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( Concluded from our Sixth page . ) Hi heart—{ langhttt ) He hoped ha motion would » je * retrogade one . He ( Mr . e'Connor ) had been at ^ lejre , too . He bad flood before two special juries , isd before the whole array of faction 1 b the Qaeen ' a jjaacb , to advocate the principles of the Chattel' ; and jj again fee should become the -victim of faction , * g »»« V onl ( i he come to that platform , asd renew hia tow jad covenant with them—( load eheera . ) A hope had j , eeD expressed that the Anti-Corn Law League would « t the £ 50 . 000 . Devil doubt them—( laughter . ) The gjotchman said , " Get the money honestly , if y < ja can , > ct at all event * get the mosey ; " and he had no doubt gat if the sum trere £ 100 , 000 instead of £ 50 , 000 , Hie pence would b « screwed reluctantly from the * A 1 "i ~ . J }*** i / aam ****— . Of ^ I \
pockets of the wares—jnear , near . ) No doubt , good Jae would be made of it , but , after all , the League voold be obliged to come to the Chartist shop , ^ fcen the money was spent —( hear ; hew , and cheers . ) Tfben the £ 50 , 600 was expended , and the money had jslled is the appliance , then the League would be © bil ged te confess that they -were bad workmen , and jhsi thty hid gone to work without their tools —( hear , Jjesr .: —The first thing was to f o into the free-market leg islation , and see if they could purchase men ' s minds Jjy purchasing their hearts , and then they would see if Jhey could not repeal the Cora Laws in opposition to jbe landlords —( hear , he&r ) . When the antUCam Law league could show them that their measure would be for the benefit of aD , and not far a rlnim- ¦ that it would
put additional clothing upon the back of the working man , instead of exploring new corners , to find customers te purchase their manufactured goods , because Ihe operatives of England were so impoverished by their aTiriciouB and grasping taskmasters that they could not purchase clothing for themselves—that it would put a large loaf into the poor uian "» cupboard , without diminishing his wages to such an extent , in order to carry oi > what was termed foreign competition , Shat the large loaf should be as dear to him as the smaller one—and if in addition to these considerations they could stow that the operative would be enabled lo occupy his lioase as a free man , then the Chartist ? would repeal ( be Corn Laws for them— . hear , bear , and cheers ) . Let them take something like a philosophical
view of the question . The doctrine of finality , —what ffid it mean ?—( hear , hear ) . If they applied the prinriple to tie Reform Bin , they might equally apply it to iwhanUm ft ™ . L ^ bJaHoB , lite mar fcirpry , depended for its nine upon human science and ingenuity , and its adaptation to the altered circumstances and requirements of society . If , therefore , there was to be no reform of the Reform Bill , it might as well be contended , and with just as much propriety and common sense , that a man should sot be allowed to make any improvement in a machine , because he had constructed f { oa a certain moving principle , the imperfections of which , were afterwards sufficiently obvious . ( Hear , tear . ) But let him go a little further , in order that ihe meeting might see what his object was . He was
merely guiog to glance cursorily at what were termed fits great measures which the people had obtained , and tc ahow that they had been of no practical utility . He would go to that time when the people of England sid u the legislature of the country , that their Roman Catholic fsiiow-countrymfcn should so longer be branded l > y the name of " slave , " and to the period when Catholic Emancipation was granted . Next came the Reform Bu i-, sex : the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts ; next the payment of £ 20 , 000 , 000 for the Eman-© patten of the Negro slaves ; next the Corporation Befonn Bill ; next the reduction in newspaper stamps ,-aext the Penny Postage Act ; and , before all these , pnTnTnTTr- ^ i-aHfm by steam . Now , all these were considered great Tnaainwv and any of them , he supposed ,
fcr st , would be regarded by their authors of greater advantage to the community than the repeal of the Com laws . He would ask them—Had the people derived any bandit from the measures he had enumerated ? —{ Cries of "No , no . ")—Yirtuslly , no doubt , they were intended for the benefit of the people , but the policy of ths two factions had always been to frustrate them whenever they appeared to . have that tendency . —( Hear , bear . )—If , then , no good had resulted from these measures—if all of them combined had not been sufficient te conquer and destroy the evils produced by classlegislason ; "were they to be cajoled and humbugged by She cry that the repeal of the Corn Xa ws was the only measure from which any benefit would flow ?— ( Cries of ? ' >" o , so , " aadcheers . )—Then they had his reason not for
auctioning or supporting what he regarded as a trick to divert the working clasees from what really concerned thai interests as producers of -veelth , and as members rf the tommiinity . —( Cheer * >—He would abide by the principles embodied in the Charter , and when he abandoned them ms hoped every Chartist in the kingdom vooM abandon him . — tCbeera )—He had gone with Stem in dragging these principles through the mud-Iney had placed a sightly garb over them , and they Sbey had made them worthy ot the advocacy of men Who were yet ashiinfcd to take the name . —( Hear , hear , bear . ;—There were those who were with them in principle , but sot in name . Such Sjea would like to be caQed Christians , and yet deny Che same nt Christr- <*»»*» boar . ) Be had listened
vith nidi delight to tos glowing' and eloquent speech cf a countryman of his own , Uz . Jones , but there "was oae sentence of his ipeech in which he did not agree . In speaking of the principles of the Charter , Mr . -Jones said he would never cease to advocate those principles either under the Charter cr some other name . Now , he ( Mr . O Cornot ) would not advocate them by any ott = r name , because he believed that the effect of doing so would be to remove them further from the accomplishjjient d their object— , 'hsar , hear . ) It was under their pr esent name that the principles of the Charter bad made the impression they had done in the country , and Sb ougbhe stood alone he declared most solemnly before Ids God that he would never agitate for the Charter mrder any other nsnw . —( Loud and continued
cheers)aancfc bad be * n said about the owners of soil , and what had the working classes to complain of ? Why that the wealthy classes appropriated all that was produced to thanialTes . God had given ths people the land , and ihe devil had given them land lards . —( Much laughter . ) —Tben again with respect to machinery . What had the ? now a proof of ? The prod nctire power of the eonnfay by machinery was so great that more goods could fee produced than would meet the requirements of more than the population of the whole globe —( hear , hear . ) Was he , therefore , opposed to machinery ? If it could be made the working man ' s holiday instead of his corse , then he waa for it , bat he always had , and ever wonld , oppose a system -which went to enrich one class , -l&d the smallest and most opulest , to the
