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FEARGUS O'CONNOR, ESQ., AT MANCHESTER.
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BLGOD¥ ANB=-¥EROCIOUS lattice: OF A BAN1> OF A^ASSINS, HIRED BY TfflELEAiGUE, UPON 1
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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IEAE&TJS : -O'GQpfOE AND THE CHARTISTS OF MANCHESTER ; IN WHICH O'CONNOR AND THE REV . ME SCHOLEFIELD ( THE CHAIRMAN ) WERE SERIOUSLY , AND MANY OF THE CHARTISTS DAN&EBOUSLY WOUNDED .
' TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS . Ht Beloved Fbibhbs , —What toe Birmingham ruffians failed to icoomplisK , Was nearly effected by » hire d band of the same fiction at Manchester , en Tuesday last . You are aware , that for a length rf tine , Ihad been engaged to deli tot three lectures at Manchester . I had an object in view by these lectures : that of axjjfifofljBgpy ^ otionB as to the jieeessity of frtaKlwhing fcgystem of small farms , and also my notions upon the Repeal of- the Union , and upon the principles of general legislation .
On Monday , I addressed one of the largest , most orderly , and enthusiastic meetings ever held is Manchester . My subject was the Labs . My second object was to enable oar Chartut friends , by my services , to pay off a hiftvy arrear of debt incurred in keeping np the Chartist agitation . The Her . Mr . Schole&eld was unanimously appointed Chairman for the coarse of lectures ; and you will best judge of our numbers on Monday sight , when I inform you that at one penny admission , the sum of £ 1510 s . Id . was received at the door .
During Tuesday , I learned that the League had hired a large body of blndgeonmtfj to attend the * Repeal leetaw . A paMiwtiw fcgnriag tb » same of Edward Watkins , extracted from ihe Manc heste r Times , and paid for by the I ^ agn «) was extensively circulated among the Irish , setting forth various fabrications as to { he attacks by the Northern Star and myself upon Daniel O'Connell , and professing N aa anxious desire for an honourable union of the good of all elasses , for the purpose of acquiring a repeal of the Corn Laws , Unmrsal Suffrage , and the Ballot . This inflammatory document was loua is denunciation of Feargo 3 O'Connor . I also received a letter , of which the following is a copy : —
Sib , — -Cireumstinces prevent me from seeing 01 fc pying 70 a while in Manchester ; but , believe me , I do sot fl'H" when I say my spirit and best "wishes an with yon . 0 ! Sir , beware of the Danites , Bladgeonites , Cobdenites , and the bloody Whig League , who will , if they fan , perform the last act of the Birmingham attempted tragedy , and rid as of oar Feargas . That he wbo hath preserved me for sixty-six years , may protect you , and crown your labeurs with success , it tbe constant prayer of your Humble Servant , PATBICK W . BCCHASa * . P . S . The bearer is my son ; Please to excuse the impeifectioM of the other side at they are
owing—To wist of light and time to think , Better paper , pen , and ink . Daring the day I learned that officers had been
selected for the purpose of marshalling a large body of Irishmen , who , under the command of Warren , Darby , Fmigan , and Duffy , were to receive wages and money for admission . At seven o ' clock , Hsrgraves , who had contracted for the Hall of Scisnce , came to my hotel in great excitement , and informed me that a body of about 300 men , with bludgeons , pokers , hatchets , and other weapons , had forced their way into the
Hall , and that many of their leaders had taken possession of the platform . Ha asked me if he should send for the police ? I answered "Decidedly not" Shortly afterwards the Rsv . Mr . Seholefisld arrived at the hotel , and laving learned what was going on , he asked me if ha should send for the police ! My answer was , u No ; I never will attend a public meeting under the protection of a police force , neither will I ever be instrumental in procuring their attendance . "
Well , precwely at eight o ' clock , Scholefield , Leach , Campbell , Hargreaves , Bailey , and myself started in a coach for the Hall of Seiesee . When we entered , the cheering from all parts was deafening . When the cheering ceased , a partial howl was set op on the platform just behind me , and which was responded to by a band in ihe centre -of the Hall , and immediately under' the platform . Daffy then proceeded to move that a person named Doyle , ( not the Chartist , ) should take the chair . This was seconded amid loud cries of " Scholefield ,
Scholefield . " Daffy then proceeded to t * ke a show ¦ ofhanfe for Doyle , when about six hundred hands of three hundred persons , each holding up boft , were displ ayed for Doyle , and for Scholefield the whole of the remainder of the meeting held up both hands , giving Scholeneld a majority of -at least ten to one in the estimation of many disinterested " persons . When the show was taken for Doyle , a person behind me said , " You see , tee have -a majority . " * Wait a bit , " said I ; « if you have , Doyle shall have the chair : it matters not to me who the Chairman is . "
"When the show wa 3 so manifestly deeided in &ronr of Scholeneld , Duffy turned round and said , "Gentlemen , Mr . Doyle wiU now proceed to take the chair , " Mr . Scholeneld at this time occupying it . Upon the instant , Scholefield , chair and all , t » w Kfted from the platform , by a set of ruffians , who collared him , and tore his clothes to tatters . The signal was then given by a fugleman on the platform , when instruments of all sorts were brandished in the air . I and others seized Scholefield and fee chair , telling the Chartists to defend their chairman . In Ies 3 than half a minute , the mahogany tiblea , chaira , ga 3 pipes , and every available article W * 3 iapiece 3 , some of the chairs and fragments of
awes being thro rrn down by the ruffians on the platform to the ruffiins in the body . These missiles wets immediately flung at the platform , some af the *®» ssia 3 having jumped off and several more being knocked off in the general senffls . I saw one rascal aiming ablowatScholefield ' shead withtheleg of a table . Scholefield avoided the blow and it came with tremendous force upon the head of some young Bun . I am informed that he is seriously injnred . I struck that man in the mouth with my left hand , and knocked him down . At this time , Leach , Campbell , * nd another CampbelV a fine fellow , seized fast hold of Scholefield , keeping him is front of the meeting , while another party wa 3 endeavoaring to drag him sway .
