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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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EMIGRATION . ^ rgERE TO , ASD BOW TO PBOCEED . . iqtjB THBOTJGH A PORTION OP CANADA , J XD SKTKKii - OPjTHB _ STATES OP SOBTB " * « ksica Pasmcdxaklt the states or iiSSACBTS *™ . * BSODS ISLAND , SEW TOR 1 L , ^^ SSi ^ ASlA , OHIO , MICHIGAN ILLINOIS , TST 5 C 05 S 15 . AjfI ) 5 iTF JE ^ ^* TNDEBlAXEN TTlTH A TIETR" OP . ASCERTAINING TBE BEMftABI I . irJ ' - OB OTHERWISE . OP EMIGRATION ; XDTO JP » GB oy THJ 5 BEST 1 ^> CATIOS , ? OB « GtfSB EMIGRANTS , T 2 JOX ACTUAL OBSER-- ^^^^^^ . __ v *^* r f ~ | M Vt f ^~ & ^^^ V ^ B' ^ K ^ ^^^ fc ^^ fc ^^
TATIO 5 . , «¦ xATFRENGB PITKBTHXY , cf Hndderafield . { Cenfamrff ™* ° ** r & *** week ' s paper . ) J 0 lJ BNAL . -DKCRIPIION OF BOSTON . The SUh of the city is tarried from every part in J-flssn sewers ; the streets are well swept , and kept in ** r ! £ pair ; t&eie feeing » « ity tax for these purposes , ffcfrdes oltbe streets-are generally paved "with , a small iSi ' iJsa of brick instead of flagB ; they are edged ^^ jt pamte , ana look exceeding welL There are ' fU 5 _ ug ! j 2 S to be seen , nor is pi ^ -feeding slloired ^" inSbe esnSnes of the city . A contracts * pays & S » fsin for ftJB broken or left meat of the wboJe of SfLjalntaEts ; and it i » carted a few miles from the JillMT" * Bsed in The
ing ^ _^_ ——J n , ? AA * 3 i «« n Winv T * W ** w . « i— . _« . ^ w ^ uriDdpaDy feeding pigs . money £ 2 , ' -Mia coa into fhe dty fund , and is expended is Jv ? reisHr % r ibe sireeis and » ewe » Tie filth bein i ^^ -onipfetdy carried off , QisxB i » txmxqueuQj no S ~ j . jjwr any stagnant water ; bnt all is dean and Sthfel Stoyof the shops have two doors ; and no * ^ S ^ tbsn cross a whole division , orblockof build-^" frwo street to street . They are lighted from tbe « 5 iB . tbfl"mi < 3 dle part , and hare , of coarse , two fronts , aa lo 6 K& of the * treets . The if e w Market is a splen-Jatau ding , 4 S 0 ~ feet long , with shops en each aide of r ^ -pasa ^ 'hjeh rnna through iU whole length-~ » Ki 35 si £ i 3 ^ wBll stocked -with all fcinda ofprorTisioDB 5 " ^^^ : Abots the market are . shops and wareare She
^^ KHses I -saw j of beautiful jjEjj& rr , 15 $ Jit form , active , docile , and powerful . iB a-is ' alsoa ^ ecnKai sort of oray made hers , con-SSj * of tira long beams of -wood . 24 or 35 feet in wtk-boita together in a particular manner , -with S ^ tf flajrt aisJsnces . "Upon these is placed a row of tj * , » Isnel * , without any other fastening than a 2 ? lii eadi of the holes , to keep them ataprqper f ^ ste , - er from rolling backward or forward . I -Has ^ rKltTiai t ^ eT £ iy * 'Iea : a a ^ d respectable ap--ajjuaerftheiibibitants ibgeneraL They mostly dress f- ^ ia ^ E ^ Iinareiaaikablv « l ?» nj and the mechanics jjjgjTjantfrtwi ^ i * ° * J ^ dleclass . 1 was also j j ^ - ^ itb tiaNBJilirity of their form and featnres , vgcjt ce « kBda Mid swarth j ; one might almost iaaijae &gm to be all of one family . The gentlemen , the B 3
^ d » Jo » tJieil * olire *' ' aroI 8 li fi ;] : it > straw , willow , ttlo Jaf . « platted or woTe hats ; which , to me , jnTi BonSij , and in my opmion , a great improTesaioD bb ^ oi iadeed aujiind of staff , hats . The fcii of SatBeHiiie seemed to be carried to the greatest ( xSraae of conpefiticHi ^ rows of hats were hong from jat / lopto the bottom of the bmldlngs in -rery many jjuSo o ^ jWitli-si gns toTe&d , eztenojss also from top to Wto whh ' edge ontward to « atch the eye » f the pasjs ^ by . AithBBhopB where fnrnltnre is sold , a number g daars are fixed in front of the building ; and at t&eamtp whMittey haT » 1 » aseeadby steps , they pdat on " the front of the said shops , a list of the jrJkles dealt in- The eating honses are nearly all in fl ^ kn , or , as they Lars it , baseBisnts , to . which there Ite generally three entrance * .
My friends , John sad James Mitchell , formerly of paisley , Eisoematers , but no- * of this city , manufacturers ({ sQkhsts , wsre exceeding kind and obliging ; they fcoTtd me all thai was inierestiiig in and aronad the cij . This day a company of Tolnnteers arriTed from SsTissd ; laying , in compliment So their commander xscjnpaiiied Mm' so ' far on the way to Sslean , a ^ Be U > the Berth of thB dty , os a Tisit to his rtlaga ; they halted on the " common , " a beauti / al piece d powl iBtetspefsed with walks , trees and water . 5 ae tiay encsntpsd . The -rolaateer corps of the xity Zmisi them to esterbunments of Taririos kinds ; and »} 3 fe Uay WEre hex g thus entertained , one or other
ilia eosipairies of the dty rolunteers tamed out to teigjitxZis amp ; go that all the local military ise m jubSob . ^ Oae 2 ay lh ^ had a general review , Thai i U ^ b concoaraa . of the eitts ^ ns assembled to Titan it ) the same day they fired what is called " a B&& 3 , 'vi&e& £ aeB . A lousd . ia not SI guns as in B-j 5 xDi , fait toe number of States in the Union . X bd-j » tfffiKi time to derote to these matters , but M ^ Tss so iDteregtiDg as the fact that these brave nteins were kept and clothed at iheir mat expense htHsih ; ilg « et of defending the rights and indepen * 4 ca of ibeiccamaon conn try—that they were gea& a 2 j tstdBcmexi and tedesmen > sons who thus stood fewdfst so patriotic a purpose .
