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TO THE EMPLOYED.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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2 &f Tkesds , —Xo drcmastance lias so much con-^ need to the impoverishment of your order as the ts
jjyespanslbllitv accorded to ^ gOTernnien and eapL i jaJists in all matters concerning the employment of ] ^ bOTtt hyMalthTEaan ^ philosopheisand political eco- ! jitanists . " Wienerer an assault is to be made upon ^] je -ffsgsof the -Hroiiing man—for now to talk of his } j ^ oaining limits and privileges is a farce—the law ' s | passage to the ioTelis alwaTspioneeredljy some good- i jiatnred profesang Mend , who sees in roar habits and jnode of life , rather than in the law ' s inegaalitr or ike erop Joyes ' s copidity , all those obstructions wKieli
5 tand in the poor man ' s road : in short , that , but for fhemsefres , paradise , in the ^ rords of Mr . Eider , is Trithin the reach of a ! L There is an assumed sympathy and candour in the -writings of those who un-Agtake the championship of labour which have their intended effect upon ' all < iasses of society—even upon a Izrse pardon of the working classes themselves Xhe masters "who profess the largest amount of sympathy towards the employed , justify their reduction of the poor man ' s Tvages upon the feasible pretext that more Than mere competency leads to the dissipation
of a larse portion of that amount which , if expended xmm necessary articles , -would be ample for the support of a family—cay , leave a surplus for hoarding . Henee we find " the Messrs . Chambers , upon whose aamnatle doetrinelamnowaboutto comment , stoutly contending that the greatest amount of comfort is an ine-riiable consequence of the reduction of wages to thai- standard out of -which a pinching existence may he eked ; and that all beyond that mere existence point ji an evil As the Messrs . Chambers hare contrived to amass a very large fortune out of the pence of the
labouring classes , their recentbrutal attack on their- ; exen artier is in perfect teepin ? Tritnthalrehirn which j ¦ i ke morions classes are in the habit of receiving at \ the hands of those whom they have raised from I TK > vertv to affluence ; while the blow aimed at labour . ; ihrouirh the lamented improvidence and dissipation of . iJ > e labourer , lias an appearance « - * candoiir ¦ wim-h , ¦ Vui for the sow justly entertained suspicion vi the t-inv ^ ovod , wvuld lead many to the belief that ibe Me-csrs . Lnanibcrs Had mhtly siatt-u the iiis-.- «• : " im-ir - '" . ipli and T'P" »!> erly a ^ siiu ni thf i-au * es oi thc-ir •! : •» - :- -M- ^ . li ;^ * "> " - v ^ r .-iiJ i " ri-.- ! = d . Mr . < . ;; ial ; :- « - !« --^ . -.- - ^ Vi thf vhIuo ' < i > " £ «" * J a'iv . ^ - ;;« -j ii > i-u ; ;\ -il .. v . ¦ ? - ,.- - ^ -M * a--.- « . JL zh- - r < v :. ii _ - ; Ei ^ 3 : "•» . i ; .. ; . i 1 on : uv-rt . y , T ^ ; : i : ^ : ur : i V . > V . ¦¦« : - , ,. * . ^ - } -. l ^ - * ur > . S ** ' - ! Ii- a * * t T _ , tt * *» vrrLi'r call " - ; v . - . , i -.. iaie < 1 sa-v * xn ~ frvci 2 .-a . ndid frieud ^ . _ -aT j - 22 , 3 f ^ ive me a ib . on . -and times over uit-E . Tuwed and manly declaration of Alderman Brooke—¦ " The Lord love ye . we are all for © nrselves in this ' Tcorld " —in preference to the caudour of the Messrs . Chamber * , who , with mock stntimentalify and ai-, fecied sympathy , tell us candidly , that that labour is j honourable labour which has amassed £ 9 » , W » h re- j ducins wasres to the standard thai will enable the j emp loyer to meet all ihe hazards , liabilities , and j flae ttnrions of foreign and domestic competition . Lest I may appear to over-state or to mis-state the j case . 1 shall give y » u the Messrs . Chambers ownj ¦ words . They = ay : — ]
The viaieanoQ 10 ketp his plate in tie market , causes -ys » mannfectarer to g ive as iiule a = he can . His feelings XirobaMj - would iadsce itiin to gif e tfTerv one a high ; 4 a ? e : t ^ tl " ^ marr £ r ofbnaness , not of feeliog . He ; can iraJj g iTe the wag « wiicb bi > ueigbonrs—lhat is . his , comp uters —?«* - Ii ^ <* & « manmacmrers oSer a . ¦ worinian , su ^ ^ vourself , - > ' 5 . a week , then 1 cannot , - ^¦ re more . Is I -nrere tu ji « tou moiv . and anorbcr , ™ . r * aad so -on , I oouM not mjmuizetnre * o eheajdv . ilv = ^ 63 , and probablj more than mj profit * , vrould be all : Eiren a-JraT . 5 o man in his senses -nill do snch a tiling . Boa t you ' see they are all cf mpeting against e » eh other . ] j ^^ Z ^ to save on ererj item of expenditure , and wages j ami ^ ng tl » e J ^ - ' of
^ iow -what does reader ' . and coming from one of Labour ' s friends too : I can very readily believe that feeling has nothing to do with ihe question , aad that all is matter of business , even ¦ with Messrs . Chambers . A long standing puzzle is , however , salved by the above admission . Many persons -were a » a loss to understand how the English manufacturers have been enabled to amass large fortunes simultaneously with the existence of the poverty of ihax class -whose labour , -we are toH , constitutes from ¦ i-1 v > per * enu of the value of the manufaetured articles in which they deal , and from the traSc in
whieh they have become inordinately and dangerously rieh . as if bv magic . The problem is now solved , however . The Messrs . Chambers have opened our eyes , and fea-re relieved us from all astonishment . From the above paragraph , taken in connection with many viher passages of the 3 Iessrs . Chambers' candid defence of the working classes , we learn that the honourable labour of the capitalist , which is accom-T « arded bv so much anxiety and mental torture , con-Js : s in the arithmetical solution . , as to how far losses insy be sustained upwi all other materials used in manufactured articles , and still a balance may be ' eft in favour of the manufacturer by a reduction of
wagts . 1 preanne the ealenlation is made sumewhal after - . Le blowing fashion r—K £ 2 <> , capital , with an enendiiursfof £ 3 , « iO in labour—that is , seventy hands at £ 1 a-week each—give 12 per cent , profit , what will be thepront upon the £ 20 , WU if the rate of wages i * reduced to 15 s . a-week ? Answer-IB * per cent-, or £ 910 S «) len from the seventy men ; that is , £ 1 : 3 a-head per year—an ample sum to make each independent of the Poor Law bastfle , charity washine , charity exercise , and charity schools . It is not
loo much to presume that the parties—although . Mr . Chambers stoutly denies the existence of partner ship , —whose money-cap ital and labour-capital are so closely welded np together , should have something like a united interest ; but it is rather anomalous , strange , and unjust indeed , that the owner of the capital of £ 1 should make all the calculation , keep all the books , and balance all the account * , as to how he may be rendered secure from risk , danger , and liability , insuring his profits from a reduction in the vahaeof the £ 99 in the labour .
