On this page
-
Text (10)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
EMIGRATION . -tfHERE TO , AND HOW TO PROCEED . -, or x TOtS THROtGH A POBTIOK O ? CASADA ., 3 ( 01 iXD SETKBAL 07 THB STATES OT SOKTH I ^ EKICA . PABTICTJJ . AKLT THE STATES OF ^ gSACHCSBTTS , RHODE I 8 LAKD , NEW T » EK , PS 5 JSTI-TAJIIA , OHIO , MICHIGAN , ILLINOIS . WISCONSIN . AKD SKW JK » 5 ET , WNDBRlAKEN irB A VIBW OF ASCERTAINING THE DE--jjiSILIIT . OB OTHKBWJSE . OF EMIGRATION ; otBlO JtDSE OF THE BEST LOCATION . FOR 15 GUSH EKISRANTS , TBOH ACTUAL OiSEKTaIIOH . BY LA ^ RE ^* C 2 PITKETHLY ., of Hudders&eld . f Continued from our last it eric ' s pmper . J jnrBXAL . —DESCRIPTION OF DUNKIRK , SANDUSKY , DETROIT , lee .
ysiCAT , 26 th . —I begun my journey from Chester moo aftr b reak of day ; Mr . and Mra . Crowtber Jj ^ ei botti sjot up and prepared a breakfast similar to JneVnpper . ^" ™ ? annoyed at tbe delay occasioned w » to much cooking , I took some milk , and hastened ( L ,. tier to set ready the horse and busts ? . Crowther « fired to iccompany me . He managed to drive much S ^ r th an 1 bad done , ard took a long stretch of -wcmneb better than that over which I bad travelled . rj 2 J we bad much difficulty in reaching Bewcs , wbrre ^ e call ed upo n a friend of Crowthers , named Dsfid jfc 4 » on , an Englishman , with a mos-t bandsome vife an d tiro charming daughtera , very neatly dressed . rtat trere all highly amused by my yesterday a adrtntoe , -which I related -while the ladit * were engaged in prepariB ? dinner for ua . They had dined . However £ ey » t down at the table , and after tasting excused tvojBjelve * » nd explained .
Mr Jedson informed me that Pork was selling at three ero tipH pound ; Wheat per buthel fifty cents ; Indian Corn eig hteen to twenty-five cents ; Oats thirteen to tisbteen ; Barley twenty-five to thirty ; Millet little uscdkitgr taking leave of the amiable family of the Jedjob ^ » e proceeded onward fer Marshall , and took s different road to the one I had travelled . The drive wm very p leasant and considerably cleared . We went to tbe 5 I « rshill House from whence the coach was to KK t , 1 : was soon ready ; but I did not feel eomf . > rtikle it the thought of having to travel over ron / jh Htdj in the dark , it being then nine o " clock at night ; ttow erer , I found th « roads somewhat better than I anjjjnate d . Tts coach , which was buns on strong leathern }*;» , swnng exceedingly . There are three seats to the ijsajeu stage coaches ; one at each end , and one in the middle , which is movetble . A strong leatktrn belt
doaei above tbe seats and forma a rest fot the buck ; there are neither glass nor pannels at the sides , but tfcey are opea with a sort of canvas apron to button np it pleasure . The passengers consisted of myself , six Yankee dandies and a cheerful young lady . Tbe giadie * were very merry and not at all choice in their leiection of phrases . The lady was equally free . They made some joking remarks respecting myself ; bnt knowing There I was , 1 took them very patiently . The eo&rh halUd at KaLaMazoo . In the Inn tijae t&s a vay large wood fire , around which I was tsrpnsti to see the passengers crowd as though it had been the middle of winter , while I knew not how to ke ep myself cool- We remained here about an henr , ma kft behind us the noisy gents and the loquacious hsrj . Tbe to ^ n is handsome , well situated and well built- sod tbe country around it is beautiful and
fertile . 02 ep ? ci ! isri £ y connected with American stage coach tnvefficf arrested my attention . There are not constant stoppage * at the inns , a * with us in England ; but tfce ttur ftwiMi carries with him a watering pail ; and when be comes to a stream , or well , or pool , as the case may be , be alights and waters his horses . Satvsdat , 27 th—From this place , Kalaiuzoo , we next reached PaW Paw . Having crossed the river
Kalams 2- » , cur count : lay through a very fine country . We arrived it Paw PaW about nu > e o ' clock in tbe Boraing when we breakfasted , and then again proceeded through a rich course of country , having in the distance io our left , the 'White Pigeon Prairie , vbicb u well setUed by both Scotch and English emigrants . The forests are rather numerous ; yet there are Exsy openings with ota / t bouse * and log huts . Tbe cops are m general good and heavy ; though the whole a modi damaged by smut .
On our way we took up two young , ladies named Wcxxkeoft , whose father had been a Methodist preacher , but bad aome years ago taken up his abode on % Tciy h&ndsome farm , on which he died , leaving a -widow and numerous family . These ladies were very poiite , acd forniiht-d much valuable local information . We bid also with us a person of the name of King , Ti « travelled by ccach , having a " scrnple of conicsace" against Sunday travelling , which he could not km svoided had he gone round by the Lakes . He aii if be could not have crossed the Lake before Sundsj . he would havs staid at Su Joseph's till Tuesday , ttae bring no coach en Monday , and , of course , no tana to cross . This gentleman spiritualized most stiiid" with the yonug ladies .
"W 6 siso took up a blacksmith , who , in conversation , aid iial money could not be obtained , and that ptup . e rfslitcis ictm seeking work daily , and none could f iTrtiea it for the wani of means to psy them , although "workmen of every description were much required . Aftfcr crossing a very long flit wooden bridge over l iwiicp on the terze of tte river , the coach "m drawn on board a ferry boat on tbe St . Joseph ' s rrra , md landed at a town of tbe same name , which p&nfy rtvc&s on the summit of a considerable elevation , aal partly below on the margin of tbe river .
Tbe rrrer here rather resembled a bay of the lake , than anything else , forming a very extensive marrb . I caoctadsd th- _ v the manh must be the source of much fiisass . The landlord , however , of the inn where tbe eoftca stopped told us he bad lived there thirty years &nd had H-wijs etjored as good btaitb as he then Q pjed , isd bt was the most healthy looking and corpJista mm 1 bad seen in the Spates . On thr opposite bank of the river from St . Joseph * . » Rteofsar . d hiiis ran alorg the verge of ths lake y : ' fh gin , -wfeick in times of speculation were all sur-Teysd tan i ^ jq out , asd vast tunss of money paid for bclldffig lotg . It reminded me of accounts I had read of the sardy Ofeserts of Arabia ; for it would have been Eiors rational to hate built upon piles over the lake crtbe bay .
At five p . m . the steamer arrived with passengers , tod tbe coach started for Jackson , by the route we tstl come . We had U > wait till the steamer was pr « - " ^* = d w ith wood for the fires , and got out of the bay ]* & before the twilight , having a good view of the SbvT * . S ^ jdat , 2 » : h . —On the passage across tbe lake , tbe fKtksiM who ipiritualtred with tbe ladies informed me that , in 1 S 34 , a company purchased , through their ^ = -3 , « ix or eight square miles of as good land as any n > Iiiioois for a dolkr per * cre , all prairie land ; anO , tci " . toey ifterwards bought about 1000 acres of wood asi about ex miles distant from tbe larger purcba * e , »• -torn one a ^ i a quarter to £ vb doliars pel acre . This "s nid was a good purchase .
