names of the five men at present in the infirmary are , Thomas White , who has lost one eje , and the other is dreadfully injured , and whese body is burnt and bruised in every part ; George Collins , much burnt , and has received an extensive wound of the leg ; John Hodges , much burnt on the face and legs ; Lewis Crew , much burnt and bruised ; Henry Williams , ditto , ditto . The explosion blew the blacksmith's shop and a mill-pound oa the works all to atoms , and scattered the stones . &c , in all directions .

      I » may be readily imagined that the utmost consternation and alarm waa produced in Wickwar and the neighbourhood , the inhabitants being for some time at a loss to account for the very violent shock . A working man who came here this afternoon , and who says he was in Wickwar at the time , gives a somewhat different version of tbe matter . He says the workmen were lowering the powderintoashaft , and let a spark fail into it Hedge ' s account , however , is generally received -ss being the most correct The farce of the explosion was felt to within five or six miles of this city . At the villages of Almondsbnry , Tockington , dec ., the houses -were shaken in tush a manner as to greatly alarm the inhabitants , who imagined for some time that they ha « l been visited by an earthquake . AUuondBbury is seven miles' distant from the Bcene of the explosion .

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      Si . nce out last , the arrival of tho American Packet Ship " Independence , " has put us in possession of tbe American President ' s Message . This important State document presents , as usual , a striking contrast to the " infinite deal of nothing" which we are in the habit of enduring under the name of a royal speech . The document is much too long for us to print . Bui we are glad , to perceive that , in eo far as the relationships of the United States with this country are

      concerned , its tone i 3 everything that could be desired—mild and conciliatory , bnt firm and independent—such as befits the mouthpiece of a great and free people . The result of tae M . 'Leod affair is referred to in terms of satisfactory gratulation ; ¦ while , in reference to the right claimed by the State of New York to adjudicate independently of the Federal Government , in a matter which , by tho recognition of M'Leod ' s acts by the British Government had become international in character , the

      President sajs : — " I cannot fail , however , to suggest to Congress the propriety , and , in tome degree , the necessity , of making such provisions by law , so fir as tbey ' may eonFtiimionaJiy do so . for the removal at their commencement , and at the option of the party , of all such cases as may hereafter arise , and vrhich may involve ike faithful observance and execution of our international ob ' iiganons , from the state to the federal judiciary . This Government , by our

      institutions , is charged with the maintenance of peace and the preservation of amicable relations with the nations of the earth , and ought to possess , without question , all tbe reasonable and proper means of maintaining the one and preserving the other . Wailst just confidence is felt in the judiciary of the states , yet this Government ought to be competent in itseli for the fulfilment of the high duties which have been devolved upon ic under iho organic law by the states themselves . "

      la reference to the burning of the Caroline , the President holds that : — " 2 \ o such atonement a 3 was due for the public wrot-g done to the United Erases by the invasion of her territory , so wholly irreconcilable with her rights as an u . dependent power , has yet'been made . " He denies the right of any country to invade the territories of another nnder any pretext unless when a" confessed and voluntarily acknowledged inability to enforce its own laws renders the Government nugatory and helpless . He puts the question we thick in a very clear and just light , in the following paragraph : —

      " If , upon a full investigation of all the facts , it shall appear that the Caroline was governed by a hostile intent , or had made common cause with those who were in ihe-occnpancy of Navy Island , then , bo far as he [ the owner ] is concerned , there can be no claim to indemnity Tor the destruction of his boat which the Government would feel itself bound to prosecute ; since he wohM have acted sot only in derogation of tho rights of Great Britain , but in clear violation of the laws of the United States ; that is a question which , howerer settled , in no manner involves

      the higher consideration of the violation of territorial sovereignty and jurisdiction . To recognise it as an admissible practice that ; each Government in its turn , upon any sudden and unauthorised outbreak on a frontier , the extent of wLich renders it impossible for either to have an tfasient foxes on every mils of it , and which ouVoxeak , therefore , neither may be able to suppress in a day , may t ^ ka vengeance into its ovrn hands , and , ¦ without even a remonstrance , and in' the absence of any pressing or overruling necessity , invade the territory c f the other , woold inevitably lead to results equally t » be deplored by both . When border collisions come to receive the

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      sanction , or to be made on the authority of either Government , general war must be the inevitable result . " Having thus frankly stated the tfronnds which the AmericMi nation hare to think themselves ill used in the affair , it ia passed by as unworthy of further notice , with the mere expression of a M Hope that the British Government will see the propriety of renouncing , as a rule of future action , the precedent which has been set in the affair at Schlosser .

