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Ctjarttgt xntelli&ente*
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jIR, O'CONNOR TO MR, JAMES B. O'BRIEN.
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Lettkb ii . rjn oar seventh p » s « we hare given & letter from Vr , O'Connor to Mr . O'Brien , in answer to the -oaununieaiions from Mr . ( XB . inserted in our last . In the following tetter Mr . O'Connor continues the < -j sc ussion of the questions there mooted ] jIT deas O'Bfilitf , —I now nmae the eonrideaijon of the question upon -which "re are at tone , and ^ Vjch I t * fcs to ^ this : — " How ia the balance of power to be preserved in the hands of th « unrepre
gjDt *^ classes , or transferred to the House of Commons , tf made yet more perfect by forcing their representation into the House without prejudice to the pressure » ith :-i : ? " Xow , that I take to be the questian ; while £ . object of both is the means of arriving at a sotmA eonrlssion . Having said so much , let me now place before rou the two most prominent passage * npon the gj , v-. f : ^ to be found in your letter . In a postscript to tout letter % o Bowman , you write thns : — - Jf -we Tote for either Whig or Tory , we at once jecoCT ' -se the usurpations of the party we Tote for , and ^ sQualify ourselves morally , for future resistance to £ x \ t domination . "We vote for them , with a full and jiisrirct knowledge of their acts and character , and therefore lose s . 11 right , morally , of afterwards calling ^ , em to account for the same before the tribunal of public opinion . It is only , as I said before , when one < ir tie other parties agrees to split their votes in favour of our candidate , that ire can conscientiously or honour-£ \ y , T ? te for their candidate . We can do so , then tarJy because , while ostensibly voting for them , we jre in reality voting for our own man , and our own principles , —but chitSy , because the simple fact of -either fietion so recognising our 6 lalms , as to agree to 5 r > ii ; their votes with us , is pro ianio , an abandontoeiit cf the usurpation we charge them with , and dots therefore , entitle them to our approbation and support
in . " But no vote?—bo support . '— to either batch of jie usurpers , —till they first recognise our political cliims : ' : " In another of your letters you say that you •' ennijt find words sufficiently strong to expre&s your contempt" for what 1 did not irrite , and you say I must hi mad . Now , I shall not use one single cfrnsi-re term towards you , because I irPJ not c-jrend yr * ; sad yon shall not use one towards me , because 1 ¦ rill > 'OX EK OFFENDED . I have tht fear of Hunt cm Cobbett bt / ore my eyes' Howsver , while I maie to retort , you will allow ma the privilege of taking a Jiber . v "with rnxself ; and I do most solemnly assure you
tha : I have-not brains W c j-spr = hend the meaning ci fce rrit and the last sentence in the above pa ^ siges , -rien they are taken conjunctively . As they say ir Yorkshire , " I could do with one , but both caps ra « . " Ib the first yon very properly express a jealousy about I ? i 5 i ~ z vzblic opinion astray . Tou say , thst "if we toie for Whig or Tory , we recognise their usurpation , szid disqualify ourselves , morally , for future resistance to their domination . " >* ow , that I could nnderstand ; ba : -when taken in connexion with the following sentence , 1 am puzzled ; and I assure yon , -when I am p ^ = itd , three in every ten of the -working people , Tho have not so much time to analyse it as I have , ¦ will be rrzz ' ed also .
Ton say , " But chiefly , because the simple fact of e ; ± er faction so recognising onr claims , as ? o agree to split their votes with na , is , pro ianto , as abandonmeet of the usurpation we charge them with , and does , therefore , entitle them to our approbation and iapp ^ rt in return . " 2 s " ow , here yon use the word " snpport" in its legitimate mercantile sensa to denote traEc span terms of mutual convenience , and in which 1 agree ; 'feut the word " approbation" is what is called * ' chesting the devil . " But I shall reason upon these very important passage * Sow , which do you imagine to be the easiest task , to cowincc the unrepresented that the Tories were need as mere tools to beat the "Rtigs -without the slightest recognition of their principles or approval of their usurpation or domination , or to pessvaDE the people that twenty Whigs or twenty
Tories having , for txpediency , ssennced their lip hatred of Chartism for the mere purpose of acquiring the means of perpetuating their usurpation and domiratios , were entitled to our approi *; tor . and to our belief ; thst , " pro iarJo , " they had either abandoned Ihcii usurpation , or recognized our title to representation ? Let me tell you , while yon could not convince one in a Billion that the Chartists supported Whig or Tory from jpprovsl of their ¦ usurpation , or a desire to perpetuate Sieir domination ,- yon could not , upon the other hand , tj zll the logic in the world , persuade one in a E 2 ! ion that the Whig or Tory who receives Chartist Ktpirt upon condition cf splitting votes had thereby sscriScrd one single particle of hostility to the pria-• ciles cf Chartism , or vras entitled to our " approtatioE , " however self-interest , prudecce , and policy Eij entitle them , pro ianio , to our " support . "
, Can you hope to make Whig , Tory , cr Chartist rsderstasd the sentence in any other sense than tins ? Th » Chartist who coalesces with a Whig or a Tory : does , ty splitting his vote , " pro tatAo , " entitles him-\ self to their " support and approbation , " for the absa--djSttent of his principles and recognition of the [ claims— " usurpation and dominion "—of those for -ah ; -in , iy vating , he t £ 3 tLSc 3 his-approval . You cannot have i i Whig reading , a Tory reading , and a Chartist rea-iing , for the same sentenr ^; and I assure you I have given o i : the general acceptation , &s also the proj-er reading , " Kzijiis mutandis . " If a Tory , by coilesring with a Chartist , thereby rsctrsizis the Chartist ' s title , and renounces his
era " usurpation and dominion , '" can asy one I pliin tiisg , upon this plain earth , be m * . rr plain , than F Jest the Chartist who coalesces with a Tory does I thereby recogcise Tory priccitles , an ! renounce his I CTa " duminion ? " I cannot otierwi ^ c con ; prchend t U ; * 3 j I assure you that one of my principal reasons \ for nut offering myself as a candidate , was from the Terr fMt which the above sentence fully establishes , I daily , that ten thousand versions may be given of a
? EBgle act . 1 tike it to be an utter impossibility in the present state cf the franchise t « transfer the balance of power from the exterior to the interior of St . Stephens , and I Idt this reason : —The Whigs , while they hope to do \ without them , would rather have ten Tories returned , J this OEe Ciartist , and rice trrro . Let me show you ; Lot the last House was situated . For three years , > fcvta nen have constituted the balance « f power : fi ^ se , Griiti , Warburton , Leader , M-jlesworth , Dun-. coabs , ana Wakley ; but they used it treacherously ; tiit k , they acquired a kind of psrsenai popularity for snarling at Whig measures ; but , -wh » . n the question off .-, or cui came to be decided , they invariably , oe& std all , voted for the very men whose measures they prtfrssid to abhyr . Why was their small party in-^ cperstive ? Simply , because there -was no back to A fcpport them in their assaalt- * against corruption ; be-8 Case Whig death wzs Tory life , —Wh > g deiinqueccy was y Icrr triumph- >* ow , if the Whigs were in opposition p " * = should not require such a st 2 ff as this ; for the 'I " * S 7 fict of being in opposition would push all for'i »» rdi . ^ Wi-n yon speak of geiting fifty Chartist members
f ] ffi ' -o the House pledged to the support of the Charter , . Joa laase my lips water ; and fur this simple reason , ftirry ireu'd d-j ifte trick . ' . ' . ' Thirty wouid oblige ;¦ She Government t « keep more than -would be j *^ iing vj remain of a working midnight majority from j tL » hra r the brothel , tho gaiaing-house and the finish . * iiTe , of myself , by perseverance stopped many mea-* = ? = £ after midnight . J » s aow arguing to show the impossibility of trans-^ R rg the balance ef power to the interior , in the preset state of the suffrage ; and when I arrive once at J " * c-.-ncIusion , my second consideration naturally is , * ° ^ Zen are ice Ut make the ^' jjrzce of paver mogi C ' wrtr * in the hanas of the unrepresented duaea ?