Messrs . Chambers set their laces most unequivocally against labour combinations ; while we discover from the above passage that the poverty of the workman is not , as their advocate would make us believe , a consequent of their own excesses , improvidence , * xrf . dissipation , but a consequence of a combination ^ competitors , who , although not associated toge ther , are- combined by the tie of interest , and gowhich all should
verned , not even by general roles obey but regulated , as he candidly confesses , by that rule of action laid down by the greatest serew amongst lie competitor Thus , if A is one of Mr . Smith s class of 500 cotton sp iders , and if he , with less - rzsosc , " and a better eye to » wraro" ^ J t-roper to reduce the wages of his hands , Mr . bmith snd the other 493 combinators , always ready to
sacrifice " feeling" " bnsiness , - are co ^ xixxnto follow A ' s examp le , for ~ e never find them combinine with the men to resist the reduction of A . The " judges of the land have laid down the law of conspiracvlo mean , that if 10 , 000 per ^ ns have eom-¥ ined foTthe same purpose , that any two of Age , or the whole 1 D , « OO , can *** of two ' s in 5 000 different r » i = ^ w = £ = S ^ F . iSSSS vTS t ^^ odated together for ^ "f ^ ^^ JS ? 2 object 5 . the plunder of ^ Wwnrj ^ B ^ and theChambers ' s of Edinbui ^ h are Attorney and
Solicitor-General to the conspirators . As thistract of the CiBmbers > isthemost v ^ no ^ insidious , and unchristian that has ever yet been pub lishecU am determined not to leave a page , P ^ sentence ^ e , or word in it unanswered . ***?* > Mr . Cham ^ ias been the ^ "le-holder ^ Jnad Mr . Smith While he Has been txannng agamst a kznd of ^ ummv , ^ . Jackson- I ^ ffT ^ T ^ the muxnmv , andbreathed alittlelife mtoh ^ no ^ andbeforeVelosemy commentary , the buffer SmiA , and the mummv Jackson , shall have changed pfcu ** .
Pamphlete , comine from such quarters , are very dangerous , if unheeded and unanswered , in i « > ihe League set -up the Hon . and Ber .-Ba >
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t ile aympathiser and friend of the poor . He trrotc a vast quantity of rubbish , wiDi which he mixed up a vast quantity of sentimentality . His trash was placed in the hands of almost every working man . 1 answered it from my solitary dungeon , when no other hand was raised for the defence of Labour , aud the consequence was , that aD who possessed the trash consigned it to the flames ; whereas , had it remained unanswered , it would have had the effect of strengthening the hands of capital , and of paralysing the nerves of labour . This week I have written the first portion of my reply to Messrs . Chambers' candid defence of tbe sympathiser and friend of the poor . He srroto . 1
the -working classes , and I shall continue the subject until I compel them to retract their "damnable doc trine , " or lessen their amount of Income-tax , paid by gleanings from that Labour of which they are now the most selfish and deadly enemies . In the sixth page of this week ' s Star you will see the beginning and in each successive number you will see the continuation to the close . And for your own sakes , not for mine , I ask yon , if you pass over all else , to read my reply aloud at your several association . -, and to keep your papers as a record of my unflinching support of your order . Tour faithful and watchful friend , Feaklis D'C owor ..
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HiAWK . ! - - ¦ ; - l- i . - r . -i-v - m H .. VI . " - / ...:.., .- ' ' - ,-,--,... ' ... " I "; ll ; A , : .. 1 , !> ¦ -tlj :. -T . till l ' < jj "' - < v . iiiir ; .- ; . ( ¦ ,-,-.. ;' . _ : ! !• : ¦;! : ] i ? v :- ¦ ¦ , ¦ -.-. ' ; , .: n-a Vr » i . ij . in . ; . ¦ . ¦(¦ : a . v ,- ^ . ' ' . iv . - ^ . ri 1 of \\< r ¦ " iitii . ' « of llr- J'i'lici . - : ¦ - . \ : \ r .-lnti-nii I > ; r" » lil " -. n ' t" ¦ . ;!¦ . r- <; i . ; -r-l ! i . 1 ? .. In- r . - UlJir lin i ]•«•>' .. ; i " .: ¦ . ! ' . i , ' - ) ' ;¦ ill : ! a ' -i-hi .- in a _; ,,: i : ji-.. n , r . " !! : ¦ } -.. in ¦ . ;*> j-: : i \ < j-ri-nU-. - f \« tiiii : i . iii' »! i > 1 >\ -urv-ni- < luh ;> n * ' .: -ri ' .- - ai ; J ; i ;' jn > i ; ii » -d lor T :.: it piiri " ^ " - 11 "" ti > lli ' v : r- ^ - - ciium shuiY * : ' : w animus t > l * ii )<« Ji > irn > iiy . i » a i - j ' u > r Kin ::, and huw a " divlaraiion of ri ^ iit > " > o ia > - !\
tvlebratt-d i-an Ik- twisUni to thr n ; i > --t ( ii > j > uti < - i-: i > . It is , however . i » l * a p i « vf with I- u--l . Tin- Fn-n .-h papere Lave been ulled with art- < itmt > of wurU :: ¦ ¦ _ ' nvn arrvstfj ant ! coiitleniiitH ] to hc- 'ivr penaltii-s . » rjrh '; . l > - >» lute ruin and de ^ nidaium . for merely askini : jurluLssion to assemble for the discussion oftnit ] t'Uiti' ; x ' Ni > , and tradi .- ^ rieTanct *> . or thrown into gaol for sevvral months , and then released , -without trial , for U-in _ ' susr » ect « l of a combination . Thousands in Franco lia ^ e an J are now being ruined by such acts , so perfert istlumacliinery of esporaase . And jet , in broad dayliuiit . some five or six lumdk of well-organized robbers are prowling a }» ut Pan . * , rol > bing and murdering every where , throwiiit : the town into such a panic that juries are almost afraid to tind them guiltv . and witnesses can
be procured only with the greatest difficulty to appear asraLnst them . This is the domestic policy of Louis I'hflippe the '" Napoleon of Peace . " Let your readers ponder over these facts , and then , taking up Messrs . Charnbers ' s *• l "> eful and Entortainini : " Tract * , No . 1 . give their fair verdict on that men ecomes not only honourable and legitimate , but a rigounjTi > duty ; ¦ w hen raising the voice on l > ehalf of the oppresspii pi > or . an appeal is made to the tribunal of public opinion , to expose the odious abuse of an authority exisfine only for the protection of innocence and morality . The dit-a that we are about to narrate , established in a public court , took i > lace under the eves of an indignant
people , and if we withhold the names , it is not mrt of regard for the guilty functionary , but in respect for the victim . During the investigation of a police ca- ^ e on the 27 th Nov . last , it was proved that a conmiis * aiy of police of one of the three consolidated communes , under the influence of some vague suspicions , had caused a youmr girl , only fourteen years of age , to be taken from her parental abode , and conveyed to the cabinet ofasurceon , where , spite of her tears . and protestations , lie caused her to undergo a personal examination . Great was the emotion of the auditory when the young victim deposed to this instance of arbitrary brutality , while her recital , begun wiih sobs , was at length totally inaudible by the violence of her fetrlings , aid the emotion of the auditory arose to the highest pitch uf indignation , ¦ when the surgeon added his testimonv that the innocence of the victim wa >
proved by the very act that robbed her of her character and virtue . Her family is poor and hence unable to enforce that reparation which even with money is so little likely to be obtained with such conrts of justice as France can boast of , with such juries , and , last of all , against a coinmissary of police . An outrage so flasrant on the liberty of the subject —an attempt so udious , we must say , not 01 J ) <> n the most sacred right , out on that Imly and eternal feelinsr of modesty , the more invaluable to the daughter of such people , because it is h < r all—this oujdii not to pass unpunished and triumphant . We know not whai pretexts will be alleged to justify a functionary in an act so culpable , but what respe < -t , what confidence , can authority inspire , while it ivmains in his hands ' . What family , with su < -h an example In-fore them , will not tremble for its tlc . irest interests , and for its most intimate relations { " "
T . B . L . Dreadful Fire in Paws . —At three o ' clock mi Sunday niorninir a fire was observud to brtuik out at No ' . 23 * . Kue Cadet , which presented a most alarniin « appearance . M . Gore , the commissary of police of the district , immediately proceeded to the spot , and havins procured the assistance of a detachment- of the 4 " th regiment , who were quartered in the neighbourhood , every effort was made to arrest the progress of the flames . Their exertions , however , were unavailing , and the fire , after having consumed the upper part of the house , penetrated into the vast wine stores of M . Buhner , situated on the groundfloor . M . Buhner had barely time to save his papers and account-books . The efforts of the firemen were confined to the preservation of the adjoining houses , but , notwithstanding their exertions , the fire extended to some of the adjacent dwellings . At nine o ' clock , as one party of the firemen ,
exhausted with fatigue , had been relieved by a party from the Rue Vieux Colombier , a fresh disaster added to the calamity . A wall fell out into the street , and crushed several persons . The dead body of a fireman was withdrawn from the ruins , together with ten wounded , two of whom shortly afterwards expired . A Municipal Guard had his foot crushed , and several persons of the neighbourhood , -rcho had exerted themselves most heroically , were more or less vrounded . The parish priest of the church of Notre Dame de Lorette , who attended at the scene of desolation with one of his curates , shared the dansrers of the humblest mechanic , and escaped a certain death by almost a miracle . M . You , the commissary of police , and the colonel of the 47 th regiment , -were likewise exposed to imminent danger . At two o ' clock the firemen at length became masters of the fire , but it was found necessary to continue to pump water on the smoking embers during the night . The damaire is estimated at SOO . OQOf . ( £ 12 , 000 } .
