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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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EMIGRATION . "SHEKE TO , £ ^ J > HOW TO PROCEED . jtoies or -i zoub xhbough a fohtioh op casada , iSD SETEBAX OF THE STATES t > P 2 S 0 MB XHEB 1 CA , PAHUCDULR 1 T THE STATES OF aiASSACHIJSBTIS , HHODE ISLAJTD , SEW TOKS , PE 55 STL-EA 5 IA , OHIO , M 1 CH 3 GAX , LtLCtOIS * . TTISCOSSrS , AlfB SEW JERSEY , tTJiDER 3 . AKKS WITH A TTEW OF ASCESTAJKIKG THB BESraABILUT , « B OTHERWISE . OF XK 16 BAT 1 OH ; ASD TO JUDGE OF THE BEST LOCATION , FOB ESGLTSH EHI 6 BA 5 TS , FBOS ACTDAX OBSEBTATIOS . 3 T LAWRENCE PHKEIHI . Y , of Huddersfield . =
( Can&B-u&l from our last iceeJc * s paper . J J 0 UKSAI *—CLEVELAND , PAIKPORT , BTJP- PALLO , XIAGARA BTFER , THE FAILS , ' * 3 £ D SURROUNDING DISTRICT . ] jbida t , 8 th . —At five , a-in ., -we entered the port-of ! CiETEiiSP , in Ohio . Cletklamd is to the left , and Oflio city to the right of the river as we enter . 3 ' jossed this place in the night when going West , a = d . swit only iy moonlight On our left is a long street : on thB sde of the river , about a quarter of a mile j from where we lay 5 and after ascending a pretty steep j lout , we enter a -street desciibed In my former notes j when on my "way Westward . Prom the top of this banfc j I lad a fine view of Ohio tats , which is principally jmlt rpon the opposite bant , of about the same elevajjoD . a small portion is upon the- slope or inclined plane , and a small portion ^ consisting of storehouses , on fi » fl ^ bottom 01 brink of then-yet It seems a place
-of leas husmesB and bustle than 0 * 1 thB CleTeland side , i A snmTi fonndry was in attire operation near the en- . ' jBtnce by theoldiirer . 1 Cietxla 53 ) is a place of great business , and there ! Js a deal of shipping in . the jivei , it being the entrance ' jo the Erie and OMo canaL j "We remained here iTehsnrs , and took in coal and } fiewood . j We had a fair "wind , and travelled 281 miles from j Detroit to this place in an unusually short space of , © me . ! Toe "Rochester" steamer from Buffalo eame into 1 fisfflff while we were there ; bat she only staid twol hoars . In passing down from Detroit we met the firsv steam vessel 1 had seen in operation with EatHler'a ! propeUer , a Mud of Archimeadian screw . j
We -reached Paibpom at half-past three , haying 'been two hours and three-quarters oat . of Cleyelasd , a distance of ttarty miles . Here we are 131 miles from 2 E 77 AI . O , at which place it is conflated we shall arrive at three or four to-morrow morning . Tuspoxt , on Grand River , ia a Tery small place , epniP' ^ Tig of afew ^ welling-hoiises , a large hotel , and a few storehouses . A short-distance from this place , aid bordering on "the forest , is the "Tillage of Richmond Iis appearance is clean and seat . A little beyond , 3 was informed , stood a considerable town named Pahtestuxe ; that name being given it in honour of file Jsmens Thomas Paise , author of the Rights of H&n , and who figured in the French and American revolutions .
ThErcoinitj all along the shores of this lake ( Erie ) are covered with wood , excepting the clearings which axe lather numerous . Satubbat , 10 lh—Buffaxo . —1 rose at break of day , snd prepared for laTrflmg , having jnst got ready to go ashore when the vessel was laid alongside the pter . My JdndiriendjMr . Spencer , was instantly onboard to look forme . Tbe captain was anxioos to get in before breakfast , as it * wonld save about thirty dollars , which nun ths meal would cost , —the fare , including provisions . When we reached Mr . Spencer ' s home , he informed me of f h" turnouts and riots in England , fhtt circumsi&nces attending "which 3 felt the most intense anxiety to learn . My first information was of a very -unsatisfactory nature , and excited my fears . I was also informed that "Victoria and Albeit'were about to visit SeoUani .
After dinner , Sirs . Spencer asd I walked out to make some visit ? - In our round , we went over the pianoforte manufactory of Messrs . TJtUey and Bnrdett , where I saw some beautiful wood and workmanship . I bought some rich maple -veneers , as samples to bring with me , also some black walnut , which , when polished , looks extremely nsh . While here , a Mr- Sotaling , a ^ Frenchman , eame in with a child between four and five years of age , who played some of the best airs in a £ rst rate style . He is a perfect prodigy , having neve ? lad a lesson ; and , though an infant , would never submit to receive one , and when any cne attempts to offer a suggestion , he instantly leaves his instrninent . He performs irpon other TnnfrrnTnPT ** , as well as the piano .
In my round through the city I was told that the Rn « jre » h turnouts fr * fl burst the honse of Sir Robert Peel to the ground—that Batons had , at last , plucked up a spirit—that they had met , engaged and defeated the military— -that they had ransacked and burnt the property of many Individuals , and that no doubt the * ' Berolntion ™ -was * n \ cted . I learned that on the Erie and OMo canal , there isa community in which is-induded a considerable town earned Zoar ; it is under the control of a chief , whose samel did sot learn . Their possessions axe Teryextensrre ; their gardens are also large and kept in the best possible order , abounding with fruits of the richest description . It 3 s a place of great attiactien and resort . 2 ft > charge is made for admission to view the place ; but ihould any one plnck a single apple , a charge of a York ahiOingield ) is made ,
MoifBAV , 12 S 1—I lose early this morning and pre * pared to depart Mrs . Spencer , pnrpoaely to atop me , did not leave her room fill late , and sent a message to aay I was not on any aecetmt , to leave till theafternoen ; 1 was thnB thrown too late for ike steamer ^ and she . { Mrs . S . ) ionght a quantity of Tomatos and preserved Bwtn fat me to take home . She said they were the best thing in the world for refreshing , for richness of Savour , and for preserving health . I visited the " Great Western , ** the finest steam ship on the Lakes . She really is , In all respects , an admixanlevesssL
We fislted the fonndry of Messrs . WHKamsBn i Co ., which Jb a very : neat and well contrived establishment for forging , casting , cleaning , and finishing steam engines and other machinery . ^ There was a vast quantity of exquisitely finished models for castings . " Mr Wilkinson , the senior partner , a native of Glasgow , told ta thstths hest monlding sand eonid be procured In abundance only two mileairom the place . He also showed me excellent coal , suitable for blacksmiths , which was got at no ereat distance and at a low price .
