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TO 3HB rt-aa OF THE NATIONAL CHASTER 3^ ASSOCIATION.
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CANTERBURY.—On Monday, a lecture was delivered in the Guildhall of this City, by Mr. J. Campbell.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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TMSSiaH" ^ ^ li ha 3 been By ? * ^ ad before yon in my real character ; ' *? Tontopaz eontB -ralne and of mj consis-^ in Ja ct the is bo person foi whom I have ^ ihsronf i eontempi than for the man who **^ a double character . ^ % e-openiD 5 of the question of the Execntive in £ * . ^ 5 / . without any apparent ground , ** ^ Sloped and fb « people had thought thai . "SfcittCM were healed , has placed me in * fS ^ Uou . On Monday I am found in comwith him and ;
P ^^ isa James Leach , acting & .- „ iiiB , 351 think his services deserve ; and ^ d » j i , e is represented in the Northern Star 0 ^ iih whoa ne honest man would be associated ?** cffiaal capacity . I imagine that the * * - tr of eisrmsB presiding oTer a meeting of f * -L j 3 * n tfficial capacity , and I congra-? f ° ? ^ jaec ung upo n his appo intment ; ther e-^* T > 1 as 5 oait « d -H-iih James Leach ; and as I « i jlltiose ^ to be consistent it now becomes my ^ ta lij tefo " J &e P ** that * iaTe tekea ^ &i ! ui ® xdatJW to the Balance Sheet of the 2 ^ sETe , » 3 tbe mode resorted to by Mr . H'll , in Pc&ctj of Editor of the Northern Star , in U Vibfcir conduct before the Chartist body .
i « s * iw ? p awaje of tbe < hfficu 3 ty of m ? To interfere capricionsly with the Editor s % 7 ^* j ) eeD an act of despotism ; and to allow ^ ijErt to proceed , when , as the Proprietor of 53 „ , 1 was not sitii-fied with the position ** JTj ^ the Editor , would hare been weakness ; st lie was st irecte t 0 the
Wsa ? ^ > * * " " ° < * T ^ j ^ jtt See t , 1 l& ^ bl lhat it was done in a be-^ T njaittr ; bat when the in temperance of the t ^ sLj forced the Edaor from his impregnable ^ gcoa-ef Huun el and induced him to assume the . j-. ef Mcaser , ^!* of opinion , and remain , dat he jisaaontd his strong hold . 1 saw the JassaiT ofjtiOse 4 ^ * 1106 w > all the rule 3 of our ¦
vfaaiiiaas ; I a' ths fatal consequent of any i ^ rait nciiwa of those rules ; J read the whole jjuse > 5 sini 5 the ExtcuiWe , and also the circum--j ^ tvJtntc irt-Bumny parts of the country , " pifcciic ^ I ° f neglect was sustained ; and jg ^ a arcpcioaa , 1 trust , as any man , 1 neTer jjti s = a ia tbar coiidact that amount of guilt , ri « ich it has beea characierised-Tj hs « passed over lie neglect would hare been
£ 3 £ iK , not © nlj 10 the Chartist boc ' y bat to jf Liw = n « ihtntrtlTea ; while to have magnified $ 2 errors woold be lo deal unjustly with them . injiLiiTOsfor the correction of tie wrong ; and 3 ? if : ! Rdeanns was the deviation from the preraedralstshauld hare been laid before the country , j si : the opinion of tbe Chartist body might be ^ ijsesed spo n the < juestion : and it was because 2 k ; air , in the manner and language in which s tsirse was made , the probable frustration of jE ii 3 n& > h object , that 1 the more regretted it . Mist persons have supposed that 1 was not only 3 pajESof , bstf&Ycnrable to , the cooise pursued by 2 Khor of the Star ; and , had the contention
¦ & £ , I ihoald hiTe preferred labouring nnder this s ££ 2 eeasnre , to re-openiug the breach . The time s notr come , howeTer , when I amst justify rjs !?; and wi : h that intention 1 beg leaye to state , s as cutset , that so fax from being a consenting Kjiotha cmtroTeisy I was most nneqmroeally c ? D > ed to it ; in proof whereof I feel myself io 3 to laybsfore you the following correspondence lias psssd between ilr . EiB and me . Us Erst notice of the matter which appeared ^ sant to my feehngi , Lrevl in the Siarpreceding ft . DacsDinbe ' s Tiai to Manchester ; and immehuij upon perusing it I sat down and commuuiajed my dissafeficSon of the course pursued by Iz . BIS ; and that is the first letter referred to by rs in M 3 replj . The secoad letter had referenoe to sirricte in whieh hard uame 3 were used towards is Execstfre , and also to aa article npon the Inraordinary Docameu ^ or the-Address , supposed
nan-been issaed duriug the reeentstrlke . I never isjtojjsof ray letters , as I ne-yer anticipate the ressn t » Bang them for the purpose of justifying Kjs 2 ; isTerer , in the suljoined letter yon * 3 a * figie qnotatioas from these letters to 3 a ? jn » . ibe conclusioD that , from the first , I was © edts 3 k coarse pursued by Mr . Hill , or rather ZZen&qf bjoHrj ? 7 m charges . & funoroig is ilr . Hill ' s reply to my two Js < SE ^ atMsnibject ; and as the date is important
•*? JOErttteahon to it : — leed * , Sstnrday eyening , Bee , 10 th , 1 S 42 . J& stij Su , _ i neTer do anything hastily if I Eaip % , beeaase 1 ^ eceially find things flastBy » to U a ] d ^ ne . I laiTe tfcerefore taken time to «* - ^ iedb p of surprise and astonishment -sritb pal ia 3 jonr Ian letter to subside , before I sat *** » vhvb It ^ iMjot try to answer so mnch of it as I can « aasdin ] ly ; or at least as fully as may be neces-^ tcamj Trnderatanding ^ ach other . aii
, -nay omit notlung in replying to it , I * h » tt "wa J « Hapb as 2 jo on . irabtpn thu : _ " j did think that fire years ina-S ' Cir * 1 > ££ i ef fiiendship , shonld ham insured ^ , 2 rLf * epti 0 D &I m ? e ^ sarrationa . 1 seyer fJ ^ J Ihe language of dictetian - nor often of reiTT ? " , £ honld lu > t Btn * ""ri 16 y 3 " ^ ere able wif ^ t Bflt I Qid ^ Q in my power to start iCtw" Vas ^^^ 'Me dressing , to send iSL-Trf * i ^ instead of a carriage . F < tr no-w tel ^ IvrfJl ** TfcJ 7 ffl—dangerously w , other-• -1 Cwi laTH * . sooner interfered . "
^ a 7 ^ ? ' feel ^ K ^ ed that you will be-* £ ~ By liat tbe B 6 ini of yonr ^^ fi ^ b& . ^ * : Z ? d J h "e thB « ncerest hope that fcy fc a * i y be allrmted . The first part of the sC , r , ^ ^ teriy unable to -nnderstaad , as I J ^ - «* to * hat " obserrstioDS- you refer . If Kw , cbserrations contained in your pre-^|^ a , i mnsi rtaind yon that I did not Tecd ^ e fei ^ iTftt , 3 rtide » "fared ^ " » d com-^^ > fe r ^ P ^ tMs , I need but refer ^ sw . rSS ?" * " ^ m ** fr it : ~ " As to the * K ^ - ^ ^ Xpt :: Jditllre of the EsecutiTe , I think ^^^ v Dot £ X 3 ctJ 7 compreheiid . " It v " --racre , hrve been ar . v n > t = rv ^^ . ;•„ + v ; .
