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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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"" ¦ ' a SONS OP FREEDOM . . __ - nay ring of Ms lady ' s charms , ^ J ? the Bacchanal boast of his wine , irtier may teil o £ Mb deedB in arms , ^ SSbte tt « ne shaU * mifl 8 ' , J ? wL of the joys that freedom # vbb , 1 whaler its blessing ! are seen ; TSSe isiiot an honest heart feat lives , i £ J » ffl JBln in the song I ween . * & motto for ever , ana ever shall be , ^ jgss to the friends of the fair and She free . HaaoT may scoff , ana the tyrant may scorn , * iLa tie lordling may sneer at my lay , Ti ^ . i > nrdenshail cheer the oppress ed and forlorn , xn& thehopes of a happier day ; ,. Ln -a ^ tea the slave to a sense of Mb -wrongs , Sails soal shall delight in the Btrain ; ¦ t ~ q tdl tie poor bondsman -what to him belongs , vnoteach him t « butst from his chain . jlv motto for ever ana ever shall be , gaoeess to Hie friends of the fair and tbe free . i ril not debase GcxFs image on earth , Bt lauding the despot ' s deeds , . ^ lnot praise that as an action of -worth , Fa which common humanity bleeds ; -- - ^ n ^ jpjoice at foul rapine and "war , 2 ta esntt o I fir tte Wood that " Bpnt ; t Deter -willhonour the conqueror ' s car , Var clorifj that which iB guilt ^ Jly motto for ever and ever shall be , Saccess to the friends of the fail and the free ,
My kcz it ^ ^ praise promoter peace , Xt snail Ness the benevolent heart , U sbsfl ? r * y tins * prosperity soon may increase , And that strife from the world may depart ; nilsfl honour the man cf the generous mind , Wi 93 S bosom with sympathy- ? Io « b ; B jhjH era admire fl » Mends of mankind , 2 od d > p Jss & ® 1 contemptible foes . > jy motto for ever and ever shall be , Success to « h « friends of the fair and the free . vaaifceste * . Bexjajux Stoti
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jgAKCHESTER— Calico am > Stujt Block pjjsrtss . —A Pnblic Meeting of the above trades -yield on Friday evening , in £ he Large Room of ft . FaJrfisld Inn , Fairfield-street , for the purpose of « sionhig the Legislature on the evil effects of mafegrv . The large room was well filled witk -j ^ eJs and delegates from twenty conntry districts Jk Ksbart M'Fariajce was called to the chair . He rod " tetters from several members of Parliament , pdadiag T- S . Daneombe , Eso ^ "W . B . Israni , Esq-, E * il Stanhope , and George Bssis , Esq ., the whole of which promised that j ihej petitioned the Legislature they would reader them all the assistance in their power . 33 » foUotriB ? resoInBons were proposed to tie meeting and unanimously agreed to : —** Tnat it is that tha distress
the opinion of this meeting great expenenced ^ J- the operative block pr i nters is solely lobe atmbotStotheTmresferictedacfcioB of machinery almost eatirdj superseding their labour and depriving them of the means of subsistence . " " That the tmly remedj for the removal « f the alarming distress ¦ sill be a restriction on printing machines , as a pro-Tiaoa of employment for those whose laboor has ieasuperseded bj the machines . " "That apetifem be presented to both Houses of Parliament , embodying the foregoing resolutions praying the Effiioarabls Members to take into their most serious consideration op unparalleled distress with a view to remove tie miseries we at present endure- " That I . S DaDeombe , Esq , be reqnested to present it to ihs House of Commons , and the Honourable Earl Saahope to the House of Lords . "
BASKSIjET . —A large pnblic meeting of linen iravers reading in tli 3 town took place on Monday night , to adopt measures to prevent an attempt at TEdncaon of lie prices given for Tick weaving , by a inn in the town . ^ Resolutions to support the men Trkohare turned mil were agreed to . SiiTE op Tbade . —This town has suffered much daring the pasi week . Hundreds have been thrown ceJ of employment who will have to suffer all the Ikhtois of destitution . The fancy drill trade is now fjnifly closed for the season .