a ' o » : i SbaU paj thii very plainly . The party " !» & * hom pressure from -without is to opeate is the !* rty in power . The parties who sre to aid in the ope-** ti 32 ijg ^ g peopi ^ by their Toice at public meetings , ** a by the expression of their opinions through their ^^ us , supported by an opposition . Well , then , •» basinesi ij simply to discover upon which party , ai 1 WTemioent , our petitiona and the public voice are «* ely to have the ere » te * t eBvct , and who u » n
oppoafi « i are likely to give them that effect Thaf » the S ^ on ; lor as to talking now of "helping the weaker )** " * the stronger , " and men instead of measures , " ~ * * E moonshine ! We want tools to work with , and "iPJ arting for our purpose . Observe , then ; firstly , ** & regwd to the right of petition , the Whigs have ®* 3 e a m ockery of it ; while , as regards tie effect prooace" upon them , as a Government , by petition , let ^ 3 sacceeding year of their usurpation speak . Do ° w £ ad , as I have more th » " occ « explained ,
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that tie votes annually taken upon the same question , instance the Poor Law Amendment Bill , have been in an exact inverse ratio to- tbe number of signatures , as if to show their contempt for all non-represented interference with their " Honourable House V Can I give you a stronger illustration of the fact , than that presented by the recent debate upon the great National Petition ? Now , suppose the Tories in power , and the the Whigs'in opposition , what would have been the result produced by the presentation of such a petition and for sueb a purpose , the release of political offenders ? 1 will tell you . If there were 358 Tories and 301 Whigs in the House , instead of the man of the
neater gender outweighing 2 , 000 , 000 of the working classes after a shabby palaver for an honr or so , we should have had a ten nights debate , appeal after appeal made to thei > jrRED people and ntglecled unrepreserAed to send another and another ; no ; not to send , but to BRING IT in all their might and strength ; and then we should have the pTayer granted to avoid a great organic change . Such would he th » result if we had had an opposition ; but the Whigs , assured of back from the Tory tyrants , treated that as thty have treated eTery other petition—wiih contempt ; and but for the
i > ipop . ta > ce of the time when it was presented , -we should have heard that it was not constitutionally worded . HeDee , 1 give it as ay opinion , that , in the present state of -the franchise , we cannot tracfer the balance of power from the exterior to the interior ; and also , that we cannot hold the balance of power at all , ¦ without a popular opposition , and that the Tory party never will constitute that popular opposition . How , then , you may a&k , is the balance of power to be userf ? I answer , in the same way that it was used in ]? 3 d , w > . tn tie peotile beat the King , the Lvrds , the
Comrn-ot-s / and the factions ; but used for a different puri .-jie now ; 1 conten . 1 for it that the Whigs did not ^ B-arit- Reform then , but were willing to ride it to poorer . I contend for it that although thty do net now want the Charter , they "wili mount it , in the hope of riding it also to DowniDgstrett , and thtre stabling it ; and 1 tox-und for it that in that attempt , which will be in less than six months , if tbev are now in a icinoritv , that we can upon
perfectly hencurable terms , accord them both our support and approbation . I contend for it that the hungry Whigs out of ( . ifice in 1841 , will do as the hungry Whigs out of office have ever done before ; while the people in 11-41 , -will take precious good care that the result shall cot be the same ; as we will tiik . v > I-lK . E TUB KEirS . N OF il . 4 > FoK MAX , a '' sine qua t , ot . ; " and let eo man on earth persuade you that the Whig ? , as s body , would refuse such a compromise , thongh a few of the " cor . sH' . uHonal" old fogies would pair off and file off .