, ^ ? -&si ^ f £ IptCted ?»* I should defer , in I aissn * r , Bj > on which Jour preseEt letter ?* **« . * ¦?• - 1 haTe neir 6 r i 12 ^ froHi you any * «¦ i ^ . ' v ?^ 11116 at ^ ^ pon the matters at ^ * i ^ a ** pEfee , compelled to thini tiat yon v ? aza&- ~ f ^ f ^^ miscoEcepSon arising ^ fr ^ ^ 'atem o ! facts , as I do trust l Saa = io ^? ^^ iaown me bas giTen yon ^ i 5 ^ >^ - ^^ * oI » srTations froa yoa ^ iS ^ T * " ^ Mt b 9 B «» £ sar 7 ; ^ i S . aass ^ ^ e ^ n that JaB ^^ y ^ Hj ^ t eomMSed with the interests ^ ^ S t 7 « , »* P «* nl deference sod more ^^ Sg ^ ? 00 - And I regret much t ^ ^ ^ us * S ^ yia ^^ < io—that I v ^^ iTier-IrSr to Saax ofcserratioiis-wheu » iki C * ^ - * 'ran Trfcfcn / U 3 ? - « o »^^ „_
V ^^ to ^*** ' - ^^> t not I alTrays >*« * hfe ^ 7 a : 1 ^^ obserraSons , ^ ngges-C * -1 tev-a Vir ffi 05 i ^ speetfnl and attentive ^ ^ Sar' ^ T ^ ^ KTcared la ^ haterer cod-^ . '' «»* a-Wfc ? ^^ m ^ t , bo io act as to 5 ^? «« 5 SSr ? 'V 3 ^ cf ^ when tt to Zy ** - 1 fc ^ Ton ^ y tbat yon hare SS ^ i-fia bSfc *" * 1 £ h 01 l 3 di ^ ^ »»« a iSS ^«*« b »« 5-. --^^• deJ ^ P » 3 Mt tfcatl ^ id hope the ^ to ^ T a ^ ? ° ^ be n » d , « I to not fc at ^ * ^*^ ; * m 6 ti ifc iras s ° s - jg ^ SlJi . *' " " * Bf f ^ SRtoL jBly ^ whsn iD - * B » « . **¦ larij ^® 611 3 ^ *<> theEuU iwim-- ~ rs Let m * u * ""* raj -fn / - > ,. » - _ v _ ii s ^ j _» rf i iuateau ci
= s *_ , _ . — " « er teta ; — """ yw 1 7 X f ^ fws ^ *" 1011 - J Perfectly remea-* S £ at ^ l yo 11 ^ e » me month of ^^ fcieaK ? ' "tha t the Leicestershire % & *» * r W" 3 S 3 SE ssfitS 2 *^^^ W ^ l » S ce "A going on . Indeed , ^ C ^ SSL f i *^ both aent by the * JtK , *« tCSJ ^^ njnnUafing witxi " ^ t »« 7- ^ PcndeMe was not " going
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the appearance of another balance sheet to note its effect However , 1 am to conclude thai yon are right ; and that my recollections are as wrong as they are strong and dear . It may ba matter of regret to the Hull councillors that they should not have your approbation or their proceedrap ; but 1 have yet to learn that that fact should render their proceedings nugatory , and deprive them of ttteir rigbt to act on their own judgment . If this paragraph mean that the finil councillors ought not to use their correspondence , because you are not fayonrable to it , I fear ycur enemies would deem this a - ? ery close approximation to that "language of dictation" which yon affirm that you never used ; if it do not mean this , 1 confess that I am usable to discover any meaning in it
Yon say that you are not to me or any one " a false friend . "' Sod forbid that you should ; J , at least , have Eiifivred enough from false friends without finding one in you-Tuu go on in yonrletter to eay : — *• The moment seised for denouncing M'Donall , was he even a robber , -was most unfortunate ; while the terms used in branding ths acts of the Executive blamable . though not venal , ven highly offensive , and pre-eminently calculated to lessen the feeling of proper regret which a calm exposure would have ensured . "
Never were words more adroitly and rightly used than yonra in speaking of those acts . They Were , indeed , bltnneable though sot ve ^ al . " ti » j Were " mortal " sins against the ttry life and principle of democracy . Not the result-of a hasty and thoughtless Indiscretion , bat committed deliberate ^ after repeated caution ; cloaked over at first vriih as much low cunning as could have been exhibited by an Old Bailey pick-pocket , a d afterwards , when stripped of the disguise , brazened out with an impudence but seldom met with , even in that fraternity . It is not very easy in " branding ai ; ta '' like these to find terms in which to do it which shall be other than oflensivs U > tbe perpetrators ; and 1 trust that no person , save , perhaps , yourself , honestly ci * post-d to view the subject on its merits will think the terms I have used in this matter to be at all stronger than the case required .