Tialiana . ilitcbeDs took me to see that splendid aite&aed bidTdmg , whereml the citizens , in the TO * rf too , met to consult and resolve— in fact , *» fiej taBsicted all thai was important to the dty 2 ^ t&eBeToiJnfion . I mean ihelfcnnel HaD , which l »!« Btedtoth « eity i > 7 the then proprietor , Mr . iHadjiPiBi ^ i gentlemen , Irom" whom it takes its BBS . It ii no * tfce Hepaaiorj -cf the arms and so-* tixmaSxjt all the companies of Tolnateera is the & } , * &Sktn fieognated as followsi—Ths * Greys , " *^ n §> lwnBM uniform of that colour , richly
oraa-¦ aaai ; "Wsahlnrton ' s Guard ; - « Boston Iaght Intejf- ' - "¦ B ias- Sangeesj" "Xancers" ( moantedj ; ^ 9 »^* yB » 2 " jea ; " three or four companies at « stato * n , a » d four ArtSUery csjBpames , beeides » 7 &nZa& eompssy -at Btxbnrgh , and others in the Bmnnfeg dlstricia . The procession of the Maryland Ogany ^ with all the city Tohmteeis , accompaniea by afe ^ nar ef U » Sate CDa ^ ies ) , the Mayor anil * 3 wa » tof t 2 a eity , ibe naval and militarr officers , » t ^ , from the Common to the Pennel Hal ) , was « 7 tt ^ ttghsg ^ They ^ affcerwarda dined together in the ¦ ^« ai Hill of liberty .
| We > 5 Z £ dat , Avgcsi 3 ra—I got my trunks in-Wsa&ud takea to Sie ledgings I had procured . «^ tl went toSCTeral places with my Irienda , the r **™^ sod-staid too late for the Graham's bo ? rd « ^*« s , at which I had agreed with the fust anate **^ JKlsks irpt by his sister ; I , therefore , « - ^ raw ny two friends , and slept at their lodgings «« ai&sted with them , I was introinced to a 2 dr . ^ . J ^ ? a 5 i > y , aD 6 iaac 5 u » intance » I was also f wtoanmiclfiofmyfrieiids . tbe 3 litchella . Se
«?« ssertensiTeleather andfiaishlngrtore . Heis « ia » j « k the TJidted States army , and has a com-G ^ naa eity . HeformedyliTed at ProTidp- y and i ^* J »« aemocrat , when aelate " phyBie -ce " j ^^ »* S ^ 0 Hinras made in \ Rhode lalan 4 .= -ent I ^ odeataedfliBjjsts with Ma party , and wes soon [ i £ Z ?™® st- ± fonssJ appHcation being made for fiaifcS ^ v 01 ae sronni that he did not belong to J *^ Sf e . he wa » set at liberty ; bnt in a few dsya a Sh » £ ? - *» detotbi Governor of MaBsachnsette to S ^ " * **» * te * b * ho-srerer , was not complied
lJ ^ J * teaaia P" 8 eng 8 rs obtained situations I iS ^ - ^ wwof the men . I bm S " ^?*^ entering the Bsy of Boston , to I sJ ^ JS * 3 ** ** «» appearance of the Yankee SrJi *! £ oar 8 } tt « y ^ ns built for rivertaffic , or iStlfSPf to fte ^ y- ^ ey hare two deeks , I WaHw *^ a Peculiar form . In many other I ^^^^^ ^ atoMtotooura . I *^ l Tl ? Btoni - "e , in coBae of erection , stands I « aa « Sf ^ P *>« Pri - » lasrf , and will be a I SSm ^ ** 1162 60111 ? 16163 " ltis oblone , extend-I « te 7 ^ - * ° ftb £ twto . » Kh a row of granite I * £ « 1 » avKflaen 8 e ffi ^ easlons , extending around the I Ifciet ^ k ~ % } ^^ column is composed of « u solid _" " -Ol » baHdme in » TI rJT trra-mt * - * fWi ~> . ia n » n-
i * »* flW ^ dlItaiie « fromUi 8 di 7- It can be cut j ^ ofodm . of anyKza The front of the Kew t ^ p . ™ ^ mdpal Hote 1 ' *** otDer buildings , the * && «» ^ ' *» reh-Bses , in , ire all buBt 4 Av ^^ T" P 16 Etreeti are s 180 P 3 Ted ^* ^ kto dy ui S 6 ^ from ^ 8 toP of ttie State ^ Trt vm ~? ^^ ffl 5 de a » ai « emait « to start for ^ ttbwT * C * * ^ ay landlady , when she found ^ ft oT ^ Jft- 83 * ^ ra ^ ' aod etisrged double ^ tiUa f ^ vr 1 ^ 51 ^ fot ^ w 6111 ^ ^ a hurry , ^* 5 » a ^ L ^ The eoachman , even after I iljig ? " " " * York shilling more than Ms fare , *»« ttrftl ? i ! ? * Mdtbl 8 ateneS * o take my lug-3 *? wfLS ^^ — fo 1 *» " lrkh *» * 4-3 " ' rf ne had me out , he would give J k « W onH ? ° 0 ^ be ^ Sng . - An Irishman , who was
?* JaenSS , ? tpiaa moment , at hearing his ^ 4 jrarf 2 ^ Ench a ^ "ys ^^ BOt Qie ^ ^ aS ^* " iroDld b * 1 ) &en * eolMoa , with-5 ^» S ^ nt ^ ^ &ssenSer » IimI intended to meet me ***^ h ; a fsre" » 6 a s"kaksof hands ; but * tB ^ ftlfr" 8 ?? 1 * « t&aonj so 2 had not Sie pleasure " •^ ein ^ vV 29 ** ttwmiad engaged to go with ** >** eaZf'ZZt ^ ^ tw > late for the bain ; fcow-£ *» W ^ L- ' BoBtw * ' ** country is rery beaujaoL ** » o « ih ^! ^ " ^ aBble castings for the railway , ^ W & ** & The eoantry soon became TO ^ ^ f ? ^ e tamber was small « nd J ^ fwiSftLr . '** moss - lfc ""M aotat an in a loas 9 Jst
* - ^ * 3 f ^^ ° J «» . and not a little S ** toi ? - Tocika i nnseb <* ti » « nrf « a I ^ PtoloS ^* PafieBj'fiwflM { « agri-I 5 » % S ^ ^ ^^ «*^ ' «^ « anty looted 1 ^>^ fi » w ^ course , ftere was a fittte-wria . 1 f ^» i , ^ ™*; » a ' Tery poor indeecL The I i ?^ « fe ' ^ * Tery coarse kind of pxaa 1 l ^ «* - eL ~ J- ' « " ?« % bai nojarch . The people 1 ^ J ^ sd a ^^ L ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^*® 3 - 1 ^^ tt ^^ T *^ * a eom » " ' flIci looi 6 ^ « ¦ ¦ Sl ^ to&i urJtT' - » ' » e * PPHaebedProvidence , - 'JS ^ SSS ^ f ^ ^^ e 1 improved . Prot * Mil-2 f"l * ^^ e ^^^ fi . seemed t o be S : * * SJ ^ S ^ ' ^ hrfateM . ioweta , comi ? 5 " n ^¦¦ l * a * Sl 5 r Jbrtn ^ P" 11 ^ concealed by » U * &sSld « , „ 2 * «« tt to ^ vantage . Here S , ? * bmL ™ " leaTiB S BoKon , we have ^ * aa SS * 'ffate ^ * iUi trees lying ^ ersnse covaed with moss ; iarosny
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instances , the fallen timber was is all the varied stages of decay , and many of the standing trees were covered with moss to the top . At Providence we crossed tfee water In a steam-boat ; the distance was about a mile . Here a number of our passengsra went on board a sttam-boat -whicfe took & circuitous route , and only reached New York on the folio-wing afternoon . We proceeded thirty miles further by railway , and entered a splendid Bteamer at Stonnington , and proceeded on the East river for New TorS , I regretted I had not taken my fare by the other eon-yeyance , which lay all night near Providence , as in that case I shonld have had the pleasure of witness tog the fine seenery on the coast , and also the coast of Long Island , which I passed in the dark ; it continuiag so till -we arrived Bear New York . _
Sxtvkdxt 6 th—w © could only see the lights from the lighthouses along the coast , during the night ; the first object I conld distinctly perceive was a headland to our right . I could not learn its name ; but it was not far diBtaht from New Rochelle , where the remains of the immortal PjUKE were Interred , and where a handsome monument is erected to the memory of that great statesman and patriot . A ^ nccesrion of buildings appeared in "view . Here the land seemed fertile . I saw some oats cnt , as I also did in the neighbourhood of Boston , and during some partlof ear journey from that city . The great prison for minor offences was soon seen , and we had a sight of New York , and very Boon of the city of Brooklyn ,
Staten Island , and the New Jersey shore . We next approached the shipping , amorg which was pointed out to me lha " Great Western , " and the " British Queen ' steam ships ; I had abo my attention drawn to a newly invented machire by which ships of the largest tonnage are , iathe short space of . half-aa-hour , lifted out of the water and left perfectly dry . There lay ia the bay , the North Carolina , an IT . S . Man of War of 120 yuns . Another ship of war lay at the quarantine ground , off Staten -Island . The Gnome , a FreBch war steamer of seventy guns , lay near the North Carolina—Bhe had conveyed the Prince < le Joinville j near the Gnome lay the "Waisplte British frigate , which had conveyed Lord Ashbnrton , who had been sent ont to settle the question relative to the North Bast Boundary line .