Tse purchaBe was made for the establishment of a ^^ m iiy . the Eiae of which is Delatan , near - _ r £ i > GFiELD , the capital of tbe State . Tais commujzzy li ^ ijie uj n ^ o ^ jyjg ^ bound together by religious ties . » r . King g ^ j tk . rlading they had made such an ad-^¦ agwas purchase , and were d . ing so well , tbey fcjjU ^ t a farm and erected a share saw mill upon it , J ** h pro red a dead loss to the amount of near 10 , 000 . / ¦ "srs ; a iota equivalent to the gain reaVzed by
pother p ^ rcaases . The scene of their principal opcra-£ - 5 U it in Taj-well couEty , six milessonib of 111 nois /** , somidrtl by tbe Springaeld aud Peoria road-^¦ -ii eoiLBTn ;^ . were offered a farm and saw mUl , and - ¦ & P- "wer , ready for working , at a price which w .-fl hive sived them 10 . 000 dollars , instead of lo » iDg t Run bj the erection of the other , thus making a r ^ P of - ° < - ' 00 dollars . They have built a very £ f ? - ball which was not required , aDd have otherwise *• " oot ttcre moEej tJlan Taa pmdent
• . 5 ?^^ the c . mmuniry are allowed to have spirits ^ possfesr . in , except the apothtcaries , to be used ^ ekonal parpoBe * * ^ fe Projitt was carried cut by shares , and when the tt - j * L lhfe hoaseB ' «" 1 ° tber buildings were com-Q * a tfce whole was soli by auction , in loU , no one £ 7 * ^ fr ' tt J to bW bnt tbe shareholders ; so that all - * ' air cbaiue , ax d the overplus went into the funds , TnSl ? anie back ^ the rafescribers . fi ^ L aao&er to about the vn of the roe just ^ ioed on which the brother-in-law of Mr . King re-^ "p wnoe 2 & 00 acres eonld he bought at from two ^ vA ^ fiYe do llars p -r acre . Mi . King de-I ]„ *" . *** « tnation of other plots similar to the above . be « u ^ Seatleman had a temporal view in all * ° tow ^ * ( 3 nfcstion ° ' the land . One thing he tried , pr « ss on B 3 T mind , natnflv that it vat more nroland the Yank ees had
^^ tt purchase which cleare d Ui ^ ^^ ed Xiim fci Englishmen to purcfaaae uncuati-* i t » o * f ^ Te < i ™ Chica go River on Sunday morning , g ^ o clock . Thus , after all Mr . King * resolves and ¦ j ^ T 7 " break the Sabbath" on hi » journey , froa eo ?? *?* P = « a § e across the Laka We started ben j Dertia «¦* daybreak , and prepared to go on l « e ^ X * ° fomd n , y friend Mr ( jeorge Anderson . 1 lrwuaZ *! . * ' * ho most kind to me , and desired ( heed a » T Dy atsy at biM bouse . He aoon introb ** ^ \ , Pinkfe *<*» , from Glasgow , who also W Z * ; ^ 5 r - p - » " » ko had lately arrived from Seot-*** ^ ariaf ° delnd 6 d to aid robbed on the banks ot $ »« wh 5 pip He had very recently come to this b ocnHnTrT 1 = ^ « id of his countryman , he is about k *«* n » yl ^ " M m a cooper . At braakfait 1 was * - WbeLvT * " AndBnon and Mrs . Pinkerton . Mra . ^ J ^ yiBj ^^ u R ? ar " aad bAa **** dofa « * "d S * mtZ ^ L comf ° rts of life ; yetEhe was very de-* Z * J " teni back to Scotland . ***• BodJr \ " vrent ' with Mr , Anderson to visit a ?*** » err fan > i ] y > ^ "diB ? ™ tbe same street Wtd te iir ?™*^ kiD ( L J stayed to tea , and was ! V ^ . * " " 6 ep thpre tr > ; . i , t jij j : » - _ -r _ t uiu ummx mj ia / in
~^ reniji- -w ^ Z ' """ - < * * » . klri 1 . toT ¦ r 0 Te ili - - ^ ud myself round the ** *« 8 e cf ^^^^ distance ; the town beitg on ^^ aS ?^ ^ *^™ ' « New Turk , atd afui ^ » 5 w ? " ? tfcat city ' '^ ' Wlt ' - s ^ i . a larm ecr ^ e forty uii .-. £ ( 'istai . t
Untitled Article
from Chicago . He now earriea on an excellent buainew as % taUor and draper . He wrer Uved upon hii torn , but hired peraona to attend to it ; and finding it a heavy charge , he sold it to a Mr . Fawcett , an old feacbeler , who had been a commercial traveller in England , and had at last at down here in perfect content , and I may tay , iolitndt . Mr . H . had lost two hundred dollars by the improvements he had made ; and he is » ure that Mr . F . will be a loser by bis method « f managing the farm . About two months ago . Lord Morpeth arrived here , on a Sunday morning , and ttayed at the City Hotel , opposite Mr . HodgWa . He went t * the church , and took possession of Captain Basaell ' a pew . Mr * .
Russell soon after arrived , when his lordship opened the door and walked out until she walked in . He then followed ber and seated himself by her aide . Mia . Russell considered this an insult ; and made inquiries as to who the person wa » , who conld be omdeas to take such a liberty in her husband ' s absence . Inquiry was made , and the was informed it vu Lord Morpeth . '' Yes , " she said , "I thought he must be some lowbred fellow , or he would not have baen guilty of such a thing . " This lady was of the first standing in the city , but Bhe had no respect for ariatocraU . Mr . Van Buren had visited the city in the interim betwixt Lord Morpetb ' s visit and mine , and tbe cit * 2 ns turned out and gave him a public entry , when the same lady was one of tbe front in tbe mounted nrocession .
I may here observe that Lord Morpeth had aent a messengsr before him to announce his arrival , evidently expecting that a demonstration would be got up by some of the American Whigs . It was , however , " wo go . " Therefore after his church-going , be took his departure the same day on board the Great Western ste / uner , from the deck of which he showed himself as mnch as possible ; yet , not a cheer was given in honour of the aristocrat and ex-Secretary of Ireland . The only parties who went U pay their respects , were a pork carer and a draper ; bo : h Whigs , « f course . The wisdom of the Yankees was dearly shown in their
contempt of empty titles , "an Buren , who visited Chicago very shortly after the lord , met with a very different reception . Tbe Militia , the Montgomery guard , and all tbe Volunteer Corps , turned out in full uniform ; and in the port the flagj were hoisted at erery mastbead , and every other manifestation of joy was made . In short , the ex-President was received as a friend and a brother . Mr . Van Bnren had been raised to the highest c&ee by the voice of bis brother cit Zins , and he bad performed bis duty to their satisfaction . How gratifying must it then have been to receive their applause , with a knowledge that be had earned it
In the flist Chicago Democrat published after bis lordship ' s visit , it was sta *» d that ** Lord Marpeth has visited this city , and had the honour of sitting next to us at dinner . " This was the only public notice taken of him . Mr . King , of Bert . " adottb , Fulton County , IllinoJs , who had migrated from the New England States to Rochester , in the West of New York State , was here watching the turn of events , ready to dart upon any place which would be advantageous . Bkrnadotte is 200 miles from Chicago-, 90 miles to travel by coach and tbe remainder by steam-boat . His residence is 26 miles from the Illinois river , which be regularly visits , returning with corn which is generally sent to ST . Eocis , where they go for salt and other merchandise .