While I am writing , the flashes of lightning are following each other in rapid succession , and the peals of thunder are terrrfir , while the rain descends in torrents , Eke that described at the deluge , when the windows of heaven were opened . It could not poor down faster if the doors were' also thrown open , or taken off tlie tinges altogether , lightning « of Tery common , atooitnighflyoccnrranca . I frequently watch it in 1 he evenings , and admire its bolts , Its brilliancy , and its i gntwiitiG motion . 2 f othing comparable to it in grandenr is ever visible In Uritain .
We next Tisited the Arcole Iron Fonndry Warehouse Hr . Wilkinson , one of the partners , -was very polite , aDd-showedme « nd described Ms Tarions descriptions of goods , and presented me with a drawing of some stoves fer cooking , which areirgeneral nse wherever 3 have travelled In the States . Ihey have in them a Teiy Ingenionscontrivance for baking bread , which is Tery necessary , as they have it hot « Tery morning for breakfast- They can broil their meat , boil their potatoes , a > -d water for Iheir coffee , and otherpnrpoaes , all at the same time , Mi Wilkinson told me that he was ttmfident thB making np of those stoves in Britain , ¦ where tbej eonld be made cheaper than in America , "would be a profitable speculation . fox
This ^ EHtleman expressed a strong desire toe Rpealof our Corn laws , assigning as his reason the ¦ wish of the Americans to exchange thej > rodnce of their * oB for onrananufactnres ; because they considered that the shutting up of their people in factorias did not «« mport with their free institutions ; and further , that it corrupted the morals , and rednced the physical ** reBglh of the operatives thus employed ; prodncing crookedness of limbs , and engendering an inferior race . What they desire is , to keep the many employed-out ef doors , cnlBvafing Jhe fields , -where , with pare air &a good * tpk * bp combined , their frames would be iept vigorous and strong , and the mind clear and acfive . He adduced several olher reasons in support of bis ymh for fheiepeal ^ f the Corn laws , the
selfishness of 331 of which was self-evident . I replied , that 1 eonld not but appreciate the modesty and candour of the Yankees in fhe expression " . of principles so pnTely « lflEh ; md added , that It "was « le « that their motives were to have the fertile and hle Hy- * nltiYBted fields of feeat Britain laid waste in order thai -we might gratify foreigners , tnrinour fine conntry , anS lock » p onr pjeeHaneBt 3 y fine population to those texresfial hells which they , the Yankees , abhor and detest 1 said , pray . * ° w , lookifajrly at the qBestion , and say if it is not iroper Ha * each of the countries sbonia tikeaihare in maBufactureiB , as well as in the cultivation of the » a ; and-ihen we should stand upon that principle of tqnality for which they w strongly contend among J&enuelYes .
I was ^ reatly snrprisea to be infonnet . Hffl , > io lEftSGmeKetsblre ten years ago , that pig iron is sported fromthisplacetoBritainto bemadeintoittslla ^ rfron , or steel , and Qiat after paying freight , dn ^ , *» a other expenees , it © osto less than it conia be maJe for athnme . He also informed me that he belonged to sfew houses at fn ^ ne ; and that it required the whole « f the rents to meet the charges for assessments , poor-Stfes , Tepairs , Ac . Ifird Mrapettcameto tfcl » eHy ten days ago , hi the ^^^ ols steamer , and took up his lodjmp at the WesV aHoieL Konogce was taken of him . Heprocesded forward to theFaHs of Ifiagara , which Troxild no doubt ^^ Smd Mm of his great Yorkshire fall at the last
elec-Xames of the principal steamers trading betwesn Buffalo HaTboar , end the Tazaons ports on tbe hiies and Jirert :
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G «» t Western Sandnskv De Witt Clinton , Fiurportf Commodore Perry , Cleveland G ^ eralHaTrisoa Kent { British ) G « Beral Scott New York tT ^/ I tteam Cb * tle 9 Townsend United States James Allen SS ^ . " ^ Md np Robert Fultea little Erie / ** " * u ? - Columbus Constitution Missonri Constellation Chesapeake North America Illinois General Wayne Rochester | f ^ fa Ja mes Maddison f nffal 0 Bunker ' s Hill America levinrton Waterloo
Many of the above ships are of immerse rfz ? , having , powerful engines , and proceed at great speed , and they possess excellent and extensive accommodation . The uniform fares by such of the above steamers that ply to ChigaCO , a distance of 1047 miles , is fifteen dollars cabin , with provisions ; and eight dollars Bteexage without provisions . j The principal hotels are the United States , American , Western , Mansien-honse , Huffs , and the Farmers . An immense building , intended for an hotel , and to surpass all the others in splendour and extent , was just commenced ; when crash came down the banks , and with them the proprietor . It has since rested as a memento of the folly and extravagance of speculation mania .
Tdesdat , 13 th . —I left Bufialo this morning at nine . Mr . Saiith , a painter from Aberdeen , pointed to a steamer npon which he had , in painting , once expended above a ton of white lead . This surprised me . "I went by the Waterloo steamer for the Falls . On getting into the river we had a tolerable view of Fort Erie , ( Canada , ) in ruins . We passed Waterloe . jBlack Rock , Dim Mills , and the foundry on the Great Breakwater , Beaver Island , and Grand Island , which we passed on the West or Canada si 4 e of the Island . ! ThtB island and the land on both sides of the river isgenerally flat , and nearly covered with wood , bnt having seme few improvements . We next arrived at Navt ISLASD . from the head ef which , our view being dear , the spray of the Falls was visible , resembling the smoke of a large number of fnmaces ; or , perhaps , more like the smoke from a collection of limekilns .
After passing Navv Island we put in at Schlossee , where the far-famed steamer Caroline was cut away and sent over the Falls . Here we landed a few passengers for the railway , which passes near the river on this side . We next crossed , inclining upwards , near the island , in order to avoid the current , which is strong at thiB place , and increases as it approaches the Falls . Wets a vessel to cross direct from SCHZOSSEB tftCHiPPA'WA , instead of keeping np in and crossing the middle of the river where the current is less rapid , the probability is , that it would be dashed ^ as was the Caroline , into the immeasureable pool beneath . It is quite evident that were a vessel of any description to approach too near the rapids , nothing on earth could save her . t Above SmossEB ( which contains only two small storehouses ) theTiew is very beautiful , having in sight « he Grand and Navy Islands , and the main land on both sides of the river . \
1 witnessed some wooden houses which had been knocked down by the British bombs from the Canada shore . My attention was directed to the havoc done by the bombs in crossing from Schlosseb to Chippewa , when passing very near the Island . The entrance to Chippewa is by a small river , which has been made navigable by considerable cutting at the ' entrance , where it is dangerous in consequence of its being in snch close proximity to the strong current j immediately above the rapidt . ' On landing , we found the railway carriages waiting to carry us to the Falls , which , although apparently we were close npon , was found to be six or seven miles distant . The passenger train was completely crowded outside before I reached it , and being desirous to see as much of the country as possible , I mounted upon the
Inggage truck ; and the horse track being a puddle , I got well besmeared with mud , thrown up by the horses feet . The rails were laid through anon-interesting line . We soon , however , approached , the grand object : but lo ! when precisely opposite the Falls , and on the summit of a frightful precipice , the axle-tree snapped in two ! but the carriage turning from the precipice towards the wall on the left , I was ( most providentially ) preserved from being cast into the depth below . 1 was Bpeedily on the ground not having sustained any injury ; and afteT giving directions that my luggage should be given in charge of my friend Mr . Smith , who "was following me on another train , to be taken to the Clifton Hotel , where we had agreed to dine , I hastened to descend the steep and wooded bank , in erder to view the Fills , and thus lose no time , being determined to reach BocaESTEBu this day .
