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TniTZHUGH, WALKER, and Co., 12, Goree J? Piazzas, Liverpool, dispatch regularly, Fine rirst
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CARRIAGES.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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, class American &mps , 01 large Tonnage , tor the following Ports , viz . — new york ; ufc £ TS boston . PHILADELPHIA . Sffifek , * and BALTIMORE . filK&NEW ORLEANS . And which are intended to Sail punctually on their appointed Days ; they are fitted up expressly for the comfort and convenience of Cabin . Second Cabin and Steerage Passeiig . rs , who may save themselves the expeuce and delay of waiting in Liverpool , by writing a letter addressed as above , which will be immediately answered ; the lowest price for passage and provisions told them ; and they will be enabled to go direct on board the Ship immediately on tbyir arrival in Liverpool , thus saving the expenoe of lodgings , and should F . W . and Co . detain the Ship after the appointed time , passengers will be paid for detention . THE FOLLOWING S HIP S ARE NOW ON : THE BERTH :-For NEW YORK , ADIR O NDACK , Cap . Hackstaff , to sail , Oct . 8 th NEW ORLEANS , GEORGE , Cap . Thompson , ... Oct . 8 th BOSTON . SEVERN , Cap . Cheeyer , ... ... ... Oct 12 th Emigrants by these vessels will be provided by the Ship with the full quantities of Biscuit , Flour , Rice , and Potatoes , according to Act of Parliament .
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FOR NEW YORK , LINE OF PACKET SHIP , CAMBRIDGE , Captain Bair ? tow . Register Burthen . 911 tons ; Tonnage Bartheu , 1 , 500 Tons . To sail 11 ) . h Ootober : her regular Day . F O R B O STON , The remaTkably fast-sailing American Ship , SEVERN , Captain Cheeveb . Register Burthen , 572 Tons ; Tonnage Burthen , 950 Tons . To Sail 12 th October . FOR PHILADELPHIA , LINE OF PACKET SHIP , MONONGAHELA , Captain Turley . Register Burthon , 488 Tons ; Tonnage Burthen , 900 Tons . To Sail 8 ch October : her regular Day . FOR NEW O RLEANS , The magnificent fast-sailing American Ship , ROCKALL , Captain Higgins . Register Burthen , 644 Tons ; Tonnage Burtnen , 1 , 100 Tons . To Sail 1 st October . For Passage in Second Cabin or Steerage , apply to C . GRIMSHAW & CO ., 10 , Goree Piazzas , Liverpool , N . B . State Rooms in Sscond Cabin for Families or Parties Wishing to be more retired . < tg * The new Act of Parliament requires the Ship to n ' nd all Steerage and Second Cabin Passengers with Bread , Flour , Oatmea l , and Rice , and three quarts of Water per Day . All other descriptions of Provisions to be found by the Passengers .
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VOLTAIRE'S PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY . COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME . HPHIS CELEBRATED WORK is now publish-X iug , in Penny Numbers , and Fourpenny Parts , and will comprise the whole of the Six Volume ? , now charged £ 2 10 s ., without mutilation or abridgement .. It is printed in Crown 8 vo ., double Columns , with new Type , Email , but very plain , and will make a handsome Volume , fit for any Collection of Books . ¦ ,. - ' May be had of all Booksellers and Vendors of popular Periodicals . The Philosophical Dic tionary will be compltted in about One Hundred and Twenty Numbers , of which Twenty-four are now issued , or in Six Parts , at'Fourpence each . Also may be had , price 2 s . Gd . boards , AN'ESSAY ON THE RIGHT OF PROPERTY IN LAND , with respect to its Foundation in the Law of . Nature , and tho Rights of the Peopleclearly showing the deadly influence of the present system of * Landed Property , and pointing out means whereby a man may regain his lost rights and property . " It ( the right of private property in laud ) is a most oppressive privilege , by the elevation of which the happiness of mankind has been for ages more invaded and restrained than all the tyranny of kings , the imposture of priests , and the chicanery of lawyers , taken together , though these are Hupposed the greatest evil ? that afllict the societies of human kind . " —See par . 28 . THE DEVIL'S PULPIT , a Series of Astronomico-Theological Discourses delivered at the Rotunda , by the Rev . Robert Taylor , Complete in 48 Numbers , at 2 d . each , or two handsome Volumos , price 9 d . Published by William Dugdale , 16 , Holy well ' Street , Sirand , London .
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Ihe Poktrait of T . DtrsceMBE will be given to all oar Subscriber * on . November 19 th .. They -will be in the bands cf _» il the Agents by November 16 th ; and by about September 24 th , we shall have sufficient of Dnncombe ' s - printed to supply those Agents who desire , to lure both Plates in one pareeL The charge . for the Star on the day the Portrait of Itancombe is distributed ' will be the same as the charge for it on the day the Petition Plate is delivered . THE Petition Plates are not yet ready fb ? onr Lancashire Subscribers ; bnt as soon u received they will be forwarded , fhose for all the other Agents hare been forwarded . The price of die Star when each Subscriber receives his Plate is 16 ., and no more . The Agents are allowed a per eestsge upon beth the Paper and the Plate , to cover carriage expences : they can , therefore , n&t have any excuse for charging more . ; . ^; > Ali Ages is who have received their accounts are TKmssted to send the amount due by return of
post . Pate , Padiham . —Five Shilling ? . Chalmers , Leith . —Call at Drarnmond ' fi for Plites . JOH > " PHILP . — Call at same place . Biii £ * a > 'D So . n , Cockekmouth . —Enclosed to Arthur , Carlisle . I . Holbeook ., Abesgavexsy . — "We cannot take post stamps for ench sums ; if he wishes to do without post-cfiee order , send halt a sovereign . The plates are forwarded to Monmouth . ¦* # . TVilkissos , South Shields—Send them by post to this office .