The missiles now began to fly in all directions at ibose on the platform , when I went in front , took off my hat , and cheered the Chartists on . While I was in the act of cheering , four or five of the Chartists—young Campbell being the only one I knewrushed to the front , and seizing me by the collar aad body , attempted to drag me back , saying B Feargu 3 j they'll murder yon , that ' s what they have
eoae here for . " As they were in the act of pulling o * back , I received a blow of a large stone on the left shin , that knocked me down on a bench . I got ° P , and now stones , from a pound to three pound ! i $ it , pieces of iron and missies of all discrip--iJons began to fly round me . Whittaker and two -or three others seized me by the collar , and while " < k * gging me back , I received a blow of a stone on the breast and one in the neck . I then turned
waad to those who held me , and said , "for God's sake let me loose , I must jump down . " Just - * 8 I turned round I received a blow of some sharp instrument behind , which cat my hat through , and as I fronted the meeting again , 1 received a tremendous blow from a large stone just a-bove the right eye , which knocked me down , the ttood gushing out copiously . Higginbottom , Whittaker , aad two or three lifted me np and dragged me off the platform . Higginbottom and Whittaker took m » into a public house , where -washed the blood off and then we proceeded to nay loteL
Shortly after , Mr . Scholefield arrived with hia face disfi&newd in a most shocking manner . He received a dreadful blow from a stone in the mouVh leaving a large , cut and loosening his teeth , and a stocking wound , —two indeed—one on the nose , * nd the other one just in the corner of the eye . Many others subsequently arrived , all more or less
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injured . Doyle with bo ; many wounds , that on leaving the hotel he fell , and was obliged to be taken home in a coachf : he is horribly crushed , beaten , and trampled and jumped upon , Campbell got a violent blow on the head ; and Bailey ' s face is wholly disfigured . Bat this is only a list of the comparatively slightly wounded . About eleven o'clock , Dr . Hnlli , who had been on the platform , arrived , and informed us that he had been engaged for m « e than two hoars in dressing the wounds of the Charthts , two of whom , he said , were likely to lose their intellect and become
idiots for life , while many others were dangerously injured : Oae man fainted while he was dressing his head . Besides those whom I have seen , and those dressed by Dr . Hulli , there are others here much more dangerously wounded . Poor old Swires , a veteran of sixty-seven , i s nearly killed . Murray , an Irishman , and also a veteran , president of the Redfem-street Association , is shockingly mangled ; while poor Raiton has had one of his arms broken in two places , and has been otherwise Berioasly injured , hia head fractured in several places .
Freak accounts are hourly dropping in of parties whobi * tfc fM ^ brutaDy treated . andas thp n ^ p » the ^^ P ^^^^^^^^ Hj ^^^^^^ V ^^ H ^^^^^ D ^^^^^^ BjBft ^^^^ I ^^^ E ^^ vV ^^ I ^ B ^ Ht ^ P ^ L a ^ L ^^ L ' ' ^ E ^^ E ^^^^ f ^" " ^^ W ^ D ^^^^ K ^^^^ L ^^^ B ^ V ^^^ K ^ T ^ Z down oh passing through ten or a dozen ruffians in the streeta with huge bludgeons in their hands . Young Mr . Lerercshe , reporter for the Alan Chester and Salford Advertiser , was knocked down by those ruffians , and had his head and other parts dreadfully wounded . He is now oonfined to his bed ; on getting home he discovered that his waistcoat pockets were fall of clotted blood .
About eleven o'clock , Sir Charles Shaw , accompanied by Captain Sleigh , waited upon me , and in the presence of James Leach , the following conversation occurred : — Sir Chas . Shaw—Mr . O'Connor , I have called in consequenee of what has happened , to apprize you , th&t if any riot or injury to person or property should occur daring your stay in the district , I shall hold yon responsible , and I am determined wheii such occurrence does take place , to remove the cause by arresting yon .
Mr . 0 Coknok—Sir , you have given your determination ; now hear mine . Should any violence be done to me , or to my party , or to the property of my friends during my stay in this district , I shall hold you responsible for every such act of violence . If you are an inspector of police , I am a barrister ; and as you are neither the law or the constitution , take care how you act . Last night , when no disturbance was apprehended , your police were at the
meeting ; when you might have anticipated , from the current rumours , that a disturbance would take place , you had no force near at hand . On Whitsun-Taesday , you allowed Messrs . Cobden , Potter , Walker , ani others to create a disturbance , and a gross violation of the peace , and yon never interfered ; and you knew that the offenders of that day were to be marshalled for the same purpose , and similarly instigated for this night ' s proceedings .
Sir Chables Shaw—Mr . O'Connor , I have nothing to do with the magistrates , and I could not , consistently with my duty , weaken the necessary force at other points for tie purpose of sending men to the meeting . A man has been lodged in tbe lock-up to-night for having struck you , and I shall require your attendance to swear against him to-morrow morning . Mr . O'Connoh—I cannot swear to any man , and will not appear . Sir C # ables Shaw—If I send a message by a policeman , requiring your attendance , will yon come ! Mr . O'Cokkor—No , because I have no evidence
give . Sir Chables Shaw—Well , I thought that more courteous than summoning yon ; but I must send you a summons . Mr . O'Coxnok—Ta « n , of coarse , I shall obey the summons . Sir Chablts Shaw—Mr . O'Connor , I hope if I should FIND IT NECESSARY to send a polioexaan to apprehend you , that yoa will make no resistance .
Mr . O'Conkob—Sir Charles Shaw , I undebstand tou now : ihis is but PRELIMINARY to anothbb stop J however I know my daty too well , and have too much respect for the laws to violate them by disobeying authority ; if you send a policeman for me , I shall go quietly with him : but take care what you are about , for , most assuredly , after what has transpired at this interview , I shall feel myself bound to apply to the Secretary of State for the Home Department as to your jurisdiction . You appear to have wholly mistaken your power .