      On the subject of the new regulations among European nations for the suppression of the slave trade , by which the right to detain and search al ] suspected vessels is recognised , the President holds most unequivocal language . He deprecates the slave traffic as strongly as possible , but demurs , in iotas to the subjection of American ships and citizens to any code of maritime regulations to which they have not been parties : —

      "However desirous the United States may ba for the suppression of the slave trade , they cannot consent to interpolations into the maritime code at tho mere will and pleasure of other Governments . We deny the right of any such interpolation to any one , or all the nations of tne earth , without our consent . We claim to have a voice in aU amendments or alterations of that code . Certain it in , that if the right to detain American ships on the high seas can be justified on the plea of a necessity for such deten-|

      tion , arising out of the existence of treaties between other nations , the same plea may be extended and enlarged by the new stipulations of new treaties to which the United States may not be a party . This Government will not cease to urge upon that of Great Britain full and ample remuneration for all losses , whether arising from detention or otherwise , to which American citizens have heretofore been , or may hereafter be , subjected by tho exercise of rights which this Government cannot recognise as legitimate and proper . '

      This very proper spirit is characterised by the factious papers as an evidence that the professed anxiety of the President , for the annihilation of the *• wicked traffic" is insincere . No honest man can find any such thing in it . The latter portion of the Message is occupied with domestic matters . It contains an outline of the projected new treasury arrangements , which , if adopted , will do much to prevent the recurrence of the fatal mischiefs of the bank system .

      The French Chambers have been also opened since our last , and the " Citizen King" exhibited his confidence in his people by opening them in person ; proceeding to the duty in a close carriage drawn by four horses , and attended by four other carriages , precautions having been taken to prevent the approach of any person within musket-shdt , of the line of march , except the military on duty ; even tbe terraces of the Tuileriea gardens were closed .

      The trial of the conspirators , Quenisset aad his fellows , has been concluded . Three of them are sentenced to death , and seven to various terms of imprisonment , ranging from five years to life ; among whom is M . Dvpott , the conductor of the Journal du Peuple , in whose person the utter prostration of the French press is aimed at . A spirited protest has been published by the greater

      portion of the newspaper press , and by the chief literary characters of the Kingdom ; exposing very mildly , but firmly , the atrocious character of this attempt to extinguish every vestige of the " liberty of the press ; " appealing to the Depur ties for protection , and , in case of their dereliction of duty , to the elective body . It remains to be seen whether the throne of the tyrant be bo firmly set as that this last atrocity will be borne .

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      CAPABILITIES OF GREAT BRITAIN TO MAINTAIN ITS POPULATION . Among the various attempts which political economists are continually making to throw dust into the eyes of the people , in order that they may carry out their nefarious schemes of despotism and plunder , there is one aim , one determined purpose , from which they never turn aside even for a moment . They never forget to pat forth their claims to tax the people in every part of the empire for their own especial profit and advantage . It is not , however , on all occasions that they exhibit their purposes . The cloak of patriotism and the mask

      of philanthropy are most frequently assumed ; and intense selfishness is not unfrequently made to assume the appearance of regard for national honour and public prosperity . Sometimes , however , the cunning of the serpent is ound inadequate ; and the foul form peeps through its drapery ; of which the first article in tke Colonial Gazette of last week affords a striking proof . The Colonial Gazette is tho organ of the " Liberals" of the Whig-Radical party , and is devoted to the support of the men and measures which have been a curse , and would still further be a curse to some

      of the fairest portions of the globe . Of course ' " Ships , Colonies , and Commerce" is their motto ; and emigration , for the purpose of filling the pockets of unprincipled speculators with gold wrung from the labour of tho unfortunate exiles , is with them a favourite project . In the article to which we allude on Colonial Government and Taxation , the writer takes vast pains to persuade his readers that he is moat anxious to promote the welfare and prosperity of tho colonists . His zeal , however , has carried him too far ; and he has let us into tho somewhat startling secret that the prosperity of our distant dependencies is to be promoted fur the laudable purpose of compelling them to yield a

      considerable portion of ieveaue , in addition to the local taxation , for the support of the central government at home . We have taken some pains in our recent articles on Emigration to give to our readers such information , as might enable them to arrive at just conclusions as to the designs and effects of the newfangled scheme of wholesale transportation . We never had a doubt " , as to the fact , that either Whigs or Tories would starve , hang , or banish the people , providing they could realise a profit by the speculation ; and we are happy to find that the "liberal " writer in this " liberal" journal fully bears us out in the opinion we . had formed of the unblushing rascality of both the rival factions .