>" ever luse sight of the fact that there are two packs of hounds and only one trough and one mess . The patronage and disposal pill , of army , navy , church , stau , royal , civil , colonial , foreign and domestic pickings will be swallowed with an immense proportion of Chartist powder in it -, and ihe Whigs will swallow it . Indeed the squeamish Barenet , so averse to strong political irugs , was priparing his mouth to take the BusscH purge in l ? 3 b ; and his high bid for popularitv , by promising to go much further in reducing
Insh tithes than the Whigs had done , was the very thing that alarmed the Whics , and so unceremously sent him to the right about They s » id "this will never do ; fh \» fellow is outbidding us . " Bat since then the Tories have mustered corruption and constitutionality , behind Whig delinquency ; and now they are too strong to conrt power by any other than constitutional meems Let me get Uifm , bef nrrot , with the Whigs at my back , and giveaie one slap at that thing called " constitutional prerogative , " which , though ridiculed by the Whigs , forms , nevertheless , the precedent for their every
act-Before I take leave of the legitimatists , just let me assure you that we ihatl have no small difficulty this time in getting in Col . Thompson , Mr . Sharman Cratrf ^ rd , and that noble fellow Guliy ; and here , apart from the Poor Law , I must , in a political sense , add Roebuck . I served with him , and , apart from that measure , _ I unhesitatingly declare him to be the most eScieut democrat upon democratie principles , that 1 have known to hold a seat in the House of Commons since the Reform Bill . I wish he would bind himself to a Scottish farmer for six months to learn the capability of the soil . You may say , " bad is the best ; " but recollect thaJ he , Thompson , Crawford , Faithful ] , and
myself , were all too democratic for the present constituencies ; and n _> w ~ just mark how the villanous , rascally , prostitute Ltedi ll < revry , but , nevertheless , the CTgan of the factions , speaks of Thompson and Gully , and is silent about Crawford . We are led to infer that a Tory is to gain for Hull with Clay , and that Guliy only " tracts a e ' ear staje and no favour . " Men in glass houses EhouliTnot throw stones . Gully does not live in one ; and perhaps some cf his most insolent , upstart revilers would not long since have rejoiced unon arriving
at L-eds , to be able to boast of a a ear cjnscience and a cle ' j .:. ihirl . Xow then let such viilauy open yuur eyes to the merits of the " weaker rascals" whom you -would rather assist against the stronger ; while I , in truth , would beat down both at once by pummelling the one with the other . In six months , Thompson , Crawford , and GaJly , must go a step further , to suit the united Whig and Chartist standard ; -while instead of a choice of evils At Newcastle , you will be appealed to , on bended knee , to unite with the Whigs . ! No man can doubt this who is not mad .
>' ott I come to the second branch of my subject , — the Ckartist electors . 1 fear you and I use the term in different senses . I -use them to denote p . irtiei , who , by the exercise of popular power , would be induced from conscience oi compelled Irom interest to vote f ^ r onr man : hence my re commendation to resert to exclusive dealing . I fear you use the term in the confined Bense of qualified ptrsons , who would from
preferertce , vote for a Chartist candidate . Believe me , that usurpation , tyranny , neglect of registering officers , and disgust from hopelessness of being able to tffect snytbiDg , has reduced that body to a mere fraction , and that onr principal force would be recruited from the extreme liberal section , who , when pressed , would appear to comply from choice , rather than proper direction in the disposal of their trust , but who would be most happy to be released from tbe trammels of popular will . And observe , they would gladly seize upon that portion of yonr letter , and would , under the name of the body of Chartist electors , embrace the opportunity of damning , and for ever , the cause which they profess to love , but secretly and heartUy detest , and the more so , in consequence of its proper exercise of authority .
Before I quit' this branch of my subject , allow me to say a word about your advice to Chartist electors , to remain neuter in case we cannot use them : you might just as well ask a Coghlan or a Howrahane to remain with his hands in his breeches pockets while their parties were fighting . You don't appear to me to comprehend the great change which tbe public mind undergoes suddenly during a general contested election ; nor in fact can any man who has not mixed in the turmoil and witnessed the working . Now , as I have conducted .-and taien part in , more violently contested elections than any mis living , allow me to assure you ,
that nothing but the very most powerful excitement can keep one in a . thousand from voting . Those who enter into the mos ! solemn resolution in the morning , are operated cpo . v as the battle ragea ; and indeed it is not wonderful . Now then , my policy wu to get controul orer thatiarty ; while voura would leave the controul in other hands ! and probably to be used against us without reference to any defined or general plan of operation . I did not tell them not to vste , because I know they will vote ; and knowing that I hoped to turns them , as a body , to the best account , for rendertaj tbe unrepresented balasce of power mora efficient hereafter .
Now , as to any eoalahon , I do , thank God , stand free from aJl charges of personal motives . I have narrowly watched the course of events , and the working of men ' s minds , produced without their knowledge , upon
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the eve of a great political struggle liketha ptMent A General Election has its martyrs . Poor Hunt fell a sacrifice to popular folly in 1832 ; Cobbett fefl a sacrifice to disappointment from the General Election o l& 3 i ; O'Connell fella sacrifice , but had not tha-graee or feeling to die , to tbe General Election of' 1837 , and 1 S 41 will finish him . It rauei finish him , when it is discovered that it has furnished the Irish means of strangling Repeal . Now , I have resolved that the present contest should not kill me ; and for that reason , I have refused to stand for numberless places to which I have been invited . The first was from Leicester , when the follow * ing question was put to me : — " Will you coalesce with a Tory , to insure your election ? " Answer" No , decidedly not . " That was my answer , adding ;
"but use me as a t » ol to bring a less hideous devil in , if you can , and they will gladly tak « a Chartist to get rid of the great devil . " My excellent friends at Halifax also invited me , and offered to pay all expences , but my answer was No , still No . Why did I do this ? Because I was reolved npon recommending my party to strain every nerve to get a few into the House ; and if I had allowed myself to be put in nomination upon the plan , it would have given to the principle the complexion of motive , and you know how easy it is to give motive a bad name , — " mad dog , mad dog . " So now , come what will , here am 1 ready to follow your plan , or any other good plan , to secure in the people ' s hands the balance of power , and reads to do a man ' s part in directing that power I have now nearly concluded , and you force from me the following explanation : —
In the first place , I hold a Whig opposition to be indispenfiible to our cause ; and , therefore , should I have used all my influence to place them in a minority , and , again , when I found M'Douall , ViDcent , Sankey , acd , I hope , my dear friend Moir , and Abraham Duncan , in Scotland , likely to be in the field , I thought how I could beat insure so desirable an object as their return , and I came to the conclusion , after many niglits of reflection , of placing the Whigs upon the horns of a dilemma , I gave them the choice of evils , either a Tory House , or such a God-send as five or six " out and outers , " and 1 threw them out the bait to stimulate the hungry devils ; and to give them the first bid , I offered them six , seven , ten , and twenty for one , in order that we might have the rallying point inside .
