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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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XJ 3 EUS . —Botjsb ILobbkht . —On Sunday evening las :, daring the absence of the family && ft place of worship , the house of Mr . Charles Sharp , shoemaker , Upperhead-row , -was entered by means of BkeletoB keys ; the thieves obtained a silver lever watch and some articles of s ) lver plate , but no jnonej . X ? o trace has yet been obtained ef the depredators . High-way Hobbsbt . —On Saturday evening , the trffe of Thom » 3 Mennelljivho resides near the Green JAxn , on the I ^ ewshnnr road , was stopped by a man , ¦ when near the chapel , in Beestoa-lkne , -who stole from her person a silk parse containing seven shillings in silver , twopence in copper , and a bead guard .
Scddks Death . —On Tuesday morning , an inquest was held at the Court H ^ use , before John Blackburne , Esq . to enquire concerning the death of Joseph Dauby . The deceased wss forty-three years of age , and resided under the chapel , on St . Peter ' Hill ; he had been to Oxford Pi&ca Chapel on Sunday evening , in his usual health , and returned home about ten Bunutes past nine o ' clock . Very shortly after entering his otto bou ? e , he sat down in a chair and died instantly . He had been snVj ' ect to a complaint of the heart , and no doubt a sudden spasm was the eau ? e of his death . The Jury returned a Terdiot in accordance with the circumstances .
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Is THE New Tori Inquirer of the 20 th of Feb . we 2 nd a list of bankrupt occupying six columns , printed in small type , and containing at the lowest computation 700 defaulters . ExECimo 3 at Liscots . —On Friday last Thos . Johnson , aged twenty-eight , suffered the extreme penalty of the law on the new drop at Lincoln Castle . * Ehs > culprit had been found guilty of the murder of Elizabeth Evlson , an aged woman , residing at Croft . The concourse of spectators * o witness his awful end could noi have been less than BMO . —Doncasler Gas .
ASSES ! OF A MlTBDEHEfi . —SlBXSGB CpIIfCXDKiCE . —On the 7 th inst . head-constable DaTid Hankie , stationed at Bromore , near Omagb , in the county of Tyrone , arrested a maa passing through Dromore , on suspicion of being tie man charged in the Hne and Gry "with the murder of John JJsfrsoiL , at Ayr , in Scotland , in the month of November last The person said his name was William Smith , tanner , from Dublin . He was fully committed ^ to Omagh gaol , but was discharged on ihe 17 th instant , by order of Chief Justice Dohersy . On leading the prison , however , so strong was the head-constable ' s
conviction that the man was the person described as ihe murderer , that he again arrested him , and had him a second time committed . This -was most fortunate for the ends of justice , as thai very night » peace-ofacer arrived from Scotland , -and out of thiny-four prisoners turned out in the gaol-yard next morning . In the prison dres 3 , the officer at once identified the man so strangely arrested , as the person charged "with the murder . His name is Wm . Mnrphy , a usSve of ids county of Kfldare . We understand £ 100 reward was offered foi this m&n * S apprehension . —Londonderry Standard . :
. AmosPHEEic Changes . —Although changesin the temperature are more prevalent in the temperate zone than in other latitudes , there is scarcely a spot to be found where such great differences exist as in Great Britain , varying in a few b . onrs twenty degrees or more . The effret of such rapid changes on the bodily health is very afflicting to many thousands of persons , especially those In the middle and wore- advanced ages of life , causing attacks of those painful disorders , Sciatica . Gout , and Rheumatism . Happfly , those whoare afflicted withthosepainful disease * , ehemical science has produced that excellent medicine , Blanks Gont and Rheumatic Pills ,
Is Exglasd , before the reduction of postage , the annual amount of property found in deadietters , was about £ 443 . 000 . Since the reduction it has only been about £ 298 , 000 . The facility of the money-order system has , no doubt , had its influences , but something perhaps must be allowed for the system of prepayment . There is now no such temptation to reruse a letter post-free , as formerly existed with an unpaid one . and especially a double letter , which any letter fr ith an Inclosnre "was . Many a money-letter , -vre lave no douot , "W 33 nmr ittingiy refused under the old system . Besides , the apparent increase'd security ¦ which , considering ihe increase of letters , iB remarkable , may result from the practice now pretty general , of acknowledging letters , and the general facility of correspondence . The receipt of a money-letter is easily announced . The effect of the adoption of the penny postage on the . money-order systeaij appears to have doubled the poundage received immediately
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HOUSE OP LORDS— Pbedat , Mabch . 24 . I * ord Bbqcgham gave notice that he would , after faster , introduce a bill for the more effectual suppression of the Slave Trade . Lord Cakpbkh laid upon the table a bill for facilitating the transmission of real property . After some other routine business , the House adjourned .
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HOUSE OP COMMONS . —Fbtdat , March 24 . A somewhat animated preliminary discussion arose « n the motion for the second reading of the Factories . Bill . It wa 3 urged by varions Members that both the principles and details of the bill required careful and mature consideration ; and Sir James Gbaham promised that , if thesecond reading were now taken , he would not propose the committee on the bill lill afteT Easter . The motion for the second reading was Hhen put ; and Mr . Ettart contended that the education elanses of the bill had dissatisfied every Dissenting body , from the Wesleyans to the Unitarians . He objected to the theological system which was sooght to be established , whichbe considered to Debased on injustice , and exclusive towards the Dissenting community .
The Earl of A&cxdei . admitted that the Government had gone as far as they could in a liberal spirit ; but he feared that withont some amendment , the , clauses would , under certain circumstances be disadvantageous to the Roman Catholic body . Mr . Gaxlt KsrGHT said " that a certain sectionhe Loped not & large one—of the Church were as flinch alarmed about these education clauses as the Dissenters . The inference which he drew , was , that She measure of tee Government was the Juste milieu —ihe golden mean ; and he hoped that the principles on which it was based would be extended to the rural population .
Air . Hnrs was satisfied that the more the nature of the education clauses was mads known , the more hostile would become the feellnsrs of the religious and I > is&nni > g community towards them . On behalf of the Di-semers , he protested against a scheme which gave to ibe Church of Engbsd power over a national fund for exclusive edneation , amJ the effect of which woa ! d be to sharpen religions animosities . Sir Jakes Graham regretted the tone which had been taken hj Mr . Hxwes , and had hoped that , after Hie understanding which prevailed , the second readxogsrould have passed -witnool a discnsion on details . -More justice had been done to the Government scheme by Lord Abusdel , whore fears on behalf of use ivcaian Catholic both , as well as those of the
foeaes-ef Dissenters , migfet be obviated by the con-Kdeiauoa that the schoolmaster wa 3 not intended to be a coEunentator on the Scripture . * , but imply a conunuEicKor of ideas or of meaning . The -object oi tae asasure was nsqnesiionablj to secure tho religums iustnieuon of the yonng—to rescue them from the practical iaSdelf ty in which they were growing pp . . no larss scheme of education could be carried into tSttl inthoat the aid and co-operation of the Uiureh ; sad looking back to ihe disturbances of -last August , which were ma = nly carried on by youths of rrom eighteen to twenty two years of age , he v ? as satesed that if some such project as this had been earned into effect teu years ago , we might have been spared those scenes , lie was exceedingly desirous to give all dconsideration ioeven
ue -objection urged I by to * Disseatoa . aau fc , IemDTe atf a ^; . ^ . ^ ie «»> reated the Hou £ = not to place the bill in jeop ^ dy by difcusang it in an angry or jealous spirit . I Sir Ge&bge Gbks was Etvisfied that the Govern- ' ment had hrcught forward the bill in an honest spirit i towards sJl classes , bet they had failed in giving due efcet u > tatir intention by lie details cf the measure . One tMvci , for instance , o ? ihe bill in its present ' fhspe would be to ixciurie fchoolmastera who were not members of the Es-lablished Church : and the ' fifty-eighth clause , frith rt ^ pect to the selection of | books , was al » t > susceptible of improvement , such as ' , giviDg a porrer to the Committee of the Privy Council on Education . He was desirous of seeing all objections recsored , and the bill rendered universally i acceptable .