      That wo may not be accused of misrepresentation , we will quote the writer ' s own words : — " It must be a principle in the consideration of the subject that the unoccupied lands of our colonial territories belong to the empire ; such being the case , of course they are not to be given away to , any . body of applicants without due return for the benefit of their original owner , tt e empire ; and that return must consist of the utmost possible advantage , tchich can be obtained from the grantees . Settlements therefore

      founded on these lands should be conducted in such manner as not only to be no burden to the parent state , but to furnish their quota of aid towards the strength and welfare of the empire at large . In order to that , they mut , t he governed on a scale commensurate with imperial requirements . Hut if the power cf taxation were altogether surrendered to the settlers , they would forget the larger interests in their own pettier objects , and would laugh at exhortations to tax themselves for imperial interests . "

      Truly , and so they ought . Of wha $ earthly use or moment are "imperial interests" to those whoa " imperial" tyranny has compelled to leave their native shores , and to seek an asylum in the distant wilderness . We especially request our readers to note carefully the sentences which we have printed ia Italics ; and then ask themselves what the plain English of it all comes to . To us it appears marvellously like this . "We have colonies which are almost unprofitable to us for want of hands to cultivate them . The

      Government has , by its wasteful extravagance , impoverished the people and exhausted the treasury . Ministers want money , and the aristocracy want places , sinecures , and pensions . The colonies must take off our surplus population and recruit our finances . But how I We have it : we'll sell the unappropriated lands at such a rate as shall tempt purchasers ; but under such well arranged conditions as shall secure an aristocratic government , and at the tame time , subject the colonists to be taxed fay the Imperial Parliament , at any time , in any way , and to any extent , that our necessities may render desirable , or circumstances advisable . " We leave any man to judge if this be not a fair interpretation of the sentiments quoted above ; aad if it

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      be , then , we s&y , Don't emigrate at all . Endeavour to destroy the aristocratic influence at home , instead of making it take deeper root iti our possesions abroad . * ' : ; ¦;¦ v : " ¦ ¦ > ¦ ¦ : . -fi ¦ . ; . ¦ :: ^^ \] \'¦ ¦ ¦ ¦' , ' " : - ¦ ' ¦ ? :: When we say * Don't emigrate /' we say sofromthe oonviotion long Bince expressed by us , that there is plenty for every man at homo ; that the land , if properly cultivated , would yield a supply of food sufficient for four times the number of the present inhabitants . And this faot we now proceed to demonstrate . ¦; ; . ; .:. . ' ¦ . ¦ ¦ / : ¦ ¦ : /;¦¦ .. ''¦ '• ¦ / : ¦;¦ . / . ' \ ¦ ¦ : ' ¦ ¦' A writer in the Colonial Gazetiei in art articlei on "The CausosOf the National Distress , " thus coolly insults his countrymen , aad libels Providence : —

      " When the extent ofIhe superfices of the British Islands , and the sum of their actual population , shewn by the recent census to amount to nearly twenty-seven millions of souls , are compared , the conviction cannot fail to force itself upon the most offusoate anderatanding , that the time is fairly come , when England ! even , if every acre of her soil were cultivated , can no longer , of herself , supply either foad or emplOymeht for a very large proportion of her children and though certainly it does not follow , as a principle of justice , that one portion should quit the common territorial inheritance for the mere accomniodation of the rest , yet saif-preservation is an influehco that will not the less suggest the expediency ; of : sacrifice which minor influences might prove insufficient to enforce ;"

      Such are the bold and unblushing statements pat forth for the evident purpose of inducing the sons of labour to forsake the land of their fathers , and to seek a distant home ; not for the sake of any real advantage it would be to them , but simply that they may beoomo more entirely the bond slaves of the profit-mongers and . the colonial aristocracy . The writer says " the conviction cannot fail to force itself upon tho most offuscate understanding that the timeis fairly come , when Englandj even if every acre of her soil wore cultivated , can no longer of herself supply either food ^ or employment , for a

      very large portion of her children . " Our understandings may be" most offuscate , " at least in the estimation of Whig traffickers in sophistry and delusion , but we have the vanity to suppose ourselves not quite destitute of common sense ; by the use of whioh we hope to show c ur readere , firstly , that the lands of the United \ Kingdom are amply sufficient to produce all the necessaries of life for at least four times the number of the existing population ; secondly , point out tho best means by which the natural capabilities of the land may be developed } and thirdly , exhibit some of the results which would flow from a proper appropriation of the means at

      our disposal . ' As to the first point , we will cite authorities from which out opponents will hardly venture to dissent . M'Cuu . och , generally considered an authority by the " Liberals , " states that the United Kingdom could produce food for one hundred millions of inhabitants . Bishop Watson says that Great Britain is capable of maintaining thirty millions of inhabitants j another writer , Dr . Hall , says it would support , with ease , ninety millions ; while the Earl of Laudeudale , one of the modern political economist school , declares it might support one hundred and eighty millions I