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So FrwEB than six Sre 3 occnrred in Manchester duns * the past week . Ihb Armciirrs at the Manchester Workhouse ra 14 B -weesly more than than thi 3 time last year . Scca is the distress at Stourbridge , at the presaii cme , ihat 2 , 124 persons are dependent on the poor-i&K 3 of that place . Tst Ccckoo was heard in de the neighbourhood ofjfBnadersfield a few daya ago . 3 * eb Civs Journal states that so mecattle , which lad beaiieiz ^ d for poor rates , were offered inthe town ifhfla , last "week , for sale , Tom no one could be indeed tfrbid for-them ; they were therefore returned Jo the owners .
At Bath , a number of poor men ont of employment ire endeavouring to obtain a living by dragging iboui , and offering for sale , waggon loads of coals On the iraggon 3 are chalk- d the words " Coals for ssia bj poor men on $ of employ . Is 1735 there were npwards of 200 , 000 persons employed ; in the operation of wool-combing ; in 1825 thg were reduced to 90 , 000 combers , and now there lreuoi more than 30 , 000 engaged at it . The € oal Pbopbietoks in the neighbourhood of ^ istn are reducing their establishments , and the wffiers complain that their condition is fast approaching to that of the hand-loom weavers . A Fxw Dats ago a Black pony died at the peat age of forty-three years at Habnrgh , near
As £ siBxaxDisxB . Y Bab . op iBos . ^ The largest « r of iron ever made was rolled at the Gyfarthf ion-Trorks , near Merthyr Tydvil , on Saturday last , Jadis , we are informed , for a- house w Holland . It b » cable bolt , 25 ft in length and Sin in diameter , sdiraghsabont 2 , 4001 b . The pile from which it ** = rolled wa 3 about 7 ft long by 12 in sqnare , and Tithed npB ^ rd 3 of 2 , 6001 b . The pDe was taken fiwa tiie heating furnace and put at once into the * b 8 b , jnst in the same manner as they roil bars of an ^^ nary size . It was rolled nnder the able superinteidaiceofMr . Eobert Crawshay .
. Good ApprrrrE . — The tonic properties contained a PABR'S LIFE PILLS , invariably restores the Boaaehto ahealthly lougingfoT food , or in other ?™ * i { prodoces a good appetite , so much envied , to so seldem enjoyed by the invalid ; the gentle s ^ nmhim ;; powers it possesses assista the stomach » jraperij < iigest the food it receives ; the balsamic W ^^ it bestows on the system produces that de-Jp * fi"ieelmg Gf good spiiiis so very desiraDle , and < & 5 P ^ boQi mind acd body to healthy exercise ;
fft / jiing under its inflaence soon wears a joyous " P-s ^ awj the various < iutie 3 of life are performed JBa Pleasare . It , in addition , contains a fine ^ sedasre quality , and instead of long and weary nights , ^ i ? and refreshing sleep . If the stomach * M oottcIb reqoire it , it acts as the mildest and ^ 1 'SreeaLle pargative , and by it 3 cleansing f NR-rs totally eradicatts a redundancy of bile , and ^ PkisJ j removes all obstructions of the intestinal
, j £ P Cahlos' JJaskiage to the Pbiscess oj ^^* ^ - This marriage was , it is well known , long §***•* tejns ; indeed , so long , that many supposed | V"NudBot be accomplished . But how , it may be ^ o , couLi Don Carlos , under hi 3 peculiar cirenm-^ ces , riat Portn » al , —more particularly as he " *• - * vic&n to rhenmatism , in consequence of gP&sare to mgat air during his military marches ? i ~ P * 2 n prelected was , to remove the Prince ' s '"' fffiatosm ;—but hoie ?— ' That -kt « the Question !'
r" so happened that General Philippo Gsrvalis ^ oiceiDf that celebrated preparation called Hol-« Ts Ointment , in hi 3 malle , and by applying iV « or loar ^ Io lhe p ^^^ joints , a mo 3 t ^ ete care - ^ 3 s-. cie ^ an d the Pmce was , of l Jjnf a ^ a ^ ed * o travel , and to meet bis charming J ^^ fv l lile P ^ 06 of rendezvous . The General « f io \ i face ' s portrait bti in gold as a token ¦ joj ^ T ^^ JDde : and the ointmecthas since that 5 ^ Oeen eaploved in Northern Spain for the enre tzx ^*** Gritty of diseases ; sneh as scrofnls , * 5 Bn . i S 5 ^ t : i ^ iletmiaii 5 m we have named , ) paralysis , ^ JfaB kinds , &c . It is gratifyiag to jLJ /^ nciTersjd ib the employment of this ^""^ -s Ointment to all external disorders .