Here the conversation ended . One of the parties who was foremost in the fight was apprehended on Tuesday evening , and handed over to the police . He was brought up for examination this morning , and having been convicted , was bound over to keep the peace . I was called on as evidence against him , but knew nothing whatever about tbe man . Well , to . my surprise , I learned that Duffy , the ringleader of the Plague , had applied for a warrant against me for striking him , and knocking him off tbe platform into the body of the Hall ; and , after a very long and patient hearing before Mr . Maude , the
very best Magistrate I ever saw , the case was dismissed , the Chairman stating that be much preferred a blow of a fist to the cowardly practice of throwing stones in a crowd . I should , in justice to the Chairman , state , however , that one of Duffy ' s witnesses plumply contradicted Daffy ' s evidence , . by stating that he did not see me strike- Duffy , nor did he think that I could have done so unnoticed by witness . It is now over ; and I most solemnly declare that I
did not touch Duffy any more than the man in the moon . The whole of the furniture of the splendid Hall was smashed to atoms ; some of the forms were cut up with HATCHETS brought for the purpose , and my only surprise is , that some hundreds were not murdered . Resolved not to be intimidated , we have issued placards that I will this ( Wednesday } night deliver my lecture upon the Repeal of the Union . And not satisfied with last night ' s work of destruction , the town is posted with large posters to the following effect : —
" Ieishksn Repealers of the Ukion , assemble TO-NIGHT AT THE HaLL OF SCIENCE IN YOUB THOUSANDS , TO MEET THE EJfSSUES OF DANIEL O'CONNELL , WE HAVE GAINED A YICTOBY—ATTEND TO-NIGHT A > D WE WILL COMPLETE OOB VICTOBT . " ~ Kow , there are forces immediately at foe disposal of the moral-force Corn Law Repealers of Mancbes « ter , and to their nSe has a portion of the £ 10 , 000 made at the Bez&ar , been appropriated j and these forsooth are the parties with -whom tbe Chartists are' asked to unite . Chartists , this is the second
attack made upon me and other Leaders , as an earnest of the good intention of those who cry out union . I have the heartfelt pleasure to inform you that the trades of Manchester hold a meeting this evening , to be attended by delegates from every shop , and the prevailing opinion is that , in a body all will oome out for the Charter , but only on condition that it is not to be mixed up with any other question . Is this , then , the time fob subkendeb No , my friands , ojtwabi > xkt > we comjceb , bacx-WABD AND Wi PALL . THB CHABTKB AND NO
SCBBE 5 DEB . The . Second Edition will contain a report of this night ' s proceedings , with asj farther circumstances which , may traxspire in tionnection with the bloody attempt of the League . Mindt I blame not the Irish half bo much as those moraWowe cowards who find pay and money to defray , all the expences of . ^ yjacal-force aggression and . panting . Who
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now are the ** moral" and who the ** phyncahforcf parties f Not one Chartist at the meeting had even a rodi n his hand ; and were . brntally set upon as I have stated . Unite and e firm . Ever your faithful friend , ^" ^ Fbabgus O'CosftS * . Manchester , Wednesday . P . S . I have just seen Leach , and he informs mo that £ 5 were offered to any man who would throw me off the platform into the body of the Hall , and , moreover , that many of the Irishmen dt the Repeal party are thoroughly disgusted with the brutal affair ; and it will shortly be proved that each man
who attended was paid one shilling for his services , and a penny for his admission . The League , has paid for tbe reprint of Watkin ' s inflammatory publication , and abofor the bills now generally posted , calling on the Irishmen to complete their triumph to-night . Men of all parties and politics , with the exoeption of the League , are disgusted beyend expression , with this last kick of the expiring faction . One Chartist jumped from the gallery , a great height ; he is secretary to . the Miles Plaiting Association . I regret to afy : that the poor fellow is seriously injured . The greww BXjOH » MBtot prevails as to this night ' s meeting . ''' Yours , F . O'C .
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Daring the last week , this town lias been placarded , annoaaoing that the above gentleman would deliver three lectures . The following is a copy of the placard : — "Men of Manchester , —Feargns O'Connor , Esq will deliver three lectures , in the Hall of Science , CamDneld , on Monday , Tuesday , and Wednesday , the 7 th , 8 th , and 9 th of Much next , 1842 . The lecture on Monday evening will be on the land and its capabilities . That on Tuesday evening , the 8 th ,
will be on the Repeal of the Legislative Union between England and Ireland . And that on Wednesday evening , the 9 th , on Class Legislation and Government . Admission to the bodyof the Hall one penny ; Gallery twopence ; and Platform sixpenoe . The proceeds , after paying necessary expenses , will go towards the payment of the outstanding debts of the National Charter Association . Doors open at six o ' clook . Chair to be taken at eight . " Signed by order of the Committee ,
" John Mitbbat , Secretary . " Mr . O'Connor having promised , when he first entered Manchester after his liberation , to deliver a course of lectures at the first opportunity , great anxiety was manifested as to when that would be . The notice having appeared upon the walls last week has led to very great excitement , both in Manchester and enrroundins district . The Committee , in arranging for the doors to be opened at six o ' clock , took a very creditable , b $ > caasewi 8 e and judicious step , inasmuch as it prevented the rush which would have beeo the consequence had they been closed till a later hour . Two honrs before the time of meeting , gronps ( in
order to secure a place , anticipating that the capacious room would be crowded ) were seen wending their way to the place of meeting . When we entered about Beveno ' clock , the room , which is capable of holding upwards of three thousand , was three parts filled , and was filling at the time very rapidly . In order the better to pass tbe time , the Salford Chartist brass band , who had volunteered their services to the good of the cause , played a few lively tunes . The ball wa 3 brijiantly lighted up with gas . A large number of middle class men were in the gallery , and a good sprinkling of females . The platform was crammed with respectables to excess , and the body of the hall was completely wedgci with Mr . O'Connor ' s real genuine "blistered bands , "
fustian jackets , and unshorn china . So anxious were the people to get a glance of the expected lecturer , that as gentlemen entered the platform they , expecting it was the great chief , commenced cheering and continued until they discovered their mistake . By eight o ' clock there was one dense mass of closely packed human beings . About ten minutes after 8 , Mr . O'Connor entered the platform by a aide door , and the effect produced on his appearance waa truly electrifying , and beggared all attempts at description . There was one feeling of enthusiam through the whole meeting . Mr . John Mubby moved , seconded by Mr . G . Habgbaves , that the Rev . Mr . Schofield do take the chair , which was carried by acclamation .