      Here it will be seen that Bishop Watson is vastly below Dr . Hall and the Noble Earl , and yet he is upwards of three millions above the existing popu' ation , which , according to the recent census is no quite twenty-seven millions . Another writer of considerable eminence says : — "On the most moderate calculation , Great Britain ar . d Ireland are capable of maintaining , in ease and

      affluence , one bund ed and twenty millions of inhabitants . Thla proceeds on the supposition , tbat the whole mountain and waste land is deducted as altogether unprofitable , and that the remaining arable land is divided into three parta , of which two-thirds are entirely set aside for luxuries and conveniences , and that the remainingthird alone is devoted to the staple food of man . partly in -wheat and partly in potatoes . ' '—Sheriff dUisens" Principles of Population , " p . 51 , vol . 1 .

      England can maintain GO , 000 , 000 Irelaud .................................... 48 , 000 , 000 Scotland ...... 15 , 000 , 000

      The British Islands 123 , 000 , 000 This calculation , though much below that of the Earl of Lauderdale , is four times greater than that of Bishop Watson , one-fourth more than Dr . Hall , aud one-sixth more than Mr . M'Culloch . These five gentlemen have all considered the subject—they have arrived at widely different results ; the numbers of population which they severally give as capable of being supported in the British islands from our own produce , amounts in the aggregate to

      fi ? o hundred and twenty-three millions , which divided by five , gives , as the average result of their labours , one hundred and oar-millions , six hundred thousand , which is four millions six hundred thousand more than the population allowed by M'Cullock , and nearly seventy-eight millions abovo the actual population of the present time . We presume these authorities will be deemed by all reflecting men , much more worthy , of attention , than the unproved assertions of a nameless scribbler iu a Whjg-Radical newspaper .

      We beg to call the particular attention of our readers to the following table : drawn up , as it has been from official sources , it has high claims to the most attentive consideration of the whole people-Reasonings may be fallacious , but figures , like facts , are stubborn things . QUANTITY OF LAND IN THE UNITED KINGDOM .

      Uncltivated TT -. Cultivated fmtcpbleof ^ nproat- To 1 implement ablewste Acres . Acres . Acres . Acres . England 25 , 632 , 000 3 , 454 , 000 3 , 256 , 400 32 , 342 , 400 Wales ^^ 3 , 117 , 000 530 , 000 1 , 105 , 000 4 , 752 , 000 Scotland 5 . 265 , 000 5 950 , 000 8 , 523 , 930 19 , 738 , 930 Ireland ^ 12 , 125 , 280 4 900 , 000 2 ; 416 664 19 j 441 , 944 Britf . sle * 383 , ( i 9 f 166 , 000 569 ^ 469 1 , , 159 Totals 40 , 522 , 970 15 , 000 , 000 15 , 871 , 463 77 , 39 * 4 , 433

      From this table it appears that there are fifteen millions of acres of uncultivated land capable of cultivation in the British Islands ; and these , according to Mr . O ' Connor's ca ' culatibnj would" immediately produce food for seven millions of people ; and in lees tljan ten years would provide for fifteen millions of people ; and at the expiration of . twentyone years , tho original farms of fifteen acres each would be capable of being subdivided for the families , into farms of five acres each , If necessary . Thus would our present waste lands , New England , Ireland , and Scotland , of themselves , support oh the spot twenty-one millions in affluence , comfort ^ and splendour , at the end of twenty-one yearB , and forever 1 "

      This calculation is , however , far below the mark , as wo shall show presently . Wo will , however , first see how the present system works in reference to what is called cultivated lands , because we shall then discover how it is that we have a " scarcity of food , " and a " surplus population . " We presume the average lands of England and Ireland ^ are pretty much alike—equally defective under bad management , and equally productive ' under good . We wiJlj therefore , avail ourselves of the calculations of Mr . O'Conkoh , in his

      "Letters to the Landlords of Ireland f a work which has no equal for practical utility and moderate reasoning in the English language ; which ought to be cocned till all its principles are familiar to him by every hoaeat man ; and which being now published in the " Labourer's Library , " by j . Hobsou , for twopence , may be and should be obtained by every working man . ^ We ^ beg the especial attention of our readers to the following details ; - The calculation is made upon the produce of aiFarmofdne hundred acres , and on this Bubject Mr ; Q'Conkok thus writes : — -