FOE THE XATIOh ' AL DEFENCE FUKB . £ s d . From a few friends at Wellington Fonndry ... 01 5 3 Radical , Leeds 0 0 6 " the Chrjtists of Leeds 1 10 0 ; the Chartists of BLrstal ( light half- j sovereign ) .. 098 G . H-, Leeds 0 0 6 ; D . Fryer , Hilton 0 1 0 ~ the Chartists ef Holme Lane , ToDg ... 0 4 0 , ~ a few friends aS a mill in Heckmond-- i
wiie 0 19 _ Littietown 0 5 0 ; ~ the Chartists of Hunslet ... ... 0 10 0 . ~ the men of Elland , per E . Clayton ... 0 3 0 ~ the Chartists of Tew Green 0 _ 5 0 Collected at Lockwood , by D . Gledhill ... 0 6 0 From three friends , Huddersfield 0 0 10 „ the Bristol YouUls 0 5 0 Z F . &ibson , Bristol 0 10 Z Stockton , collected by J . Umpleby .. .. 1 15 3 Z s few worttng men at Barton Mills ^ 020 Z KetteriBg 0 9 0 „ a few friends , Dunfermline 0 10 __ a few friends of democracy , Torquay ... 0 6 6 Z the Chartists of Bslton I .. 0 10 9 „ Cbepstow friends 0 4 0 _ a few Chartists , Tonbridge Wells ... 0 10 0
POB . THE EXECCTITE . From Mr . Colinson , Castle-street , Hull ... 0 1 0 „ Ch . pstow friecda 0 . 4 0 FOS COOPES ' S DEFENCE . From John ilarsland ... 0 0 6 FOR THE DEFENCE OF GEOSGE WHITE . FicEi Robert Kewhall , jun ., Hawick , a deaf and dnmb boy , edncated at Edinburgh , —a regular subscriber to the SortkerR Star , and a great admirer of its Proprietor and Editor . ... 0 1 6
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Income Tax . —In Kendal the number of blank forms is so limited that the commissioners cannot supply the town . One part of the population have had their billet doux for three weeks , while another part hare cot yet receired these soft expressions of the Premier ' s regard ; and what is more amusing , the number of applications for forms , declaring that their income is below £ 150 per annum , is so great that any supply of papers hitherto received is wholly inadequate to the demand . We have heard several parties state , that with their best desires to fill up the returns consistently , they really cannot understand them . Both Whigs and Tories are altogether out of humour with this dose of the -state physician . —Kendal Mercury .
A Letter from Cologne , 21 st inst ., says : — " The town of Rheinbach , which forms part of our district , was , two days ago , the theatre of a great calamity A fire broke out in the morning , and , owing to a deficiency of water , it soon raged with such fury , that before the evening half the town was in ashes , fortunately a heavy shower of rain fell at abont four o ' clock in the afternoon , and arrested the progress of the names . More than one hundred families are withont an asylum . "
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THE CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT . —ENORMOUS FRAUDS UPON THE REVENUE . When it is remembered how weQ the country remunerates the chief officers of those departments of the state to whom is delegated the collection of duties , and more especially those appertaining to the receipts of imposts upon foreign and colonial produce and maunfac tures , the public are entitled to have as their servants the most intelligent and most attentive , and , withont prejudice to any one , the most honest individuals . It will be for the pnblic to express an opinion if , when we Ehall have brought before its notice the many laxities , the frauds , the instances of favouritism , the attempt to screen really guilty parties , and the immolation of their dupes , the functions of the Commissioners of her Majesty ' s Customs at the head
department hsve or have not been fully and satisfactorily administered . The enormous frauds now in daily progress of investigation are not , in the aggregate , confined to tens of thousands , but hundreds of thousands of pounds . Indeed , it is said in some quarters that the revenue has suffered to the enormous extent of nearly a million sterling . From the series of notices it may be necessary to devote to this important subject , names of parties high in commercial circles must be deemed requisite to be given . The names of firms which are known to have connived at these frauds with the landing waiters are in our possession , with all the leading facts and line of examination in support of participation , as given in evidence before the Court , of Inquiry , now sitting upon this subject . Bnt , independently of the non-performance of their dnties by the officials at the Custom House , in protecting , by dne diligence and ample
control the revenues of the kingdom , there is another consideration , arising out of the long-continued practice of fraud , which involves the interest and prosperity of the really honest merchant and trader . It must be clearly apparent that if four traders are carrying on business in the same line , three of them paying their dnties honestly and openly on foreign goods imported , while the fourth , by a connivance with any officer of Customs , gets his placed in warehouse without the outlay of the duty , or by paying infinitely less through the medium of false entries ( hereafter to be fully illustrated ) , it must be apparent that the former cannot compete with the latter , and thongh they struggle ever so hard to maintain their position , though they mike sacrifices to effect sales , in order to keep their customers together for a time , still , in the long run , wholesale losses must be entailed upon them by the ruinous and fruitless competition induced .
It is pretty well known , that as respects the frands now the subject of investigation , many of the landing waiters have been implicated in them . The duties of the landing waiters are but little known to parties unconnected with trade , commerce , and water-side business . ^ It is , therefore , proposed to illustrate the facts and circumstances hereafter to be laid before the public , by giving a description of their duties , their emoluments , 4 c . The principal business of this functionary is personally to attend the landing of goods at the docks and legal quays . For this purpose he is furnished with & " landing-book , " denominated under its respective class , " red or blue , " the issnes of which take place from the registrar ' s office , and contains certain copies of entries previously passed of imports for merchandise about to be warehoused or at once delivered . These
entries are of three classes , 1 st , the " warehousiDg entry , " for goods intended to remain in bond ; 2 d , the " prime entry , " which stipulates for the immediate delivery of goods , the dnty havirg been paid ; and , Sd , the " right entry , " the object of which is to assist the merchant in cases where goods arrive consigned to him without previous advice , wken he is permitted to have the packages upon the declaration that their contents are " unknown . " It may be here necessary , with the view to carry the case out in all its bearings , to observe the opportunity these two descriptions of entry afford to these officers , if they are not persons of strict and unimpeachable integrity , to deceive and falsify the returns which , as employes of the customs , they are appointed to make of the weight of and duty on merchandise landed at their respective stations ; the interference of the landing surveyor , their superior , being required only in the settlement of taxes , or in the approval or otherwise of the -value put upon goodB paying at the ad valorem rate .
Hiving now mainly stated the duty of a landing waiter , it is necessary to add that the body is divided into six classes , with proportionate salaries . The first class numbers 20 persons , with £ 400 per annum e ^ h ; the 2 d class 20 persons , with £ 350 per annum each ; me 3 d class SO persons , with £ 300 per annrrm each ; the 4 tb claa » 30 persons , with £ 250 per annum each ; the 5 th class SO persons , with £ 208 per annum each ; ind the 6 th class SO persona , with £ 160 per annum each . As in the crane of the investigation into these frauds it has appeared that more tt ""** one of the landing
waiters implicated hare also filled the office of " searcher , " the duty appertaining to that department must also be illustrated . The " searcher , " to nse the technicality of the department , " makes shipped , " the . packages destined for shipment at his station ; it is a part of his duty personally to examine the packages , noting their correspondence with the original description in the efficial papers , and should suspicions arise of any exchange or fraud connected with the shipment , they have the power of seizure and of bringing the matter before the board for inquiry and investigation . The separate duties of these officers being , as is irnsted , clearly defined , the mode in which the irre-
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fnlar and falsified entries kave been concocted , involving such loss to the revenue , will no doubt be understood in the cases of fraud hereafter to be brought to the notice of the public . The first illustration we offer to the notice of the public is in respect to the importation of silk already under the notice of the Board of Inquiry , but the charges of participation in fraud alleged against the several parties are so numerous , that it would be difficult to define them in distinct order in the present notice . It is , however , sufficient to say that that the one above alluded to will clearly prove to the public how easily and successfully they have been carried on for a period said to extend over a series of eight or nine years .