Mr . Schofield , on coming forward , was greeted with several rounds of applause . He said he was happy on the present occasion to meet bis fellow townsmen again . He and they had come together for the same purpose , viz . to hear their worthy friend give them a lecture upon the land . As the subject would , he bad no doubt , to them equally with himself be a new subject , they would feel as much interested in it as he was—( hear , hear ) . He then claimed a fair hearing for the lecturer , adding that after he had finished he ( Mr . O'Connor ) would answer any questions which might be put to the satisfaction of every individual . He would preside to the best of his ability , and a 3 men of judgment , he could entertain no doubt that their conduct would
be creditable to themselves as well as gratifying and satisfactory to their esteemed lecturer—( cheers ) . Having made these few remarks , he would with great pleasure introduce the worthy lecturer—( cheers ) . Mr . O'Connob then rose , amid general cheering , clapping , stamping , and other marks of applause , which lasted a considerable time . On silence being restored , ho said that , as had been observed by their Chairman , he v ? as going that night to propound to them a subject which was somewhat new . He did not think thero could be a more appropriate time to advance his opinions upon this subject than the pre-Efcnt —( hear , hear . ) He did not come there as a hired lecturer , to support principles to which his
heart was not attached . He came there to advocate principles to which he had been long wedded—the derelopement of which would , he trusted , be highly beneficial—as a thorough knowledge of them was requisite for the future stability and progress of the cause which he and hia friends had espoused—( cheers . ) His lecture ' that evening would be dive ? tsd of personalities , abuse , slander , and declamation ; and , as such , he belie red it would command their attention . They were called upon , after ten years' administration of the Whigs , which was to have been a cure for all evils ; and seven or eight months' of administration of the Tories , to look for a medicine for a disease of the body politic which
would become chronic , if it w as not destroyed by some Bkilful hand . ( Hear , hear , and loud cheers . ) And sorry should he be , for the purpose of popularity , to propound to them a principle , which was not practicable . It would be for him that evening to make a breach upon prejudice , and thus make converts to their principle . There was no good to be obtained from a medicine , however efficacious bo long as the bottle was kept corked . There was no use in propounding a remedy , without the ability and power to apply it —( cheere ) . There was no use in propounding any thing so long as equal , fair , and unrestricted legislation was denied ; until the people fairl ed
were y represent . his scheme couldnot be of any avail . For tea years the system aad been in a state of political ehaos . I * waa known that the remedy of the Whigs and Tories was quackery , as a nostrum for the present evils © f jsoolety ; The land saw parties the votes : and votes gave the power in the Government . In 1832 , the Government waa elected under a perfect understanding amongst t ' jie people that it would for ever destroy and prevent a borongh mpngering Parliament ? yet , after ten yes rs iaflueaee of- such Parliament , they saw Bobby again in office , supported by a majority of J ' - > 3 boroaghmongers in the House oJ Common / , . Then they would ask themselves who they were that had placed the present . party in the ascendan / jy ? So long as one man ' inrigerty ; constituted aw ther man ' s title
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to rote , aided by other influences which at present existed , so long would tho power be monopolised for class interests , and they , the people , would be placed in the condition they then were . Mr . O Connor then showed how the ten pound vote with its qualifications was nearly the same as £ 20 for a house before the vote waa secured '; and that the land gave the votes , and the votes gave political power . He then went into the system of wholesale letting the land instead of retail , and thus being applied for the sustenance of the people . The distrefl 3 of the country waa admitted on all hands ; and the man who could produce a remedy , with the least possible disorder and with the least confusion , would prove most beneficial—( hear .
hear . ) The land produced wheat , and wheat , bread . Mr . O'Connor -then went into tho system of rentals ; and argued that und « r a proper 'regulation , there would be no necessity for tbejpeople to be dependant upon Poland , Russia , or Prussia , for a breakfast . He then showed how the land had secured the farmer ' s vote ; corroborating his statement by the fact of he himself being a barrister-at-law , and a practical agriculturist , which had given him every opportunity of having a proper knowledge of the subject . He next showed the relative position of the artizans under the smoke-ocraoy , and the labourers under the sod-ocracy in doing which he elicited loud cheers . As they could not , with any degree of propriety , either tax , restrict , or stop the
impjpVAinent in machinery ; the question came next , how they could so regulate h aa to prove man ' s holiday instead of , : as how , his curse—( great cheering . ) Mr . O'Connor then made a supposition of a man plaeed upon land a distance from Manchester , and a man in the manufacturing town ; and argued , ( having given his statistics as to what the man upon the land could produce !) that aB soon as the manufacturing operative was thrown into the streets by the introduction of machinery , he would go out to the man upon the land , and ask how he lived , and the answer would be , that he worked so many hours to the day , and 280 days to the year , and his family , seven in number , eat plenty of good bread , garden vegetables , and thus lived as
God and nature designed —( cheers)—and have at the end of the year £ 40 to spend in the market—besides the quantity of wool and flax which he would be euabltd to obtain—( hear , hear . ) He then showed up , in a clear and logical maaner , the artificial syBtem , which forced man to fill the pawn warehouses with goods , while he was himself going naked . Mr . O'Connor here challenged refutation respecting his calculations . Parties who scarcely knew whether they dug potatoes out of the ground raw , or that they £ rew , ready buttered , may attempt to contradict his statement in their newspapers , but never to confute them by fair argument . Indeed , instead of confutation , it was botheration—( cheers . ) In the artificial system of life , there was
manhood , middle age , and infancy , rising , eating , and sleeping all at once . Mr . O'C , argued then upon the efficacy of the Charter in putting an end not obly to this state of things , but to prevent crime , and drunkenness , and elevate character . He then shewed , by fair calculation , that instead of not being capable of maintains 27 , 000 , 000 , it would provide eufficisnt for 80 , 000 , 000 to live in comfort , peace , and happiness : and contended that the universal cry should be , restore , restore , restore—( cheers . ) The railway travelling bad been the same to the - horse- - , as machinery bad to them . In proportion as railway travelling advanced , the horses were reduced in value and deprived of their corn . They were reduced in their feedB until they were Bold to the