      " Ten fanners , then , bolding one thousand acres cf land in the county of Coiic , and living upon these farms fur tweetj-five years , ( a time when tiie family'becomes mavriageablo . ) will not ucitedlyV have spent £ 20 per annuni in the manufactuting market . They live very little ,, if anything , better taan their labourere , with ' whom they breakfast and dine six days in the woek ; Brealifagt being potetoesj and thick milk , blue , " from &xty to eighty-four hours old , jsometimes boiled into

      Untitled Article

      curds and whey , and sometimes cold ; and they have the aame for dinner , from the 1 st of January to the 31 » t of December . If the farmer can hold possession , and keep the stock together , and if , in the twenty-five years he has scraped together £ ' 259 im hia children ' s portions , be coaBiders himself right well Off We will suppose him ; to have three sons and two . daughters To the daughters he gives £ lfl 0 each ; the second son he marries to another farmer ' s daughter ,, with whom he gets one hundred pounds : the eldest son remains

      for some . time unmarried ,- , and when his parents meet with a suitable match for him in their old age ; they with the gossoon ( the youngest son ) give up the fann to the heir , ( with V his Honour's" consent , and « M ? ieihiing more , J and live themselves : upon :. » ftw acres of Which the son pays the rent ; and the fifty pounds Spared after the daughters' portion remains for which ever shall be survivor , to live with the youngest , who seldom or never marries during the life of the old COUple . " ' : ¦¦ .- .: ' . ' y •/¦ ¦;¦ ' ¦ ¦ . . ¦ .. ' . . ' . . . " ¦ ' . ¦ . - :.

      After some further observations , which it is not necesmry to quote here , ho proceeds : — " : ;** ., Let us now see what surplus , after Buch support , the farm leaves for traffic and supply , in the consuming and manufacturing markets . We will take a year ' s produce : — . ' . ¦ '¦'''' ' - ¦ '¦ ' .. "¦'¦ ¦¦ ¦ s ~ . " . - ' - . - ¦ ¦ ¦ . '¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . ' - . : ¦ . - . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . .. ¦ ¦ ¦ . ; - . . : - . '¦ ¦ . - . ¦ ¦ : - . - ' . . £ a . d . Fifty bags of wheat at £ l 5 s . per bag ... 62 10 0 Sixteen cwts . of butter , seconds and thirds , at £ 3 53 . perevs't ... ^ .... ; ..... 52 0 Twenty barrels of oats , spared froni horses , at ICs . per barrel ............. 10 0 Tea fat pigs , at 2 ^ cwt per pig , ; at £ 1 per cwt . .. 25 0 0 Spared potatoes « 21 10 o

      £ 170 0 0 Rent , aay 20 s . per acre ..................... 100 0 0 Tithe and county -rate ...................... 10 0 0 Paiid to five labourers , besides diet ...... 20 0 Kenewalcf cattle ^ for dairy .............. 10 0 0 Wear a&d tear , smith ' s work , and additionaVmsn at harvest ..................... 20 0 0 taidbYfor children ........................ 10 O 0 Sp « utia manufacturing market .......... 0 10 0 £ 170 10 0 "Now what interest has the farmer for his capital em ployed as follows ?—• Price of twenty cows , at £ 7 a head ...... 140 0 0 Four horses , at £ 10 ojch .................. 40 0 0 Gaits , tackling , ploughs , harrows , < kc ... 20 0 0

      £ 200 0 0 " What Interest has he for that which requires £ 10 b year to keep it up , by the renewal of dairy stock to its original value » He has just the £ 10 a year , which he lays by , if all goes well . '¦!¦ And what ia his remuneration ? Just the amsunt of comfort that I have shewn him to be partaker of ! And thus , for twenty-five years he and his family undertake great risk and responsibility , and at the end of that time are more than happy if remunerated with " his Honour ' s" bond for £ 250 . " ¦ ¦ •„ . Having thus shown the effects of the present system , he proceeds to contrast it with what would be accomplished ' 'by a morejust-and rational system of management , He says : —

