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THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 2. 1843. =========== - = ^
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science avto &vt.
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W>e CoUtev^' $ &oi)oneut.
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C&arttet; %nielU&ence*
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
The Northern Star. Saturday, December 2. 1843. =========== - = ^
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , DECEMBER 2 . 1843 . =========== - ^
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PB 1 ESTCRAFT . CHHISTULN £ KD ISPXDBL SLASPHEXERSPATBRSOK AND KAILET . Bating dosed * out last week ' s article on the subject of the late trials at Edinburgh ^ with an intimation that we would " pause for a reply" to certain queries addressed by us to Johh Hops , aRas Hie Lobd Justice Clerk j and haying up to this iime paused in vain ; we now resume bur reflections upon the proceedings of the worthies who sat to administer the law /* and ef the conduct of those rrbo , behind th « scenes , pnHed the strings of the poppet called "Justice , 11 to gratify their malignant and disgusting bigotry .
Again we ask , where is the consistency of Protestant divines and Protestant laymen , who , with all iheir pretended lore fox religious liberty , stand quietly by and permit the authorities of Edinburgh to incarcerate hones , men in a dungeon without one word of remonstrance , simply for exercising the * right of private judgment" which right these Protestants pretend to advocate 1 We tear about the intolerance of the Catholics in the palmy days of their power , when Priestcraft hung like a mighty ineubn 3 on the mental energies of man ; and often haTe our feelings been lacerated by the recital of
the dreadful deeds of the " holt iSQuismos , " and the horrid butcheries of the auto'de-faes : —but the eeds of modern Protestant religionists show that the same spirit still lurks in their narrow heartSj and is only prevented re-enacting the horrors of the past by that curb to snparstition and fanaticism , — £ > ' 0 " 5 tledg 3 . How inconsistent ib man ! Only a few weela ago thevery persecutors of Patebsou were denouncing in the fiercest language the " persecution" of one of their own stamp , Dr . Kallet , and invoking the aid of the Government to rescue ihe Doctor and demand satisfaction of the Portuguese GoTernment for his arrest and detention in
confinement . PiTEBsos and Robissos are punished for "Blasphemy , " i . e . for opposing the religion of the State j but this is jnst what Dr . Kaxley had done . If it be just to punish the former , it must be equally just to punish fhe latter . Be it remembered that an ** infidel" is a 3 iA 5 , and has the same right to express the convictions of Ms mind as Dr . Xallet or any oiher member of society . u If I believeth not as ihoa beliereth , it is a proof that thon believeth not as I believeth : and where is the earthly power that can decide between us V *
But what has been the treatment of Dr . Kuxet , about whom such an out-cry has been made ! and what is likely to be the treatment of the Edinburgh " Infidels" ! In reply to the former we give the following extract from a latter dated Madeira , Ociober 2 nd , 1813 : — " Dr . Kalley remain * in prison ; bat it is understood that the British goTerament haTe interfered , and that he mil soon be liberated on bail . There is no donbt that the proceedings s ^ gsinst Kim are both technically and coostttutMHiany illegal * and evidence , is wholly ¦ wsaSug to substantiate thfi charges of blasphemy ; Ac ,
vhlch they hate brought against him . His imprisonment tool place during the absence of the , superior judge at XtBbon , whose former decLriona were reversed bj his loeam Unens . an inferior officer 1 The proceedings against his converts are founded on a certain ' Balls do Cea , * fulminated by Clement the First ( I think ) , bnt 'which was nullified in the Portuguese dominions in the last centmj ; and it -was enacted at the time , that soy ene pcrsecuting another oodei this Sail should be listed With the royal displeasure , endure confiscation of all his property , loss of naturalisation , &c So hsartfly tired are they of the false position in which they hare placed themselves , that it has been intimated
to DtKalley that he may leave the prison tchen he pleases : but iScethc apostle , he declines to doihisexceptinapublie foi-m- In the mean time , the cause is much advanced People are convinced that that vatsi he good / or which he is context to suffer . Curiosity is excited . 16 . 000 tracts have "been distributed . There i « not a Testament to be had for lcrre or money ; ana Vie people jlock lo Die gaol from eishi in the morning till nine at night , and are admilled by threes lo see him . He reads , prays , and sings trith all ; so ihat actually he is toorking harder than ever Be has xscelxest booms , which the Camara voted him i Mbs . Satlet lives with hih . His mother asp sistss . abi thkbe ah DAT . He has his BoSca ( stock of medicines ) , and sees bis patients , tc . &c "
It was stated in the Edinburgh Courant -that Tsxzssos and Homssox had had their heads dared , and been set to stone-breaking . This has been denied by ihe Caledonian Mercury ; and we hare since seen a statement that they haTe been remoTed to the Penitentiary at Perth . One thing-is csrtain , that the degradation of the prison dress , andaH the barbarities of " prison discipline " -has been , and will be inflicted npon them .
Compare this wiflr the treatment of Dr . Zatlet , to whom it "h * a been intimated ^ that he may leave ihe prison vshen he pleases ! " Think of ** the people being admitted to the gaol to him" with whom he is allowed to " read , pray , and sing , " so thai he is working harder than ever "—at Ms Blasphemy Think of Paiebsos applying to be allowed to have the people of Edinburgh or Perth admitted to him , B from eight in the morning till niae at night , 3 * that he might instruct them in his Tiew 3 ! "And think what long faces all the " saints" would pull , at such an impndent" and ** diabolical" application 11 Dr . Kaixet is by trade a doctor of physio , and
ia allowed by hi 3 " persecutors' to have bis stock of medicines -with him , and see his patients : in short , is allowed to turn the gaol into < i doctor ' s shop ! Think of Patbbsou and Hobixsos applyiBg to be allowed to have their stock of mental medicines in the gaol ! be allowed to see their " patients / ' and turn an honest penny by ihe sale of their wares 111 Ah ! they may apply , but they already know the answer . llJ can teU you " says Johs Hops , ihat you have not the least chance , for getting any reTief . " ! Think of Dr . Xallej being allowed " excellent booms / ' that ** Mrs . ILsXLET LIVES WITH HTK '—and that ™ HIS MOTHEB
am ) siSTEB abe with him Aix dat /* and think npon the compassionate , HEBCJTXJI * , PRAYING fudge ' s sentence upon Patebsos , which foreibly reminds ns of that of Tbesilia 5 npon Jom » Bali .: — —— " Whereas yon are accused before us , 01 stirring wp the people » o rebellion , Axdprexhbig to them strange and dangerous doctrines ; And whereas yovr behaviour to the Court Has been most insolent and contumacious ;
* * I condemn you To death : you shall be hanged by the neck , But not tni you are dead—your "bowels opened—Tour heart torn pat , and burnt before yoni f ace—Your traitorous head be severed from your body—Tour body quartered , and exposed npon The city gate *—a terrible example . ' And tht Lord God have mercy on yoursoni lli - SOTTEET
"We notice a paragraph in the eolnmns of a local contemporary in which the writer < 5 omplains most bitterly that the authorities of Madeira are seizing Protestant versions of the Old and New Testament , with a view to " extirpate" the * heresies and blas ^ phonies" propagated by Dr . Eallbt with ihe help of these works ! But where was our contemporary ' s holy indignation when like seizures were made , not some thousands of miles away in Madeira , bnt onlj some two or three hundred from Leeds—in the City
of Edinburgh ! Our contemporary will perhaps say that the bookB seised in Edinburgh were " blasphemous , " thaVs matter of opinion . The Priests of Madeira hold that lh » Troissim . nl version of the Bible 13 "blasphemous / ' and that they were doing Goi > semes ' in seizing aad destroying each dangerous tad peraicions books . " * 'Ah , bat that ' s priestcraft . ' Judge of men by their deeds ; and we ^ shall find that ' tis the self-same * craft" and spirit manifested in ihil country , as in Madeira , "when books are seized and men east into prison .