Yost numbers of learned travellers , historians , naturalists , and poets have visited this spot , and attempted a description of this the only outlet of the countless rivers and streams collected from tractiess regions of territory of immense extent , under the republican government of the United States and the monarchical government of Great Britain , and forming themselves into numerous bodies of water , —the four great inland seas , knows by the several names of Michigan , Superior , Heron , and Erie Lakes amongst the number;—and after the talent of the -world baa bees so repeatedly ( applied to the subject , and the gigantic wonder described in prose and verse , in copy and stanzu , unequalled for
sublimity and unparalleled for minuteness ; after this embodyment of waters from the vast expanse , in its dash , and in its motion in the boiling abyss below , has been coloured and painted in every size and quality , and brought home to the mind , to the eye , and to ] the fireside of every one , in colours the most brilliant and in language the most transcendent , by master minds of past and present ages , who have spent weeks and months npon the spot expressly for the purpose of entering into the most punctillious ramutia : after all this any attempt of mine at delineation would be perfectly futile ! f will therefore extract from an AmPTJcan work of considerable utility a plain , nnstiltiSed account , which I trust will be found interesting to my friends : — I
" The Niagara river , which , issuing from the N E ¦ extremity of l ^ ke Erie , at Black Rock , runs N . E . thirty-five miles to Late Ontario . It is navigable for twenty miles to the Falls and from Iewjston to lake Ontario , a distance of seven miles . , " As it Sows fram the lake , the river is about three quarters of a -rniia wide , and from twenty to forty feet deep . It maintains the former depth to the Falls . Five miles from the lake it is divided into two channels by Grand Island . The eastern channel has a width exeseding 100 rods ; the western larger , and
generally deeper , forms the bonndary between the United States and Canada . Grand Island is twelve miles long , and contains 17 , 384 acres . Neither the snows of winter nor the heats of summer , nor rains , nor ' drought materially affect the volume of this majesties river . Its shores on either aide are thinly settled between Buffalo and the Fall * . On the American shore , are two villages oaly , Black Rock and Tonaw ahta . Thick forests still cover the bank , with Borne farm bonset , few a d far between . On the Canada shore , are Waxekloo , opposite to Black Rock , and the hamlet of Chippewa , opposite Fort Schlosseb . " ;
These scenes are made famous by the exploits of the Canadian patriets and the Republican sympathizers against the British forces . The last named I place is that from whence the British cut away the ! ill-fated steamer Caroline , and sent her into the current , when ahe was speedily over the Falls } No doubt , the Caroline carried ammunition and arms to the patriots on Natt Islasd . Her captain bow commands the Franklin , plying between Bdffalo and D . ETK 0 IT .
THE FALLS . " Below Navy Island , the union of the two branches gives a breadth to the Niagara River of two-and-a-half miles . The waters have here an accelerated motion , and three quarters of a mile above the Falls commence their rapid descent , falling within that distance by successive chutes , or leaps , fifty-two feet on the American , and fifty-seven feet on the Canadian side ; These cataracts form a most imposing feature of the scene They may be advantageously viewed from several points , as from the Table Bock on the Canada shore , and from the main bank . The first view is presented from the sonth west comer ol Great Island , above the Moss Islands .
*• Goat , or Iris , Island , 1 b half a mile long by a quarter wide , and is heavily weoded . There are several other Islands arooug the Rapids ; Jsome of which are connected with Great Island by bridges . Bath Island , twenty-foor rods long , is united to the American shore by an ingeniously constructed bridge , and contains the tollhoHse and an extensive mill , lima Island , directly npon the precipice near Gpat Island , again divides the stream , and the - " Centre Fall" from the " American FalL" From the north west point of thiB Island the best view of the American Fall is obtained .
•• There are three distinct cascades : two on the American side of Iris Iriand , and one npon the British side . On the American side , the lower Fall is about 220 yards broad , and 16 * feet high . It was formerlyistraight , bnt is chsnginK to a curve . The Centre Fall vt near eight yards wide , with a height aimibr to the lower one . The Upper , or < JreatFall , from its form , called the Crescent , or Horseshoe , is at the head of the ravine crossing the direct line of the atream ; it * breadth is estimated at 600 yards , and Mven-eightbs of the water of the river is supposed to pass oter it ; its height in 158 feet , \ " The depth ef the water , in the American channel , being mncb less than in theCanadian one , the rocks are near the surface and break op the flood into foam ; but In the Canadian channel the deep green of the billows is bnt relieved by their snowy crests . :
•• The best view of the Crescent Fall is from Jthe Table Rock and bank above it A most interesting and imposing view , however , may be had from Goat Island . The Terrapin bridge , 300 ft from the island ^ projects 10 ft . over the falls , and affords a sight requiring some tension of the nerves , fnUy and leisnrely to enjoy . Here we behold the vast flood and the deep abyss into which it is ponred ; but the thick spray and mist perpetually spread ever them prevents the eye from pesetratiag the depth ; and fancy , until corrected by a glance at the hurrying tide below , apprehends it to be immeasurable But tttis mist , in sunny weather is the source of new
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surprise and pleasure . The Iris chan ; ing forms , as the « xm and spray shift , dances fairy-like upon it . Hqre , also , may frequently be aeea the phenomenon of the lunar bow . . " Near the end of . Terrapin bridge , in the water and on the verge of the prbcipice , Btands a stone tower forty-five feet high , having winding Bteps in the interior , bnilt in 3833 . jFrom its summit , an admirable view of the whole scene is obtained . " The flood does not descend from the ledge , perpendicularly , but forms an' arch 20 f ( . thick , whose aemicord , at the base , may be from 40 to 50 ft . The quantity of water discharged here ; has been variously estimated ; at 670 , 250 tons the mtnnte ; at 85 millions ofctons tho hour ; and atl 02 . 093 . 7 S 0 tons the hour . The depth of the abyss into which this incredible mass is perpetually pouring exceeds 250 feet ; at least , such is the depth of the river below the Palls . But what line his sonnded
the depth immediate beneath the incessant avalanche ? "The banks from the ravine below the Falls rise perpendicularly , above the river , ISOft ; requiring extraordinary means for descending to the water ' s edge . These have been supplied in- the form of staircases at three points . The passage * of the river below the Fall , is appalling from the rapidity of the current , the numerous eddies and the turbulence of the water ; yet it is entirely safe ; and row boats are , constantly , crossing the stream . : " The scenery around the Falls , beautiful as it is in summer , is most splendid in winter . The trees and shrubs are then covered with transparent sleet , and glitter as If clothed with diamonds : and the spray is decorated iu the dazzling colours of the rainbows which arch the river from many points .