The steamer which , conveyed me from Stonnington was of the form and description given of those I saw in Boston Bay , bnt lsrrer and more splendid . Her name was Bhode Island . The faro from Boston was ene dollar and seventy-fire cents ., or 2 | dollars , We went round into the North River , thus passing the greater part of the docks . The ships were numerous , and of various descriptions . We got is before six a-m ., and " ware immediately crowded with lodginghons © keepers , hotel runners , and man-catchers of all descriptions , and for all purposes , but that of giving M something to comfort us without " payment—carters , carmen , porters , fcc . A crowd of them seiEdd my . trunk , and -were very nigh fighting for the possession of the prisa . In the bustle they soon had it on shore
, when I stepped op . and asked if they intended to rob me ? They instantly placed it on the ground , and I engaged a decent looking man to drive it to Peter Bussey ' s for a quarter of a dollar . I went on the top of it all the way . I found that Peter had left New York , and gone to live upon a farm in New Jersey . I therefore ordered the mau to drive to Mr . Bewcastle's , No . 17 ; in the same street . He was In bed . I washed myself , and before I had dressed my leg , &t , he came ana inquired bow I liked the West country . I told him he was mistaken in his man , and I looked him In the face , when be soon found ont who I was . We
shook hands , and I was seon " at home" ( although his home was not all I could have desired ) . After taking breakfast , I went to Worswick ^ s—Bnssey ' a old houseand flier © fennd letters from Mr . John Leeeh , and Mr . Win . Cooke .-of Hudderfield , With ft Northern Star sad a Leeds Mereary ; &Im 0 a letter from John Peacock , ssd ooefrom Thomas Gillispie , of Glasgow ; the latter desiring me to look for Mr . H * warth and other passengers . They were all scattered ; therefore I could not meet with them . 3 now called on Mr . Hollies :,, late Social Missionary ; he was out . William Aahton , late of Bamsley , with a friend , awaited our landing to welcome me to "the land of liberty "
When it became bruited abroad that I had arrived , a many friends came to pay their resyects ; among them were several from Yorkshire , from Louden , and from Scotland , &c Stjs » aT . 7 th . —This morning I went to look far James Walker , late of Glasgow , and his friend HoDlday . The rain fell in torrenta and I got -well drenched . I discovered that Mr . Purclie , late of Glasaow , had beenwritt-g some Whiggiah letters in the PUtoion , a New York paper ; his name was not affixed thereto , for reasons best known to himsslf .
Having received s pressing letter from Mr . Buasey , and having some business to transact , after dinner I took the first steamer for EVzibtth Town , State of New Jersey , to visit him at his farm . The distance was seventeen miles , the fare only 6 jd . I was pleased with the farm , and with the crop upon it I looked round the premises , and partook of apple-pie and milk . He then sent his m&n with a spring-cart to the Port * with me , and I reached New York in the evening . I war hailed by many when going along the streets-: of soaie I had no knowledge whatever : Jos . Farrar , Hanson , Greenwood , dough , Bailey < a female ) , Crowthe ? , and some others from Huddersfleld ; Tiffney and others from Halifax ; Ashton , from Bamsley ; Brown , from Birmingham ; some frem Leeds ; some from T » a-
don j Mime { rom Glasgow , 4 c . ic . A person frons Batley , sear Dewsbury , came to see me . I asked " how the Shoddy business got on V He said , " of late it had gone down . " I enquired the reason ; he replied , " there had been a great deal to do about the Shoddy in the House of Commons , by & Mr . Ferrand , and the merchants would not , therefore , buy the doth . " I asked him "if he knew that I was the person who wrote the letter which Sir . Ferraad read -in the House , explaining how the DeviTx Ihtst was made ? " He opened his eyes very wide and exclaimed : ' * No ; but if it was you , there jttxer was a man mart cursed since ihe creation of the xporld ' He informed me that there were two persons on Staten Inland , carrying on the same trade , and that
be was going to the baeinesB there himself . I was also told that at Troy , in the State ef New York , tbey are rapidly carrying on that species of roguery ; thus ruining trade in America as our manufacturers have destroyed it in England . One person from Batley , » f the name of Bromley , is regularly engaged on Staten Island in the manufacture of Shoddy . Thus are the Yorkshire " devils" now divide * between the States and England ; and when they become fairly balanced in respect of number , and are in full battle array , then will the collision produce & total wrack , ending in a perfect scramble . It is to be hoped , however , that the lynx-eyed Yankies will not beguiled by the transported " devils , " in the same manner as John Boll and his customers have been duped . Mind if we don't soon set a FEHE . ASU at them !
jmostdat , 8 th . —I again went in quest of James Walker , but did sot succeed in finding him . 1 ntxt proceeded by a railway train , which comes to the centre of the city and opposite the Park , where stands the City Hall , Port Ofllce , Poor House , Aston Home , and -many other important and famous buildings Strange as it may appear to Buglislunea , the terminus of the BiQway , after a rather sharp inclined plane , is just upon one pf the ™^ " streets . The rails are laid in the street ! , npon which the carriages are drawn by horses to the « xtreKiity of the crowded parts of the dty —turning corners as waggons do , Prom thence they &xe propelled by steam to West Chester , crossing the river , which separates the island from the main land , to the above town , in the county of the same name ; a dis t&neeof twelve or fourteen miles , I travelled by ene of the trains , ( which , I ihink , start every fifseen
minutes ); passing over the rudest fields , mncb covered with weeds , useless shrubs , rocks-and stagnant pools , and of a most uneven surface , but marked out for sfoeets , in some cases crossing each other * t equal distances , and extending to the extremity of the island , which is fourteen miles Jong ; a proof of what they intend the city to be—a grand specimen of Yankee Bofioas , speculation and extravagance . Arrived at the station , 3 went according to tbe directions given toe which led me along 85 different streets , a dbtanoe of six miles , and , At last , found out that I was directed to the wrong person , and my journey was lost For the sake of variety , I took a stage coach back again , and returned by the common high road to the city , and , of course , had an opportunity of makiBy additional observations upon the wild wilderness of streets in embryo , which terminated at each end at the water ' s edg ? .