A Victory for the Press . —The editor of the Journal TAtdhr was acquitted at Paris on Monday , in a prosecution directed by the Attorney-General , for having excited , by inflammatory writings , the people to rise against the Government . Tux LEGrrrvtrsTS . —Prince Montmorency de Robecq . head of one of the great Carlist families of France , was condemned on Wednesday , by the Seventh Chamber of Correctional Police , to one month ' s imprisonment and lOOOf . fine , for hairing constructed , ander his inspection , and sold by his agents , a large number irt" busts of the Duke de Bourdeaux . The evidence was very clear , as well as the illeicaliiy of the Prince ' s proceedings , as his agents were not furnished with the legal authority for retailing works of art , and though the produce of the sale was devoted to a charitable pnrpose . the Court held that the Prince was personally responsible . He was sentenced to fine and imprisonment as above , and to pavall costs
of the proceedings . SPAIN . The Reigx of Terror . —Letters from S pain of the 1 st inst ., confirm the reported execution of Felieiano Zurbano , the eldest son of General Zurbano , who vras shot as Logrono on the 28 th , aloCg -with Captain Baltanas . Zurbano ' s secretary , and a third person , whose name is not mentioned . General Prim had arrived at Cordova , and was sent from thence by sea to Cadiz , where he will be imprisoned until it suits the co nvennienceofhis persecutors to send him to the Mariana Islands . His unhappy mother had arrived
in Madrid to demand mercy ; but in Spain the fountains of mercy have run dry , and the heartless personage who now wields the real power of Spain seems to have uo feeling of compassion left for the feelings of any mother , whose children are legitimate . . The mother of General Prim has been refused access to the two ijueens , and it appears that her prayers will be unheard and unanswered , although the poor boon ¦ n- nich she asks is only to have the place oi her son ' s banishment changed troni the murderous climate of the Mariana islands to the amiost equatfy fatal climate of Porto Rico or the Havanna . Madrid , Dec . 3 . —The Hazcnt publishes a despatch
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from the Captain-Ueneral of Burgos , giving .-ra' account of the execution of the second son of General Zurbano , Don Felieiano ; of Captain Ballanos , and Francisco Hervias , a manufacturer of Ezcaray . The Logrono correspondent of the Eeo M Commercio writes , that the house of Zurbano had been razed to the ground , his furniture burned , and his horses and cattle destroyed . The ten men of his band who voluntarily surrendered , have been sentenced respectively to six or ten vears- confinement in presidios . Colonel Ortega , Aid-de-Camp of General Prim , had been sent off under an escort to Cadiz , whence he was to be transported to the Havannah . The Polish General Eomerino was arrested the day before yesterday . He contrived to baffle the police , and succeed in escaping . It is SRid lie is concealed somewhere in Madrid . Several Frenchmen have also been arrested . fram the Captain-General of Burgos , givinsr . -aac-
Madrid , Dec 5 . —A Royal Ordonnance has been published , signed by Geneml Narvaez , depriving General Castaneda of his rank , titles , and decorations , as an accomplice of Zurbano . Where Zurbano is remains a mystery .
PORTUGAL . Lisbon , Dec . 3 . —The municipal elections through out the country have been generally earned by Ministerial candidates , and the means employed appear to have been of the most effectual kind to secure tmr " - eess in a nation of employees—fraud , force , and intimidation . BELGIUM . Bhvssels , Dec . 7 . —The navigation of all the enn ; i ] . in Belgium is interrupted by the frost . This morning a man was found frozen to death in a field : \ t brussels . Di : i . > . — The themiometer is at present 11 dctTees IViow zero— .- ; . of Reaumur . The canals are ; ill frozen nvcr . The steamers between Hutterdam and Autwrrp coiiiil not run durincthc last few dii's .