Now , you have my motives , both of them . You have my plan for ensuring success ; and , in conclusion , you shall have , firstly , the steadiness with which I have worked out that plan for years , which you now profess to have brought your friends to the approval of ; and , secondly , you shall have the justification of my plan by the approval of it by so high an authority as the World newspaper . Firstly , then , I beg leave to submit for your perusil the following extract from a letter of mine published in the Star in September , 1839 , and reprinted in the Star of the 2 Tth of February last , for the purpose of keeping up the steam . Here it is : —
"If the Tories beat the Whigs with their own measure , the Whigs , in opposition , will not be Jess craving after pelf , and in less than two months' probation upon the bleak side of the Treasury , all the violence of the persecuted Chartists would fade into utter insignificance , compared with the hungry howlingB of the revolutionary crew . Then once again shall we Eee the black flag—tbe monarch ' s drooping head—and the executioner ' s Woody axe , demanding a renewal of the Whig lease of Downirig-street ; and then shall we take care that every man of twenty-one years of age shall be a party to the bargain . When you look back , and consider that we have never held onr real position
in society till now , but have always been used to grace the Whig pageant , one moments rtflection will tell you that standing alone , the only party vrho darea to meet—the only party who dares to speak—the only puty who dtfie 3 persecution—that we are one of the two parties whose power must be acknowledged . Upon the next general election , the Whigs cease to exist as a party ; and upon the consequent following agitation , tbe Tories will degenerate into a faction , and a very few of the most wealthy will remain as amementoupon the opposition benches , whese only business will be to gratify their own ambition , by endeavouring to affright the representatives of the people with the bloody ghost of Toryism .
" Men of Sheffield , —The game is now in « ur hands ; the ball is at our foot . If we but play and kick them as onr enemies deserve , tbe next General Election should furnish from 4 UC to 500 Radical Members . We must be prepared to stand alone . In Sheffield you will do youi * duty . You bave Crabtree , Gill , and others , in whom you can repose Gor . fidenca Jnvite them as candidates—return them as members—and , having done so , chair them through your town , exhibit them in populous places , and proclaim them the
representatives of your will . For one moment imagine what must be the result of this cheap experiment . It will cost you but one day ' s attendance at the hustings , instead of days of ceaseless agitation . It places you at once in the ascendant It gives you a majority in the representative body ; and if England , Ireland , and Scotland , are nut prepared for such a step , then do England , Ireland , and Scotland deserve the chains of eternal slavery , which their task-masters will impose upon them .
"Men of Sheffield , —The press , which has deluded our opponents by laughing at our weakness—by denying our union and our strength—the press , which ia the index and the horn-book of a I the factions—will not be able to blindfold the several candidates , who themselves shall be made witness of their own defeat . No act would so far tend to give the enemy ocular demonstration of our power , of their weakness , and newspaper deceit . " Now , my friends , I shall conclude by imploring you to stand alone ; and we then must triumph . I thank you—from my soul I thank you—for the powerful , the orderly , the splendid demonstration of Monday night last . It will long be remembered in
Sheffield , which I have now made the key to Yorkshire , and with which I pledge myself to open the locked-up treasure , for the benefit of the human family . I implore you to watch well the manner in which the Whig and Tory press will dispose of that night ' s proceedings ; whilst such an exhibition in favour of either of the factions would have decided the destiny of the nation . Ge on , good men ! onward , and we conquer—backward , and we fall . ' Give the watchful and perfidious enemy no handle over you ! Break no law ; and in a very little time , you will make laws which no man will dare to break with impunity ! I shall be amongst you from time to time ; for I bave vo * ed , if I stand alone , to accomplish the great principle of Universal Suffrage . "
Now , then , compare that with my recent advice to stand apart whh our numerical strength and displays , and with every word I have written , still holding the distinction between the reformed electoral body and the unrepresented classes , and say who has been on the watch tower—who has been the least negligent—who looked for the 400 or 600 representatives , and who recommended the people to chair their Members , and then to leave the factions to themselves ? Recollect the letters were written in September , 1839 , and
reprinted in 1841 ; while you say , if what is now recommended by the Star had been done three months ago , we should have been in a very different position I think I have done too much ; and if I had only done a man ' s share , so much would not be expected from me . I have kept dinning , and dinning , and dinning the same old tune into the popular lug for nearly six years ; and when I bad fondly hoped that I had not dinned in vain , lam mortified by discovering that all went in at one ear and out at the Other , while my only consolation is that I hope the whole has made
some impression . I would not have noticed the charge of madness , treason , or folly , but I feel that the charge of neglect and want of judgment would naturally and jusUy weaken the influence of myself , the Convention , and the Star . In conclusion , if I have erred , I am happy to have erred in such good company as the Convention and the whole people -rho expretsed their approval of the principle to a greater ex test than laid down by me , and nobly carried out by the brave Chartists of Nottingham-However , when men differ , they should take counsel . and now , I beg to call to our aid the opinion of one of the profoundest political teachers , and most uncompromising patriots of the day , the Editor of the World , who speaks thus in last Saturday ' 3 number of that glorious paper , destined to be the regenerator of Ireland . He says—
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" The dissolution of the dying Parliament is drawing near , and the rival factions are preparing for the encounter ; but , just as we should have expected , the masses take no interest in the electioneering battle , and display a provoking apathy . The Tories entreat them to come to the rescue of the Constitution , and the Whigs ,- ^ ipon bended knees , beseech them to arouse in thei-r / Btfght , and , by one vigorous effort , frighten away tij / t ^ r antagonists from their meditated assault npon Ddwriing-street . To tbe everlasting disgrace of " tbe iwinish multitude , " they will not stir , but remain in a ttate of motienlesa indifference . What has become of the men of the Political Union , who used to congregate in thousands and tens of thousands , in the tnaxkflt places , and upon the broad moors , to
the terrdr of the Newcastles and Winchilseas ? They are far ia advance , having left the Tories and Whigs to squabble ia the rear , and will net return to take pat . with either faction . Instead of the millions , the Whigs and Tories will be respectively backed by the moral , educated , and middle class electors of such pl . ices as Cambridge , St . Albans , and , might we not add , Dutlii , who will vote fo ££ be muf with the longest purse , utterly regardless whit may / , be the hue of his principles . In sooth it Is a fearful tin || for- « aridiclftte 8 , : . fknd well may they wriggl » and wrttheaffehV prospect % f ' ' coming to tho hustings . The aristocrtKic Whigs were the first to snear at political inconsistency—nay , such ornaments of the party as Lords Palmerston and Pluuketthave , by their career .