" Sometimes , the ice is driven by the winds from lake Erie , and poured over the Falls in such masses as to fill the ravine , for a mile or more , to the depth of from 36 to 50 ft ee that it may be crossed , on foot , for weeks together . " Doubts have been expressed as to the causes which have worked the position of this mighty cataract . But no where has nature ; written her mode of operation more legibly ; and we see in the continued wearing away ofthe rocky strata over which the current is precipitated the means by which the fall has receded , fall seven miles , from the mountain ridge , at Lewiston . Yet this elaboration is very slow ! since , from the published accounts of the Falls which reach back nearly two hundred yean , the recession has been inconsiderable during that period . "
As a sort of retaliation for the cutting away of the Caroline by the British , a Canadian vessel had been procured sometime ago by the Americans , Who advertised that it would go over the Falls at an appointed tima An immense concourse of peraonB assembled from the British as well as from the States side of the river to witness so great a " novelty . At the specified hour the ship was set adrift and speedily got into the current ; but bounding by one grand leap over a rib'ge with which the rapids , or inclined plane , commences , dived so deeply into a sand bank ( the masts going overboard ) as to stick fast ; and there she now remains amid the mighty rash , of waters , beyond any conceivable means of human react . The disappointment experienced by the spectators , at her not going over the Falls , was excessive .
From the tower already described , on Goat Island , travellers by paying a small sum of money may view the river above asd the boiling abyss below . In front of the rock 1 b a covered winding stair by which , for the payment of a similar Bum ,, persons may descend to the bottom of the rock ; and a third sum will enable the carious to cover themselves with skins , for the purpose of being kept tolerably dry while they proceed underneath the Falls , or between the perpendicular surface of the rock and the falling water ; where , I am told , some beautiful and peculiar colours are displayed , especially while the morning ran shines forth . Here the bridge from the States side to Goat Island , which is perfectly fiat and resting npon props , and supported by Bath Island , about midway , has been carried over : how such props could be fixed in the current of such an immense body of water , at such a [ velocity , I can not conjecture , ner had I an opportunity to ascertain it
On the States side ,-and npon the brink of the river , stands a very small but pretty village named Manchester , in which there is some thriving manufacture * On the summit of the opposite bank and just above the Falls stands the village of Deujijionpsville , which consists of a few dwelling houses and more hotels than can be supported as soch ; one of which , a very large one , was being fitted up for barracks , in which to lodge a portion of poor Johnny Bull ' s " dead weight . " I had scarcely reached the Table Rock , when 1 was waited upon by a person of respectable appearance and demeanonr , who asked me if 1 wished to go under the the
Falls , ^ meaning between waterfall and the rock ) , adding , that if I did , be was ready to supply me with the necessary skins to keep me dry . 1 begged to be excused as I was vtr / lame , and consequently- unable to undergo the fatigue . He told me his charge for the skins and attendance was a quarter of a dollar ; and that he paid 1000 dollars rent for bis house and the privilege of showing the wonders to strangers . Near to this person ' s small but neat bouse was one of the winding stairs by which to descend . This , as all the others , is enclosed with wood , through which are holes to admit the light .
While in conversation npon the rock , my companion pointed out to me several bumming birds sporting in the shrubs at a few yards' distance from na 1 bad never seen any of the species aVive before . They were an interesting object All forms which descend this chasm lose their identity in the xoitex . Not only did the Caroline steamer lose her form , but not a log , a beam , nor a spar could be afterwards found . No conception can be formed of the process to which every atom is subjected that falls into this incessantly agitated cauldron . No one can
imagine the depth to which they sink , nor the quantity of rocks which are constantly in motion , commixing with , and grinding to atoms every vestige of solid matter that enters this aquatic vortex . It is clear that the river is a continuation of whirlpools constantly rolling and boiling for the distance of at least twelve miles bclow | BNB Falls . DruhhonbSYille is situated upon the battle-field of that name . The place extends back from the river , and is pretty well cleared ef wood to a considerable distance ; it being the site of the intended city of the Falls .
After admiring those magnificent scenes , I proceeded towards the Clifton ; Hettl , by the River ' s edge , on the snmmit of the . perpendicular rocks , passing the Museum , the Camera Obscura , and ths Baths on my way . On reaching the hotel , I found that neither my friend nor lugrage had arrived there . I immediately proceeded by lundy ' s lane to the Railway Station at which the passengers alight to be taken to the Clifton House , a distance of nearly two miles . On reaching the station , I was informed that in consequence of the delay occasioned by the accident on the Railway , the carriage from the Clifton House had proceeded with the passengers to Qaeenstpn ; but I could not learn whether my baggage bad been taken f 01 ward or not . Having left a small bag at the Clifton House , I had to
return thither again . On reaching the hotel , I found that neither a horse nor a vehicle of any description could be hired ; they all having been engaged by visitors between my leaving and returning . I had , therefore , to proceed on foot by the same route I had come ; that is , by the river side and the Falls to the place where the carriage had broken down on the railway . A portion of the wreck of the carriage had beeu removed , and the remainder thrown aside ; but no one was near to give me the least information , or render me any assistance . I-went round amontr the few dwellings and hotels in the neighbourhood , anxious to learn what had become of the luggage ; not knowing whether it had been taken ] back to Chippswa , or forwarded to Queenston , I could however obtain n © information
whatever . While in this dilemma I met two men in a cottage , from Thornbill , in the immediate neighbourhood of Huddersficld .. One of them , whose name was Bedford , was quite beyond the hope of recovery , in consequence of having slept in a damp bed . His friend and companion , who said he would not leave him while alive , knew me from having se « n me , along with " my lord ; Morpeth , '' in the capacity of a candidate on the [ hustings at Wakefleld at the last election . The landlord of the house was ill of fever and ague , a disorder which the doctors said was never known in that place , in a single instance before . While engaged in conversation , a train came up from Qbeesstos , the conductor of which informed me , that in
consequence of no carriage being waiting at the station from Clifton house , the wfiole had been taken on to Queekston ; and ; that no train would go to that place till next morning . This was moBt galling , as I had intended to be in Rochzsteb by that time . Very soon after I had the good fortune to meet with a spring van which been from [ Qdeenstok to Chippewa , along with others , with skins . They drove at at fine speed to the first public-honse in the village , and there staid to refresh themselves , leaving their fine horses neglected . While there , they commenced a sort of gambling , from which 1 had considerable difficulty to break them off- I was afraid they would get intoxicated , and that wesheuld have another accident
While here I learned there were about 400 British troops in the neighbourhood j and I observed some of their wives enter the house and take their threehalfpenny glass , and others carrying away " fire-water " in their bottles , bought with the proceeds of British industry . I * aid ? to myself— " Poor tax-ridden John Bnll ! Great Guilt thou-pays'for aU-J " When we moved ; off we did w with a vengeance ; two of the waggoners contended for the lead , and a regular race was the ^ consequence . I had cause to be alarmed lest my lameness should be cured by my neck being broken . The horses were very flneones , of light make , and they dragged the light carriages along with much greater velocity than I had ever witnessed . We were thus conveyed at nearly railway speed to the handsome Tillage of Stamford , where stands a neat church , upon the front of which is inscribed—11 Bollt by General Sir William Johnson . "