The mode which is alleged to have been adopted in the wholesale smuggling of silks , was for the parties connected to send to the legal quays a case of toys ; books , or any other French import of low value marked and numbered , say [ A ] No . 1 , far shipment coastwise , which , however , instead of forthwith being put on board , it was understood should be allowed to remain on the quay . When the French packets arrived , a " sight entry" was taken out for cases , marked and numbered precisely the same as those prepared as befere stated , the contents being declared to be " unknown . " The packages were then landed at the same quay , for examination by tee landing officer . Immediately this was the case the former package was recalled , by an order to re-deliver , when the cases by the French packets , which really contained silk were substituted , to the parties applying , and the packages of books , &c , examined and returned for , duty in lieu of the cases of silk , the ship ' s manifest merely describing the case brought oxer &b merchandize , and thereby being ne check upon the fraud .
The investigation into these irregularities in the Ca&toms Departments have already ocenpied many weeks . The results , we believe , will fully bear ont the correctness of our introductory remarks , and in out next report facts and names will be stated in corroboration . —Evening SCar .
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ROCHDALE . POLICE OFFICE , FLYING HORSE . ( Before William Chadwick and Henry Kekall , Esquires . J James Ashley , a Chartist speaker , was charged with using Btditious language at the meetings during the turn out in this town , and exciting the people to riot . Ashley said , your worships , I Ehould request before the proceedings of the Court commence , that the witnesses retire , and come in one % t a time when called upon ; second , that I should be supplied with peas and paper , to take notes of this case . They were granted , and a seat at the table .
Howarth Raby deposed—I live a . t Facit , by trade a mechanic . I remember the 12 th of August ; it was on Friday ; I work for George Hardman , cotton-spinner , at Facit ; the mill is within a hundred yards of the turnpike- road . A Mr . Whitworth's cotton-mill is on the right side of the road , near to Bacup ; it is within sixty yards of our mill . I stood at the road leading to onr mill . Betwixt seven and eight o'clock that morning I saw a body of people come from Rochdale ; there were abont 6 , 000 as near as I can telL [ The witness was asked to point out the prisoner . I think it is this man that sits hera ] A part of the main body turned into our road . Ashley was not there . He was in the turnpike-road , betwixt the mills . I said they did not need to go ; there was no one working . They turned back to Whitworth , a small village . I Etaod at the top of the lane ; a second body came from the body of the people ; they were about five minutes betwixt . They went dewn to our mills , and drew the
plugs . I did not go down , nor did I see them draw them . The crowd was standing still in the turnpikeroad . I saw the people come back from our mill , and join the crowd ; the main body had started . I saw a number of the people go into Mr . Whitworth ' s mill ; my master told me to go and see if I could tell any of them again , and I followed them to Bacup . [ Here one of the witnesses came into comt , and was quickly found ont ; the Bench ordered him to be taken out of the room . ] I did not see any that was at our place . When I got to Bacup , the people were assembling together at a meeting st the bottom of Union Square . I saw Ashley there , in the cart where they spoke from . I did not get near to hear alL He said he wanted nothing bnt a fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s labour . I heard it said from the cart that they were to go to Newchurch and to Todmorden ; it was not Ashley that said so . I did not see Ashley when the people went away . The people had sticks with them .
Ashley cross-examined this witness—He said , I did not hear you s * y any thing bad ; I thought it was a good speech ; I was not alarmed . Ely Greenwood—I am an engineer and steam tenter for George Hardman and Company , at Facit I remember the 12 th of August I was at the factory that morning ; I remember some people coming down betwixt seven and eight o ' clock ; cannot tell how many came , I was standing at the fire-hole place ; the people came up to me , they came from the turnpike road ; two or three rushed past me and knocked tha plugs out of the boilers ; they went back to the people in the road , and joined them ; there were 6 or 700 ef them ; they were going quietly away towards Baeup . I did not see Ashley there .
John Stott—I live at Mount Pleasant , Prortor-street , by trade a wheelwright ; I rememer Thursday , when the mob came to this town , but not the day of the month The mills were stopped on tb . 3 t day . I went twice that day to a meeting at Cronkey Shaw . At night , between six and seven o ' clock , there were upwards of 3 , 000 people present There was a meeting , and speakers in a cart The prisoner , Ashley , was there . I heard him speak that night I do not remember what he said . He eaid something about his fellow-brethren , that they had been stopped from work by the people of Ashton and Oldham , and they must adopt some plan . I saw him take a show of hands . He talked about the distress of the country ; and he would show them whether the Repeal of the Com Laws , or the Chatter , would benefit the lower classes the best A motion was put , and
carried unanimously for the Charter . He spose of meeting at five o ' clock next morning , on the same place , to adopt some plan . A motion was put and carried to that effect I went to a meeting on Saturday , on the same place . It was held at nine o'clock in the morning . Ashley » aa there . He said , if all manufacturers had behaved as well as they had done to them at Bacup , they shonld have had no occasion to turn out . He mentioned a Mr . Mnnn , who had showed him his books ; and he found they paid the same wages they did six years ago . I did not stay till the conclusion of the meeting , I went up at night to a meeting . I did net stay many minutes ; I cannot say that Ashley was there —( the witness stood thinking ); I think he was there , and spoke and commented on the wages question ; that night it was mentioned that they should meet next day ( Sunday ) , on the same spot and hold the
same . Ashiey—Did yen hear me say anything against the masters ? Stott—No ; you said it was time that something should be done fer the people . Ashley—Will you swear that I put a motion from the cart ? Scott—Yes ; the sense of the meeting was taken by you whether they should stop for the repeal of Corn Laws or the Charter . Ashley—Were my speeches exciting and alarming to the minds of the people ? Stutt—No ; I did not hear yon say anything to disturb the minds of the people ; but to the contrary , you advised the people not to injure any person , nor do any harm Jo life or property , and to respect the laws . Committed to Kirkdale , on a charge of misdemeanor ; Bail wsls allowed him ; himself in £ 100 and two sureties in £ 50 each .