impoverishment and starvation of the largest class , who were least able to protect themselves against the tyranny and avarice of their oppressors—( chee rs ) Bat the working dasset were not the only parties who svf&red from ihs system . Every man displaced by machinery was Bonjueh taken out of the till of the shopkeeper *—( bear , hear . ) The shopkeepers now begin to find that t&ss legislation would pauperise them , as it had already pauperised the operatives , and they were befm&ing to support the Chartists—( bear , hear . ) What did tiuy find sow ? Tbe very prediction he made in a letter -which he addressed to the Chartists , when he Wai at college—( laughter )—bad corns to pass . The landlords were beginning to be frightened . It was bow the landlords against the Tories and the Corn
law Bepeakra , so that the Chartists had driven them to something like their duty , and thinks to Peel , be had made more Chartists in a few months than they lad made all their lives —( cheer 3 and laughter . ) O . ' be wished Lord Abinger would try Peel—( loud cheers and laughter . ) He would aay— " TbiB is a proper Chartist . This is genteel robbery , but you T&gakndi ( the Chartists ) have no right to touch anything —go home and bear your priTations like men "—{ ka $ hter ) . But the people were net to be so cheated . 5 bey were beginning to find that the existing order of fiip , if they were allowed to go on , would ultimately place the property of the country in the hands of a T few individuals , whilst the great bulk of the productive classes were left to starve —( bear , hear )
Well , then , he called upon them , as Charti sts , to go <» in tbe current of their course , neither to torn to the ri ght hand or to the left , and , so far as he was con-« ased , he shculd require no tune to answer an in-^ ttnkat , for an honeat man was al trays ready to take * a trial before a -virtuous tribunal—icheers ) . He had •<* been so much amorjg them as formeriy , but he ™ i been devoting his nnpaid services to their cause in *« aon and elsewhere , and , by tbe blessing of God , » would continue to do so —( cheers ) . Why they piked of an nnion among the people ; they bad bad it *« 7 years ago . The people nnited with the Dnke of *« tford , and Charles James Fox , to carry the whole yrinri ptea for which tiiey were now contending . The I ** plfc stood by them , but Fi * took office untJer a
I « y adm inistration , and then be never more spoke of tbasixpointg . As soon as be had made his principles a * epping-stone to bis own aggrandisement , he kicked f " » 7 tae scinvld , but stuck to the pole himself , and ¦* the people down to tbe ground—( bear , hear . ) But *» ease could not be again dtfeate * . Peel and his eoI 1 eagues might attempt to put down public meetings <* the people , but tbe people would do their duty for har own principles ( cheers ) . The Government might " * S 1 attanpt . to step ihe snn iB his eareef , or to rat the tide of the ocean , as to prevent the peeple UKinbUng together , to discuss their grievances in a ^ e > ee * ble and legitimate manner , and the anti-Corn *•» League mijht as well attempt to do tbe same « i = fss to induce the people to join in the cry for a of
*^* ai tb * Corn laws , without anything else mixed JJ ' ^ ifa it- Hefeeers . ) Well , then , from that night ?* ~ 8 * 7 must go on . He should most gladly **** been at their meeting to-day , to elect delegates -to ^? t « at Conference at Birmingham , which he waa ****** to do , both as a rate payer and a householder * ¦ ** ediJ but as the Charter said that no man shonld T ^ fe in two places , and as he lived at Hammersmith , ^ iBtteded to rote at home , be was determined he 7 *^« not violate the principle laid d « wn in the Cbar-S . " » "Ktin ? at Leeds—( Hear , hear . ) He should go " we B $ nEinfchsm Conference , to do all in his power w « too-3 e and heal past differences , and to promote ™;<« . » olar a , Q ^ t union could be based upon the ~ 3 K PiDCtlpi rrf th * f ! hirtP » . >* e * isa . 86 help him
T ^ j ce BmrwenldcoiKut to their principles being ^^ asec—( L « d ebetre . ) A day of reckoning -woal 6 «•¦ = « . Tfc . ifciegatefi troiiM go to tfce Conference at ? ^^ iaa , to do their duty , and wben they caae r * £ . tte people -Boald b .--ve to do theirs . Whilst at . " , ^ cJtrtrcSr - ^ s delegates would act as tfce servants K c - Ptipifc—^ Lentiitj rciuraea , they would hare to
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give an account of their stewardship—( near , bear ) Be had said that be sheuld seek to promote-union , at far u it could be based on principle . Then be asked them , u % matter of justice , not to heap any slander ot eon , tumely upon him , and say when that Conference was over , that they wished things had , been otherwise—( Hear , bear . ) Having x * csived their verdict of approval fot the line he had chalked out for himself , -he was at liberty to ict under that impression . He found that the Anti-Corn Law party were going to have a large out-door meeting in London , and if they were there , he would be there to »—( Cheers . ) He never panted so much to meet an enemy , as he did to meet those men who first arrested the Chartist leaders and then con-Tioted them—{ Hear . hear . \ They talked of wanting to OiO tf k ttaunrmi **•/ « VaT « « 4-a < BBP * W-l 1 * 'K ^ TVu _{ Vib « W l ^ Ck « - »\ Ca
unite with tbe working classes , to do them a service—( Laughter . ) Wby , bad they not the power to render them service , without seeking for an Act of Parliament to enable them to do so —( Hear , hear , and cheers ) Pshaw l the people never yet united with the middle classes , when the middle classes did not get the upper hand—( Lon 4 cries of " Hear , hear . ") What was their duty as Caartista ? They must make themselves powerful , not by resorting to violence , or any infringement of the law , but in standing up for their principles , and showing the legislature that justice and sound policy called for their enactment - —( hear , hear ) . This bad been his mede of advocating the question , asd bow consolatory it "was to Mitt to find , after ali the gibes , and taunts , an 4 abuse , and misrepresentation , which had been heaped upon him by mere tools of fact ion , and the little minded , that the
• glorious principles of the Charter were now beginning to find support on the part of those who had been the most bitter revilers of tbe industrious classes and their leaders —( loud cheers ) . Yea , the " great ones" were beginning to come round to his principles—( cheers ) . They were beginning to discover that if they were te "have free trade , they must first have it in legislation , and . then they might obtain the co-operation of the labouring classes in obtaining the other —( bear , bear ) . Tb £ Chartists were accused of tyranny , and a desire to trouble the rest of the -community —(" no , no . " ) Ah ! they knew who were the tyrants and the oppressors . If they had the power , the Chartists would not place Lord Abinger in tbe dock , but they would , if they had tbe power , charter a vessel to bring back the victims of transportation , and open the doors of the dungeons to the victims of incarceration—( cheers ) .