shown how easily principle can be sacrificed to profit ; it is , however , a horrible thing when tbe unwashed people prove themselves apt scholars . Happily , corrupt electors can only now and then indulge in their evil propensities , while trading politicians may daily have an opportunity of bartering their principles ; but the former , as if made ravenous by long abstinence , conttive to do a great deal of havoc in & short apace , nnd never , it is saiJ , had they a sharper appetite than at tbe present moment . Candidates in every quarter appear to feel this , and , therefore , those who have little to expect bnt senatorial distinction , are skulking from the field to seek the comforts of domestic life ; while others ! , like West , are- endeavouring to get a full-blooded man to aid them in the contest : or after
the manner of Dick Sueu , preparing to take refuge in some convenient and cheap locality , -where its constituency may have a relish for bribes , but dare not insist upon them . Throughout the country we now hoar of nothing but rich men anil titled striplings coming forward , resolved by the weight of their purse and ancestral pretensions to obtain the privilege cf making laws for us . Is it not rather remarkable , that if the great object w « re to obtain the honour of assisting in framing just and equal laws for the whole of the community , such sacrifices should be made , and such immense sums of money squandered away to purchase a laborious , and , if honestly discharged , an unprofitable duty . Neither under a genuine system of ropresentation are wealthy or titled persons the description of people that ought to be sent to represent the national sentiment in Parliament , who can have but little sympathy or acquaintance with tbe wants and wishes of the great bulk of society . However , this system , which
generates corruption and demoralization is that alone which ensures the upholding of class interests at the expense of tho prosperity and happiness of the country . When a better state of things arrives , tho people will choose honest and able representatives , instead of looking out for the affluent and high-born . Whatever party may triumph during the approaching struggle will hava very little influence upon the great social changes which must soon take place . Should Ministers be able to maintain their ground , they will , in all probability , have learned that their stand still policy can 10 longer be persevered in ; and should the Tories succeed them , and Sir Robert Peel assume the reins of power with a majority of sixty , affairs will receive a still greater impetus , as the powerful minority , sustained by the " pressure from without , " will soon tend to convince him that he may as well think to restrain the ocean wave as the onward march of events , which are influenced by a power and intelligence far beyond his control . **
Now , in the above article you have a full outline of my policy , and I recognise tbe principles of my countryman , whom I glory in , although I am ignorant of his nam-o ^ l beg of you to read again and again from the ^ -words " should Ministers be enabled to maintain their gpayid ; " - and bear in mind that we must took to the opinions of all ; while , nevertheless , there is no one whose opinions will go farther in guiding mine , when nearly balanced , than those of James Bronterre O'Brien . Having now concluded all that I mean to say upon this subject , I again subscribe myself , Your faithful associate , And sincere friend , Feargus O'Connor .
P . S . Surely I may indulge in the news which has just reached me , and which proves that the men of Yorkshire did not wait for the ball ' to be kicked to them . Twelve candidates are at this moment assembled in tbe Leeds Cloth Hall yard—four Whigs , four Tories , and four Chartists—all upon equal terms—two Chartists for West Riding , and two for the Borough of Leeds . Let that ball rebound , as it is the rebound from the Star ' s four years' exertion—a candidate for each year . 1 Your ' s . &c , F . O'C .
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containing the names of all the electors in the several districts , to b » called " The canvass and contribution book . " When the whole machinery fs completed , public meetings of the electors and non-electors should be convened , to take into consideration the propriety of appointing a National Election Couvention of twentyone , whose duty it shall be to sit in London for the purpose of receiving , and disseminating throughout tlie ^ country , digested reports from the several Election Committeea . I think , at » single glance , you will see that the adoption of the foregoing plan will at once raise a safe and constitutional standard round which the friends of Radicalism may rally . We shall then stand upon an equality , in the field of agitation , with both Whigs and Tories ; and , according as we ate treated , bo ahatt we
treat the enemy . In this instance tbe Constitution recognises no superiority ; and if we are not prepared to carry out this principle , we are not deserving of Universal Suffrage . If , upon the other band , we are prepared , and if , by our united exertions , we can return * majority of the six hundred and fifty-eight , we shall be justly entitled to goto the House of tjamihSw npori tt ^ first day of theiwxt session of Parliament , arid the " re pass a fearytiirecttitg her Majesty to issue pew writs for { he retttrn ' of a Parliament upon the principle of Universal Suffrage . This requires no exhibition of physical force , as any opposition offered to the will of a nation thus manifested would be high treason upon the part of our opponents . The effect of our preparation would be the immediate liberation of our friends from their dungeons ; for , believe me , that our enemies but await our
union . to obey our command . I cannot conceive a more glorious sight than a nation of freemen marching to the hustings in sections , divisions , and squadrons , thore to show their hands , which are ready to support the dictates of their hearts . My mind is always upon the rack , my invention is " ever at work , to learn how I can bnst serve your cause ; and lazy men , who will not work themselves , call me presumptuous—but how much more pleasing and easy would it be for me to remain idle , if those who abuse me would work ; but the work must be either left undone , or done by a few . Instead of constantly nibbling and carping at my propositions , let them suggest , and I will follow ; but I cannot and will not remain idle so long as a single grievance remains unredressed . I implore you , then , my fellow men , by your valour , by your patriotism , and by your humanity—by the love which you bear to
your God , your country , your family , $ nd your kind , to . awake , arise , and let the voice of freedom be heard upon each passing breeze throughout this sea-bound dungeon ! Let us proclaim the right of the labourer to enjoy the fruits of hia l .-ibour— of the freeman to enjoy the protestion of his eastl <> . —of the community to enjoy social comfort and happiness—of the poor to live upon the land of his birth—and of the nation to be governed by laws made equally for the protection of the rich and the poor . Let union be your watchword—liberty your idol—and Universal Suffrage , and no surrender , your jHotto . For these things I have lived , and for these things I am ready to risk my life ; and am Your faithful and sincere friend , Fkabgus O'Connor . Leeds , 20 th . Sept . 1839 .