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DISCOVERY OF A fcPY . Tow ee Hamlets . —Ames Treadwell , alias Jones , a member of the National Charter Association , and a member of the General Council , having been openly denounced by a shopmate as a spy on the movements of the London Chartists , a Special Council meeting was held en Morday evening , the 12 th instant , and continued by adjournment on the Wednesday following , for the purpose of instituting a rigid inquiry as to the troth of the sonl- degrading imputation , and likewise to give the accused a £ iir opportunity of exonerating his character from odium if innocent . Treadwell was present during the investigation on Monday evening , but failed to make his appearance on Wednesday . When asked why he was absent he replied matters were so black against him , that all he could say or do would not prove his innocence . These meetings resulted in
the unmasking of as vile a wretch as ever figured in the annals of espionage , A starved viper that larks in the grass awaiting an opportunity to inflict the envenomed wound—a base sordid thing , that for filthy lucre barters the moral dignity ef man for the degradation of the spy ; a perfidious villain who , under the guise of friendship , worms himself into men ' s favour and confidence , and then attempts to sacrifice them on the sanguinary altars of Tory fury—a wretch who , in the language of Curran , would not hesitate to dip the Evangelists in blood in order to secure the reward of his infamy . Such is the light in which the Chartists of the Tower Hamlets now view the heretofore apparently active , persevering , and zealous Amos TreadwelL The following were the charges against Treadwell , which were borne out by evidence so conclusive as not to leave the shadow of a doubt on the mind of any one
present Firstly , that he went to an Inspector of Police , whose name , for prudence , we must withhold from print , and gave him a mass of information ( false no doujt , ) respecting the Chartist movement in London . Secondly—That he has been conveyed by the said Inspector to Scotland-yard , where he remained for several hours . Thirdly—In consequence of Tread well ' s information , warrants have been made ouS against seven individuals . The Inspector has promised to obtain for Treadwell a large reward , saying at the same time , that if they had half a dcz . n such men as Treadwell they would soon extirpate Chartism from the metropolis . Another cbrj-ge made against this miscreant was that be had concocted , and endeavoured to put into execution , a plot to deliver Dr . M'Dousil into the hands of Government , and thereby obtain the hundred pounds , the
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the price despotism has set upon his head . This charge came like a thunder-clap on the degraded tool of tyranny . His embarrassment , prevarication , and insolent replies , dearly showed the workings of & guilty conscience . The evidenee adduced in substantiation of this charge was circumstantial , bnt so powerful as to furnish the strongest presumptive testimony of the nefarious design of the villain . Treadwell writes a letter to Dr . M'Donall , which he takes to Mr . Campbell , requesting that he weald forward it . Mr . Cimpbell ' s suspicions being awakened , opened the letter , and finds that Treadwell earnestly requests an interview with the Doctor , ot that he would communicate with him by a letter , as he is the depository of information which would be of the highest importance to the Doctor under present
circumstances . He likewise informs him , that be has a sum of money to pay over to him , which at the present moment may be very acceptable . Now , on being asked what was the important information he had to communicate ? he * said that , returning late one night from a Chartist meeting , he was accosted by a stranger , who told him that he came from Manchester , and that those persons who had Dr . M'Douall ' s entire cenfidence in Manchester were about to sell him . Oa being asked how he could promise to pay Dr . M'Douall the 193 .- ^ d . he owed him , being out of employ the last five weeks , and borrowing money from all his acquaintances , he said he had written to his friends in Bristol for money , which would enable him to pay
the Dactor . He underwent a severe examination by the different ns « nber 3 of the council , but every answer tended only to make his criminality more glaring . The following resolution was then proposed , and unanimously carried : — " That this meeting having carefully considered the charges alleged against Amos Treadwell , and the evidence brought forward in support of them , are decidedly cf opinion that he is a base and flagitious , spy , and therefore deserves to be scouted with execration from the society of all honest men . The said Amos Treadwell , alias Jones , is a native of Bristol , a spare thin person , clockmaker by trade , stands about five feet four inches in height , age twenty-two , fair complexion , slightly pockmarked . — Evening Star , ........ ^ _ . . . . .
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TO THE AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM . In beginning a complete exposition of the present system of legal spoliation and plunder , we address you , as not only the most numerous portion of the working population , but also that portion the most useful to society . The first great necessary of life is food , and without your daily and ever-recurrng aid , society , from the want of this important article of existence , would soon cease to be . In proportion , therefore , to the value and importance of your calling , as well as from your great numbers , are you entitled to the first consideration in this attempt to analiz ? the wrongs of society , towards the application of an efficient remedy for its evils .
Agricultural labourers , you have suffered much from the present system of class-interest and class-legislation ; none more so . Step by step have your comforts been abridged—your privileges abrogated—your old constitutional landmarks removed ; and yet you have hitherto paid bnt little attention to the causes whence these growing evils have arisen . You have not been politicians , but the too-willing tools of rapacious landlords , in their crusades against your more active ind thinking fellow-countrymen , until , not only their liberties have been sacrificed , but your own ancient and constitutional rights have been swept away , and you now begin to see as through a glass darkly , the origin of your downfall , with that of yonr suffering fellowcountry men . You are awakening to a true perception of the " Condition of England question , " especially the political bearing of this great subject . So , to assist you in your deliberations , to fortify your -judgments , strengthen your resolution , and encourage you onward in the path of political inquiry , do we address you at the present time .
It is said that men pay most attention to thoBe questions that are connected with their social interests ai : d weekly subsistence . As all cannot comprehend the true value of abstract principle , the tangible and matter of fact most be therefore connected and conjoined , that the latter may be shewn to depend intimately on the former—in which case conviction respecting the real value of that which otherwise might be looked upon as a mere baseless speculation is sure to follow . Upon this plan do we intend to proceed . Our motto is—Universal Suffrage , and No Surrender—the entire People 8 Charter , And , as at present , misery and privation are the lot of toiling industry , and wealth and luxury the re g ard of idleness , while under upright institutions industry and comfort would be synonymous , and privation only wait upon the profligate and idle , we intend to shew the intimate connection of these two states of social being with the present system of class legislation on the one hand , and the adoption of the People ' s Charter on the other .