Forget not , too , that Patkrsos is dad m & felon ' s dress ; condemned to live npon the coarsest of food ;' exposed to cold ; a miserable cell , and bed of straw , ' by . way ol bringing hhn to a " penitential" state ! That he is compelled to herd with the refuse of ) society , and exposed to &b insults and brutalities of R filthy dungeon villains / ' and then blush if ye CSn , ye priestly oppressors , and Pboiestakt betrayer / ., of the principles of "Civil and Religious Liberty" »
We direct ihe attention ef oar readers to the resolutions and petition adopted at a Public " fleeting at EdMrargh . in connection with Eosiy sow and
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Patebson ' s cases . "We would recommend that similar meetings be holden throughout the country There is a pressing necessity that this should be done . We hear of a new-hatched combination just cracking its shell , got up for the purpose of pr&-venting the circulation of blasphemous publications by public legal prosecutions . " The parties getting up this * ' new more , " style themselves "The friends of the Church and of social order . " We hear , too .
t that included in this list of friends " of social order " ¦ are a number of Dissenters , " Civil and Religious ] Liberty" men J and that certain " weighty indij vidnals" ia the West-Riding of Yorkshire are j amongst this band of ( woold-be ) " Holy Inqaii Bitors . " At snch a time then it behoves the friends j of " free thought" to be up and stirring , and everyj where oppose , by all moral means at their disj po 3 al , any increase of priestly power , or revival of ' priestly persecution .
Blind and bigotted must these men be , or they wonld see , that , as in the case of Dr . Kally , their efforts to " put down" must greatly accelerate the progress of the opinions against which ! they hare drawn the sword of the law . The persecution of Dr . Kaixey has , we are told greatly increased the number of his converts and rendered him a formidable opponent to the Popish Priests of Madiera . Well , what guarantee have the persecutors of Patebsos that like causes will not produce like effects ? What surety have they that people will not be convinced " that that must be good for which men are content to suffer" i Let them dungeon !
They might as -well try , like Dame Fabtikotos , to mop up ihe Atlantio , as hope by such means to stop the progress of free inquiry ! " How slowly has reason extended her empire in Europe ! And why ? Because she has been persecuted in every step of her progress . The priesthood of every denomination have , from the first , leagued with Kings and Nobles to prevent her triumph . Every means has been resorted to , to keep the people in darkness : mystery in politics j mystery in religion , and common sense kept at a distance * Reason has been given to man to enable him to distinguish truth from error ; bnt the Bpread of truth is never permitted , so long as it is in the power of
the clergy to prevent it . " Words most true ! the proofs , alas J ab ? und on every side . See in France , while Xxsgchait re-erects , not one , but a multitude of Bastiles , to preserve itself from the assaults of democracy , Pkizsicbaft is at the same time employing all its energies to recover its ancient power , and again trample on the minds of mankind . Behold the wretched state of Spaijj , where the priests are once more in the ascendant , and liberty has again succumbed with the downfall of Barcelona . And then ( not to pursue the subject further at present ) turn to Italt again " lost and won , " writhing in blood and chains at the feet of a
" Cowl'd and hypocrital monk , Who prays , curses , and deceives . " We had thought that Napoleon had trampled tor ever out of existence that hellish monster " the Iniquisition "; but it wonld appear from an article which will be found in another column , headed , a Cathonc Persecution of the Jews , " that we have been mistaken in that supposition . The appearance of snch a document as the Edict" of the " Inquisitor-General" of Anoona , tells badly at the present moment , when Mr . O'Coxnell is daily Taunting of
the tolerance and liberality of the Catholic Church ! At a late meeting of the Repeal Association , Mr . O'CosciEiL suggested " that the words of Edmund Bubke , which the Banner of Ulster had selected for its motto , should be adopted by the Association : "That teligim is the basis of , civil society and the source of all good and comfort . " This proposition , like everything else proposed by the " Liberator" (?) , was , of course , receivedjvithout objection , and adopted as a the motto of the Association . " The words , as stated above , are those of Edmund Bubkb , the pentioned tool of the Aristocracy , who showed his ideas of " religion" by his political aposttcy to maintain
and preserve the Throne and the Altar . The Banner of Ulster is { we believe ) a red-hot Covenanting , Cromweliian , Presbyterian paper ; hence its ideas of " religion" are not very likely to be in accordance with tho 3 e of Damel O'Conheix , the feTourite son and hope of the Romi 3 h faith , for whose safety we are told mass is performed , and prayers offered up , every day in the Vatican , by express orders of the Pope . " Religion" may be M ihe source of all good and comfort ; " bnt-where , in thi 3 wicked" world are vre to find it ! We shall not have far to go to find cant ; but where shall we seek for ** Religion" ? Shall we go
to Edinburgh , among John Hope and his crew ! Or shall v ? e go to Dublin , where the motto is adopted ? If so , we shall find that Trash Gbegc and his associates say that the Dublin Rotunda religion 1 b the only correct one ; M the only source of all good and comfort / ' and the only one fit to be " tbe basis of civil society" ! The Dublin Protestants denounce the religion of Daniel O'Cosseix as being " idolatron 3 and "damnable ;** while he considers that religion to be the only tTue
one , and Gkegg ' s and Co . to be the Tery opposite . "Who ' s to decide , when doctors disagree ; V We don ' t know that any of our friends are in want of mottoes with which to decorate their Halls : but if they should , and would like anything on this question ; then , instead of the one above , we would re spectfnUy suggest the fo'lowing : taken , not from one of Patebson's " blasphemous" publications ; not from any " infidel" book ; but from a very " respectable" work , reviewed in our last— " Hoxcitt ' s History of Priestcraft : '
H We have seen nations sitting in the region of darkness , because their PRIESTS shut up knowledge * in their selfishness ! ** We have seen slavery and ignorance blasting ^ TO-DEB THE GUIDANCE OP PRIESTLY HANDS , millions upon millions of our race , and making melancholy the fairest portions of the earth 1 " We have listened to sighs and ihe dropping of tears ; to ihe voice of despair and the agonies of torture and death ; vie have entered dungeons , and found captives wasted to skeletons teith the years of their solitary endurance ; vre have listened lo their faint whispers , and have found that they uttebed THE CBT 7 ELTIE 3 OF PRIESTS !
