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EmGRATION.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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-WHERE TO , AND HOW TO PROCEED . SWISS Or -i IODB THSOCGH A POBTIO 5 OF CAHADA , A 3 D SXTEBAI , OP THE STATES OP SOBTH i XEBlCA . IAXHGDXAXLT THB STATES OV JUSSACHDSETTS , KHODB ISLAJtD , KEW TOBK , PESSSTXTAKIA , OHIO , MCHIGAK , TLUBOIS , ¦ STISCO 5 SKS , A 2 ED 3 TE"W JSR 3 ET , TJJTDEKIAKBS TPITB A TIKW OF ASCEElAEnjiG THB DBSIEABIl « HT » OB OTHERWISE , OF XXTCRaCTOK ; ijtD TO JCDGE OF THB BEST LOOiTIOX , POB X 5 G 1 JSH EMIGRANTS , FROM ACTDA 1 OBSEBTATIO 3 . 3 Y 1 AWBEKCK PHKETHLT , . of Hoddersfisld .
{ Con&nuEd Jr&a our last week ' s " paper *) BOMEWABD PASSAGE . XHrSSDATjRtlDAT , and SAXUBDA 5 , never OUt Of bed . Stxdat , Sth ^ -iDuring the last three days and sights 3 liaTe not been on my legs ; 2 have not been washed or xbsTed ; and what food I hare taken was given without jossidsration for my iThiww . My weakness rapidly increased ; and I fell Into what seemed more like a torpor than an j state I tan describe ; but , even so situated , my mind "was fixed upon the agents , omen , rapjslB , asd the whole crew of pickpockets and destroyers ^ iheir species who had so crammed ibis Email -vessel v to WV « the air we breathed all but ss bad as that jn the black hole of Calcutta ; -while the ventilation -was Jryoo means to be compared to the common alaTers on gie coast « f Guinea . Oar condition-was truly abb . orent jo humsji nature . Revolting scenes -were constantly ^^ rniiig in this den among the passengers ,-which I can nDtdescribe .
5 iB -wind continned JaTotrrabla This ¦ was my only consolation . We continued in our course running at the rate « f sloe or ten knets an hoar . This kept hope upon the ^ wing . yesterday , an Irishman , -who -went by the sobriquet of "Hine Uncle /* from "M *™^ Point , Illinois , had his box ¦ srashed from the top of tbfehen coop onto the deck : and * jnthB fall the cover -was knocked off . His clothes , which were of considerable valne , and his money , -which cons ^ ed , as hestated , of Bank of England notes to a eonsaerablfi amount , and also a draft for a goodly sum , ¦ were Trashed into tb . B sea . A number of passengers who slept in the hen-coop were-nearly dro-smed . They were in da gar of being "washed overboard . The inhumanity of the money-grubbers caused them to be so placed .
TbB storm abated ; and -with great difficulty and considerable pain I isajthed the deck , and at all risks jesolveS to" keep out of the " Calcutta hole . " Two . ships -were in sight hi the distance , to out right . An 3 nsh girl , of rather respectable appearance , -whom a poor sick old woman had entreated -with the key of her box , stole the money she had receired of her son topay her passage home from Liverpool . Being threatened , she tardily admitted the fact , and shsfled a portion of the money from some part of her clothes , and promised to farrow the remainder next day ; it -was produced .
I mentioned at a former period that some rogues had jemained on hoard through a subscription at 2 Tew York . One of them , after knocking down Koche ^ clerk ,-was , instead of feeing takenaskore and to justice , allowei to proceed on the payment of three dollars . This villain new frnzght hooks , -whisky , fee-and paid mosey for them ; of course he must either hare had it whea the * nb& ^ cription -was m * " 3 e , or have robbed his fellow-passen gers ; possibly tboBejyery persons -who subscribed to pay Jorhim . I had sufficient pioof that many do pass and jEpasa * om iirerpool to Kew Ybxfe , for no other object than plunder , sad , as they caUSfc , " aspree . " 3 IO 2 EDAX , l » &u— -The weather mild , - with -wind tolerably fair . T « find means to -write a few notes is all but impossible , in censequence of the crowd and Eiedley , £ lthand misery . The state of the ship is such , flat to obtain * position where to have good aii and be ontof a crowd is ntxt to impossible .
3 have juii oTerheard Mr . Robinson relate to a few of Iheother cabin passengers , that lord Morpethhad , as > compliment , been presented to the bar at a place of some note in Kentucky ; and that the ladies had disrged him with dooru&i&ss . Mr . Bobinsan had been informed that his lordship had , -while seated in the company of ladies , placed his back against the vail , ana easthis feet over the hack of a second chair . This was considered very rude . Lordsj&onld be careful what fljey do in such places . Tcisdat , 11 th . —We were nearly becalmed this morning . I was -rery much indisposed ; and as to taking inmates it "was "wholly out of the question . Consequently many particulars must he passed over .
I ought to hare observed that on Sunday my bedmate , -who professed to be a gentleman , and on coining on board he had something of that appearance , had told some of the passengers that he had as income of £ 170 ; and to others he said he had j £ 25 D per a-nn-nTn Knta-ng . from a flour jnill , a starch manufactory , and other property ; be those things SB they may , IS w& » evident that he had an inordjsate penchint Sot onions , tobacco , and erery desenption of ardent spirits . W « ll , an Sunday , he got EtcesBJTely drnnk , and kicked tip a great disturbance He moulded , in a perfectly ogigina ] s ^ le , the most zmpriang oaths , and sent them forth out of a mouth ¦ which seemed to take an entire sew form for the exyiess pnipoee . They came out 'with amazing force and Telocity , -nifley after Tolley in rapid succession , which ensaasome of tne godly to o ^ iake -with terror , irhile
vthsa felt assured that the ship must go down . The fSlow staggered , reeled , and tumbled down upon the ^ inrwi ^ cxfln ^ TT'if g at the top of his Toiee , in a peculiar tone : " Oierland , the holy cross , and Dan for ever * God fi n , and eternally d -n Sir Robert Ped 2 nd Sis Tory Government . ' and eternally d n all ike Tories l and God bless Daniel OConnelL G—d i aFeaxgus O'Connor . " He empoaueally declared Sot if Daniel OConnell -would tell him to put a tisp , meaning light strav , into any man ' s house he ¦* onld burn it down—thai if he -w « mld ask him to shoot any tnaTi , he "would do it—that if he asked him to go to hell , he-would go to helH and swore immy fngMfni oathB thai no one could be a chris-Bmi TTTiipfra he possessed the sign -of the cross . Sis contact seemed to gall Ma brother Catholics- bnl so tajriol Qthets could stop the torrent until it iras exliiusletL
Wxdsesdat , 12 th . —A eaun day , and I hare been aole to get out of the black hole , called the second « bm . Had I not , 1 Brast TerysoonhaTe been the food of fishes . A fish called a skipjack-was caught to-day . It "was somewhat like a mackerel , but thicker , and of a more fihraj hue ; it -weighed about Slha . Thcesdat , 13 th . —The TrinS got up this afternoon , xnd helped us once more on our course . There-was a great aUr to-day in the steerage , and Koong the steerage passengers on deck . Charges and counter charges , rriTnynttfl ^ Ti and recrimination , attack 2 nd defence , cursing , swearing , every thins but blows ,
resorted to , and the utmost excitement prevailed during the whole day . The pickpockets and plunderers had , daring thB night , been rummaging the trunks , barrels , and other packages . The passengers applied to the mate for a lamp to bum during night , in order that it might be seen by -whom and -when the depredations -were committed ; there -was one on board « utea Jor the parj > ose , and ^> nt of use . A aort of assent or promissa > atthisTerytaifling boon should be granted , ¦» as made ; hut after tailing with the feelings of theipas-REgers it -was refused . The greater portion of the Ji&aage -was as dark in the day as in the night , and the opportunity to robbers -was only lessened by the -watebnusessof the people . *
¦ Fkidat , 14 th . — "UncleSam"hating been "without ierta , from the circumstance before stated , had his iediipon the Soot of the xonnd-honse on deck . He kraggiTenme a hearty-welcome , I took possession tf half Ms bed , where I had free air , and was released from my " chum , " -whose onion- « at 5 ng , eternal smoking , ShI swallowing every kind of spirits he « ould reach , 'od not ¦ washing himself , had become most loathsome . Be -was constantly begging of poor families for a share - * j * thehr prorisionB , in order to aave hiB own . I tried erery means in my power to get rid of him ; bnt to
ippnrpose . Sack he-would ; and-while he was engaged " ¦ ith ereryotter matter , he kept brawling -withal ) STGand , especially -with the -women . The fellow haa aetpnt on owdesn article since he stepped on board . ^ Bh aa sol tRufaeains skin , nor shsred himself ; and 1 b 5 b covered -with grease and dirt from head to foot , ¦» iEe his unshorn dun 3 s clotted—O "what a filthy tog ! I ofiered to purchase his share oi the berth . 1 ^ feced to put another into my place , but to no purpose Be parted with no mosey but for spirits ; he -would ^ BseiYB none for my accommodation .