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^ BBlEa EXAMINATION OP THE LATE ^ IS . GARLIiE . S ^^^ Pecaon of ths body of the late Mi iaj ^ jfrifle , some peiuts of no ordinary interest T ^ *?* formaiy the Hubject of an attack of paralysos , etStj , ^? ^ ^ proved to have been caused by ¦^ AnT ? 1 blood k 110 a Tery nnnsnal sitnation , tf tepX *^ . at the base of the brain . This form Isjj g JP- ^ y happens in the proportion < rf judb in four l » j ~ r _ ftSe 8 , accordinir in + V , a «> 1 « il <> Kim < nf Aurtinl
^ g ^« u beliered , by an medical authorities , that U r ** arc necessaril y fatal . fctatr " ? o » proved not only that effusion of , ^ 4 5 ! = « aaderable quantities , may hsre been in this p ^^ sithont being immediately fatal ; but with aw Z ~ j ** tatlTe impunity , -withoat loss ol eonsdous-3 -4 s ^ Ba - ^ Chine ' s brain weighed Mb . 6 cz . and SsWJ ~ The cerebellum amounted to 5 oz . 5 drs . ^^ S « ht aierefore . rf the latter to the forrf ^ fr jr tme to nine and a half . TheTneasnxeHients ijjnj ^ a somewhat exceeded the average European ^ Inav ^ fl ^ 11 "ras connected with the state * of * i"J * Vi heart ^ e'ormerwereinthecendition ¦ w » S afeok ofBronchetesfor tiie most part
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of material muiUaiion . My visit to the above place was performed on Monday last , tha 28 th inst ., pursuant to a complimentary privilege granted to me on the occasion , by Mr . Alfred Carlile ; and upon this respectful recommendation , I was courteously received by Dr . Whitfltld , whom I met without knowing him . until he acknowledged himself as the owner of the name 1 inquired for , at the door of the oounting house , in the first area of the building . Haying there told him the purport of my viaifc , he said I was perfejtly welcome to the indulgence I so eagerly sought for ; but he would remind me that the body of the deceased had been
there eight days , and was therefore , by tbat time , so muchmutUaHd as not to admit of a recognition of any of his features , even by his nearest friends 1 bnt , never-# «/ & » , if my curiosity was * intent upon seeing the identical remains of Mr . Carlile , he would , on the recommendation of his son , most cheerfully oblige me . We then procEcded together across the next area ; and having arrived at a large avenue , on the left of which was the entrance to the dissecting room , the gentleman resumed , " Here is the place wherein he is lying : but , before I open door , I would advise you , if you have never before -witnessed the interior of such a place , to forego your intention . Don't , for a moment , mistake
my meaning : I shall think at no trouble to oblige you . 1 am only paying respect to your feelings as a stranger to such a place . I will admit you , with the greatest of pleasure , if you think it will not be unpleasant to your sight . I replied that , I felt inwardly persuaded that I should not be unnerved . The door was then opened , and myself politely ushered into the room by my distinguinhed escort . The first thing that met my eyes was , the body of a child lying on its back with its face excoriated , and its feet near , to the wall on the right ; and a little further on , nearly opposite , the body of a fall grown person lying on its belly with the left leg off r ¦ while , to the left , as one enters the door , lay the hacked remains of Mr . Carlile , with his head near to the walL I confess the sight was Eiore unpleasant to my eyes than 1 anticipated ; but I will , nevertheless , sum up the resolution to give a description of what I saw as correctly as my memory will permit .