knacker for horse flesh for the dogs—( hear , near . ) He then shewed the savings of the man who lived upon his estates , doing the work by hand instead of horsepower , giving facts and figures for every position he took ; shewing that what it would take in food te keep thirty horses would maintain three hundred nun , in addition to what he shewed could be saved by his * plan of manuring the land and deducing likewise from his foregoing arguments and premise ? , that it would stop the influx of foreign corn , give high wages , cheap bread , and plenty of employment . He looked with little confidence and great suspicion upon those who were for making them comfortable all at once . If they were pained at the heart , as he was . to see the gaunt
misery , wreteaednett , thd distress , stalking through the linfij and M » witaess the pale countenances , anil the emaciated coifrtitutlens , as the result of long confinement , noxious atmosphere , starvation , hunger , andidespair , they would assist in the alteration of the system . After touching upon several other topics , the talented lecturer Baid , that it was his conviction , that if the Almighty was to send down a Bhower of gold in Stephenson's Square , the authorities would form a line of military round it , backed by aline of rural police , to prevent the people from receiving any benefit from it , so that in due time they might reap the benefit of it themselves . ( Loud and continued cheering ;) He then gave some excellent and welt arranged calculations on
the land question , and when he had explained this part of his subject in such a manner as to come home to the capacity of all present , he declared that if the Whigs had performed their promises and had done their duty to the people , and introduced the principles of the People ' s Charter , they would have destroyed Toryism , and for ever—( hear , hear , and loud cheering ) . Mr . O'C then showed the fallacy of the steam lords who assert that there were more mouths than food to feed them , and illustrated very plainly that they had themselves made food dear to the operatives and filled their own pockets . If a cotton master having 1 , 000 hands under his employment reduced his hands 4 s . per week , he took from them mor 3 than would supply them with bread for a
week , and put £ 400 into his own pocket every year of his life . The lecturer went on to shew how it operated to the injury of the shopkeepers , by taking money out of circulation , preventing the people from purchasing necessaries , and , consequently , prevented it from coming into their tills—( hear , hear , )—and argued that it would ultimately fall upon the smokeocraoy themselves , by reducing them to beggary . He next showed how the large manufacturers had competed against the small ones , and driven them out of the market and to bankruptcy ; and to such a pilch was the system brought , that there was no \ certainty in the investment of money . ; A widow , through the inducements which had been held out respecting the large per centage 6 he would
receive , had invested £ 10 , 000 in a railway or some such undertaking , at the time when she expected to receive the interest due , she was met by the directors , who told her they were very sorry to inform her , that owing to the speculation being a failure , both interest and stock was swallowed up —( oheers . ) He then advortod to the tract published by the Rev . Baptist Noel , who ho said had been made chaplain for writing fallacious nonsense , and he ( Mr . O'Connor ) had not been made a Bishop for answering it . ( Loud cheering ) Every man , eotid Noel , in order to shew the benefits ot' machinery , could produce £ 200 worth of goods by it and steam . What , or how ; much , was the working man ' s share ? Mr . O'Connor then compared the relative position of
the landlords , who had many of them their estates mortgaged , with the ootton lords , who had boasted of being able to purchase the estates of the landlords . He then handled some statements of Dr . Bowring . This gentleman had stated that a working man eat a quarter of corn per annum , and shewed how many quarters of wheat the money taken from the operatives would purchase , following up this b y comparing how much the working man had for his share with what our beautiful Queen received , contending by such rules the Queen either eats or drinks all the oats and barley which are imported into this country , adducing figures according to "Cocker" to bear him ont-- ( ckeer 3 ) The lecturer then went through the various hands into
which the loaf had to fall before the working man could have his bite ; sn « h as ^ li ^ OO& . OOO to the Church ; £ 29 , 000 , 000 to i > ay the interest of the National Debt ; £ 23 , 000 , 000 to sapport the Government and Standing Army ; profit class £ 140 , 009 , 000 ; besides the idlers , paupers , and pensioners , who had to be kept out of the poor man ' s earnings •„ and taken from tho sack —( cheers . ) He wished them to take the clog off , and level the waters which they could only do by giving to every maa a vote . Did they want 2 , OO 0 , © 0 Oof ouarters of wheat ? Why , then , take £ 4 , 00 & , 0 d 0 from the church . Did . they want 4 , 00 » , Q 0 & of quarters , take £ 1 000 , 000 from the church , and if mare , tak * £ 1 * . 000 , 680 ; which would open , t * them them the sanctuary of 5 , 000 , 000 of quarters of wheat * for them—( laughter . ) Did they want more , sweep off the Debt * the Army money ,
& 0 . & 0 . —( lavghter and applause . ) Then the noblemen might i » TO their parks , race courees , and pleasure grounds . Bat neither party would do that ; nor wosidtbey ask them ( the people > to doit—( hear . hear ) AlthoB&htlkeGovsnunent of the country was a Tory one , they , the people , were under local authorities : their lives and propertiee were tunder the command of the local authorities . When masters wished to reduce wages they applied to the local authorities to furnish them with Rural Pohce to assist them to carry their designs into execution . There was the police to hold them in subjection or walk the streets , and the Bastile yawning at them iT they dare kick against oppression ; they knocked them down with the Poor Law and kept them down -with the R » ral Police . Mr . O'Connor explained the manxxwr in which the manufaeturera induced thepeople income from the agricultural districts in the - ^ &njJtii&e of :
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their prosperity , and how whole families were sold like goods in the markets , and now machinery had rendered them useless they turned their backs upon them , whioh had , in the first place , taken the labourers . from the land , and in the second place had been the means of , preventing more corn from being grown than what was , and threw the land into grass land —( hear , hear , and cheers . ) They wished them to turn back again ; the operatives answecuno , they would not ; they would rather remain slaves as they were than adopt a step which would shew tieirown folly , and how grossly they had been deceived , and their , the 1 master ' s , ingratitude . The conduct of the masters in that respect put him in mind of a gentleman , or rather a Scotch carrier .