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WEST RIDhNG DELEGATE MEETING . The above meeting took place on Sunday , the 29 th of June , in the Chartist Rooms , over the Co-operative atorts , Dewsbury , when delegates were present from the following places : — Mr . W . Moseley Stott , Dewsbury . Mr . Andrew Gardiner , Fish Shambles , Leeds . Mr . W . Hick , for the Teetotal Chartists , Leeds . Mr . Edward Clayton , Huddersfield . Mr . Stephen Johnson , Wakefield . Mr . Thomas Bradley Kuowles , Keighley . Mr . John Shaw , Ltpton . Mr . John HelHwell , Sowerby . Mr . Jobn Arran , Bradford . Mr . John Helliwell in the chair . The following resolutions were adopted . Moved by Mr . Gardiner , and seeonded by Mr .
KNQWLES" That Mr . George Julian Haraey be reappomted West Hiding Lecturer for two months . " Moved , by Mr . Gardiner , and seconded by Mr . ^ exr— - ' ¦» That two Chartist Candidates be brought forward for the West Hiding of Yorkshire at the next tteneral Election . " Muved by Mr . Knowles , and seconded by Mr . W Hick" That Mr . Lawrence Pitkethly and Mr . George Julian Harney be requested to allow themselves to be put in nomination for the West Riding at the next General Election . " Both the above gentlemen being present , the question was put to them , when they both answered , that they considered it to be their duty to come forward when called upon by such a large portion of the people of the West Hiding , through their delegates . "
It was then unanimously agreed that Mr . Pitketbly and Mr . G . J . Harney be put in nomination for the West Riding . It is hoped that the non-electors of the West Riding will show to both factions that they are no longer to be gutted by either , and that they are determined to support no man who will not give to them their undeniable rights .
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NEW MILLS . —( Derhyshire . )—A public meeting of the inhabitants of this place was held last Saturday . Mr . Wm . Garrat was called to the chair . Messrs . Doyle and Linney , of Manchester , addressed the meeting upon the principles of the Charter . The out-door meeting was adjourned to the G-orge Inn , where Mr . Doyle again addressed them upon the subject of tbe Cora Ltvs . Tlie capacious room was filled to suffocation ; ami at the conclusion , there were three cheers given for Feargus O'Connor , Etq . and the imprisoned Cnartists ; three likewise for Frost , Williams , and Jones , and the People ' s Charter . The vast assembly quietly dispersed , highly delighted with the afternoon ' s proceedings .
SUNDERLAND . —Public Disccssio . v on Chartism . —According to announcement in last week ' s Star , Messrs . Williams and Gainsley held a public discussion in the Golden Lion Room— " On the necessity and importance of a change according to the principles of the Charter . " The room was crowded . At eight o ' clock , Mr . Towers was proposed and unanimously elected to the chair . The arrangements made by the committee-men were , that each speaker should be allowed twenty minutes at the commencement , and afterwards ten minutes each , speaking alternately . The discussion to close at ten o'ciock . Mr . Williams agreed to allow Mr . Gainsley the first and closing speech . Mr . G . iinsley began by explaining what appeared to many as singular , namely , kis sudden conveision from Chartism to Socialism aad Socialism only . If we were to give even an outline of the line of argument , if
argument it might be called , which Mr . Gainsley adopted , we should bo suspected , by persons not present , of partiality ; tho best proof of the effect o ! the discussion was the opinion of the meeting expressed at its close—when the following motion , was made by Mr . Taylor , seconded by another gentleman , via . — " That it is the opinion of this meeting that a change , according to tbe principles of the Charter , is a necessary , important , and would bea beneficial change . " On adivision , there appeared fur the motion almost the entire meeting , and against it , some say there were two or three , but none more than six hands held up . Considering that Sunderland has a branch Social Society , the decision of the meeting may be taken as a conclusive proof that the Socialists of Sunderland do not see the wisdom of being political neutrals , or virtual obstruc tives . We trust that it will be the means of
establishing a better understanding between those who are seeking one common end , and who may fairly accompany each other on the road , as far as they are mutually agreed . Lecture . —On Sunday evening , Mr . Binns delivered a spirited lecture in tbe Golden Lion room . At the close of the lecture a meeting of the members of the Association was held , when it was resolved to appoint a deputation to wait upon tbe liberal electors' committee , formed for the purpose of procuring the return of Chartist acd Cora Law repeal candidates . Electors Committee . —On Thursday evening , tbe Committee appointed at the public meeting met in the Arcade ro > m , and enrolled several fresh members . It was resol red to invite T . P . E . Thompson , Esq . son of Colontl 'Thompson , to come forward , and Mr . Robinson was ap-pointed to correspond with him . Arrangements were tiien made for canvassing the town .