Sir E . H . Isgeis claimeel for the Established Qsnrdi its constitutional right of being the supreme ' instmetress ^ f the people ; and his main objection to the bill was , that it did not assign to it a sufficient pre-emicecce . There was no occasion for alarm i with respect to the management * f the scboolB , foT the trustees in each union need net necessarily be ] ttembers of the Church ; and he , for one , would not i discourage the Establishment by any unn&cseary deference to the threats or taunts of Dissenters , whose zeal must be Tery cool , or their numbers much exaggerated , seeing-iba * the entire nnmhtr who flfcTe ITaibd themselves of the right of itlng married tihermserhanby therites of the Establishiaentisonly ? ® j 248 , Ifhe 4 id not oppose the second reading oftae bill , it -srould be on the condition thai no material j alteration -wculd be introduced adyerge to the in-1 * exest 3 of the Chnrch . i
ilr . Hphe ridiculed the notion of a " strong " Government beins overawed by tie Gbnrcb , for J ^ s epecniliarj benefii . it would appear , tre vrere »*> r o , married , and buried . What had tins supreme netmctor of ihe people done for them ! It wasi vxt& J possible that the people of England woald sub '
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mit to the thraldom imposed by this bill : he claimed for every person in the country , without reference to Telispous distinctions , a sufficient education , the national cost of which would bs true economy , in the abatement of immorality and crime . Mr . AcLAXD- was averse to a division of education into religious and secular ; and hoped that no alarm would be raised on absolute principle , Beeing that the success of the bill , which he honestly supported , would depend on the spirit in which it was carried into operation by all classes . Mr . FfiA > -cis Babiko would be glad to see introdnced amongst the body of trustees a representation of the rate-payers , bo as to give them something like a noutrol over the expenditure of the money whicn they would be called upon to pay . It was of great importance that the bill should be carried , not by dint of numbers , but by cordial support and cooperation .
After some observations from Mr . Habdt , Mr . Milseb Gibsos said he bad so many objections to the bill , that he could almost reconcile it to himself to oppose the second reading . The provisions of the bill were confined to cotton and silk mUls , and it would therefore operate as a ; displacement of labour , by driving children to pin-making , nail-making , & . s . This was no imaginary difficulty , as was evidenced by the operation of the school clauses in the existing Factory Bill , of which Mr . Sauxdeks , one of the factory inspectors , reported that they had placed the young personB in manufacturing districts in a worse position than before , and had prevented no less than 40 , 0 & 0 children from
entering factory employment . The vice and immoralty complained of did not exist anwngst those regularly employed in cotton factories , in which the strict discipline was favourable to good habits , but among 3 t tbe unsettled and migratory population , whom the bill would not reach . The compulsory attendance at church on , Sundays would be viewed aa a very grievous oppression by the working classes of Lancashire , where it would be felt as aa infringement of liberty to be deprived of the option of having their children's company . Another objection was the deprivation of the constitutional right of control over the expenditure of the funds raised for
education . Mr . Maksers Spttos thought that the operation of the present measure wonld be to attract young persons to factory employment , instead of driving them from it . Mr . Cowpeb was satisfied that , looking to the state of the population , and the conflicting claims of rival parties , the present bill was the most practical measure that could be proposed . Lord Askubt vindicated himself from the impntation of neglecting the rural population by stating that the documents from which he drew his facts related to the dense masses in mamifacturing towns ; and , though he did not hold up the agricultural districts as faultless , he considered that it was the duty of landed proprietors to see that their tenantry were broaght up in loyally to their Sovereign , and in the faith and fear of God . He adduced some details to
shew the necessity of the bill ; and geeiDg that there -pras a disposition on both sides to find some common point on wbiob they might unite in the great work of educatioD , he entreated the House to secure the present blessed season of opportunity for wiping away our national disgrace-Mr . Cobdbn knew , from his own experience , that Dissenters were not of themselves sufficient to carry out a scheme of national education . Bat the majority of tbe working classes in Lancashire were either Dissenters , or of no religion at all ; and they would object to be compe lled to pay rates for instrnotion in tbe tenets of the Established Chnrch . The depravity of Manchester had been specially exhibited ; but the very parish in which the House of Commons stood was more depraved than anything that could be shown in Manchester ; and a . large portion of tbe property in it belonged to the Dean and Chapter of
Westminster . He did not adduce this , or the condition of the agricultural districts , as a reason why no religious instruction should be afforded to Manchester , but as an evidence of the neglect of the Church , and as a proof that the present measure did not take a sufficiently expanded view of the subject of education . Sir R . H- Inglia had claimed for the Church the right of being the " supreme instructress " of the people ; but the Church had grossly neglected its dnty , and had no ri ^ bt to throw a ny obstruction in ths way of general or secular education . The Dissenting ministers in the north of England had no disposition to oppose any measure of secular instruc * tion ; but the Church roused jealousy and animosity by perpetually iatruding its claims . He would not oppose the second reading of the bill , because he was anxiou 3 to promote any measure which tended to improve our grossly deficient system of education ; bnt there were clauses in it which wonld be fatal to
its operation if not altered . Mr . Daeby believed that a secular education was no guarantee of a moral population . Alter some observations from Mr . B . Hopb , Lord Johs Rgssel was glad that this discussion had taken place , and had been conducted with temper , as it would tend to promote a similar spirit in the country , and ultimately promote the common object . The fact of a large majority of the manufacturing districts being Dissenters , mu&t be taken into account in passing such a measure as this ; and there were varions suggestions which might promote its smooth working . One important consideration was a noimal school for the training of a body of proper schoolmasters , for which the House , he was convinced , woB ? d willinelv vote an additional grant .
After a few observations from Mr . Ross , ihe question was pot that the bill be read a second time , which was carried , and the committee settled for Friday next . The other orders of the day were then disposed of , one of which was the third reading of the Dog ' s Bill , which met , as Lord Abthcb Lennox complained , with a dogged opposition . A division was taken , and the bill was carried by 66 to 43 .