MojfDAT 29 tb—Mr . Ware , who was apprenticed to an engraver , in New York , but who is now making boots and shoea for the citizens of Chicago , and whose father i * a farmer at Ot * i * o , six miles south of Soutbport , in Illinois , gave me tbe following information : — Mr . Wells , to wboni be had been apprenticed , had been shuwn a plan of an intended city , 1 000 miles from any white settlement , and 1 500 miles south-west of this place , or dt scribed to be so by Mr . Kinnerley , who professed to be the proprietor , bnt who never owned a yard at the land , and who it is believed had never been in tbe country ; but , vho bad procured imaginary
desi g ns , acd beautifully coloured descriptions of what tbe city would arrive at in a few years ; with roads , bridges , navigable riven , railways , steamers , lakes , and minerals in abundance ; the prairies cf the richest kind ; timber of the finest quality . In fact it was described as a perfect paradise . , Upon these bare assertion , Mr . Wells paid down 6 , 000 dollars , and be was not the only one thus duped by a mode of swindling quite ntw to me ; and a mode too not so soon detected , as a lifetime might be spent before finding the district , a distance , it was said , of 3 , 600 miles from New Tork .
I was informed that a Mr . Franklin came to this place ton . e years ago , with considerable capital , and was asked 100 dollars for a town plot of land . This he considered to be too mueb , and after looking round , be paid he could do no good with his capital , and therefore be returned to England . Some time after be came out a ^ &in , and offered the amount be had been before asked for the plot , but was then asked 4000 dollars . This so alarmed him , that he ax&in returned home . And , as if to prove the oft-repeated assertion , that when a person bad or-ce visited America he cannot rest when from it , he returned to Chicago once more , and was asked 14 , COO dollars for the » aid plot of land .
Three years age it was disposed of for 40 , 000 dollars . Tr . na shewing what thiB gentleman might have saved in tr&ve ' . lmg expenses and realized in profit had be at first paid down the 100 dollars . It also shews the rapidly lEcreasirg value of town land in const queuce of tbe speculating mania . This land was put in possession of a banking company as security , and during the panic they seld it by aucti-ii for 17 , 000 dols . About this time Illinois paper fell from 100 to 35 cents per dollar . Colonel Hamilton , who held all the offices in this place wben in its infancy , bought a lot for 100 dollars , be was afterwards offered for the tame plot 18 . 000 dollars ; be stood cut and would take no less than 34 , 000 , and it is now worth no more than 4 500 dollars .
Messrs . Moseley and Macord bonght a lot for 37 , 000 dollars , to be paid for by instalments . Tbey have paid more than one half tbe amount- It is cow worth no more than 200 dollars . A gentleman , in tbe height of tbe mania , bought a large lot , on which be buiit a splendid mansion about a miie out of tbe city . Be paid at that time forty dollars per thousand for bricks . Now tbey can be bongbt at three-and-a-half dollars . Carpenter'B wages were then three dollars a day ; now they have not half that sum ; and be paid for everything in tbejsame proportion . This bouse has now passed from its owner , and in like a de sert ^ d villace .
Farm servants' wages were here one dollar per day , with board in harvest Now they have twenty dollars per moEth- Butcher ' s meat when at the highest is , for beef two and a half and three cents , wholesale ; retail three cents . The ofial is thrown to the doga . Mutton two and two and a half cents by the quarter ; in small cuts four ai ; d five cents . Veal , retail , four cents . Pork , during autumn and winter , ( in summer it la little used ) one and a half cents . Chickens six shillings York , or or three shillings and a hslfpe&ny English , per ioztv Oa » n average they are one dollar per dczen . Floor
three dollars per barrel of 196 pounds . Indian corn one and a half dollars per bushel , rough off the cobb . Oats twenty cents , and wheat sixty-five cents per bushel . Vegetables are now very plentiful , and consequently very cheap ; apples eighteen cents or ninepence per bushel ; peaches thirty-seven and a half cents . Fresh butter eigbt cents per ib . Cheese from seven to eight cents' per 1 b . Potatoes eighteen cents per bushel . Sugar ten cents per 1 b . Best Hyeon tea seventy-five cents per lb . Coff « e eight lbs . for one dollar . Fish six cents per lb-, and smoked ham six cents per lb .
My box not having arrived , I spent the afternoon with Mr . Hodgson and family . The day was very hot Yesterday , a gentleman on his way to chnrch , having on a black cap , which concentrated tbe sun ' s rays , was Son-struck , and was in a very dangerous state ; however , be recovered about tea-time . Mr . Hodgson drove me oat xo the extent of the intended city , which , like all America- , intended cities , is of no mean extent In our circuit we passed upwards of 200 waggons from Indiana ; some were drawn by cxen and others had boracs ; they were all unyoked and feeding by tbe sides of tbe waggons . Tbey were waiting until next morning , when tbey would go into the city to dispose of tbe produce , which principally consisted of wheat . They alao bring fruit , which sometimes is sold exceedingly cheap , tbe market being frtquently glutted .
I was at a loss o know what the people meant when tt'ikitg about ths " huaiers , " until I w . ib told that it was tbe uatne generally given to the Indiana farmers . They encamp during the night on tbe verge of the lake , ana furm no mean appearance , their encampment reeeniMing that of an invading army . The waggons had , in general , six or eight oxen attached to them ; some ol a smaller rze had two or tour horses . These proprietors , or farmers , are very different in their babite to our proud English farmers , who send their servants with tbe teams , while tbey ride on horseback and put up at the first inns , even when an aristocratic landlord is waiting for their last shilling . Tbe appearance of these Indiana farmers is quite novel , and might be mistaken for an army of gypsies preparing to lay siege to Fort Dearborn , which is situated between the lake and the city , on the south side of the river , and wac erected for the defence of the settlers against the incursions of tbe Indiana .
I found that the settlers of the States around here have e , veh a sort of bye-name , as the following : —Connecticut , " Yellow-bellied Yankees : " Ohio , " Corn Crakers ; " Michigan , " Bnckeys ; " Illinois , " Suckers ;" and Indiana , Hosiers . " Mr . Heron , of Pireost , west of here , on tbe Fox River , £ &id he wanted a man with a small family to take charge of his eatti *; and he desired I would look out for one . Tbe wages he proposed to give were sixteen or eighteen dollars per month , to live rent-free , but to provide for himself ; although he might grow as many vegetable * as his family required , have as much milk as they could use , kill a pig when be liked , have Indian corn at 24 cents and wheat at 60 cents per bushel , beef at 2 or 3 cents , and salted pork at 1 and 1 ^ cents per lb . His living , therefore , would sot amount to more than one-sixth of bve waxes .