" Thej never fail who die In a great cause ; the block smy soak their gore ; Tbeir beads may sodden in tbe snn ; their limbs Be strung to city gates and castle walls—But still their spirit walks abroad . Thongh years Elapse , and others share as darK a doom , They bat augment tbe deep and sweepin g thoughts "Which overpower all others , and conduct The world at last to freedom !" He had now Baid as muck as he felt himself equal to . And , in conclusion , he could assure them that never , in ihe whole course of his life , had he derived more heartfelt satisfaction than in listening to tbe admirable addresses of a countryman of bis own , and to that patriotic and indomitable Yorksbireman , in whose
hands , as their advocate in the House of Commons , they must leave the question , when Parliament reassembled—( cheers . ) It was for tbe Chartists cut of doors to strengthen bis hands , and to enable him to show to the legislature that the people were only asking for their rights—less they dare not ask—more they did not want —( cheers . ; Let them , then , register their adherence to the Charter , the whole Charter , and nothing but the Charter , by giving nine cheers , as a proof that they would stick to it though death should be their reward . ( Mr . O'Connor concluded a long and eloquent ( ddrees , of which , in consequence of tbe great rapidity of his utterance , the above can only be eonsddfcred an outline , amidst enthusiastic and prolonged cheering . )
The whole audience then rose , and in conformity with the call made upon them , gave nine hearty cheers for the Charters . Mr . O'CoNJi or again rose , and said that Mr . Jonea was wishful to set himself right , with regard to that passage in his speech , on which he ( Mr . O'C . ) had offered an observation . Ht . Joxes said that with the greatest good feeling , he rose to correct an error into which Mr . O'Connor had fallen . That gentleman had told tbe meeting that he ( Mr . Jones ) was ready to agitate for the Charter , either under that nameorsomeother . Now , hebelievedit wonld be sufficiently in the recollection of the meeting , that what he said was this , that a man who professed to
sympathize with the people , and yet would not advocate tbe principles embodied in the Charter , or some other l ike them , was no friend of the working classes , bnt a mere hollow-hearted pretender —( bear , bear , and exclamations of " that's correct ") . So far from wishing to shrink frem the principles of the Charter , be begged to inform the meeting that he was to be proposed at Liverpool , as a candidate to represent the people of that town , at the Birmingham Conference , and he was pledged to stand by the Charter—( bear , hear ) . He merely offered this explanation for the purpose of preventing any misunderstanding , aad also in defeaee of his own political character which was quite a « sacred to him , as that of Mr . O'Connor could be to tbat
gentleman—( bear , bear . ) Glee— " The Red Cross Knight . " The CHiiBMAX next gave" The Working classes , and protection to labour . " The toast was enthusiastically applauded . Mi . J . Leach , of Manchester , rose amidst loud cheers to respond to tha sentiment . He saW , that the very eloquent reasoning which they bad heard , and the very forcible manner in which that reasoning had been impressed npen their minds , afforded a very strong and sufficient apology for him not to trespass long upon their attention . Of all the questions tbat could be brought before the people , that of labour was the most important , as far as the working clwses were concerned . ( Hear , hear , and cheering . ) " The
labouring classes , and protection to their Industry . " How was that to be accomplished ? The Anti Cam Liw league said tbat the only thing to give protection to labour , was to give free trade—( laughter . ) Bat what sort of free trade did they mean i They might talk of free trade with the slaves of one country and tbe slaves of another , but they never talked of free trade with the working classes—( Hear , hear . ) A few evenings ago he was discussing tke question with one of tbe lecturers of the Anti-Cein iiw Leacua , at tf odmorden , and he introduced » fact then which he would introduce now . He said that three years ago , a certain party employed eighteen bleachers of cloth to whom he paid thirty shillings a-week . Tbe ingenuity of one of these men invented a machine , in consequence of
which he was now only employing four men out of the eighteen . "Ob , "' said the lecturer of the league— " Establish free trade , and you will find such an impetus to your trade , that the other fourteen men will be employed . " Yes , but a little awkward" fact introduced itself , namely , that tbe trade of the party referred to , had increased ontihird during the last three years . —( Hear , hear . )—He was now doing more with four men and a machine , than l « e had aone "before with eighteen men , and tbe four menie now employed were getting—not thirty shillings a week , but fifteen shiVinfft—iLoud cries of "Hear , bear . " )— " O , " tbt
said the anti-bead tax lecturer , "it is tbat infamous , a most diabolical law which restricts the trade of England , and causes the working classes to be starving in tbe midst of the wealth which their own laboar creates . How is it likely that they can get clothing , while your warebouses are crammed with goods ? ' Why , tote was the very reason that the working classes should just have as much as they required—( hear , hear ) . The bread tax , perhaps , amounted to sixpence per head in the consumption of food , and he pat it to the anti-Corn Law lecturer , whether the 15 s . tax , consequent upon the invention of a machine , by employing four man at 15 s . a-week , instead of 18 before , at 30 a , was
not more than the sixpenny tax?—( hear , hear , and cheers . ) Then , it was said "destroy machinery . " No . They did not seek that There was a very great difference between the use and tbe abuse or a thmg . The Chartists did not seek the destruction of machinery , but they wanted to g ive the people power to make machinery subservient to their happ iness—( Lond cries of " hear , hear . ' ) Never could this be accomplished until the people had the power to make the laws which so materially affected their lives and the wealth which they created—( Hear , hear ) . Poel had admitted in tfce House of Comm « ns that the people had a perfect right to the suffrage , but that the right was only an abstract one —( " » b , oh ! ') He ( Mr . Leach ) did not know the difference between that
the two . He held that right was right , and wrong was wrong—( Hear , hear . ) Why would not Peel givt the franchise to the labouring classes ? Because they were not sufflcientry intelligent to make good use or it—( hisses . ) He was aware that ths working classes had not the intelligence that Peel had , bat he did . contend that they had a great deal which Peel had not— ( hear , hear , and laughter ) . They had not such an education as Peel had got They might not know how to eo through tbe etiquette of the higher order of society , or bow many bows and scrapes to make to a duke or a- marquis . But they knew bow to manufacture a gwd hat , and Peel did not—( cheers and laughter . ) He was too ignorant The working classes could make shoes , but Peel conld not—( hear , hear . ) They could weave
cloth and make it into coats . Peel could not do so . Why ? Because he was too ignorant—( hear , hear , and laughter . ) Why , the very carpet npon which Ptel Btrotted , in all his self-fancied conceit , was mace by the working classes , who had far more sense than he had , oi ever would nave— ( bear , and cheers . ) The bed npon which be laid wa « made by men of far more intelligence than he possessed . ( Hear , tear ) So much , for Peel * judgment of tbe people ' s fitness for the electoral franchise . What would have been their condition , if they had been aa ignorant as he was ? They could make shoes for him , and provide had
him with clothes , and weave his carpets , and they intelligence enough to make him a coach to ride in , and yet he said they were too ignorant to be entrusted with thefranS ( Hear , hear , and hisses ., What would be Peels position in tbe world , if the pec p ie possessed no more intelligence tban he did J Wafy , he would be standing stark-naked in tbe world , r men ument of aristocratic ignorance and impndence , ( Qitat laughter . ) Then , again , it was said that proper ry would be endangered , if Hie working classes -wet ' j entrusted with tee franchise . " What was property ? it teemed tbat mere wood and stone was to be coj- jidered of greater value
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than the living man who elaborated it into shape , and gave it the only value it poasesaed-ZHear , hear . ) The material waa made more valuable by law than by the hand that worked it—the plough more valuable than tbe hand that guided it through the « oil- ( Hear , hear . ) This ought not to be . but it was so . There waa ne property , without the aid of the working classes , although the name had been given to it . How many factories wera there standing in Leeds that night ? Were they property t There was not a farthing ' s worth of property about them . They were property about half-past seven that night , and they would be property again in the morning , because working men would walk into them , and then they became property , because those working men converted that which wonld otherwise be t \* B » k . V . * _ *» * •_ -. __ .