I was greatly disappointed with the dty of New York . My idea was tbat I should find it the most unique and splendid dty in theUnlon . I looked for wide , Mgularly-fonned Btreets , filled up with buildings , on gradually sloping inclined planes , and all kept clean sad ia good repair , the filth curried away by -well constructed and sttbstantaal sewers ; but , en the contrary , I found the streets crooked j in some places level , and in p&its so narrow as to render them almost impassable ; badly paved , with stagnant pools here and there , deep ruts in the middle , and the kennels choked with filth and garbage ; innumerable bogs straying about , of a most disgusting shape—indeed , of a -breed to which I was a total stranger—and , as if to add to their ugliness , they are generally . bedaubed with mire , ao as to make
it next to impossible to ascertain their colour . The streets sure of themselves exceedingly offensive to the olfactory -nerveM } but to pats the long snouted grantors was to me intolerable . Many a time have I gone ont of my way to avoid them . I considered that the West end of the city was bad enough , but the east was still worse , there beings greater abundance ef those ill-favoured , dirty grunters . In tt » l > est streets , the kennels wew overflawed with streams of surf gee water , proving that they had bo sewers . The buildings were erected to suit the taste * n < i convenience of the owners , and -were irregular . There certainly are exceptions to this state of things ; -yet ^ upon the whole , the eity is most
shame-, fully managed , as compared with the « lty of Boston ; and ^ 1 was . credibly informed that " parties" are so balanced in the ctty , the neither Ihe Whig , or the Iieco Poco { Democrat ) . party , dare make an attempt to keep the hogs ont of the streets . Bat if either party fear losing votes through interference- with the bogs , surely some of them might dare to amuce for the removal of the garbage" on which they luxuriate , and to suggest the construction of sewers for the carrying off the filth , and pools of stagnant "water ¦ which abound oil every hand . This onght to be attended to , both t-Jt the preservation" of thbirown health , and that of ths cinzans in general . Taey should at once lay aside all party spleen and factious rancour , and unite ic this i
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one common object , doing honour to their far-famed city , by the adoption of means for the removal of nnisances so disgiacsful to their character , and ruinous to health . ; Another , and very great nuisance , exists in the business street * , especially those in which the wholesale business is transacted . In front of each shop , or vrarehouse , are large piles of packing cases , crates , casks , && ' These are heaped npon each other to a dangerous height , as if the owners were ambitious of vieing with each other in showing the largest number , and as if the ex »
tent and success of their business depended upon the show . Tery often the masses are so large as to render it difficult to pass along the small space of flags left uncovered—they being gentrally placed upon the fligs , or footway . Even Sunday is not a day exempt from this nuisance . If two perBOM attempt to walk abreast , a natt is almost sure to catch the garment and a rent is the const quence . But . no matter ; there the heaps of packages remam , in the same position from day today and week to week ; and , if appearances are any indication of their long-standiDg , from year to seat .
There are many splendid public and private bnildings in the city , and some noble benevolent institutions and asylums ; Indeed they have institutions of tvery description for benevolent purposea . I admire ths taste of the BostonJans more than that of the New Yorkers . There , there is a neatness of form and finish , and excellence of situation , which is not the case here . I observed , too , that the horses here are inferior to those at Boston , I . am not at all surprised that misery prevails at New York to a much greater extent than in any other part of the Union ; Beeing that it cannot be otherwise , while so many thousands are ansnaDy , nay almost weekly ; driven here by dire ntcessity from Britain , Ireland , and all parts of Europe , to seek a home and resting place in ths "land of promise ,- " and wio , having exhausted their last shilling in the search to find employment , are compelled to appeal to the authorities , or live by begging or stealing .
Tuesday SUi—Robert Anderson , one of my fellow passengers from Liverpool , with Charles Earnshaw and his wife , arrived from Boston this morning , and brought me some letters and papers which I had lost while in that city . Their recovery was , to me , a very fortunate circumstance . ( To be continued . J
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DISMISUAL OP THE CHAPLAIN OF KNUTSFORD GAOL . At an adjourned quarter sessions held at the Courthouse , Nether Enutsford , last week , before Mr . Trafford Trafford , chairman , and a full bench of magistrates , the Court proceeded to the consideration of the discipline of Kiiutsfori ! gaol , and adopted a course which has created no inconsiderable degree of sensation throughout the county of Chester . It will be recollected that at the late sessions held at Chester , the consideration of the report of the visiting justices of Knntsfdrd Gaol , which recommended the dismissal of the chaplain , was adjourned to these adjourned sessions . Since then the visiting justices made another report , embodying evidence on the dietary and discipline ef the gaol , and adhering to the recommendation to dismiss the chaplain . A letter had also been received from Sir J . Graham ou the whole of the documents , rrflectlDg in the strongest terms upon the misconduct of the governor of the gaol ,
and putting it to the justices whether , after the instances stated in the evidence of the reports , particularly as to the continuance of corporal punishment to a youth when it had been expresalystopped Vy the BUigeon in attendance , they conld with confidence and safetj continue him in his situation ; and also containing an opinion that if death had ensued in consequence of such conduct , the governor would have been guilty of homicide . The charges against the chaplain made by the visiting justices were the most prominent part of the proceedings . The first and main one was , that during the inquiry his conduct had been most unsatisfactory . It appeared that the inspector , who had been Bent down by Government to report on the case after Mr . Buncombe bad made bia charges against the governor in the House of Commons , examined the chaplain privately at Kuuts . ' ord , and that the latter refased , when required , to state to the visiting justices ' ¦ bat he had communicated to the Inspector , because , as be alleged , he considered that communication to be
confidential . This was held by the justices to bo a ground of accusation against him . He was . farther' charged with having kept a journal , which he declined to produce for the : inspection of the justices , although an order had been made that he should report to them whatever he saw wrong before entering it in bis journal in order that the same might be investigated ; and he was also charged with not having exclusively devoted his time to his spiritual duties , and witQTiot having administered the sacraments to some of the felons . At the conclusion of the WadiDg of the documents , ¦ whieh -were of some length , and "which contained evidence of ah exculpatory as well as of a criminatory character ,
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Mr . P . L , Townsend moved that the reports of the vunfclng justices > adopted and coafitmed . and that the chaplain be dismissed . He ¦ went briefly over the allegation * againtit the latter , and said that the main complamt against him was , that he had privately seen the inspector of prisons , : and prejudiced that gentleman's m aJ" ! when "ked to acquaint the visiting justices with , what he had skated to him , he sheltered himself under the plea that i £ was privileged , although the inupector m aia report said that be did noli conaider the chaplam » wnununicatloDB ( confidential . M ° rd J ?? Tabley "" oaded the motion . Sit . Wilbraham contended , that the worst characters in the gaol had been brought out of tbeir cells to demolish the chaplain *; character , and called upon the Court not to make the chaplain the victim and the Bcapegoal because what had been stated in Parliament had been proved to betrae . He thought that if they sacrincea this gentleman they must of necessity earati&ce the gaoler .
Mr . Davenport entered his solemn protest against tne motion , said that no real ground for dismissal bad been Bbown , and expressed a hope that the chaplain would not be visitsd with the threatened punishment becausehis politics were of the Liberal school . The Bight Hon . E . J . Stanley feared the course they were taking would lead thepublioto view the whole proceeding as a feregone conclusion , namely , to get rid of tae chaplain . Ho recapitulated the caw , and said , the inquiry proved tnat what had been -aaid ' ln Parliament was substantially true , and they ought not to separate the conduct of the chaplain from that of the gaoler . He admitted that the former deserved admonition for his conduct to the justices , but said , that that conduct had not been sufficient to justify a attp which must ruin and degrade him . After much further : discussion , the motion was adopted , the numbers , on a division beiug for it , thiityfive , against it five .