MY 1 TZKH 1 . AND . 1 \ si-r : ; k « - t :- > n ai ; ain- > t-the -Jemjts . —The ( •««/ - '• ,-. ''¦„ , !>¦ ? puti ' . ^ ln-N th' - follov . in :: from it * t-ni-i '» - <]>«» inl > -: it : it IVrnf . i ! at « -d l ' i-- ~ > l l \ : — ¦ "Tin- iiiij > riiili- < it < i » i-:-i •¦ , liy whir ! : i !;> - tir . ii . ii I " ii'Uieil nf J . neeri : i- li : i- mi !! ' ' i 't d the «'' : ci > rir . v . rvuit-lit ot- (') ' ¦ l . — -. iil- > m < j > he cf tiie ; ¦¦ ui-!;„¦ i--: ' ! iL ii , - i !!! -i- , l ..- _ iiL- in i > o ; . r fruit . Tin- t . n \ . rii-!!! ' -lil " ! l . nvrii' -. lislikerl !> y the ' / v , it m . ui . i t . i , \ the jMj : >«! : iiiiiij . u : i ¦• inilarl ; in r ! i .- cliiff luwn , is ,. ' .-!!•_'<¦¦! . i- 'i o :-i ? t-r t" tf < -t itr-.- ! t ' <>!« -v < - < 1 , t <> finvc > - > ..,. | -v ,. 1 i vinli'lll 1 ) 1 . luv . wliii-h . ii ' ihi-v ju-e lid iriiuiiiJ \\[[\ i i jiroinpt « i U' -ci's-. will onl y rentier its pi ^ itin !! * . 'i <» r criti - ;! , if tin v tlt > i , ot eaiiM- it > complete over-iiniw . Already the first act of the Jesuitical drama ) v . i- just been p layed . Aeeirnlini ; to information received this nmrnin ^ . an iiwirn'ction has burst out at Willkm a
little town six U-a < nii * 5 fi-mii the capital . Theynvenimeut had ordered the Prefect to an-e > t some men ot the ]> laee known for their opposition to the Jesuits . One hundred men of the line were called out to ^ ive assistance to the authorities , but when the commanding officer wished to proceed to execute the warrant , the people raised a riot , and opposed so strontr a resistance , that the officer ordered the troops to rirv on the mob . But the soldiers , far from complying , took part with the people . . At the present moment , the insurrection threatens to extend to other localities , even to the capital itself , where the greater number of the superior officers are hostile to the government , on account of its predilection for the Jesuits . Such are the scenes brought on hy the proceedings of the reverend fathers to force themselves on a population bv whom thev are detested . "
Letters from Berne , of the Gth instant , state that , on receiving intelligence of the revolt at Willisa , the Council of State of the canton had assembled , and instantly gave orders to three battalions of infantry , three companies of carabineers , two of artillery , and a squadron of cavalry , to march to the frontier of the canton of Lucerne . It was inferred , from tiie adoption of this measure , that the ( iovernment of Berne intended to support the opposition to the Jesuitical party at Lucerne , and avenge itself for the moral defeat which it had experienced in May last , durinir the anti-radical reaction in the Valais . * On the Gth , the troops had already commenced their march . It was apprehended that a collision would take place in the town of Lucerne ; the Council of State had declared itself en permanence , and only relied , for the suppression of the revolt , on the inhabitants of the section of Russwyl , who had offered their services to defend the Government .
Tht . Insurrection in Lucerne . —The Prrtsc of Thursday contains the following : — " An . estafette arrived . at ten o'clock this morning , bringing the sad news of the defeat of the Liberals at Lucerne . The insurrection commenced yesterday morning , and at five o ' clock iii the afternoon all was terminated ; the insurgents having no artillery , 'vver-e compelled to retreat . In an attack upon the arsenal several of them were killed . Amongst their chiefs . Dr . Steiger and Captain Auf der Maur were taken prisoners . Colonel
Kuggenbuhler and the ex-Councillors Baumaun and Isaac succeeded in getting out of the town with several of their partisans . The struggle would , it was thought , continue in the open country , but notwithstanding the aid of the volunteers of Argau , Soleuro , and Bale , there were slight hopes of success . A letter of the Government of Lucerne to that of Berne , dated yesterday , announces its triumph over the rebels , but in order to prevent further risings , it demands federal armed assistance from the cantons of Uri . . Schwvz , Underwald , and Zurich . "
WEST INDIES . SorniAMPTOx , Dec . 12 . —The Royal Mail Company ' s steam-ship Avon , Captain Stru ' tt , arrived here at ten o ' clock this day , bringing all thu West Indian , Ac , mails . Loss op the ArT . EON . —We are sorry to record the total loss of the Actaeon steam-ship , fielonging to the Royal Mail Company , -which took place on the morning of the 20 th of October , under the following circumstances : —She was rounding the Punta . Canoa , at eight in the morning , the 1 ' opaor high land within the city being S .. S . E . The Actaeon steering south , struck at S' 40 , upon a sunken
rock , supposed to be the Negrillo , but which , according to the chart , should have been nearer the land than the ship then was . Immediately she struck , the captain , with the view of lightening her , ordered the boilers to be blown off , but without effect till tliirtv minutes afterwards . A swell of the sea then lifted " her off , when it rsoon became evident that , in spite of every exertion , she could not be kept long afloat . Sail was then made to force her on shore , or into shallow water . Precisely , however , at twenty minutes past eleven she went down in six and a half fathoms of water . All hands were saved in the boats , and landed at Carthagena , nine miles from the sreno of the wreck .
THE eilEROKEES , A NATION 07 INDIAN TREEMIN—A LESSON AND EXAMPLE FOR THE CIVILISED SLAVES OF EUHOPE . GOVEBWHEST OF THE CHEBOKEE NATION . ( From the Cherokee Advocate . ) Tbe removal of the great mass of the Cherokee people from their " beloved land , " now partitioned between the states of Georgia , North Carolina , Alabama , nnd Tennessee , was forcibly effected by the United States , in 18 : 38 , under circumstances of almost unparalleled hardship , disease , and suffering . - In the succeeding year they arrived in the present Cherokee country , entered into an act of union with those of their brothers who- had preceded them hither , some by many years , and mutually adopted , under the " style and title of the Cherokee Nation , " their mutual government . Of this government we present now a synopsis , intending to follow it shortly with the constitution and laws in full .
The government of the Cherokee nation is republican , and is composed of the executive , legislative , and the judicial departments . The executive department consists of a principal chief , an assistant principal chief , and an executive council of five members . The principal and assistant chiefs are elected once in every four years , bj a majority of the qualified voters of the nation : every sane male Cherokee citizen , who has attained the age of eighteen years , being entitled to a vole . It is the duty of the principal chief to zee that the laws are regularly enforced , axd-to discharge those functions usually rested in an eiecntive head . He is empowered with the veto , and the power of pardoning persons convicted and sentenced to punishment for capital crimes , under certain restrictions . The legislative department consists of tbe national committee and the
council—each of the eight districts into which the nation is divided being represented by two members in the former branch , and three in the latter . These members are elected in the same manner as the chiefs , once every two years . They meet annually at Tabiequah , on the first Monday in October , in general council , to legislate upon the general affairs of the nation . Jso bill can become a law until it hasxeceived the concurrence of both brandies of the national council , and the approval of the princiiml chief . In case tbe principal chief disapproves of any bill which has passed the nnional council , he returns it , with his objections in writi ? _ - , to the body in which it originated . A rote of ny- -thirds of the members of tinnational council is nee -ssary to make any bill a law , the passage of which-has been objected to by the principal chief .
The powers of the national committee and the council are the same , except in cases of impeachment , and appropriations of money . All appropriations originate in the council , -but are subject to approval , modification , or rejection by the national committee . Impeachment for - violation or neglect of duty may be tendered by the council against any public officer of the nation . The national committee then "becomes a specially constituted court for the trial of such case . Membirs of the national council receive for their services a per diem of three dollai s wliile they are in session . The judiciary is divided into the supreme , the circuit , and the
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district courts , whose respective duties and jurisdiction are clearly denned by law . The supreme court c-onsists of _ a chief justice and four associates , the circuit court of a judge for each of ; the two judicial circuits into which the nation is divided , and the district court of a judge for each of tin- eight districts . All judges are elected by a joint vote of the committee and council . The supreme judges hold their seats for the term of four vears the circuit two years ,: and the district one year . * The first receive a per diem of five dollars while engaged in holding court , the sti-ond 250 dollars per annum , and the last 100 dollars . In addition to these officers , there is also a chontt for each district , who is elected by the voters of his district every two year * , and who receives for his services a salary of 2 oo dollars per annum . The right of trial by .,.-... _ .-...