useless and unprofitable , into that which was valuable and nsefuL —( Hear , hear . ) Then the question cameshould that stuff to which the name of property had been given , but which waa of no use without tbe industry of the labouring classes , be considered ot more value than tbos 9 who produced it ?—( "No , no . " )—Tbat was a question ts > be decided between the people and the people ' s oppressors . How soon it would be decided , he did not exactly know ; but , judging from the growing intelligence of the country , and the position of the middle classes , it could not be far distant —( bear , hear . ) Mr . O'Connor had told them that Peel had set up for a Cbattiat manufacturer , and that he was doing so by the screw he had lately put upon the middle classes —( hear , hear ) . The working classes had been accustomed to say
it was of very little consequeuce wh At burthens were put upon them , tbe middle classes , because they had so happy a knack ef thrusting them off their own shoulders . Bnt the state of things was altered now . The middle classes must either bear tbeir own burthens themselves , or cast them away , which they pleased —( hear , hear ) . The labouring classes would not be made tbeir tools aoy longer—( cheers ) . They assisted them in the Btruggle fur tbe Reform Bill , and some of them got hanged far their pains —( hear , hear ) . Now , the middle classes were shooting again for assistance . " D > . '' said they , good fellows , help us out of our difficulties . It is true we deceived yon once , but we shan't do it again . "—( laughter . ) What was the answer of the
working classes ? They said , " No ; we won't help yon out , and we will not let you get out either . If yen wish for a honest union with the working clams , we will walk out of our difficulties together , but if you ars not prepared lo go with us , we shall cling to your coat laps , and hold you where you are . "—( Hear , hear , and laughter . ) They had heard much of class legislation , and that it was which had robbed the houses of the working . classes of every comfort which they once possessed . They had not the power of defending themselves against it . Why , in Manchester there were 3 . 000 of what were called " moveable tenants . " They shifted about from one place to another , every six or eight weeks . The landlord finding tbat be could get no rent told the tenant to
take his bits of things away , because they were not worth taking himself ; but the tenant said , "No , I find I can live here as well as any where else , and I will stop here now . "—( Hear , hear . )—This was the mode which the people were compelled to adopt to bring property to its own level , and they ought to do it . It w ^ a neither fair , honourable , or jost that property should be considered of more importance than the men who created it . — ( Hear , hear)—Show him any particular enactment in tbe law of England which gave protection to the honest portion of the industrious classes . There we ' re laws in abundance to give full scope to avarice and injustice , but not one solitary law to protect the industrious classes against that avarice and injustice . —( Hear , bear . )—It
had been said that if they repealed the Corn Laws , they would destroy the foreign trade . Why , were the labouring classss so silly as to suppose tbat Russia , Prussia , Ameriea , Germany , and many other places , with their millions of inhabitahts , would pull down their factories , and turn to the plough tail , simply to become manufacturers for the English , and to allow the English cotton lords to become monopolists of the whole of Europe ?—( shouts of " No , no . " ) Ho thought not No law could destroy the foreign trade . They must have prosperity at home , and that could never be accomplished until the present system was cut up root and branch—( loud cheers ) . He remembered tbat Spring Rice had quoted , as an argument in favour of foreign trade , that Ireland- was more prosperous in 1834 than
in 1624 . He brought documents to prove tbat the trade in Ireland had increased £ 34 . 000 . 000 within the two periods . But what did he prove in reality ? Why , that the trade had increased from £ 3 , 000 , 000 t * £ 12 , 000 000 , or , in other words , that the people had been robbed of £ 4 . 000 . 000 , because although more bullecks , more sheep , more pigs , more eggs , and more poultry , might have left Ireland in 1834 than in 1824 , yet this was far from proving increasing prosperity of the country—( hear , h « &T . ) It simply proved this fact that the people of Ireland were too poor to consume what they produced , and , therefore ,
a market must be found for that produce elsewhere—( hear , bear . ) And why were the people so poor , and more especially in England , that they could not cloth © and feed themselves ? Because machinery had superseded manual labonr—( hear , hear . ) The man to whom he had alluded in the « arly part of his observations , according to the increased trade be had got , ought now to be employing twenty-six men at thirty shillings a-week , instead of four at fifteen —( hear . ) Tbe ehartlats were aharged with being wishful to destroy machinery—(• ' Ho . ") Why , he remembered a Chartist once saying that he should be very much obliged to any man if he would invent a machine to tako him in bed
—( laughter ) , —but that there should be this condition attached to it , tbat the bed should not be taken from him as well —( hear , hear ) . The working classes thought that if machinery took away their labour , it had no right to take the clothes from their backs and tbe food from their bellies —( he . \ r , bear , and cheers . ) The present system could not continue . He believed England was destined to be the most wretched , the most degraded , and the most contemptible of any nation in the world , if that monstrous system of class legislation under which they were now suffering , waa not entirely abolished—iHtar ,
hear . ) Foreign powers were getting stronger , and they knew how to defend themselves . America was a powerful nation , and destined to become greater than any ether . It was for tbe people of England , then , to look to themselves , and to arrest , if the other classes would not , the ruin with which tbe country was threatened . He most heartily responded to tbe toast of the " WorRing classes and protection for their labour , " and be hoped the time waa not far distant when the enactment of the Charter would giv « to both their due and proper reward , —( Mr . Leach concluded amidst much cheering . )
At this stage of the proceedings , Mr . Dancombe and Mr . O'Connor left the room . Their departure was greeted by loud cheering .
Glee— " Oft let me wander . " The Chairman gave as the next toast" The speedy release of Frost , Williams , and Jones , and all political prisoners . " Drunk with much enthusiasm . Mr . T . Fbaziek responded to tbe toast . He said lie believed tbat there were -very few persona in tbat assembly who would net join with him in the expression of opinion , that soon might Frost , Williams , Jones , and Ellis , be brought back to thdr native land—( hear . ) Bat how were they to be brought back ? They could not expeet tbe parties who had sent them far away would bring them back again . ( Hear , bear . ) Tbe Chartists of England must depend upon themselves for the consummation of this object , and tbvse who admired
these exiled patriots , and sympathised with them in their distress , must struggle to obtain freedom themselves , and then they could bring them back again . ( Cheers . ) They must not allow these men to live out their days in a foreign country . They must have them home again . ( Hear , hear , and cheers- ) They had not been guilty , as had been falsely charged against them , of the mighty , heinous crime of endeavouring to bring about a bloody revolution among the people , and to establish their freedom by bloodshed —( hear , hear ) . They did not wish to have liberty purchased at such a cost—they wished to achieve it bloodlessly . They wanted a peaceful stuggle , such as they were engaged in at tbe present moment . Their weapons were truth and justice—those of their opponents
were unjust witnesses and nnjust judges—( hear , hear , and cheers )! These judges and these juries might have been paid by gold , or they might have been acted upon by interest , but the esteem in which the Chartists held such men as Frost , Williams , Jones , and Ellis , could never bo sold , and he trusted that it would never decrease in them—( shouts of " no , no . "/ They must bring them home again , and although tbeir tyrants had these weapons to afflict them with , although they might try to role them with a rod of iron , and although they might try to put them down by the terror of [ dungeons and transportation , there was something within their breasts which would animate them to persist in the glorious struggle which they had begun—( cheers ) . They had