" We have stumbled upon midmghi tribunals , and seen men stretched upon racks ; torn piecemeal with fiery pincers ,- or - plunged into endless darkness by the lancing of iheir eyes . AND UPON ASKING WHOSE ACriONS THESE WEBE—WE WEBE A > 5 V > - £ BED— 'THE PRIESTS' !! " We have visited philosophers , and found then carefully concealing their discoveries , which would suddenly have filled ihe earth with light , and power , and love , because thet knew the PRIESTS would TUBN ON THEM IN THEIB GSIEDT MALICE , AVD DOOM THOI TO THE FIBB OB THE G 1 BBBT !
" We have walked among women of many countries , and have found thousands lost lo shame , rolling uanton eyes , and uttering hideous vords . We have turned from them with loathing , but have heard them cry after us , as wt went— Oub hope is in the PRIESTS— TEST ABE OUB L 8 TKKS , AHD DEPE ^ DEE * TEOM ET 5 B 5 AL TIB * ' 2 " We have entered the abodes of domestic love , and have stood petrified to find even there all desecratedpurity destroyed—faith overthrown—happiness annihilated and n was the wobk op PRIESTS i
" FuiALXt , we have seen kings otherwise merciful , EfSTlSATKD BT THE DSTJUSH LOGIC OP PBJESTCBAPT , BECOKK THE BUTCHEBS OJ THEIB PBOPLB J Qwfltf , oth / rwise glorious beCOHB tybamts and execu-H-OKEBS ; and people , who would otherwise have Hved in blessed Aoroions / , wabbikg oh each otheb . -WITH IXESIIKGOTSHABLE MALICE A 2 TD JSOUKDIESS BLO 0 DTHJBSTINESS J AJTD BEHOLD ! IT WAS
PRIESTCRAFT , THAT , WINDING AMONGST THEM LIKE A P 01 S 0 NOU 3 SERPENT , MADDENED THEM WITH ITS BBEATH AND EXCITED VflTH FIE 3 DI 5 H EYES , OTEB THXIB H 0 BBIBLK CAB 5 AGB !"
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Our " motto" is somewhat lengthy ; but it is the M World" of PrieBtcraft " at one view , " proclaiming in the imperishable words of truth and eloquence , the Bart of w good" and u comfort , " the frauds under the name of " religion" have inflioted on civil society . " Bat , " A . brighter morn awaits the human day !" The time is coming when the human race will look back with horror upon the madness , delusion , and slavery of past and present times ? when tyrants and priests will be known no more , —forgotten in oblivion , or remembered only to be execrated ; and— " Falsehood ' s trade , Shall be as hateful and unprofitable , As that of truth ia now !"
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GALVANIC EXPEBIMENTS ON THE HUMAN SUBJECT . We copy the following very interesting particulars from Mr . William Sturgeon ' s " Course of Elementary Lectures on Galvanism , " lately published : — The first experiments that were made on the human subject were by Creve , who operated upon an amputated leg , which exhibited similar phenomena to those produced in the . detached limbs of other animals . At Turin , many experiments were made upon tbe bodies of decapitated criminals , by Vassali , Endi , Gialio , and RobsL Other similar experiments were subsequently performed by Aldini , both in Italy , France , and in London . Those ' at the latter place were made on tbe body ol a criminal , who was hung at Newgate . The
phenomena exhibited by a galvanised dead man , though not differiDg in character from those shown by other larye animals , are much more calculated to exercise an influence over the minds of the spectators . And , although the physiologist ' s anxious researches stimulate him to make every effort to realize his hopes of resnscitating the snbject of bis experiment , and lead him calmly to a variety of modes of operating on the body , it is by no means surprising that the most horrid ideas should be awakened in the imaginations , and impressions of fear be produced in the minds , of those who , for the first'tim e , witness the extraordinary phenomena ; amongst which we behold forcible and unnatural actions of the limbs , powetful and convulsive movements amongst the muscles of the face , with distended wildly rolling eyes ;
which , combined with the most ghastly grins and distortions of ihe mouth , present a spectacle of the most frightful description . The results of a series of galvanic experiments , performed on the body of Clydesdale , who was execnted at Glasgow for murder , led the medical gentlemen pteBent to infer , that , if certain precautions had been taken , resuscitation wonld have been accomplished , although the body bad been suspended the usual period at the gallows , and much time afterwards occupied in preparatory arrangements for the galvanic process . "An Incision was made into the naps of the neck , close below the occiput . The posterior half of the atlas vertebra was then removed by bone forceps , when the spinal marrow was brought into view . A profuse flow of liquid blood gushed from the wonnd , inundating the floor . " These and several other unnecessary wounds were made in various parts of the subject ,
which rendered resuscitation impossible , with whatever judgment tbe galvanic stimulus had been subsequently applied . ^ Bat , notwithstanding tho severe laceration of the spinal marrow , and almost total evacuation of blood from the body , even half an hour subsequently , a most interesting effect was produced . When one of the conducting wires was placed in an incision under tbe cartilage of the seventh rib , and the other applied to the phrenic nerve laid hare in the neck , having one of the conductors in permanent connection with the battery , and tbe other run over the tops of the plates , in the manner already explained , " full , nay , laborious breathing instantly commenced . The chest heaved and fell ; the belly was protruded , and again collapsed , with the relaxing and retiring diaphragm ; " * which was continued , uninterruptedly , during the whole time this galvanic process waB carried on .
The most successful galvanic experiments on ihe human subject were made on the body of John White , who was execnted for murder , at Louisville , United States . The neck was not broken , and the body warm , and even trembling , having hung only abeUt twentyfive minutes . " The poles of a powerful galvanic pile , prepared for the occasion , were immediately applied to him . He suddenly arose from his bench to a sitting posture . Be soon afterwards rose npon his feet , opened his eyes , and gave a terrific screech . His chest worked as if in respiration . One of tbe surgeons exclaimed , to the mate spectators , that he was alive . Whilst thus standing , another galvanio discbarge was administered , when White , with a sudden bound , disengaged himself trom tbe wires , and jumped to a corner of the room .
