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ORIGINAL REPUBLICAN APHORISMS.
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TO HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
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Vavi*tie#.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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NT 7 BSEBT RHYMES . " Hey my kitten , my kitten , Hey & 7 kittoo , my deary : Such a tweet pet u this , Wu nerer seen fai or neary !" Quoth Mrs . Pickeb to Nurse LiILT , While gazing on the Royal filly" Now , is she not a lovely creature ? How finel ; formed in limbs and feature While in her cot the dear doth lie ; In splendid piff-mj ma-jesty , Tbe heavenly smiles her lips that light Can , like the day-beams , bar" « h night !
Somnns , -while thus her Benses steeping In—to be plain * while she la sleeping . Bat that I am forbid to greet Her -with . & kiss—I'd kiss the toeet 1 Well , I new . •'—look , look ! she hath . Te'd , and Oh laok ! she wants the both Squall ! squall ' . —How lustily she screams < Just wakened op from golden dreams ! Lill , nsTer mind her prtcious din , Bnt plunge the lovely darling in . " " Well , now again your elean and dry , Ikar little honey , hush-a-by ! Well , no—but since you will not nap , My pretty Princess , take jovx pap - '"
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M 0 RX 1 XG WALK Come with me , loTe—the morn ' s most mild and cheer ingfind Let us wander forth , while sinks the tempest , Among the leafless woods , and list Their deep and solemn rear . flee , o ' er the hedge row sprinkled , bright and countless Drops , such as Nature when in sadness weepeth , All trembling In the fitf al gust , Display their mingling hues . And , on the grten and distant western upland , Cbe bow , best token of rich fu'nrt mercies , Plants , in a spot of sunshine sweet , Its gsy and noiseless foot ! Bow would the emaciated , pale mechanic , Boomed in close factory to labour constant , Enjoy the soul-entrancing scene ! Bat this is not allowed .
And what a treat these health-infusing breezes Would be to him , from wife , child , separated Xow , for ihe crime of being poor , In yonder Whig-built hell ' . life's dreariest track , o ' er which sweet freedom hovers H ** h frequent greens , and spots of sunshine pleasant : Bat all is sterile—all is dark , Where liberty not reigns . W . J . Leicester .
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EXIGIIA . I ' m sometimes short , and sometimes tall ; I ' m sometimes stout , and semetime 3 small ; Though faried by each maker ' s hand ; As upright as a post I stand .-2 » ine brothers have I , curious creatures , Is * one like the reel in form or features ; Yet true it is , you'd be delighted , To see how well we ' re all united : But most essential far am IWithout me all the rest -would die . At church I am the first of all ; At horse-race , market , rout , or ball ; I won the Leger last September , And sweepstakes , too , as all remember ; In short , co-equals I hare none , I am t& . e great , the only one . E . A
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SONNET TO LOVETT AND COLLINS , 0 * perusal of their Id : production to the working men . Io-rett and Collins axe enough to show Heaven scatters mental gifts with liberal hand ; >" or leaTes the labourers an unthinking band ; But with impartial rmiles deigns to bestow On the uncultured mind a brighter glow Than often fires the nobles of a land , Else gold might hare permission to command , And power would sanction every unjust law , Season speaks out , and , in the Toice of " Watts , " Proclaims the standard of a man ' s the mind , And not the » T"mai—caged by ingots . Or yet the titled knave , by nature blind , J » o , no ; this soyereign reigns in humble cots , With powers surpassing when with truth enfsrined J . Vernox . South Molton , Not . 30 th , 1 S 40 .
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WHIG MALIGNITY . —A SIMILE . BT " ARGtS Once is my pilgrimage forlorn , A Sower of loTeliest hue , Bear'd proud its head " mid briar and thor n-A » d creeping nettle too . I saw it yield its stately crest , To greet the morning ray , — Looking of all the others—blest , The favourite of mid-day . But night came on , and in its train , The sable demons flew , — They touched the leaves , and ne ' er agian The gerg » ons flower grew . Too soon alas , the colour fled , That stately fonnrecHn'd ; The once erect aDd wrelj ht&i , Now toss'd frith eTery wind .
Methought 1 heard the soft farewell . ' In erery breeze tliat sighed ; And , as I looked , the nower fell , Then kissed the earth and died !
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TAITS MAGAZINE FuR DECEMBER , 1840 . William 1 i . ii , Edinburgh . We just glanced at this number of our old friend last week . Since then we have looked over his fa ges with a little more care , and we are glad to nd him equally in this gloomy month pleasing and instructive a 3 he was in the more blithe and palmy davs of rummer ' s gentle reign . We have a rich and * bl " e aticie on the inefficiency of the Scotch system of Poor Law 3 , in which it 3 utu-r inefficiency is proved by facts of & startling aud appalling character . The heretics and upper classes in what is called religious Scotland , appear from the statements of the able writer to be devoted worshippers of Mammon , and seriously disposed to set every merciful precept of Christianity at complete defiance . We shall probably hare more to say in reference to thi 3 valuable article and its predecessor in the last number .
* The Life aud Times of Momrose is an article -which will be appreciated differently according to ihe taste and predilections of the reader . It cannot fail to afford to the inquiring mind many points for serious reflection . ** No House" is a well written , piquant sketch , of the way in which , the nation ' s business is mismanaged at ihe National Theatre , St . Stephens ; it tells us , however , nothing new ; we have long been aware that the interests of the British people were matters of no conseqaence to those who are suffered to hold the strings of the people ' s pnrse . , There are several other armies well worthy ot attention . We find in this number some good poetry . The lines on the re-hearsal of the bones of Napoleon , contain so mueh sterling gold that we have great pleasure in transferring them to our columns : — .