much to encourage them . They were gathering friends from the middle classes of society—( bear hear ) One or two they had had among them tbat evening , and the principles of Chartism were likewise spreading among their own order—( hear , bear . ) It had often been said that " for a nation to be free , it is sufficient that she wills it . " Lst them get the nation to say so . Let them get the nation to join in tbe demand for tbe Charter , and tben it would become the law of the land . He waa aware that the means at their disposal for « preading their principles were contracted . But still let there be none faint hearted . Let those who had worked before determine to be more active than even . If they wished to be free , they must effect it by a mighty
struggle—( hew ) . He called upon them not to concede a single inch of the ground they had taken up . Let them go on straightforward , and be determined by peaceable and moral means toobtain their rights . He believed they could achieve them if they liked—( hear . ) Had they not tbe disposition?—( Yea ) He knew they bad . But many of them ware not up to the mark . They were not Chartists in soul and body . He called upon tbern to be so , to exert their whole energies for their attainment ef the Charter ; and a nnited people , -with a righteous demand in their bands , could not long be resisted by any Government to -whichever of the two factions tbe party in power might happen to belong . ( Mr . Frtz ? r concluded Bmid&tconsiderable cheering . ) Q- ee _«¦ T v Bouse of Commons in an upioar . "
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toas ^ bat one , and thenat sentiment be « hould offer Hnn ? w !! i ^ l me ! nor y a * uir , PaImer , Cirtwright , 3 % rKS ! f W ' Baun « t .-: s « d .- « u tbe illustrious dead the £ t n and ewry elime , who hava fought In the glorious cause of freedom . " ward ' ^ i ^ V ^ BAlR 8 T 0 W « of Leicester , came for-SnK . ehee " ' to -Peak to theaentiment . He wS ^ r ^ Uit ^ re warrantable , praise-Sord ' ttf Iandablaia the aristocrccy to place on throSh hn name " of th 089 who ' ¦¦**¦ Celled blood fn bUm » M . i ° ' ^ ° * » ° ¦*»»»» eSS J , e 8 t tabl « h an oligarchy , to rivet the by auotwT ^ a nation > fl limb 8 ' or but to fasten bead ? f » f e ' the crown ' ¦¦ ** Inmate monarch ' s ariato ^ L ; w " e hobble and praiseworthy in the dav on ^ h . * K ^ nte the birth M well as the SfJ onwhich the last of these men was committed to bl « ff V * " nofc ewally Praiseworthy and justlfla-Bron ? nn ! f »^ cracy of thiB « ° « ntry . in placing the iTiT iUu 8 trioua a ** " * W « " bad been read from S ?««? I . W ' ° 1 «? ° Kl . and perpetuating their deeds of vaiour , ef heroism , of patriotism , and of phUanrSL < % ' ** . tl * let of the miDd - ¦«¦ ¦ ¦ *« " a » « v «« t ! . th . em «» t ^ bcarts and affections of irwLSfe flnd " viDg Cha « -t £ st ? - («» ear , and eheera . ) ? MTl * *^ Page of divine inBpiration- « He being luuiiiiiiviUUT is
J . _ J * - w- *»¦ - ... w - JLXO l / IZtUiC dead , yet ^ peaketh : exampl e more powerful than Zt- £ . a . there was one cause mo * e than another in Z « Ji t *? Uid te Justifiable to bring the names and memories of the dead to recollection , and to awaken up reminiscences of the past , it could not be employed in a more holy and sacred cause thin that in which they were then embatked . - ( Hear , hcar . j-Proud as might be the woptiles which the aristocracy had won on blood-stained battle fields , wealthy as the aristocracy had become , in pillaging every foreign nation of its spoil and gorging themselves with its prey—proud as might be their heraldic titles , and splendid as might be the emblazonment of their ancestry , and the houses with which thoy i » lgathe
connected , there was not among the whole of them , no , not in the whole page of history , that could be conaidercd equal with those mentioned in the sentiment proposed by the I chairman—one whose virtues would bear moment ' s comparison with theirs , or one whose h » nour would live when these were green and verdurous as at the present hour—( hear , hear ) . Muir , the enterprising , the young , the vigorous , and the ardent , lit up the filming torch of liberty in Scotland , to illumine the despotism and the gloom wirb . which Dundas and Pitt had overclouded the country—Muir , the noble and independent , was sefzid , thrown into a dungeon ,: and sentenced to fourteen years' transportation in a foreign land , wharake ended bU days . ( Suamel ) Palmar , a dissenting clergyman , was an individual who shared the
sam » fate . He was arrested at the same time , tried with as little ceremony , and sentenced with as little feeling . He fell a victim to the cruel and vindictive persecution of the Tory Government of that day . The next name on the list was thu venerable patriot—Cartwright —( cheers , )—and the next was the indomitable , bold , and lbn-bearted Henry Hunt ( Hear , hear , and loud cheering . ) Henry Hunt was the bold , disinterested , and uncompromising advocate of those same great principles , which they wera asserting at the present hour , and on the platform at Peterloo , when the ruffianly bands of the cavalry were dealing death and bloodshed aroand them , be displayed the same courage that day which marked his character up to the bout of his death —( hear , hear , and cheers . ) Men
changed , but he remained true , fcitfeful , and firm to the People ' s Charter —( hear , bear . ) When would they see his like again ? The next two names on the Hat were Fitzgerald and Eraraett , two unfortunate Irishmen . The first lost his life in an affray , and the other had become immortalized by the memorable and eloquent speech which he made , when Norbury , the coldblooded miscreant who sat on his trial , asked him with bitter mockery , arid with sarcastic irony , why sentence of death should not be pronounced against him . Those who bad read the life of Emmett , and who had read the circumstances connected with it and with hia defence , would know how to admire the glowing , the ardent , the warm , and unconquerable energy of that spirit which could never
be quenched but In the gloom of the grave —( hear , bear ) . No verbal inscription marked the monument which covered bis mortal remains , but there was an inscription engraven in the heart of every true democrat in Great Britain and Ireland , —an immortal inscription that would remain there , after all the pride and pomp of insignia , and all the proud titles , and all the fulsome adulation and lies written for the aristocracy , had been forgotten —( cheers ) . What a contrast there was between these and the actions ot moat other men . Englishmen had figured . little on the page of history , except in aiding the aristocracy in their unjust aggressions . Let them strive to make theirs a nobler destiny . Lat them Strive to act a higher character , to perform a a nobler part . What , man become the slave of his
brother ! When men were found to prostrate themselves at the foot of a despot , the nation sunk not only in its political position , but in the self-esteem and Beir-respect of other nations . It was the most deplorable index to the declining liberties of the people , and the final ruiu and downfall of empires . When the working classes lost their selfrespect , and gave up the gTeatnesa of their own nature , to proatrate themselves before tinsel , coronets , and the pageantry which surrounded the aristocracy ; when they gave up . mind to matter , —it was then tbat the despet triumphed , —It was then thai tyranny rioted and revelled in undisputed dominion , —it waa then that the working classes sank irrecoverably to rise no more—( loud cheers ) . Let them take a lesson from the
noble heroe 3 who were exhibited before them in tbe list which had been read . Their names were immortal They stood connected with the establishment » f a great principle—a principle implanted In the heart of every human being that was created , which was breathed into them with the breath of life—the desire to be tree—tree as the winds of heaven , free as the bretza of spring , free as all naturo was . ( Cheers . ) Let them no longer voluntarily prostrate themselves before tbe ariscocracjr . ( Hear , bear . ) let them no longer sacrifice the dignity of their nature , by being the mere slaves and aerfs of aristocrats , of millionaires , of kings , and emperors , and sultana , and czars , who , after all , were nothing more than men : ( Hear , bear . ) Time was , when the great bulb of the community were
dazzled by tbe trappings and external insignia of such men . They thought there was . something substantial beneath , but now they had found that it was mere skin—tbe mere surface , and tbat when stripped of these gaudy trappings , there was esconced under them a mana poor creeping , crawling worm of the earth . before whom they were to bow down and worship . ( Cheers . ) And men had worshipped them ! And why ! Because they thought there was some thing tangible In high soundiDg names , till at length they discovered them to be mere air bladders puffed up for the purpose of creating astonishment , and to attract tho vacant stare of the ignorant and the foolish . —( Loud cheers )—Wby , men had bowed down before a lord . Why ? Simply because he was called a lord . — - ( Hear , hear . )—If he had