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NOTTINGHAM CHARTIST PETITION . The following la the Nottingham Chsrtisfa petition , agreed to at the Democratic Chapel , Rice Place , on the 21 st instant . To the Bonoordble ihe Commons of Great Britain and Ireland i » Parliament assembled . The Petition of the inhabitants of Nottingham in public meeting assembled , SHXWBTH , —That your petitioners deeply deplore tbe distarbauces wbico toek place in Angnst last , and
being opposed to anarchy , confusion , and violence , they feel bound to state vheir conviction that much of the excitement and tbe evil consequences arising therefrom were produced and prolonged by tbe unconstitutional , arbitrary , and factions conduct of some part of the magistracy , which conclusion your petitioners have arrived at , from facts trbicb at that time transpired in the district in which your petitioners reside , and which facts they feel convinced that they ahall be able to prore if inguiry was instituted for that purpoBe by your Honourable House .
That the couduet of the magistracy not only had the effect of prolonging tbe disturbance , but i ; . many instances their treatment of tbe parties who were apprehended during and subsequent to the same disturimvees on charges of being connected therewith , was unconstitutionally and unnecessarily severe , and founded upon an assumption of power unknown to the laws , trhicb yoar petitioners Eebmit is the worst of tyranny , and a grievsoee and oppiassion to which her Msjzsty ' s liege subjects ought not to be subjected , and in other instances , as « w tbe hose ia the district in which your petitiontrs reside , the manna of selecting tbe parlies previous to thew ex-uninatioE -who were so apprehended ,
and tbe expressions made use of by the magistrates at their examinations , and tbe means wbicb were made use of to obtain their convictions , upon their trials , and at -which trials in this district t&s same magistrates ¦ who apprehended and committed the prisoners presided , was an ontraae upon the proper and impartial administration of laws , and as such was calculated to lessen tbe respect for tbe laws , and cause a repulsiva feeling to exist towards those who administer them , to the great detriment of her Majesty ' s liege Eurj ^ cts sod tbe peace of these realms , instead of producing those salutary effects which would arise from a dae administraXioTi of justice .
we ihtrefcire hope that you will institute guch inquiry as will lead to a foil investigation of the facts of the case , and prevent as far es may be a reenrrence of tbe like lamentable circumstances , and your petitioners will ever pray . Signed on behalf of the meeting , K . T . > : OBBiscpi ., Chairman . Nottingham , March 2 lst , 1813 .
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: ! TO THE EDIIOS OP THE SOBTHEKS STA& . ; Sib ., —On Saturday last , tbe millocrats of Holmartb , and the neighbourhood , called a public meeting foi the . purpose of adopting a petition , praying for an imme-I diate repeal of the Corn J , vm . Having received an ' iuTitaticn from tne -ChaTtisls ef the abo * e locality , 1 I attended , and on Friday evening , delivered a lecture intb . « Chaiiastioom , on thesnbject of Chartism , and I the Mlaoy of Corn Law Repeal , unless accompanied ; . by other measures . At the close of the lectara , I ! invited discussion , bat no perso * appearing the Chairj man remarked that as be knew there were many per-: sons in the room , who were opposed to Chartism , and | Ito principles , and as they had bow an opportunity of meeting an advocate of Chartism , he hoped they would avail themselves of the opportunity , and at once eame forward .
The Chairman called upon a member of ths League who w&a then present , and "Who had previously expressed a visa to meet a Chartist in discussion , but even this gentleman declined the invitation , though touched in courteous and gentlemanly terms . No opponent appealing , tbe meeting then terminated , the best feeling prevailing in favow of ^ Democracy . On Sitard&y afternoon , I again walked over to Hoimfirtb , intending to take a part in the public meet" > gj but no sooner had I arrived in the Gravesbip , than I was told that the constables bad received orders to arrest me , if I dared to attend the meeting at the Jovn B 2 IL
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Despite of this threat I went to the meeting , and there found a great numbet of the working classes , waiting outs de , and as a considerable time hart elapsed , and the doors—nriopened eave when the League gave admittance to those of their own party , I requested the Chartists to appoint a chairman , and was juat preparing to deliver a iectare in the opeu air , wheu the door waB opened , and I accordingly entered with the rest tad made my way to the platform ; no sooner had I gained thB same : than I was rudely mek by three of the League party , who immediately told me that if I did not Immediately leave the buildiDg ttjey would give me In chaise of the constables , who were then in attendance j one of the tkree a » ked me if I was an inhabitant of tbe Grave ( referring to the Graveship of
Holme . ) I told him that I was an Englishman , and as such would not answer his Insolent Interrogation ! . Another of the League ( whose copper-coloured face displayed his devotion to tbe bottle ) displayed hia Intelligence by calling me & " T>—d Tory tool , " and heaped upon me every ungentlemanly epithet hia malignity could devise . Daring this altercation a chairman was proposed in a way not at all to be admired by the friends of falrplay , for the gentleman who took the chair was carried bv some twenty persons , although there eonia not be less than 700 01 SOOpersone in tbe room , notwithstanding which tbe gentleman took thechair . and after a shortspeech introduced a Mr . Tinker to the meeting , who opened fire by stating that the working classes of this country were perishing by thousands ,
aud all in consequence of the operation of the Corn Laws . How such men as Mr . Tinker dare venture to remind the poor of their poverty , when they know full ¦ well that they ( the manufacturers ) have , by the introductiofl of machinery , ' done mote to crash the labour of the poor , than any other body in existence , is beyond my powers of comprehension ; but , Mr . Editor , much has bees said of tbe dangerous sentiments of Chartism , and tbe folly of Its leaders ; will it be belleveJ that this Mr . Tinker , actually told the meeting that he would rather see the poor perish by tbe sword than submit to be starved oat ef existence No doubt ha would ; no doubt he could like another strike , another commission , another league outbreak , in order to intimidate the Government and crush at the same time the stern and unyielding principle of democracy , which has hitherto
laughed to scorn the malice of its fiend-like foes . Mr Ticker spoke of breaking up the foundations of society , and by expressions such as these strove to spread abroad the -venom of bis malignity ; bat the working men wonld not listen to his wild rhapsodies , and be was met by such a burst of terrible execration , that he turned pale and seemed ready to faint At this critical moment , some of hia friends banded him aa orange , and he sucked and stammered , and shook and stormed , more like a maniac than a Christian mau . Talk of sneking pigs , but this gentleman , although much given to grunting , nevertheless he , on Saturday last , displayed , for the amusement of bis audience , all the properties of & socking goose . The Leaguers were perfectly paralysed when they witnessed the strong spirit of opposition which Mr . Tinker ' s speech had created .
The Chairman , nevertheless , introduced another gentleman , a perfect I > -jmosthene 3 , a fair sample of middle class intelligence . I would have sent you the pith of their arguments , bat , alas \ I am unable ; for nothing like argument was produced . Nothing but fustian , fame , rant , and valgar declamation . At this point of the proceedings , the Chairman was about to pat the motion , bat he was stopped by Mr . Cunningham , ( a Chartist and an inhabitant Of the Grave ) , "Who moved an amendment to the original motion , which he did in a masterly manner . He was followed by another Chartist ( whose name I am nut acquainted with ) , who nobly performed his duty . The motion and amendment were then submitted to the meeting , and the amendment waa carried despite of the maDCtnvring of the Chairman .