STANZAS JLDDKESSED TO THE FBE > "CH NATION . * " What went ye forth to see ?"—Scripture . " To what base uses we may return . " —HomUL What do ye with this skeleton . This he&p of bones ail marrowless ? Is this the great Napoleo >' Ye answer , " Even so—no less !" This rotten and nnsightiy thing—Faogh ! mock me aot ! it cannot be That this was once a crowned king , The arbiter of destiny ; In the world ' s eye a demi-god , Before whom nation's bowed and kissed the rod . And what are all these shouts I hear ?
Why do the banners float high nesren 7 Why peal the cannon far aud near ? Is it because to you are given These rotten bones , this putrid clsy ? Ye answer me , " It is , it is . " ' Then , oat upon ye , grim Decay , How could ye touch a thing like tliig—So aacred : feard ' st tho » not that he Would ri « e against aad conquer even Urn 1
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Amid the visions of the night , I gased upon a burning mount , That poured forth streams of iara bright , And flames , u twere a fiery fount , In ghastly heaps lay , all around , The forma of dead and dying men ; While blackened ruins strewed the ground . Lo ! suddenly twos quenched , and , then , What think ye did the sufferers ? Why , straight became this mountain ' s worshippers ! And yet no savages were these , No dwellers in the southern isles ; No roam era under banian trees , Where Pagan rites the scene defiles : They worship senseless stocks and stones . To nobler objects Christian * bow ; Such deem they blood-stained conquerors'
bones—Idiots with crowns upon their brow—And knave * that ore to Mammon sold , With nothing sterling , save it be their gold Yes , bear http to the Place Fendome ! Beside that brazen pillar tall ; And when the strangers wondering come To see ye kneeling , one and all Unto to their questioning reply" A quenched volcan « lyeth here ; -An eagle that no more shall fly To fill the world with wo and fear ,-And unto these we homage pay , Because * tia glorious to devastate and slay ' . "
Then boast of kingdoms overturned , Of Jtna , and of Austerlitz ; Of cities in the red flames burned j And say , be sure , it wall befits Ail humble follower of Him For us upon the Cross who died , 'Through seas of human b ] flpi to swim , With mad Ambition fowl guide ; That thoughts of justice , mercy , love . Should never interfere such purposes to move . When will that light , which , long ago , First shone on this benighted earth , So penetrate each spot below That men shall know a second birth : ¦ Beholding things they see not now ,
For dim and filmed is their vision ; When , when will all the millions bow To that which truly is Elysian—Pure , holy , and above decay ? Grant , Lord , the coning of that glorious day ! H . G * Besides the French nation , the subscribers ellington Monument , and all such things , h ierest in thesvbject of tflese verses .
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We have already exceeded our limits , but we must find room for one extraot more , whieb , for beauty of thought , and richness of sentiment , deserves to be engraved « a every memory , and enshrined is every heart : — LOTE ETERNAL . If love be holy , if that mystery Of co-united hearU be sacrament ; If the unboanded Goodness have infos'd A sacred ardour of a mutual love Into our species ; if those amorous joys , Those sweets of life , those comferts even in death , Spring from a cause above our reason '* reach ; If that clear flame deduce its heat from Heaven , Tis , like its cause , eternal ; always one , As is th' instiller of divinest love , Unehang * d by time , immortal , maugre death . Mabston .
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BT ARGUS . Third A Iphabet—( continued . ) Jaundiced minds are ever prone to search , discover , and malign the motives of others ; measuring the principles of others by their own standardself ; they are invariably found to attack every measure for the general good , solely because they conceive these measures will confer no particular , no personal benefit on themselves ; and determined to prostrate the noblest aims , where they reap no exclusive benefit , they commence their inquisitorial system of annihilation I Finding the measure pure and perfecr , they then attack it in detail , or profess
not to comprehend its present practicability and ultimate tendency ; at length , defeated m their intention of blasting a principle , they attack its advocates ; in ' their moral , intellectual , private and public characters , and where they find one loophole , they tear the whole to shreds ! Thus , by their mode of attack alone , a powerful and lasting good is annihilated ; the nobles ; human structure is perhaps for ever destroyed , -which they never had power to conceive , nor ever possessed capability to rear . Alas I for our country , for humanity , how prolific audbownumberlessaretbesebypocritieal " growths " in our land , what a loathsome boBt of disciples there are in this school !
King-craft and priest-cra ft are both children of the same parents ; they are the combined effects of imbecility and wickedness . The moment a community becomes weak enough to adopt favouritism as a characteristic principle , then follows the exaltation of the favourite , who is afterwards distinguished amoDgst his equals and superiors by the title of " King . " For a very short time he may advise his " subjects" with sincerity , and represent their interests honestly ; but soon he tastes the sweets of "office "—becomes corrupt , and knowing that his power can only be sustained by the will of the people ( at this stage of his ruling existence ) , he distributes his emissaries amongst his subjectssows dissentions where the people attempt to iuquire
his character , his procedure , —circulates pecuniary bribes amongst the dishonest , —procures a number of worthless wretches , whom he designates " nobles " and " guards , "—gathers his creatures , men of the most despicable character , to assist him in distributing what he terms "justice , " —lives a life of debauchery , teeming with no trait of humanity , save tyranny and wickedness , —assumes the man in nothing but his vices , —dies a " saint !"—hands down his character ! his virtues ! and his " crown , " to his heirs ; to be by them duly appreciated , so long as the ignorance of his " subjects" prevail , or their mental blindness will permit . The same community , by the example of their "king" and his "court" ] aunchi « t
, out into all the irregularities that unrestrained appetites are capable of , grasp with avidity the promises held out by a number of morally regardless vagabonds , who hold out the prospect of plenty to the starving , and peace to the wicked ; and contrive , by dint of a little monkish legerdemain , to impose their false doctrines on the weak , and their impure designs on the wicked , —holding out reward to the one and pardon to the other , they thus lull their poor dupes into security , and find them ever ready and -willing instruments in the promotion of their own base , immoral , and unchristian deigns . Republicans , Chartists , Christians , thoso are " kings , " and these are ** priests ! " —which do you choose ?