au impartial jury of i . i « countrymen , and of being confronted face to face b y his accuse rs and witnestes , and of legal advice , is secured to every person amenable to , and charged with an infraction of , the laws of tlie Cherokee nation . The laws of the Cherokees are hot sanguinary nor unnecessarily severe ; murder and treason being the only crimes punishable with death . Thefts , arson , and similar _ offeuceS vtfth stripes . Debts are recoverable bylaw . Ihe property of the wife cannot bo soid without her consent to satisfy the debts contracted by her husband , and vke versa . The Cherokees have no system of taxation . All expenses attending the administration of their public affairs are defrayed out of annuities received
from the United States . The public funds of the nation are pined in the hands of a national treasurer , wiio gives bond ami gc-od security for their safe keeping and disbursement according to law . Before the national treasurer can pay out any funds intrusted to his care , on any account whatever , an appropriation authorizing him to do so must be first made by the national council , by s |» rlal <¦ n-. ictm .-nt , ami a warrant In- issued tllemin by tilt- ] ifiiii-il-Mil clii < -f ' . . All p < r-ons holding office under tin-rxreutive , h ' frislativr , am ! jmlici .-il departments of tin- n < in-ninifiit of tli . ' nation , jut reiiuiivd . h .-forr cutt-riii ;; u [ m . h th < - diM-li : ir ?< - of their duties to take oath to sii i .. rt :, i , d < U-iVnil its i-. iii-Titil'ioii ; i ; h ] 1 ,-mi-s
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present Chartist organization ; in the metropolis ( t heers . ) Five years ago it was the fashion of the enemies and false friends of Chartism to denounce himself and his associates as j Jacobins , terrorists , and promoters of anarchy . Tlie press of the factions had , by these calumnies , prejudiced the middle class —the jury class—against thwir principles , and incited the Government to those pei-se < futions which had been resorted to in the vain hope of crushing Chartism . He eared little for being dubbed Jacobin . The principles ot Jacobinism were the principles of justice and equality , and Jacobinism was not ' chargeable with the crimes laid to its account . Without going back to the past , he would ask , was itl Jacobinism that was guilty of the enormities commiited in sunnv Sn .-iin ?
Was it Jacobinism that lor years had arraved father against son , and brother against brother , f ) glitin « - on the one side for a king of the Inquisition , and on the other lor a queen of the stock-jobbore ? that had desolated that country from one extremity to the other ? that had blotted out all law anil justice , and violated the most solemn treaties ? that had quaffed the blood of San Just , and refused mercy to the-clespairuiff wife and mother of ZurbanoYson ? No : it was the ism of kings and queens , priests and soldiers , aristocrats and money-mongers , that was responsible for these atrocious crimes . ( Great applause . ) The Northern Star had been denounced by the IVeeMy Chronicle as a Jacobin paper , and was pharced with disseminating the Jacobin principle ofithe natural nnrl
inevitable war of tlie poor and of the rich . Ik- ( Mr II } admitted the principle ; but denied the applicability of the charge to the > W . It was the rich who made war against the poor . Tlie y <» ry existence of the two classes showed the cxistoucr of wioir- ami robwvy , fraud and violence , si . mcwhi-re . T ! i <\ m- the powerful only could be guilty of—; u ,, | it w ; , < the rich who were the powerful , thr poor who were tin * 'imvrr-W * . ( Applause . ) ( M ,- . llnnitiv tin : i .:: f-real it-iiL'fh . lirocvnh-ii fi iilu-tiMtc tliK H-h ; uTiirnt ' < v cxaiun ' i's drawn from the ptvsem -t . i ' e < , | ' -., „ . ; ,-n- . ' W \ l :, \ \\ . \ . lows is til- inert ¦ t . lltMMe-i . r Mi > . | | . -... ' „ rill . ) ' !";] ,,. two wi . mi-n . _ t ie ( in ; i * nv >) i , f vny ^' v , the < . t '¦ . . r a « l ; ni >_ -lu « T of pov .-rTv . The njie beci . ine-. a w ¦!'¦ am ] i-iother , and in il . e , ' ..,-hi- of In j- < -i , il , |\ ! , in ;¦ > sn .
i-iiumled by iucdic ., 1 ami other attendants , has c \ ery luxury , her child ' s birth ; iMiw > tiiu-od h \ the roar iifiMiiiinii and the niiiriui : of bolls , while sycophantic editors and roptincr * pvwlabu d . iily the state ot I lux one woman . I >; , the other hand , die daughter of poverty also becomes a mother . Stretched en a pallet of straw , with mi help hut the I ' uion doctor , no attendant but perhaps some poor being scarcely loss wretched than herHelf . 'Dim ? mils on , and the mother , utterly destitute , has Igiven herself up to despair . IlomeWs i elotlwless , loodloss , milkJcss , hopeless , she plunges herself and babe into the devouring stream to escape from a life jbecorne insupportable ! She is rescued from death . Jsot so her child , it has dosed its eyes for ever . The wretched mother is
charged with murder , and a heartless jury- and judge condemn her to a shameful Ideath oil the gallowstree . At almost the la . « t hour , when the victim has liecome resigned to her approaching dreadful end , mercy—mercy in tlie shape of a Graham . '—O , outrageous caricature ( Hisses and groans of execration ) , steps in , and in the name ofj a merciful sovereign , mercifully sentence * the unfortunate hcins » to seven years' banishment . ( Shame , ! shame ' . ) Iiehold the difference in the fate of these two women—the one i < s Victoria—the other Mary Furjey . ' Yes , there is a war of the rich and of the poor : but it was tlie rich , and not the Northern Star , who were responsible for that war . ( Great cheering . ) So through all society ; the landlord steals the land , and is an hereditary
cramclaw-enaeting legislator ; poor ! Eborn , the Buckinghamshire labourer , attempts to snare a haro , and is sent to prison as a felnn . Mrs . Tmvhitt , a lady , takes a microscope , and forgets to pay for it ; of course she did not steal it , for a respectable jury found her Not ( luilty . Obserye the morality of the aristocracy . When detected taking the article , the husband of the lady remarked , " Suppose she has taken it , what ' s the use of making a damned fuss about it ? " Such were thej ethics of aristocracy . ( Loud applause . ) They ( the jaristocracy ) p lundered the land , robbed the people of the fruits of their labour , and wrested from them I their political rights ; and then , when tlie people complained , tlie answer was , " Suppose we have done these things , what ' s the
use of making a damned fuss about it V " # ut a fuss would be made until justice was done , and right re-established . ( Loud cheers . ) Let them compare the case of a poor man , who , the other day , was charged with stealiiiL' three turnips of the value , of one farthing , with that of Mrs . Tyrwhitt . The jury did not hesitate as to whetherjthe turnips were taken with a felonious intention ; ori the contrary , they at once found the poor man ( Juilty , and the uench sentenced him to pay a shilling fine , and twelve shillings costs , or go to prison . The ; poor man was never worth thirteen shillings , and might go to prison . Again—the common assassin was hung , while the wholesale murderer , the miscreant . Nicholas , was feasted bv Queens and aristocrats , and honoured for
Ins crimes . The aristocratic seducer was the followed and flattered of the fashionable world , while his victim was driven from one misery to another till she died a death of infamy and jhorror . The embroideress shivers In ra < rs while working the eighty flowers for sixpence in the shawl to ( enfold a duchess , while the shopocrat , who profits by her miserable toil , is a church-attending , God-fearing , respectable man , Yes , throughout society the war of the poor and of the rich was natural and inevitable , but who caused it ? Not the Northern Star , but those who prolitcd by and upheld the present system , foremost among whom was the Liberal babbler of the Weekly Chronicle . ( Great applause . ) The mission of the Northern Star was to put an end to that
system , and if for so labouring it was to be denounced as a Jacobin paper , its proprietor and conductors need not be ashamediof the title . ( Cheers . ) For himself , he ( Mr . H . ) declared , that if his exposures of aristocratic wrong ' and insolence , and his advocacy of the cause oi' the poor and the oppressed , should earn for him the title of Jacobin , he would glory in the name , and would ; wish no greater honour than that whenjhe ceased to be , the title of Jacobin was graven on his tomb . ( Loud cheering . ) The importance of a free and honest press could not be over-estimated . Cardinal Wolsey said , if we do not put down printing , printing will put down us . It was sagaciously said , fyrants , though failing to altogether put down the press , had contrived , in all countries , to enchain or