At tfaia sage of the proceedings , the disappointed Leaguers seemed anxious to kick up a row . Accordingly , not wishing to give them a pretext , I told my friend Cunningham to give it out from the platform that I would proceed to the Chartist lecture room , and deliver a lecture , in tbe coarse of which 1 woald prove that tbe Leaguers concocted and carried oat the late strike , and that I woald admit discussion oome from whatever soared It might . When Cunningham made this announcement , a party of tbe Lsaguers rushed npoo him , and the roffians cat him from tbe lip to tbe chlu . I my&elf saw his arms livid and discoloured from the effects of the treatment
he met with at the bands of these mild and mercenary gentlemen . But to be brief : 7 lectartd to a large and animated audience ; instancing the conduct of the L » agners , their frequent attempts to crash Chartism by bludgeoning its advocates ; their conduct during the ¦ tribe ; and tbe means taken to effect the same . I challenged discuraien , but la vain . The creatures of the League , although present , were dumb , and durst not speak ; and from the spirit displayed by the Chartists of Holmfirtb , I feel assured that the humbug question of repeal will not be revived in Holmflrth agiin for some time ; for sever did tba Leaguers experience a more signal and inglorious defeat .
Mr . Tinker stated that the League did not , like the Tories , employ an Irish orator . What an egregious ass this Mr . T . most be , or be would have known that the League owe much , to tbe services of the Great Irish orator , O'Connell , sot to mention Irishmen with long names , such as—R . K . R . In ., and many others to whom I might allude . Hoping you will give tbis a place la your next , I remain , Yours respectfully , On behalf of tbe Chartists of Holmflrth , D . ROSS . Bradf-rd , March 23 d , 1843 . [ We regret that this was not received in time for oar last . - -Ed ]
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MIDLAND CIRCUIT .-Leicestke , Marck 24 . ( Before Mr . Baren Gurnty ) TRIAL OP WH . L 1 AM JONES , A CHAUTIST LEADER . ( From the Morning Chronicle . J Wilttam Jones , aged 21 , a smartly-dressed young maa , "who had been out on bail , was placed at the bar upon an indictment , charging him with having used seditious l langoage , and unlawfully endeavoured to excite the people against tbe police force and the army , at a large assemblage of persons , near the town of Leicester , daring the disturbances in August last The case excited great interest , from the fact of its being considered that Jones had been sant to Leicester , to snpply the place , of Coo . per , aa also from the oratorical ability of the defendant , who , it waa expected , would make a powerful appeal to the Jury . Mr . Waddinoton and Mr . Mellor conducted the prosecution .
Before the commencement of the trial , the defenfendant stated that be had reason to believe that some of the jury were prejudiced againBt him , and he therefore wished to challenge them . Mr . Baron Gurnet said he had no right to do ao , aa he was not charged with felony ; he might , however , give evidence to prove his statement correct . Defendant said he thought be should have had a right to challenge the jury , and consequently he was not prepared with proofs of the faot he had stated ; he was quite , unaccustomed to tbe forms of a court of jnstice . He then requested that one or two friends might he permitted to sit near bim at tbe table , to assist him in bin defence . Mr . Baron Go rnev ( sharply )—They may sit behind . You have no business to brim ; everybody to this tablethat is thb place for banisters .
[ The witness box was tmtnodiately behind tho defendant , which f he judge would not allow any other person to occupy . It may also be right to add , that there were only two or three barristers in Oonrt at tho time , tbis being the last trial of the Assisas ] Mr . Waddington addressed the jury for the ptosecution . Thu Learned Ghmtleraan commenced by imploring the Jury to dismiss from their minds any prejudice which th « y might entertain towards the defendant , and bring to the case a fair , calm , and just consideration . He then proceeded to state that the Indictment charged the defendant with having , on the 28 th of August last , in the bdrough of Leiceatar , addressed to a large number of persons a speech calculated to excite bis hearers to an opposition to , and
resistance of , the police . He had libelled them in a most scandalous and Inflammatory manner- He ( the Learned Counsel ) admitted the right which Englishmen possessed Of assembling together and freely discusaii . g public grievances , and if they were of opinion thut the assemblage in question was of a peaceable character , and that the defendant—although with mistaken and intemperate zeal—intended to lay before his fellow subjects grievances of a public nature , which demanded redress , his only intention befog to state his opinion on Bach subjects , then be would at once tell them that he was entitled to an acquittal . Although tbe right of free discussion might be exercised under circumstances of great delicacy , and sometimes public danger , yet if they thought the defendant had no intention to excite
bis bearers against those in authority , or induce them to violate the laws , they were boumi to give bim the benefit of such an opinion , because the charge against him was , that he could not but have bad such intentions ; and when they looked at the surrounding circumstances—at tbe state of the town and of the country at tbe time when the defendant delivered his oratien , as well as to the persons to whom it was addressed , be apprehended they would be obliged to come to the conclusion that he must have been actuated by the motives ascribed te him by the indictment . At the time when thu speech was delivered , a large number of the lower orders were ripe for insubordination , and it was difficult to keep them in obedience to the laws even without such Inflammatory speeches , A proclamation bad been issued by the Que ^ n on the 9 th of August , in consequence of the state of tbe country , calling upon &ll persons to preserve the public peace ;
and a proclamation was also pat forth a few days after , by the magistrates of the borough of Leicester , declaring all assemblages of persons in considerable numbers illegal . Tbe yeomanry cavalry bad been called out . A portion of them had been quartered at the county gaol , and tbe police officers bad been insulted in the execution of their duty , about ten days before defendant came to Leicester . On the evening of Sunday , tbe 28 th of August , < a most improper day , 1 the defendant attended aa principal speaker at a meeting of some thousands , and delivered the speech which was tbe subject of the indictment . He was an itinerant lecturer and a perftct stranger in tbe town into which he bad moBt improperly intruded himself upon that occasion , for the purpose of calling the people together and haranguing them . The learned gentleman then proceeded to state the words complained of , wbicb will be found la the subjoined evidence : —
Edward Marshall examined by Mr . Mellor—I am employed as schoolmaster and turnkey in the gao ! There was great excitement prevailing in the town of Leicester in August last There were night meetings . The yeomanry cavalry were called out fur a fortnight . They left 00 the 20 th . On Sunday , the 28 th of August , I went into the Pasture in the afcernoon , between three and four . Defendant was addressing the people . It rained , and the meeting dispersed . Defendant Baid he should give a sermon or lecture , which they liked to call it , at six o ' clock ia tho evening . Tbe Pasture ifi about 100 yards from tbe end of the Lower-street . I wentiin the evening about six . Jones came about hitffpast . There wera about 5 , 000 people there . Another man addressed them before Jones . Jones then cave out