Agricultural labourers , your own hiBtory furniBb . es an admirable commentary on our text . You have been the victims of this remorseless spirit of class-interests and party . And to show how this process has been going forward , how the small comfortable farms of your forefathers have been heaped together for the modern bull-frog farmer , the " manufacturer of corn , " your cottage pulled down , your commons and wastes enclosed and rendered the private property of aristocratic burglare , yonr right to subsistence on the soil denied , with the other manifold evils under which you groan at present—to show these in as clear and concise a manner as possible , and their intimate connection with the great question of Universal Suffrage , is the task we have undertaken in the present address .
Ycur true condition has been well indicated in the following extract from a speech of an old and departed friend ; one , who though attached to a somewhat obsolete and bigoted political creed , had yet a heart to feel for your wrongs , and an eloquent aud willing tongue to plead your cause . Michael Thomas Sadler , in a speech on agricultural distress , delivered in the House of Commons , October 11 , 1831 , says , " The system of demolition and monopoly , which has , in the emphatic language of the inspired volume , ' laid house to house , and field to field , that they may stand alone in the earth , ' has left no place for the poor ; none for the little cultivator ; none for the peasant ' s cow ; no not enough in one case in ten for a garden . The best of the cottages have been
demolished' spurned indignant from the green , ' as the loveliest of the poets of poverty , Goldsmith , sings . The lonely and naked hut into which they are now thrust , for which is exacted an exorbitant rent , is destitute , both without and within , of all that formerly distinguished their humble abodes , is often unfit to stable even quadrupeds , and frequently so crowded by different families , as to set not comfort merely bat decenoy at defiance , and render morality itself an impossible virtue . Thither , then , the unhappy father , when employed , carries 1 > U wages , which , with the exception of a few short weeks in the year , are utterly inadequate to supply the necessities of a craving family . Wages did I say ? Parish payJ He is , perhaps , sold by aiition , as is the case in certain parishes , and therefore reduced to the condition of a slave , or driven to the workhouse , where he is
often treated worse than a felon . Labour , meant to degrade sod icsolt him , is often prescribed to him ; or , wholly unemployed , he sits brooding over his miserable fate ; winter labour , whether foi himself or his wife and children , having been long since taken away . Perpetually insulted by false and heartless accusations , for being a pauper , when his accusers have compelled him to become such ; for being idle , when his work has been taken from him ; for improvidence , whence can hardly exist , he feels these insults barbed by past recollection . " The very sympathies of his nature become reversed : those who would once have constituted his comforts and pleasures , his ragged and half-starved offspring , ( who cannot stray a pace from hia hovel without becoming trespassers and being severely treated as such , ) and their wretched mother , increase hia . misery .
He escapes , perhaps , from the scene of his distress , and attempts to lose the recollection of it and of himself , in dissolute and dangerous courses . Meantime , had some peculiar calamity , some inscrutable visitation of Providence reduced him to this condition , perhaps he might have sustained it with composure of spirit . But he knows otherwise . He can trace his Bufferings and degradation to their true source . He knows by whom they have been inflicted upon him , and he feels what would be their cure , and enn calculate how little it would cost others , to make him and his supremely happy . Meantime , the authors of his sufferings are those that insult him with demanding that he should be quiet and grateful , thav he should be
contented and cheerful under them ! ' They that havo wasted him , require mirth 1 ' Not only are tb . 8 falsest accusations levelled at him , but even the | feelings common to nature are imputed to him as an offence ; his marriage was a crime ; his children are so many living nuisances ; himself is pronounced redundant ; and after having been despoiled of every advantage he once possessed , he is kindly recommended as his best , and indeed only course , to transport himself for life , —for the good of his oppressors , and to die unpitied and unknown in some distant wilderness . And this , sir , is the condition , at the present moment , of thousands—of tens of thousands—of the labouring poor . "
This is no overcharged picture , but much under the mark , and adapted to the tastes of tho assembly he was addressing—parties always exceedingly fastidious , and unprone to overcolour anything connected with industrial distress . As the resnlte of the " enclosure" and large farming systems , and of ihe downward progress of your condition , we need only refer to the state of a few of the agricultural counties , which may be taken as a sample of the whole . The report of a committee on inclosures , in 1808 , stated , that the results which were the subject of examination in a tour of sixteen hundred miles , made for that purpose , proved that they had > been clearly injurious to the poor . An intelligent Witness informed another committee , namely , that on the hiijb . price of
provisions , that he had himself been a Commisioner under twenty ioclosure acts , and stated his opinion as to their general effect on the poor , lamenting tbat he had been thereby accessary to injuring two thousand people , at the rate of twenty families per parish . The reply of a poor fellow to Arthur Young , the great advocate of inclosures , ( though under regulations which would indeed have rendered them a benefit to all parties , ) recorded in one of his agricultual sui-veys , is true , to a more or less degree , of every industrious labourer in England , wherever these improvements have taken place . To his query as to whether the inclosure had injured him , he replied , •' Sir , before the inclosure I had a good garden , kept two cows , and was getting on ; , now I cannot keep so much as a goose , and am poor and wretched , and cannot help myself ; and
still y « u ask me if the inclosure has hurt me !" Another , and a still deeper injury which it has also perpetrated , still remains to be noticed . Not only has the little farm been monopolised , the common right destroyed , the garden in many instances seized , but the cottage itself demolished ; and the ploughshare now drives over many a little plot where once stood the bower of contented labour . Suffolk , has , in the course of one hundred and twenty years , increased in population , including the great increase of some of its towns , as much as eighty per cant , and rather more . What has been the increase in the accommodation for the poorer part of the population ? Why , in 1690 , there were forty-seven thousand five hundred and
thirtyseven bouses in that county ; in 1821 , then , there ought to have been at least ninety thousand houses . But there were in the latter year only forty-two thousand seygp . 'hundred and seventy-three inhabited houses , the iwnte number being eleven per cent fewer than one nvumced and thirty years before . The whole of six counties so selected , exhibited a result , in this respect , not quite So appalling , but sufficiently distressing , however regarded . Their popnlalfon had , from 1701 to to 1821 , advanced upwards of seventy-five per cent , bnt tne houses for its accommodation less than twentyfive . It is unnecessary to remark on what class the misery of such a state of things would be made to rest . Even in counties supposed by the Committee free from this state of things , "th infection works . "
In a letter referred to by Mr . Sadler , in the speech already quoted , a Vicar in ono of these counties gives the foilowiug picture of rural felicity in his parish : — " 'Daring the last forty years , ' says the reverend gentleman , ' four cottages only have been built by * " . • * , and even these in lieu of the same number taken or fallen down . The accommodation for the poor is far more confined than it was some years past
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Tha old parsonage , which I rebuilt when I came to the living , I found inhabited by four pauper families . There were also , a short time previously , five pauper families in two farm-houses , now occupied again by farmers . The want of room , therefore , has created the greatest difficulties to the overseers , and has rendered their office peculiarly painfuL For several weeks they have been compelled to quarter a poor family at the publio-house , two of the young men being under the necessity of sleeping in a barn . In some of the cottages the poor are so huddled together that the sight 1 b most distressing , and the effect , of course , very demoralising . The following is a specimen : —