Sleeping in the round-house is a great advantage . She air is not only good , hut 3 am airay from thai « astly « hnm . The breeze fair and strong , and Tunning at a good * e . Satcbdat , 15 th . —This is the day I had hoped to U 3 n Urverpool , from the state of the weather at the tommencement , and the character of the ship . Breeze strong , bat carrying ns too far northward . A * J > ort is in circulaSon that the captain intends run-^ hy-thenorfli of Inland , -which "would very much « oease the distance . Sbxdax , lGtti . —3 Cfae hreesa continues to drive ns ^ toward . 3 have jo fanecb-nsea an to beabl © TO * 3 tt a litfle ^ erercMe . At the eookrng grate , to-d » y , one Irishman cut another ^ Sthahesvy iron ina&ument ; they quarrelled respecting * 5 ch had the prior right to occupy the fire .
Hneh fighiang took place to-day from varioas causes ^ doSDAT , 17 ih ^—The wind has changed . We are ¦ ttring jipon Cape Clear , our proper course . The gsee beig -very -weak , "we are » ot going " a ^ iead . " ** have been oat lea three ureekB , and are stifl 700 ^ tee "west of Greenwich ; -we-wereonly SOD three days 5 » , " * 3 thafalr-wmd . We could not get into port in ^ San Qnse days . At sx P-ai ^ the hreeas spproxi-^ ttfcg yn * ^ iTr T T ' " j aTlfl « "rt 7 "'"Wt ¦ n'tali ten . Ioesdat , ISflj . —The storm has kept np all night ; ^ Hiis morning the mam boom -was split awsy , and * % e sail -went overboard . At this moment we are ^ Bog'rery lard npon a rough aea .
< poor ftdlow from Falkirk is just taken ill of fever , ** raves very much ; -there ib very little attention SSd him , and aasreely one parjide of Bjiupafty ex-
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tended to him . He is in the steerage , which is even -worse than the second cabin . The captain can ! not deign to notice any one , -well or sick , -who didnotpsy 100 dollars for a cabin fare , "When "very 111 indeed , I "was three days before 1 could Lave » little medlcin& The < 3 aptain-wears fine-coloured gloves on board , and altogether is a very "fine ** man . ! Wedjjxsdat , 19 th . —The morning very * qually ,-approacbing a hurricane , accompanied by some snow . Abont noon , the -weather cleared , the " wind on our how , or - nearly a-head . About one -we ssw Cape Clear , and at nightfall -we could distinctly see the light from : the Cape lighthouse . The night -was fine , the moon shilling forth in all her glory . The -wind be ' mg . fair , and the hrefis fall , we made way in grand style . ]
Thubsdat , 20 th . —The wind continued fair during the night . I got up to view the Irish « oast The first object of importance "was Waterford , oar view of which was wry iidiatinct . The morning -was exceedingly cold . Indeed it had beea so for several days . i "We soon met a fine steamer , -which -was reported to be the Caledonia , bound for Boston , but soon learned from the persons on board the Saitese light ship that she -was the Cork steamer . ¦ The Caledonia soon passed us in the same direction , last night a ship passed us , saidTto be the Rochester , which was appointed to sail two days after us . This -was found to be a mistake . We ta-w a nmnberi of vessels to-day of various sizes and classes , all of ¦ which -wepassed . Towards evening the bretze increased , and we were carried forward at the rate of ten knots an hour- to Holyhead , -which we reached about nine pitn . The strong bretze had got us too close npon the land , and -we -were obliged to tack .
We have « n board aeventeen cabin passengers ; foiarteen males and three females . The measurement j of the second cabin is 27 by 21 feet in height . The top step of the ladder , by -which males and females , adults and children , have to pass to our department , is 2 feet i inches ; and the full extent fiom said step over abai to the deck is no less than 4 feet A inches , and which females of all ages have to stride at once in passing up and down . This is another specimen of Yankee decency . A Mr . Hutton , of New York , and a friend of his , both mechanics , made the measurement . The following is a list of tbe persons -crushed into thiB small airless place . A second cabin indeed 2 Berths . Persons , No .