It wm then arranged that the chaplain should leave forthwith , and be paid his salary up to the July quarter . After the discussion respecting the chaplain had terminated , the Court proceeded to consider the charges contained in Sir J . Graham ' s letter against the gaoler , going through them seriattim . In some of them the magistrates exonerated the gaoler , though in others it was admitted that he had been in some degree blameable , but not to such an extent aa to warrant them in withdrawing their confidence from him . In this opinion all the magistrates then present concurred ; but when it was finally proposed to pass a general exculpatory vote in favour of ; the gaoler , Mr . Wilbraham declined to concur in it , upon the ground , that although he considered the charges unimportant , yet , as they had dismissed the chaplain on account of still less important charges , he could not consistently Say that the gaoler ought to be entirely exculpated . The proceedings occupied about five hours .
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reduced to the lowest depths of degradation , and steeped to the lips in poverty and wretchedness , It Is to remedy this abuse , and obtain equal repre . sestati' » n , that toe people have adopted the principle of the Charter ; for why should one class , who produce ! nothing , have the power to make laws Tor tbeir own { convenience at the expence of the wealth producers 1 It laws be founded in justice , their influence would be equally felt by every individual in the empire ; and unless they afford protection to the poor as well as the inch , they must of necessity be either imperfect or unjust .
Now , it is said by the advocates of aristocratic governments that the Constitution of these countries la perfect , and " a blessing to the { nation" ! I deny such perfection exists in the " blessed Constitution , " or that the blessed Constitution ia , a b ' esaing to the nation . If the Constitution was perfect , labour would have its protection , and the working classes would have a voice in waking laws to insuib its continuance . Whilst the aristocracy and class intetests trample on the rights and revel in the wealth produced ) by their fellowcitizens , it is a libel on the Constitution to say it is a blessing to the nation . It ia a blessing , to be sure , to all who live by other people's industry , bat it is a curse to the millions who have to support the { idlers .
Strange , that perfect as the constitution is said to be , still we find numbers of those very idlers to which it is a blessing , crying out for reform . ' Ia it a reform of a perfect constitution they mean , or is it a reformation by way of obtaining greater facility for plunder they would seek ? I fancy it is the latter , for if they were sincere they would not quibble and sbiifua and try to annihilate the only principle which can possibly achieve radical and permanent good . Why not join the working classes in seeking to establish the Charter aa the law , instead of opposing its progress ? Why not strike at the root of the evil , and by dealing justly with the people , perfect the imperfect constitution , and make their country the admiration of the world ? Why not give the people the franchise , and thereby restore them
to political equality ? Because they are now as aver they were , your taskmasters , end would sooner heap more chains and miseries upon you than give yoa one particle of liberty , or respite from jyour sufferings . They bare never been honest enough to cede a single point without having first limited it to ] certain bounds . If the people had the suffrage they would not tolerate abuses , and would cut off the sources of monopoly and unjust taxation ; this , the woald-be ] reformers well know , and fearing the trade of oppression wonld fail , they labour to counteract the principle of Universal Suffrage , by endeavouring to substitute ! other and lees efficient remedies in its stead . It is ifer this reason
Manhood Suffrage and twenty-five years of age was cried up ; it is for this reason the Irish ferty shilling freeholders lost the franchise in exchange for emancipation ; it is for this reason tbe leaders of the Irish people quibble about technical trifles , and denounce tbe word UNIVERSAL with as much vehemence as if it was contagious ; it is for this reason " known ] Chartists" are excluded from repeal meetings ; and , finally , it is because those precious hypocrites have been driven from one position to another , with the voice of liberty thundering in their ears , and striking terror into tbeir hearts , and the mareh of pauperism pressing oa their heels , that we have them now , nolens volens , crying out " Complete Suffrage . " j
Irishmen , listen to them not 1 It is the cry of the crocodile and tbe last shift of expiring hypocrisy . The Whigs and middle classes have never ceded or assisted you yet . nor will theynow unless you compel them . Remember there is no mercy to be expected from a hungry wolf—dissemble as he may , he ia a wolf still , in seeking for tbe franchise , baar ia mind that the Charter is yoor only hope ; it is your sheet anchor in the storm ; nor will any other course of policy give you as certain a victory . It is enough for you to know that you are compelled to contribute taxes and defend your country with your lives . It is enough , for you to
know , that no matter whether it be a Tory or a Whig Government demands y « ar obedience , that the penalty is the same , and that you are the slaves pf both . If you are to p . » y , you ought to know for what , and to whom ; and it you are to shed your blood in cfcftince of your country , you ought to have a voice in making the laws which bind you . If you are poor , ; you have a right to inquire the cause , and when you know it to remedy it ; and if you cannot do bo , you should demand that your right be restored to you . As the producers of wealth , you have a right te examine the ! , aacounts of the nation and scrutiniza them as becomes you .
Irishmen , if you love liberty and would see your country happy , you will set yourselves about tho work of regeneration . You have seen the insincerity of the Whigs and Middle Classes . You know the Tories are your enemies , therefore tbe work is , must be your own . Imitate tbe example set you by the Chartists of Great Britain , and tbe brave and invincible band of tbe Irish Universal Suffrage Association , j They aie the TREE friends of Ireland , and opposed as they may be , they will ultimately prove the saviours of your country . Rally , then . Tounrt their standard—it is stamped With the sajls of truth , and victory hovers oyer it . Your obedient servant , '< ^ ERITAS .
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' The Rt » y . Wight—It is no use to attempt it , you can read it after . Mr . Bowman—No , Sir , yon are a parcel of usurpers—(«¦ ' shame , " and " read it" ) Without the mejting Q ; cts its own Chairman , it is a tumultuous assembly . \ Ir . Wight—You have no right to interrupt the proeeeii nga in this way . I shall send for a constable and have order kept—( cheers and hisses . ) jvjr , Bewman-r-I perceive thsre Is a police officer here ; *> ut I dare him to take me in charg-a . I dont want it ' create disturbance , but to exercise my right asaeit i ' 'i-On an understanding that Mr . Bowman and others should Ix > heard , the proceedings were allowed to go on . _
The Rev . Mr " . Wight and several other speakers addressed the meeting , strongly condemning the Government measutv ' . and declaring that sooner than have it as it now stands * < w ? would be better without education at all They po > nted out the educational clauses of the Bill , against \ 'hich they most bitterly inveighed , and contended that 'bey -weie well calculated to destroy Sunday schools , and foster a spirit of discontent amongst Dissenters genei 'ally . One speaker denounced Dr . Hook , of Leeds , l s being the framer of the Bill , while another threw aL' the responsibility on the Government A Rev . Mr . Kitt s ( Baptist minister ) marie a most violent and rabid a ttacfe on the poor Catholics ia respect to tbe MbA ulgencea * of their church —( many persons iu tbe meetin % expressed in strong terms their disapprobation of such intolerant conduct . )
Mr . Bowman , —mpp ealing to the meeting)—Are we to have a tirade again * t Popery ?—( cries of *»' shame , " 44 go on , " and great confi ision ) . After tbe various speakers trailed on by the Chairman , ) had finished , Mr . Bowman made several attempts to- speak , bat was interrupted by the Chairman , -who would not allow him to proceed , r but oommnueed reading a synopsis of the Bill , which occupied a considerable time ; after which he dissolved the meeting , thctigh he and others were pledged to hear the other speakers , or they would not have been allowed to proceed . 3 x > words can givea picture of the scene which now prevailed . Several persons attempting to speak at once , but the confusion , and noise drowned their voices .