Who made a practice of tossing up as to whether his horse should have a feed of corn , or himself a glass of grog ; but it never happened that the horse won . At length he tossed him over a cliff , and killed the animal , which brought him to reflection ; a&d then he exclaimed , " Would to God he had looked to the animal that supported him . " The manufacturers would ere long turn and say , that if they bad looked more to the interest of the people , instead of all to themselves , they would have supported them . ( Cheers . ) Lord John Russell would say , " Would to God he had depended : upon the people , . instead of the aristocracy , " ^ and then he would have been able to destroy the sting of Toryism ,, whioh will sting him to death—( laughter . )
The people would have been satisfied had he not pried ** finality , " bat progression . Yes , but some of his opponents asked whether there : was , not the same misery in Ireland as in England . Mr . O'Connor then alleged that it was the same circumstance in both : countries which caused the poverty , namely , the labourer being deprived of his vote * The labourer knew that if be laid out £ 2 in lime for the improvement of the soil , he would be doing itfor tho landlord to receive the benefit instead of himselfr- ^ i ; " hear , hear , '' from the Irishmen . ) The lecturer then went through many statistics , proving the capabilities of the land , and showing now it would produce more wheat , cattle , butter cheese , frnit , &c , and contended that the
industrious portion of the community could get none of it . The question with them was how they could get it ? It was not by putting a large loaf and a small one upon the top of the pole which would satisfy them , because it was equally as easy to put a large oae as a small one—( heAr , hear ) , Cheap and dear were relative terms , and it would make the poor man's heart burn to sea the large loaf , if he had not , at the aametimei the means of purchasing it —( hear , hear ) . Mr , OC then shewed that a reduction in taxation , unless the people were properly represented would be of no benefit to the many , and instanced the tax taken off leather , and many other things , had not made shoes , &c , any cheaper to the working man . He likewise i . amed several places where corn could
be grown cheaper ; but under the present syttem , these who stood betwixk the corn and the . working man would monopolise all the benefits to themselves . He would put a question to the females present , who would be able to give him a correct answer . Had they not gone to the baker ' s shop for a stone of flour , for which they might pay , for the sake of argument , 2 s . 6 d ., and in a short time after , perhaps only the next day , they have applied again , and there had been in the meantime a storm , and without the least interference of Parliament , it has risen to 3 v a stone . ( Females- " That's true . ") One night ' s storm would raise the flour ; but it would take three months' sunshine to bring it down again : the ; bakers' thermometer was regulated by the sun r- ( choew . ) Mri O'Connor then related an anecdote
concerniug , himself and his butcher , the substance of which is the following : —He rwanted a shoulder of mutton . The butcher brought him the whole quarter to look at . He ( Mr . O'G . ) told him to cut off the Bhoulder : the quarter itself was only 2 s . ( id . ; but when the ' shoulder was cut off , he asked him the price , apd the butcher told him it was 2 s . 101—( laughter . ) Mr . O'Connor asked him the reason , and the reply was , '' that cutting off the shoulder had spoiled the ribs "—( laughter . ) Now , it would be of no service for him to go through the country if 4 he people were well clothed , well fed , and well sheltered . He wanted to so arrange mattera as to let every man be a consumer as well as a producer , instead of the present system , which caused them to live
from hand to mouth . The mastera wok ^ very oppor tunity to make inroads upon , the rights of labour , and when resisted and remonstrated with about it , they conceived they had accomplished a victory , when they had beaten their poor workpeople . They , when questioned upon such improper conduct , would reply , "Do you think that we are going to succumb to the licentiousness of a domineering , ignorant , impertinent multitude 1 " The leoturergaye this in a satirical tone , which nearly convulsed the audience with laughter . He next mentioned a case of reduction of Moriey arid Boden , at Derby , and gave a true description as to how it would operate against the shopkeepers by taking to the tune of £ 300 per week from their tills . He mentioned this at the meeting
whilst he was there , and the shopkeera wished him to repeat it again . He did so ; and then they could see it , and began to scratch their heads—( laughter . ) These gentlemen , too , were Corn Law Repealers—( hear , jhear . ) It was more politic , more prudent , more * wise , more statesmanlike , more philosphical to look to the laud of their own country than to look to the land of Poland . If they -were to have a repeal of the Corn Law ? , without accompanying measures , it would bring about bloody revolutions , apd nothing could prevent it but the Six Points of the Charter —( loud cheers . ) They wanted cheap food and cheap labour , in order to meet the foreigner ; but , in order to do that successfully , they would have to adopt a system of
cheaper freightage , and other things , before they could undersell the foreigner , if the present taxation was retained . Besides , the inventions and iraprovements , and bringing ih new machinery , would be a barrier against the working man receiving any benefit , was ihere to be an extension of trade by a repeal of the Corn Laws—( cheers . ) The cotton masterB had jumped out of fustian into broad cloth , but would they jump back again ? Whilst the Whigs Were in office , the people were called destructives , who called put for a change ; but no sooner are they on the other side of the Treasury Beuch , and 123 of a majority against them , than they are so enraged that they cannot carry on : their agitation without setting fire to straw men—( cheers . )
One of the ministers of the gospel had engaged to do the work of the fell destiroyer . Ho would bring 100 , 000 starving operatives from Manchester to groan at the Tory Members , and shout for a Repeal of the Corn LaW 8 > Mr . O'Connor : said he would chance that . He would take the command of them , and see that they did not starve ; and , if they brought them up Repealers ^ he would bring them back Chartists . He then went into a variety of subjects—spoke for two hours—during which time he proved himself a good general , a sound politician , a statesman , a clever reasoner , a patriot , and a Christian . He was listened to by the audience with marked attention , only interrupted with cheers ; and , when he concluded , the cheering was really deafening . ¦ ' '¦ ¦ "' ' ' ' . ¦ ' ¦ ¦' .- '¦"' .. ¦ :
Three cheers were given for the Charter , O'Connor , Frost , Williams , and Jones , and the Northern Star . ;> . ¦ ;; ,, ; ¦ " ; . V / . . ¦ -, ... ; ,. . -.-V .:. - ' ^ - - .- ^ r-:: ' : .. A vote of thanks was then given to the Chairman , and the meeting dispersed , highly delighted .