Some short time afterwards , be frequently opened his eyes , and his breathing became so regular , that the doctors began to Bpeak to him , but be heard uot a word ; nevertheless , by the assistance of a young medical student , who took hold of his arm , he arose , took a few steps on the floor , and seated himself in an armchair . He appeared overcome with tbe exertion thus made , but was revived by hartshorn applied to tbe nose . He looked like a" man much intoxicated . He seemed to try to give utterance to some feelings , but he could not speak a word . Though now perfectly resuscitated , and every method resorted to for the purpose of equalising the circulation , and save the patient , congestion on the brain , which Increased with rapidity , shortly afterwards terminated his existence / 'f
Tbe phenomena developed in these two cases are of the nighest importance in medical science ; for , notwithstanding the want of success in resuscitating Clydesdale , and tbe eventual loss of White , there appear sufficient reasons for supposing , that both events were the natural consequences of the circumstances connected with the cases . Jn the former case , resuscitation was impossible , for reasons already alluded to : and the fatal congestion which terminated the existence of White was referable to the violence of strangulation , and not easily traced to any other cause , excepting , however , the possibility of the galvanic discharges being too powerful , and injudiciously directed . A powerful battery is never required for any medical purpose whatever , and may , by an injudicious application of its force , be tbe means of y $ i y serious const quences ; whilst a battery of moderate power and properly employed , in
similat cases , would be productive of the bappieat effects . The battery employed on the body of Ciydesdale , which consisted of 270 pairs of four-incb plates , brought into intense action by a solution of nitro-sulphuric acid , was far too powerful for the purposes of this kind . I have already shown , that a tew powerful discharges , or a continuous current of a few seconds ' duration , hasten the extinction of vitality in those animals whose natural functions have been intentionally prostrated and laid dormant , for the purpose of experiment ; and although a battery of fifty pairs , which would produce this effect on a rabbit , but not on a muscular man , that which was employed in tbe experiments on Clydesdale would be capable of subduing the vital energies , which remain after strangulation , even of an individual whose physical developments of organism were of the highest order in nature .
The tumefaction and lividity of the face , produced by the strangulation at the gallows , enforce a strong probability that in no case of that kind would the functions of life be recalled into a natural state of activity , by the galvanic influence . Resusicitation might be accomplished , as in the case of White , but for want of a natural distribution of the blood , and the injuries inflicted on its vessels , directly and indirectly by the rope , might prevent that promptitude and balance of circulation essential to tbe propagation of life , and all tbe evils consequent thereon would have to be apprehended .
Tbe chances of success wonld be very different in those cases of asphyxia , occasioned by the inhaling of noxious gases , drowning , syncope , &c , in which no part of the system it deranged nor injured by violence ; and the phenomena developed during the operations on Clydesdale and White are promising indications of the most happy results being obtainable where the circumstances are of a more favourable description . A few moderate galvanic diBenarjjes , well directed , obliquely through the chest , from the neck on one side , to below the ribB on the other , would diffuse their influence trrough tbe principal organs of life . By these means tbe respi : atory organs might be expected to resume their natural fanctions , and tbe movements of the heart renew their natural impulses to tbe blood ,
Which , in these cases , would not have to encounter those difficulties of circulation arising from congestion and injuries in the sanguiferoas cbaanels—the probable consequences of the rope . Running one of the connecting wires over the tops of the galvanic plates -womld be the best mode of operating for brirging the lungs Into play , and a battery of ons hundred three-inch plate b would be sufficiently powerful to produce the necessary motions of the chest ; and even that extent of galvanic power Bhould not be continued if it was found that by a less power these motions could be maintained . As soon bjb the longs would play independently of the galTanic excitation , the battery aetion ought to be discontinued , and the usual restoratives gradually and Cautiously administered . —Manchetter Guardian .
As English Abt Academy at Bomb . —A letter from Rome , in Ml ? Morning Postj mentions , that " an event is on tbe tapis which causes much satisfaction amongBt the English artists here . The English students have hitherto been unable to follow theur professional avocations without many disadvantages , as the institutes here have not afforded them facilities to carry out their artistic pursuits , not from any want of courtesy , but from actual want of space and accommodation . The British Minister resident at Naples , Six George Hamilton , has opened a subscription among the English nobility and otherB resorting to the Italian States ; and the fund already amounts to sear , three thousand pounds with which it is intended to erect aa academy , in which all English atudenta will be enabled to progress vfith their studies throughout tbe year , and not to be compelled to remain inactive for months , without access to tbe public collections . The establishment is to contain all \ hat ia necessary for their use , also a large .
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^ nJ ^ hK 0 ?* C "« 01 « casts from the antique « i S ™ i works of the most celebrated modern sculptors . < ko .: likewise an extewiive library , " » hf . f ^ , ® : ! » caE 8 .-. The National annonnees «• S ? « M > M * ae Minals from a scientific miMtoo-Ia Greece , Thessal , and Constantinople , which % i * & iZ 8 " an ( » Wi » undertaken at the desire of the Minister of Public Instruction . Amongst the valuable manuscri pts discovered and brought to France by M ^ Minaa must be noticed , Fables by Babryas , a fragment of the 20 th book of Polyblus , several extracts frem Dexippus and Euebiw ; t « o histori an * but little known t < j us , a fragment of the historian Pryaeas , a treaty of the celebrated Gallien which was deficient in ku collection , a new edition ef ^ 9 Op - Fables , with a life or the fabnliat , a Treatise on Greek Syntax by Gregory of Corinth , an unpublished grammar of Theodossins : or Alexandria , a history of the Conquest of Chin * by the Tartara , smd various other works , which have safely arrived at Paris .
Velocipedes on RAlLWAYS .-An Ingenious and very useful invention has jost been exhibited , and its powers tried on the Brighton and Croydon Railway It is called a pedomotive machine , and was conducted by Mr England , the engineer , of Hatcham Iron-works , Kent-road , for the London and Brighton Railway . It weighs ^ about 2701 bs , and is manufactured almost entirelyof wrought iron . It carries four or six persons , two of whom propel it by means of treadles applied on a new and advantageous principle . Its greatest speed for a short distance is at the rate of twenty five miles an hour ; its average rate ia fifteen miles an hour , carrying in both cases four passengers . Its utility on a line of railway requires no comment , as , without the slightest delay , one man can convey a message from station to station , at a far greater speed than a horse express ; and , should there be any fear of its encountering a train , it can be lifted up from , and replaced on the tramway , with as much ease as a sedan chair .