ST / NDERX-AND . —The sum of £ 1 Si . 9 d . was rec iived last week from Mr . Williams , Sunderland , fov various funds—but the paper containing the particulars has been mislaid , wo wish him therefore to forward a copj of it . GI * ASSOW . —Another great publi * meeting has been held in the Chartist Church , on Monday night , for the purpose of coming to a final decision on the question of what is the besi policy which the Chartists of Glasgow should pursue at the approaching election ? As this subject has already i-xcited the most intense interest among not only the Chartists of Glasgow , but the Whigs and Tories also , it was considered necessary to bring it to a close : accordingly , the different movers and seconders of motions and amendments met last Friday night , in Mr . Moir ' s back shop , for the purpose of arriving at some proper understanding , and
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/ f / U'L < = A ~ fr (> LJ {/ thereby bringing the debate to an amicable and flna decision ; and whieh the result has proved was highly judicious , so that the Chartht cause in Glasgow stands out in bold relief triumphing and triumphant . Mr . Ross was called to the chair , who , before commencing the business of the meeting , gave a description of bis visit to the family of Mr . Frost in Bristol , which he highly eulogised for their amiable manners and domestic virtues . He described tbe scene of Mrs . Frost meeting with fcer 8 on as sufficient to make an impression on the hard ami strong hearts of her Majesty ' s Ministers if they had seen it Mrs . Frost is in great hopes of
soon having the pleasure of seeing her husband , and along with him paying a visit to her cumerous friends in Swtland . ( Great cheering . ) Mr . Gillespie then came forward to move a resolution which had been agreed to by the parties who met on Friday night , which was to the following effect : — "That the Chartists of Glasgow agree to bring forward two Chartist candidates to tbe nomination , and that if they find they cannot with propriety go to the poll , that the Chartist electors be left to act as they may deem proper according to the best of their own private judgment , for the furtherance of the cause of the people . " He supported tbe motion with great eloquence , and concluded by remarking that the Whigs had sunk themselves in public estimation ten thousand miles below the mighty
damned . ( Great cheering . ) It was seconded by Mr James Thompson . Mr . Rodger moved an amendment , that they dispense with , the latter clause of Mr . GHlespie ' s motion as they had no controul over the Chartist electors , that body having agreed already to net for ttemiselves without consulting the non-electors . Mt . Jack seconded > lr . Rodger v s amendment : he made gome rather severe remarks against the Chartist electors . He was followed by Mr . Malcelm , who condemned in rather unmeasured terms , those persons who intended to vote , or advocated the propriety of voting for the Tories . He cared not whether they were O'Connor , or Moir , or who they were . He concluded by reading a letter of Mr . B . O'Brien . Mr . M'Donald , ine of jip fustian jaefcsts , then read Mr . O'Connor's
Mtftr . ivlL Muirhead moved that another meeting at motors anof ^ non-slectora 'be called , in order to couie to somo understanding before the election , -which was seconded , but he suhieqnently withdrew it Mr Proudfoot rose and administered a severe castigation to some of the young men who had previously spoken , particularly Mr . Malcolm , for endeavouring to saddle the charge of dishonesty npon nien for exercising their conscientious opinion and considered such conduct favoured more of Whiggery than Chartism . ( Great cheering . ) This called forth' a rather pompons reply from a young man whom Mr . Ross introduced to the meeting , as the author of " Willie White ' s visit to the infernal regions . " Ho concluded by moving a wild poetical motion , which signilied that it was partaking
of the plunder of the factions for any Cbartist elector to go to the poll at all . . Mr . Muirhead seconded the motion . Mr . Black made a few remarks from the gallery amid loud cheers . Mr . Currie moved an amendment , that they offer to split votes with either Whig or Tory for a Chartist candidate , this was seconded by Mr . Howie . Mr . M'Farlane here made a very tloquent and judicious speech which had a great tvmieney to allay the fermentation : of parties . He sat down amid loud cheering . Mr . Moir made his appearance amid loud cheers . He alluded to something which had been said abeut honesty by Mr . Malcolm . Mr . Malcolm here rose to explain that he did not mean to apply the offensive terms which he had used to Mr . Moir or any other of the Chartist electors . Mr . Moir
replied that he was glad he had been mistaken . He then defended with his usual tact and ability , the necessity of proving to the Whigs , that they , the Chartists , held the balance of power . He concluded amid loud cheering . Mr . Cullen in a very effective and excellent spetch defended the course which Mr . Moir had recommended . It had , " he said , been the general cry among Chartists for the last three years , to cry down with the Whigs ! dut with the imbecile wretches ] , nay , even those persons who were at present advocating what might be called an opposite course , had been the londest and most active in denouncing them and getting up petitions to the Queen , at the suggestion of Tory foreign policy men . to turn oat the Whigs . ( Great cheering . ) But it now appeared that while he and
others were really in earnest they were only in joke —( laughter )—or doing it . for the purpose of frightening the Whigs . Mr . Colquhoun followed and in a speech which Bhowed great reasoning powers , proved the propriety of turning out the Whigs , he was followed by Messrs . Patteson , Gillflllau , Currie , ice . It being now after twelve o ' clock , loud calls were made from all parts of the meeting for the vote . The Chairman , before puttiHg the vote , remarked that he wouid not vote for . a Whig , and perhaps Ue would vote for a Tory ; and if Pattison or any otaer of the opposite party said he was no Ckartiat , or a traitor for doing so , he would let it in at the one ear and out at the other ; he was more than a Cbartist ; he was a Republican . { Great cheering . ) He then put the motion of the author of Willie White ' s visit down below , which was seconded by Mr . Young ( Mr . Muirh « ad having previously withdrawn his support of it ;
to the meeting , when only , five bands were held up for it Mr . Carrie ' s was next put , when about thirty hands were held up . Mr . Rodger ' s was then put , wlieu there appeared a preetty good' proportion of the meeting . The shw « f hands was then taken for Mr . Ghliespie's motion , which had a considerable majority ; but as there were some doubters , tfle Chairman again put Mr . Rodgers' motion , and then . Mr . Gillespie ' s , when the majority in favour of Mr . Gilleapie- ' s was still more numerous . The Chairman then decided that beyond a doubt Mr . Gillespie ' s motion had a considerable majority . The result was hailed with I 0113 and loud cheering ; when all the squabbling and corrosive feelings which the last four night ' s debate had excited seemed at once forgotten . A committee of fifteen , with power to add to their number , was appointed to get up a public meeting , for the purpose of nominating Chartist candidaets . A vote of thanks was then given to the chairman , and the meeting dissolved .
A 8 ERGAVENNY .-I have tha unfeigned pleasure to inform you that we have at length succeeded in collecting a lew of our Chartists iriends together here , for the purpose of forming an association , whioh has not beua done without some trouble and perseverence , as this place is a nest for a strong party of oppositionists . Our meeting was held on Tuesday evening , at ihu Cross Keys Inn , at which there were twenty-one persons enrolled , and I doubt not there would have been many more persons present had our intention of holding the meeting been more known . There was-but Httte business of any importance transpired , excepting the enrolling of the members , and agreeing that this association &houtd be on the same footing as the National Charter Association ; but a meeting has been convened to be holden at the same place On Monday evening next , when it is anticipated that there will be a strong party of our friends assembled .