The face of the corse was literally flayed ; and a student , acting under the surveillance of Dr . Whitfield , was chipping away Bmall pieces of flesh near the ear ( which was also either Jiayed ; or entirely of—tor , in the confusion , I really forge ; whkh ) with a lance , for the purpose , I conjectured , « rf arriving at certain veins and muscles ; while on the left was a young gentleman talso a student ) leaning , quite collecf-dly , against the ¦ wall ( in which the door is ) with both his hands in the pockets of a poncio coat , which was closely buttoned
up to the chin . The room was spacious , and the walls , in several places , were ' hung , " not " with diamonds , " but -with unsightly black skulls , snspended by jropes to pegs erected for that purpose . 1 was the only person in the place beside the professional gentleman and the two students , -who seemed somewhat surprised at my entrance with their superintendent—seeing I was a stranger . " You see , sir , " said Dr . Whitfield , ( pointing to the body of Mr . C . as we drew dose up to it ) " he was a man possessed of fine muscles , and must have been
strong and powerful , for a man of his sizi . " [ Mr . Carlile was corpulent , and belew the middle stature . ] 41 And pray , s ^ r , " inquired I , " what might have been the weight of his bruin Y ' " Tniee lbs . 6 . z . and 3 drs , " was the Doctor ' s reply . , The trunk had evidently been divested of the intestines ; there was a horrid aperture on its anterior , and a membrane , slogged with fat , was turned outwards , and was lying on the left breast ; and , as a surcharge of fat r » und ihe heart was said to hive been one among the complication of disorders that accelerated the death of Mr . C ., the greasy membrane to which 1 allude was , no doubt , the pericardium . Dr . Whitfield and myself then left the room , and proceeded together into the street , when we bad some little chat . His
conversation was chltfly professional : ib did not turn upon the subject of the opinions ( either political or theological ) of the deceased , whom he did not , in my presence , either laud or condemn . So whatever might have been his private sentiments—whether Christian or sceptical—one thing whs less equivocal : he was , decidedly , no bigot . Be reflected , disparingly , upon the superstitious prejudice that he said prevailed against dissection '; and remarked , that my friend , whose corpse I had just left , had acted rationally in the bequest he had made of himself for that object . But there were , he said , persons oat of number to be found who were ever ready to stab the reputation of a medical man , upon the slightest error be might havo the misfortune to commit during his attendance upon a patient ;
and yet , those very persons , owing to the superstition he reverted to , virtually denied him the opportunity of knowing his profession , er , at least , of improving ; it We then parted in the uBaal way—the gentleman having previously given me his hand . The spectacle I had just witnessed , though it did not unnerve , produced , nevertheless , a rather si ngular effect upon me , and I would advise any persons whose curiosity , perchance , might direct them to wend their way to a dissecting room , to dine before thoy set out for that object ; for they will not , I apprehend , receive their dinner with any great JRst , afterwards . I speak from a close consultation with my own feelings upon the subject . It was afternoon when 1 visited the hospital , and I had not yet dined , but intended doing bo on my way
thither , bnt , as it then occurred to me , that such a delay might cause me to forego the object of my curiosity , by making me too late for admission , I deemed it advisable to defer the receipt of my dinner —thinking that on my return from that place I could have it comfortably , and without tbat hurrying and confusion which roust inevitably have accempamea an earlier partaking of the same—I was , however , sorely disappointed ; for after what 1 bad witnessed , as above described , my appetite was completely set against flesh . It was the first time I had ever seen any thing bearing a resemblance to meat , in human shape , and every
butcher ' s shop , therefore , after quitting the place of dissection , presented to my vision a most homflc appearance , and caused an unpleasant association of ideas to occupy my mind ; and therefore with my imagination thus distorted , I betook myself to the nearest coffee rooms I could find , and there allayed the appeals of hunger . From that instant I have made bread , cheese , pastry , &c , answer all the purposes of diet , and hava oot touched animal food since . Hksrt Scolthoep , 17 , Douglas-street , Westminster , Middlesex . 28 th February , 1843 .
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BARBAROUS TREATMENT OF A COLLIER BOY , KEAR ELLAND . ( From the Halifax Guardian . ) It is this week our painful duty to record one of the most revolting cases of barbarous treatment that it ever fell to our Jot to notice . The case affords another illustration of the cruelties practised upon children doomed to slave-labour in a coalmine , and we beg distinctly to observe that we have understated rather than overstated the treatment of the wretch whose name we shall shortly introdnfte .