Liberty ! universal Liberty ! is the heavenly vicegerent that is worshipped by every animated object existing in nature . To curb the freedom of the mind would be fancying an absurdity ; to trample on the natural laws of freedom in the body , guiltless of crime , is rebellion against God ! To bind down the will , by other than moral laws , is the preface to a consequent aberration from our duty to the Creator . When the mind and the body are restrained , except in the necessary legislative enactments , that oblige the unworthy to perform certain duties to society , we may calculate on disease in the one and despair in ine other ; from whence arise poverty , crime , misrule , and civil commotion . What a responsible
position is that man placed in who is supposed to represent his fellows , aud appointed by his constituents to frame and enforce " laws" that are anticipated to meet th « consent and obedience of all ! How fearful are the consequences depending on his capability and his hones » y ! Aud yet how glaringly apparent is the want oJ ' both in many who are so positioned , even at the time our pen is engaged in legibly impressing our will . Alas ! prejudice may blind men from perceiving the truth , but this truth is placed beyond doubt—the fact is seJf-evid * nt . Help aud assist them , 0 God ! to hear the voice of reason , that they may avoid , in future , the doom that is ready to ingulf them for their past misdeeds I
Mystery is invariably adopted by knavish schemers to toist some counterfeit object on our acceptance ; wherein ambiguity exists see that you are watchful , and where there is darkuess be on your guard . Negociations , whatever be the matter of treaty , ought to be characterised by the most clear , decided , and most equitable terms to all parties ; yet how rarely do we witness- such an adjustment in modern treaties ? Two parties meet , with the pre-determined intention of grappling with and seizing any advantage that may occur to either , without inducing , even a momentary thought , on the benefit that
would accrue from their labours , if both were intent on obtaining and granting equal justice to all . How many thousands of our countrymen have been sacrificed to satisfy the proviso of a modern treaty ! and how many stliy negociations—how many thimbie-rig finalities have we witnessed , " blundering away" — playing their part , to gratify mercenary purposes , in a diplomatic mission ! O for the voice of Stentor , the power of Desiosthene 3 , and the elegance of Cicero , that our will might attain sufficient influence to stem these royal legislative jobbings , these partypurpose treaties , and whirling in goc ations !
Order throughout all the various ramifications of society is best sustained by the due and impartial administration of ju > tice ; wroDg creates dissatisfaction , turbulence , and rebellion : society iu general suffers by the conflict , aud all are hazarding their peace , comfort , and prosperity iu the injury done to the comiiion-weal by civil strife . Why not , then , endeavour to modify , or rather to eradicate , staie abuses ere they reach this btanding in importance ? Medical professioualists find it easier to prevent disease thau to effect its care ; may not legislators find it their interest ( we know it is their dnty ) likewise to apply the balni in time ? Persecution is the first , the most effective , aud the only invariable stimulant that can be applied to a new truth , a new science , or a new principle , to insure ; ts ultimate triumph ; and the destruction ot one or two of its advocates is sufficient of itself to
spread and nourish the novelty : nay , more , the bare fact of one martyr being sacrificed lor any cause is sufficient to stamp its existence with permanency , aud tends , if the cause is good , to establish it universally . Go on , whijis ! go on , most wise , learned , and immaculate legislators !—so on !
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It 13 with the deepest pain that we mention a rumour , now grown into absolute certainty , of the loss of her Majesty ' s ship Fairy , 10 guns . She left Harwich on the 13 ; h , tor the purpose of surveying some neighbouring sauds , which were rapidly filling up , and must of course have encountered the late tremendons storm . It was ascertained before she left Harwich that Bhe had no desigu whatever of proceeding beyond a few hours' sail , having only on board at the time two days' provisions . All hope of her safety has been resigned for some days , as , had she been driven out to sea , and put into any French port for refuge , we must have heard of her before this . She has been employed for some timo past as a surveying skip along the coast , and had on board , a % midshipman , the son of Sir Charles Adam . — United Service Gazette .
The Depi . vite Article . —The mere substitution of the definite lor the indefinite article is capable of changing entirely the meaning of a sentence . " That is a ticket " is the assertion of a certain fact ; but " That is the ticket ! " means something which it quite different . —The Comic English Grammar Carlow Election . —Colonel Bruen is returned for this county . The following is the state of the poll for the three days it was open , viz ., Tuesday , Wednesday , and Thursday : —
. Bruen , ( Tory ) 280 Ponsonby , ( Whig ) 201 Majority for Bruen , ... 79 WEDNESDAY . Bruen , ... ... ... 218 Ponsonby , ... ... ... 199 Majority for Bruen , ... 19 THUBSDAY . Bruen , ... 182 Ponsonby ... ... ... 137 Majority for Bruen , ... 4 i Total majority for Bruen on the S days , 143
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FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE BIRMINGHAM AND DERBY RAILWAY . VERDICT OF MANSLAUOHTEB . Birmingham , Saturday Evening . The Coroner ' s inquest on the body of the unfortunate man , Richard Black , who met his death On the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway , on Wednesday evening last , commenced yesterday , and terminated tbia morning , as will be seen by the following abridged report , in the committal of two men for manslaughter . But subsequently Mr . Marson , one of the under-eontractors for the repairs of the line , waa also committed by a magistrate , to take his trial for negligence , in allowing an obstruction on the line , contrary to the provisions of Lord Seymour ' s . Act The proceedings were opened at the Swan Inn , Nether Whitscre , near Coleshill , where the body of Black now lies . Mr . G . C . Qreenway , of Warwick in the absence of Mr . Whatbley , presided as coroner . The Earl of Aylesford , who resides in the neighbourhood , waa present , and took great interest in the proceedings .