      " Landlords ! let us now consider what a hundred acres of ground subdivided into ten farms of ten acres each is capable of doing ; how many it would maintaiH ; the description of maintainance ; and the surplus , after haying supplied the family , which it would leave for traffic in the manufacturing and commercial market . I shall , according to promiae , take the rudest calculations ; and , firstly , as to the gross produce . " One-and-half acres of potatoes , half an acre of fallow ,

      one acre of lay ( sward > oats , two acres of wheat , half an acre of meadow , quarter of an acre of nix with clover , one rood of kitchen garden , one ditto of vetches , spring and summer ; and four acres of pasture . Produce for family ' s consumption for one year , ( family consisting of a man , his wife , and five children ); sixty stones of wheat ; fifty stones of oatmeal ; five hundred stones of potatses ; twenty stones of bacon ; vegetables ; half the milk of a cow ; with poultry , eggs , and honey . . '; : ' . . : .. ' . . ' . ¦ ¦ " . .,:- . " . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ... ' .: ' :

      V Let us now see what this will afford the family per week . More than a stone of wheat flour ; a stone of oatmeal ; ten stones of potatoes ; for forty-five weeks , deducting seven weeks for Lent , ( a time when Catholics abstain from meat , ) two pounds of bacon on Sundays , Mondays , and Tuesdays , every week in the year ; and three quarts of new miik per day , twenty one quarts per week , — -thus estimating a ^ cow ' s milk at twelve quarta a-day for the summer seawn , and allowing ; one quarter of her milk in summer and the other quarter to be used in butter during winter ; but I take all as milk . Value of produce , after the above amount for consumption shall have been deducted : —

      £ . 8 . d . Nine bags of wheat , at twenty stone the bag , at £ i 5 s the bag .. V ............... 11 5 0 Produce of a cow and a half , valued at £ 8 per cow ............. 12 0 0 Five barrels of oats , at fourteen stone the barrel , at 10 s the barrel , or less than 9 il . per Stone ........................ 2 10 0 Profit on four bacon pigs , fed from May to March , and beught at nine montks old , £ 2 10 s . each ........................ 10 0 0 Profit on four sheep , fatted after shearing , 10 s . a head .... 2 0 Eggs , poultry , linen , ( or spun flax ) ...... 5 0 0 Those amounts , added , make ... £ 42 15 0 From which deduct : —

      Rent and rates ..... 11 0 0 Laid by for tbe girls' portion and cajsualities , per annum ... 7 15 0 ' ' ¦¦ . ¦ ¦ 18 15 0 Total ,........... £ 24 0 0 which deducted from the £ 42 15 su leaves £ 24 to be annually expended ia the manufacturing aud commercial market . " These statements wo think are sufficient to convince any mind capable of being convinced that the deficiency of food , 60 much complained of , is not to be attributed to a want of capability in the land ,

      but to a want of justice in the system and common sense in tho landlord ? . We now proceed to show that the land is capable of doing much more than Mr . O'Connor has calculated . In Mr . O'Connor's account of his visit to Selby we find an account of certain experiments , made by Mr . Linton , upon oiw-Mth of an acre of land . It appearsihat he has three-fourths of an acre , for which he pays four pounds per annum rent ; of thia only one-fifth is in a hi ^ h state of cultivation , from which , after paying a labourer three shillings per day for ten hours work , he is able to make profit at the rate of sixteen pounds per acre . He last year had one cow , but the produce was eo much greater than the demand , that

      ho has this year two cows , a flock of geese , some pigs , &c . Last year , with only twenty-four perches cultivated , the profit , over all expence ? * after paying four pounds rent , and after paying for labour , for seed , and all other expences , the profit was about twelve pounds , on one-seventh of an acre in producing order . If the whole was highly cultivated , as the grass land yields little or nothing , it would leave profit , after outlay and rent , eightyfive pounds per annum ; These are facts , and they warrant us in coming to the conclusion that the Waste lands alone , if highly cultivated , would produce Ahe necessaries and comforts of life for at least three persons per acre , that is , for forty-five million souls . .

      We think we have now proved beyond the possibility of Buctessful contradiction , that the British Islands can produce food for four times thoaumber of tho existing population . We will , however , add one calculation more , which will put the matter beyond all reasonable doubt . We will take the population at twenty-seven millions , and we find by the above table that the number of cultivated acres is 46 , 522 , 970 , to which add 15 , 000 , 000 , making a total of ¦ 61 , 522 , 970 . Suppose that only 45 , 000 , 000 out of this 61 , 522 , 970 acres are cultivated so as to produce food , per acre , for three persens , they would provide the means of subsistence for 135 , O 00 ) , O 0 O human beings , which is jiist five times the amount of the population taken at 27 000 C 00