tho 13 th verse of the 3 rd chapter of the 2 nd of Peter . He gave uu outline of the history of the yeomanry cavalry and militia . The intent of his lecture was t « show that the property of the rich was protected by law ; and the property of the poor , which was their labour , was not- He said tbe YeommTy cavalry were trained eight days every year , put through their military movements , dad . taught to cut tbio&ta In a scientific manner , fie then said tho militia bad been drawn from the labouring classes mainly , without distinction of politics or religion , and were a dangerous force to keep up ; their masters dared not trust to them in the north of Lancashire and Yorkshire ; tbey were , therefore , disbanded , and they gave them the new police instead . He applied many foul terms to the police . He called
them blue vampires , nominated by a certain party . He then asked what were tbe necessary qualifications for a policeman , and said ho must be a maa of no character , gifted with lying , deceit , und ehicanery , bloodthirsty and deceitful , ready to do or swear anything his masters wished bim . He said he called them the unboiled blue , and when tbe day of boiling came , woe to the unboiled . He then spoke of the army aa ] 40 , 000 hired , assassins . He went on to show that the property of the poor man was not protected , and , pointing to a factory , said , " If a poor man was to go into that factory and steal a quantity of oi ) y , dirty stuff , not worth sixpence , he would be apprehended as a felon , tbe magistrate would call him a felon , and he would be sent to prison for hia offence ; bat what was
done to the master or manufacturer who , by tbe aid of machinery , robbed the poor man not only of sixpence , but five or six shillings every week from his wages ? Tbe law looked upon him as an honest , aprigh man , because the law was made for bis protection , and he might trample on the rights of the poor man with impunAty . He spoke upon tho text na Tefetring to an age of blessedness- The worda of the text were , " Nevertheless , we , according to his promise , look for new heavens and a new earth , wherein dwelleth righteousness . " He said it was an age of blessedness , which could not be established in the present corrupt state of things } they mast be swept away , and a new era established . After be bad finished bis discourse , a hymn was given out by him ; two or three hymns were sung in tbe coarse of the evening . One began with :
" Men of England , ye are slaves . Beaten by policemen ' s staves ; If their force ye dare repel , Youro will be the felon ' s cell . " That was sung by tke people , defendant gave oat two lines at a time . I went away after that . He gave some notice of his coming to Leicester agaiu , and hoped he should see them again . Ho is not an inhabitant of Leicester . I could not learn his name on tbe ground . Thoie were large assemblies of the people every night , singing Chartist hymns , and something in praise of O'Connor . The meetings had been continued from July . Werkmen bad been turned out . The churches and chapels had been viewed by large bodies of men in procession .
Cross-examined , by the defendant—I heard yon say Sir Robert Peel and Sir James Graham were two moss unbfippy men , in this unhappy country at this unhappy time—( laughter)—and ttmt they bud brought all their forces to beat against the people during the late struggle for freedom ; but it had only proved that their power was too weak to put the Chartists down whenever they were prepared to demand the Charter , if they wonld be but firm and united . I don't know whether you said when they were strong enough to get the Chattel th « Government would not oppose them . I don't know whether you said that £ 9 , 000 had been collected at one meeting to christianize the blacks , and at another £ 5 4 a bad been collected for the relief of the
destitute poor of the country . I did not tako a report or make notes of yonr address . Afterwards I put down the observations which you made in a tough manner , and then again , ; by looking them over , I remembered more particularly what you said . I have seen a copy of my examination before tbe magistrates since I was examined . I received it from the attorney for the prosecntion a few days back . I weat to the meeting by desire of tee governor of tbe borough gaol . Ton did not call upon the people to make an attack upon any man or set of men , nor blame the law for protecting the rich . There was no tnmuit at tbe meeting , The only noise atose from the responses to your sentiments . There were mobs of people before you came to Leicester bat none after .
Re-examined—Defendant was takes into custody the Kline night | Thomas A gar , a sergeant of police , corroborated some pxrta of Marshall ' s evidence , varying , however , the tXi . ^ ^ - ^ croaa-exaininaUon , he said the meeting vcas orderly . He went away alone from it He was not afraid of being attacked . He had been in the poliee force three years . Wsb in plain clothes . Had heard Jus deposition before the magistrates read over lately .
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Mr . Charter , the superintendent of p > lice , spoke to tho diaturoed swtH or tf \ 4 t >* u prior to the defendant ' s viB . t One or twn poi ceuua h .-ni ht- ^ n injured , and such waa the excitement of the peop ' e tint he did not suSar a policeman tojgo about the streets aloaa Tbis being the case fir the prosecution , Tho defendant dsliveivd . a tnu » t able and eloquent address to the Jury , which occupied nearly four hours . The situation in which ihe was placed was not only novel , but painful , for although he had been born and broaght ap amid the crrechedness which is the lot of the working man , be bad n-jver before beau charged with an offence against the tajws of bis country , arid his character woald bear a fair comparison with those who bad placed him in that situation . He had to grapple with
many difficulties , with the ingenuity of counsel , with legal technicalities , yea , even with the prejudices of that class to which the Jury themselves belonged . He stood , however , at tkat bar , the representative of great principles , and he was proud of the honour of being selected as a victim of persecution , because of his political Opinions . He did not lament bis not having thu aid of counsel , for be should despise an acquittal obtained by unmanly quirks and legal quibbles . Some persons in his situation had been liberated on their consenting to enter into recogniz races -to keep the peace , and thus compromising the freedom of discussion , which was the birthright of every Eu ^ liahman . He would not accept such terms—be would agree to no compromise—he was there to ask for justice—Btern , unbending justice , aud he demanded it for himsdlf and for bis country , in the name ef the great Being [ by whom they had sworn to act justly . It was notorious that for many years tho class to which the Jury belonged had had no sympathy
with his class ; and it waa therefore possible that they niiprht view hia « l < w through tho darkened medium of prejudice , and feel a a ' . iong pre-inclmotion to convict bim . Bat they did not sit there &b the representatives of any political body—they did not occupy that jurybox as members of eilhor tbe Whig or Tory factionthey were placed there as the arbitrators between him and the Government—they were there to decide whether he had not inflicted an injury on society , and all political considerations and opinions should be discarded from their consideration . His persecutors were of that class whom he had always been taught to look apon as his enemies , because of their unequal and unjust legislation ; but no persecution would make him abandon bis principles , ! which were as dear to hie heart as gold to the raiser—as unchecked tyrauny to the soul of the tyrant He did not fear the « oasequences of their verdict , whatever it might be . He was prepared for any doem which awaited him -.