The first witness called was William Ponlton , guard on ihe line , who deposed that he was with the downtrain which left Birmingham at half-past five o ' clock on Wednesday evening . They arrived at Coleshill station at twelve minutes past eight o ' clock , being five minutes behind time , and on reaching Orgrel ' s-end Bridge , near Whitacre , they came in contact , as he subsequently ascertained , with a small truck on the railB . The concussion detached the engine and tender , which went off tnu line of the railway , and two of the first carriages , which were of the third class , were turned over upon their sides . The remainder of the
train consisted of second class carriages , and one of the first class . These kept on the line and ran on about thirty yards . The deceased , who was riding in one of the third class carriages , was pulled from under the engine quite dead . The stoker , whose name was Atkins , had one of his legs broken , but the engineer was not hurt . Another man , named Naylor , was much bruised , and was lying at a farmhouse in the neighbourhood . It was moonlight . There was nothing in the way that they could see . There were no luggage waggons attached to the train . The truck was used by the plate-layers for the purpose of carrying materials along the line .
By the Coroner—The teuck was certainly not in its proper place when the train came op , for the train was due and behind time . If the men had been any way quick , they might have turned the truck over , and got it out of the way before the arrival of the train . It was usual to ke « p trucks on the rails for the purpose of repair , and when the train arrived to throw them off . But he did not see that there was any necessity for having a truck on the line at all at the time the accident occurred . The men were not required to work on
on the railway longer than daylight . He never saw any men at work on the line after dark before that night . Men were stationed along the line at every part which was considered in any way to be dangerous . Whenever there was anything wrung , a man was placed with a signal lamp . There were also inspectors , whose duty it was to take care of certain lengths ot the line , fie could not tell whether there were any inspectors between Coleshill and Whittle the night the accident occurred , but he knew there was one stationed at Coleshill .
George Somerville , being sworn , stated that he was engine-driver to the three-quarter past 11 a . m . train from Derby and the half-past five o ' clock train from Bir » mingham . They arrived at Whitacre at the time stated by the last witness . He never recollected seeing a truck on the line after dark before that night . He did not see anybody with the truck , and indeed be never saw anything until he was in the ditch , where he met one man ( whom he did not know ) , who confessed he was with the truck , but he ( witness ) had not time to question him further , as he had to look after his mate , the stoker , and he did not ste the man afterwards . The engine and carriage -were in excellent working order , and when the accident occurred all was going on as well as they could go .
By Mr . Carter—Mr . John Stevenson was the contractor for the maintenance of the permanent way from Hampton to Tamworth , and Mr . Marson was employed under him to see tha work kept in order . For that purpose i . e had gangs of men along the line , under the orders of a superintendent . If he ( witness ) had seen a track on the line during the day , it would have been his business to report it to Mr . Hartley , the superintendent of locomotive power , and he should have reported it to Mr . Burkinshaw , the engineer . He ( witness ) bad been employed on the Newcastle and Carlisle and upon the London and Birmingham lines ,
and had been recommended by the manager of the last line to Mr . Burkinshaw , under whom he had been employed the last twelve months . He cartainly considered the Derby line the safest he had ever been on . In the first place , there were not many cuttings and embankments ; and iu the next place , they had a good set of engines . As respected the watching and guarding , it was conducted like other lines . The present was the first accident which had occurred on the Derby line . He had had fourteen years' experience in working stationary engines in North Shields , and two years as a nrenian before he was employed on railways , making sixteen years' experience altogether .
By the Coroner—At the time the accident occurred tha train was going at the rate of from twenty-eight to thirty miles in the hour . The greatest speed at which he had ever gone might be from forty-two to forty-fuur miles in the hour . He did not think he had v * r beaten that Mr . John Burkinshaw was then called , and deposed that he was resident engineer and manager of the Birmingham and Derby Kailvray , and stated that the men wtsre OHly required to work on the line during daylight , except in cases of real necessity , when proper signals would be placed at equal distances along the line , one at each side where the party was at work . The truck which caused the accident had no right to be on the line , nor was there any necessity for it . The hours of the men wero frwu six in the morning until six afc night in summer , and during daylight in winter , but they were often required to work during the night when
there was any appearance of danger , arising from a slip ot other causa , on the line . The mtn were employed by a contractor , and were under his controul . Ho believed the number employed on the lineforthe purposes of protection w .-re in proportion to those eiupleyud on the London and Birmingham line . He only knew from report tbe purpose for which the truck was placed upon the line on the ftight in question , but he coul . l say that there was nothing in tha state of the line , which was in perfect order , to require it to bo there at the time . The witness , after answering some questions put by Lord Aylesford , produced a printed list of regulations to be observed by the Company ' s servants on the line , and which , in conclusion , stated that the placing the truck upon the line was a clear breach of those instructions . No person had a right to Use a truck on the line except f « r the Company's work , and it ought not for any purpose to have been on tbo line at the time the accident occurred .
Mr . Stevenson , the contractor , wa 9 examined at great lensth , with a view to corroborate the stutements made by Mr . Burkinshaw , and exonorate the compuny from all blame . It appeared that on Wednesday morning Mr . Stevenson directed Mr . Marson , who was in his employ , to send a letter for him to Tamworth , and that for the purpose of doing the journey quickly , Mr . Marson , without any order from Mr . Stevenson , sent two men in a truck with the letter in question . Lord Aylesford—I wish to ask Mr . Stevenson whether he knew there was to be a truck taken up last Wednesday night from here to Tarn worth ? Witnbss—I did , my Lord . Loid Aylesford—Who went with it ?
Witness—Mr . Marson , my Lord , will explain that better than I can . I wished , to have a message sent to my clerk at Tauiworth on Wednesday morning , and entrusted it to Mr . Manson to have it forwarded with all despatch in the hope of catching the train , and a note was forwarded by one of the trucks . I did not know the w&n who tuok it , bat Mr . Marson does . In answer to questions from Mr . Carter , witness said that if trucks were used for any purposes than the work of the company it would be a breach of the regulations , and that the note he sent was not connected with the work of the company . Coroner—Did you direct how the note should be sent ? Witness—I did not I was not aware that it would be Bent in this way . Tbe note was sent at twelve at noon , and I understood they did the distance in about half an hour .