1 Mrs . Midhope , Mrs . Gibson and daughter 3 2 Mr . Russell , his -wif 6 and child 3 8 Messrs . Woodman , Withams , and Williams ... 3 4 Barbara Rom , Catharine and Ann Roche 3 5 — Potter and another ....... 2 6 Davis , his-wife , son , and daughter 4 7 Button and Gay „ 2 8 Mt Woodman ' s maid and three children ......... 4 9 Rtkeihly and Blakey .. „ 2
10 Sirs . Woodman and Miss Falls 2 11 Hugh Agnew , and a Yankee . 2 12 Mrs , Fjdler and Miss Agnew 2 13 Haliidayand wife 2 14 Field and Fleming 2 15 Mrs . Mac Yean and Mrs . Caithness and child ... 3 16 Berwick and another 2 17 Mr . Macdonald , wife and two children . ^ . 4 18 Patterson and Maloy „ . 2 39 MawHmlly and Thompson ... „ . „ ... „ ...... — .... „ . 2 20 Two men , names unknown .. „ 2 21 Woman and daughter ........... — 2 22 Woman , Hobson , and child , from Sheffield ... 3 23 Two -women ..... 2 24 Man and his-wife . „ 2 25 Thomas and Henry O'Neal and Robert Robs ... 3 26 S . Black and JohnOrr 2 27 W . G Shepherd , on the boxes ... 1
65 I leave the reader to calculate how much space is allotted for each person in which to breathe , to eat in , and to sit , after deducting the room for the berths . Many had to eat their meals in bed ^ the ^ lace being so crowded . Mr . Hitchcock , "who -was " done" out of a berth , was pressed by the captain to pay the difference , and take a first cabin berth . Had it been my case I would have
had the captain before the magistrates as soon as 3 got to land . This aged man never had his clothes off during the whole passage ! but sat in the comer of the round-house every night and slept as he could . ; ; When in port , the round-house -was carpeted and in good order . When 2 paid my fares , the aecend cabin -was epen and airy ; but in two days after more berths were fixed , and the passage for air closed . Between the first and second cabins there -was stowed a large quantity of flour and cheese . The captain -was too " $ rreat" a man to look into the second cabin or steerage He never entered either during the voyage .
The ** petty" for the steerage passengers waa a shocking filthy place . ' ' A commercial traveller , was with us , for whom a clergyman of New York had engaged a berth ** itb the : proprietors of the ship , ( with whom he was personally acquainted , } for which he paid twenty dollars , the engagement being that the gentleman was to have all ; his meals in the cabin after the one hundred-dollar passengers had taken theirs , and to have a bed is the cabin . ; This gentleman , bad spoke to the captain , who , ordered the steward to get him some tea , appealing to cave a clear understanding that the engagement was as described . Before the next meal was due Captain Bailey had directed ene of his lackeys to inform Mr . Britain that he must eat his meals in the galley or dock . - To this the gentleman quietly submitted ; and
he breakfasted , dined , took tea and supper with the black cook , the cowkeeper , scullions , and hangers-on , in a black box ; and instead of sleeping in the cabin , he had no alternative but to sleep . on the open deck , exposed to every danger and every storm ; or in a partially covered division of the long boat among a little straw , where all that was between him and some sheep was a thin deal partition not over close in the joists ,. and quite open over top ! Two persons slept in a ssrt of recess at the top of the passage to the steerage , where all the stench and breath had to pus from-belpw i It surprised me that they could live in it In one division of the hencoop , which was six feet square divided in two compartments , four persons in each- - 8 In the potatoe hole .. ™ ..... 6
In a recess at the top of the ladder , the only entrance to the steerage . 2 On the floor of the reunvi house , sometimes washed with the-water .......... 1 To sleep sitting in a corner of the round house , never having had his clothes off his back , his feet duricg the voyage , and his legs , often so swollen as to prevent him from putting on boots or shoes ™ .... 1
18 Three sheep and four pigs occupied a position directly under the berths . These nT »'"»« l » were only separated from the passengers by a few open boards ; and every sea we shipped , washed in upon them . Duncan London , a poor weaver from Paisley , had his box opened and a sovereign taken out , which was all the money he possessed . He was therefore left peaoyless . 1 opened a subscription and obtained a little money for him , and intended to collect more when we got on shore . Being toe busy , 1 had to lend him menfcy to pay his fare home . Many were plundered both of money and provisions during the voyaee .
Fbidat , 21 st—Got ent of bed at a qnarter to four o ' clock in anticipation of being hi port to breakfast ; but I found the ship beating against a bead wind . She -sras running in a north-west direction , her proper course being due east . It was exceedingly cold . We had several hail showers . Many vessels were in the channrf , several of which passed us , towed by steamers , bound for New York . Several steamers offered their services to tow tub into port , which were refused . However , it was at length agreed that one of thjm should take the cabin passeBgers ashore . This was at dusk . I took the opportunity , and got into Liverpool about nine o ' clock , at which 1 had great cause to rrjoiee , as 3 learned when the ship came up next morning , that the Captain and others nadgone ashore and taken spirits on board , with which many -got ist > xicated ; and dancing , singi ng , fighting , and the most riotous and disorderly conduct was kept op during the night .
This evening X called upon several friends ; and after a sound sletp on shore fe . t much refreshed . Saturday , 22 nd- —The ship had just got into port -when 2 -went dotra this morning . > lr . Woodman got a cart and three stioog men , and had the Inggage taken to the place of inspection , which is called the Depot . To save fcxpscce and inconvenience , and delay , luggage pnght to be examined before it is taken from off the ship , as at Boston . We had to wait a considerable time for our turn ; and had to have it carried into 9 place and opened and searched , then to put up again and return to the cart . This occupied the whole day , till evening . Sbsday IiSoxktkg , 23 rd . 1 left by the first train for my friend O'Brien ' s , at Eccles , where 1 spent a plea * sant day . - Mosday , 24 th . —left for Manchester by the first omnibus tor that place , attended to some bnsiness , and arrived at home in the evening , after an absence of four and a half-months .
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gotten a passage for nothing , and are so called , because they feed and wait upon the ducks , bens , pigs , cows , &c ) . We had not so assay passengers aa might have been ; bnt the room is generally apportioned to the number , so that we were crammed together as close ss could be ; and until our boxes , &c were a little sided , we had scarcely room to stir . ' On Wednesday , one -of the passenger ' s wives was taken ill , and in the course of the day was delivered of a child . ] Yon are aware what state the passengers are gener ally in for the first few days , sick as can be , and
tumbling about in all directions . They were in this state when the woman fell ill ; and scarcely a female in the ship sbla to hold her head up . I had thought that Emigrant vessels were compelled to take a Burgeon out with them ; and that , in such a case as this , sosis notice would be taken of the woman bv the captain . Bui nothing of the kind happened here , f The woman was compelled to do as she could , assisted by one of the passengers , a young man , who had hod some practice as a surgeon , but was afraid of undertaking a case of midwifery . However , the child was born , and in less than a week after , the woman appeared the stoutest of her sex in the ship .
Nothing particular occurred after this for several days . We continued to get along at a fine rate , with the wind fair , and blowing rather strongly all the time . On Thursday 23 rd , we were sadly pnt about at our end of the steerage , by the mate coming down and ordering us to remove our boxes from where we had them piled , one on the top of the other , and coiling in their place five or six great ropes which nearly filled between decks , and almost completely deprived us of room to stir . Saturday 25 th—Very stormy . The cook , a coloured man , who slept close beside me , when getting np about five o'clock , a M ., said it was " blowing like de berry debit . " Some of the sails were rent thiB morning , and
one of the sailors fell from ; the rigging . His leg was dislocated and other parts considerably braised . The sailors were all quite busy and dare not leave to attend him . Some of the passengers carried him to the top of the hatchway , where he lay for some time , the captain taking no more notice than if nothing had happened . At length one or two of ] the passengers assisted our young Doctor in getting his leg into joint again , after giving him a little brandy to deaden the pain , fie was afterwards carried into the steerage , and two of the passengers left their berth to make room for him , there being no place in the [ forecastle fit for him . He lay there until landing , some of the sailors occasionally coming to see him : bnt the captain , 1 understand , never once asked bow he was .