The houses here , ' as at Drummondsville , are neat and clean . The fields well enclosed , and pretty well cultivated , and are free from the unseemly stamps which almost everywhere meet the eye . Here testae * a Dr . Newburo , a most obnoxious magistrate , who having had his barn burnt down charged it upon a respectable landlord of the place . Tiie landiord brought an actiou against him , and obtained considerable damages . Ttie house kept by the said lawiloxa is called the Wbixlpoul ,
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—¦ 1 _ — ... . from an extraordinary pool of that name in the river Niagara dose by . I regret that I had not an opportunity to visit the place . The soil here is by no means rich , and the surface is n » t . I was } surprised to observe that at and from JJrummondjsviHe the orchards were numerous and the crop of fruit moat abundant We 1 soon ^ reached the extent of Queenston Heights , and the sceneiof the battle of that name , where stands the monument of General Brock , on : of neat the spot where he fell I Some Yankees are charged wJtbfeaving takentte liberty to cross the riverand after placing a
, quantity otganpowder and lighting ft train , retired to the opposite bank to witness its destruction ; and while the Canadian Loyalista curse the "¦ fiends , " they have constantly before their eyes the shattered remains of the monamental tower . Near the monument we bad * turn of the road , and at ones a moat delightful and extensive view struck the eye . The whole extent of toe river Niagara to the lake , with Youngster and Fort Niagara on the right ; and Fort St George on the left bank at its mouth ; with lake Ontario and an immense forest as far as the eye could reach , presented themselves onfa sudden and struck one with
indiscrib-1 * T ° ' J ' ad iina 8 ined that heite the country was cleared and cultivated ; and although the appearance bespoke a soli * forest , yet I soon learned that many farms with extensive clearances were spread throtixb * out this apparently endless tract of trees . At the bottom of this , the steepest bank I had witnessed , except the precipice at the Fallai lay the town of Queenston . i It is situate on a plain to the left , and on the right stands the town of Le'Vviston . The scene that lay before me was perfectly unique , and produced the most pleasing sensations . Had not the afternoon been hBzy , the scene would have been more extensive and interesting . My driver took , me over a precipice such as 1 bad never Been a vehicle of the kind taken over . This he did to get a-nearer way to the terminus of the railway , which
was about midway down the bank . A very small building was all that was to ba seen , in which were only two females , who bad no knowledge of my luggage , or of any other . We therefore proceeded to the town , onlentering which we made a second er . quiry for my trunk !; that being the sole object for which I had come . The agent waa not at home , and during that evening it could not be ascertained whether it had come into foe , town or not I took up my abode at tbe house of the j father of my driver ; who kept a neat tavern . Hia name was Wadaworth . He was a very plain man in appearance , and in conversation he entered into his circumstances and domestic affairs with considerable i minutl . i . Ho likewise chatted upon many msttersjeennected with the place , yet I found his knowledge was confined within a very contracted circle . ( To be continued . )
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of not securing efficient officers ; the great reason why the people are governed as { they are ss contrary to their inclination and will , is ] that those in power take care as rapidly as possible to Becureall the talent , zxuX , and energy of the country , jby holding forth such inducements as shall make it their personal and immediate Interest , to act contrary ] to those impulses which would dictate a more noble ] but less practical course . To those unused to business proceedings the mere question of saving eo much per week , is of considerble importance , wheieas a liberal but judicous expenditure would , in so great a cause as the one I am treating of , amply repay itself a hundred or a thousand fold . To effectually and rapidly overcome all the combined powers of error , every description of talent must be secured at whatever cost it has to be obtained . After selecting his secretary , the President should proce « d forthwith to select the most efficient council be
can procure to act cordially jwith him . In doing this each President shouh ! choose : penooa ot the largest and moat capacious minds be caul find . Without reference to class , sect , sex , or party . It ! will be perfectly imm aerial whether they be Wbigd , Tories , Radicals , Chatties , Corn-Law Kepwilers , or liepealera of noy other kia <>; whether Churchmen , Diss » n ; era , Infidels , or any ¦ ih > -r denomination of thinkers . { The knowledge that the / cannot be made to believe otherwise than they » re compelled to do by the impressions nude upon their uiimls , will book prsduce that universal churily that will eimble all , cordially and truly to cq-operate with each other in ourgre . it , noble , end godlike cause . With regard to sex , I would observe , that talented and intelligent womou will give a moral power , force , and dignity , to the Association which it can never
acquire until they join it ; and the work af human regeneration will be accelerate ^ ruoru by the full ami entire enlistment of the sympathies of woinau , in its progress , than by any other s'ukIq causo . Nothing must be heaid of class distinctions , in the society to which I refer . All must of aecessity belong to the working class , for the business to be ( lone , is tbe tbe greatest work ever yet performed by maw ; but provided they givo cordial assistance we must most readily welcome all . wh atever may ba their rank , title , profession , or occupation in present society . The great , the wise , and the good may be found among alt ranks and classes of the present confused and chaotic jumble called society , and it is these alone who will have to take the initiative j in producing tbe change from all that is erroneous and fajje to all that is truti and just j
With a good President , Secretary and Council , carefully watching both the instructions from tbe central offloo , and the peculiar matters relating to tho locality ; diligently carrying out instructions received and giving suggestions for further advance whenever they present themselves ; eaoh city , town , and village throughout the empire may Bpeedily become the centre of one general mind that sball , as rapidly as knowledge ean be obtained , take the uecoisary steps to ensure to all , every requisite for their progressive advancement , in the path of union , virtue , peace , and happiness . Having now pretty well disposed , 1 fear at a somewhat tedious length , of the question of organising a society , I shall proceed in my next to point out further practical Bteps that will require to be token . I am , Sir , Your j obedient servant . } William Gali'in . Harmony Hall , June 6 th , 1843 . ^ :
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union , and z ^ al go . I think that our movement of 1839 will vie with the Repeal movement of the present day . We ha v& not had so many of the rich with us ; nor have we had our priests of the establishment or dissent ; nor do we expect these laiter ; nor have we had tbe press with us—none save our own Northern Star ; but our principles are rapidly progressing—the middle class are moving towards us , and some portion of the press is speaking more respectfully of ub , aye . even the Attorney-General and the juster portion of tho Judges have acknowledged us as a party who have a right to preach our opinions . One Judge has , from the judgment seat , complimented our leaders for their ability and intelligence , ' which , with the compliments of Mr . G . in this saiucparagraph , the Chartist will be duly proud of ; but must not let their feelings of pride overcome their judgment ; but seek by every act of the r lives to earn the estesm of all good men .