A great deal of evidence was then given , from which it appeared that Mr . Marson ordered the two men named Barber and King , to take tha truck to Tamworth , and that he accompanied them six miles on tbe road , when , after giving them the latter to carry forward , he left them directions to be very careful as to the trains . They remained at Tamworth a considerable time , and on their return tuey were warned by a policeman at Kingsbury , at two and a half miles from where the accident occurred , as to the prubable arrival of the trains , when they replied to the effect that all was right , and were fully prepared to remove the truck upon th * approach of danger . It so happened , however , according to their own statement , that when in the act of attempting to remove the truck , the train came in upon them , and the accident occurred , by which Black lost his life . The inquest adjourned at half past seven o ' clock .
On Saturday morning , the Jury met at eleven , and the Coroner proceeded to hear the evidence . He observed that after hearing a great quantity of evidence , no blame appeared to attach t » the company , but rested entirely upon the contractors' department and the two men in charge of the truck . As it regarded Mr . Marson , the evidence he thought was not sufficiently strong to jnstify a verdict of manslaughter , but be had little doubt if acquitted by them , the ouse , as it affected him , would be met in another way . The Jury then , after some consideration , rotnrned a verdict of manslaughter against Barber and King , the two men with the truck , and the Coroner committed them to take their trial for that offence at the next assizes for the county of Warwick .
Mr . Carter , addressing Lord Aylesford , then said , that he was instructed on the part of the railway directors to state that they were determined to prosecute Mr . Marson under Lord Seymour ' s Act for negligently placiug on obstruction on the trams of the railway . Lord Aylesford said , that , as a cou&ty magistrate , ho was prepared to hear ttw charge ,
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Tbe evidence , aa it affected Mr . Marson , and already smmmarily stated , was then gone into , and at ita conclusion , Lord Aylesford said he felt bound to commit the prisoner to take his trial at Warwick . He accordingly committed him , but Mr . Marson subsequently procured bail to answer the indictment to be preferred against him , and he -was discharged oat of custody .
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Madam , —In presenting to you , as the chief magistrate of this kingdom , the series of letters of which this is the first , I beg most respectfully to state , that I am actuated by no motive of personal ambition , arid by no wish to promote party or class interests , as contradistinguished from the general interests of the whole people . I am moved , I trust , solely by an
earnest desire to promote the general happiness aad prosperity of my country , and , as far as a » y influence I may possess extends , of mankind at large . I am sensible that the subject I am about to discuss is one which is closely and intimately connected with the welfare and prosperity of all classes of your Majesty ' s subjects ; and one , therefore , which has high claims upon the attention of her who has been , in the order of Divine Providence , called to the exercise of a marked and extensive influence orer tbe destinies of millions .
In those letters it will be my task to bring before the notice of your Majesty facts of an appalling character , as to the state of demoralisation and crime in which large masses of the people of this country are unhappily involved . I shall have to show that that state of demoralisation and crime is , t « a frightful extent , attributable to the laws and institutions of the land ; and I shall have to demonstrate that vast changes in these laws and institutions must be effected ere . you can reasonably hope to sway your sceptre over a happy , prosperous , sober , and religious people . But though this may be a picture of an uncourtly character , it is one on
which it is most necessary that you accustom yourself to look with a steady and discriminating gaze : and although bom in a circle of society , and surrounded , by circumstances and influences the most unfavourable for taking a just and enlightened view of the important matters to which I am about to invite your attention , yet believing that you have been endowed by the Divine author of life , with an understanding to comprehend the lessons of truth , and a heart to feel for your people when their true condition is fairly placed before yon , I will hope that you will not refuse to listen to a
" plain unvarnished tale , " told , it may be , with great simplicity , but , let me assure your Majesty , with the utmost sincerity , and with devoted attachment to what is really good and excellent in the constitution of my country . In the remarks which I am anxious to bring under your royal notice , I trust no word will escape my pen which can be justly deemed offensive . I shall , I hope , ever bear in mind the respect due to your station , and especially to your sex . I appeal to your Majesty as the Executive power of the State , and every line of that appeal shall breathe the true loyalty of a Briton , and the genuine courtsey of a man .
At a time like the present , when adverse interests are at wotk , and when an age of transition from one state of society to another has evidently commenced , it becomes matter of serious and important inquiry whether the changes which must inevitably take place , shall tend to the establishment of human happiness , or the perpetuation , perhaps for ages , of habits and modes of thinking , and of acting , which must be productive of a large amount of misery and crime .
One thing m the conflicting mass of opinions which are deluging the world seems to be conceded by all ; that is , that the present institutions of society are now incapable of answering the end for which they were originally designed , and that a remodiflcation or reorganisation of the social fabric must be obtained . This I say is admitted by all ; but beyond this we seem to have no common ground . The sentiments put forth by different writers , and the remedies they prescribe for the disorders of the body , social and politic , ore as wide asunder as tbe poles , and as divers as the points
of the compass . One man would go to past ages , to rake up the rubbish of times gone by , in order to mend , patch up , and give stability to that which the wear and tear of time has rendered utterly unfit for further service , while bis neighbDur , in this pretended work of renovation , would reject every thing that is ancient ; nothing but new Btones from the quarry , and green timber from the wood , will do for him . It does not require much wisdom to discover that with such workmen , and such materials , no practical good can be effected . The one will attempt to repair , and sustain rubbish , with its like , till the whole mass comes
tumbling about his ears , and buries him in its ruins , while the other , with his unhewn stones and unseasoned timber , tries in vain to rear an edifice which will stand firm in the midst of the blast and the tempest , offering a secure depository for the most invaluable rights and liberties , which he so highly prizes , and which he tells us he is desirous of transmitting , with all their unnumbered blessings , to his children , and his children ' s children .