Y * u proceed : —" The mention of the document and the mods of mixing il'Douall ' s name as part in it was unfriendly . " This , as applied to my remarks on the balance sheet , I cannot -understand ; for the plain reason , that in none of those have I said a single word about the document- " I am not in the habit of thus jumbling things : nobody ever does who has not Bome sinister end to
serve . Yon go on : — " And good God jngt now , while all are under prosecution , to have Iigh' . ed tuch a torch among us . ' " You foTget , Sir , that it was sot 1 , bit your own ? £ Ts , the ¦ Executive , who lighted the torch . I did all 1 could to prevent its being lighted . Bat to sit calmly and see the people Tobbed and laujhed at without speaking did not comport with my disposition . J envy no man who could . You say " plunderers , robbers , transportation , and so forth , are scarcely tbe fit terms to apply to men upon the first announcement of theiT fanlt "
If the fault be plunder sa& robbery , " as in this case it is , I know not why these should not be the fittest terms of alL But without argninz that point with you , I bej ? to remind yon that it -was not in " the firs , announcement of their fault that those terms were used . Their " fault" had been announced to them by at least three different and separate parties , before ihe St * r said a stogie- word . The Hull Councillors , the Leicestershire delegates , and the Metropolitan delegates had severally announced the fault ; and it was not in " announcing the fault" at all , but in exposing the impuSent " brazening out" of Campbell , that they
" expected the country to be delighted" with the robbery , that 1 adduced the parallel case to show how very " delightful" it might have been under other circumstances . I should not have been surprised to find Campbell oi M'DDuall placing this in the light in which you have placed it . It is very natural for them to seek to wriggle out of the mess" by all sorts of Eiisrepressntations and quirking falsehoods ; feut 1 have no right to expect % ou to misrepresent -what I say for the purpose of censuring it . From you , at all events , I have right to expect justice ; 1 ask no more from any TTinTV
And then again you say : —*• And then the allusion to Leach's and Campbtll's shop 3 was in bad taste . " Now , this is a gross perversion ; and one that from you I had no right to lock for . It assumes that I spr-ke nf their shops per se . I did n » such thing . If you had taken the trouble to read the article , instead of taking Mr . Campbell ' s version of it , yen would have known tha . t Campbell was complaining that he had no funds to pay the wages of himself , and Leach , and Bairstow . I showed that the Organisation gives them no title to wa § es when not sitting . They are not sitting now ; and I did ask why we should pay them wages t , ou > when Leach and Campbell are minding their shops , and Bairstow is getting wages as a lecturer ? I ask it yet . I never hinted that Leach had no right to keep a shop ; thgugh I do maintain that tbe Secretary has no right to do anything , but give Mb whole time to tbe duaes of his office .
Yon " fear that mnch private pique wil ] be set down to the account where remonstrance alone % hould have stood . " There can be no doubt that the fellows will labour hard enongb to make it seem as if my honest watcbfnluess for the people ' s cause and purse was tbe resu t of some petty personal feeling . That is their game . But though they seem to have played it successfully upon you , I dont think they will succeed with the people . And whether they do or not is all the same thing to me . I seek to serve the people , not to please them .
Your next paragraph is a strange one . It runs thus : — " I have no doubt that the country would have takes a calm remonstrance kindly , whiln they will , and I think justly , look with . disgust and suspicion upon roany of the charges and terms ; especially any reference to the ' Executive Document , ' which was lugged in , head and heels , without any ostensible cause . " Now , rom you , tt-is is most incomprehensible^—indeed it is too bad . " 1 once more repeat what , if you have Tead them , yen must know—that in no ariide irhidt J hate ¦ tcriiten upon the Balance Sheet
business , or vpon ihe Executive at all , have J said one word about thai document . There was a distinct article npon the •* document" separate from any consideration . of " Executive" matters at all , headed The last Shift , " and you . seem Bomehew to have jumbled tbtm To that article you xeler in your previous letter , and you say : — " The article upon tie Executive Document 3 do not exactly ccaiprehciid either tfce meaning or the utility of , " Now let me try if I can help you to comprehend both its meaning and its utility . In the Statesman of November 5 th , Mr . J . B . O'Brien published the statement , which I send you here ioclosed .
" Talk of spies indeed : of wToimeis too . ' Way , spies and informers are gentlemen , in comparison with tho . " * black-hearted , peifldieus demagogues , who ran look on cold-bloodedly while conspiracies are being formed to involve innocent people in ruin , and who , fer the sake of the after-constquences to themselves , can coolly see those conspiracies explode , and scatter ruin and disgrace all around , while , with a single breati ., they might have blown the conspiracies to atoms , asd thus saved all , without as much as naming or touching a hair of tbe head of any of the conspirators themselves . Lojk at the case of Griffin , too . ' What occupation w jnld there have been for that fellew , had there not . been a perfidious demagogue base enough to draw up a boastful , lying , document with bis own
hand , in which he deliberately tells the country thai everything was Teady , and that , in eight days , the turnouts might calculate on the movement being universal ? Nuw , this wicked flemsgogue knew well he was uttering falsfchoeds ; for he not only took good care not to father his own cfivpring , for he actually disowned and « pit npon it ; and while in the document of hia own drawing ( but the responsibility of which he took care to throw upon otfcer * j he undisguisedly invited a genera ] rising of his ' Imperial'" dupea , be bad afterwards the oxnpsialleled baseness to -damn his own work in his own n rwspaper , and t « s treat as madmen and fools those who nv . " ght act upon bis advice : thus not only making a lau . tfaiEB-stock of the people , but , after bringing them iBto daBger , basely deserting them , and denouncing his
owb a'Cts * Dd advice , in order tosecurehis own cowardly carcase ircm the consequences . Talk of Griffin , indeed ! God foitid we should be Griffin ' s apologist The fel-Iow ' j coD < 3 oei has been bad as bad could be of the kind : but , nev&JEih&tess , it is innocence itself , is comparison with that of * fre cold-blooded manBter who , while he was telling its is his newspaper , that the strike could not -succeed , and that it would only do damage to the cause , nevertbe ^ s , did secretly draw up a public anonymous address , is which * he gave the Chartist public every assurance of aoecess , telling them that the whole machinery was perfect , and that in eight days the
turnouts wonld iaTB it * H their own way . His dirty tools and fenatic follower * msy toy to gloss over this conduct as they best can , but Jo men of plain sense and virtucos feeling it admits of bat one construction . They will see in it only the conduct of s ieartieas villain , who cared nothing for the dangers in which he involved others through his lying address , while he took precious good care ofhimself , by disavowing his own acts and his own policy , in his own newspaper . To that which brongbt danger on others he took care sot to append his name . To what was intended to provide for hiB own safety " he took good care to append Feargus O'Connor in fuIL "
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There is , at all events , no mistaking that ! Its object and purpose are quite sufficiently plain . It was copied the week after into the Weekly Chronicle , and would , if not Btopped , have " gone the round . " I wrote that article , *• The last Shift , " for no other purpose than to stop it . It did stop it It has not bsen copied into any paper since . And even your way of thanking me for the service does not make me regret having written it . You remind me that " just bow , every spare line should be devoted to the Birmingham Conference . * * I think you must , see < if you read the Star , which upon my word I begin to doubt if you ever do ) that the Birmingham Conference has not lacked its share of -attention .