One thing I would particularly call four attention to , is , tbst we have displayed something like unity of purpose and unity of action under , what we term , the democratic principles ; and when 1 view the case in all ita bearings—tho union we so rapidly effected witheuoh small means at our disposal—the much we have done towardsenlighteoiDg onr fellowmen upon true principles —tbe amount of persecution we have endured a . ' . d passed , antl tUo numerous privations our follows have endured—tlie saciiflces so many of them have made for the cause , I cannot help but thick that su jh a b * dy is invincible , and by Bteady perseverance must succeed if tbt . y keep strictly and consistently to the democratic principle ; bat perhaps Mr . G ' a observation apply anly to tho-cavils and renegadism that have occurred in oar
ranks ,, tho lamentable errors ( to be mild ) of the late Executive ; if so , Ivniust inform him that these dis > orders have occurred through violation of the democratic principle , for according to that principle , in the words of Kobtispieru , " tho rights of svtry man are bound by the right ) of others , and if we pass our own bo'imhiry , we i !; vn . le tho rights of others , " Under this , the talebearer , the buiay-body is condemned , aad if all mea abided by this precept , bow much ill-will and cavil would be avoided according to the democratic principle-All oflict rs of tbe people should be servants of tlie ptiop ! e uuil render au account of their acts of office , to the pcwpltt as often as rtgiiind , or at stated times , explaining clearly , of course . Now , were this always done , how much hubbub and confusion we might be spared .
Senators too , should be paid for their services , what is fairly agreed upon , but no more . List , but greatest point of the » li Tiocratic principle istha : " tha people ' s will is la * , " the btgt guarantee fur its being obeyed . Now , when tho democratic principle becoiuts well known , and strictly acted on , instt ad of the cavil sod discord , heartburning , ill-will , injuries and revenges , that pervades all nation . ' , and as a matter of coure , all the societies established within them , wo shall have love and joy , and harmony . Hoping for this day , I remain , yours iu faith . Gracchus .
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ADDRESS OF THE CONGBES 3 OF THB RATIONAL SOCIETY TO THE CHARTISTS . Friends and Fellow men , —The Congress of the National Sooiety being deeply interested in the fallen state of the industrious classes , and greatly dissatisfied with the present condition of all classes , having met in their Annual Session at their Hall , in Hampshire , desire to address you on the false position and dangerous state of all parties throughout tbe empire . It is now admitted by the highest authorities in the country , that among the working classes there is much ignorance , ; ' poverty , destitution , crime , and extreme suffering ; and these etila evidently arise from the neglect and oppression of tbe wealthy—to tho deep and lasting injury of all ranks from the highest to the lowest .
It ia equally evident , now—to those who can reflect , and trace tffecta to their causes—that it ia not necessary that this wretched state of society should longer remain , in an empire abounding with all the materials to ensure immediate general prosperity to the whole population . But these who govern , however much they may desire to alter and improve this lamentable state of the population , do not know bow to effect it , and wiil not attempt it on right principles for fear of danger to some of its present artificial divisions . . Nor can this change be tffdcteil , withont danger to the peace of the country , without a full knowledge and good understanding , among all parties , of the principles on which alone it can be made , and of the mode of applying those principles to practice . It is now of the last importance to you to know these principles , and how , wisely , to . apply them to practice .
Tbe principles on which society has been hitherto based , governed , and educated will never produce virtue , permanent prosperity , or happiness ; these erroneous principles must be gradually abandoned , with tKe character which they necessarily produce throughout the population . And you may , immediately , and must beneficially for all classes , commence this change by your own means and well-directed industry . No sane mind any longer doubts that man is , to « very yi eat extent , the creature of the circumstances by which he is surrounded , and chiefly of those which society creates , and with which it surrounds individuals from their births , so as to make poor or rioh , ignorant , or intelligent , well or ill disposed , all of the hum » n race , yet retaining the natural individual differences by which one shall ba
always distinguished from every ether . Also the very ignorant or very ill informed alone now imagine that man has been made with faculties to enable him to believe except in accordance with the strongest impressions which are made on his mind ; or to love , except that which is agreeable to his individual nature ,- or to form any of his faculties or powers , so as to be rationally responsible for their qualities , nor can any one well informed now doubt of the superabundance of materiel immediately at the disposal of society , if they were properly applied , to ensure per * manent wealth , to all , and to surround all with circumstances greatly more to be desired , and far superior to any which have been formed at any time , in any part of the world .
Now ,, npon these data , without disturbing the present position of any partiea , you will possess the power , whenever you can acquire the knowledge , to gradually and most beneficially , and peaceably , commence a change in your condition , by which you will speedily remove the hitherto permanent causes of ignorance , poverty , division , and uncharitableness , first from you own ranks , and by your example , soon afterwards , from all above and below you . It is vain , at first , to look to any other party to tffiCt the change for you ; the upper classea do Hot know how to do it even for themselves ; but when you commence in good earnest , and show them a successful beginning , then those now above you will come forward and , ere long , cordially assist in carrying forward tho change throughout society .
You have a superabundance of industry ; you may have among yourselves a weekly subscription sufficient to commence and continue the practical measures to well educate and employ , in a reasonable time , all your unemployed , half employed , or uselessly employed members , and to well educate them and their children so as to make a good beginning , and lay & solid foundation for the continuance of the same measures , until all the industrious classes shall be well educated physically , mentally , morally , and practically , and all permanently well employed in producing , in the best manner , the greatest amount of the most valuable wealth , most
beneficially for the producers and consumers ; and thus would yau , in a peaceable and the best manner , emancipate yourselves and your children , and exhibit an example to all classes , in all countries , which all might now advantageously adopt . The members of the Rational Society , without desiring in any manner to interfere with your funds or the government ef your society , or any of your proceedings , will ba moa ready to render yon , or any other party or society , whatever assistance it may be in their power to give to forward any practical measures calculated to permanently well educate and employ any portion of the industrious classes .
That you may succeed in thus peaceably and permanently emancipating yourselves , in assisting others to effect the same now most necessary object , is the sincere wish of all the Delegates of the Rational S > ciety assembled in their Annual Congress , in May , 1843 . Signed by order , and on behalf of the said Congress , Robert Owen , President of the Rational Society , and Chairman of Congress . Harmony Hall , Hants , May 25 . 1843 .