Amid all the balderdash and confusion , the sound , ami noise , ami hubbub which pervades the land , it is not surprising that things of the utmost moment are overlooked , and that sometimes incalculable mischief is done to public interests , public morality , or public liberty , by unprincipled parties in high places , while taking advantage of the state of conflict and confusion into which , it may be , their own machinations have contrived to throw the public mind . As an instance or two of this , I may mention the way in which tbe Russian autocrat was permitted to exterminate the rights of Poland , while the people of England were busily engaged in aiding the middle classes to get that
franchise which has enabled them to trample , almost uncontrolled , upon th * rights of labour , and to perpetuate acU from which the Tories would have shrunk with shame , and the virtuous portion of them with horror and abhorrence . I may also mention th ^ passing of the Poor Law Amendment Act , ( on the nature and effects of which your Majesty ' s faithful people will enlighten your royal mind one of these days , i while the people of England were engaged in the consideration of some subject , or in the agitation of some question of no more paactical utility to them than the discussion of the problem how to square the circle . A thousand such instances mi ^ ht be adduced , but these are sufficient for the purpose of illustration .
To obviate , as much aa possible , the obstacles thus continually thrown in the way of practical improvement , or unavoidably arising from the weakness and imperfection of human nature , is clearly the duty of every good and honest citizen ; and this , in my opinion , can be best accomplished hy bringing , in a calm , dispassionate , and deliberate manner , the various anomalies which exist in , and the numerous evils which affect society , under the notice and consideration of the Sovereign and the people . This , in a country where the press is , to a considerable extent , unshackled , can
be done most effectually through thai medium ; and hence I conceive that no apology will be necessary for the honest patriotism which addresses these letters to your Majesty , in which I propose to discuss a subject which , while it stands intimately connected with your important state duties , as Queen of this great empire , cannot fail to interest your f <; elingsand sympathies , both as a woman and a mother . Suffer me then to introduce to your most serious attention the important , perhaps , politically and strictly speaking , I shall not err if I say the all-important , subject of prison discipline and criminal jurisprudence .
This subject , which involves in its consequences and results of a magnitude and importance , second to no other , is one of these which have been to a very considerable extent overlooked , neglected , or misunderstood , and yet to a reflecting mind , a mind which is iu the habit of looking beyond the mere surface of things , which is accustomed to trace effects to causes , and to contemplate remote consequences in connection with immediate results , it is a subject fraught with the most Stirling interest , aud demanding at once the most searching inquiry , united with sound judgment , penetrating intelligence , and calm deliberation .
The important investigation upon which we are about to enter , haa reference to some inquiries which , at first sight , may not appear to belong to it . The prosecution of crime , and the puuiahment of the offender , are matters connected with man as he exists in society , and as he exists hi society only . If each individual was isolated and independent , society could not exist , and consequently crime against society would be impossible , and its punishment a nonentity . It follows , then , that in considering the state of crime , and of ita prev « Bttom am 4 pmabhment , we must consider man m
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congregated in society ; and the end for which society " was established , become * , of coarse , one of the firrt questions of inquiry . We must ever bear in mind , as a point of immense moment , the f * ct that tbe aggregation of men in society & widely different from tbe aggregation of parts in ft complicated machine .. To make the latter perform ita designed purpose in obedience to the impelling power , nothing more is necessary than to keep the whole in a state of proper adjustment , and to remove any dirt or other impediment which might derange its structure and prevent the due performance of their respective
functions by its several parts . Bnt in the social machine things attain a very different state-Like every other machine , it is a whole made up o individual parts ; bnt , unlike anyother , its parts are active while theirs are entirely passive . That is to say , every part of society , every individual comprising th « social family , has a will of his own ; he has persona ] designs to subserve , and personal wishes to gratify . The fact is , men in society are constantly actuated by two opposite and opposing tendencies : the one leading them to seek and to secure those advantages which society affords ; and , as a means , to submit to the
restraints which they most yield to in order to gain their end ; and the other urging them to seek that apparently natural , bat , in truth , spurious independence , which results from unbridled and universal license ; and it is just in proportion as the one or the other of their tendencies prevail , that a man is a good or a bad member of society . Hence it is plain that the character of the individuals composing it make , in reality , the character of the social state as a -whole . If the people be individually moral , sober , just , virtuous , kind , and religious , sueh will the nation be . If , on the contrary the people individually be immoral , intemperate , onjost
in their dealings with each other , vicious , cruel , and irreligious , this will be the character of the nation generally ; and in proportion as either class prevail will be the happiness or misery which will be enjoyed by , or pervade the community . On these tendencies of the mass of mankind the political institutions of a country hawyj&narked and decided influence , and amongst allVwPfe institutions none is more powerful in its outbearings upon the state of crime than the penal enactments which may be in force at any given period , ff these enactments are distinguished by harshness and undue seventy ; if they treat the criminal not
as a moral agent , capable of reformation and amendment , the medium of corrective measures applicable to his moral sense , but reduce him below the level of a brute , sending him to herd with the most abandoned of his species , and dismissing him from his prison house , only the more qualified and fitted for a career of reckless iniquity , equally unaffected by the lessons of human punishment as by the prospects of a further judgment , or , if , on the other hand , the criminal is acted upon only by correction , shut out from all tbe
charities of life , and subjected to indignities , and to privations which no feeling mind could bring itself to contemplate without horror , or to infliot even upon the most degraded and sunken grades of humanity ; if such , I say , be the conduct prescribed and followed out by the criminal jurisprudence of the country , then ws nuy rest assurud , that without the alteration of such a system , no really beneficial change in the state of the criminal population can be effected , or indeed can be rationally expected .