On Monday , the 2 rth , one of the passengers died about one p . m . He had been ill of consumption some time before leaving America , where he had lived about three years ; and bis brother was attending him bomb to his native country , [ Ireland ) . Soon after he died they dressed him in a clean shirt front , and his brother , a Catholic , commenced reading over him , and continued a considerable time . Soon after daylight , two of the sailors were sent below ! to prepare him for burial They were not long in sewing him up in an old sheet ; after which his brother [ again commenced reading , when he had done , they carried the corpse on deck ,
where a board was placed , one end on toe bulwark , and the other on the end of a waterbre * k . On this board they placed the body , and , after filling an old potatoe poke with stones , and tying it to his legs , the captain appeared with a book in his hand , and commenced reading the funeral service . When he arrived at that passage , " Ashes to ashes , and dust to dust , " the board was lifted on end , and he slid into the water . Nothing particular occurred after this until our landing . I remember you complained sadly , on our outward bound voyage , about want of convenience ; but this ship was ten times worse in that respect , though . U Was one of a regular line ef packets .
Many of the passengers [ agreed to draw np a paper on the conduct of the Captain and want of convenience in the ship , which all would willingly have signed , and which was to be published ; when we got ashore ; but , as we had very little convenience to write , and all were anxiously looking for land / determined never to go to sea again in such a vessel , it was neglected , and after landing soon forgotten . : The only place that we had as an apology for a " petty , " was a part of a tub , stuck , close to the bowa of the vessel , under the "boatswain ' s forecastle" ( I think that is its name ) , a place not four feet high : and to get to
this we had t » scramble over the windlass and two or three anchors , which made It impossible for any female to go , and likewise many males . This caused us to have dreadful work in the ; steerage ; but the Captain cared nothing for what we endured there . He scarcely ever left the quarter deck , and never once looked down the hatchway . The coals too ( a lot of slack ) were stuck in one of the most unlikely places , a dark hole that had been a sailor ' s bunk ; and we were not allowed a shovel to lift them , but had to scratch them up with our hands ia the best way we conld ; sad with the same tools threw the ashes overboard .
I am ture the interference of Chovemment is strongly required for the protection of Emigrants , to sea that vessels taking such have sufficient room and convenience . I dare say they think tn&dent has been done by a late Act of Parliament , which compels Captains to take on board a sufficient quantity of provisions , and to supply each passenger with a pound of bread staffs daily . This makes it worse than before . They are generally supplied with bread of an inferior quality for which they pay an additional passago money and which hardly can be us . d . I saw several that had arrived in New Yurk , by the ship Siddons , who were compelled to throw all they got of the Captain overboard . I remain , Yours , very sincerely , To Mr . Pitketbly . Robert Andebson .
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one signature t p petition , or one vole , elebloral or legis-UUive , to forward the Repeal of the Union !! Mr . O'Connellstates that which he must kaow to be false , when he charges us with tyrannically opposing any meeting teKing place except for our own purposes , jfc will be sufficient refutation to point to the irinamerable meetings that are now being held in England in support of the Repeal agitation . Ask the Sheffield Repealers if we have opposed their meetings ? Appeal to your countrymen in this town and they will tell you that we set them the example ot -holding . meetings in support of Ireland's Legislative Independence ; that without waiting for them , we ; teofc up the gauntlet thrown down by the tyrant aristocracy , and were the first in Sheffield to raise tae gathering shout of «• Repeal and Justice to Ireland . " ; .
The second charge is , that at one time the Chartists avowed physical force . That Chartist leaders have maintained the right of the people to ' resist force by force , we will not deny . Nay more , that they may have maintained ! that the means which an O'Neill , a Wallace , a Telli and a Washington , scrupled not to employ to liberate their respective countries were quite as proper to be : employed by Eagliahmen as by the people of Ireland , Scotland , Switzerland , or America , w « are noV ashamed to confess . In page 442 of the Nation , ia a description of the " Volunteers New Card . " We should likejto know whether Mr . O'Connell feels scandal ) Z 9 d at the portraits of the Irish monarchs and chieftains , given on the said card ? We have not
heard that Brien , ! the Hero of Munster , or Hugh O Neill , " the hope of Ireland , the terror of ISngland , the conqueror of Clifford , Norris , Do Burga , Bagenal , and Essex , " everscropled to "avow physical force . " We request Mr . O'Connell to read an article in the last Nation , headed •! The Morality of Wari" He will find some good sense therein . Lastly , we request Mr . OConnell s attention to his own speech at Cork , and the speeches of others of the Repeal'lleaderB , which , whatever may be'intended-by the speakers , ia denominated in this conntry as rank physical force" by the enemies of Repeal . Mr . O'Connell should remember that it is not safejfor those who live in glaaa houses to throw stones . <
Bat we have committed the heinous offence of petitioning for the return iof Frost , Williams , and Jones , " who werefound gniltyjofhigh treason . " Paha J so were all the patriots of Ireland , who dared to defend their country's liberties , froiu the invasion of the Normal * Barons down to the reign of Castlereagh , guilty of " high treason" in the estimation of English tyrants . Yes j but Frost , Williams , and Jones were duly tried , and found guilty of *« liigh treason . " So was Robert Eramett 1 and , had that unfortunate but immortal patriot been spared by his executioners ; if , instead of murdering htm on the scaffold , he had been banished to Now South Wales , allow us to aBk ; would ifc- not have been the doty of every ' true Irishman to have petitioned for Emmett ' 8 xeatuiation , though he had been found iuilty of ' -high jtreason" ? To be gdilty of "high treason
" against tyrants is to be guilty of the noblest virtue of humanity 1 Our fervent prayers are that Irishmen may never more be hunted through the world as traitors , oi punished on the scaffold as rebels ; but we warn Mr . O'Connell that success er failure makeB all the difference . The patriot triumphant is a " glorious revolutionist ;*' but the patriot defeated ia a " traitor . " Does Mr . O'Connell know that the Tory press writers ate denouncing the Repeal agitation as " treason , " and calling for his punishment as a "traitor" ? Heaven forbid that we should ever have to petition fc ^ banished Irishmen ; but if ia the book of fate It should be so written , English Chartists will not be unmindful of their duty ; and in the meantime we beg to assure Mr . O'Connell that we shall continue , aa heretofore , to use all constitutional means for the restoration of our uDJaatly expatriated friends .
Mir . O'Connelfs { third charge against the Chartists , Ib , " that they are 'the greatest set of blockheads that ever existed , *'— -his reason— " that they are not' satisfied with obtaining their deniands by degrees , but insist on obtaining the whole at once . " Mr . O'Connell now calls the Chartists " blockheads , " though he has said that , "He who is not a Chartist is either a knave who profits by the evils of misrule , or \ a fool upon whom facts and reason make no impression" ! As to our refusing to take our demands by degrees , it will be time enough When we are offered part of the Charter and refuse to take it ( as a means ef getting the reat ) for Mr . Q ConneU to abusu us . In the meantime " the Charter , the whole Charter , " is our rallying cry and bond of strength .