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Letters from Bosnia confirm the intelligence given of an insurrection there . It is said that the insurgents have catted for the interference of Austria . In the neighbourhood of Oundle , the fine crops of £ rass ( have been under water for a fortnight , and , it is feared , will b 3 quite spoiled . The la . te RA . 1 N 3 faaye been so favourable to the grass and corn crops in the vale of Lune as almost to ensure a superabundant harvest . Accounts from New Orleans speak of heavy rains having fallen towards the close of AprSl , and swelled the Mississippi to a considerable height .
It is expected that a- first dividend of 5 s . in the pound on the estate of Messrs . Parker and Shore , bankers , of Sheffield , will be paid about the end of June . Postage SxAstPs .-r-We are enabled to place before oar readers the following statement of the amount received for posts ge stamps , sold at three of the leadtag post receiving houses in London , during the past two years : — 1841 1842 £ . s . d . £ s d . White , CornhiU ... 4 , 435 16 6 ... 7 . 64 Q 12 6 Reid , Charing-crosa 2 . 636 10 2 ... 3 . 5 i > 7 7 6 Kelly , Vigo-lane ... 2 , 357 12 6 ... 8 , 377 7 0
From this return it will be seen Chat the increase of the year 1842 nearly doubled that of the preceding that Mr . White alone , in the two years , disposed of stamps to the amount of , £ 12 , 076 9 s ., which r < jdueed into sins ;!* labels , gives the extraordhiaiy number of 2 fi ' J 8 348 . The Post-office allowance on postage stamps to receiving houses is one per cent % —Post Magazine .
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HARMONY HALL . LETTER XIII . TO THE EDITOR OF THB NORTHERN STAB . SIR , —As the subject of organization is an all important one connlected with the escape' of all classes from the vice , crime , and misery , which everywhere now bo frightfully abound , I intend to devote this letter to the organizing of branches for such a society as I have alluded to in my former letters . Befort dojng so , however , I must make some remarks on the letter of your correspondent Gracchus , that appears in this day ' s paper , which letter is written in a spirit that makes it pleasant to have suoh an opponent to point * out any error , or supposed errors , that I may advance :
First—I contend that the principle of unity contained in my [ letters is strictly democratic , by its placing in the hands [ of the people the election of the president , treasurer * and auditors of accounts , and by their retaining the power of dismissing them at any time it may be found advisable . Second—With regard to the Repeal question , I fully agree , with Gracchus , that the importance ef that measure depends upon tbe appeal made to the better passions of the Irish people . But this appeal could not be so made if every , or even any person possessed the right to 1 dissect or modify what Mr . O'Connell thought would be most effective for his purpose . With
regard to Mr . O'Connell personally , I can urge nothing ; my objects are universal , and not limited to Individual , class , sect , party , or country ; and I referred to Mr . O'Connell , hot with the view of approving , or otherwise , of the ' course he was taking , but simply to point out tbe manner in which an entire body of people may be roused and kept in united and peaceful , but firm and determined agitation , by being under the direction of one individual mind of strong power . My dependence is not on any person who may be selected to preside over the society , but On the truth of the principles on which it is to be based , and on the daily increasing knowledge that will be gained of the sciences of human nature and of society .
Tour Correspondent must bear in mind that I propoge to found thiB Society on what I contend to be three great and eternal truths , which are opposed to every institution of society as at present formed—First : That the character of man is formed for him , and not by him ; and that it is entirely dependent upon his original organization and the circumstances by which he is made to be surrounded . ¦ Second : That he has not the power to believe or disbelieve at pleasure » but must do so in accordance with the strongest conviction that shall be made upon hia mind . ! Third : That he has not the power to love or hate at bis will , but must love or hate according to the feelings created } wi * bin him by each subject , which feelings he : can in ho manner be responsible for .
These three truths placed na the basis of action for any body of men , if clearly understood by them , must of necessity I lead to an entirely different course to any yet exhibited to the world . There could be no anger , no ill will , no envy , or jealousy ; among such persons . Each ene would most strenuously endeavour to promote the geperal happiness , knowing that it contributed in the highest degree to his own ^ personal welfare . It is to the deep impression which these truths are capable of making upon every individual ; mind that I rely for speedy success ; and I am well aware that until this point is gained my proposal will be open to all the objections which Gracchus makes in the election of the central or local presidents .
Tbe immediate advantage to be gained by the unity form of proceeding is that the responsibility will be fixed in such a manner that the individual chosen will always feel bound to the strongest and most vigoureus action , knowing that all eyes are centred on him , and that his success or failure cannot be attributed to those with whom ; bo ia associated being obstructive to his measures . Be will , of course , have no power to compel his council to act blindly , or contrary to their own conviction , nor will they be obliged to go with him further than they consider right ; but he may , on the other hand ,: act in any manner that , under all the circumstances J he shall deem most advisable .
This responsibility , joined to the great publicity which the proceedings of a well organizsd society must have from its commencement , will be a sufficient guarantee that the members will know how their cause is progressing );—and I would take care that the publicity was as extensive as it could be made , so that they at all times may know if a change of presidents be required . The chief objections which I have to urge against the flection of'the Council I have already given in my letter inserted in this week ' s Star , and I leave your readers to judge how far they appear cogent-or otherwise . All I would further desire to observe ia , that however strongly I may write on these subjects , I assure Gracchus that lionly wish my opinions V > be considered as those of an individual keenJy alive to the miserable state ia which alt are now placed .
With respect to the remarks on Mr . Owen or Mr . O'Connor , I say of them , as I have on all occasions when speaking of . persons . I trust the association to be formed will draw forth the best feelings and qualities of every friend of humanity ; and if this bedong , it will be of little importance who shall have been placed here or there , seeing there could be no merit or demerit in the individuals : for actions which axe strictly and rigidly necessitated . With this rather extensive digression from the subject I proposed to treat of , I now revert to the organizing of Branches for the society .