You speak of th's as " an unpropitioua moment for the revival of old or planting the seeds of new controversy . " Once more I must remind you that these charges do not apply to me ; and I protest against your thus applying them to me , for the purpose of shielding those to whom alone they do apply . What may be youT reason or motive for thus pertinaclonsly misrepresenting my acts , and then censuring your own misrepresentation , you be * t know ; I cannet divine it In my avowed enemies , I can perceive a reason , and a motive for it ; in you I cannot : so that I have tbe mortification of smarting under effects which I cannot trace to any cause . Yon next say : — " I really am more than at a loss to furnish a sufficient reason for tbe mode of attafck , and mean to propose the appointment of a committee while at Birmingham , to investigate the whole affair . '
1 really am more than tired of reiterating protestations against this cruel and systematic perversion . / have made no attack upon any one . When the Balancesheet was published , all I did was to ask the people to read it . 1 did not give an opinion of my own ; I did not even hint an opinion t-f my own . The Metiopolitan Delegates examined and censured it Campbell published a letter of explanation . Tbat letter of explanation was a public document , and it was my duty to comment upon it- I did comment upon it in such terms as my judgment dictated to be tht > most appropriate . It may suit the Executive to call this an " attack . " It is
their game to divert the people ' s minds from the question by making them suppose it to be a qnarrei between them and me ; I ixpect them to take that position ; but 1 havo no rigbt to expect it from yon . I have a right to expect tfcat you , at al ] events , will withheld your censura until you have made yourself distinctly acquainted with the facts . I don ' t ask from you any more favourable construction of wh * it I say and do than 1 have a right to ask from any impartial per sou ; but I demand that you shall not do m » an isjvstice ; that you shall not misrepresent facts and pervert reasonings , and then censure your own misrepresentations and perversions .
You will , of course , do as you please about moving for tbe Committee at Birmingham . 1 am tell you , that I will never recognlaa nor answer to auy such committee . That is the very taing they want J To divert attention entirely from their own malpractices , and fix it on " the brutal attack of Mr . Hill on the Executive . " I shall not permit you thus to play their game for thein ; at all events , I won't help you te do it And , independent of that consideration , the press shall never , in my person , be degraded to such a position as you would thus place it in . The public at large is the true censor of the press . What 1 have written is before the people- They will judge of it ; and I have no fear that the major part of them will judge correctly . I have
never given forth an opinion far which I havo not given the reason on which it was founded . They have it all before them . 1 have given ample room for explanation and defence . They have both sides before them . 1 take the verdict of ihe whole people ; not of any individual clique of persons . [ Upon reconsideration , since my Setter was written , J retrod this paragraphreserving to myself the right of using my own judgment whether I answer tbe Committee ( if one be appointed ) personally , or refer them to what I have written . In any case , 1 shall deny the right of any such Committee to treat the matter as a personal matter of crimination and recrimination between me and the members of tbe Executive . —Monday morning—W . H . ]
And now , my dear Sir , permit mo to retort upon you yoar own words , " I did think that five years' intimacy —not to speak of friendship—should have secured some better reception for my observavionB . " You ought by this time to know something of my temper , something of my judgment , and something of my honesty ; how is it that , whenever & time of difficulty like the present comes—when a storm is to be encountered for the interest and safety of the cause—when duties of the moat unpleasant and painful character are to be performed—not only is the guidance and battling ! of the storm entirely It ft to me , but the work is made
harder by throwing into the mess your own mid .-onceptions , and your heavy private ceusnres , levelled always at those misconceptions ? It was thus in the case of O'Brien ; it is thus now again . How is it that your confidence , and your affection , and your kindly regards seem to be entirely reserved for your enemies ; while your suspicious and your groundless censures are equally reserved for these whom you know to be entirely devoted to principle , and to be aa thoroughly devoted to you as such men ean be . I have thought much about it I am puzzled with it It is a very curious and painful phenomenon .
I must itow bring this long letter to a clese . To no other man that lives would I have condescended thu explanations and remonstrances contained in it ; seeing that they would be all precluded by a mere reading of the fjcts and arguments to which they refer . I do not think that in like circumstances , I shall ever again permit my personal regard for you so fax to overcome my natural pride of character . I am , dear Sir , Tout ' s ,, most sincerely and faithfully , Willi-am Hill .
Now , altbongh I am not very ceremoniously dealt by in that letter , I shall not make more comment upon it than is necessary for my immediate purpose . When Mr . Hill says that he did not receive my first letter until after the article complained of had appeared in tbe Siar , he is quite right ; nor could I have written it upon anticipation that such an article would appear . I wrote it on the day on which Mr . Duncombe was at Manchester ; and by reference to the date it will be found that that was on the Monday after it had appeared ; and , therefore , that I did not lose much time , nor did I wait for any expression of public opinion to form my own notion .
Tee next point on which I would briefly dwell is tbe correspondence between the Hull Councillors and the Executive . My impression respecting that correspondence was , that it was wise and judicious ; and as a controversy upon the same subject wa * going on in Leicestershire , I recommended thai instead of publishing resolutions upon exparle evidence , a Eimilar course should be resorted to by the Chartists Of . Leicestershire ; convinced that such a remonstrance would hare the effect of correcting any error that had been committed . I do not Bay that H was intended for publication ; but had it beeu so , the Executive should have been warned of it .
It is folly to talk of the virtue of man . We mnst treat him as a fallible being ; and , at the time , it struck me as if some of the correspondence and resolutions passed had not the genuine stamp of virtue upon them . I by no means refer to the letters of the Hull Councillors , which were most judicious ; but I do refer to the long withholding of them from the public , if iL tended for publication . I learned from all that was passing at the time , that there was a disposition to fall foul of the Executive ; I did not gather this from any particular source , but from general observation , and I warned the Executive of it .