JameB Whiteley , a poor orphan boy , about seventeen years of age , was apprenticed to Joseph Whiteley , collier , residing at Blackley , near Elland , about seven years ago , as a hurrier . He was then only about nine years of age . From the first day of his apprenticeship to his cruel master , he ha 9 been the snbject of the most severe and harsh treatment . Tae labour to which he was put in his mere infancy was the veriest drudgery , and when his limbs failed to do their duty , a huge strap , or not unfrcqueDtly a thick piece of wood , was most inhumanely applied to his person , Six o ' clock in the morning was the usual
hour at which this poor boy was sent into the pit , and at the same hour in the evening—but not unfrequently eight or nine o ' clock—he was again submerged , his only subsistence beine ; a muffin , or some other such eatable , aid the water in the pit . The cruelties practised upon him have bpen greatly increased since his inhuman master was married ( about two years since ) , the woman it appears having taken a dislike to the poor orphan lad . As a sample of the barbarities which this collier boy has had to undergo , let the punishment he has experienced during the past fortnight suffice .
It appeare that the severe flogging which Whiteley received caused him once or twice to run away from his master . A short time ago he was so beat with a hurrier ' s strap , and a heavy piece of wood ( piece of an old cradle ) , that he again resolved upon running away . He did so , but on Tuesday week he was brought before the Halifax magistrates by his master , charged with disobedience . Through the threats and menaces of the cruel tyrant -who had treated him so barbarously , he was stating the whole factB of the case to the bench . The lad had
intended showing the various wounds inflicted upon his person , enough , however , was said to induce the magistrates to reprimand the master , and the boy was ordered to go back again , and the master warned not to ill-treat him in future . ThiB warning , however , was neglected . The same day he administered a most brutal castigation to his victim , which he repeated every day while the lad remained with him . Our readers may imagine that the harrowing details which are to follow are tinged with an air of fiotion . They are facts . The poor lad went down in the pit , was beat with a stick , and between each stroke the instrument was dipped in water . The lad ' s back became one mass of sores , and it waa impossible for him to lie in bed ,
While subjected to this inhuman treatment , he was allowed three meals per day of thin water porridge only , and in eonseqaence ' of his brutal treatment boils broke out in all parts of his body . Frequently was he sent into the pit without breakfast , and obliged to perform the whole of his drudgery . What made this the more painful was the fact of his labouring nnder the effects of a Bevere wound inflioted upon his right knee some time since . On that occasion while beating him with a hnrrier ' s strap , the master took hold of the end opposite the buckle ( which is generally a tolerably large one ) , thus causing a more severe punishment ; in one of the strokes the buckle caught the j > oor lad on the right knee and tore away » large piece of flesh I The Jad , however , was still forced to work .
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On Thursday night week , this monster master ducked the lad ' s head three or four times in a bowl of water , wetting his shirt all over , and forced him into the cellar , where he was locked up all night , without bed , chair , table , or even a morsel of straw ! The Bamo treatment was about to be practised on Friday night , but he begged so pitifully for mercy that he was allowed to go to bed . On Saturday night , however , he was again forced into the cellar , where he remained all night . On Sunday morning he was brought out ; no breakfast was given him ; but , as a further punishment , his master suspended a heavy bag of iron round his neck and forced him to walk up and down the room under the terror of another flogging . Some
cold porridge ( which had been left the previous day ) was warmed up and offered him , but be could not eat . His master then left the house , saying he would look out firf a good thick stick . The woman shortly after loft the house for the purpose of fetching some watrr from a neighbouring well , and the lad being thus for a few moments left aume resolved uppn ' trying once more to escape from a worse than African slavery . With great exertion he managed to looso the bag of iron from his neck , and made his escape into Grimscor Wood . From thence be stealthily prooeed ^ d to the old Copperas Works , where he remained till night-fall . During his concealment in the Copperas VVorks he heard his master seeking him . The lad , when referring to this circumstance
, shudders involuntarily , saying , " I did tiemble then . " Fortunately , however , he wag not discovered . At night he proceeded to Elland where a charitable woman took him into her house , gave him some coffee , and provided him with a bed . On the Monday he went to one of the constable ' s who took him to Mr . Joshua Dodgson , one of the overseers , who was so struck at the shocking spectacle which the lad presented , that he resolved upon resuing him from his inhuman master . He was brought before the Magistrates on Tuesday , by the constable , aocompenied also by Mr . Dodgson . His back waa exhibited and presented from the nape of the neck downwards one continued series of bruises , evidently effected by some solid but thin weapon . His risht hand was also dreadfully swollen in attempting to parry effthe blows . One part of his
body presented rather the appearance of raw , diseased meat than of human flesh and skin ! It was at first intended to take out a warrant for assault , but on conferring with the Magistrate it was thought better to take a summons for ill-treatment , with a view to cancel the indentures and release the lad from the liability to such cruel treatment . The lad was subsequently removed to the workhouse , where he was put under proper medical treatment , and the most assiduous attention has since been paid to him both by Mr . and Mrs . Dyer . We understand that Joseph Whiteley , the lad ' s master , will be brought up before the Magistrates this day . It may be interesting to know that this unfortunate orphan boy is brother to the girl who figured in a wood-cut which appeared in the Guardian some time ago , illustrative of the cruelties and indecencies practised in , the coal mines near Elland .