IMPROVED STEAM GENERATOR . An apparatus for the more rapid generation of steam for engines than can be effected by any of the variety of boilera hitherto Invented , when the fire is merely in contact with the outside of the tubes or vessels contalning Water , was some two years since patented by Mr . Andrew Smith , bat the " steam generator" haa not been sufficiently brought befere the public , and we believe is but little known . The principle is simple , but highly effective ; instead of the fire acting at once on tbe vessel containing the ^ water , a body of metal
capable of dissolving at once not leas than three hundred deg . Fahrenheit , is employed as a medium between the fire and generating tubes . An iron vessel is set in connection with the furnace on the samo principle as a common boiler ; near the bottom a series of iron tubes run the whole length of tbe vessel , and forming one continuous channel , one ond is connected to the fi-rce-pump attached to tbe engine , and tbe other with a series of steam receivers , all connected , and to which the aafety-valve ia applied in the usual way .
A compound metal in due proportions , consisting of bismuth , lead , and zinc , is placed in the vessel in sufficient quantity'to form a complete metallic bath , cevering the generating tubes , but not to reach the receivers ; this molten bath is generally kept up to a heat of about 000 degrees , and the pump is so regulated to the size of the generator and power required , that at eachstrofeo of the piston of the engine only sufficient water is injected into tbe tubes to supply steum for one revolution of the crank attached . On the injection of the water into the heated tubes , it is instantaneously converted into steam , passes into the steam receivers , and from thence to the engine cylinder , when , having performed its duty , tbe stroke of the piston injects another sufficient portion of water for the next stroke—thus keeping tbe receivers
continually supplied , without an accumulation of more steam than is absolutely BecesBaty for the proper performance of the engine . The great advantages afforded by the generator are—economy of fuel , lens variation in the beat of the tubes , and , consequently , greater regularity in working , and the absolute safety from bursting , l . OOOlbs ., at least , per square inch , being required to fracture any of the tubes ; and should such circumstances by any chance occur , it would have no effect beyond the interior ef tbe bath , and a new set of tabes could be inserted in a very Bbort space of time . Toe small apace occupied by this apparatus , in comparison with any of the old bolters , being about onetwentieth the usual sizs , is of much importance , and we recommend an inspection by all persons employing steam-engines .
We cannot help considering this invention as ingenious and useful . The economy of space is immense , and the equalisation of temperature much more complete thm has hitherto been attained—a point of extreme importance when tbe cost Of futtl is t&k&n into BCCOUnt —Polytechnic Review .
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THE MINERS OP CUMBERLAND TO THEIR UR 0 TUE& MINERS OF GREAT BRITAIN AKD IRELAND . Frisnds and Brethren , —It iB now more than three months since John Peile , the Earl of Lonsdale'a agent , and others entered into a moat unholy alliance to prevent us from exercising the rights to which as men we are entitled . Yon are a ware that we are not seeking any advance of wages : -we merely Sought to Unite to reduce the hours of labour as a means of elevating our . moral and physical energies . Such was our object We are told by those opposed to us that by joining the Union we will entirely destroy the peace and comfort of our families ; but they never teU us of how much peace and comfort they have deprived us of . Can it be said that robbing the miner of his time , and thereby subjecting him to greater labour for less remuneration
la doing him or his family good ? Nevertheless , we are and have been daily subject to such cruelty . And what has this treatment produced ? Resistance ou tbe part of the men , and a spirit of union that never can be destroyed . We say never ; for since the return from Ireland of our zealous , talented , uncompromising lecturer , Mr . P . M . Brophy , many of those who had returned te their work through the necessity brought about by the tyranny of John Peile , have voluntarily come forward , regardless of the . threats or the test , to unite themselves man to man and heart to heart to support and protect their rights and interests . We are ptoud to say that the spirit is still alive here ; that the oppressed are ( notwithstanding : spies are to be found at every meeting ) rallying to further the cause of Union . But we must say that tbe means of support we have received has been meagre indeed .
Miners , wherever you gather together , make some little sacrifice to aid us , and show to the British Empire that Cumberland , which is a part , shall not be trampled on by the oppressor . The cause is yours as much as ours , and if iost in Cumberland , will eventually be lost everywhere else . We call npon the lecturers of our association to bring our cause before their audiences , and to tell them that unless something decisive be done tbe cause for the present must be abandoned . vThitehaven . —The following sums has been
received from Newcastle-on-Tyne , on the 22 nd instant , for the Cumberland colliers , to the amount of £ 25 , as follows : —Black Boy £ 2 10 ; Netherton £ 1 10 ; Gnrsflold 9 s ; Oakwellgate 8 s tfd ; South Pelew 8 s ; Heworth 14 s £ > d ; tJrpefch 10 a 6 d ; Hebburn , £ 18 12 s I 1 < I ; Quezon £ 1 128 6 d ; Heaton £ 2 7 s B . 1 : North Hetton £ l 118 3 d : Exclose 7 s lOd ; Wylata £ 1 4 s 3 d ; Walker £ l 14 s Whiiley £ 2 4 s ; Nova Scotia 8 s 4 d ; Ravensworth £ 1 ; Snerriff Hill £ l Is 3 d ; Gosforth £ 1 10 s ; Edmondsby £ 2 2 a .
A meeting of the Miners of this district took place on Saturday in Mossop ' s Long Room , Newstreet . Mr . John Harrison in the chair . Mr . Matthew Hatliday gave a powerful address on the restriction question , and was repeatedly cheered . M . 4 RYP 3 BT , Nov . 23—Mr ., Hunter attended a meeting of the Miners of this place . After the address of Mr . Hunter , several came forward and paid in their contributions , and took out the first and second number of the . Miners' Journal . They are a most miserable oppressed ; set of men , being from fourteen to sixteen hours in the bowels of the earth every day ; and , after they have done their hard day ' s work , they have to travel three and four miles to their miserable homes ; and in this neighbourhood the truck system is carried ob , both in the collieries and upon tbe Maryport railway going through to Carlisle . S&veral of our men having been employed upon the railway in the time of the strike in that part ; and you may believe me , that it is nothing short of the Banie system carried on in other parts of the country .
Dearham , Nov . 24 . —Mr . Hanter , agent of the Miners' Association , addressed the miners of this place . At the conclusion , twenty gave in their names to becorse SUDBsribers to the Miners' Jourtial—alao a list of names were taken down to sabacriba to the Not them Star . One man paid down one shilling ; and said , if it were not possible to raise as much a 8 would purchase one ; he would make up the deficiency ; they having had the pleasure of seeing oae copy of that valuable paper , approve of the principles U advocates . The same steps are being taken at Flimby , Maryport , Sea . which I hop © win meet with success .