Mr . Heron is by trade a carpenter , and formerly wcrjEtd fur a dollar a-day . He afterwards commenced jobbing work , and stated tbut te would now werk in no other way ; he also said be would labour foi no man for itsss rban three bushels of wheat , « r fifty lbs . weight » f pork per day . Be has laud , cattle , and buildings , in addition- to his own business , at which he worked for sll who w-ulJ etuploy him . He had come forty miles ¦ B-ith LL » whea * , winch he had sold , and wenid return tLe ioi ; ow ; iig )) ion . jfcg . From the Baiure of my inquiries , he supposed that 1 w& 5 liking oui fir a &ciUtinent lie therefore
Untitled Article
prtat&fl me very much to accompany him , offering to take me free of charge , and provide far me while I rema'ned . or course , be , like all others , wanted neighbours , that thereby the value of his property might be enhanced . These people are very hospitable ; and I should have accepted this kind man's invitation , had I not suffered too much fatigue , and tbe weather being so extremely hot He informed me of several good locations in his neighbourhood , but there was a deficiency of timber , and they wer <» compelled to grow it He said the vicinity of tbe Rock Kiver was better than that of tbe F « x , for the growth of wheat ; but the latter was better for the growth of Indian corn . He likewise described a stttlement , principally Scotch , who were at a great distance from timber ; bnt they were now planting . He gave them great praise for sobriety and industry .
This man informed me that ten miles on bis way home ( westward ) the rise above the level of Cbicago is only four feet , and that all the way there was a perfect level as far as his own home . More westward the land had slight elevations , but for hundreds of mileB there are ne prominent bills . Mr . Hogdson told me that he always kept his smoked hams undrr round stones , or what , In Yorkshire , are called " Boulders ; " he had also a kind of large double bux stuffed between the boards with hay , in which he preserved his potatoes from the frost .
I here learned that public principle was prostrated at the ibrine of Mammom , in regard to tbe New York and Erie railway , by many pledging themselves to vote for each candidates for Congress , as would guarantee to support tbe carrying out of that work , however mnch they might disagree in politics . The line of railway is intended to carry the trade directly west , and will oppose the Boston and Albany railways . Ko dtubt it would be advantageous to a large district of country and will greatly augment the value of property . Property is here idolized ! So much so , that I am told many openly advocate a property qualification for voters . Mr . Hodgson showed roe a house , which was smrfll , for which be had paid 350 dollars per annum rent , but the landlord asking 400 , he built one for himself . The house he rented cost only 500 dollars . It now leta for 106 dollars .
Mr . Heseey , an Englishman , bought a plot of building ground for 10 . 000 dollars for which he was afterw . ir . 1 s offered 50 , 000 . He said if it was worth that snm to others , it was of tqu ;» l wurth to himself ; he , therefore , refused to take less than 100 000 . The speculation mania ceased . The crash came ; tbe banks closed 1 and h \ o plot would only realize a mere trifle . Substquently this gentleman had to make a voyage to England to raise money to pay his taxes , his boasted property having so n . uch depreciated in value , as net to be worth one half the sum be paid for it Mr . B Morgan purchased a plot of building land , on which be erected a bouse at a cost of seven hundred dollars ; be paid fer the plot , by instalments , 150 » dollars , which was half the purchase money . Dr . Foster , of whom he had purchased the plot , agreed to accept the plot , the boose , and the 1500 dollars paid , and free him from the remaining 15 S 0 .
The plan of the city , extending along the shore of the lake and two miles to tbe westward , was sold in lota at aach enormous prices us to involve most of the purchasers in ruin . In my absence , a Mr . Mawley , or Crawley , called and enquired for me at Mr . AnderBon ' a . He bad travelled over Iowa , Wisconsin , and Illinois , and bad boogbt 1500 acres of land on Fox Biver , Illinois , and was much pleased with bis settlement He had got fifty acres improved , and had come to dispose of kis wheat . I was sorry I did not see him , as I might have obtained much valuable information . When in England he was secretary to a Chartist Association ; and hearing o ! me at Chicago , he bad called on me as a Chartist
I was introduced to Mr . Dorsad , one of tbe refugee Canadian patriots , who is settled here as a lawyer . He told me many things respecting Mr . W . L . Mackenzie , with regard to his general good character and valour . He admitted that he had an hasty temper , and was very jealous of lawyers . I bad considerable conversation witn this gentleman relative to Messrs . Hume and Roebuck ; and be seemed convinced of tbe dangerous and destructive ten d ency of their Malthusian principles , when I explained them to him . He , however , obserred that if 1 called upon Mackenzie , and expressed my opinion in tbe same manner to him , a quarrel Wuuld most assuredly ensue ; snd , in fact , I should not be safe in Lower Canada were I to
give utterance to niy sentiments . TU 2 SDAY , 30 th . —I met with Mr . George Armorer , a Scutcbman , living at Oiawa ; his brother , a baker , also resides at the same place . He informs me that tbe difference between that place and this is scarcely perceptible . They have plenty of coal at 5 ceutB . per bnsbel . He raises wheat , Indian coin , cats , and flax . Mr . Anderson told me that be saw tbe amount of 15 000 dollars " in paper" sold for 1 6 b . This is banking tcith a vengeance ! I set with Mr . Bower , from Nether thorn ; , near Huddersfield . H « had worked 21 years at a factory at Bridgpcrt , Connecticut , where be bad saved some money , and was now in qucB * of a suitable plot of land . Hit son bad gone on foot to Wisconsin , and he was going by steaui to meet him at Kaci . ve . I intended to accompany him , but could not arrange to do bo . His family wore residing at PoiKitl'SlE , nnd lodging with an old friend of SoutLcotian-notoriety , formerly of Mould Green , Hudderafield .
Mr . Hodgson drove me this evening over a wid « extent of prairie , principally for the purpose of showing nm the superficial manner in 'vthich they construct their railways , one of which , intended to be carried to Galena , is now ljiig dormant It bad been begun wi - b great spirit ; but " the panic" dried up the funds , and stayed its further progress-Wednesday , 3 lst—Tfee population of tbis city 'CHICAGO ) is abent 6 000 : they are a mixture of Yankees , Irish , Scotch and English . One of the streets runs close to , and parallel with the river . About 200 yards distant is tbe main street , running westward and parallel with tbe one before mentioned , which i s intersected by others at regular distances , some of which are business streets . There are a few stores , but
more warehouses . The main street is mostly composed of atorea , some professing to be wholesale . This street is about three quarters of a mile in length , and , as is generally the case in America , very spacious . One portion of tfee city , on the north bank of tbe river , to which there are two draw bridges , is but inaiffcrently paved , having stagnant water on the sides of tbe road . In const quence of its being on a level with the river and lake , i o cellars are dug . At the extremity of tbe buildings , to tbe west , tbe river divides ; the south branch only extending about six miles , and is therefore called an outlet or Indian skonk creek . The north branch which is not navigable , extends forty mike in a
northwest direction . It has no current , and when the wind is strong from tbe lake the water is blown backward and rais d to a considerable height . Tbe whole of the streets in the city , as also the prairie as far as the eye can reach , have frtquently been under water . Five years ago tbe lake was five feet higher than usual , which c-iused tbe inhabitants to be alarmed for the safety of their lives and their dwellings . The Indians affirm that such rising of the water occurs every seventh yeir ; the people therefore fear its return . Ao opinion extensively prevails that tbe lake formerly emptied iUelf into tbe Illinois river , which opinion is Btrenghened by tbe marked course on the rocks as seen at the tides and also by the surface of tbe land .