—Correspondent . ST . ANDREWS . —A meeting of the Chartists of this city was held in Mr . Wilson's School Room , South-street , 021 the evening of Wednesday se ' nuight , at eight o ' clock , Mr . David Black in the chair , when the following resolutions , in reference to the oonduct of the Chartists at the coming election , were carried unauimou ly : —Moved by Mr . Alexander Mackie , weaver , and seconded by Mr . Archibald Bell , weaver— " That , having had ten years' trial of the Whig faction , we now know no difference between them and the old enemies of the people , the Tories , and therefore consider them both unworthy of the confidence of the people at the ei . suing General Election , and pledge ourselves , individually and collectively , to support no candidate at the said election , unless he pledge himself to advocate and
support , to their fuil extent , the principles of real ami salufary Kei ' orm embodied in the People ' s Charter . " Moved by Mr . Ch ' arles Stewart , printer , and seconded by Mr . John Carstairs , mason— " That we approve of the plan of bringing forward Chartist candidates at the forthcoming election , and we pledge ourselves to support such a candidate , and by every means in our power ' promote his election , for the St . Andrew ' s District of Burghs ; and that a letter , embodying these sentiments , and craving the assistance of our brethren ia Fife , be gent to the county meeting of delegates , to be held at Kettle , on Saturday next ; and further , that for the purpose of keeping up the agitation in St . Andrew ' s , we pledge ourselves to use every means in our power in supporting the Chartist press—namely , the Northern Mar , Dundee Chronicle , Perth Chronicle , the Chartist Circular . &c . "
CHESTER . —We had a numerous meeting of the Chartists of this city yesterday evening , Mr . Wm . Jones , one of the lecturers , and two others of the Liverpool Chartist Association were < mr here paying us a visit . The meeting was announced by the bellman , which took place in the Primitive Christian Meeting house . Mr . John Vaughan , a most valuable member of our association , and a dissenting minister , was unanimously called to the chair , who » at some leDgth , and in an animated and lucid manner opened the business of the meeting ; aft « r which Mr . Wm . Jones presented himself to th © audience to deliver a lecture an Chartism and its objects . This young man ' s talents are of the first order . He is an invaluable advocate in the cause of liberty , truth , aid justice . He clearly and ably elucidated the various points of the People ' s Charter ;
pointed out to the audience the necessity and duty of perseverance in the good and virtuous cause * ¦ '' energetically contrasted the present impoverished , miserable condition of the working classes , the producers of all wealth , with what it ought to be ; he ably dwelt on the atrocities and the anamalies of the accursed and abominable Poor Law Bill , and expressed himself against the base and brutal Whigs , in terms redoleut of contempt , sarcasm , and execration . His lecture frequently elicited Af- | v > r «« - # v . « warmest bursts of applause . The lecture occupMll ' v TH c . a ? about two hours in the delivery , after which Mr , § ' }* \ \{ Thoma 3 Youde , grocer , was unauimously elected . . .... ^ . -v ^^ ' .- » secretary to the association , in the stead of » Mr / ' : :-J > ji . " j ^ VI f ^ Speed , who had resigned . Thanks were votaf . U > s ^ ij £ ~ *~ - ' - ' ^ the lecturer , who was warmly congratulate Jfa . ' & % £ * t . ' : - retiring from the meeting , A number of p « S » &R | j ^ == OC ' . - . ;¦ " -- , ; applied to join tbe association before the conojjlirppn * \ j ^ ~ 1 of the meeting , most of whom were accejjtoi ^ x ^ :- ^" , — ChartJ 8 m it making rapid progress iu this city .- ^^ V' : T -T t 1 , - -
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PLAN FOR CHARTIST OPERATIONS AT AN ELECTION . [ The following letter was originally published in the Star of September 21 st , 1839 ; and again re-printed ia the Star of March 6 th , 1841 . Mr . O'Connor , in his first letter to Mr . O'Briem inserted in our seventh page , refers to it , as the reader will perceive , and here it is again . ] Brother Radicals , —For the same reason that a servant ' s guard of disciplined and armed troops will beat and put to flight a squadron of raw and unarmed recruits , have we been beaten by factions disciplined in the arts of treachery and deceit . We must discipline and remedy this evil . We must meet them on their own ground , and with their own weapons . "We must organise , and Bhow the front of freemen . In order to
effect iVthen , I submit the following suggestions for your consideration : — Peel says " Register , register , register !"—O'Connell says " Register , register , register I "—the Whig press and the Tory press say " Register , register , register !" and , therefore , there must be some magic in the word " Register . " You cannot register , but you can " Unite , unito , unite ! " and Russell says it is your right to exercise influence over the elector ; while O'Connell says that it Is your right to use gentle coercion towards the elector . Let us , then , place ourselves in a position to be prepared whenever the struggle may come ; and , believe me , it is at hand , else would not our enemies bo loading their pieces . Let a committee be established in every town and village throughout England , Scotlund , and Wales , according to the following form , and for tho performance of the following duties : —
THE FOSM . Let the electors and non-electors instantly form connty , city , and borough-election clubs . Where the clubs consist of several hundreds , let them be divided iato hundreds . Let each hundred appoint a chairman . The hundreds shall then be divided into tens , and each ten should appoint a chairman . The chairmen of the hundreds should constitute the General Election Committee . The chairmen of every eleven tans should , according to convenient locality , constitute the district or ward committees . The committee of tens should report on every Monday night , to the General Coinmitteee , the state of the public mind in their several districts ; after which , a compendious report should be submitted by placard , handbill , or through the medium of the press . The terms to constitute membership to be one penny per week . The funds to be appropriated as a Finance Committee , appointed by * show of hands at a general meeting , shall direct .
TUB DUTIES . The duty of the Election Club will be to select a fit and proper candidate , who shall be vigorous and active in laying before bis constituents the principles upon which he claims their support—to read at public meetings , as often as opportunity affords , the reports and resolutions from the several oammitteea . Every candidate should be pledged to support Universal Suffrage and a repeal of tbe Legislative Union between Great Britain and Ireland , to take his seat if returned by a majority in the house called the House of
Commons—and to restore bis trust whenever required to dp , so by a majority of a committee to be called " Tti 6 committee of review of public men ' s conduot , " wb ' ich step must be sanctioned by a public meeting of his -constituents . The committee should also appoint colle ctors of contributions , who should leave the following p * .-inted form of application at the house of every voter \ n their district : — " We , the committee appointed to superintend the management of the election of — -, do respectfully solicit your support and interer , t , and also tuch contribution as you can conveniently give , to promote the aforesaid object . " A book , rJUould be kept
Ctjarttgt Xntelli&Ente*
Ctjarttgt xntelli&ente *
Jir, O'Connor To Mr, James B. O'Brien.
jIR , O'CONNOR TO MR , JAMES B . O'BRIEN .
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YOL . IV . 1 ft ) . 189 . ' SATURDAY , JUNE 36 , 1841 . " ^" w ^ SSSJ ^ SS 7 '"
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AND LEEDS GENERAL ADVERTISER .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 26, 1841, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct555/page/1/
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