been a working man the multitude would rather have blown their noses upon htm . —( Laughter and eheers . 1—If a lord came Into Leeds , or If her " Most Gracious Majesty , the Queen , " —Queen simply by accicdent , bscause she was born in a palace , and because a certain man happened to be her father , and a certain woman her mother—was to pass through this town , he should not be surprised if working men would be found to lay aside their own nature , in order to fill the place of horsea , and to shout as if their back bones would strike fire against their ribs —( Much laughter ) Yes . The working . classes had been their own oppressors—their own , destroyers-By their suppleness , by tbeir . ervilenesa , by their littleness in their own esteem , by their voluntarily imposed
humility , they bad become that cringing , crawling reptile , that had prostrated itself in the dust , that had been content with every name ami epithet , and every kind of drudgery , —this thlDg which had been laden like a beast , kicked like a spaniel , lashed litre a horse , had never dared to exhibit its teeth or to bite —( loud cheers . ) If it did either one thing or the other , It was immediately arreted and thrown into a dungeon —( hear , hear . ) Was not this a specimen of the ruanDer in which society was composed ?—( hear , hear . ) What did he ask them to do ? Ho asked them to exhibit the virtues that these : illustrious dead bad exhibited—their firmness and attachment to principle , —their devotion to liberty , — their heroic spirit of self-denial : and
martyrdom , — that Bpitlt which taught a man to discard all other considerations in his desire to enlarge tbe sphere of happiness of the whole human race —( Cheers . )—The working classes bad not worked out their own destiny as they ought to have done . They must now work out their own salvation . They had the power to obtain the Charter , if they directed their energies in the proper obannel . Public opinion had taken a turn which it would be impossible to divert . Lord Abinger might spread his Scarlett influence over a jury box—juries might be brought , steaming with prejudice , into the box , —judgea of the most corrupt and venal description , might be selected to Bit upon the trials—dungeons might open their doors , and close upon their victims—a prostituted and mercenary press might aid in the persecutionevery Bpecies of tyranny , civil and ecclesiastical , might come to the aid of the people ' s oppressors , but in the end the people would be free—( Mueh cheering . ) Now ,
tben , was the time for tbeir political redemption . They ought to bavo been free long ago . Why were they still in bondage ? It was in consequence of their cowardice , their pusallanimity , their way wnrdness , and their b&lf-heaitedness , tbat they wero yet so far from their object —( Hear , bear . ) Let the people but exhibit a portion of the spirit aud devotion to tke cause of liberty which Muir and bis illustrious co-patriots had done , and the Chatter was tbeir own —( cheers ) . The cause waa in their hands . They were now Bailing in the national democratic frigate , on a tempeatuous ocean it might be , but with truth as ihelt rudder , justice as their pilot , honesty in their commander , and spirit and determination In the crew , he believed they would , ere long navigate her safe through all the rocks and breakers by which she waa BUrrounded , safe into the port of national prosperity and into the harbour ef national happiness , because of individual content . ( Mr . Buirstow resumed his seat amidst great cheering . )
The Chairman then gave the last toast—V The Ladies '" —( great cheering ]—and called upon Mr . WM . JONES , Vsiio responded in appropriate tetniBj UTgiBg upon those ladles present to use their
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influence with thevr husbands , sweethearts , and brothers , to join In tke demand for the Charter , as the only means qf making their homes happy , and their families prosperous . . v Toe interesting proceedings then terminated at about one o ' clock , and the numerous party retired , highly delighted with thtr treat they had enjoyed .
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A LECTFBE DELIVER ED IN MABYLEBONE IN 1841—ST 1 M , APPROPRIATE , PERHAPS . «« While they promise them liberty , they themselves are the servants of corruption . " —2 nd Peter , 3 rd chap ., lSthyerseY ¦ ..- ,: ¦ ' ¦ ¦ .. - ¦;"¦ ' . __ ¦ ¦¦ ; ' ; ¦ ' . ¦ Chartist Brethren—I intend to nfg&fc , by God ' s help and with your favour , to descant upon the corruptions and abuses that have crept into the Chartist cause itself—that tarnish its glory , that impair its strength , and , unless now checked , unless now swept out , will speedily destroy , or , what is worse , convert the cause iuto a curse , instead of a blessing—aye , make it a worse thing than the accursed system which it is meant to remove , or to remedy . The peculiar position in which I have been placed has enabled me most particularly to see . to know , and to feel the evils which threaten , which actually afflict our cause . I will give you the benefit of my experience . I would not wish you to pass through ihe same yourselves . .
Having flung myself out of the iniquitous system into our righteous cause to sink or swim with it , having as a Chartist , identified myself with Gbartism , to be whatever it makes me—to go wherever it directs me—to suffer whatever it appoints me , I way say of myself and brethren in the words of St . Paul— " Even to this present hour we both hunger and thirst , and are naked , aud are buffeted , and have no certain dwelling-place . " One of those who left all to follow Chartism—a luxurious home for ft bare prison—the rank and station of a gentleman to become a bookseller—a houso and- sbop for a mexelodglng . Chartism shut tbe home and the hearts of ray parents and brethren agalustms— -it made me an exile , an outcast , a fugitive , and yet , thank God , I can bless Chartism , and say of it , as Goldsmith said of poetry , ¦ ;¦ '¦ " - - : . r ' : : '' : ¦' ¦ , '' " : '¦' ¦ '¦ " . ' - - -.
-" Sweet source of all my joy and all my woe , '¦¦'¦ v That made me poor at first , and beeps iae BO . " Having struggled so long , so hard—having suffered so much in the cause—sacrificed so much for it—think ye not that I love it—that I doafc on U with all the fondness of a mother for her babe which is rendered deawr to her by her very travail for it 7 Can I then view without jealous alarm any attempt to injure or to deface the cause ? One who has given up ease , health , happiness—a prosperous position and still more proaporous prospects—is it for sueh an one to sit supine , to sit silent , to sit and see evil befal , or only likely to befal this cause—should he not ran to the rescue—Bound the alarm and interpose himself to intercept the blow ?—yea , having served the cause in life—having sacrificed to it all that makes life valuable—let me sacrifice life itself at last and serve the cause even in deaths , . - . " ¦ - : ¦ " : ¦ '" - . ¦ ' ¦ ''' ¦ , ' : \ ' ¦ ¦
But the evils that are now resulting to our cause are from evil-doers : in the cause itself—not from avowed enemies , but from professing friends—not from Whigs or Tories , but from Chartists themselves—and , therefore , as some sensitive ones say , we should be tender to them !—we should not touch them I ! Should we not ? Ah , my friends , this cant is itself an evil—it has already done us much mischief—we have been humbugged by It If they are Chartists that are now injuiring Chartism—injuring it more than Corn Law Repealers , Socialists , New Movers , or Teetotallers could do—or would do—if our enemies be of our own
household—in our own camp—then is the evil more to be deplored—it is more to be dreaded—then doth it behove the true friends of the cause to be all tbe more loud in warning , in rebuke , in remonstrance , yea , and , if necessary , In denunciation also . I know thai this is a disagreeable task , a painful duty—I would it were not necessary to ba done— -I would some one else would undertake it—I bad rather suffer anything short of seeing the causo suffit than do it myself—yet , lest the cause should suffer by the neglect of this most pressing and indispenaible duty , I will do it and I care not what motives are attributed to me—what imputations ara cast on me—I have an answer here for all—a still
and quiet conscience I Stntinels are now more needed than soldiers : for unless the army be saved from the foe without and the false friends within , we shall neither keep in a condition to attack the enemy nor to defend ourselves . He therefore is your best friend who forewarns you , for be thereby forearms you , and the more praise is due to him the more unwelcome his warning may be . Do not , therefore , as Borne of our Chartists did on a former occasion , fall foul on ma for doing my duty j but fall on those who render that duty necessary .