A number of influential persons have lately joined the Repeal Association who are avowed Federalists . What if the Federalists were to abuse Mr . O Connell for cramming the whole Repeal down their throats , ond for not agitating for less than entir « Repeal ? Mr . John O'Connell ' s doctrine , that if forced t » take Federalism , the Rspealer jwould do so but only as an " instalment , " While they will agitate only for ' total Repeal , is good . The Chartists have never said they would refuse a part of the Charter if forced upon them instead of the whole ; but they would be " blockheads" indeed to agitate for less than the entire of what they conceive to be bare justice . Mr . O'Connell says we are weak . The best answer to that ia , that the Rspealers in England know the importance of our co-operayion , and are happy to have and thankful for our aid .
Mr . OGonnells' last charge that the Chartists are Tory tools , or in the pay of the Tories , we will not deign to reply to .- The calumny is too silly , too Whiggisb , to be treated seriously . We fling it back with the scorn it merits . ; We have done with Mr . O'Conneli ' s speech . We pass by the letter of Mr . Ray to the London Repealers on which we might have commented , but that we think the columns of the Nation may be be better occupied . As to poor Tom Sieele , his ravings about " miscreant Fearguaites" are beneath even contempt .
We have one fault ; to find ' with the Nation and but one . That if , the wholesale denunciation ot Englishmen under the terns " Saxon . " The Editor of the Nation must know that the term is altogether ; misapplied . The first invaders and desolators of Ireland were Normans or the direct descendants of the Norman banditti . The Saxons had been previoustyreduced and subjugated before Ireland was inyaded under Bunry II ; ., a Norman King . Some of the wisest lawa and noblest institutions that were ever jestablished in any nation were the Work of the Saxons ; but these wore all violated and trampled on in England by the Norman spoilers long before the iovasioii ; of Ireland . Would that we had Susan justice instead of Noruiaa oppression in the present day !
Why should Englishmen be denounced simply because they are Eaglishmen 1 Mr . O'ConneU , according to his speech at the Drogheda bauquet , haa but one million of enrolled Repealers , though he demands three millions to achieve his object Can he then afford to make enemies where he should be gathering up friends ? Why not act upou the sublime sentiment proclaimed by Mr . Grattan , at the above banquet : — " We hold out the right hand of fellowship to all without distinction of creed ; and we are willing to make up past differences with the EDglish ?" . We can assure the Editor of the Nation that hearts panting for Ireland ' s redemption beat not more fervently in the breasts of Irishmen than in those of tens of thousands of the much abused E . iclisb Chartists . .
One word more . , The sympathy and assistance of Americans and Frenchmen is courted and received with thankfulness : — yet the former are the defenders and toleraiors of slavery , and tho latter allow of the existence of a despotism scarcely less hideous than that of the Russian Autocrat E von the bloodstained Orange faction , —the Clones assassins , and Dungaonon wreckers , —are courted by Mr . O'Connell to join the Repeal agitation ! All—all are welcome but Bnglisb democrats , whose principles teach them that " where one nation i « oppressed all ate oppressed ; " ami . that " men of all countries are brothers , and , the people
of each ought to ( yield ] one another mutual aid "—They are excluded , slandered , and suit upon [ The man wbo seeks tojperpetuate religiousanimosities is a monster ! and he who seeks to uphold national antipathies is but little better . In conclusion we beg to assure our Imh brethren that caumny shall not deer us from the performance of what we know to be our duty , but that to the best of our ability we tire determined to aid and assist them by all legal and constitutional means in their glorious struggle for the Repeal of the atrocious Act of Union , and the restoration of their country ' s freedom . Gkokg e Ev i n SON , Chairman .
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HARMONY HALL . &ETTER XVI . TO THE EDITOR OF THB NORTHERN STAR . Sift , —I have , in this letter , to commence some remarks en the Preliminary Charter , set forth by Mr . Owen ; but before doing so , I must refer to the letter of Gracchus , in this day ' s paper . I again admit most freely the defect of electing the Presidents , and shall be glad to have pointed out to me bow this can be avoided ; but tbe difference between the election of an individual in each locality , to form the centre of the Association ; and that of having a number , however well-informed , who may be most conscientiously of different opinions , as to tbe mode in which they should proceed , must be admitted by Gracchus to be very different . -
A reference to my letters wilt show that the society I propose to establish will be universal in its objects j and it is utterly impossible for any society to proceed on universal principles , unless all is done in a spirit of unity . Thisuuity will not admit of the differences of opinion which must inevitably result from elected councils . The more powerful the minds , the more likely are they to neutralise each other , and prevent an advance being made . , Gracchus givts a Kst of checks and preventives which are , I too well know , most necessary at present , even
among those who are professedly associated-, for the highest and noblest purposes ; but tbe times will soon imperiously demaad faiv more trust and confidence to be repossd in thoie who shall lead as from the misery in which all » re now involved , to that peace , and happiness which may immediately result from one strong united effort , having the happiness of all in view , directed by persons well acquainted with the sciences of human natuie and of isociety , acting in that unity which these sciences will ensure , under one strong and vigorous mind .
I am well aware that the subjects I am to treat of , and the manner in which , as parts of one great and comprehensive design , I am obliged to write of them , may render me , for a time , difficult to be understood ; but as tbe subject progresses , 1 have strong hope of ren-
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dering it bo clear and intelligible to those who will attentively peruse these letters ] , that we shall soen see a cleat and distinct path before us , which will lead to the happiness of all . 1 In the meantime , although I write for universal principles and universal objects , I am well aware of the transition or Intermediate processes , through which men ' s minds must ^ ass before a desire for them will fee general But we live in no ordinary times : the events of years are now crowding into weeks , and even days . Old things are passing away ; and what appears powerful to-day , is to-morrow weak andlwithout strength . The human mind is now being greatly expanded , and the confusion of existing arrangements is very evident . The rulers of the people are in many * espe « ta far behind them in intelligence ; and when the great body shall shall have learned how to organise their strength , on sound principles of eqaal justice to a , U , they may immediately begin to enjoy everything necessary for their comfort , well-being , and happiness .
If we look to the events of the past week , we shall find that there are very strong indications of the Government being unable much' longer to carry forward the common business of the jcountry ; and I would seriously ask whether , as friends of order , we are at all prepared to advise what shall be done for our own preservation . It may be well to ask for such changes as shall prevent oar being longer [ under the guidance of those who are incompetent to ( direct onr affairs ; but have we provided , or are we taking the necessary steps to provide , any who shall do baiter ? The state of Wales appears Iikly soon to be as troublesome as that of Ireland ; and if tbe present stagnation and gloom , which hangs over many large branches of our trade , contiuues ( and there appears little prospect of a favourable change )! we may expect such convulsions as will not fail soon to be strongly felt through every portion of the social f&biie .