As to Mr . Hills "honest watchfulness" I never , for one moment , doubted it ; but I did doubt , not only the prudence but the justice of the course pursued by him in presenting the conduct of the Execntive to the public , and , the more especially , for this rea&on ; because , I was anxious that public opinion , fairly expressed , should operate as a warning , if error had been committed , and at the same time , present a recurrence of the evil ; and I was conscious that calm judgment would be led from a consideration of the offence charged , to reflection upon the language used in preferring the charge .
Ab to the charge in the Statesman relative : to the ** Extraordinary-Document , " I thought I had answered that fully myBelf in my letter to Me Win . Brooke . With respect to Mr . O'Brien , I was at all times averse to any controversy being kept np with him ; bat , of course , I did not attempt to sway Mr . Hill ' s conduct beyond mere suggestion ; and I do not think that I shrank from jny portion of it , when I was forced to it . J hare now commented upon some of the passages ia 2 At . Hill ' s repiy , and from which 1 imagine tbe
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readers of the Star will conclude , that , at least , Mr . Hill m no tool of mine . There is also a letter from Mr . Watkins in last week ' s Star , against the whole import of which I most unequivocally enter my protest , as well as to its publication . The whole is written upon an assumption ; and from that assumption a conclusion is come to . The assumption is that the Executive are guilty ; whereas , I deny that any verdict of guilt has been pronounced against them . It is- true , that the Secretary , by withholding the means of jadging , has furnished " prima faeie" evidence of guilt against himself ; but I must protest against the " sequitur , " that , therefore , the whole body is guilty .
Mr . Watkins writes in a very fascinating and impressive style ; but he has not succeeded in convincing me . He drawB a parallel between the acts of our oppressors and those of the Executive : and cites the payment of ten shillings a week to M'Douall as proof of his guilt ; nay , calls him a " swindler . " Here again I prote 3 t against any such term being used to M'Douall . Nay , I will not allow that man to be called by any debasing name . Here my blood gets warm , and the more so , beoause it has been long pent up . What , however , is the difference ?
Just this . The acts committed by our oppressors we would not assent to , had our assent being asked ; while some of M'Douall ' s accusers say , " had he made known his wants , the country would have cheerfully acquiesced in the augmentation of his salary . ' * Would we acquiesce if consulted in the acts of oar oppressors ? No ; certainty not . What then is the difference ? Just this , that M'Douall , without asking , has committed an error , which , had he asked liberty to commit , would have been cheeriully granted ; while our oppressors commit sins to which we could not bo reconciled .
Why appoint a committee of five to examine the books of the Executive , if they have been already condemned ? and is it not a maxim of English law , that " all men ebali be held innocent until they are convicted V Good God , how can I marvel at the slight evidence upon which a middle class jury would find me guilty if I am to be no more charitable to men , some of whose characters , are , in my opinion , beyond reproach , however some of their acts may be highly censurable .
Mr . Watkins says that the Executive have injured our cause , instead of advancing it . I deny it . I assert that James Leach , Dr . M'Douall , and Bairstow , have materially served the cause . I assert that we had no Organization before the appointmeut of an Executive ; I contend for it that we havo now an Organization . However , I will rather rely upon innocence than presume guilt , when the whole of life speaks in favour of the accused , What , then , has been tho character of James Leach ? Hard working , sober , industrious , and p oor . Ho has , to my knowledge , returned money gratuitously given to him , in more than forty instances . What ! then , arc we to suppose that this man prefers gain acquired by plunder to that volunarily eiven 1 Is he such an
adept is trick and chicane that he would wish to grow rioh by fraud , while he rejects the proferred bounty 1 It is nonsense , rank nonsense . Then Dr . M'Douall ; is he to be branded with cowardice by Mr . Watkins , because he had the manliness to brave torture and reparation from his family , rather than entail misery upon working men , who went bail for him 1 On my soul , I do not understand this refined lotcui ; nor do I see how those behind were to be bettered by M'Donall ' B swelling the number of victims . I have always said that the difference between Whigs , Tories , and Chartists is this ; that the two former magnify the virtues and throwa veil over the vices of their party ; while the latter , in general , magnify the vices and throw a veil over the virtues of iheir friends .
i of opinion , from the first to tho last , that a calm judgment could not be expected upon the question , until the sober mind was again brought back to the question at issue . The question then is this . —The Executive were elected to see the Organize , tion of the Chartist body carried out under certain rules . They are charged with having violated those rules , * and are charged in such a way as furnishes them with an excuse for not replying to the charge in that form . The evidence is in the hands of the Secretary ; he refuses to give up that evidence until he is paid certain monies , which , he says , are due to
him . A verdict we must havo 4 and therefore it is the duty of the Executive to force the Secretary to give up the books : and in order to facilitate this desirable object , I propose that the Secretary should hand the books over to Mr . Cleave , with an undertaking from him ( Mr . Cleave ) that in the event of a verdict being given in favour of the Executive , the Secretary shall receive the monies claimed ^ Should the Secretary refuse such a proposal then there will be fair grounds fo r presuming guilt ; and then tho county will not be slow in giving a fair and impartial verdict .
Mr . Wheeler , in his very judicious letter , declining to act as a juror , merely states himself to be an accuser , not an executioner . I also am an accuser . I accuse the Secretary of mal-practices . I wish to see how far the other members are concerned in those mal practices ; but I am not going to give my verdict without a fair and impartial trial : neither have I , from the evidence already adduced , seen any , the slightest , reason to decline the acquaintance of M'Douall , Leacb , or Bairstow , or to make me ashamed to meet them as friends and associates , or to deter me from acting with them in . an official capacity .