—" 'Tis better to live in Freedom's hall , With a cold damp floor and mouldering wall , Than to bend tbe neck , or crouch tbe knee , In the proudest palace of slavery . " They bad heard of large and tumultuous assemblages of the people in tbe town of Leicester . Had they been instigated by bim to meet together fur tbe purpose of intimidating any class of society ? Could they have been , when the riots spoken of had taken place seven days before be bad ever , visited the place ? No tuat had been laid down by which it could be shown that the language be had used had an inflammatory tendency ; and unless they were furnished with the context , it would be i most unfair to form an opinion as to the nature and tendency of
bis discourse . He gave ! to tbe charge a broad and unqualified denial ; be solemnly asserted that he never anticipated or desired the consequences which it waa said bis language was calculated to prodace . He had never desired the violation of tbe public peace , en the destruction of property . G id forbid ! Every act of his life—every feature of his character—proved him to be the advocate of peace , of order , of strict obedience to the laws . Tbe evidence against bim was grossly absurd and palpably untrue . The hired witueaaea against bim cnulu listen with calm indifference to the language be had used : what prouf , then , could they give that it had infbmed j the minds of others ? If to obtain the applause ( as had been stated ) of bis countrymen were a criminal act . then would he own himself
guilty . If to point out the grievances wh < ch oppressed tbe class to which he belonged , and show the remedy to be obtained by peaceable and constitutional means , were criminal , then hu would no longer labour to prove himself innocent if he had told them that they were well fed , well clothed , well pduc-ited by their oppressors , would they have applauded him ? Ttie very fact of his having obtained the applause of hi * audience proved that truth and justice were on his aide . He did not deny that the persons whom he addressed had felt a certain degree of excitement He was proud to have witnessed it . But it way' a virtuous excitement , and not of the character which the learned gentleman for the prosecution had wished the jury to believe . Why was maa gifted with feelings tyud sympathies if they
were not to be aroused ?; Why bad the Creator implanted in their hearts an unconquerable hatred of tyranny , and an undyiug love of freedom , if they were not to express the sentiments by whiob , they wete inspired ? Why was the faculty of unbounded thought grafted on man's nature , if it was criminal to exercise it in the cause of freedom and righteousness ? Me bad advocated the destruction of injustice wherever it was to be found , and the establishment of a better system , when every individual would practice the fundamental principles of Christianity—to do to others as they woald be do .. e by themselves . If uniformly to advocate the principle * , of j feeedom and of truth , and honestly to express his hajtred of tyranny , in whatever guise it might be found , was an iudiet&ble offence , thea
they were bound to find him guilty . If tbe sacred name of liberty bad become sedition ia the present state of society , then would he rather pass the leut&inder of bis dajs is a solitary c <* il , wheru , a ! least , h « could commune with the happy Bpirit of freedoaj , autl dream of her future tiitttnpb , whenjvirtue would be practised , and happiness spread throughout the world . The witnesses who had been called admitted that thera bud been no disturbance at th » meeting ; but two wituesaes who were before the magistrates had been kept back , because they hod then made admissions which zt would not have served t . e purpose of the prosecution to have had submitted to the jury ; they were both respectable men . The persons who had been called wore interested parties , in the p > y of the prosecutors . If the two
witnesses who had been kept back bad given their evidence on bis trial , he really believed tbe learned gentleman opp sed to Mai would have withdrawn the charge against bim . The defendant went on to contend ibat he bad not used the language attributed to him ; both of the witnesses who spuke to it had not taken a note on the spot , but trusted to their memories ; they had been schooled into the part which they had played ; they had been told that if tbe jury should know the context , if they had heard tbe w hole of his address , they could not convict him . The men who had been called ware Incapable of comprehending the meaning of any sentence which possessed the least profundity of
thought , and it would be great injustice to rely upon the sentences which they had given , concocted , as they had been , from one or two detached pbraeta , ami tortured by the ingenuity of those who had sent them to the meeting int > expressions of a violent character . The dtfendaut proceeded to condemn the police force as an innovation on the origiuui constitution of the country , copied from despotic governments , aud stated that he would nut purchase un acquittal by saving that he approved of tbe institution of such a force , or the general conuuot of the niea who belonged to it He bad always advocated peace and order , but , it was true he had denounced th ^ Government aa tjt » mnical .
Mr . Baron Gurnet ( with vehemence )—Then you have done wrong , exceedingly wrong . VVe know nothing of you . air . . The Defendant—That was my conviction , jny Lord . Mr . Baron Guenlt—You may hold your convictions as you please , Sir ; bur jyou have no right to hoid out to the people that the ( government is tvrauiucai : that ' s a crime . : The Defendant—I will contrast ray language with that used in a 831 by the » wy magistrate who committed me . I am the disciple of the ugiutora of that pe-iod , and , whilst following their example , the language attributed to me is much less inflammatory than that wbicb I can show waa used .
Mr . Baron Gurnet—I cannot allow it The Defendant—Contr . dt the language used by me with that used in 1831 by Mr . Mellor , one of the learned counsel for tbe proaecution , which I wili teaii from the Leicester Chronicle . Mr . Baron Gumney—1 will not allow anything yon are supposed to have » wd to be justified by what might have been said by other people . I have nothing to do with that 1 The Defendant— I am merely saying that I did not use suoa expressions as weie used by tfceue geii'lemeu , even supposing that vhnithd witnesses have said is true , which I flatly dewy . 1 am not going to put them in as evidence , my Lord .
Mr . Baron Gaa « EV—Very Well . It cannot be given in 6 Videuce , and theroiore cannot be introduced here . The Defendant continued—If he bail expressed his opinion of the police , bis own class had been vilified with impunity . Had they not ! been called a ditty , uuwashed , swinish multitude . Upon tbe paltry evidence which the jury bad heard he had feaan . dtagg « d from bis bed at midnight to a gaol , j and kept four weeks in confinement there waiting for foil . He was on his way home to Liverpool , bis native town , when he was
invited to delivei tbe lecture whijsh had been complained of . Two persons went tc the Mayor to ask If they ought not to meet He said be did not know whether they had a right to do so or not Why did be not send a policeman to teli him be oHght not to be there ? If he had done so , he ( the Defendant ) would have left Instead of which he said be wonld hold the lecturer responsible for the peace of the town , and . he ivas willing to he responsible . No disturbance of any kind bad taken place . Bat there w&sja secret cause for this prosecution—he was a Chartist .
Mr . Baron Qo *» fir- ~ You are not charged with being a Chartist here . Tho reason wby there was no farther disturbance might bave been that yon were at once taken into custody . The defendant—It is cf no ; use for me to proceed further with my defOSnce . I would convince yoa , gentternqn , of my innocence if allowed to adopt the line of defence which I had m . itked out for myself . Defendant went on to oJtferve—What became of the boasted right to assemble publicly and disease their grievances , if they were to be drugged away to a dungeon for expressing their opiui «^ at peaceable meet-
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ings ? If the Jury found him guilty , their verdict woald justify the government in any attempt winch they might make to suppress the liberties of tbe people ; and thus any mau who raised bis voice against ex-sting institutions—sueh , for instance , as churchrates—might be arrested and thrust into gaoL Lord John Russell bad said that the government had nntaing to dread from public discussion . He ( defendant ) w ished the people to obtain a great and permanent victory over class legislation , by the moral energy of public opinion , exercising its giant power in tbe various chan * nels which the law allowed . And they bad discussed their g ievances at tbe meeting in question witfloal the least intention—God forbid—of using any other than peaceable and constitutional means to obtain : i
redress of them . The defendant then alluded to the charge of Chief Justice Tindal at Stafford , and argued fr .-si it that it was unjust to take detached words from a ! - > ng address , without reference to tbe context , and found a charge upon them . He also went aS great length iato an examination of thft lai > guaga which it was sairt he had used , and endeavoured to shew that , even supposing it correct , it could not have the effect which tbe indictment alleged . In conclusion , he contended that society was not properly constituted fer mnn ' s physical and moral happiness , and he was , therefore , justifi « 'i in urging his audience tt * adopt such means as would tend to establish a better state of things . Tae defendant concluded a very able address , by stating that he should leave his case in tbe hands of the jury , confident thai the result must be a a verdict of acquittal .