From what I have said , I hope that it will appear evident that we must , if we intend to come to right conclusions from admitted premises , preface our investigation into the state of crime , its causes , and the most efficient remedy , by a short examination into the physical and moral structure of man in his jndividnal character , and then e proceed to consider him in bis social relations with his fellow-men . We shall by this means be able to ascertain , with tolerable accuracy , the bearing which the one has upon the other , and shall thus have laid a firm and solid basis on which to rear a superstructure which shall tend to tbe prevention of crime to a considerable extent , destroying
or removing its cause , and afford solid ground of hope that many who are now the pest and the curse of oar beloved country may be restored to tbe paths of duty and virtue , and thus become a blessing and an ornament to the land of their birth . To obtain this great and desirable object , no paltry feelings , or party intrigues , or jealousies , should be permitted for one moment to oppose an obstacle' nor should cupidity or avarice be allowed to put in the wedge of selfishness to stop the progress of improvement It has been well observed in the report of the inspectors of prisons , that in every reclaimed criminal , not only ia the ranka of tbe criminal population reducad by one , but the state haa also gained a good and worthy subject .
Not doubting but that this high and momentous subject must excite in the bosom of your Majesty those feelings of sympathy and interest which its vast importance is so well calculated to inspire , I will venture to hope that you will give the whole weight of your influence to those well-digested and judicious plans which may be framed for the improvement of this most important branch of our national jurisprudence . I hare the honour to be , Madam , Your Majesty's truly / ajtt / w £ subject , NTJMA . London , Dec . 7 th , 1840 .
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The Royal infant is said to pasg the greater portion of the twenty-four hours in sleep . Tflia proof , if no other could be adduced , would demonstrate the purity of ita Royal descent I ALBERT . How sweet to hear de rapture of de people , Dus ringing out from eb ' ry parish steeple .
VICTORIA . Sweet as the cash that , a-la Filch or Lockit , We're always wringing out of John Bull ' s pocket . Hobhoose , who , in his Rudical days , declared that Royalty in Europe would be extinct in a quarter of a century , is quite overjoyed at the birth ot a Princess Royal—declaring that the dear little thing is a child after his own heart , from the fact of its cries being incessant for the btllfe . The following lines from Cowper were found in the Royal , cot , ic is said , oa its reaching Buckingham Palace : — I pity king 3 whom worship waits upon , Obsequious from the cradle to the throne ; Before whose infant eyes the flatterer bows , And binds a wreath about their baby brows : Whom educati''ii stiffens into state , And death awakens from that dr ^ -itm too late !
To such people a are curious to seo the Royal infant , we deem it but an act of kindness to apprise them that "her Royal Highness"resembles , in the general outline , other children—it has two eyea . one nose , a mouth , arms , Jegs , fingurs , toes , aud alJ other things , save the ears , formed after the ordinary model of humanity . The only thing in which it differs with the rest of the iufantme world is as regards intellect , and there it stands on a proud pre-emineace I Dr . Locock is said to have received ono thousand pounds fur the services rendered by him at the accouchement of tli « Queen . Hall ' that sum , it is also understood , was paid respectively to Dr . Ferguson and Mr . Bla ^ deu . This will be a cud for Jonathan to chew , who venerates Royalty on the Bcore of its bting so cheap a luxury !
Church News . —The Bishop of Carlisle has had an attack of lumbago , which so severely affected him that for two successive days he was obliged to be carried to his seat at the dinner table . The Bishup of Meath has died worth something short of half a million of money ! Crikd Mel , when nude was shown the Royal "fruit , " " Behold the Princess in her birthday suit !" " De vet nurse ! " de ret nurse ! " shouted Field Marshal his Royal Highuess Prince Albert . "What ' s the matter ! ' * cooKy asked nurse Lilly . " " Dis leteei ron has drink so ' much dat it run ail over , Madame Lilly , " replied the Fidd Ma « ba ] » " and vet me . " The dry nurse was insUntlj summoned . ¦
For sometime the Royal nurses were at a loss to account for the " little stranger " keeping up such a repetition of squalls ; must Lilly , however , wiser thau the rest , discovered that the interesting n'n'Vin of Royalty had the wind on her stomach . Ir has been suggested , in order to make ft distinction between the Royal babe and ordinary children , in the mode of taking food , that the wet nurse should wear a gold breatt-plaie . The pap , of course , will be dished * p < ¦
KURSBBT HHTMBS . List ! list ! quoth Melbourne , list to that loud shoot—What is ' t ? The Princess squalli&g for a clout I ' " Dis child crying , Madame Lilly , " saUd Alb ert , on his tirsi essay at nursing . No , no , your Royal Highness , " replied the Lilly of the Bedchamber , "the darling is as quiet as a lamb . " "Yaw , jaw , Madame Lilly , " exclaimed the Prince , " I feel iU tears on mein lap . " The lady of ihe napkins was instantly ramiBtnod .
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THE BRITISH TEMPERANCE ADVOCATE A 2 sD JOURNAL , November , 1840 . LivESEr : Isle of Man . This number of the Advocate is fuil of valuable matter , and of pleasing intelligence as to the progress of the Temperaace cause . The first article , " Our Encouragements , " is well written , and highly calculated to confirm all who are engaged in any department of the work , to press on in their
God-like efforts to raise and ble = s the fallen children of humanity . We are glad to find that , in almost every place , there is a marked bearing in the public mind towards the reception and general diffusion of abstinence principles . The article headed " Drunkenness not the vice of the vulgar only , " is also worthy of the serious attention of all tbe respectable portion of society . We also gladly direct the notice of our readers to " Tie wine question , " and the Temperance Pledge . " '
Original Republican Aphorisms.
ORIGINAL REPUBLICAN APHORISMS .
To Her Most Gracious Majesty The Queen.
TO HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN .
Vavi*Tie#.
Vavi * tie # .