No . Families . Persons . Accommodation . 1 2 10 1 ground floor , 2 bed rooms 2 ...... 2 8 ...... 1 room only , 12 feet square 3 ...... 2 7 1 room ground floor , 12 . } feet square . Two girls obliged to sleep on the ground floor . i ...... 1 9 1 room ground floor , 1 bed room 5 ...... 1 ...... 7 ...... 1 room only , 12 feet square 6 I ...... 11 1 room ground floor , 2 bed
rooms 7 ...... 0 ...... 11 Different individuals , all females , except a youth of eighteen , and a young boy . 1 room ground floor ; 1 bed
• room . 8 0 9 Different individuals . ' He goes on to say , ' Most of these cottages are in a sad state of repair ; and all , with the exception of the two last , which are parish bouses , belong to the lord of the monor . ' He says tbat he made application to the nonresident proprietor ( to whose intentional benevolence , however , he bears testimony ) , and to his agent , but could obtain no redresB of this grievous state of things ; as the latter had come to the determination ( a very usual one ) that not an additional cottage should be built—of course giving the orthodox reason for the refusal . " ' The consequences of this neglect , and the huddling of human beings together , is drawn by Mr . Sadler in the following forcible and eloquent language : —
" Not only early and general depravity , but crimes of the moat fearful nature are thus generated . ( Here the Honourable Member related a case of the moat appalling kind , which he hoped would not be communicated through the usual channels of information . ) But not te dwell on this horrid subject , what , I ask , must be the usual consequences , when different families : iro thus thrust into the same hole as a sleeping apartment ; and , immorality out of the question , how can decency be preserved , especially under certain circumstances , in the family , in such cases ? But , Sir , I will pursue these revolting descriptions no further . Hurried away by my indignation at this cruel and indecent usage of the poor peasantry , I had almost forgot one revolting feature of the system of oppression to which they are now subjected . For these accommodations , wretched as they are , the most exorbitant rents—exorbitant in
reference to what they are worth ( that is often , literally speaking , nothirg ) or for the little . patch of garden ground , when they have any , are exacted ; a fact which has been fully verified , both by agricultural reports and surveys , : md by witnesses before your own Committees , and is fully known and undisputed . Indeed , it has necessarily happened that the more the cottages have been diminished in number , the more have their rents been increased ( a consequence which the economists themselves will allow to have been inevitable ) , till they have at length , compared with every other species of property , become exorbitant , compelling the wretched tenant to resort to the parish for the means of paying them ; leaving him , therefore , the disgrace of being a pauper , but depriving him , at the same time , of the relief he should receive as such .
"I now come to another principal branch of the subject , namely , that which concerned the wages and employment of the poor . But on this point , important as it plainly is , time will compel me to be sort . When the improvements , as they have been called , ( and might have been rendered ) in the agricultural syateiu , took place , and the labouring classes were deprived of their little holdings , their commonage , and often their good gardens , they were told that the demand for their labour would be so great y increased , and Ub wages consequently so much advanced , that they would be infinitely better ofi under the new plan . But it admits no longer of a dispute , that while they have thus been deprived of their independent labour , that which they yield to others is rendered as far as possible less necessary and worse remunerated . In summer or harvest , as I have before shown , their work is indeed demanded ; but it ia to the wintor , the trying season to the poor , that I am now ahnut to advert : —
" First , the altered practice of hiring servants by the week , instead of , as was formerly the case , by the year , has had a pernicious effect on the winter employment of the poor . The report I have so often alluded to , when referring to the Northern counties , as those in which the condition of the poor is still compartatively comfortable , shonld have stated , ( had the committee known it , ) that this practice still prevails in the border counties of England , to the equal comfort and advantage of all patties . Secondly , the thrashing machine has , as fur as possible , dispensed with a great part of the winter employment of the labourers , ana all the incidental expences duly considered , without , as far as I have been able to calculate , any advantage whatever to the farmer , or to the public . I speak not thus as an apologist for the attacks that have been made upon this description of property , far otherwise ; but with the hope of inducing the acriculturistB to count wv ) l the costs before they sanction , ( where it is unnecessary , ) that which will inevitably distress and pauperise the poor .
" Lastly , and to thfa particular I weuld draw the attention Of the House , as of infinite importance in any view of the causes of the distress of Our rural poorthe improvements of the machinery of this country , and the consequent transference of the simplest processes of manufacture to the larija towns of Engiand , have had the inevitable result of depriving the female part of the cottager ' s family of that profitable employment which presented itself , indeed , at every vacant hour throughout the year , but which secured to them a constant occupation in the winter season A late Fltmish writer exults in the
circumstance of the winter eoltuge laoour m that country being still preserved in a great measure ; and he attributes to that fact the comfort of their rural population . Tbat is no longer the case in England , nor perhaps can ever be again . Let us , then , be the more anxious to consider how we may compensate this great and necessary class of the community , for this connected series of deprivations and misfortunes which have occasioned the misery which now overwhelms them . Thus , then , have onr rural poor been successively deprived of every advantage which they formerly possessed , and of every chance of improvement which they once were so eager to avail themselves of . "
All acquainted with agricultural pursuits and disposed to a fair consideration of the subject , will at once agree with Sadler , at least respecting the proximate causes of the distress stated—viz .. the large fann system , the enclosure of wastes and commons—the Introduction of the thrashing machine , and the annihilation of domestic manufactories by the " cheap" system of large factories and steam . Respecting the wages paid for agricultural labour , Mr . Porter , in his " Progress of the Nation , " p . 122 , states the following interesting particulars : — "Among the questions sent to the variona parishes in England , during the inquiry into the administration and practical operation of the Poor Laws , it was asked ' Wliat on the whele might an average labourer ,
obtaining an average amount of employment , both in daywork and piece-work , expect to earn in the year , including harvest work and the valuo of all his other advantages and means of living , except parish relief ? And what on the whole mighS a labourer ' s wife and four children , aged fourteen , eleven , eight , and five , respectively , ( the eldest a boy , ) expect to earn in the year , obtaining as in the former cose , an average amount of employment ?' £ . b . d . " The answer to these queries from 856 , give , for the annual earning of the man , an average of ... .... ... ... 27 17 10 And the answers from 668 parishes , give as the annual earnings of the wife and children an average of ... 13 19 10
Annual income of the family ... ... £ 41 17 8 "To the further question , ' Could » uch a family subsist on tbe aggregate earnings of the father , mother , Rnd children ; and , if so , on what food ? ' Answers were returned from 899 to the following effect : —71 said simply ' No ; ' 212 , ' Yts ; ' 12 , ' Barely , and with out meat ; ' 491 , ' Without meat '" Thfs account of the rate of . wages paid for your labour may be considered a very favourable one ; for it is to be observed , that it is not what you really do earn , but what you might earn with an average amount
of empl&yment , supposing you all employed . Other accounts state the income of agricultural labourers , particularizing Gloucestershire , Somersetshire , Worcestershire , and Wilts , at an average of < £ 22 7 s ., or 8 s . 6 d . per week . A correspondent of the Morning Chronicle says , that few earn more than 8 s . per week , aud that this , allowing 9 < 1 . per week for rent , Is . 6 d , for fuel , 9 d . for soap , caudles , &c , leaves 5 s . for food , which , for a man and wife , and four children , is just lOd . a week for each ; or , allowing them food three times a-day , it will give something less than one halfpenny a meal .