We have now , my friends , a party among us more dangerous , more deadly than even the New Move party . That patty went out from us , and hoisted the standard of revolt ; but the party I speak of remain with us : they hoist our colours : and by perfidy , by peculation , by prevarication they seek to deatioy or to disgrace the movement They unscrew , unpeg the chord of Chartism , and make it play : false—jar discordantly . Canker worms are they who , when the " tree of freedom ' s wlther'd trunk puts forth a leaf , " CTeep into it—bite it —blight it , and feed in tho corruptions which they cause . These pests of Chartism resemble a party that pestered Christianity , whom the Apostle Paul c&ai-acterizasas'" lovers of themselves , covetous , boasters , false accusers , desplsers of the good . " Now , our noble
cause requires noble-minded , sound-hearted men—men like those who sat in the American Congress—such as Washington , Franklin , Adams ,, Jefferson , —not weak , Bplteful , selfish creatures , who fume withaelf-importajice , fret with mad impatience , and fritter away the public time and money—who have no charity , no candour , and are only fit to cast discredit on a cause that owns them not—that knows them not , for they have not a Christian or " a Chutist garment Away with these , they are worse than traitors : traitors are tangible ; you may ' get hold of them ; but the Insignificant vermin of whom I speak are like those insects that buz and sting , but are so small that they escape the grasp , and can annoy—can envenom with impunity . I could name every one of them—I know them well . They are
the Jews , the Jerry Sneaka , the Jeremy Oiddlers of Chartism , I could name them one by one ; bnt tbat -would b « personal J and it is better that they should be Buffdred to proceed In tbeir vile courses ; it is better that we shouldi be provoked by . them , be plagued by them—that they should drive out the good that are in , and keep out the good that would come in ; it is better that they should corrupt the cause itself , make it contemptible , render It ridiculous , than that we should be personal I I ! than that we should point them ; out with the finger of scorn , and put them out with the strong arm of Indignation ! Yet they are but puppets , a kind of Punch and Judy Chartists , who play their parts greatly for the benefit of their incog , mastere and a little for their own , —tools , dupes . Bat we want no child's play : we want the Charter .
My friends , there are many things Jthat impede the progress of liberty ; but , because there are many , and because they are very difficult to withstand , there should be all the more , care taken that we choose proper advocates , whose conduct will not be such as to increase rather than remove the difficulties in our way . In the first place , boys should nut be sent to do the business of men—of mankind . Let tbe forward be kept backward . The vain and impertinent are more ready than the wise— " . '¦ . .
11 Fools rash in where angels fear to tread 1 " We have many Chartists who do not know what Chartism Is , what it means , whose practices are mere perversions of our principles . They cannot comprehend a great cause—they cannot abstract themselves from self —they bring their own private , petty personal feelings before the public , and , instead of uniting to forward the cause , they thwart each other by factions opposition and jealous jars—jobbers . An honest man is a spectre to them ; at the sight of him they immediately leave off
their contentions with each other , and combine to oppose him—conspire to ruin him . Cabals and intrigues will be formed against him , and ten to one buk he will be driven away in disgust or despair . Tea , let an honest Chartist come from the country—come from Lancashire , or Staffordshire , or Yorkshire , for these are the counties where Chartism flourishes most—let him come to Cockneyshire , to Cockaigne—come as a missionary , come as a man , come in real earnest for the cause , sincere , and what will be his fate ? He will become a beacon , a buoy . -
When I commenced my Chartist Campaign in London , I chose for my motto the following stanza from Byron : — . . ; ¦ ' .. ¦' ; . ¦ ¦; ' . ¦ . ¦ . ' . ¦ .: ¦ ¦' : ¦• " ¦ ' ' •¦ ' " And from the planks far shatter'd o ' er the rocka Build me a little bark of hope , once more To battle with the ocean and the shocks Of the loud breakers , and the oeaseleas roar Which rushes on the solitary shore , Where all lies founder'd that was ever dear . But could I gather from the wave-worn store Enough for my rude bark , where should I st «« r ? There woos no home , no hope , no life , save what is . : here . . '¦' ::. > : ¦' ' - . - . ' ' ' ' ¦ ' ¦ ' . -
Yes , I left myself no reserve , no retreat . My maxim was , Do all , dare alL Like Prince Charles Edward , when I drew the sword I throv 7 away the scabbard . I lent my name , my time , my means to the cause . I was willing to act as the auxiliary , the ally , the very servant of the great men who had preceded me—who were placed abeve me , and I wished but for a position that would enable me to take an active , an effective part in the movement . I took one up . I tried it as an experiment . It failed . Who was to blame r Surely not myself , for I did what one man could do , fighting the battles of others , rather than my own , night and day , at home and abroad—not the people , who always act justly when not prejudiced or misled— -not the selfish , undermining , circumventing crew , who , by baits and bribes and tricks of every description , rule all and ruin all * ¦ - ' . . '¦•¦ ¦ ' ' " ¦' ' . ' . ¦ ' -. . . ;¦ ¦' . . . ' ... ' «« On fair ground I could beat forty of them . "
But I bad not fair ground—not a fair-field .- When , like Hotspur , I was dry with rage and extreme toil , " Breathless and faint , leaning upon my sword "when , like Hector , I was seated for rest , sp ? nt , nnarmed , then , at that chosen moment , the dastard curs ,
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the heartless hinds , like Achilles' myrmidons , surrounded me , beset me on every hand , and overpowered me with numbers . I east many a northward look—I fonght hard—I fought to the last—I fell fighting ; and even now ( 18411 that I am down—that I «» in their hands—that I am under their feet , I pierce them-, I stab them as Charles XII did the Turks at Bender ; I shall beat them yet ! ' - . '¦ " ' ( To be concluded in our next . J
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"ENGLAND EXPECTS EVERY MAN TO DO y ' .- ¦; ' ¦ •' ¦¦ ¦ : , HiSDUTYr ;¦ : . ; ' These words are memorable on two accounts;—1 st—Because they were uttered by the greatest naval , hero which England or perhaps the world ever aaw—uttered by him just before . going into battle—his last battle with the French which was fought at Trafalgar where he fell victorious : —but , secondly , they are memorable on their own account—on account of the important truth which they contain . Nelson used these words in a mistaken sense—the duty he was th 6 n about to engage in was not the duty which England expects of every man or of any man—be falsely thought that he W& 3 to fight for his king and country , but it was for hia king alone- ^ -hia country disclaims such duty—it rather re-Quires tho reverse j but if Nelson and hia brave tars .
though actuated by a false idea , fought so courageously in a bad cause bow ought we strive for our good cause I the victory they gained could not be glorious ; it lacked the essential characteristic of glory , a good cause t—* the greater it was . the more it was to be deplored ; for they were only rivetting their country ' s chains the closeronly fastening tbe yoke mote tig&Uy upon their hecks , and making tbeir burdens th % heavier . But if they could strive so stoutly for tbeir oppressors , ought not we to strive more energetieally for onrseVtes ? thtir couQict was one of blood and horror , but our »» »» boai « ««» righteous cause , u one of peace , law , and order . Now ,
ai s * ch mistakes have arisen—as men are so apt to fall Into a mistaken sense of duty—it is very requisite that we shouldknow what our duty really is , and , knowing it , that we should do it and do no other . We have indeed many duties to perform—there Is our duty to God and our country—our duties as men , as husbands , as parents , aa children , aB mastew , as eervan ( s , ana so on ; bnt all these may be said to merge into one grand duty which comprises all , namely , our duty . to onrselves , for w « never perform our duty so truly to ourselves as when we perform it to others—this is the way to obtain peace here and happiness hereafter . This isdoing eur duty ! ; ..