Mr . Wight—You must be orderly . I have taken care to have tbe Bill printed in auch away , that no man has a right to speak without pennisaion—( loud booting . ) A Voice—These are the apostles of Christianity ! Mr . Hanson—I enter my solemn protest against the > way in which this meeting has been conducted . i he Chairman , or Mr . Wight—If the meeting does not separate , I'll order the lights to be pat out . The foregoing is a brief outline of what realty took place , for tbe meeting lasted upwards of three hours . We have attended numerous public meetings , during periods of great popular excitement , when party feeling ran very high ; but we never witnessed , on tbe part of any faction , bo overhearing , intolerant , and tyrannical a spirit as was displayed by these dissenting parsons on this occasion . Firstly , we have them
usurping the right of the people , in public meeting assembled , to choose tbeir own chairman . Secondly , we have then ! exhibiting a violent and intoler&nt spirit towards the poor Catholics . Thirdly , we hava them , ( for the sake of being heard themselves ) , promising from the puipit , that others should be heard after tbey Were done ; and then desecrating the hous& of God by refusiDg every one the privilege they had premised- Fourthly , we bave them calling on ths people to sign a petition , which they dared sot lay before the meeting , because it qoea for a rejection of the whole Government measure , and , as such , would have been opposed . And , fifthly , hypocritically pre ~ tending to be the friends ot the children of the poor , while they would continue them is slavery aud ignorance , by wholly opposing this measure for lessening infant labour in factories , and securing them
education . In consequence of these proceedings , the following placard was issued next morning : —
• 'Public Meeting . —Intolerent , Overbearing and Tyrannical Conduct of the dissentikg Preachers in Opposing the Factory Regulation and Education Bill In consequence of the tyrannical and overbearing conduct of the dissenting preachers , at the public meeting held in the Congregational Chapel , last night , in not allowing any one to speak bnt * themselves , and in calling on the people to sign a petition which was never submitted to the meeting , a public meeting will be held at the Market Cross this evening , at hatf-past seven o ' clock , to take into consideration tbe propriety of petitioning Parliament on the ' Factory Regulation and Education Bill . ' "N . B . —The dissenting preachers are particularly invited to attend to discuss tbe subject . The chairman will be chosen by tbe meeting . "
At the time called for the meeting , a considerablenumber of persons had assembled , but at the time of taking the chair ( eivbt o'clock I there would not ha fewer than from 3 , 000 to 3 , 600 persons present . Oa the motion of Mt . Hanson , Mr . James Arthur wa » called onto preside ; who , after reading the Bill calling the meeting , aud making a few appropriate remarks , called on Sir . Bowman to move the first resolution . Mt . Bowman complained bitterly of the overbearing and tyrannical conduct of those Christian teachers who had exhibited on tbe former evening . He said while they beaded their hand-bill " Religious Liberty , " tbey had most unfairly trampled upon tne liberty of the subject , by choosing their own chairman previous to the
meeting , and then not allowing any one to be heard but their own party , though they were pledged to hear all parties . Such conduct was not only hypocritical but tyrannous—it was , in short , a desecration of ths house of God . These men had uttered the most violent tirades of abuse against tbe Church and the Catholics ^ and while they exposed the educational clauses of- the Factory Bill , they had forgot all these good portions of the Bill which protected 'the poor factory child against that excess of toil to which it had been subjected , and shielded it from those dangers to v « hich ik had been most instrumentally exposed , by being , compelled to clean machinery while ia motion . Mr . Bowman , after some further remarks , moved the following resolution : —
" That in tbe opinion of this meeting the Bill now before Parliament for the education of children employed in factories , is not calculated to give to the rising generation a sound , practical , and useful education , in consequence of the power of appointing Trustees beiug placed in the hands of the dominant Church party ; at the same time we approve of it aa ameans of affording education to those who would not otherwise receive it , thus giving them an opportunity of entering the garden of knowledge and partaking of those salutary fruits which they would otherwise be deprived of . Yet this meeting hail this as a great remedial measure to the intense suffering and great exposure to personal injury to which young personsemployed in manufactories have hitherto been sub * jected and exposed , by lessening their hours of labour and protecting them . against injuries likely to be inflicted upon them by cleaning machinery when in motion . "
This resolution was seconded by Mt . Carruthers , and carried unanimously . Mr . Hanson thea came forward to move the adoption of a petition . He spoke at considerable length . The petition was seconded , and earned unanimously . The petition was ordered to be signed by the chairman in behalf of the meeting , and forwarded to Sic James Graham for presentation to the House of Commons , accompanied with a letter ; of explanation respecting ita origia . We had almost forgot to- mention that during the proceedings the Rev . Mr . Cheater , ( Methodist
preacher , ) mounted the cross stairs , and endeavoured to defend the conduct of himself and others at the > former meeting ; but in tbi » he most miserably and signally failed , as was clear { rum the jeers and laughter of the meeting . He was patiently heard throughout * though his observations were of a very rambling character ; indeed , many are of opinion that he came there , not 60 nicch for tbe saba of being heard , but for the purpose- of exasperating , the people . We are glad , however , that the people by tbeir forbearing conduct set him an example which we trust he will profit by in futura .
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An © RLBAHa journal states tbat a notary , of that place had just fled , le&ving . a deficit of 500 , 000 francs * He is supposed to haye shaped hia course towards England . Many of the sufferer ' s are indaatrioua at * tisansand 4 « ricultari 8 i 8 » whd had placed their savings iahishauds . ' , j ' . Apyicbs feom Alexandria of the 8 ch inst . state * that Mehemet AH left Cairo on the 31 st alt . for Lower Egypt . , ile was to proceed thence to Alexandria , where he usually resides during the season of th » K&msin and the summer months , lbraham and Said Pasha still continue in Lower India , The highest number of people oa the Paisley relief list was 14 , 791 ; this was on the 11 th of November , 1842 . The number on the list this { last ) week ia 835 . The Relief Committee , at their meeting on Thursday last , came to tho resolution that their distribution ef provisions to the unemployed shoyht cease on Saturday the 29 th inst .
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TO THE MEMBERS OF THE REPEAL ASSOCIATION OF IRELAND . latSHMEN , —I have stated that the various suffrages which were proposed for the adoption of the people were not calculated to repeal the " Union , " or " strike the blow" which is to set the " bondsmen free . " We have seen that tbe document of tbe People ' s Charter was introduced as the only safe and certain remedy for political grievances , at least so thought the framers of that document , ( among whom was O'Connell . ) and bo the people have ever believed it to be . It is plain that if consistency of principle is necessary in public men , or parties , it is equally necessary as regards the Charter . If a man or set of men adopt a principle which has for its object the amelioration of their condition , it is only
reasonable they shonld give such principle a fair trial before they either condemn , or introduce others in Ita stead . Tha question which follows is , was tbe principle of Univeisal Suffrage given a fair trial before it was attempted to be ejected from the document of which it was a portion ? If not , it was unfair to condemD it before it had failed as a measure . When we look at the present state of society , and behold the people crashed beneath an enormous load of taxation to support an oversown and corrupt system of Government , we cannot bat admit the necessity of applying aome tfficiqnt remedy for the abuse , and , like skilful physicians , treat the malady in its proper and safest way . It unfortunately happens that there are as many ( if not more ) political , as physical quacks , who ignorantly
and recklessly presume to administer nostrum after nostrum , regardless of the result , so long as they can locteet the fee , and dispose of tbeir pills . One quack bleeds , another blisters , and a third leeches his patients , until at length , betwixt physicking and slops , the wretched suffettrs are reduced to a condition ten times woijse than before they submitted to be quacked . In political illness , we have quacks of all shades of colours , from tbe ultra Tory to the ultra Reformer , who aspires to tae establishment of a Mew Moral World of his own ; The Reform qnacks , who would improve the condition of the working classes , are , howev « r , the most arrant knaves in existence , nor can they be otherwise , when we remember the final measure of Lord John Russell ; his dose was
indeed a pill , but still incapable of eradicating the symptoms of unsound and corrupt legislation . The quacks of this order are the more dangerous , & » they seldom bold tbe same opinion , er pnrsne the same practice , for any length of time . The medicines they would apply , in one case , externally , are often applied Internally , and hence we have naked backs in tbe street * , And hungry stomachs in the bastiles . One knowing one says the people ought to be educated before they should be entrusted with the suffrage . To this numbers of would-be friends of the people assent ; now , I cannot deny that were tbe people in possession of sound moral and political knowledge tbey would soon obtain influence and power ; bnt I am at a loss to . know how the people are to be educated in
erder to be qualified ? ' Of a certainty there is but little hope from the Government ; they know that knowledge is power , and consequently they never will educate the people aa long as they can avoid it ; we have had a strikinR proof of this in the fact of £ 70 , 000 being voted for her Majesty ' s stables , whilst £ 30 00 * was voted for the purposes of National education . Talk of educating tbe people before you wonld give them the suffrage after that—' tis monstrous ! as it is evident if education Is to be procured for money , the horses of her Majesty would have the suffrage sooner than the people . Tbe people themselves are too poor and oppressed to afford the means , and what is worse , mother church , with all her knowledge and inspiration , is not a charitable school mistress .