Mr . Baron Gurnet briefly recapitulated the uvidenue , and , ia no very equivocal terms , expressed his conviction of the defendant's guilt . . The Jury having retired , for half as boar , returned with a verdict of Guilty , stating that they thought the defendant hid used the words charged agiuost him under feelines of great excitement . Mr . Baron Guuney sentenced the defendant to eix months' imprison meat , aud to enter into hi * own recogrrzinetis in £ 200 , aud find two sureties in £ 2 § each , to hetp the peace tot three yuara . The trial lasted until ten o ' clock at night , and concluded the busineba of the assizes .
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From ( he London Gazette of Friday , if arch 24 BANKRUPTS . Thomas Hawkins , St . John-street , carrier , to ja rrender April 4 , May 1 , at twelve o'clock , at the fimfcrupta Court . Solicitor , Mr . Nichols , Middle-tent t i ! e » lane ; official assignee , Mr . Graham , Basinghall-street Edward Tnrmaiue , Canterbury , porter-nnarct-ui * , April 4 , at eleven , May 6 , at twelve , at tbe Biufc * rupta' Court . Solicitors , Messrs . Barron and Cution , Bloomsbury-f-qaore ; official assignee , Mr . Gibson , Basingha ! I- street . Joan Kirhy , Brooksby-streek , Islington , victualler , April 4 at two , May 6 , at eleven , at the B » nkruDts * Court . Solicitor , Mr . Cox , S & 3-lane ; official assignee , Mr . Green Aldenaanbury .
Jinnies Gibbs , Jermyn-streefc , Westminster , soriveae'" , Aprii 8 . at half-past eleven , at the Bankrupts' C-ur t . Solicitor , Mr . Savage , Henrietta-street , Ck > v--nt > - garcten ; official assignee , Mr . Edwards , Frederick ' splace , Old Jewry . John C . vz -T Hawden , Three Nuns-court , Aldermanbury , and Canonbury-viUaa , Islington , , corunilhdion agent . April 7 , at half-past 1 , May 0 and 12 . at the Bankrupts' Court . Solicitor , Mr . Fiaher , Setjbant ' slun , Temple ; official assignee , Mr . Groom , Abchurcb lane . James Ckard , Bristol , corn-factor , April 11 and May 9 , at eleven , at the Bankrupts' District Court , Bristol . Solicitors , Mi . Church , Bedford-tow ; aaA Messrs . Bommett aud Adney , Chard , Somersetshire ; official assignee , Mr . Morgan , Bristol .
Samuel Tucker , Exeter , carrier , April 6 , at two , May 4 , at one , at the Bankrupts' District Court , Exeter Solicitors , Messrs . Terrell and Roberta , Exeter ; official assignee , Mr . Mirrzal , Exeter . Thumas Fletcher , Lo&eoe , Dstbyririte , grocer , April 8 , ac half-past twelve and April 29 , at twelve , at the Bankrupts' District Court , Birmingham . Solicitor , ( VIb Jessop , Alfreton ; official assignee , Mr . Bittlestoue , Birmingham . James Meadows , Wavertree , Lancashire , miller , April 2 , at two , and Maj 2 , at eleven , at the Brtokrupts' District Court , Liverpool . Solicitor , Mr Booker , Liverpool ; and Messrs . Holme and Co ., Newinn ; offleial assignee , Mr Follett , Liverpool . John Lucy , Jan ., Liverpool , tailor , April 7 , Bud May 5 , at eleven , at the Bankrupts' District Court , Liverpool . Solicitors , Messrs . Francis and Dodge , Liverpool ; official assignee , Mr . Turner , Liverpool '
Samuel Danks , Wednesbury , Staffordshire , sirewmanufaotuxer , April 7 , at half-past ten , and 2 o . at eleven , at tbe Bankrupts' District Court , Birmingham Solicitor , Mr . Danks , Birmingham ; official assigce ? , Mx . Christie , Birmingham . John Heslop , Morpeth , Northumberland , grocer , April 8 , May 15 , at twelve , tit the Bankrupts' District Court , Nowcaatle-apon-T ^ De . Solicitors , Messrs . Crosby and Compton , Church-street , Old Jewry ; aud Mr . Cbarlton , Morpetb ; official assignee , Mr . Baker , Newcasele-upon-Tyne . John Anderson , Aigburth , Lancashire , plumber , April 6 and 28 , at eleven , at the Bankrupts' District Court , Liverpool . Solicitors , Messrs . Chester and Toolmin , Staple-inn ; aud Messrs . Aveson and Pritt , LWerpuol ; official assignee , Mr . Turner , Liverpool .
PABINEHSHIPS DISSOLVED . 8 . D « thick and Co ., Newton-heath , Lancashire , alebrewers . Seed and Co ., Morton , Yorkshire , coalminers . J . Johnson and G . Heath , Salford , srrallwaromauufactnrers . J . and S . Rowcroft , Manchester , ironfoundera . J . Turner and Son , Shelley , Yorkshire , woollen-cioth-manufactnrera , W . Batterwortb ; and Sous , Rochdale , and Wood-street , Cheapside , woollenmanufecturer 8 . Midwood and Brother , Manchester , fustian-manufacturers .
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From the Gazette of Tuesday , March 28 . bahkrupts . Thomas Edward Rowley , draper , Oxford-street , to surrender April 4 , at twelve , and Ma ; 9 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Whitmore , official assignee , Basinghall-street ; solicitor , Parker , St . Paul's Church-yard . Isaac Wilson , draper , Tillingbem , Essex , April T , athalf . past ten , a&d May 9 , at half-past eleven , at tha Court of Bankruptcy . Alaaget , official assignee , Birchfn-lane ; solicitor , Digby , Maluon , Essex . Edward Perkins , coal-dealer , Hozton , April 4 , » nd May 2 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Beleber , official assignee ; solicitor , Ashley , Shoreditch . Charles Gilby , wine-merchant , Greenwich , April 7 , at half past eleven , aud May 9 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Graham , official assignee , Baainghall-atreet ; solicitor , Harpur , Keuningtoo
cross . John Herbert Gluvsr , oil man , Bsrrnondaey-street , April . 6 , at half-past one , aud May 9 , at twelve , at the Couit of Banuruptcy . Groom , Abcbnrch-lfcne , official assignee ; solicitor , Wollen . Bucklersbury . Robert Conibeere and Edward Butler , jun ., woollendrapers , Birmingham . April 11 , at one , and April 26 , at tw lye , at the Birmingham Court of Bankruptcy . Solicitors . Fisher , Bucklersbury ; Tyndall and Son , Birmingham . Jostph Pym , jun ., cabinet-maker . Belper , Derbyshire , April 11 and M ; ty 2 at eleveo , at the Birmingham District Coutt Christie , official assignee ; solicitor , Ingle , Belper . Saiunel Teague , builder . Birmingham . April 10 . at one ; and May 6 , at twelve , at the Birmingham District Cjurfc . Whitmore , official assignee ; solicitor , Rylanrt , Birmingham .