corrupt it , still the future triumph of knowledge over tyranny was indisputable and evident to all . In responding to the sentiment given by Mr . Cuffay , he ( Mr . H . ) hoped that the rising of the Star in the metropolis would prove the dawning of that day , when right should be triumphant lover might , oppression trampled under the heel of justice , equality be founded upon an indestructible basisj fraternity " connect to - gether all nations , and freedom cover the earth as the waters cover the sea . Mr . jllarney retired amidst enthusiastic and prolonged applause . Mr . Arnottsung a patriotic song , amidst considerable applause . | Mr . J . DowLD . fi proposed j the third sentiment"Our Guests , the Proprietor and Editors of that truly
Democratic journal , the Northern Star ; may their labours prove as successful as their merits deserve . " On Mr . O'Connor rising ! to respond to the sentiment , the audience also rose simultaneously , greeting Mr . O'Connor with round after round of enthusiastic cheering , the ladies waving their handkerchiefs , which continued for a considerable time . Silence being restored , Mr . O'Connor said , accustomed as he was to exhibitions of popular enthusiasm , still it would be vanity on his part were he to attribute to himself the kind , cordial , and enthusiastic reception given to him . No , it was thejprinciple they honouredthe principle of which he was the humble advocate . The removal of the Northern Star from the provinces to the metropolis would cause no change in its
political sentiments . ( Loud cheers . ) He had always placed great reliance on the powers of the press ; and he thought while the ; few were represented through its columns , it was notlung but right that the many should be represented also . ( Cheers . ) The working classes had been entirely excluded from the press generally ; and hence , he had established the Nortfiern Star . ( Loud cheers . ) And proud he was to say , Ithat he did not go for lus assistants amongst the hirelings who were let or sold with the machines ; but that every man employed on the Northern Star had sprung from ' the ranks of labour . ( Great cheering . ) The other classes , be they agriculturists , manufacturers , churchmen , or dissenters , had their organ ; and he would venture to affirm , that was that meeting composed ofjauy of the supporters of those parties , the longest table in the hall would not
suffice for the number of reporters who would be in attendance . But this meeting was in favour of Labour's rights ; and in this matter the Star stood alone . ( Cheers . ) There ^ were three stages in all agitations ; organization , ( creating public opinion and the directing of that [ public opinion . He had effected the two first ; and now , if the people required other tools to work out the last , in God ' s name let them get them . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) thought the people placed too much reliance on what they termed the superhuman labours of Feargus O'Connor , and thus allowed themselves to sink ; into apathy . Let them arouse , and act as if everything depended upon the exertion . of each individual ' , and victory was certain . Let them remember that all the classes would unite as one man for their oppression . ( Loud cheers . ) He might be an alien in language , yet he thought they understood him welL ( Laughter and applause . ) IJ
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thanked God he had . regained their confidence for his country—for , although the world was JiLs repiib-! i < % he could not forget that hvh-. id ivas His natije land . ( Cheers . ) Let all parties unite against them , and what then ' . They ( the Chartisisj would beat&ll combined . Nov that the Northern Star was in London , the proximity of the office to those of the 0 o iVtroiriclrs would , he dare say , not be over pleasing to the proprietors of those journals . No matter ; he would cause them to adopt Chartist principles , or he would make them hide their diminished heads in some back lane . ( Immense applaiise . ) The Whigs , when crying for the Reform Bill . Had told them it was necessary to infuse new blood into the House of Commons , for so they would obtain a
more equitable distribution of property . But had they ? No . The working classes , notwithstanding tlie improved mode of travelling by railway and the improved mode of communication by the penny post , with the numberless other improvements of the time , were m a more wretc hed condition than ever . ( Hear , hear . ) If merchants and manufacturers no . aired better houses and mansions thau their grands avs oceupied , it was equally necessary that the sliding seale of improvement should descend to the working classes also , and that their condition should be improved in like manner . He did not desire the destruction ofproperty . So : let the wealthy retain all they at present possessed , but let the working man —the ' producer ' all—have a rightful share in what he ' henceforth
produced . ( Great cheering . ) There were parties holding out their baits and allurements , but they were mere will o' the wisps . Tlie Mar Lad sufficiently warned them of those false lights . ( Cheers . ) The Chartists were the only real Free Traders . Let them have Free Trade in legislation first , and all the rest would follow . ( Great cheerin < r . ) Ilewasloval to a certain degree , but like il-. v dr ] who wanted something to love , he wanted something to be loyal to . ( Cheers . ) How could he be loyal to a church whose ministers told him that this world was a world oi trial and suffering , and that he must endure misery here to ensure happiness hereafter . If that was a necessary stop to the insuranent of happiness tie was sure his brother Chartists had no wish to keep thebishops out of hea
- ven . They would change places \ v \ th them , and let their lvverenceshave a turn at the hewing ot wood and drawing of water . ( Chmvs ) He could not be loyal to a judge , who oppressed the poor , it ever he had fallen out with his i-ounti vmen . it was for their royal loyalty to Queens and 1 'rinces and their professed love for the beautiful yoiii- < r Queen—it was not manly , it was slavish and « l " ;« v «» tin— < Immense . applause , i How could lie Iv "loval " . vbon de had suffered sixteen month .-. ' iniprisi . iii . i . ' nt . ; nid during that time i ! ie ( Jueen was ik'ivercd thric times , and he ( Mr . u ' C . ) was not delivered onee . i Roars « f lau-I . tt-rj iYi > j . ei-fy » , 1 s vf , <„ v ; , ! i , e until it mru . d the t ; iiii ; . t . f laUcr upon if . ! ! u-v „¦; , „ i ^ i ! t .. so ] , UN m ,, i | ,.. „ . _ , ; ,, ; ,. ; , ; ,, ; ,. _ ,.,, ;! , „ ,,, afc tiim- : . vt f .-eiir .- . ( I .,- In , ' j , „ ' , tJ , i ,, - , , ; _ . " ) .: , ¦¦
fM-i ' . ^ i . _ ( he tu'd- . Avttith . lalivufi ' i-... rt ; .- ! ii " I ' . ilt fie n : ! ai . t h ; ,. l L'Imu ; ,. J ; | KI , | | „ " . . . •„ . . ,, u ,.,. („ . [ u ; (• radio , and he \\; - : ,, ine'iiiei ! to t \ : nv . on" tlio cli . thes jHid let the yu « n » lloiv . ile * u-.-. I ' k r . l . mad ( I H-mer . lous ¦•! . (¦ ,., . , « : . . WJ , :. , -..,.,. >¦ i , ( i ; 1 > ., tiult it bad killed him ; \ m ! . e hail i-l-i'l ! ;„•; , ; ,, ; ,, ul buried , tlie WL , lor ewr . 'j I . nmch ili ,. , „ ' ,. „ new enemy had appeared in the sliaj e t ;! a tract by the Messrs . Chani'A-rs o ' ' Kiiinlmreh : a .,, 1 here ' was t . ic value , of the North , r ., Mar . On Siiih ' uiv lie sat down—the hotter the day the l ^ Ucr the d .-o « l—and wrote a c-omi . lete answer lo tiie tract . ( Uix-at cheering . ) All parties wore disxatlsti . stl . If di ^ trt ^ s and
misery was a visitation from God , and its prevalence universal , he knew no das * who would more readily submit than those whom he was addvessm *'—( cheers)—but when thi-v ( the people ! knew tla-ir miseries and destitution was the result of bad b-nslation they wisely and bravelv . efiised to bliicumb lie had never asked them to raise the a-.,,- / a .-.- « . ;» , „ -, to tliis or that firciilation ; wlien they saw l . ini without a shirt , they might imagine the Northern Star was going down , but not before . ( Tremendous cl . emng . ) He had seen Mr . Duncombe that day : and l . ad it not been for a prior engagement he ( Mr . D . ) would have been with them that night . ( Immense applause . ) He thought they should have a demonstration to shew
their confidence in Labour ' s Parliamentary Representative . He therefore proposed that they should meet Mr . I > im « Mnbt ' at his committee room in rinsbury , and escort him down to the House of Commons . ( Treniendons and long-continued cheering . ) He ( Mr . O'Connor ) would never recommend what be was not prepared to carry into practice . ( Cheers . ) If they agreed to tJio proposition lie would aecoinpanv tj ; em on foot . ( Loud cheers . ) He entreated them ' to forget past differences , and unite as one man : then would Englishmen deserve the name of freemen , and England be their own — their native land . Mr . O'Connor sat down amid loud am ! long-toiitinued applause .