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Nottingham . —At the weekly meeting in the Democratic Chapel , several new members were enrolled . Thanks to , and confidence in Feargus O'Connor were enthusiastically voted . OnSw » i > aV Afiebnuon Mr , Dean Taylor preached on Nottingham Forest to a numerous and respectable audience , and again in the evening , at the Chartist Chapel , Arnold , to a mo 3 t crowded meeting . Cobn . Law REPEAtEBS Canvassing fob SiGtJAtures . —A week or two ago , Wat . Nelsoa and Wm . Sills , employed as canvassers for signatures , went to
Birmingham and Nottingham , ; and stated to the Chartiststhere . that they had been authorised by the Chartists of Nottingham , to call and request their signatures to the Corn Law-Petition , which proves to be a complete impositloa oa the part of the hired Whig tools . - ; : " - ¦> /; .: ¦ r-. - ' r : r . . . " - S ^ --, . ¦ :: . ' ' i ; ::::-Taa Convention . —Ail persona having petition sheets on hand for , the great national in Nottiughamsaire , wilt be active and get them filled , and return them to the Secretary of the district , ( Mr . W . Russell , care of Mr . J . Sweet , Goose-gate , Nottinghanv ) and - all monies for the Convention must be made payable to Mr . J . Sweet , Goose-gate , Nottingham , as early as possible , by a Post-Office Q > der . "¦ ' ^¦^¦ ' : ' ' '¦ ¦ : ¦ :.:.. ' ¦ ' -: ¦ , ' ¦' ' , ¦¦ ¦' -- ¦ ' ¦ ' : ¦ : ¦ . ¦¦ ¦ ¦
Mttholmbotd . —Any lecturer wishing to visit this White . Mytholmroyd , and bring his credentials from the sub-Secretary of the association to which he belongs . - -k ' . > V : '¦•• - - : ' - ¦ ¦ ¦ V ' ; - ; - : ¦¦ -:-.. ¦' BtBTON-TrpoN-TRWn ; . ---On Monday evening we had a splendid Chartist tea party , got up at a few days notioe , by the active Chartist members of this place , when about ninety eat down to tea . ; TuESPAti- ^^ On tbiEii day ,-.-Mt . ^ Taylor , from Nottingham , lectured fai Mr . Tysack ' a Urge malt room . It was said to be the'largest in-door meeting ever h . eld in this town . :
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( rits ^ fct <^^ Lt ^ f ^ t ^ i ^ iJejgJ- T &r THE BUDGET SPEECH . We shall publish this day , ( Saturday , ) about 12 o'Clock , a Third Edition , containing the Financial Statement of Sir Robert Peel , and the debate on the Budget . Agents should send their orders for this Edition immediately .
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CORRECT RETURNS FOR THE LONDON DISTRICT . Returns furnished per Wheeler . Per HaynanL Mr . M'DoualL ..... 706 ... 40 Mr . Ridley A 03 ... 9 Mr . Stallwood 251 ... 32 Mr . Parker . 218 ... 13 Mr . Fussell ....:.... 165 ... 1 Mr . M » 6 rath 145 ... 2
Mr . Watkins 113 ... 9 Mr . Knight 91 ... Mr . Benbow ...... 68 ... Mr . Roberts ... ~ . ; . v 60 ... 5 Mr . Barmby ...... 58 ... 6 Mr . Balls t ..,-. w .,.. - 56 ... 19 Mr . Fox .... ; ....... 6 ... 2 Mr . Rainsley ...... 2 ... 1 Mr . Robson ......... 1 ... Mr . Martin ......... 1 ...
The London men will perceive that I have this week inserted the last returns from London , and tha returns this week are for the three same individuals that were returned last week , viz , M ' . Douall , Ridley , and Stallwood . : Mr . Morling has resigned , consequently- Mr . Bartlett , of Southampton , will be the candidate elected in conjunction with Mr . Woodward , of Brighton * for Hants , Sussex , and the Isle of : Wig ) it . : V ; -: ¦ . ¦ , ¦ ¦ v ; . - .: _; ^ - \ , . v ; v-v -, - . ; . ¦ : ; : ; : - - i ¦[¦ ::: ¦ _ Last week- the number of Votes from Wigan , Bolton-, Chowbent , and Redfern-street , Manchester , ought to have appeared . : I mislaid them , and did not perceive the errOT ; until the Star appeared .
LANCASHIRE RETURNS ; ¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ - . " ' ' '¦ ¦ ' ¦'"' ¦ . ¦¦ ' ? I ' . - . '¦ ¦¦¦ ¦' ¦ . ' ¦¦ ' ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ' * 3 ¦ ¦ ' .. ' ¦' ¦¦' . ¦ . ¦ . ¦ p ' • ' >« - ¦¦ ¦' ¦ ¦ < 5- " a ¦ . ?* . . . ¦ : a • ¦ . : ' Q-o h- <; ^ S ¦ ¦ ¦ ' H ;; . : ; " . ; ' ; ' ; S . '¦ ¦ ¦/* . ' " - '' pai-r ' : ^ Last week ' s Star 548 606 1066 165 Wigan ... 33 1 $ 5 47 Chowbent ... - ^ 10 20 33 Bolton ... 44 54 43 15 DERBY , LEICESTER , AND NOTTINGRAM ,
RETURNS . ¦ : f rv | . | ¦ ¦ : ¦ .: S . I : 1 : 1 Nottingham ... 650 471 345 283 Leicester ... 348 112 158 468 Derby ... V 48 47 79 124
Total , 1046 630 582 875 The Derby , Leicester , and Nottingham returns arrived too late for insertion last week . ; J . Campbell , Sec .
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Sowerby . —On Sunday last , Mr . P . M . Brophy , of Dublin ,, delivered a very able lecture at this p lace .: ; ;; , - ¦ ¦ . .. ¦ ¦ . "¦" ;¦ . ¦ ; ^ -v '¦''¦ ¦ ¦• . ¦' ¦ ¦ - ' •• . LEicEstEB .- ^ bnr l 'Shak 8 perean Association" this day ( Tuesday ) numbers 934 . The •' . complete' * snffragers are trying every scheme to draw off the people ; but all ; their efforts only serve to brinR put the " workies" in greater numbers , to the open and determined support of the whole Charter . Mr . Cooper preached to a crowded audience , in' the Shaksperean Room , last Sunday night ; and on Monday evening a densely crowded assembly listened with inconceivable interest to an address of two hours' duration from Mr . Dufify . the late tenant of
the Northallerton ^ Hell-hole . " The audience were alternately melted into grief , and kindled into exasperation , at the patriot ' s recital of hia sufferings beneath Whig rule ; and , anon , urged to uproarious laughter by the flashes of the speaker ' s wit , couched , as it is , in the richest vein of the brogue of green Erin . His visit ¦¦ will belong remembered . Gxoaious News .--Chabtism jn the Ascendant . —On Friday week , a gentleman of the name of Winks , a member of the Town Council , Chairman of the Select Vestry , ( and who , in the days of ] M »*™; w tati 6 n , '' t ( Mk ;'' » 'yery . '' promineni'i ^( :- > bnt- ^ e ^ manyj <^^^ d ^^ la ^^ a ^ Bmceteen pretty 8 ilent inithe enjoyment of office , frequently opposing Chartist principles , and denoudcine both
publicly and privately the leaders who have figured conspicuously in defence of the people ' s rights ) announced by handbill his intention to deliver an address in the Town Hall , On the necessity of a union of the middle and working classes , to secure a full and fair representation of all classes in the Commons' House of Parliament . " The Chartists of All Saints' Open , with Markham at their head , attended to watch the proposals of this middle-class conciliator , and adopt such steps as , on the spur of the moment , should seem most essential to the interests of Chartism . The Hall , which is computed to hold two thousand people , was crowded to overflowing . Mr . Winks appeared at the time , and was received coolly , without a cheer from Whigs er Chartists . He laboured through a long lecture , in which he professed an agreement with all points of the People ' s
Charter , save one- —Annual Parliaments ; to this he objected , and preferred Triennial . The meeting , however , would admit of no exceptions . After excellent speeches from Messrs . Markham and Bowman , they adopted unanimously , and with loud cheers , a resolution for the whole Charter , "bristles , snout , tail , and all , " a * the only remedy for our national ills . Mr . Winks , eying Markham ' and Bowman , said , " I expect these gentlemen are preparing to give three cheer 3 for the Charter ; but let me first have three for the right of all residents to a vote . " ( " No j the Charter . ") No sooner saidithan done . "Now , let me have three , '' said Mr . Winks . ( " No ; Feargua O'Connor , ") which was responded to as before . The meeting ; broke up at a quarter before eleven o ' clock , and all parties appeared highly gratified with the result .