The building of tbia city was commenced about seven years ago . Ten years since tbe Indians were ranged all round the burnt down "Fort Dearborn , " which was rebuilt , but is , now dismantled . Tbe water for tbe snppiy of the city is raised by a steam engine , from the Like by pipes laid in an inclined plane to a considerable distance into tbe Lake . It is conveyed into large wooden cisterns , and without filtering , or any other process , is conducted from the elevation in wooden pipes to all parts of the city . Tbis is under the manacenu-nt of a chartered eompany . The lowest charge for
tne smallest family is to be ( when the works are completed ) ten dollars , and more according to the number of tbe family , ic . Their mode of baring the wooden pipes is most ingenious and expeditious . Tbe logs axe eight feet long , and by the same power with which tbe water is raised , the bore is made , each one in the short space of three minutes . These pipes are not tapered , like ours , and let into each other at tbe tods , but ate juiued by an iron socket which is fixed with white lead , or other composition less expensive . They are perfectly water-tight
Cultivation is little known here The citfzens send their cattle to the prairie , when and where they please , and they cut what tbey require where most suitable , no one asking them a question . Yet with these advantages , milk is sold in summer at four cents , and in winter at six cents , per quart Tbe milk-men ride in handsome spring carts , and bring the milk along with them . Business is here much better than in any place I have visited . Tbe people are all well employed at good w ^ ges . The immense influx of " hosiers , " ( Indiana farmers ) and the " suckers , " ( Illinois farmers ) with their wheat and fruit , te this city , causes a great bustle and considerable trade .
It is difficult to form an estimate of the number of farmers who come here annually . I saw upwards of 300 in one day ; some of them as humbly clad as many of the poorest labourers . They , however , live well on their own produce , and are the most independent people in the world , having plenty , and to spare , of the good things of this life . ( To bt continued . )
Untitled Article
HARMONY HALL . LETTER X . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAtt . Sir—I have engaged in this letter to point oat some of the substantive advantages that would be derived from tbe adoption of Mr . Owen ' s preliminary Charter , as the basis : of a strongly united movement , and to endeavour to shew the ease with which it may be obtained . This i » » o large and extensive a subject as to require a long series of letters to do anything like adequate justice to it ; but as I am anxious to proceed to lay before your readers as early aa possible , some of the succeeding practical steps , I shall content myself with a cursory survey at present , and will , with your permission , at Borne future period treat more in detail .
1 . —National production employment for all who desire it , every one must readily admit , will relieve an immense mass of misery which now exists ; and will do away with any necessity for further agitation for a repeal of the corn laws , or any other petty measures and stratagems , for providing food for the people , or for procuring customers for their manufactories , when we have the greatest abundance of land lying idle , or at the best very partially cultivated ; and have millions of people not only willing to be employed , but desirous of bein ? better clothed and lodged , and also desirous of taking advantage of every discovery either in science ,
mechanics , « r tbe fine arts . Again , with regard to obtaining national employment , who can deny , or who , on calm consideration , would desire to deny the right of employment to all who need it 1 We have now to support all who live , and if at flr « t they are awkward at occupation , they kave not previously been accustomed to , it will be easily seen that the mere habits of order , acquired by industry , will be immense advantages ; and if the labour be wisely divided , and made attractive instead of repulsive , who can estimate the wealth that would soon be produced by a good aystein ot national employment
2 . —National unexclusive superior practical education for all who require it , is a * measure of immense magnitude and importance , and waDted for every being in existence . Education , at least as hitherto conducted , has simply been the training of man for the devetopenient of some small portion of bis faculties to the neglect of all the others ; and the most learned , or the most skilled , are still very imperfect and irrational on most subjects . Tbe education to which Mr . 0 < ven refers can only be given under extensive and well combined arrangements with united interests , and will cultivate all the powers and faculties , physical , mental , moral , and practical of every individual . The exhibition of the tffescts of such an education , even in one moderate combination , will produce an entire change in the feelincs and convictions of all who witness them -, and will prepare the way in tbe most rapid manner ; for the whole of the ulterior proceedings ; and whose interest will it be to oppose thiB ?
3 . —A graduated property tax , commencing witb properties yielding an income of not less than two hundred pounds a-year . This , as the imposition of a burden , will let a time be resisted by some ; but calm consideration will soon shew them that their own interests , their position in society , and tbe welfare of themselves , their families , and the claaa to which they belong , will render it prudent and desirable that th « y should accede to this most jast proposal ; supported as it will be not only by the millions of the operative classes ; but also by those who are now pressed and worn down by the Income Tax , which is a per centage on all properties large or small , or , however derivable , whilst this being ; only on accumulated property , and on a graduated scale in proportion to its extent , would be felt only by those to whom the relief of disposing of aomo of their continually increasing surplus would be a great boon .
4—The abolition of all existing taxes aad monopolies , few would object to ; whilst thu advantages to be derived from it would be beyond all eonimun estimate , and cannot be powerfully resisted . 5—Free trade in all things with all the world , will also supersede the necessity of further agitation for the repeal of the Corn Laws , or any other such puerile measures aa now agitate the public mind , and will extend civilization and social intercourse to an unheardof extend , and will be eagerly embraced by all parties when they can see the easy mode of obtaining it . 6—Free egress and iuKtess to all natives and foreigners , except to foeB in open hostility . This is one of the jnat rights of humanity , that will make itself desired by all , and there will soon be no foes in open hostility to lo . se the advantages of it
7—Unrestricted liberty of speech , writing , and publication . Tbia again is a right of man , irreslstable by any opposition that can be offered to it ; when it shall be demanded in that calm , firm , aud determined nunner , which will shew that the pattiea have resolved on exercis i ng it properly . 8 an * 9—The abandonment of the three fundamental errors on which society has hitherto bten based , and the adoption of tbe three opposite fundamental truths . Tbis perhaps will be tbe most difficult to sisk to perform , bat the progress that is nww daily being made , is a mobt sure indication of ultimate and even speedy success ; for never did tbe important advantages to be derived from the adoption of true principles manifest themselves ao rapidly to the public mind .
10—Tbe abandonment of foreign and all artiflciilmade money , and the adop . ion of na'ional-tuado money t'i represent tbe exact value of exchangeable wealth . Tais is a measure of the most pressing necessity to allow of the free exercise of labour , and when clearly understood , aa It soon may be , will bu eagexly Bought for by every class and party . il—The abandonment of the practice of creating anythiug inferior , when it may be made superioi . The annual amount of ' loss incurred by creating inferior articles of every description , far exceeds what may be conceived possible by parties who have not sufficiently investigated the subject ; and there will be very little objection to a cbnnye in this respect being made , when a full explanation respecting tbe advantages to be derived from it shall have taken place .
12—The exchangeable value of all wealth to be decided by properly qualified officers , appointed by the nation , who will have no private interest to bias their judgment A step of this kind as preliminary to associations on principles of united interests may be must advantageously taken ; and , when clearly understood , will meet with scarcely any opposition . As I stated in the early part of this letter , I hope on Foffle future occasion to enter more into detail respecting this Charter ; but I trust that what I have already
eaid will shew your renders that it contains immense practical advantages , and that these advantages will receive very little opposition from any great number of tbe population when the subject shall become understood . Each point will however provide topics of immense importance- for the missionaries and the press ; and it will be in proportion as a united and vigorous agitation can be made , and the subject thereby become clearly understood by the public , that its popularity will be apparent , and an irresistible public opinion will be formed that will carry all opposition before it .