John Tattersall , coal-doaler , Old Lyons , Lancashire , April 12 and May 4 , at eleven , at the Manuhfcster Diotrict Court . Stan way , official assignee , Manchester > Solicitor , Johnson , Son , and Weatherall , King ' s Benchwalk , Temple , Lendon ; Alcock aud Dixoa , Burnley ; Hall , ditheroe . Maurice Seary , maltster , Swndwr , Flintshire , April 11 &nd May 8 , at twelve , at the Liverpool District Court . Bird , official as 8 i « iwe , Liverpool ; solicitors , Roberts and Son , Mold , Flintshire ; Milne and Company , T-tmple . Lundon . Stephen Thoraaa , victualler . Y « rk , April 7 , and May 5 , at twelve , at the Leeds District Court . Freeman , official assignee , Leeds ; solicitors , R . E . and C . Smithsobb , Yv . rk ; Rulmer , Lee <' s . Ricba-d Biackbum and J . > hn Blackburn , clothmanufacturers , Morley , Yorkshire . April 8 ., at eleven , and May 2 , at twelve , at the Leeds District Court . Fearne . official assignee ; solicitor , Blackburn , L ? eds .
Jonathan Bowman , woollen ( irapei , Carlisle ,, April 10 , at ten , and May 16 , at two , at the Nswcastie-upwn Tyne District Court . Baker , official assignee , Newcastle-upon Tyne ; solicitor , Philiyson , Newcastle . John Huiderson , wood merchant , Greenside , Durham , April 24 . at half-past eleven , and May 22 , at two , at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Court . Baker , official assignee , Newcastle-upon-Ijne ; solicitor , Crosby » nd Compton , Ghurch-COuit , Old Jswry , London ; BovJe , Newcastle-upon-Tyna . John Fletcher , boiler manufacturer , Marypoit , April 12 , at eleven , aud May 15 , at two , at the Newcaatle upon-Tyne District Court , Baker , official assignee , New » castle-upon-Tyne ; solicitor , Huthsraite . Maryport . ; Taylor and Collisson , Great Jamea-street , Bedford-row , London .
Henry Yeatman , chemist , LeachJade , Gloucester shire , April 7 , and Mi » y 8 , at twelve , at tbe Bristol District CoarL Acraman , official assignee ; solicitor , Barron and Cullen , Bloo ( uabary . 8 auare , London . James Duffiold , draggUt , Tewkeabuty , Gloucester shire , April 7 , and May 8 , at eleven , at the Bristol District Court . Acraman , official assignee ; Winterbetham and Thomas , Towksbury .
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New Live . — " Hundreds who have kept their beds for years have been so speedily reiayigorated with aa infusion of new blood , and consf ^ aentW % t newlife and strength , by the use of Pair'sMfegiQB , that their re-appearance amongst thoir fellow beiuga who had long given them up as incurable , is loo ^ fed upon as the greatest of the many great ;«^< ai 3 * j ( tf thia miraculous age . Their UuBolioited tesiimony witnesced by gentlemen of high reputation , may be obtained of any agent for this bjgfily i prlwd medicine . "
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TORONTO , UPPER CANADA . Rob Roy , Younge-street , February 25 th , 1843 . Worthy Brothers , —Having on leaving England , in March . 1812 , promised several brothers to write to them on the present prospec s of America , and conceiving such information may be useful to members thinking of emigrating to thia country , we have deemed it advlsable to give it brit-fiv through the medium of the returns , a printed document issued by the masons'
committee to tbe members fortnightly . It should fee known that the public works in tbe United States have been partially , and in many instances , totally suspended since the failure of their banks . At tbe present time , they are wholly suspended . It has , however , been antielpated that these worka will be resumed in tbe coming seasoa But , judging from the speech of the Governor of New York ( the richest State in the Union ) , and the public press of the United States , little hopes can be entertained of feuch anticipations being realized .
The public works in Canada proceed very slow ; and are magnified by the press into ten tim « a their reality . The wages are much , below tbe current wages of America , and tbe work is generally done by that infernal bane , piece-work—double the number of men being frequently kept to what the stone will employ . These things , together with the unhealthy situations in which the works are going on , make emigration to tbis country v » rj precarious and unadvisable , especially for those that depend on their trade for subsistence . The only class ot men we could at all advise to come to this country , are those with families , having a little capital—say about £ 100 ; With this they could , if judiciously managed , purchase a good plot of land , wbicb would maintain
tbe family in comfort , aud serve as a resort in dull times on which to employ themselves and families , during tbe suspension of their trade . Those in this position are tbe only class of tradesmen that axe in a way at all to be envied . Trade fluctuates bo much , and jobs are so far esunder , that a man absorbs what be gains on one job in looking lor Another . On the other hand , the produce of a farm sells so low , that a man has to toil bard for a mere subsistence . Tais climate , too , is very disagreeable to many Europeans j in BUnimer it is excessively hot ; in winter , extremely cold . These disadvantages , with the store pay system , ( truck system ) and other evils tos numerous to mention , will at once make it evident , that emigration to this ct " entry , nnder present circumstances , can by no means be advised .
Homing the Society and its members are in healthy and | / xv" > eperous circumstances ; W « remain , truly , In tbe bonds of un'tf , John Worth imgton , 1 MasonB Alexander Wilson ) To Thomas Sbortt , Secretary of tl ** Masons , London . ¦ a j > r fi —^^^^^^^ fc ^^ fc ^ M ^ f r fj ^ ff f
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^^ " THEY MANAGE THESE THINGS BETTER IN . VKANCE . " A railroad is about' to be constructed between Paris and tba second city in France—Lyons • and tt is interesting to see bow titj « t about Ibese matters is that country . , * .. „ , The Government delivers W iDe companies ! t rw « all charges , the land requirt 3 ftr <*« w&olfi 1 Ul ? 8 ' undertakes to complete the **** & ^ oika , tw >™}* ' bridges , 4 c , at its own expense ,- 2 nd bnilds *» tae stations End termini . The companies have to defray c"o 3 y tbe cost and laying down of the rails on roads eaoatructod and levelled at the expense of the State ,. •«* to f engines , carriages , &c ; for the working 9 ' " > e "nea ' The serions expenses which have attend ^ th « formation of railways in England , via , the p Wbase of the land . Mid the conBtractien of the wprKty & ° """ avoided in Prance , and ibe liabilities to eXT '* " *» calculation of tho cort are brosgnt witbia wy narrow limits .
The French Government -will grant a lease of <* line foi a period of from 3 J to 45 years , rent free , * t the expiration of which term the Government is to ' take possession of the railway , and to reimburse to the company tbe then actual value of the rails , engines , carriages , &c , to be determined by competent 'altters named < m each side . Fiance wiil be much traversed when her railroads ore dowa , and the more so , because we respect travelling will be much cheaper than in this country . — Brighton Etrald .
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THE NORTHERN STAR . __ _____«____
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 1, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct475/page/3/
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