But there ore particular cases of duty which particular circumstancesrequire . The duty wWch England at present expects every man to do , and which I mean to make the prominent topic of this discourse , is to rescue her from that perdition which the tyranny of the aristocracy , and the avarice of the middle-classes , is fast hastening her to—In a word the duty ifhich we have more particularly ito do is to redeem ourselves from slavery . This is our business at present England ez ~ peels ev $ ry Englishman to free hirnself and to save his eounlry . Thla ^ then , is our duty—the first to be done , for until we are free we cannot do our duty properly , either to God or man . We can do only the will of our iyrants , who task us , who torture ub , and starve us when we can no longer work for them , or force us to emigrate
when they have nothing further for us to do . But how are we to become free—how is this duty to be donethis object to be accomplished ? We must first associate to learn our rights ,-anti then unite to regain them . Englishmen ' once were free , and by the blessing of God they will again be free . They have been defrauded and disarmed , and now , feeling what they have lost , feeling it in their homes and their hearts—feeling it everywhere they seek the cause ; they have found it—it is bad government- ^ they want to apply the remedy—they know it—it is to reform the government : or rather to restore the ancient constitution of the country , which has been changed , has been lost , has been destroyed by those who were its appointed guardians and conservators . The people have been tbrust out of power , and they must
regain tbeir rights before they can stop oppression , or remove ¦ or remedy its evils . . How are they to regain them ? Wby by the Charter ! . But bow are they to get tbe Charter ? Aye , that ' s the question—therein lies our duty—the duty that England expects of us—of every man among us . Many plans have been proposed—¦ none have yet been fully acted up to , or carried out . One thing is needfuL Not physical force ; that would be a curse worse tban the disease , or rather , it wonld confirm the disease . Moral force U snfficienfc , and is the only safe and efficient remedy . We must make as many converts as we can . We have a weekly and daily press . I wish we bad a monthly too , for more means are wanted ; We must get up our localities better ; see to the expending of our own money , not . so much on great and general efforts , as on the extending and improving of our local spheres of action . We should
observe more closely the engines or instruments by which the system works and corrupts the minds of men or prevents them frorojainlsa «» ,. « nA w « should sot -np counteracting engines . ' Many men who might become useful members of our Association-are now members of some other association , some association tbat Is opposed to curs ' or misrepresents us . See . the Protestant Opera , tive Associations for upholding Church and State ; Tract Societies for upholding certain sects ; schools for inculcating the non-resisting and passive obedience doctrines of tyrants . How are we to bring Chartism to bear upon these citadels of corruption , these strongholds of JDiquity , but byp&vittg eehoolfl and chapels of our own , to keep ur o « out tWldren from those of th » enemy . We should thus fight the enemy on their own ground .- We should turn tbeir weapons against themselves . Perhaps we should proceed more slowly , but it would be more surely .
"England expects every man to do-hia-duty . " Mark—not one man or set of men , hut every man . One man or set of men , might do their duty—may do ithave dene it—buk it avails little unless others j . in . What would It signify If you or I did our duty , and the men of other places did not theirs ? How many men , instead of doing their duty , are doing nothing , or worse than nothing , running after : dissipation or folly ? We will not reproach them for this neglect of duty , but if they would consider how heavy it makes the duty for the few , and what suffering , what sin , is taking place in consequence of this duty not being dene—bow England is sinking ' , deeper and deeper , day after day , In degradation and ruin—if they would consider these things properly , would they not reproach themselves ? Would
not their consciences tell them that their neglect was criminal , cruel , ungrateful—their folly madness—their opposition diabolical . " England expects every man to do his duty . " He is not worthy the asme of man who knows his duty yet will not do it—at any rate he la not the man England expects him to be—he is not a trueborn Englishman . Nor is it every ma » only that England expects to do bis duty , but every woman likewise . England expects every woman to do her duty—and the more iDscrace women have , the more responsible are they for it ; women ars equally concerned with men in the welfare of England—for tbeir own welfare equally depends upon it ; and their children . ' what is to become of them if the world grow worse , as undoubtedly it will under the present system ? Who would wish to live
when a living cannot be had ? life under such circumstances , is a series of miseries—every day is a kind of doomsday . Women can do more than men In this great work ; for what we want to do is to persuade others to join us , and who can persuade so well as women T We all have beard of tiie great Westminster election , when Fox was tbe man of the people ; ladies of tbe . first rank went among tbe electors and got the promises of a vast number of votes—a great majority ensued . Who are better tract distributors , collectors , or teachers than women ? Women do most ot the essential services in the Wesleyan connexion . Women sneceed best in obtaining subscriptions—we can deny themnothing—they are irresistible 1 ( To be concluded in our nexl . J
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MARKET INTELLIGENCE . LONDON ; . SMITHFIEI , D , MONDAY , DEC . l th . — Considering that the great Chirstmas market was held here last week , we had a full averge number of beasts on offer this morning , and , taken asi & whole , tbe quality , not only of the Scots , homelands , Herefords , Devons , Darhams , and ahort-horns , the four latter forming the principal portions of the arrivals , but , also , ef that of the other kinds brought forward was unusually good indeed , we might venture to observe that we never saw better stock on sale at any previous corns * ponding period of the year . Notwithstanding the weather was somewhat unfavourable to slaughtering , the beef trade was tolerably steady , yet far from brisk , and in most transactions , last week ' s quotations were
supported . However , as a general figure , we cannot quote more than 4 s 61 for beef ^ though ft few veiysuperiot Scots , Herefords , and D-irhams sold at higher rates of currency , and a good clearance was effected by , the salesmen previously to the close of business . As to sheep-, these were rather scanty , but of good average quality—if , indeed , we except that portion of the supply suffering from the tffecU of the epidemic The demand for them was rather firm , at about the quotations obtained on this day sa ' nnignt , via , 3 s lOd to 43 for the best long-weolled and polled sheep ; and 4 a 44 to 48 6 d per 81 bs for the Dawns . The latter , by the waywas the extreme price . The Teal trade wai
, steady at fully , but at nothing quotable beyond , late rates . ' Prime small Porkers sold freely , but In other kinds of Pigs little was Acting- The importation * of live stock ftom abroad for our markets have been , as might be expected , on a very limited scale , the principal receipts being at Hull and Southampton . At the formet port , 30 oxen and cows have been reefcived from Hamburgh ; per the Transit and Manchester steamers ; at the latter , 68 beasts from Spain , mostly beneath the middle quality . It is now pretty well ascertained tbat the roreign arrivals , qwing to most of the principal JiveM being Woeked np with ice , will be very small during the next three months .
Borough and Spitalfields . —The arrival of potatoes in the Pool , since this day se'nnight , have been again extensive ; those from the Channel Islands alone having exceeded 600 tens , while fourteen bags have came to hand from Harlingen in bad condition . Our supplies being large and the weather extremely mild for the season , the demand rules heavy , at about lastweek ' t prices . Scotch rede , 45 i . to 50 s . ptr touY York ditto , 65-i . to 60 s . ; D 8 vons , 453 . to 509 . ; . 'EJint and Essex Whites , 40 a . to 45 *; wisbeacb , SI 63 , to * 5 i . s Jereey and Guernsey Blues , 35 s . to 408 ., ' Ycrislllre PrinCd Regents , 45 s . to 00 s .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 24, 1842, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct630/page/7/
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