In considering tbe ruuuner in which tbis agitation should be carried forward , let us look at the best means of concentrating the power of tbe ptople , as I stated in a former letter , the reason why those who perform all the businea of society ate in their present wretched condition , calling and appealing for aid and asistance to those who can only live from the amount of this wealth that they have already obtained , can only arise from their ignorance of feow to combine and wisely direct the means they possets . If we take the comparison of
numbers the sufferers have an immense Jmajority ; they have individually more physical strength ; and they bring up among their ranks the moat skilled and talented persons who are gradually drawn off to jjin the ranks of their oppressors through a false system of society being adopted . With tbe intelligence now possessed witb respect to true first principles , a single niitid fuily competent to organise the strength and numbers of the people up ^ n these principles , may alnioBt immediately be enabled to brirg a power in action infinitely stronger tban aDy law before witnessed .
1 know that in arguing for an organfeition directed by a single mind , I am exciting prejudices of tbe most powerful character against the other observations I may make ; but thiB will be no hindrance to me . Tbe subject is beyond all personal , class , sect , or party considerations , and must be grappled withiu a manner proportionate to its magnitude . We can no longer bait between two opinions ; w ' e must either boldly advance , and meet every difficulty and overcome it , or we muat gradually ate our fellow-men eink deeper in poverty , vice , crime and misery , aud speedily become involved ourselves iu the aua « voittx , and ultimately overwhelmed .
The increased powers of machinery , not in this country alone , but in every other , will daily increase tbe misery wbicb exists , until some great « hangd ahall take place , and this change will either be one of coercion , or ¦ axteudtd liberty , iu proportion as the combined intelligence of man fcbail direct it . I have no fear of ultimate results ; for tbe light of truth is too widely d Bused to feat its being again overshadowed by error , but there will be some most convulsive throes in the collisions that will take place , and these will be more or less disastrous in their effects , in proportion as the subject on which I have treated , shall be understood or otherwise .
At present I am aware the great body of the operative classes hold the opinion that committees and elected agents are the best parties to advise what shall be d « ne for them bat witb tbis opinion I shall hare to combat , and all I ask of your readers is a aim and patient survey of what I shall urge . Opposed an I shall be at first by all tbe feelings which have been engendered by the oppression , that the operative classes have hitherto received , if my opinions are erroneous they will soon acquire their deserved insignificance and may easily be overcome ; but if on the other band , the plans I shall lay down are correct , and I receive your permission to explain them freely tv the public , the examination tbey will receive will enable them to be well tested , aud their truth or otherwise made manifest
The time has now arrived , as I have previously stated , when we must part with at ! / ur long cherished prejudices and feelings , provided these aie not iu accordance with the sciences of human nature and of society ; aud consequently , witb th > three great fundamental truths , or inriac v t ' . s ' * hich rnnsS km tbp basis on which to trganho suet a society aa the one I have referred to .
Untitled Article
To lessen as much as possible any misconception thit may exist in the minds of those who read these letters on the nature of the powers to be vested in the president and council of the society , I will in my next letter point oat the kind of authority or power I would propeae to vest them with . I am . Sir , Your obedient servant . William Galun . Harmony Hall , near Stockbridge , Hants , May 15 , 1843 .
Untitled Article
SYDNEY , NEW SOUTH WALES . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —We feel it a duty incumbent on ourselves as well as what we owe to our countrymen , to address you in consequence of tbe scarcity of employment in New Soutn Wales , for boot and shoe makers , and tbe insatiable demand some of the employers pretend to have for more men . One of the Immigration Committee has waited on one of our employers ( and only one ) to ascertain the average rate of wages earned weekly by our trade , ( this evidence was given before the Immigration committee en
Wednesday , June 8 th , 1842 , and republished in the Sydney Herald , September 28 tb , 1842 , )—who most unjustly overrated the wages which a man can possioly earn should he be employed , and work hard sixteen hoars every day in the week , which would not have been tbe result if other employers had been consultedthey would undoubtedly have acted in a more conscientious manner , and not have endeavoured , by a fa ^ se statement , to brine men who perhaps have wives and children , from their homes in Great Britain and Irvland , to be not half employed in New South Wales .
The above statement was doubtlessly thrown out as a bait te entrap our fellow tradesmen at home to Emigrate to this Colony , fer the express purpose of lowering the present rate of wages . There are now , Mr . Editor , too many boot and shoeninkera here , and we are sure that one-third of them are destitute of employment ; others have been obliged to leave Sydney and engage aa shepherds , 1 mllock drivers , or stock keepers . Surely , sir , such employment is repugnant , not only to tbe inclination , but to the ability of shoemakers , particularly as their wages are very low , and tbe rations tbey receive not sufficient for their support , so that their wages are reduced to nothing by their paying exorbitant prices to \ , h « ir employers , from whom they must purchase every article they want in addition to th (; rations allowed th « m . Surely , Mr Editor , this does not appear like a demand for more shoemakers , particularly at a time when the market is glutted with English work .
Boots to tbe amount of £ 48 000 were imported to this colony alone last year . Tbis any person must be very well aware , would materially affect the journeymen and the trade in general . These facts we will leave to the careful consideration of our suffering fellow countrymen , and hope they may have the desired tffeet of opening their eyes , that tbey may not be kidnapped to leave their native homes under ths delusive hopes held out to them by tbe mercenary agents of the United Kingdom . Every emigrant to this colony , that leaves his home and friends , to better his condition in life , under the impression that on his arrival in Sydney he will meet ample remuneration , will find himself disappointed ; for when he comes , he finds himself not balf employed , provisions d « ar , and rents at the unparalleled rate they are ; and if out of employment for only a short time , he can scarcely recover bis loss by the most unremitting diligence . See tbe reports of insolvency , tbey will argue more than we have language to express .
The Insertion of the above in your valuable journal , will greatly oblige , Sir , Yours very respectfully . The Operative Cordwainers of N 8 W Sontb Wales , Signed on behalf , George GARTON , President . Thos . Wood , Secretary . Crown and Anchor Tavern , George-st , Sydney , Jan . 1 st , 1843 .
Untitled Article
TO MR . JOHN LINTON . Sir , —As , in giving on account of your very interesting experiment upon your small plot of land , you have not gone sufficiently into detail , to enable me , not in practice , to follow you with great clearness , will you be kind enough to answer me the following questions , in qrder that I may more fully comprehend your admirab ' e system ? Yon say , " I have 4 , 021 square yards of land , divided into four parts , with crops as follows" : — No . 1 . —925 square yards , first crcpJFotatoes , second crop Sweedisb Turnips . No . 2 . — 923 square yards , first crop Cabbage , eecond crop Potatoes . No . 3 .-923 square yards , Brat crop Cabbage , second crop Swedish Turnips ' .
First then , at what time and in what ^ manner do you plant the potatoes on No . 1—snd at what time do you reap them so that they can be followed by a crop of Sweedish turnips ? Do you sow your turnips broad ( or open ) cast , or you drill them ; or do you raise them in beds apart inv . n the lot and then transplant them ? If you transplant at what time do you sow your seed bed , and what breadth of ground does ib occupy ? At what time do you sow the cabbage seed which is to form the first crop for No . 2 ? At what time do you transplant them into the places wbey < j they are to form the- first crop of No . 2 ; aud at what lime do ysu reap them , so tbat they can be followed by a crop of potatoes ?