I must not , however , continue longer to digress ; my business now 1 b to revert at length to som 6 points of Mr . Owen ' s Preliminary Charter , and show their relative importance , when compared with other objects , which now engage the public ] mind ; and I shall , therefore , commence with the first point , namely—National productive employment for all who require it . ] The first duty required , of whoever undertakes the administration of the affairs ot this country at the
present period , is to find national productive employment for every individual within it who requires such employment ; and this may be immediately done , at good wages , with the greatest possible advantage , both to the employers and tbe employed . Many of your readers will , I have no doubt , be very much surprised at this assertion ]; and wonder if it be true , why such a measure is not adopted : but a little reflection will soon point out the ] reasons . National employment , however desirable , can only be introduced in connection with other measures of vital to
importance , without which it n ^ oald tend increase that financial embarrassment which is now producing such an amount of misery among ] all classes . Let us look , however , at some few national works , which might immediately be commenced , to give those who require it employment , an ' d at the same time produce advantageous results for ( all . 1 st—The whole country should be forthwith surveyed , as one great estate , by tte most practical ana intelligent minds , with the view of ascertaining the extent of its capabilities in every respect , and the manner in which these may be beat developed , in order to provide for the wants of all the inhabitants . This survey to be quite irrespective of the present mode of living , either in towns , villages , jor country residences , as these may all be gradually superseded by far superior dwellings , combining the advantages of all , which in due time all would desire to remove to .
The survey should also include the estimating of all private property , whether lands , bouses , stock , machinery , or any other description ; which should be duly registered , and if required jfor national purposes should be paid for at good fall prieeav 2 nd—As rapidly as these surveyors could report , which by fixing on some central point of operation , and taking care to employ all tbe practical men who aue disengaged , under one superintending mind , ss the chief of this department , might be ! in an incredible short
space of time ; it would be desirable to place upon tbe land , as nearly as possible i » such occupatiens aa their previous habits have fitted them for , all who are unemployed and to give them such ! remunerating wages , as should make them good customers to those who are employed in the other various branches of trade , whilst they are engaged under the instructions of the chief surveyor in carrying out one uniform design of providing a new and Bnperior state ] of existence for man , adapted to the improvements made in every department of science during the last century . )
Under this survey , agriculture , gardening , mechanics , chemistry , in fact every science must be carried to the highest possible extent , for the new arrangements ; and the chief thing that will be wanted to accomplish tbe work will be an additional supply of labourers in every department . j 3 rd—Having a clear intelligible plan or system on which to proceed most advantageously and economically , the people on the land should keep ' it continually iu the highest state of order and cultivation ; and to turn the natural advantages we possess to the best account , we should next proceed to build superior dwellings for the whole population . These dwellings in the same manner as the cultivation of the soil , should combine the
highest inventions of the age ; and should be so constructed as to contain in each family , such numbers , as shall be best adapted to be systematically employed to produce wealth ; to distribute the wealth justly to all when produced ; to train or educate every individual from birth to death ; and to govern all on terms of equal justice to all . j It would be easy to proceed enumerating other works by which national employment could be given ; but as these would occupy not only the people of this country , but of any others that have an idle population ; and as tbe commencement would give an immediate impetus to every description of trade , I d < for from pressing a portion of any subject that mast be self-evident to a ?/ who reflect : and I would here ask what , is the impediment to tke task being immediately commenced ?
To this I reply , nothing but a , want of unity in the public mind . Tbe advantages to every individual nmbt be so apparent that none can seriously contemplate : the proposal without desiring to sea it effected : but every one will begin to cry out for its being done in his own peculiar way ; and it is here that my friend Gracchus , must , I think , see the advantage of ; having no election in practical matters . J Here is a plain simple plan of giving employment of the most beneficial , healthful , and delightful character to every individual who seeks it—he may have plenty of wages in order that he may create ] a demand for those who are now clamouring that we may be allowed this or that mode of producing cheaper , and of exporting to every distant country while our own people are ill fed , ill clothed , ill lodged , and have a gloomy prospect for the future before Ahem . i Some will perhaps ask , "Where is the money to come from that is to pay the wages ? " and in due time it will be for me to shew this , which is as easy as any other
portion of the subject . In the meantime I will ask the impatient , " cannot paper , or any other material , equally as well represent labour , er fixed wealth , as gold and silver ? " The representation of wealth is the only value of money . j Others may perhaps say , " Are we to wait for the com * pletion of a national survey which ia only to commence after our present rulers have agreed ] to grant one ? ' To this I would reply we should wait for nothing . Let us use every exertion , but let it be made in the pursuit of great , noble , and universal objects ! Whilst we content ourselves with petty , trifling ( personalities , or in pursuing short-sighted and partial measures , we shall find that misery will advance with far more rapid strides than we shall find means to avert it If on the other hand , we can proceed at once to the ] universal ; see in every human being a friend and brother ; and let every thought , feeling , and impulse , be directed to the promotion of the happiness of all , thenj and cot till tben , will man begin to know in what his individual selfinterest truly consists . Before the survey to which I allude could be made ,
nothing would be easier than for the Government to promise the purchase at remunerating prices , of all the various descriptions of wealth that may be produced for a certain period ; and in every locality , they may readily place upon the land in any manner locally convenient those who are not otherwise provided with employment It would be pleasant to proceed at much greater length with this subject , but my usual space is now filled , and I dislike making my letters tediously long ; but I would here remark , the desire for being employed is natural to man . If beneficial employment be always at command , it will most rapidly improve the habits and manners of all ; for nothing is j so destructive of sound morality as idleness ; and nothing conld bo more economical than for the Government immediately to take such a business as I have nowjrecommended in hand without delay . 1
One thing is certain ; the heavy pressure of necessity is upon us , and something must speedily he done . If any of your readers have a better plan ] before them , no one will rejoice more at it than 1 shall ; in tbe meantime 1 will continue to point oat cither portions of this , as I think it one that may easily be carried into effect { I am , Sir , yoor obedient servant , William CUlpin . Harmony Hall , Hants , June 21 , 1843 .
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THE NATIONAL BENEFIT ISOCIETY . THE CHABT 1 ST MOVEMENT . —OUR PROUD POSITION . TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brothers in Bokdage , —Seeing that all the nations oi the earth have been ill-governed by monarchies , oligarchies , or aristocracies for ages of their existence ; seeing that under them the useful masses have been enslaved and oppressed by the useless few ; seeing that the power of this few most have first begun in small things apparently necessary , and ¦ extend by little and little , through the simplicity of the many and the craftiness of the few ; seeing tha t such' hath been the wermfngs and stealthy glidings of power once acquired , I think we should carefully question the necessity for vesting power in the hands of any man or body of men : and ere we give power to our officers , b ' e sure first that we have power sufficient to check its undue exercise .