In every tewB throughout England , Ireland , Wales , and Scotland , a branch of the society should be formed , consisting of members ready to pay some fixed sum , say one shilling quarterly , to the land fund , besides any local expenses that may be necessary . These members should , in the first instance , fleet the most businesslike and trustworthy person they know , without any reference to his being a debater or discusser of any kind , as their president ; one whom they know to be deeply interested in the welfare of his fellow-beings . The hicher his position in society , provided he has within himself the necessary qualifications for the situation iwhich must never be lost sight of ) the better , ; as this position will of itself render the objects of the society tbej more easily attainable , and give confidence to those to jthose who compose the branch . A Treasurer and two auditors should also be chosen for each branch , and the accounts should be published often , so as to give full confidence to all parties . ;
The President should , immediately on his election , choose the most fitting individual he can provide as a secretary who should be an active business-like man , well versed in accounts , and of such general habits , manner * , temper , and disposition , as should give him free access ( among all ranks andj classes , and secure to him the confidence of all , and he should make it his especial duty diligently to watwn tho instructions that will have to appear from time to time from the central office , and to see that they are vigorously carried into effect . The Secretary must also attend to any local publications that may be required and see generally t # the diffusion of the principles , views , and objects within his / district
Much , very much , will depend upon the efficiency of the local secretaries , and they will require to be active , intelligent men ; persons in whom the public will have full confidence . In choosing u secretary or any other officer whose time will be chiefly engaged in the affairs of tha'socibty , wherever it is required , this service should be paid for , and provided a Slticg person be procured , ihe should be paid liberally . Ni greater 01 worse miatako can possibly be made than that
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THE NATIONAL iJeNEFIT SOCIETY . THE " DEMOCUATip PttlNGU'LE" Versus "DESPOTIC AII 1 IOJ 11 TY . "
TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brothers—It is evident , from the t « nor of Mr . Galpin ' s observations upon ] the power to be vested in the President , that it is unity of purpose and unity of action he desired to effect , as the only means of arriving at the goal of our aspiration—universal happiness . I agree with him , that itj is only by suoh a course of action that any association ? can well expect to be successful in its undertakings be they what they may ; but we differ upon the means to obtain that unity of purpose and of action . j Mr . G . 's plan is by putting tho whole of the society und « r the coutroul of a single head , —a plan that I deny will effect the object , ] seeing that authority is not influence ; and that it is more likely to beget opposition than obedience : and here JI sball take advantage of Mr . G . ' s own illustration , viz , the present repeal movement . !
I think , if Mr . G . and our readers look well into the reports of that movement , they will see that Mr . O'Conneil ' s leadership is one of admission not commission ; that it is assumed by common consent ; and obtained by the confidence his countrymen place ia him , from a belief that he is their true : friend , sincerely seeking to obtain for them all they hold dear , —a confidence won by his appeals to the best j feelings and passions of the Irish people ; and not by { any authority vested in him by any party : hence the unity of purpose and of action that now characterises' the repeal movement—the common bond of priest and ] peasant—Dissenter and Catholic—their country ' s weal : therefore , this repeal illustration will , I think , serve my side betterthan Mr . G . 's , For this is how I would propose to effect unity ef
purpose and of action , that is , by the influence of principles of truth , justice , and humanity on the minds of our fellows , and to carry the objects desired into effect , that they should elect servants , who should deliberate together upon the necessary steps to be taken , publish tbe result of their deliberations to their constituents , and urge the necessity ot the plans being acted upon . Thus may we' obtain a thorough co-operation ; then would they follow their officers as leaders in the course laid down [ with a pleasure that the authority of one mas would fail to produce . In letter xL , fourth paragraph , Mr . G . says , speaking of Mr . O'Connell , " Supposing that he had tq debate , discuss , and explain every proposition he had to make , or even that be had to woik with a council , any single member of which
might be disposed to thwart him ; could any one believe that he would then be enabled to arouse the spirit which he now excites ? " Now , for my own part , I cannot see how any council could affect the case otherwise than beneficially ; by each supplying his opinion they would probably arrive at the best course to be pursued ; and so long as Daniel can apeak ( for he is one of the speech makers ) to bia countrymen , he wiil be able to excite them by the tale of their many wrongs , and rouse their spirit for " Ould Ireland . ' And then to debate and ! discuss , is surely the way to elicit truth ; but if Djiniel had to explain ? well ,
there are a great many in the Chartist ranks who will agree with Mr . G . that it Jwould be very inconvenient for Daniel to explain a great many of bis sayings and doings , and square them with the principles of truth and justice ; but we have [ agreed , at least I hope so , I I mean the Chartist body ., with a becoming magnanimity , to drop the curtain for the present over his faults , in the hope that ] by his present and future cenduct , he will weave himself such a veil of goodness , that the prying eye of after generations will not be able to penetrate , and , therefore , speak only ef hia worthy deeds . j Now for the contrast 1
The fifth paragraph is as follows : — " Let us take the contrast between the agitation for tbe Repeal and that of the People ' s Charter . Many miads , individually as powerful as Mr . O'Cunaellfs , have been engaged in prosecuting tbe latter , and the objects sought to be obtained are certainly far more attractive and valuable ; yet fay adopting what your correspondent Gracchus would designate as the democratic principle , we may observe the different rate of progress of the one and the other . " Here we perceive that Mr . Galpin assumes that ours has been the inferior rate of progress , a conclusion which I can by no Weans admit of , and one that I think our Social fiiendWuat have cone to without
giving the subject sufficient consideration . I verily believe that Mr . G . muat ] have been so enveloped In Socialism during our agitation of 1839 , as to be unable to estimate the power we had then in the field ; suffice it to state , that the reform government of that day where as ranch alarmed at it , as [ the Tories are now with the Repeal agitation . Proclamations of various sorts against meetings of all spits , were plentifully posted about our towns ; soldiers-were called out of Ireland , and moved here and there . Several of onr speakers where arrested under the charge of sedition ; they wera tried and imprisoned . These tyrannical acts excited the people still more , and collisions with the troopB followed ; the sequel ia top well known to all . Tbe whole press , before almost ) silent , teemed with frightful tales of torches , daggers , pikes , and Chartists ; the
Government struck a desperate blow , but could not conquer us , their trumpeter declared us dead , but our meetings aad petitions shortly answered the boast of " Plain John , " with our million shouts for the Charter . The House of Commons even answered our sail for tbe return of Lord John Russell's victims , our noble virtuous Frost and his co-convicts , with a division that was lost only by the Speaker ^ vote . Amidst all this tbe Government was dying—We had stuck a thorn in their aides that brought them co their end , and struck tbe blow that brought them from their high places of iniquity to our feet They begged our help , our reply was "theCharter , " "Frost , W j illiams , and Jones . " Theeleo tion came , we overbalanced the scale against them , and time hath proved the policy wise and good . TheTories got into power Again , and udder the darling Whig Reform BUI , proving the inefficiency of that measure , for either what its coococters intended it—Whig ascendancy—or
what the people where taught to expect—representation of the people . Our nest ] step was our Great National Petition , wherein three million and a half of Englishmen demanded the Charter and Repeal of the Union . Next came the factory lords' attempt to revolutionize England for the paltry measure of Repeal of the Corn Laws , and the whole of the North was said to be full of Chartists . Numbers of good and true Chartists , by taking advantage of this wage strike to tum the people ' s attention to the Charter , contrary to the advice of our Chieftan , O'Coi uor ; for none in the heat ef a moment suah as that , cou ' . d controul the enthusiastic advocates of principles such as ours ' , that may be so materially advanced , by taking advantage of times of exciting on a question of wrongs . Numbers hazarded their liberties , and it may be , lives in tbe struggle , and have been sacrificed as the scape-goats of League men . Now all tiie . se facts are evidence that we have held and do hold a ) proud position in the political world ; and , as far as agitation and public meeting , aad
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^ ============================== ===== ^ T HE NORTHERN STAR , j 7
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 10, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct485/page/7/
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