1 have had a friendly explanation with Mr . Hill upon this subject . I told him that his oomment of last week would compel me to take this course , and , at the same time , we came to a mutual understanding that not one word , more pro or con , should appear in the columns of the Star upon the subject , until the decision of some accredited body shall bo reported upon the case . While I was supposed to be an idle speotator of passing events , no one was more alive to the question than . I was ; and , in justice to Mr . Hill , I must say , that while much dissatisfaction was expressed at the nonappearance of resolutions , said to ha . ro been sent for insertion to the Star , in this case he ia not
blamtable . One instance , particularly , I deem it right to mention . The toast of the Executive , pro ? posed and supported by me at the Duntombe Demonstration at Manchester , never appeared in the Star ; and for the best of all possible reasons , because it never was sent . The whole report , without deduction or alteration , was printed as it was sent . Now , this I assert , after having made the fullest inquiry ; and , in fact , Mr . Hill never saw the report , until it was in print ; as that is no part of his duty . There are two other persons under Mr . Hill to arrange all matters for publication ; and correspondence from our own reporters goes , generally , at once to the compositor , without his inspection . '
I have now said all that I have to say upon this painful subject ; and shall conclude my letter , by expressing an anxious desire tbat the public will suspend its judgment till after a fair and impartial inquiry ; and then , if the Executive , or any of them , have been in error , let them be told it in such language as will convey a proper caution for the future . Bat , for Heaven ' s sake , let us not condemn then ) first and try
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them afterwards . For myself , I say I would trust M'Doaall , Leach , and Bairstow , with' untold gold ; and would risk my life upon their devotion to the peoples' cause ; and thank God , I see Leach overcoming accusation by increased exertion instead of making it a pretext , as many have done , to abandon the cause altogether . : I have now " made a olean breast r" and I trust I have convinced the world that I am not hypocrite enough to meet James Leach on the public platform on Monday , and wink at , or countenance , censure upon him on Saturday . God knows poor M'Douall has suffered enough , without those who should be his defenders increasing his sorrows ; and I am sorry to learn that throughout the country , top many such are to be met with , but I nevejr will be o . ne op them , I am , my friends , Your faithful friend , Fhargus O'Connor .
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/ Vw " .. /~ .- sr- -j C * ^ U * eL ~ ' ^ of a paid Executive wonld not amount , in the year , to one-hundredth part of what has been snatched up by Political tedlars , most of which , could have been spared . Besides , nothing can possibly damage oar cause more than frequent announcements that Mr , So-and-so wjllbe here and there upon such and such a day , without further notice , and whose expences must be paid , while his services are rendered unprofitable from a want of any knowledge of his honesty or capacity . The
lukewarmness is put down to defection , and thu 9 wa suffer materially by this itinerating system of Chartint mendicancy . Let us have our paid Executive , oar paid lecturers , and our unpaid volunteers confined to their several locabties ; but let us have no more of this system of unconnected and disorganized agitation . I shall be more at liberty now than I have been for the last six montha , and shall , as usual , devote my whole time to the reconstruction of our machinery . As far as J am concerned , my policy , as it ever has been , " shall be to keep our party
together , to heal all differences , to unite the tons of labour into one firm bond-of union , and to care little who I shall offend in the undertaking , never needlessly giving cau .-e of offence , but not allowing dtlicaoy to stand in the way when necessary . I shall never exercise more controul than I have done over the Editor of the Northern Star ; while I have solemnly sworn to myself that it shall never bs made a means of achieving a triumph of one section of Chartists ovar another .
Before I conclude , I must ( state that I received a letter from Dr . M'Douall , sent by Mr . Cleave to me as Editor of the Evening Star , on this taorrnnj 4 , at twelve o ' clock , and when I had ceased to have any controul over that paper , otherwise the letter should have appeared ; however , in justice to Dr . M'Douall , [ must make a few extracts from it : — He says , in speaking of the 10 s . a week , " what was my duty if the 10 s . was objected to ? To resign it . Well , an objection came from Hull . A corespondenco between Campbell and the Hull councillors ; the end of which was , as far aa I wag con * cerned , the transmission , by Gra&by , tho secretary ^ of a written resolution , purporting to be the deliberate
vote of the Hull councillors in which thay declare their perfect satisfaction with tho payment of lus . additi < nal any week to me . That document I have in my possession ; and I hereby inform Mr . Hi !] that I accept of his challenge to produce that and the letters I showed Mr . O'Connor at Nottingham . " Here I must observe that the letters shown to me at Nottingham did not , as far as my memory sei veg me . re fie t in any way on Mr . Hill , but there t ! n > y are . I referred to them in a letter written at < he time from Nottingham , and from them I was i uafirmed in' my opinion that a cabal was being got up against the Executive , but not by Mr . Hill .
The Doctor goo on— " Now Sir , when I received the Hail note of approval , I informed the General Secretary , that I would not acept of the \ Qs . became an objection had been raised , and I wrote to Hull offeriug to resijjn it , and my office on the Executive , if t . h « y would send a written demand to that < fiVt , which I n (; ver , tothebestofmy rec «» llecti « n , Tece \ ve < i . " A sain , " on the Conferenceai Manchester , at which place [ wag advised to resign the 10 s . publicly , with my reasons for receiving it , without any question asked or motion made ; but I was not allowed to express my reasons I was stopped , Sir , with your resolution of confidence n , and thanks to , the Executive , for our past services , "
In justice to Dr . . M'Douall , I jiive those extracts , and the more readily , as it unfoylunateVy happened that some of the Hull corresponence was not forthcoming , in consequence of the pro « cution of tho former Secretary . Mr . Grasby . Tue Doctor tells me , and the public , that of which I n&ver had a doubt , namely , that his heart is , as it ever was , centred in the people ' s cause ; and I do hope if he , for a moment , supposed that I had joined in his denunciation—that the devclopemeat I have made this week will show that my conduct with renpect to the Executive has been consistent , and that 1 have uniformly supported them .
I must now Bay a word about the approaching trials . Upon a rough calculation , I . as treasurer , have received , aa acknowledged in the Evening Star , about £ 250— £ 132 from Mr . Cleave , and I know uot how much , just now , has been acknowl . dged through the Northern Star , about £ 125 . These sums make £ 507 ; out of which 1 have paid - £ 20 Chester Commission , £ 50 ditto Lancaster , £ < il ) ditto Stafford , £ 71 ditto Queen ' s Bench office-fee ? , small sums about £ 30 , outstanding about £ 100 , —making £ 331 ; and leaving a balance in my hands of about £ 176 . to meet abont £ 2 . 000 , to be paid between this and April . I paid £ 7 yesterday for a SPECIAL JURY . I was able to meet all these expences myself before I
made so much profit of the Northern Star ; but now I am not . I have paid in law expences , on my own account , in four years , more than £ 2 , 000 ; on your account , more than £ 500 . Yon must begin to pay a little on your own account now . You will , henceforth , send to me , directed to Hammersmith , all monies for the Defence Fund , by post office order , made payable to John Cleave , so that I may know how we stand * I am Treasurer for the Defence Fund , Cleave of the Victim Fund . D > n ' t mix fhem np . I shall hand all orders over to Cleave , but let mo know how we stand , by transmitting all monies to me in the first instance .