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It is these reasons and opinions tbatjhavefactnate-l me in my opposition to Mr . Galpin ' s Imperial President , vested with despotio authority . Fella wmeu , I flatter myself that in the course of my former letters I have produced arguments sufficient in favour of our dearest principles of democracy to eon * vines the careless or tbe waverera , if any snch there be , of the necessity in aU societies of acting thereon . There may be faults in a democracy , more or less ; but they may be removed by a sound education of every child in the state : for when the people know the riaht
they will do it A nation cannot have an interest in doing wrong . A faction may ; a party may . Where a party governs , they are for the most part interested in doing wrong ; in educating tbe children wrong ; in maintaining party and class distinctions . Their assumed or acquired power over the many will beget this inclination to wrong ; a growing Inclination ; until , as in oar country , and indeed all ethers , wealth , honours , and influence are in tbe hands of the few * and labour and destitution the lot of the many . Right and wrong are soon reversed . Wrong is made right and right wrong l
Yes , brothers , a democracy will partake of the ^ faulta of the people . A monarchy of the faults of the monarch . An aristocracy of the faults of the nobility . A class representation ( or extended oligarchy } of the faults , of the electorial class . The first will be interested in well-governing or benefitting tbe majority of the nation . The second in benefiting himself and his body-guard of minions . The third , themselves and dependants , and hired bravoes . The latter , in benefiting themselves at the expense of all the others . Bat , as the Monarch sad Aristocracy may be too strong for them , they will fall on the weak , and make them weaker still .
Therefore , a nation that is cursed with a Mongrel Government will have to endure all the horrors of the worst of hells npon earth ; whilst the triple-headed Cerberus guards the gates , and gloats over their torments t A representative body will of course ever be a reflex , to a > considerable extent , of the electors : tainted with their faults , and tinted with their virtues . But , generally , men of no mean capacities ; for the most ignorant do not choose the most ignorant to represent them , or to do their business . On the contrary , they generally choose those they think more " larned" than themselves , or possess some extra ability suited to the work they want done .
There will , no doubt , be men in all such assemblies far in advance of the age in general intelligence . Such men will find their brother deputies checks to their extensive desires and projects ; and perhaps necessarily so ; for , in some instances , if they backed their plans , they would not be doing their dnty to their constituents , who could not comprehend the advanced plans , and who would therefore mar the work , which wonld thus become so much dead matter , and , for the time , useless labour . These higher intetligencen cannot become ( coders of ( he people ' . But they may be pioneers , hailing the people onwards . '—gkeat spirits , whose lights shine , but cannot be penetrated by those of their generation!—spirits who cry " come on . " The multitude bear , and gradually , but almost imperceptibly , move towards their better views .
But such men must not , therefore , be given the power to rule their less intelligent fellows , seeing that thet cannot , contkoul THE mind ; for by suck vested power ( hey would destroy their own natural powerthe force and weight of their , teaching ; that power , which by its silent secret workings , makes them great , and their labours ultimately triumphant I am prompted to these observation * by the information given at the Congress of the Rational Society , bf one of the members , to the effect that they would not have entertained the idea of such a form of government aa Mr . Galpin advocates , but for tbe purpose of retaining Mr . Owen's services to the Society . Now , if this be the reason , or one of them , I must ( in Parliamentary phrase ) call it a " dangerous precedent" to entrust
power to an individual because we respect him or love him ; power , which so few men are capable of wielding without begetting a love of power . How unwise to break through the golden rule of self-government , or general government , which years and ages have shewa to be so necessary to all associated people , and return to individual or party authority , which history hath proved so dangerous , and the causa of so much evil to tbe human race l Verily this appears to be " advancing backwards , " as Paddy would say . It is with much pleasure , however , that I reeord the fact that there waa a strong , party of democrats in the assembly of Social Delegates , who maintained the necessity of Congress appointing the Council , and opposed to vesting the President with tbe power of dismissing them .
As politicians we have professed and taught the immutable truths of democracy in opposition to the erroneous doctrines of ^ monarchy and aristocracy . We have battled with the right divina of Kings , and the vested rights of nobility ; and have acknowledged none other rights than those that are founded on tiuth and justice . , It was the susceaafal teaching of these doctrines ; tho great party we had created under their influence ; the willingness , zeal , and industry , of our numerous advocates ; the readiness with which they hazarded their liberties and lives in the cause ; the trials and troubles our party have endured , and still stood firm to the
cause , —a strong phalanx rendering fatue all the attempts of Government to put them down ; it was al \ these things , together with the fact that we had lived through so much persecution ; through a Whig ami Tory crusade , carried on to annihilate onr party : it was alUhis that I recorded as ' evidence of a proud p osition / ' and not the barely hazarding our lives and liberties in the struggle , as Mr . Galpin , in paragraph 6 in Letter XIV , assumes . But I too , hope that we shall find " an easier and a better mode of accomplish * ing what-all of ns desire" ; and therefore do I sot forth the necessity for more extended operations being undertaken by the Chartist body .
Paragraph seven says : — " With regard to the theory laid down by Robespiere , it ia quite inapplicable to the universal and etutnal truths on which alone I propoSO that we should form this association ; " aud then . Mr . Galpin proceeds to lay down that " tbe rights , the . interests , the duties of man are all universal ; and it Ls only in proportion as we can embrace this idea that we shall be enabled to progress to that higher aud better destiny , which I believe is ready for us , as soon as we can be sufficiently united to receive it" Now this idea is what Robespierre and the democrats of France sought to inculcate , and to establish their Republic on . It is tbe very . idea on which the Charter is founded . It is what we have been continually teaching ; and if the theory of Robespierre named in tkis paragraph is not
applicable to the three fundamental truths published by Mr . Owen , it is eurelj applicable to this idea that Mr . Q . declares so necessary to our just progression ! Indeed this theory of Robespierre on the rights of man , is as much a fundamental truth as those named by Mr . G . ; and as necessary to be taught to and acted upon , by all nations aa any other truth . There are other fundamental truths necessary to be well understood for the well-being of mankind , to which I shall draw your attention at a futnre time ; for tho present I must conclude by directing the attention of tbe reader to Mr . Bill ' s announcement among his last week ' s replies to correspondents , that he is preparing a plan which he will shortly submit to the Chartists , for
their approval , under which we may establish a Safe Association , it being enrolled under the Benent Societies Act The appearancej > f this plan I anxiously desire . The announcement of it hath given the greatest pleasure that I have experienced for some time ; and I doubt not but tke work will be well worthy of our adoption . For this plan I would advise yon , my brethren , to wait and see it , before you decide the day of the National Delegate Meeting , that tbe good may be done at once , and our society placed in that strong and healthy position so much needed . I remain , Yours in hope , GRACCHC 8 .
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• ' ^ - ^¦^ - ¦ - ¦^ j"v * v- *^* >^^ " ^ i' «^^^^^^^~™ " A Meeting , waa lately held in the Queen's prisoa , Mr . Oastler in the chair , when it was resolved that a subscription b& raised to aid the defence of Mr , Ludford , who had escaped from the prison , in Older to meet tbe question of tbe injustice of imprisonment for debt . Tne assistance of the public tor that purpose is aJso invoked . The Members for Sheffield . —It having ( been understood chat there was a probability of the resignation of our borough members about the close ot the present sessions , we may now state that thftir retirement is not likely to take place at present . With regard to the course they may take next session , it would be premature now to indulge ia any anticipations . —Sheffield Itidevendant .