Workikcjton , Nov . 23 . ^ A delegate meeting of the Mioet 8 of Cumberland was held in tbe New Lodge Room , Washington-street Delegates Were present from ; Cleator Moor , Whitehaven , Parten , Harrington , Workington , Seaton , Djafbam , Oughterside , and Maryport . Mr . Helliday was moved to the chair . Minutes of the last meeting being read , the Secretary proceeded to call over the names of the collieries . Tbe number of unemployed were ascertained to be reduced to 109 , being twenty-eight less than last week , It was then resolved that £ l should be sent to Newcastle , towards defraying the expences of the counsel employed on the trials of Doran and Garraty . It waaalso agreed that one half of the contributions be collected , and sent off to the General Board . Harrington , Nov . 25 . —A . meeting of tha Miners of this place was held in Mr . Musgrove ' s Long Room , it being the first meeting of the second quarter . Mr . Hunter attended , and addressed the audience .
MR . Holliday attended the following places : — Oughterside , Monday . Nov . 20 ; GiUcrux , Tuesday , Nov . 31 ; Dearham , Nov 22 ; delegate meeting , Workington , Nov . 23 ; Whitehaven , Nov . 25 . AA all Of which places he met with go « d luccess .
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MR . WthhiAU Holdgate lectured last week al the following plact < s : |—Nut . 20 , Bradford Moor ; Nov 21 , Four Lane « &ds ; Nov . 22 , Bowling ; Nov . 23 , Thornton ; and has . opened a new society . Mr , HoLBQA . tE wlU visit the following places nex < week : —December 4 th , Beeston ; December 6 th , Hunslet ; December 6 th . Qsvett Common ; December 7 tb , Ossett Street Side ; December 8 th , Daw Green . The Delegate J Mbbtikg for Yorkshire District will be holden on Saturday , the 9 th of December , at ten o ' clock in toe forenoon precisely , at the house of Samuel ] Rombottom , Emcotn Inn , Adwalton . '
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Carlisle . —meeting of the Council of the Carlisle Chartjst [ Association . —A meeting of the above body took place on Sunday last , at their room , Ns . 6 , John-street , Caldewgate ; Mr . Robert Graham in the chair , j The Secretaay read over tbe minutes of last meeting , which were confirmed ; after which , vaiious sums of money were paid in to the Treasurer for cards and ] regular subscriptions ; and we are happy in being able to state , that the number of members is increasing ] weekly since Mr . O'Connor ' s visit to Carlisle . A letter was read from Mr . Baxter , the celebrated author of the " Book of the Bastiles , " kindly offering a copy for tbe nse of the Association . The offer was very gratefully accepted .
The Working men ' s Mental Improvement SOCIETY . ' — The membersland ethers taking an interest in this society , met on on Sunday evening last , at No . 6 , John-street , Caldewgate ; when the following question was brought forward by Mr . Bowman : " Have the Cumberland ballads of the late Robert Anderson , bad a ualutary or evil tfivct on ) society ? " Mr . Bowman went into the question at considerable length , and contended that they had had a salutary effect on soeiety . inasmuch as they had added to the eiijoyment and instruction of the humble classes of the inhabitants of Cumberland ; and were accurate and'grapbic delineations of the manners and customs of the peasantry of that county . He also shewed their moral tendency by reading a variety of illustrations from some of the most popular j ballads : wherein the ruinous effects of a life of folly
and dissipation weze clearly pointed out ; the repose and happiness attendant on a life of temperance and integrity most lively pouirtrayed ; where vice was heldup to public destitution in all its hideousnesa , and virtue and benevolence applauded and recommended . The illustrations were numerous and seemed to produce a convincing effect onl tbe nvnds of tbe audience . There being no opposition a vote of thank * waa carried to Mr . Bowman and the Chairman . The following question will be brought forward and disenssed on Sunday evenisg next , atisix o'clock . Admittance gratis . " WrU the- prosecutions now going on against Mr . Daniel OCoanell and other leading Repealers , forward or retard Sue Repeal of ^ he Union ? " — [ Can on * Carlisle correspondent favomr us with any of Anderson's , ballads ?? :
SA&FORD . —The Chartists of Salford met in tbj&ir rooms , Great George-street , on Sunday evening last * to hear : a lecture from MrJ Brophy . Mr . M'Farlane was eaUad to the chair , who opened the proceeding * with giving an interesting account of a tour which fea had lately made through a part of Scotland . Me . Littler then gave a short address , shewing the necessity of local reform . The Chairman then intrwlneed . Mr . Brophy to tbe meeting , jvrho gave a very eunrge ' tic and interesting address , which was listened towfth much satisfaction . i
BliSTOK . —The Chartists of this locality hav < organised themselves under the New Pfcll ^ j through tu < assistance of Mt M'Grata , who delivered an excelled address in the Social Institution , in Wood-street oi Wednesday last , to an Attentive audience ; Mr Johi Cadley , an Irish Repealer , in thft ehMr . a resolnUoi was proposed , secondedj and ca » rif , d unanimously , ap proving of tbe conduct of Mr . M « Qrath , believing hin to be a fit and proper person to \ 0 \ & the high office o President of tbe Executive . The Star will be rea ( every Sanday and Thwad » / j evenings * at Mr . Johi W lUw & » ;
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\ &S 0 ZMTCH . —On Saturday evening , the Chartista of this place met nt the O Connor Arms , when the following surna were voted— namely , 6 " s . for Mr . Cfaorge White , 5 s . for the Victim Fund , and 5 s . for cards . JtiONnOW . —Golden Lion , dean-street , Soho . —On Sunday last , a public lecture was delivered at the above place by Mr . T . M . Wheeler , Member of the Executive Committee . The ehair was filled by Mr . Philips , Ten new members were 8 nrolled . Mr . Chrorer moved , and Mr . Haimes seconded , a resolution- — " That we higbJy approve of tbe Executive's plan of engaging lecturers ; and hereby determine to render them our best assistance in support of tbe same . " A collection was afterwards made for the veteran , Mr . T . Preston . WHiTECBAPEt . —Mr . Stallwood lectured to a crowded audience in the White Horse Assembly Rooms , on Sanday evening last
MANCHESTER . —At a meeting oi the Chartist Painters of Manchester , held in their room , Watsonstreet , Peter-street , on Wednesday eveniag last , ths following gentlemen were elected as a Committee for the ensuing three months : —President , Mr . William Hulme ; Treasurer , Mr . Edward Hall ; Secretary , Mr . Charles Taylor ; . Mr . W . B . Killierew , Mr . Thomas Doyle , Mr . James- Pbrten * , and Mr . Thos . lee , ITBWCASTW 3 . —Mr . C . D . Stuart lectured on Friday evening , in the Chartist Hall , Goat Inn , Cloth Market , on— " The comparative condition of the United States and England , showing the advantageous position of the Americas People as contrasted with this Country . " Mr . S . having been long resident in thu States and in South America , the infermation he
cammunicaied was deeply interesting , and was confirmed by several individuals present who had visited the States . At the unanimous request of the meetfng , Mr . Stusrt delivered a second lectuie on the same subject , on Sunday evening , to a numerous audience , giving the greatest satisfaction to tha Chartists and all who were present . Glorious triumph of the Chartists over thb Free Traders in Gateshead . —The Free Traders of Gateshead had a meeting in the Town Hall there , on Monday evening ; their placard earnestly invited all who were friendly te Free Trade to attend , as they intended to present an . address to tbe electors of Salisbury , who voted for Mr . Bouverie at the recent election for that Borough ; and as the Chartists considered themselves friendly to the only species of Free Trade