      We leave these facts to epeak for themselves , and proceed to point out , secondly , the best means by which the natural capabilities of the land may be developed . Labour is the best manure , and the land will flourish more under tile subduing power of the spade , in connection with a huiBan foot and hand than by all the steam ploughs and new-fangled machinery that has ever been applied , to it . The labourer who puts hia earnings into the Swindling Sank truly earns wages to put them into a bag with holes but he who puts his strength and energy , and capital if he has it , Jnto a bank of earth * puts it into a bank that ; never refuses payment , and always pays in interest tenfold more than it receives in principal . We have got What is called a surplus population ; that is toeay , tie miogled folly and rascality of our

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      social system ha 3 drawa husdreds of thousands of our agricultural population , from the healthy and invigorating pursuits of country life into . those terresfcriai hellsp ! Leeds , MancheflteT , Stockport , and the other dena of darkaegsr , irbieh hare sprang np with mushroom rapidity under the blasting ininfluence of the manufacturing system—a systea which hassaidio gold "Thou art my hop © Y * andr to the fine g « ld v " Thou att my confidence . ? A system which , under due and proper arrangements , might have ^ been , and will onei day ^ ^ be , an incalculable blessing ; but which at present , under the

      directing influences of selfishness , avarice , and ambition , tike the locusts of Egypt , devours , with an insatiable appetite , every green thing . In connection with this system , we have a machine power which , though in ite infancy , is capablei of producing mora of ^ e necessaries of life in five years ^ ihan the whole population of the Globe could consume in fifty . Thus , tnen , we have a producing power which encourages in us a spirit of the most reckless and destructive competition ; and we have a landed aris » tocracy , who neither know their own interests , or care for tho 3 e of their country . The ono party hav © got power , which they refuse to relicquish ; the

      other party are seeking to gain the power , which , if they had itj they are too iRnorantto use for any beneficial purposed , A death-grapple is rapidly approaching between them ; and it behoves the people most : assiduously to watch every movement of their oppressors , andt 66 eizeoneveryfayourableopportuuity for elevating their own characters , and improving their own condition . The fact is , the people musk have the waste laud at all events , and they must have capital , without which to reclaim them is impossible . This capital niight be raised by the establishment of joint stock companies ; which , if

      fairly and honourably conducted , would be productive of great good : but these areliable to the objection , that their progress would be unavoid * ably slow ; they would partake too much of the nature of monopoly , and the advancers of capital would be almost certain to obtain more than their fair share of influence in the management of the concern . We do not say that these effects could not be guarded against , but we think a much safer arid easier plan , and one more likely to produce immediate beneficial results would be , that suggested by Mr . O'Connoh to the landlords of Ireland . . - . ' -. ¦¦ ¦ ¦ : ¦ •' " ¦¦'¦ .- ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦¦ = ¦ ' . ¦ ¦" ; . : - -

      a Speakings of the waste lands and the means of apply ing them to the relief of the cxistinff distress , that gentleman says : — " The value of those fifteen millions of actes , at twenty , years' purchase , at a rent of one shilling and fourpenca per acre , would coat Government £ 20 , 0 Q 0 , 00 <) , > ;•;? : :: " Now what I propose is , that Crovernment shall purchase the lands from you , say at that rate , and then , under proper official management , at tho head of which should be a Cabinet Minister , to be called the Minister of Agriculture * lease thsse lands at one shilling and fonrpence per acre in lots of fifteen acres , with a

      capital of one hundted pounds advanced to each tenant , subjecting the tenant ; t Da rent of five pounds per annum ; for the land and the interest of one hundred pounds atf four per cent ; that is , one pound for laud and four pounds for interest . " Thissumof £ 120 ; 000 , ^ 00 I propose to consolidate into one national fund , which shall stand as a mortgage upoa the fifteea millions of acres , and over whicb the ; Parliament I alone shall have control ; and that it shall not be a transferable stock , or a stock allowed to be made thei : mediuni of exchange , barter , ; or traffic in . the Jews' temple ; but that the Government shall merely be agent for the fund-hoider and fund-payer ~ receiving from the one and paying to the other .

      ** . I propose thatafter the first eleven years the tenant shall yearly pay ten pounds in liquidation of his debt ; thereby liquidating the whole amount in { the next ten yea r * , or with the twenty-first year of his tenancy ; at the close of which ' period—twenty-one yeara—I propese that the tsnant shall pay no more than the original chief-rent , of one Bhilling and fourpence per acre , and a \ l local taxes ; or a pound per annum for his holding for ever and ever , and Amen- ^ -until some future generation , in Us wisdom , shall see the State necessity of making the then occupiers —( themselves beingparties )—pay sometfeJDg more aa a quota of any national requirement . Now , those who are in love with a