Yuur's , ever faithfully , Fkausus O'Connor . Wednesday , 1 st Feb . P . S . —I must state that my first letter to the Star wa- > written and uosted on Tuesday ( yesterday ) , and Dr . M'DouaU ' s wa 3 wot received till twelve o'clock this day ; therefore , he will at once see that I , at all events , did not require his letter to convince me of iiis purity in the Chartist cause . I cannot sufficiently express my disgust at the letter of Mr . Watkins , which appeared in the Star oi last week , and which I trust will not be received as proof against the Executive pending any investigation that is to take place . I only hope and trust that 1 shall not be further forced into any controversy upon this unpleasant subject . F . O'C .
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REDDXTCH . —Mr . Mead ' s lectures on Sunday and Monday evenings are uprooting the idle feats of the middle-class men , and removing the prejudices of the sainta . Hia congregations increase in number . On Tuesday night , a crowded tea party and ball were held , in tbe Chartist Hall , for bis benefit . Mr . Mead , and Mr . Weeks , from Leicester , both briefly addressed the meeting . Dancing was carried on with great spirit till ten , fihhn a second tea w . w served in tbe parlour of the OConnor Aims , the worthy host good-naturedly presenting a Sue American bam f 6 r the occasion , and enlivening the company with , his racy jokea and truly original el ' quence . Mr . Mead will lecture every Sunday and Monday evenings during bis stay at Bedditch .
LONDON National Association . —On Sunday evening Mr . Parry -will lecture in tbe Hall ; and on Wednesday he will deliver the second of a course of lectures , on British Oratory , the Pulpit , the Bar , and the Senate . National Association . —On Tuesday evening the mtmbcrs heal thei : weekly meeting , when the Secretary reported lhat the committee bad agreed that the voBua aiul p-a'ting room should be opened permanently on A ' : otumy week , . with a convivial meeting amongst the members : and ' that they intended to call a public mtritin ^ oa that 'iay three weeka , to take the opinion of tlje inhabitants of London , on the national remonstrance .
1 Cms a Waik . Lambeth—At a meeting of menibun in th's locality , a very smart discussion took plac ^ on the C > rn Laws . It was agreed to adjourn the dipcu ^ sion till ntxc ounday evening , at half-past seven o ' clock . Hammersmith — Progress of the Movement . —On > i . ) iiii > evening , January 20 tb , a public meeting was beUl . t ttio Ruck Bull Inn , Hammersmith-road . Mr . Uwpor ' d 1-Man of Organization was again brought forward , un i the following resolution vas unanimously RdopUs < l— That this meeting are of opinion that the Prussia P an uf Organ zit . on ia far preferable , but it will uev mi lbss a'hnit of aruendmenti by a future Cbartifl' Conference or Conveutiori . "
BiaivrtNG :-JABrI —The utu * l meeting was held at the Aasov ' -Ation roo . u , A ^ ton-street , on Sunday evenin g last , wh ' j u Mr . Audrew Weeks , of Leicester , delivered au exc ilont leciuto on the principles of Chartism . Nun eaton . —Tee Chartists of this place have seat ten sb 1 mgs f « r defraying ite expences of the Birming . barn Onff-rtnce . TheCou > cil elected by the Chartists of Birmingham held tLeir second meeting at the' Chartist room , Aston .
street , at three o ' clock , on Sunday last . A motion that the directing com in it tea should consist of nine instead of six was agreed to . Messrs . Knight , E . Mot . lesa , and Blake were elected to the office . Mr . George White read over a code of bye-lawa which had been prepared in accordance with the vote of the previous council meeting , and they were ordeied to be posted in the room and discussed at tbeir next meeting . —The meeting adjourned to the following Sunday , at three o'clock .
Steelhodse-Lane —At the . usual weekly meeting it was resolved to take the offer of the Chartist Circular , and that the profits bo given to the General Defence Fund . Also , that the Chartists , meeting in this locality , take immediate steps for getting np a dinner in honour of Feargus O'Connor , and that a % nblic meeting be held to carry out his challenge to the anti-Cora Law League . Broomsgrove—A dinner has bees given hereto Mr . John Mason . It took place at the Queen Inn . Mr . Matthew Ball presided , and the usual patriaj&tojsta were given and responded to . We receivedBwen ^ y ^ s . report of the proceedings on Thursday jgSnfingjfor ' which have ^ \
we are sorry we no room . ayV- n ujviu wo »» e auiijr wu iiavu 110 room . ^ j * A ^ ' \ SaOTX . BY BRIDGE . —Mr . Cm 38 Wr / y " lectured >' ' in this village on the evening of SirtnjjJpyVw ** Seteral - ) names were enrolled . £ tv > ' " ' a , wfL ; . >^ I Vx » - ,. . t ' t »> ^ *^ . ^ S ^ J &B 9 ^^ t ^ r * £ ! y
To 3hb Rt-Aa Of The National Chaster 3^ Association.
TO 3 HB rt-aa OF THE NATIONAL CHASTER 3 ^ ASSOCIATION .
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TO THE WORKING CLASSES . My Friends , —By the subjoined announcement which appeared in the Evening S ' . ar of Monday , you will learn that I have ceased to have any connection with that paper . Much and deeply as I regret the loss of the only daiJy paper that has ever , withiu my memory , advocated the causo of the people , the fact of that paper abandoning the principles upon which its famo was tbandod , c&nnot fail of pointing your attention to tho useful moral—that faction works its way through the press , while you appear to attack but slight importance to it . FurthVr , it may furnish my friends with a rea iy reply to my denouncers , as they can now say , here then are we once more thrown back upon our old and only friend ,
the much calumniated Northern Star , still , notwithstanding the heavy fined and persecutions to ! which its proprietor has been subjected , standing alone in its dory to uphold the cau ^ e of right against might . Your favour has been courted , and you have been deceived , not by one or two , but by scores of journals . The Statesman , " a real Chartist" paper , passed into Tory hands , and sections of ! manworshippers would hava still upheld it . The Evening Star ha . tbieiiciit'ff ; but , likeother ut : w .--paper » tock , f hare not gone with the type . I trust thatiif wo failed in our poor endeavour to push that paper , that we shall not fail in our allegiance to our principles ; and that instead of seeing the ) on # list of' iLV'tfce Houses where it might , while Chartist , have , becu
read , that now no Chartist will read it . While Iiwrite thus , my friends , 1 feel no piquo personally . 1 never have had one word of dispute with any of the parties connected with the paper ; aud after six mouths due attention to it , the proprietor must confess that my gratuitous obligations were ] moi-t cheerfully disnharged ; and that , in the outset , I pledged myself to him that so lout ; as the Evening Star advocated Chartism , I would continue my unpaid services , and that in the event o . the concern becoming profitable , I would not evfii then accept of a farthing for my services , as I ncv ^ r would receive money for tho discharge of a pleasing duty .