The above rate of wages of each class , be it observed , is calculated upon the supposition that yonr order have constant employment , which is very seldom the case . From tbe quantity of facts yet at our disposal , for the illustration of this important subject , we must defer the conclusion of the article until onr ntxt number . The series of articles" on the Wrongs of Ireland will then also be commenced . —Campbell ' s Penny Democrat .
Tnitzhugh, Walker, And Co., 12, Goree J? Piazzas, Liverpool, Dispatch Regularly, Fine Rirst
TniTZHUGH , WALKER , and Co ., 12 , Goree J ? Piazzas , Liverpool , dispatch regularly , Fine rirst
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On . Thursday morning , at St . Ann ' s Catholic church , Leeds , Air . John Pinder , of York , to Miss Webster , of Leed * . On Thursday , the 22 nd instant , at Kirby Hill , near Pdehmond , by the Rev . Thomas Holme , Mr . Edward Parnaby , of Ebnr House , near Leeds , to Miss Anna Arrov / sniith , of ftewsham Hall , second daughter of Mr . James Arrowsmith , of Aiskew . Sxme day , at the parish church , Lambeth , by the Rev . G . Brandling , JameBGraese , Esq ., to Ellen , the third daughter of Mr . Clay , manufacturer , Wakefield .
Same day , at Kirkheaton , Mr . We Milner , of Q'lincey , Illonoia , North America , to Elizabeth , youngest dan ^ hcer of Mr . Joseph Milner , of Rawthorp , near Hwddersfield . Same day , at the parish church , Otley , by the Rev . J . Hart , vicar , Mr . Jeremiah Walker , of the Queen ' s Head , to Margaret , youngest daughter of Mrs . Jennings , of the Malt Shovel Inn , all of fiurley , near Otley .
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THE CHARTISTS OF HUNSLET TO THEIR BRETHREN THROUGHOUT THE EMPIRE . Brother Democrats , —As fellow-workers with us in the cause of right , we call upon you to do all that lies in your power to promote the formation of such a defence fund as shall assure our champions tbat we appreciate their noble services ; aud that by a proper display of our moral and united energies we are resolved to make the tyrants who oppress us tremble , and feel their utter insignificance when opposed to a patriotic and united people . Hundreds of good men have been dragged from their homes and immured in prisons by the operation of bad laws , and at the dictum of class-made minions of power , and it the duty of all who wish well to their country , to see that these innocent victims of the hellish system under which we groan , be not delivered over like sheep into the talons of the wolves who are thirsting for their felocd .
We are doing all we can in furtherance of the good cause ; and have , with this address , transmitted 10 * . to the Treasurer of the Defence Fund . Nor is this all we intend to do . We , like the rest of our brethren , are poor ; bnt we still keep our subscription books open , and take what the lovers of justice find themselves able to give . We believe that , under the blessings of the Gad of Jnstice , the pence of the poor will yet triumph over the despotism of the rich oppressor . We are resolved to do all we can ; and we expect you to go and do likewise . Signed , on behalf of the CiartLsts of Hunslet , t . B . Smith .
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MID AND EAST LOTHIANS COLLIERS ' STRIKE . A POLICEMAN KILLED . — MILITARY CALLED OUT . Saturday , Sept . 24 th , 4 p M . The colliers strike begins to assume a serious aspect . I have just been informed by thocj on whom I can place the most implicit reliance tbat a policeman has been killed by the colliers , and the military sent for from Jock's Lodge . The particulars , as far as I am yet able to ascertain , are as follows : — It appears that a number of colliers was met by a policeman at Edgehead , near Dalkeith , the colliers carrying a sack containing potatoes , they were stopped by the policeman , who insisted to know from whence they obtained the potatoes . They refused to tell him ; from words they came to blows . A dreadful scuffle ensued , which ended by the policeman being left fox dead . The whole of the police in the district were soon
on the alert , who succeeded in apprehending one man at bis house , whom they placed in irons , and were about to convey him to prison , when lo ! the news had spread , they were surronnded by colliers , the policemen beaten off , and the man carried off in triumph , chains and alL To those who have watched the progress of late events , this will not be at all surprising ; the men on strike have been taunted and grossly insulted both by the coal-masters and magistrates . The following proclamation will shew tho readers of the Star the way in which tbe brave but much-injured colliers have been treated , and I ask if a greater insult was ever given to working men ? A few potatoes are stolen , ( which is the case every year , when there are no strikes , ) and the colliers are charged with stealing them ; it is then I repeat no wonder that the exasperated men , and the police should come into deadly conflict .
Tbe following is the precious official document above referred to : — Proclamation by the Sheriff of the County of Edinburgh . "Whereas , extensive depredations have been recently committed upon potatoe and other crops , now upon the ground , in certain parts of the county of Edinburgh ; and whereas there is every reason to believe that those depradations were . committed by those misguided persons , who , choosing to abstain from their ordinary calling , illegally endeavour to support themselves withont working by plundering the fruits of the skill and industry of others , who do choose to labour for their bread , contrary to law , and to the great injury of individuals and tha public . Notice is hereby given , that arrangements have been made by the Sheriff and by those exposed to such depredations for tbe detection aud punishment of any persons who may be guilty of such offences in future . Graham Speirs , Sheriff .