The " lower orders , " says another , are very ignorant , and if they had the suffrage , they would not know what to do with it ; we should have the " rabble " doing this and doing thati and there would be nothing but confusion . But , I would ask , are all the men who possess the franchise educated , or morally better in their character , than tbe non-electors t I £ bo , vheie ate the proofs ? If education were to be the test of qualiflcaton , very many , now helding the elective privilege , would be immediately struck off the list of voters ; indeed , I might safely say , there ; are many thousands of the present electors , who are perfectly ignorant of every thing save crouching servility ' . to their patrons and
landlords . But it is absolutely necessary , says another , to enlighten the people before yoa would give them the franchise . But I wonld refer this quack to the proceedings of tbe late session of Parliament , and then « ay if the lower orders of any country in the world cut bo contemptible a figure as did the representatives of the present enlightened (?) electors . But I forget , it is not an educational snffrafle , those bribe-loving , venal , favoured ones , possess . No , it is a household , or brick and mortar qualification . The present House pf Commons owe tLelr elevation not to the voice or reason of the people , but to the agency of : inanimate matter , or household qualification . if
Talk of morality if you please , but shew me , yoa can , where is the morality « r the justice in Such a state of things . Almost in every town of the empire there are numbers of bonses which are dens of prostitution and infamy , receptacles for highwaymen and midnight assassins , tbe occupiers of tbose houses have a qualification , but tbe working man who rents a cottage for a sum less than is required by law , has no vote , although he is a better and more useful member of society than his infamous neighbour . If a man rents a house for the special purpose of letting it out in lodgings , he is qualified to have a vote , whilst the party paying him a profit rent is disenfranchised . A , pay a £ 26 rent for a house , Bpayahim £ 30 for furnished lodgings , whilst A has a voice in making the law which keeps the monopoly in hia own hands , and B , although he pays , must submit to be bunhened with A ' s taxes . Or a landloxd
has a number of small houses on his estate , and to secure his return to Parliament he adds a pig houso , a fowl bouse , er a few loads of atones , and moita * to stake them of the nominal value of £ 16 . Bat we will give you Lodger Suffrage , say the friends of cheap Government , but why not give tbe poor man a vote , says Ibe advocate of tbe Charter ? He not only builds your houses but produces tbe -wealth -which yon expend on them ; and whether to be , or the bricks , more eligible as electors ? According to tbe principle of Household Suffrage , it is the house and not the man that poBBeaaea the vote , for suppose a man had a bouse to-day tiuvugb . which ha was qualified , and that that house was by any accident destroyed , where would be his qualification then , f It is plain then that if we had no houses we could have no Members of Parliament , but aa we cannot live without houses , we must endeavour to reduce them to their proper and obvious nse * .
It cannot be a ftee country where the producers of wealth are denied a just ptotwUon fox theis labour . In a healthy state of society the working claaaes should be independent of the capitalists , for it U a simple truth , that cause and effect Bhould : be co-equal ? therefore , if labour produces ; wealth , labour ia the principal j and if that wealth be again employed to produce labour it ought to strengthen the , mutual dependance of labour and capital upon each other . Where , this protection la denied to labour , and -wben laws are made for the protection ot capital only , ^ tbe forking classes must naturally be oppressed . 16 " Ia , tbe / duty of a people to protect themselves ; and it is justice to admit their claim to have a voice in making the laws which contribute to tbeir happiness or misery . Thus , in tbe present case , the working classes are , through Ihe influence of dflBs-madelaws , which uphold the interests of the capitalists , and opposed to the righto of labour ,
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CARLISLE . INTOLERANCE OP DISSENT—PUBLIC MEETING TO PETITION PARLIAMENT AGAINST THE FACTORIES' REGULATION AND EDUCATIONAL BILL . i On Tuesday evening , the 18 th inst ., a public meeting waa called in the Congregational Chapel , j Lowtherstreet , for the above purpose . A great number of the working classes were present on the occasion ! evidently taking a deep interest in the proceedings against this
measure of the Government , more especially as it waa understood that the Dissenters were for a total rejaotion of the whole measure , without any regard to its improvement . At the hour appointed , the Cbapel was abont half filled , but the numbers soon began to increase , and before tbe close we should think there would not be fewer than from five to six hundred persons present . The meeting was opened by prayer , after which a Rev . Mr . Wilson came forward as chairman , and was about to proceed , when Mr . Bowman came forward and
Baid—Am I to understand , sir , that you are chairman ? If so , I object , unless you are chosen in a regular way . This is a public meeting—( cheers and hisses . ) j The Chairman—I will not leave tht hair . [ Mr . Bowman—There has been no lu&irman chosen . — ( hear , hear , and hisBing . ) ¦ A Voice—We can't heat Mr . Bowman . \ Mr . Bowman—According to the law of pnblio meetings , the chairman ought to be chosen by tho meeting—( confusion . ) I don't know Mt . Wilson at all , but i do say , to publish a handbill calling a public meeting , and that bill headed " Religious Liberty , " and then to choose the Chairman privately ere tbe meeting assembled , is trampling on tbe liberty of the snbjeot . If the' meeting chooses Mr . Wilson I have no objection—( Go | on , and hisses . ) ¦
The Chairman—As the announcement was mode on the placard that I was to take the chair , and as tbe meeting Was called fora specific object , no one-has a right to interfere with the arrangements . The object we have in view is a truly Christian and philanthropic one , to secure the preservation of our religions rigbta and liberties . We feel for the children ef the poor , and are assured that the objects we aim at are calculated to promote tbeir interests . j Mr . Bowman—You had better take a fair and reasonable course , and appoint a chairman , ( Ajvoice" it is done . '') Then yon bave assumed a . power you had no right to possess . ( Hear , hear , and uproar . ) I say you are greater tyrants than the Government of whom you are complaining . j The Chairman—I beg , sir , you will not interrupt ns in this way j we come here for an honeataad conscientious purpose . ;
Mr . Bowman—I much question yonr honesty , when you are thus trampling on the < liberty of the subject I The Chairman attempted to speak , but the noise woe so great that he could not be heard . ¦ Mr . Bowman—I will read you the law of public meetings . ( Noise . ) This is religioua liberty ! ( Hisses and cries of read it . ) You had far better take my way , because it is an honest way . The Rev , Mr . Wight—We have a right , sir . Mr . Bowman—( amidst great noise )—It is a public meeting , and it must appoint it& own chalrmaa . A voice— ' Put him out , " and great uproar . ' Mr . Bowman—Aye , yon may do as you like , but I The Chairman—Whoa we . ase done , yon can say what yon have to Bay . ( Applause and booting ;) A voice—We'll have out own chairman . >
The Rev . Mr . Wight—In- calling this , meeting -we took particular care to know whether wa were right oe wrong , or doing every tbics according to law , and being well oware tnat it . was a common cnBtomjto ia » terrupt meetings , we did ; every thing we conld to prevent anything taking place on tbe present occasion We called the meeting on our o * rn responsibility ; we appointed a cbaizman , and no one has aj light to come and complain ef it ( Hooting-, noise * and chewa ) i Mr . Bowman—Thsa you oughfi not to have called a public meeting . !