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LAICUS UNMASKED , A POEM ; being a reply to the gross misrepresentations and unfounded allegations of Laicvs , the great centenarian , in which 13 explained the principles and - practice of Total and Entire Abstinence , by David Ross . Heywood , Manchester . This little work is evidently the production of a mind deeply impressed with the sad effects of h&bitS of intemperance , and with the beauty and excellence
of total abstinence . The sentiments are good ; but the author evidently writes in baste , and without that regard to style which is indispensable to every one who wishes to write well . On re-writing his poem pfor a seeoud edition , he will , we hope , see the necessity of remodelli > g some of the expressions so as to give to his ideas a more easy and natural flow . By a little care aad attention to this matter , his labours will be rendered more acceptable to the pnbiic , and , consequently , more useful to the cause he has at heart . We subjoin the following beautiful apostrophe to water as a specimen : —
"All haiLgrigat water , offspring of the sea , Danghter oJRcean , boundless , ever free ! VTbose rapid rivers , rushing to tbe main In silver streamlets , fructify tbe plain . Thou , as a beverage , our regard shouldst claim , Who ne ' er the che « k of innocence did shame ; Each lovely flower that rears its beauteous head , By thee , in pearly drops , is ever fed . Of thee bereft , no charms eou ) d they impxrt , Tield ought of fragrance , or delight the heart , ?<" or spotless lily ciothetne hilla with pride , >* or golden daisy crown the mountain side ; Tbe grassy glade , the oak , majestic tree , Would perisa all , blest water , but for thee . "
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exertions to secure this desirable object entitles him to expect . The pieces selected are extremely diversified in their tone and character . Some are grave , and some are gay . One story is calculated to instruct , and another to amuse . The work is indeed calculated for all times , and likely to be a favourite at every season . It is equally fitted to be the companion of a country ramble , or to add to the diversified pleasures of a social party round a winter's ereaing fire . We give , as a specimen of the contents , a sweet rural poem , entitled u The Village Wedding , " which , we think , will secure the approbation of our readers : —
LEE'S PENNY FORGET-ME-NOT ; a Book for all Seasons , and a Holiday Offering for Youth of both Sexes . Cleavs , London . 1841 . This is one of the cheapest and best presents for yButh which we have yet seen , and we cordially hope that the reading public will evince their conviction of the necessity of providing for the combined amusement and instruction of the young , by affording to the proprietor the support which his
THE VILLAGE WEDDING . See ! the venerable white robed Priest , With hallow'd rites hath bound the happy pair In sacred union ! Soe the blushing bride Advancing , now her fingers new acqnest , The . matron honour of the ring surveys ; Now on the delegated youth reflects The glance oblique , not ill-returned : for he , With e » . ger eye devouring all her eharms ,
Rapt on fond fancy's wings , ¦ sweet foretaste Astlcipates each future joy . Joys pure Without alloy ; not purchased at the price Of innocence ; nor with the poisonous sting Of dire reinerae attended . Hard in hand , Home to their little cot , that decent smiles , The conple blithe proceed ,- tbe village train Of nymphs and swains , a nnmereos throng attend For idly grazes there the vacant ox , The weed-hook rests , nor sounds the lusty flaiL The work is embellished with Beveral pretty ¦ avings , and is neatly done up for a Christi esent . We cordially wish it suecess .
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THE LOVE GIFT FOR 1841 . London : George Bell , 186 ' , Fleet-street . This little candidate for public favour is , in truth , in every respect , worthy of being what its name imports , " A Lore Gift , " and should be presented by 8 very enamoured swain to his chosen lair one , as a token of affection to usher in the new year . It is a selection of beautiful pieces , in reference to that master passion , in which is embodied ev . rything good and great in humanity . The selection is , we believe , the first attempt at editorship of a youDg
man , and made amid the hurry and cocfusiou of a metropolitan business . This alone would have prevented us from exercising any very critical judgment , even bad the self-imposed task been much more deficient in its execution than we find it to be . All tbe pieces are not alike excellent , but all breathe a spirit of moral purity , and severalhave the additional merit of being first-rate poetical compositions . Here is a gem of exquisite beauty , from me pen of A . A . Watts : —
MEET ME AT SUNSET . Meet me at sunset , the hour tre love best , Ere day ' s last crimson biuskes have died in the west , When the shadowless ether is blue as thine eye , And tbe bretze is as balmy and soft as thy sigh ; When giant-lii « forms lengthen fast o ' er the ground From the motionless mill and the linden trees round ; When the gtiilness below , the mild radiance above , Sofsly sink on the heart , and attuno it to love .
Meet me at sunset—oh ! meet » e once more , 'Xeftth the widt > - £ preading thorn ¦ where you met me of yore , Wnen out hearts ^ ere as calm as tbe broad summer sea That lay gleaming tefure us , bright , boundless and free ; And vrith hand clasp'd in hand , we sat trance-bound ; and deem'd That life would be ever the thing it then seenrd-The tre « we then planted , green record ! lives on , But the hopes that grew with it are fad # d and gone .
Meet me at sunset , beloved . ' as of old—When the boughs of the chestnut are waving in gold ; When the pore starry clematis bends 'with its bloom , And the jasmine exhales a more witching perfume . That sweet hottr shall atone for the anguish of years , And though fortune still frown , bid us smile through our tears ; Through the storms of the future shall soothe and sustain ; Then meet me at sunset—oh : meet me again ! And here is a svf eet and touching appeal of pure , confiding love : —
LOTE THOUGHTS . O let not words , the callous shell of thought , Intrude between thy silent soul and mine ! Try not the choicest ever poet wrought ; Thfey all are discord in oar life divine . Smile not thine unbelief ; bat heai and saj All that thou will'st , and then iipon my breas * Thy gracious bead in silent passion lay , One little hour ; and tell me which ifl best Sot * let as lire out love ; in after hoars Word * shall fit handmaids to trweex memory be ; But let them not disturb thbse holier bowen , The Toicelou depths of perfect sympathy . H . M . UllMM .
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THE NORTHERN STAR . 3
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 12, 1840, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct532/page/3/
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