London , —The O'Brien press committee met last Monday evening at the Dispatch Coffee House , Bride Jane , Fleet-street , Mr . Johnston in the ( Bhair . The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed . Mr .. Latuche gave in his credentials to sit on the committee from the Chartist tailors of the Red Lion Kmg-street , Golden-square / Messrs . Wm . Hogg and Johnson were appointed to wait on Mr . Morton , the late secretary of this committee , to obtain an explanation from him of circumatancea of a distressing character as regards the interest of this coommittee . It was moved by Mr . Smith , and eeqonded by Mr , Watkins , that the whole of the subscription books shall be called in by the 38 th instant , agreed to . The secretary read a statement of the receipts and expenditure . The committee trust that the members of the National Charter Association will become subscribers to the forthcoming raffle , at the Craven's Head .
Walworth . —At the Ship and Blue Coat Boy , a strong resolution of thanks and confidence in Feargus O'Connor was voted at the usual weekly meeting . No . 55 ,-Old Bailey . —Mr . Mead lectured here on Sunday evening . At a meeting ot the Chartist Silk weaver * on Sunday evening last , the following resolves were past : —1 st . ¦ ** That a general meeting of the Chartist weavers be held on Sunday next , March , 13 th , to elect ak delegate to the County Council . " 2 nd .
" That Mr . O'Connor receive pur wanaest thank 8 , and that we express our disgust at the cowardly treatment he received at Birmingham , aad we hereby express our confidence in hint for his unflinching advocacy in the people ' s cause . " 3 rd . M That the thanks of this meeting be given to Mr . Preston , for the lecture he delivered this evening on the land . " A vote of thanks was given to the Chairman . Several new members enrolled themselves . The meeting is held at the Buck ' s Head , James ' sstreet , Church-street , Bethnal Green , near Shoreditch . - • . ' . ' .: ¦ " : ¦ ¦¦ ¦¦ •;¦ ¦' : , "' : - ' . /; . ¦ . /¦ ¦ ¦' .. - ¦ ,:. ; . ¦
Election of Delegates fob the Counties or xiddlesex , Kent . Si / BBKr , and Essex . —At a public meeting , held in the Hall of Science , City Road , on Tuesday evening , Mr . Cameron in the chair . Dt : M'Douall , Mr . Ruffy Ridley , and Mr . Edmund Stallwood , were elected delegates for these four Counties ; after which Mr . Parker moved the following resolution : —That this meeting pledge themselves to support to the utmost of their power , both pecuniary and otherwise , the delegates they had then elected . " Mr . Siipson seconded the resolution , which was put and earned unanimously A vote of thanks was given to the Chairman , and the dissolved
meeting . : D « tfobd . —We are advancing as well as can b « expected , consid « riog the opposition from interested parties . The following resolution was passed unanimously at our last meeting :-. ' ? That » vote of thanks be given toFeargus O ' Connor , Esq . . fornis aternand valiant condnct on the pat t of « ie people at Birmingham , and for showing to the League that money will not buy , or threatsintimidate , Wm ; and also a vote of jtbanks toHhw © brave worth * men who 8 tood so firm byionr Champion ; likewise to those gentlemen who assisted him ^ in his perilous Bituatien . ; . ¦;¦ . '¦ ¦ ; "¦ ¦; . ; . ;;¦ . ¦ ¦ . ; ;¦ ;; . - ¦ ; . ¦ ¦¦ ; .. ' ' .. - ¦ . ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' : ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ .. ¦ ¦• . ¦ ¦ . - . - ¦ . ; Mr ; Benbow iectured at the Horns , Crucifix I , aue . on Monday © Tening . Six new members were enrolled * . ¦ ¦ •¦ ¦ : ; . . ¦ ¦ :.- ; ' ' - . ; ¦ : . ' : ' ,: - . . - . ¦¦ .. - . ¦ ;¦ . ¦ ¦ . - . -. ¦ ¦ . ;¦ ' '
Feargus O'Connor, Esq., At Manchester.
FEARGUS O ' CONNOR , ESQ ., AT MANCHESTER .
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JlND LEEDS ( JElpRlL ADYEETISEB .
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YOL . , y ; ffO . 226 . SATURDAY , MARCH 12 , 1843 . '^^ wStSSSSJ ^ SST " '
Blgod¥ Anb=-¥Erocious Lattice: Of A Ban1≫ Of A^Assins, Hired By Tffleleaigue, Upon 1
BLGOD ¥ ANB =- ¥ EROCIOUS lattice : OF A BAN 1 > OF A ^ ASSINS , HIRED BY TfflELEAiGUE , UPON 1
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Thdbsdat Aftebnoon . —The Manchester Mail has just brought us an account of the Wednesday evening ' s lecture , which went off as peaceably as if no one but the lecturer had been in the room , though the Hall was wedged until not another human being could be squeezed into it . Ruffians are ever cowards , and so the u League ' s" bludgeon-men , when they saw the working men ready to receive them , "were as quiet as mice . The night before they had it all their own way , few working men being present , it having been agreed that they should attend tbe first and third lecture , and leave the second to the Irish O'Connellite Repealers , with whom it appears that Mr . O'Connor ' s arguments are far less powerful than the w League ' s" blood-money .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 12, 1842, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct421/page/1/
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