1 he Whitehorn fitmilv then sang , in excellent stvle , a glee entitled " The " Press—the Chartist Press , " which was warml y applauded . Monsieur Chillnian sung the Marseilles hymn , prefacing the singing with a tew remarks approbatory of the appearance of the Northern Star in the metropolis . The Marseilles was sung by M . Chil ) - man in the original French , the meeting ' chorussing in English . The singing of this glorious anthem excited the greatest enthusiasm . Mr . Julian Harney briefly addressed the meeting on , behalf of Captain Marguriete , a Spanish ref of
ugee , one the Republican defenders of Barcelona . ( His appeal was responded to by a collection made at the door for the brave refugee . ) Senor Marguriete then sung the Spanish Song of Liberty , which was enthusiastically applauded . ^ Mh . Henky Ross proposed the 4 th sentiment "Ihe Ladies , may they ever be found auxiliaries in the cause of democracy , " which was warmly responded to by the whole meetinu " . Tbvee cheers were then given for the DemocratsV France and Spain ; for Feargus O'Connor and the Charter ; and for Democrac-v all over the world . The meeting then broke up , highly gratified with the evening's proceedings .
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t . m \ l > ^ ulKKK I \ HMNorU iiF TliF iiF . vim ai .-iif Tin ; . \ i > unti-: n \ > tm ; in ] . l )\])( l \ . Tliis ( estivaI . > . \] . " , ( 11 to ,- . j ,,. | . tw 0 or three weekli . i- ( \ cili . ! - > ul , i . h ii . teivsi milling tiie l- ) eii ! o . 'i-at . « »\ the Meirti | . t > lis . •¦ i-aiii .- oil '" on 1 Hestlay nr : lit last . !> e .-.-ml > .-i- l ( ttli , > itf tiie l . ite-r . iry and Scientific ln--titution , ¦ biliM-. stn-et , lot-tenhain Court 'Road . u-. r \ fully ivali / ed the anticipations of its proinnteis . W , lia-. e attended ni . uiy similar cntert ; : innieiit-: but never one that , exceeded the exhibition of pure and patriotic enthusiasm nianifestod by all parties . — sjieakei-s autl hearers , —as on this interesting iu- < -a >\ nn . TIk-iv wa < but one drawback to the pleasures of t lu
evening , namely , ' the unavoidable absence of Mr . llobson , who w ; is compelled , though very reluctantly , to l ) e absent from London at the time ; his dome-stir arrangements rendering it imperative that he should lie in Leeds on the night of the festival , finally aiTaujring the removal of his household to town * . Mr . Houson ' s absencu was much regretted . At six o ' clock the doors were opened , and the hall was speedily filled . About seven o ' cloek Mr . O'Connor arrived , accompanied by several private friends , who throughout the " evening seemed greatly interested in , and much gratified by , the proceedings . Mr . O'Connor ' s appearance was hailed with a burst of enthusiasm . In conseiiueneu of a much greater number taking tea than had been
anticipated , tea had to be served up at two different times , which ' necessarily protracted the commencement of the mental portion of the evening ' s proceedings to a later hpur than had been intended . Previous to the chair being taken , Miss Deither , the organist of the establishment , played several pieces on the fine organ which is so remarkable a feature of the Johnstreet Institution . Her performance elicited warm applause . We shoujd state that a considerable number present , were from Greenwich and other places in the neighbourhood of London . We obsei-ved several of the old patriots , some of whom have not been with us since 1 ^ 59 ; whilst tlie . immense number of the fair sex present , attests the Interest felt by the ladies in the triumphant progress of the Northern Star .
The tea tables having at length been cleared , Mr . W . Clark was unanimously called to the chair , and said he felt proud of the honour conferred on him in electing ; hiui to preside on such an important occasion , and over such a large and truly respectable meeting . 1 [ c considered that a most important meeting , held as it was to welcome Labour ' s Organ to the great metropolis . ( Tremendous cheering . ) Iktrusted that that luminary would succeed in dispelling the mists of prejudice that had so long blinded tinmental optics of the many . ( Cheersl ) lie hoped to see a similar meeting in 1 * 45 , to celebrate the anniversary of the Star ' s coming to London , attended by as many thousands as there were hundreds on the present occasion . ( Loud cheers . )
Mr . T . Fakrer proposed the first sentiment . " The People ; may they soon obtain the Charter , and in reality be the source of all power . " He said it was a sentiment which he had much pleasure in proposing , and had much more pleasure to find so large a company present to respond to it . Governments of all countries should be noeordant with that sentiment . All Governments not so accordant , were the ci-eatin-es of force and fraud . ( Loud cheers . ) The middle and upper classes , at their festivals , generally left out the people . Mr . Dip , the tallowcliandler , gave the Queen . Mr . Prigg , the broker , gave Prince Albert ; then followed the Army and Navy . He had often wondered how it was these classes could devote so much lipservice to royalty . But he presumed they hoped cither to become royal tradesmen , or that they
would be in some way noticed by royalty . But , he ( Mr . F . ) thought the notice they would get , would be of a similar character with that , the private soldier received from the Emperor , who admitted , when pressed by his comrade , as to what the Emperorhad said to him—that it was " Get out of the way , you scoundrel . " ( Loud laughter . ) In that parish the people had been distrained on for " rates" which the parish officers expended on getting up an address on satin , to congratulate the Queen on the occasion of another Royal birth . The people had even been refused the use of their own vestry-rooma ( hear , hear ) , whilst they could be granted to the rich for their humbuging bath and wash-house scheme . True , thev
nnght not be used by the people , class-made laws having deprived them of such clothing as they would like to expose in a public wash-house ( hear , hear ) , but they would lie useful if it was only to wash the filthy mass of corruption from the hands of parochial officers , and the Reverend Father in God , the Lord Bishop of London . ( Much applause . ) The people had no chance of obtaining that power of which the sentiment spoke , but by the people ' s Charter . Hence the necessity of untiring , ceaseless agitation until that measure became the law of the land . ( Cheers . ) That man was either a fool or a knave who would tell them that any government could long withstand the righteous demands of a united and determined people . ( Great cheering . )
Mr . Lixuen ably supported the sentiment , and said royalty was neither an emanation from heaven nor from nature . All people were equal . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Munden sung , " Loud Roared the People ' s Thunder . " The lines , in which allusion was made to the Star , or to Mr . O'Connor , were responded to by the audience en masse , who broke out into repeated rounds of the niost vociferous applause . At the conclusion of the song , Mr . Munden was loudly cheered . Mr . Cuffay , Mr . Whitehorn , Mrs . Whiteliom , and their sons , Master and Master Henry Whitehorn , favoured the meeting with a beautiful glee , entitled " 1 am a bold TJemocrat , " which was received with rapturous applause .