There ' s for you 1 what think you of that 1 I make no comment—it will tell its own tale . Add to this : a placard comes out during the week from the coal masters , in which it is stated that "sober and industrious" men could earn from 3 s . 6 d . to 4 s . per day ! A greater or a more wilful lie was never told . Yoar correspondent has not the least connexion with colliers ; but I have it from most respectable individuals , who have every means of ascertainis the truth , that the average wages- of these injured men does not exceed 10 s . per weeh ! Further down this same placard , the men are called " idlers" and " unsteady workers" ! This is an old wom-out tale used by tyrannical masters , to prevent their men from receiving the sympathy and support of tbe public . Pharaoh , of old , said the same of the children of Israel
It would appear , howaver , that the black-hearted coal tyrants have been but too successful in preventing the men from receiving the support of the public . A great part of the shopkeepers of Dalkeith depend upon the colliers' wages : a deputation from the men went round to collect what they could from those inclined to give , and hew much do the readers of the Star think they collected ? Why , the extraordinary sum of 15 s . from the whole of the shopkeepers of Dalkeith , whose incomes are derived from the hard-earned wages of these celliers , while the poor Chartists of the district collected them upwards of £ 3 at & social meeting 1 This will teach them who are their friends , and who are their foes ; and , I think , shonld shew them the necessity of starting Co-operative Stores , when they get again into work .
If any further facts come out on Monday , I will transmit them to you . HONDA ? MORNING . The policeman is not dead , bnt it is raid cannot live . Another policeman is badly beat . Horse and foot soldiers continue to arrive ; all is confusion—the poor colliers who live in tbe master's houses are this day to be turned out by the soldiers , their mouth's notice having expired . The horse soldiers galloped at that furious rate from Jock's Lodge , that one was thrown fram his horse , and serieusly hurt ; it is said his shoulder is dislocated , and one of his arms broken . —Correspondent .
Carriages.
CARRIAGES .
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DEATHS . On the 21 st ult ., at Aialaby Hall , near Whitby . in his o 8 ch year , Watkins , Esq ., father of Mr , John Walking , of Battersea . On Thursday , in the 84 th year of his age , Mr . Jonathan Bland , of Clayton , near Bradford . On Friday last , at Moor Grange , near HeadinRley , after a Ion * : illness , Eliza , the onl ^ AU ^ iving daughter of the late Thomas Wilsoju 4 ^ tfS |^ £ - ^ ton Green , near LonooD . * fVr& fcJ&fifk A at Same day , aged 91 , Mrs : wfe « rair | raB « f ^« Yeadon , near Leeds . M \ & % ly * 3 g 5 a 8 p 3 ^^ Same day , at Wocdhouse ^ ttiW ^ mTtlft'S ¦ wife of Mr . James Brayshaw , jdfrCTWMJwgffiinftE' | B late . Mr . John Kichols , Btationq ^ yjQfffiyi jM ' . l ^ ttf On Thursday , the 22 nd Blt ., ^ UEua « M ^ w& ^ 9 B F . Ledyard , of Mil field , B oV ^ 3 IMtJ ^ 9 ffO \ Q daughter of Samuel Brcwk , E : ^ JKfjtMwvW )
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Da . nger of Inconsiderate Offers . —A gentleman in this county , who was much annoyed by W 33 p 8 , rather thoughtlessly offered a shilling for evtry wasp ' s nest which could be brought to him . All hands in the neighbourhood immediately set to work , and the unlucky gentleman had to pay about £ 40 , there being nearly 800 nests brought to him . — Derby Mercury .
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TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —In your " Notices to Correspondents" in the Star of last week , appeared a letaer from a George Clarkson , a member of the Political Institute , complaining of a paragraph sent by me , which appeared in the Star of Sept 17 th . I have only te say that the report of Mr . Gill ' s announcement was taken from the Sheffield It is of Sept 13 th , and confirmed by several persons who incidentally mentioned tbe circumstance to ma 1 cannot see what Jigbt Messrs Clatkson and Co . have to find fault with me , in copying the " report " of the Iris , for I suppose tfiey believe that what " report says" must be hue ; at any me , these sensitive gentlemen , so nice . about their ows honour , but not over scrupulous about , other people ' s ,
might have first corrected their Complete Suflrage friend the Iris , before falling fonl of the Northern Star —a paper not often honoured with their correspond ence . With respect to tbe remarks appended to the above letter , permit me , Sir , to reply , that , ichen I am convinced that the Political Institute gentry art Chartists , I shall be happy to alter my tone towards them . In the meantime I shall pursue my own course , exposing humbug of every description , and setting at defiance those whom I have before denounced , as " the 1 real' foes of democracy , and the deadly enemies of all who honestly advocate the cause of the people . " Your obedient Servant , George Julian Habnet . Sfctffisld , Sept 27 , 1842 .
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Parliament ! has been prorogued from the 6 th of October co thejlOch of November next . What is Sedition ?—This is a question which ever y pub l i o m a n will soon e r o r l at e r hav e to ask him s elf , if the present systematic efforts to put down the free expression of opinion continue . Sir Robert Peel ' s powerful position in tho House of Commons bos stimulated the magistracy to the most odious exercise of their functions ; and they seem to be fully conscious that neither from him nor his colleagues need tlieyfear the least iatertaptioa to their barefaced proceedings . Although all excitement has long since ceased upon the part of tho operatives , yet every where the police are ordered to put down or lake up publio speakers . A Chartist lecturer has - penetrated to the forest of Dean , in Gloucestershire , and addressing the rustio inhabitants of that spot , has been proved to say , " that it was a great shame the Queen did not maintain her
own mother , as your poor foresters are obliged to do . " The magistrates havo been so horrified by this language , and so convinced of its seditious tendency , that they have compelled the speaker to give bail , himself in £ 100 , and four sureties of £ 25 each , to answer any indic . ment that may be preferred against him . And should he be indicted , and suoh asinine boobies as these magistrates on the jury he will ; without fail , be convicted aud sentenced to imprisonment . . Law will not assist him , nor others in a Jike predicament . Nothing but tha strong voica of an enlightened public opinion will impresr , the magisterial authorities with the prudence of not putting popular patience to too great a trial . It is . much to be desired that publio opinion were more active upon this subject than it has been . Whenever the people become indifferent to their rights , they stand a very fair chance of losing them . —Evening Star . ' .
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, THE NORTHERN STAR . 5
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 1, 1842, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct618/page/5/
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