Do yon sow and transplant the cabbage-seed for No . 3 at the same time aa that for No . 2 ? What breadth of ground do the plants , wben pricked out for Noa . 2 and 3 occupy ? What time do you reap them so that uiey can be followed by a crop of Swedish turnips ? Do you treat your turnip seed the same as for No . 1 ? At what time do you reap tbe crops on Nos . 2 and 3 , bo that you can throw tLe land up in ridges in November ? And how do you preserve the crop for uso 1 Is the twenty quarts of milk per day for forty-alx weeks the result of actual observation , or of estimate ? Does the forty-seven days' labour include all the mowing , digging , BOMsing , planting , transplanting hoeing , getting in the crops , preparing the ( iuily food of the cows , milking , and cleaning after the cows ; in short , does it include the . whole to be clone both at land and cattle ?
If you will have tbe gcodnesB to answer these questions in detail , and give any other little matter that strikes you as necessary to the carrying out the experiment , you will oblige yours , truly , a James Penny . Millbildge , May 15 , 1843 . P . S . Will you be kind enough to say In what manner you manure , and what kinds of cabbage and potatoes you plant ?
Untitled Article
THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY . TO THE CHARTlSr PUBLIC . Persecuted yet Persevering Brethren , — Having by our united energies pu > sed through the fiery ordeal of prejudice and distorted clas .- " -made Iawa , we appear to have arrived upon the eve of another crisiB , when the commencement of a new era is about to open unto us witb its new operations calculated to lead us by more easy means to the goal for which we havu struggled , even the Charter aud the people ' s laws . Our ckantpion O'Connor hath lifted tbe broad curtain of the new stage , yet old , tbe stage of nature , and displayed with a masterly hand the immense advantage within the reach of our united txw . tionB , en the broad fields of our native land , win re nature with her sun , tier wind , and ram , faileth not to reward the Lusbandman for his toil a hundred-fold .
Come , brothers , witb a siroug faith in nature , and the powers she bath invested us with , our skill and incJtwtry let us strive to pass tbe threshold of hei ' temple , and return like loving children to the inviting bosom of our mother earth ; she is teeming stiil , her paps are full to oveiflowing ; she sigheth for her children to fatten on her milk and honey . True we are poor , anil tfie lund of our fathers is held in a sterile state by a band of usurpers , invaders of the natural rights of their more useful brethren , recreant children of a but too forbearing parent . Yet may we , by a union of our order , the oppressed , and our wonted perseverance , pass the barriers tbey have erected , and once and for life become possessors of our native aoil , and glad our last houra with the rich bequest of our happy inheritanee to our children .
Up , then ! Let us prepare to purchase and provide for oar journey to this " land of promise . " I have proposed iu my previous letters , a National Benefit Society , as the most necessary for the attainment vf our object , and the supplying our wants by the way . In my letter of last w « ek , I set forth how I proposed to do this , as far as money matters and business operations are concerned , to which I again refer you . In continuation , I have , in providing for general adult instruction , proposed several kinds of meetings , —such as lectures , long and short addresses , conversation meetings , classes for reading , writing , &c ; and for the expedition of business and instruction , I have proposed sevetal committees , for superintending the studies in grammar , arithmetic , writing , &c , &c . Thus we may train up our members fit for any office that the Society may require to be filled . Under tbe head ot business operations , the opening of warehouses or
stores is p rovided for , for the purpose of supplying our members , and the public generally , with a good article , at a moderate price ; and increasing the funds ' of the Society . Therefore , every meaber . would be interested in purchasing at the store ; to which there could not possibly be any objection , as the rate of profits , and the election of effiuers , is placed in the hands of the body at large . In this department , we should be enabled to dispose of ths produce of our land and workshops , at tbe retail price , instead of tbe wholesale , which would add some 15 per cent , to tbe common stock , besides giving employment to members ou the funds , or box , as porters , sbrvers , &c . for ¦ wlncb another tul « provides . Thus much of the plan 1 recommmend , I have l « id Lefore you , with c view u e ' jt you tanking t <; . icon ; Leli' . virg tl ^ i- ;< -u vlh indeed thick with uiy , ttuit such a plan < t ,,-. tor-... ; ; and practicable .
Untitled Article
Brothers , —I have provided and must insist that all offices should be filled upon the strictest pnnc ? v' ? oC democracy ; by election , and ejection , by the votes of the member * . Now , although I admit the three principles set forth by Mr . Oalpin in bis letter eighth , and believe their reception by the mind of man as _ necessary to the cultivation and maintenance of charity with all men , yet I must inform Mr . G . that we have a fund " . mental principle as necessary * o the maintenance of order , in any community or nation , i . e . the democratic pri- ciple , government by the people , either personally or by
representation ; the first is what is termed a simple democracy , the latter a representative democracy , and I respectfully submit to our Social friend , tbat his proposition for the election of a president , and giving him the power to chose the council , would be a violation of our fundamental principle , under which the council should rather elect tbe preside t than tbe presidwit the council It would be more proper that the council and president , with all other offices , should be ekcted to their respective ofiices by the members in tbeir several localities . I am at a loss to discover whe' -ef jre the
Socialists should prefer beginning at the top <> f tb « tree and going downwards , whilst nature ever begins at the bottom and directs her course upwards . Upon the next question , i . e , who should r > e ths President , it is but natural that Mr . G . shoui-t , : > 3 a Socialist , think the founder of the Social system . Mr . Owen , tbe most fitted to fill tbe office ; and it is but reasonable tbat I should , as a C / nrtist . think some person in our ranks more fit Further , it is but natural , as an aspirant to tbe name I have signed at the bottom , of these letters , out of a desire to emulate tbe vmu-u of
thoss Kotnan Tribunes , tbat I should give the preference to our Quintus Cincicnatus , which name I should interpret , a lover of agriculture—a noble and modest man ; and infer , from a desire to emulate these virtuos . this Roman name was assumed by our indtf itigable O Connor , in recommendation of whom to tbe o&ce ot President of our new National Society I shall shortly ¦ write , setting forth his excellencies and capability » of directing bo great a movement . For the present I refer my brethren to his letters , which prove he is a practical man , —one great point in recommendation . G
The next point of d'sa ^ reement between Mr . . and lnyaalf is Mr . Owen ' s Charter . In letter eighth , "« Ir . Galpin sets forth that the President an * Council should publish n manifesto or preliminary chatter , and gtt np aa agitation , and petition the Legislature to pass it . Again , in letter nine , Mr . G recommends Mr . O » en ' a preliminary charter as the manifesto of the new S- > ci * ty , the road to which Charter I submit to you would be through the People ' s Charter , and tbat the agitation that w . > ulcl carry Mr . Owen ' s , would enrry the more importune measure of political rights , « hen the people would be enabled to pass and maintain any or all of the points of Mr . Owen ' s Charter that may be deemed necessary . Again , our new siciety would be able to carry tbe most important parts inta
effect , and would only require tbe People ' s Charter to enable them to preserve tbeir new position from the assaults of class legislation . Therefore , to urgu an agitation for Mr . Owen ' s Charter before the pf <» ple ' a Charter would be seeking to run the people after the " herring ' s trail . " Indeed , this Prelinjin iry Charter of the Rational System would serve better as an open question in the new society than as its manifesto . The minds of the working class are not sufficiently weaned from what in tbat Charter is designated fundamental errors , to be- won to tbe whole of its clauses , and it will take much discussion even in the new society , ere they will adopt it as a whole . However , time and its teaching will do wonders , and to it ws must leave the vftnetable Mr . Owen's principles . But Mr . Galpm kaa promised to show the advantages of Mr . Owen ' s Charter , after which I may a * rain write thereon . la the meamime , let it not be thought tbat I , a yoang man , would disparage Mr . Owen . No , justice and
modesty forbid it . I believe he hath conferred an everlasting benefit upon the world , in setting prominently forth opinions that to eur priest-locked minds appear new , —opinions which he believes are true , and believing , bath a right to teach , and by teaching faith set mankind thinking thereon ; and if tbey are tiue , not all th 8 fiendiahness of this worldly hell caa crush them ; and the greater the rancour against tfaev . i and him , the greater the honour when they shall be received . I need not remind Mr . Owen of the murder of Socrates , and the worship of Socrates . Io conclnsion , brethren , let us not be among tbe persecutors of any man , for we have known what it is to be persecuted ; and be ever mindful to think any one who teaebetb us any truth , or doeth us any jjood , however w « i may differ with him ; let us never f jrget to thank him for the good he doetb us , remembering that all mankind are brothers , and that it is a crime to injure oar fellow man .