Mr . Wight—Wa called tbia meeting by placard , which specified Us object , and announced who was to be in the chair , and not all tie men in Britain have a right to find fault with it ( Hooting and , cheers . ) I Wish it to ba distinctly u&derstoed , that , as minister of this chapel , I mean to claim the protection of the law . ( Loud disapprobation and applause . ) It is not from any feeling of hostility towards such persons as Mr . Bowman ^ to b . ! ofe . ! from Mr , Bowman )— -ttiat I refuse , to hear him . I am myself a member cf the Complete Suffrage Association , —( a voise—then why > do you not elect a « hp >^ " »» " by Universal 8 uffrage ;) p-bst I would be the first man to denounoe , in the strongest terms , men who come to such meetings as this for the purpose of interrupting the business . Holding itheSe opinions , I can go on with clean hands . I will claim the protection of the law . Mr . Bowman—Then I will read yon the ) law . ( Cheers and hissep , ) Oh ! I will not be put down , I will read you the 1 iw . j Mr . Arthur—Allow Mr . Bowman to read the law .
Mr . Bowman , amidst great uproar , attempted to read from a book . He began , ' according to usage *—( cries of put him down , " and " shame , " mingled witbj ciiee of " go on . ") I
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Tbe Working Men . ' s Mentaii . Impeovement Society . —The members of this society and a number of friends spent a social evening together on Monday , tbe 17 th instant , on ,-which occasioa several exoeUeafe speeches were made on a variety of subjects . Phreno-Mesmseush . —We noticed last week two lectures on this subject , which were delivered by Mr . Adair , of the Sheffield Phrenological Society , in the lecture room of bha A the : seum . Since thea the same gentleman has . given experiments in thia science , oa ' our different occasions in the saute placo ; and with 1
very great success , both as regardsthe numbers in attendance , aud tbe accurate results which he has established . Mr . Adair haa succeeded ia mesmerising several persons belonging to the town , and wheu in that state , has operated upon the various organs with , singular aad convincing effect ; indeed we know several of the pasties , and have no hesitation , in saying that they are afeove suspicion-, aud would be amongst thelast mea in Carlisle to lend themselves for any dishonest purpose , mrieb less to set in collusion with a stranger to deceive and cajole their fellow-townsmen .
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^ __ THE NORTH EftN ^ syAR , J ' ~ ~—^ ' . . ^ — m- — ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Erratj —At the lwginning of this " Journal , " it was set forth , that Mr . Pitkethly left home on the 10 th of January , 1843 . This was an error . It should have been January 10 th , 1842 . Mr . Pitkethly also desires us to Bay that it ia utterly ont of bis power to answer the numerous personal applications made to him by letter , and otherwise from parties who Eontemplate emigrating , and who thus setk for advice . His business avocations
forbid it Were he to devote the whole of his time to that purpose , it would be barely sufficient ; while all the information he possesses will be / 7 « e / y communicated to all through tbe Star . One thing he most strongly advises : that ali who can , will suspend their arrangements for departure , till they have seen the dfcvelopement of a VEW SCHEME OP EM 1 GBANT COLONIZATION , which will follow In dne course of this publication : for by it , he belives , great suffering and much disappointment may be averted , and much general and individual good secured . In connection with this subject of Emigration to the States , we have received the following letter from one whose name is well known throughout both Lancashire and Yorkshire . It will he read with interest , and impait some useful information .
New York , April 6 th , 1843 . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR , SIR , —As the tide of Emigration is about to set in here , a few observations upon tbe Btate of tbe country may not be useless . Large numbers com ? here almost pennyless when they land ; and , as a matter of course , tbe labour market in the vicinity of the large towns becomes glutted . There is scarcely a cotton zniU that has not been innndated witb workmen ; and the consequenve is it has caused a material reduction in wages . In connection with this , daily improvements are being luade in the machinery , such as " double decking" and " self-acting ; " this , too , has thrown numbers out of employment ; bo that factories here are little better than those in England ; and . upon the whole , people employed In them do worse than any
other trade . Still the general advantages over England are great . Land is cheap , provisions are cheap , and , apart from the large towns , fuel is moderate . Farmers with small capital , do better than at home and so do mecbancs , such as carpenters , painters , smiths , and labourers . Thousands have landed in New York , who hava retained t » England in a few w « tks , giving , no doubt , very distressing accounts of the country : they having passed , perhaps , the whole of tbtir time in the city where they landed . Persons of small capital and industrious habits , who are struggling with the depression ttat haa taken place in trade in England , may better tbeir fortunes considerably by emigrating ; to the Western States ,: say Michigan , Illinois , Ohio , Tennessee , and buying a small farm ,
putting up themselves a house , in which they are assisted by tbeir neighbours , and obtaining employment at their trade , or assisting their neighbours in getting in their crops , for the first year till the ; are settled . The land increases in value every year , as the place becomes more populous : and only think . Sir , of tbe contrast i a man here by doing so , may secure a permanent independence for Ms offspring ; whilst in England be toils all his life for a scanty subsistence , and his landlord's rent Still I do not advise any poor man to break up bis bouse and home , if he is earning a living , to procure & passage here , if he lias not the means to carry him further ; for as I have already stated , this causes the large towns to be over-run with men seeking work . And when they see others similarly situated , they
tire ; and , aa a last resource , try to get home again . It may sot be uninteresting to my brother Chutists to learn bow their labours to obtain their just rights are looked upon in this country . In the first place , the two f actions . Whig and Democrat , bave been bard at work abusing each other for some time past , which kas left them very little time to attend to the sufferings of the brsve Chartists on the other side of tbe Atlantic . But the news ef your brave and manly conduct during the last struggle has caused them to look more closely into the cause why-the industrious sonB of Britain should be thus deprived of the only neaas of relieving themselves from their present degraded position , namely , the choosing of their representatives in Parliament ; and they are now expressing themselves in language plain enough to be understood , that the cause of Chartism in
England is * h * cause of justice and truth . 1 nave no doubt the time is not far distant when public opinion will be aroused in this country , and some steps taken to express their sympathy for their suffering brethren . By the way , it would be as well to remind Emigrants coming over to thia country , that they will find a whole host of locusts ready to prey npon them the moment tbey land , in the shape of boarding house keepers , and steam boat agents . Hundreds of poor men upon landing here bave been plundered by these men in the most sbamefnl manner ; as for instance , tbey will promise to board them for a certain sum , then get possession of their luggage ; the unfortunate dupe / upon calling for his bill , finds it to amount to three or four times the sum he agreed for . But be has no alternative . He mnst either pay or lose his luggage . Against these sharks it behoves tbe emigrant to be on his guard .
Trusting that tbe unfortunate victims of Whiggism and Toryism will soon beg restored to the besom of their families , I beg to subscribe myself , Yours ia the cause of democracy , William BotterwoRTH .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 29, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct479/page/7/
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