that is calculated to benefit tbe starving millions , they accepted the invitation . At the appointed hour , ( eight o ' clock , ) Mr . Alderman Bracket , the gentleman who was elected President of the Giteshead Free Traders , at a hole ami corner meeting of some six or seven of that kidney , ou the Ssfa . inst , walked into toe chair as if by natural instinct , and assayed to commence the proceedings by reading a letter frem Mr . Bouverie ' s committee , and was going to proceed with reading the address , which was ready cut and dry , and only wanted the sanction of the meeting ; but the Chartists bad not been accustomed to have a chairman foisted upon them in that way , and politely asked if they intended to take the sense of tbe meeting in the appointment of chairman ? After some discussion on the
subject it was agreed that tho voice of tbe meeting should betaken . Mr . Cook proposed that Mr . Brackett be appointed cnairman , which was put to the meeting and agreed to . Tbe chairman then read the address to the men of Salisbury , and likewise a resolution soliciting members to the free trade society , at annual contributions of 2 s . 6 d . each , to be paid in advance , so as to assist in raising the £ 100 , 000 . A lengthy discussion took place on this resolution , on which Messrs , Stuart , Gammage , . Ralph Currie , Sinclair , John M'Shane , and others took part—it was agreed to . Mr . Win . Lackey Harle then proposed— " that the address to the electors of Salisbury be adopted by this meeting , " which was
duty seconded . The free traders appeared happy that there appeared no opposition to the address ; but , alas , they were mistaken , for Mr . Cook , of the Blue Ball Inn , Gatesbead , proposed an addenda . They appeared quite chop-fallen . They requested Mr . Cook to modify bis addenda . He stood to his integrity and would not fliueh a peg . Tbe result was that the chair * man declared Mr . Cook ' s amendment carried by a large majority , and at the same time declared that he wonld nov sign the address as agreed to by the meeting . He ran away amid the hisses of the major part of the audience . Three cheers and one cheer more was then given for the People's Charter , and the meeting separated .
STOCKPORT . —On Sunday lasfc Mr . M'Grath of London , delivered a very able lecture on Class Legislation , to a numerous and attentive audience who were highly delighted . Oae hundred and seventeen cards were taken out , and 16 a . collected at the door .
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EDINBURGH . THE PROSECUTIONS FOR BIASPHEMT . A public meeting was held in the large Waterloo RoomB , Edinburgh , on Tuesday evening , the 21 st inst ., in consequence of the imprisonment of Thomas Paterson and Henry Robinson , booksellers , of this city , for the alleged crime of blasphemy , to petition Parliament for the abrogation of the laws under which they were convicted , and to memorialize her Majesty for their release . ( Abort an hour before the time of meeting , the rain began to pour in torrents , and continued so to do all tbe evening , which it was thought would have the
effect of greatly thinning the attendance . But notwithstanding the extreme inclemency of the weather , when the hour for taking the chair arrived , the room was well filled with a very respectable audience of about 2200 persons , anungst whom were several ladies . At the commencement of the proceedings , a few individuals attempted to breed confusion by noisy clamour . The noise was soon suppressed , and the proceedings went on iora most orderly way . Tfeis being a public meeting , all parties were allowed a fait bearing ; the Chairman did not send persons to prison , for attempting to speuK in order , aa was done by the . late Lord Provost at a recent meeting in the same rooms , called to sympathise with Dr . jKulley .
To the first resolution an amendment was proposed , " That this meeting approves of the sentences passed by the High Court of Justiciary upon Messrs . Paterson aud Robinson . " ' This amendment wajs spoken to and supported by several persons from ithe body of the meetiug ; but when the question was put from tbe chair , tbe original resolution was carried unanimously , with the exception of nine dissentients . \ After so signal a triumph , the friends of liberty of conscience had everything their own way , and the resolutions , petition , and memorial were carried unanimously . The meeting did apt disperse till nearly twelve o ' clock , the proceedings throughout were enthusiastic , and will doubtless teach an important lesson to the authorities . j After an address from Mr . Peddie , who was unanimously called to the chair , the resolutions were proposed in the following prrter : —
1—Moved by Mr . Southwell , seconded by Mr . Cummings , " That all penal restrictions upon the tongue or the press , to prevent the utterance or publication of opinion , are detrimental to truth and morality , and to the welfare of society , and that all laws fettering freedom of expression should be immediately abrogated . " 2—Moved by Mr . H . Jeffdiy , seconded by Mr . J . Grant , " That the imprisonment of Thomas Paterson and Henry Robinson , booksellers , of this city , for vending works containing denials of tbe truth of tbe prevalent religious doctrines , is impolitic , unjust , and intolerant . '' ; 3—Moved by Mr . Tankard , seconded by Mr . Sergeant , " That the following petition to the House of Commons , and memorial to her Majesty be adopted by this meeting . ( These are subjoined ) . 4—Moved by Mr . Jeffeiy , seconded by Mr . Sutherlaud , — " That the petition to the House of Commons be presented by T . S . Duncombe , Esq . "
( copy : | op petition . ) To the Honourable the Commons of Great Britain and Ireland in Parliament assembled . The Petition of the undersigned Inhabitants of Edinburgh , in public meeting assembled . HUMBLY SHEWETHi-Tbat yonr petitioners view with much regret and indignation , the proceedings lately tafeen by her Majesty ' s Advocate in Scotland , against Thomas Paterson and Henry Robinson , booksellers of this city , who ; have been prosecuted for the sale of works containing denials of tbe truth of the established creeds , and who on that account , have been sentenced to the terms j of fifteen month's and twelve month's imprisonment respectively , to be treated as common felons . j That such persecutions are totally at variance with the great principle of Protestantism , which gives to all the rigkt of individual ! judgment , and professes therefore to' interfere with the conscience of no man .
That tbe crime of blasphemy , so called , has no fixed or settled definition , but varies with time and place , & » is instanced in the present day , in the lamented prosecution of Dr . Ktlley of Madeira , for preaching the Protestant religion , which ia there accounted blasphemous . The founders of Christianity , the Protestant reformers , and all the opponents of superstitious error have been charged with ! tbe same crime . Indeed , every man who denies all religions but bis own , is an infidel and blasphemer to every religion except the 0 & 9 which he professes . \ . That fallacious arguments against , and unjnat vltnper ations of religion , inny [ be answered by refutations and exposure , tbe people of Great Britain and Ireland support , at an enormous expense , priests and clergymen who are " set in defence of tbe gospel , " whose office it is te repel the attacks of infidelity , and who , if they did their duty , would render unnessary the interference of courts of hw with matters of opinion .