Mr . Cuffay proposed the second sentiment— " The Northern Star , Labour ' s only recognised organ : we hail thee , welcome to the Metropolis ! " lie said the Northern Star had served an apprenticeship in the provinces , not for the profit of its proprietor , but for the advantage and protection of the rights and liberties of the people . ( Loud cheers . ) It had , in the person of its proprietor , undergone all sorts of perse cution and prosecution , ( hear , near , ) but it still existed , and still continued to blaze away , and if the people support it , it would continue to blaze away brighter than ever . ( Cries of " It shall , " and loud cheers . ) The Northern Star had ever been consistent
through gain or loss , through evil or good report . ( Loud cheers . ) Their duty then was to support a paper which so ably and efficiently aided them . ( Cheers . ) Let them call on their shopmates to support it . Let them appeal to their various trade bodies to support it . He did not ask . them to do what he was not doing himself . He was a tailor , and , like others in his trade , had been " out of work for four months at a stretch , but during those trying periods he had never neglected hi 3 duty . ( Cheers . ) When it came to a toss up—a dinner or the Star , the mental appetite always won the toss . ( Great cheering . ) The Chairman introduced Mr . Julian Harney to respond to the sentiment .
Sir . Harney , who was received with warm and prolonged applause , said , the flattering reception ho had received after , an absence of five years from the metropolis , proved to him that though he had had to contend with , much misrepresentation , and , next to Mr . O'Connor , might fairly lay claim to the title of the best abused man in the ranks of Chartism , still he enjoyed their confidence as fully as when he was their comrade in the glorious Democratic Association —( Cheers )—an Association which had sifted the chaff from the wheat , and was the precursor of the
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Disastrous Occlrre . vck . —On Thursday a lad of the name of Birch , the son of a carrier , at Chiswick , met with his death from the discharge of a gun , for the possession of which his brother and another young man , named Charles Watchman , were disputing . The two latter gave themselves in to custody , and were examined before Mr . Paynter , the magistrate of the Hammersmith police court . They were remanded to await the result of the coroner ' s inquest , but allowed to stand out on bail .
Fire at Limehouse . —Shortly before one o ' clock on Friday morning , a most destructive fire broke out upon the long line of building in the occupation of Messrs . Chessor and Co ., coopers , &e ., in Shoulderof-Mutton-alley , Limehouse , near to Down ton ' s wharf . The police constable on the beat first perceived flames issuing from the cooperage , an extensive , building not less than 150 feet in length . An alarm was instantly raised , and a messenger despatched to the various engine-stations with the information , and in an incredibly short time engines from various stations of the brigade , under the superintendence of Mr . Braidwood , and the West of England ,
with Mr . Connorton , were upon the spot . The fire progressed rapidly , illuminating the whole City , the stock being of the most inflammable character , consisting of a vast number of barrels , staves , hoops , < fcc . An abundant supply of water being obtained , the engines were speedily set to work ; but owing to the firm hold the flames had obtained , considerable time elapsed before any impression could be made upon the fare . Eventually , through the exertions of the firemen , police , and strangers , the fire yielded to the exertions of the parties employed . The damage done is very considerable , and at a moderate estimate it will amount to several hundred pounds .
Moke Incendiary Fires in Hertfordshire . — Hertford , Thursday . —On Monday night , about talfpast eleven o ' clock , a fire broke out on the Parsonage farm at King ' s Walden , near . Stevenage , occupied by Mr . G . Roberts , an eminent agriculturist . Mr . Roberts had just retired to his bed-room , when he heard a cry of " Fire ! " and on looking out of the window he observed that his own premises were in flames . In . a very short time the fire spread front barn to barn until the whole farm-yard was blazing . The Hitchin and Luton engines were soon on the spot , but the fire continued to burn with unabated fury until five o ' clock in the morning , when the whole of the buildings , with the exception of one barn , a cow-house , and the farm-house , which stood at a distance from
the barns , were reduced to ashes . The agricultural labourers showed great reluctance to assist in extinguishing the flames , and it was found advisable to station a guard in the rick-yard , which was some distance off , to detect or prevent any fresh act of incendiarism . The clergyman of the parish , who was at the scene of the conflagration , was very active in his attempts to check the progress of the flames , but his endeavours to induce the great body of the labourers to assist him were ineffectual . Some of them , assisted , but a great many looked on and replied to the appeal made to them in a manner indicative of the utmost unconcern , and accompanied by the most offensive expressions . The loss is estimated at £ 2 ^ 00 . The"farm belongs to William Hale , Esq ., one ( Ji the most extensive landowners in the county , whose seat is at Kinpwalden . Itmay be recollected that about three weeks 6 ince a fire took place at Lilly Hoo farm ,
between Hitchin and Luton , and in the occupation of Mr . Uette ; and that the whole , with the exception of the dwelling-house and a range of fagot stacks , was destroyed . On Monday night last , at nine o ' clock , the fagot stacks were discovered to be on fire , and in the course of an hour and a half all of them were consumed . Nothing now remains standing but the farmhouse . No doubt is entertained that the staclis were wilfully fired . On the following night ( TueJ&ay ) , at eleven o ' clock , another fire pecurreajn awHeattstack , on the Bedford-road , about a mile - from Uitchin . Near the stack in which the fire originated were three other stacks , and the flames extended to these with great rapidity , ending -with their total destruction . The loss is estimated at £ ? 0 Q . The stacks were close by the road-side , and at a considerable distance , from any building . It is confidently stated , that the last fire was the act of an incendiarv .
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4 v < Ci- ^^ x .
' 'k AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL . ! ¦
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- "U Lv — ^ —^—j ^__ . i I » - : . ^ ^ i ^ ^ -1 ' ^ OfcoffllL ^ Na 370 . •¦^^ De ^ SATIJBfiXY , DECEMBER , 14 1844 ^^^^ ^^^ ~\ ^\\ ¦>¦¦ : , - ¦ - -, ¦ * A ^» **;•** . FiTe 8 Mninw , Sbtpcpct . < | imrter . I 1— !
To The Employed.
TO THE EMPLOYED .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 14, 1844, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct517/page/1/
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