Providential Escape . —On Thursday week , Mr . John Fearon , painter and paper-hanger , of this town , experienced one of the most extraordinary and providential escapes from death tbat we ever remember to have heard or read of , even in romance . I' appears that Mr . Fearon , who had business at Carlisle , entered the railway train at Maryport ; but , whilst the- carriages were yet at a considerable distance from WigtOU , his hat , by some accident with which we axe notacqnainted , either fell or was knocked off his head . Started at the suddenness of the occurrrence , and forgetting the extreme danger to which he exposed himself , Mr . Fearon made » desperate attempt to catch the hat in its fall ; in doing which , he lost his balance , and was throws to the ground with great violence . An alarm was
instantly given ; but , before the engines could be stopped , the whole of the train had passed by . On hastening to the assistance of the unfortunate gentleman , whom no one expected to see alive , they found him lying quite insensible , with his back quite close to , and' parallel with , the rails—so close , indeed , that the wheels in passing had cut a strip clean out of his coat , from the collar dowu to the skirts , one of which was also dipped away . In the fall , he had lifcewise injured the back part of his head , and other parts of his body ; bnt not so seriously as was at first anticipated . In fact , notwithstanding the appalling nature of the accident , and the injuries he had sustained , Mr . Fearon waa enabled to continue his journey ; and is now , we are hapDy to adW , in a great measure recovered . — WkitchavenH&rald .
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$ gp = In corroboration of the appalling facts here maoe public by Mr . Pitkethly , as to the nature and extent of the accommodation provided tot , and tbe treatment pursued towards , the Emigrants on board of Emigrant ships , we give the following extracts from a letter written by Ms . B » bert Anderson , who left Leeds for the United States at the same lime that Mr . Pitkethly went ost , and who has since returned to and Is at present residing in Leeds . Indeed , Mr Piifcethly and ill . Anderson sailed hi the same vessel outwards , as win have been learned from Mr . P . ' s Notes . It will be seen that 3 ir . Anderson details scenes of brutality and inhumanity on board his ship home again , which are s disgrace to the species , and loudly call for strong interference . Let ns hope that the publicity thus given to them may draw the attention of the authorities to the question , and induce them to devise a remedy . On Monday , Sept 13 th , 1812 , 1 engaged a passage in the ship Sheffield , Cap £ . Allen , master ; we were hauled into tbe river that afternoon , a » d , on tbe following day about noon , left l ^ ew York . We had on board « igbtytwo steerage passengers , two Stowaways , ( persons who have no meaty and stcret themselves until after the ship saOsi : and line * or four Jimmy Dncfes , imen who had
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THE ENGLISH CHARTISTS , versus O'CONNELL . TO THE ED 1 T 0 K OF IHE NORTHERN STAR . Patriotic Sir . —The following letter unanimously adopted at a meeting of tbe Sheffield Chartists , held on the 12 th of June , 1843 , was sent to tbe Nation tor publication . It was posted on the 13 tb , a-. d after a lapse of eight days has been returned into my hands this day , aecomj > anied by a note from a person in the office , declining to publish tbe said letter as not being advisable because calculated to produce further discussion—at the same time handsomely acknowledging the " kind mention" © f the Editor of the . Nation in tbe said letter . : Deeply regretting that that gentleman haa not seen the propriety of allowing the reviled English democrats fair play in bis paper , yet seeing tbe necessity that ' exists of so far as possible setting ourselves right with | our Irish brethren , &t present too widely misled by the Islanders and falsehoods of our shameful calumnitors , I jbaveto request that yon will oblige tbe Sheffield Gbtrttsts by publishing in your columns their letter to tbe Nation . I can tee no evil in a fair discuwion between ourselves and our traducers , no matter who they may be : but a discussion which is all on one Bide ; which allows Our accuser not only to do us an injury , bnt also moat materially to obstruct tbe progress of right principles , is " the very devil" ! a sort of discussion which however consonant it may be with the Eiitor of tbe Nations ideas of propriety , will , I trust , not be countenanced by the Northern Star . I am , Sir , Yours faithfully , Geokge Julian Harnbt . Sheffield , June 22 , 1843 .
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THE CHARTISTS OF SHEFFIELD TO THE EDITOR OF THE NATION . Patriotic akd respected Sir , —It is with inexpressible pain that we address you on the subject of this letter ; but justice to ourselves , aud justice to that cause of which you are tbe = talented , eloquent , and dauntless advocate , forbid ns to be silent ¦ We , the Chartists of Sheffield , have for some weeks past been in tbe h&bit of reading your excellent paper . With delight we have perused ; your soul-stirring appeals to the soul of Erin , to " remember the days of old , " and strive like men for the restoration of their country ' s nationality . Witbfeelings indescribable we have read tbe accounts of the magnificent Repeal gatherings , and the magic eloquence of O'CouneU's orations -, and our hearts heaved with joy at the anticipation of the bright future in store fer Old Ireland . : Mr . O'Connell had repeatedly libelled and most unjustly assailed us ; but tbe moment we beard of tbe threat * of his and his country' 4 enemies , we resolved to throw ourselves into tbe heat of tbe conflict , and to bury in the grave of oblivion all past differences that had hitherto kept us and our Irish brethren divided .
; Our actions have been in accordance with our reBolves . We have held two or three meetings weekly , almost solely for the discussion of Irish grievances ; we have held two large epen-air meetings at which we adopted petitions to both Houses of Parliament , protesting against the dismiseal of Ireland's popular magistrates , and against the passing of the monstrous Arms Bill ; we have adopted an address to tbe democrats of England , urging them to aid and assist in the Repeal agitation : in shert , we have done , are doing , and ( despite Mr . O'Conneli ' s calumnies ) will continue to do , all that in our power lies to help our Irish brethren in their glorions straggle for liberty's trinmph . ; The Chartists throughout England and Scotland are pursuing the tune coarse of true patriotism . And what is the return we have met with ? The strangest calumnies , the most stupid slanders , hespfd upon us by the great leader of the Repeal movement , Mr . O'Connell 3 In proof of this we need oifly refer your readers to the speech of Mr . O'C . at ; the Corn Exchange reported in your paper of Saturday last . ; Mr . O'Conneli's first charge against the English Chaitists , is , that "they are more outrageous tyrants than the Goverment of the Irish Lord Chancellor ; " for they iyransicoi / y oppose any meetings taking place except for their ovm purposes . ; 1 W « suppose Mt . O'Connell alludes to our opposition to the Corn-Law Repealers . We have opposed them , because their agitation is a humbug . Bnt we have opposed them by fair argument aud beat them by the force of convinced numbers . We have never used violence , though the most dastardly violence has often been employed against us . We point to the scenes enacted in Stevenson ' s-square , and the Hall of Science , Manchester , for proof of this ; when Irishmen were set onto assault and wound English . Chartists by the ruffian Corn- Law Repealers , icho tcould not give one shilling ,
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^ THE NORTHERN STTA R . j <
Emgration.
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 1, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct488/page/7/
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