Hoping , brothers , that I sball be enabled in the tourse of these letters to inspire you with a firm faith in yourselves as the only power of emancipation from the present and increasing misery , a strong hope in tbe means now set before you , a thorough determination to take advantage of aU available means to gain the objects we have in viow—universal happiness , I remain yours , in faith , GRACCHI'S .
Untitled Article
MR . LANE FOX AND MR . OCONNELL . LANE FOX , ESQ , M . P ., TO D . O ' CONNELL , ESQ ., M . P . Sir —In consequence of your declining to come and take part in the discussion which I proposed to bring forward in the House of Commons , relative to the agitation you are now carrying on , for the purpose , as you say , of effecting a repeal of the legislative union between England and Ireland , I take the liberty of writing to inform you , that , as you and your followers so completely set at nought the Catholic Emancipation Ac ' , by virtue of which you are entitled to sit in tbe British Parliament , and so lichtly esteem the privileges panted to you by that act , that I feel justified in making a motion that the act be repealed ; and
as I am goiag to question the wisdom of that measure , I shall bt » glad if you wiil favour me with a line to say if you will come and do your part in defending a measure wbick you were so instrumental in causing to be carried . I am determined that tbe people of England and Ireland shall no longer labour under the delusion that . the passing of that measure was , as tbey supposed , the settlement of a great question , but tbey shall know that it was exactly the reverse—that it was tbe unsettling of a great question , which had been in progress of settlement from the first century of tbe Christian era till tbe revolution of 168 S . You are now justifying your agitation by Baying that England has done nothing fer Ireland . If tne three estates of
the realm , forfeiting all claim to freedom by refusing to contend for that truth , by contending for which they weie alone entitled to the liberty they « njoyed—^ if you say that making such tremendous sacrifices to you and Ireland ' s clamour ia doing nothing for Ireland , you must be a cormorant with a vengeance ; it is truth that is ultimately to make men and nations free . Truth is in England , not in Rome . You are by your restleas proceedings bringing on 3 religious war between England and Rfltne , and you appear to be perfectly sensible how much money and funds are tbe sinews of war ; but you have hitherto had tbe ingenuity to accumulate a great deal of sinew without committing any actual war . Your peaceable agitation is a sort of hermaohrodite
war ; a half and half state of things , which is balf peace aud naif war ; but if you will come and hear what I have to say , I think that I can show you why you ought to do one thing er the other ; yen cannot bide from me th ; , t religion is the main sprint ; of all thit you are d *» inR . My chief object in wtiticg to you is to say , that I must make personal allusions t" you and tbe bead of your church ; and although you might way that 1 wap perfectly at liberty to say what I pleased about you in j ou ; < U > K « ncH , I bad rather not do so . But surely the regenerator of bold and chivalrous Ireland will not shiitifc from coming to defend his absent friend . Corue , thPefore . iin-1 be present in that House where your formir vul -ur entitles you to a seat . Aa it is my opinion , from the signs of tbe times in
which we live , tuat we are on the eve of a new e a in the hittory of Englanu and Ireland , I shall take the liberty of making this letter public , that the Protestants of both countries may be prepared to stand by the assured truth , that Protestant ascendancy and no surrend < r is tbe law of Christ , and that England 1 b tbe power which , Gjd has called into existence to maintain religious principle ; and she will now do her duty . "Tnenwill th « earth be full of the knowledge of the Lord as the water ? cover the sea , " and a Papist will be a rara avis in terris . I have the honour to be , S ' r , Your ob ' . dient servant , 8 . L . Fox . 3 , St . Jaruos ' s-aquare , May 10 .
Untitled Article
A Welsh Witness —The attorney for ao opposing creditor in a bankruptcy case , on Thursday , before Mr . Commissioner Stevenson , thinking that a youth " whom h « was about to examine had rehearsed his part with the bankrupt prior to fc" ^ ' ^ -. ^ the court , pm Uie qut ^ uoa usually pw >» 68 jt < *^> fljl $ tl 4 l \ .-uifmlvdir o . tiiut son aii * : — " Welj ^ lily mari 4 . hjT % ^ - y you uoi b . eii i-ho bankrupt snice th € . Jae MBe ^ n ^^ Xy X " Yos , I hav « , ' wa . b th .. ready auajvcK' '• - ^^^ xfVS ( and b .- _ - cautious ' ,. j \ v y ^ u zuewtmlii ? , ^ up . stioitJ ^ pfl \« v \ your oath whu . c : J ht : -ay toyo ij ^ l J fejajytsfojffiib ^ i ^ \ j 5 | Kcuiliwaaiy Jaau . " --Bristol Mirfarfc , )?? * ^ *^^ A " ' ^/ tt YJ . 8
Untitled Article
Dcbun , May 12— In consequence of the excitement arising out of the recent Repeal display , or raihtr affray , at Cloues . ithas been deemed expedient to station a troop of the 3 rd Dragoon . Guards , lately arrived from England , at Monafthan . The Fermanagh paper also announces tbat on Wednesday a troop of the 12 ih Lancers arriTed at Eaniskinen . aad are quartered at the Artillery barracks , where it is understood a troop will be permanently stationed . Government has placed them at Enniskilbn for the purpose of sustaining the police should any necessity arise ont of the Repeal movement . It is rumoured that artillery and a regiment will also be sent there , and when the importance of the piss between ; he west and north is considered , the wonder is that Ennjekilleu should ever have been left wuhemt a considerable iorce .
Untitled Article
The following is the reply of Mr . O'Connell to the above . —Thu Dublin Pilot ot Saturday publishes the following " card , " being thu only reply vouchsafed by Me . O Connell to tbe ittter addressed through the Times newapnper to the Hon . and Learned Gentleman by Mr . Lane Fox : — Mr . O Cornell has read in the Times a letter addressed to him by Mr . Line Fox , a copy of which that unhappy gentleman has taken the trouble of sending to Mr . O ' Conuell in inaiiUMript , after he had printed the
original in the newspapers . Of course it will not be expected that Mr . O Connell should say one word in reply to tbat strange » sd maniacal epistle , bat he feels that , as a gentleman and a Christian , he is bound earnestly to implore tbe friends of Mr . Lane Fox to obtain for him that protection which the Court in matters of iunacy is enabled to give the persons who , like Mr . Lane Fes , are manifestly incompetent to the management of affairs , either public or private , —Merrioosquare , May 12 . "
Untitled Article
^ _^^ ==================== THE NORTHERN STAR . 1
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), May 20, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct482/page/7/
-