That persecution cannot in this country in the present age , repress any system of doctrine ; and that prosecutions such asthoaeof which your petitioners complain , are found from experience to increase the sale of the works , prosecuted , j That the generally recognised rule of morality , "To do unto others as we would that others should do unto us , " would lead the British Legislature to concede to all classes of Her Majesty ' s subjects , the right of fully and freely expressing their opinions . Yuur Petitioners therefore pray that your Honourable House will take immediate steps to abrogate the statutes under which Thomas paterson and Henry Robinson have been convicted . j And your petitioners , < to ., &c . The memorial to the Q'ieen , a copy of which has been sent us , but for which we have not room , was similar in Bpirit to the ] petition : tbe " prayer" being varied as follows : — :
" We therefore pray Your Majesty to be graciously pleased to exercise the Royal Prerogative of mercy , for the release of Thomas Paterson and Henry Robinson , that they may be restored to their sffiicted families , and that Your Majesty ' s subjects may enjoy the blessings of liberty of conscience . !
C&Arttet; %Nielu&Ence*
C&arttet ; % nielU&ence *
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Moktalitt in the Metropgli 3 . —We regret to state that tbe returns for the past week show a great increase in tbe number of deaths . In the week ending November II , the deaths were 1016 * , while according to the present return they amount to 1230—showing an increase of not less than 214 . Deaths from measles , scarlatina , diarrhoea , and dysentery are still high , but the greatest increase has taken place iu diseases of the lungs and from old age . Tho average deaths caused by pneumonia is ninety , while during the last week it was 199 . The average deaths from consumption at this season is from
131 , while the present return makes it 171 , and , old age or natural decay the numbera have increased from 69 to 100 . In diseases of the lungs tho increase has been more than doubled—the average being 278 ,, while in the week ending November 18 the number was 459 . In almost every complaint to which man is liable there has been au increase . The average for all during the last , five autumns was 903 , while the last return shows an increase for one week of 322 . We have no aocount of the daily mean temperature , as no person has yet been appointed to succeed Mr . Robertson , who made up this part of the return . —Sunof Saturday .
, Infanticide . —On Saturday evening , Mr . Wakley , M . P ., coroner , held an inquest at the Crown Inn , Highstreet , Kensington , on the body of a newly-born female infant , which was found on the morning of Thursday last , wrapped in a piece of cotton , at the side of the path in Ladbroke-grove , Notting-hill . Gutzzironi , the surgeon , who had opened tbe body , gave it as bis opinion that the child had lived some hours , and he attributed its death to neglect on the part of its parent after its birth . The coroner said in that case the neglect amounted to murder . Verdict , Wilful murder against some person unknown .
Robbery and Murder . — -Oo Saturday morning , between one and two o ' clock , a cruel robbery was perpetrated at tbe house ef two aged and infirm persons , named Sperring , situate in the Upper Bristolroad , in tbe parish of Weston , near Bristol . The villains , three in number , made an entrance through the roof of the dwelling , by removing several of the stone tiles . They then rushed into the kitcheu , where they found Mrs . Sperring , and threatened to blow out her brains if she gave any alarm , or made the least resistance , and the poor old woman fainted . The thieves then entered the bed-room of the old man , and , with imprecations , demanded bis money . He offered them a sovereign to leave tbo place , but they refused , aud threatened his life if he did not tell them where he kept his money , stating they knew he had money in the house . One of them pulled out a box from under the bed , aud broke it open , from which they tosk £ 70 Iq money , and a silver -watch , maker ' s name , "
Bullack , " Bftth , With Which they decamped , leaving th © bid woman in a state of insensibility . Spewing who appears to b 8 a man of very peDurioas habits , occupies a detached cottage , which is situate about 200 yards from the Kelston turnpike-gate . His wile being a cripple , and he refusing to allow any person to enter his dwelling , the house presents a most filthy appearance . We are given to understand that the £ 70 ot which he has been plundered , was boarded in tbe handle of an old saucepan , and that an additional £ 20 secreted in some raga fortunately escaped the hands of the burglars . Tbe violence of the ruffians resulted in the death of the old woman , { who is about eighty years of age ) , whioh event toofc place yesterday morning , and an inquest will be held on her body this day . Through the activity of the cifcy police * and the chief officer , Mr . Hall , four individuals are now in custody on suspicion of having been concerned in . tbe outrage . — Devizes
Gazelle-Extraordinary , anb . Lqng-blanke © kobbebt at the Olb . Shades- Tatekn , l&nbon Bridge — The Shades , so well known at Woodin ' s , near London Bridge , was-on Saturday morning found to have been broken into , under very extraordinary chcumstances , and notes-and gold stolen to tbe amount of near £ 100 . That this-robbery has bean effected by the most expert thieves en town , there can be no doubt , and the appliances , which were used show the dexterity , coolness , and perseverance with which the work was done . Since Mr . Woodia's death , Messrs . NichoHs and Pellatt have been the proprietors of the house , and they bave rarely left any aooney on the premises , it being paid intc . their bankers . Eor several mornings previous to-Saturday , Mr . Pellatt thought that the key , whea he placed it in the lock , Ramped up in a very extraordinary manner , and he had it taken off , determined to have
another . Tha ol < l one- was found to contain putty and other things , which led to attli stiongei suspicion . Upon tba policeman going round on Saturday morning , about sis o ' clock , he observed nothing extraordinary about the premises , bnt on passing at twenty minutes to Beyen , it strack him there was a noise in the house . Some alarm seems tohave been given , and it was then found that the lock hafl been replaced by a new one . An entrj was made , and the old lock was found lying In a part of the nail , with a skeleton key in it . There can b& no doabt that ihe plan bad been long organised , and the moulds or the oster lock had been taken , as it bad evidently b * en taken off and replaced . When M * . Pellatt went to
the iron chest in which , on the over-night , £ 70 bad been left , ha found it open , and the money gone . The process by wbicb thte was done was singular a » d artteticaL The key , which would seem to have 4 a « n mad « for the lock , was too small , and a blow pipe , found amongst skeleton feeys and other thing * jew tbe ^ g had been used in order to fit it to the lock and the locJc to it In a corner of the roem were tbe old lock , witn a skeleton key in it , two skeleton keys and a dark lantern . No doubt exists but that tbis robbeij has been planned for a long time , and that , in the absenee © f the watchman , the outer padlook had beeB taken off and a new one put on , while the keys wt > re being made , 4 tj present there is oo cine to the burglars .
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THE NORTHERN S T A R 3 1
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 2, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct510/page/7/
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