      national debt as a bond of union , have ft here in the flesh and the spirit ; those who so loudly call but for the cultivation of our waste ands have here the only chance " by which their desire , which ia Improvement and the bettering of the poor man ' s condition , can be siibultaneously effected ; those who fear that population , presses too hardly upon the means of subsistence * have here the means of ^ obviating that disaster ; those of the school of political economy have here the practical illustration of one of their darling principles—rthat " when circumstances close up one channel of speculation

      and industry , other circumst-. rices open another channel ; ' those who would gladly find a resting place for the ' surplus population , ' made such by tbe substitution of artiflciar for natural labour ^ have here the har bour open for them ; jthose who would add to our now , aa they say , "too scanty surface of wheat-producing land / have-here an extension offered to them ; while , although I would much prefer the more improved field for the eistablUhment of a free labour standard of yaltie , I have no objection , provided he gels theineam , to allow my client to work cut his own salvation in the more barren field ? " ¦" ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦; ¦ _ :

      We know of no better way for the establishment of asystem of homo colonisation ; and we know of nothing but such a system « f co-operative unity as i 3 involved in homo colpnisation , that is capable of preserving the country froin ineyitabte destruction ' Let the people be drawn away from the manufacturing districts , and located upon the land , in eompanies of from twelve hundred to two thousand persons , of various ages , and capable of performing the various operations of mechanics , artists ,

      manufacturers , and agriculturists ; and let these be provided with the means of subsistence , and the materials for labour , and we have no fear for the result . Wo are satisfied that if the localiSy was well chosen , and the arrangements judiciously made , these actively producing would soon become self-bUppGrting colonies '; and that in a' comparatively shorfc time they would be able to repay the money adyanced for their establishment ^ and would becomo iudependent . of money-mongers , capitalists , Corn Laws , and foreign markets for ever .

      There are some things connected with these projected colonies too important to be omitted , though our space forbids us to go into ¦ the subject at length . Good water is an absolute reqnisite ; and the proxtnitty of stone quarries and coal or iron mines is a subject of no small iinporance where such advantages can be Obtained . It ia not likely that all the yariou ? machanical arts and manufactories can be cocibmcd in one settlement , nor is it at all necessary that they should . Local circumstances would mainly determine { he peculiar avocations to which the skill , industry , and capital could be most profitably applied ; aad each colony

      would interchange ita surplus productions with ifc neighbour , and thus a fraternal union would be established throughout the whole . The buildings would be no unimportant matie ; r ; : ; . Taey ;' . 8 hould be so constructed as . -to aid the purposes of health , cleanliness , convenience , and to combine the advantages of soci ^ bilty wii a the most perfect adaptation for-individual and domestic privacy . We would have them : surrounded with every appliance for the most perfect dovelopeinent of agricultural science , and with all the beauties « f nature and art , which the industry and eaterpriso of the inhabitants could procure or produce . Thug , a community of interests and all that is really valuable in social institutions would be obtained , while every man would feel him-¦ self invested with not only a right to the ^ posseesipn of the fruits of his own industry , but also of the power to Jexercise such right . All would beequal befbra the law , while the rights of private property would be individually recogiused and coHectively maintained ;; f , . . . ¦ : '' ' . ' ¦' - :. \ - ¦ . : ::. ' ¦ ::: ¦ ; ; :: ¦ "• ' ¦' . ¦ ' ¦ ' - ' ¦ ' ' : Let ua noW look at some of the results which would flow from a proper ^ appropriationof the means at our disposal . ' ¦ ¦' .. ¦' ; •¦ '¦ ¦' ¦ ,. ; : . . . ¦ ¦ ¦¦"• ; : ; . From all that we , have said i it is plain that the only elements reguisito for the securing of national prosperity , are ^ and and labo ur arid capital , in combinative unity . Of the first we baYe&vetiavsa more than , would sufiice for our present wants ; of labour , we hava a superabundance—willing and anxious to I ba employed ; and of capital nobody ever dreanja ; that there : is any lack . How-is it , ilieni we askj that we have millions in a state of pauperism , : or fast approaching to thai state i How is it that with { plenty of land , pien'y

      The Korthersi Star Saturday, January 1, 1842.

      THE KORTHERSi STAR SATURDAY , JANUARY 1 , 1842 .

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      4 : _ ^ . - - . THE KORTHBRIi ^ 8 ^ f ; A ^ . > :. ¦; .. /; ,. - ' . - , ; .. ; , : ; , r . . - . ¦ ¦ :. ^ [ - ¦ :: ¦¦ , > : Vv ^ U ^^ -s : ^^^ v ^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 1, 1842, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct411/page/4/