The proprietor inform ? me that a loas oi £ 3 , 500 has been sustained by the Evening Star in its advocacy of Chart . st principles . I can only say that the ^ Vorthern S ' . ar sustained a loss of £ ' i , 64 <) before I knew whore I was ; and thatthen , and 5 uoi : e < jii'iri ( ly , enticing offers were made to me to sell it , but mv answer was then , as it is now , whenever tho Northern Star ceases to advocate the cause of pure a mocracy , it shall ceasa to exist . If to-morruw it was out of my power longer to carry on the Northern Star , w ; hicn , thank God , it is not , ii sh .-mld peri-h ; but all the money in the kingdom would not purchase it from me for any purpose . ;
I mention r . his jatt now as I am aware that our disappointment must considerably shako public confidence in the press . 1 had arran ^ od with the proprietor , before I left town , that in addition to my daily services , I would attend the House of Commons nightly , and write the Parliamentary analysis , to save money . Thus I was to have been the principal reporter by night , and tho Editor by day , without pay , and paying my own
exptuces . Mr . Cleave has told me , Mr . Hobson has told me , and nearly all my agents have told mo , that I was injuring the Falo of the Northern Slur bymd conception by writing , and recwamendiug the Evening Siar . My answer to oue and all lias invariably been" WvjII , I know it ; but what do I care if I am serving the cause . " I have sent many articles of great importance and matters of news to the Evening \ Star which I havo withheld from the Northern S ' . ar , in the hope of giving it a good standing . Such , my friends , has been my connexion , which has now ceased , with the Evening Mar . Henceforth , I understand , that it is to bo conducted upon high Tory principles , and you will mark the increase of advertisements . ;
These faots will awaken you to a knowledge of what I have had to struggle against , and convince you of the fact that my crime , from first to last , my only crime , has been that I would neither prostitute nor sell the Northern Star . At this particular crisis the loss to us has been great ; and I flittered myself that 1 could have made the Evening Siar a really powerful organ , and hence its purchase from my HvNA « EMENT . Therefore , wbita 1 regret it , it proves that faction trembles at the very thought of au honest press . Now , my friends , the usual Sessional struggle is about to begin , and never was there cuch a struggle before ;" all parties will bid for the people to use them for their own purpose .
And now , as there are many , very many , waiters upon Providence connected with our party , arid who look to a mixed agitation as the only means of subsistence ; and , as we are too poor to pay then ) , 1 shall be extensively and systematically denounced for standing between them and the gold dust , fiut I will do it , and bear all tbe consequents . { M y policy is to keep our party together , a * an army of observation ; to let all other parties fiaht it jout without any as&istanco from us ; and then , when the Whigs and Repealers see their own weakness , they will assuredly fall back upon us . li'it it' we w ; ere mad enough to give them the least countenance , they would use as for another Reform dotation , aad then , when we wore broken up , fhey would assemble to carry out the details of the new Reform , or Free Tra ^ e , which would-be
in character and value precisely ns valueless as all for ^ er changes made by the cla ^ s Irgislatorf . I shall take a bold stand au I over have done , trusting to the triumph of Toryism over Wi i ^ 'g ^ iy and Free - trade . As a Chartistirecruiting-sergeant , 1 will not oppose Toryism with the view of restoring Whiggery . No policy could be worse . You have now no more to do with policy than you hav . s to do with the moon . Machinery , will beat both Whigs and Tories . I de'y them to conquer that aU-d * -vt > vmr > g foe , by any act short of the Charter , which would developoall our resources , cultivate ow rrsoiircts , and equitably distribute ihe produce , thereby regulating demand and tupply , by opening . a natural market for man't ! labour ami establishing therein a standard rate of wages , below which the labourers will not work in the artificial
market . In the end , you will believe me , that , until that is done exchequers , tills , pockets , irua .-urie . s and bellies will be empty ; and strife and civil war . and confusion and distrust , will only be suppressed by force or fraud—by the force of Government , or by the fraud of those who have an inter «« t in upnoidmg injustico . But such means of preserving order in a country are unrighteous as they are unjust , and will fail when the euffjrers constitute a majority , which is now being brought about by the operation Of MACHINERY . Toryism is no longer your main enemy , Whiggpry is no longer your main enemy . Machinery has rendered all their acts comparatively powerless ; and all that Machinery now requires to complete its temporary triumph , and to insure a revolution , is an " extension" of its already unbounded power by the establishment of whao is called tree-try id , which means neither more nor less than free plunder . \
While I am upon subjects connected with vur own movement , I may here make a pas-ing comment upon the state of our Organization and the proposed remedies for its reconstruction . I shall only speak in general terms . I am , then , decidedly in favour of an Executive ; I think we cannot do without it . I am obstinately opposed to an unpaid Executive , and for this reason . If you have an unpaid Executive , you muBt have a purely middle class Excutive ; because you cannot get working men to live without wages , and the
very moment yon elect working men as your officers , that moment every door is closed against them , and at once they are marked , and if in work are dismissed . Moreover , ( the very notion implies the office is to be a sinecure , or that we are to be unpaid If a sinecure , we do not require them ; if not , the labourer iB worthy of his hire , and should have iti My opinion is , that the lice upon the back of Chart ? ism have become too numerous and devouring ; and hence much jealousy among them towards a permanently paid body , while twenty times the sum requisite to pay all the expenses
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i ' _ JJ QZyCJ / ~ Jr 7 ; AND LEEDS GENERAL ADVERTISER .
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YOL- 71- 3 S T 0 . 273 . SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 4 , 1843 . "" " ^ . HS , ^^ "
Canterbury.—On Monday, A Lecture Was Delivered In The Guildhall Of This City, By Mr. J. Campbell.
CANTERBURY . —On Monday , a lecture was delivered in the Guildhall of this City , by Mr . J . Campbell .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 4, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct467/page/1/
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