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A VOICE FROM THE DUNGEON . TO THE EDITOB OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —I hope yott will not think that by addressing you I am seeking for notoriety j my motive for so doing is merely to open the eyes of the hard tolling millions , that they ma ? know the misery we are suffering for daring to assert our right to a voice in the making of an agreement between the employer and the employed . I know full well that a letter from persons suffering under the cruel hand of oppression never failed to enlist the sympathy of the working classes in their favour , and' more especially if they were men who were suffering for advocating the right of the working classes .
I have for several years past seen , by great exertions in the cause of Chartism , that you have the good of your feilow-creatures at heart , and tbat you have been among the foremost in opposing and exposing the trickery and fraud of the would-be friendaof the people , always taking the cause of the working classes as yeur own by supporting right against might ; being aware of this , I fully rely on your candour for publishing to the country an account , of some of the many miseries endured by us for daring to tell the haughty tyrants that
their evil was not good . I have often read with surprise and indignation the cruelty that political prisoners endured . The letter , of O'Connor during his incarceration in York Castle , particularly struck me , and I must confess I thought they were rather exaggerated , but painful experience has learu ° d me that all and much more was true ; no ono can form an adequate idea of our sufferings , unless they have been placed In a similar situation . You may judge from the following to what a state we are reduced : —
We have a 100 m about eight yards in length , and five in breadth , and oa each side is a door , two eastiron pillars , about eighteen inches in diameter , which reaches to the ceiling ; a stone on one side with three slabs placed three feet from the wall , which serves for tables , together with the Bamo number of forma , constitute the whole of the furniture , and this is what is called the day-house ; and in this place is huddled together fifty-eight men of all ages , good , bad , andin-
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differcnt Should tht wind be in the west , the place is immediately fille > i with smoke , and in wet weather , we must either remain in th-j day-house to be almost stifled , or be drenched with rain in the yard ; and we must also go in-this state to a large room to pick wool , and if the quantity is not picked , in all probability our dinner will be stopped ; and 1 am positive , that it is almost impossible to prick the quantity that is given to each man , for it is of such a filthy nature that the room is completely filled with dust and dirt , and the thorny burs that are in it often lame the fingers for two or three days , and we migh 1 ; as well complain to the stone walls as apply to those who consta tly watch over us while at work . If any one is poorly we are almost afraid to apply to the doctor . ]
About the middle of November last , a man of the name of Clarke was sent here for the neglect of family . Shortly after bis arrival he was taken poorly and was admitted into the Hospital . He bad been there two or three days when the old Doctor came ( this was on Friday ) and in his usual blustering manner , thus accosted one , —Who sent you ?—The Governor . To another . Who sent you ?—The young doctor . Umpb 1 He then came to Clarke . Put out your tongue . — Hem , hem . —There is nothing the matter with you that I can cure . It is nothing but laz ' ness . Nurse , give the man a dose of salts , and send htm to his yard . His orders were obeyed ; on Saturday he was sent to his yard . On the Sunday he was so poorly that he was carried to the hospital a seond time , and on Monday morning he was a corpse . Need I say more ; ihe man came in strong and hearty and teas carried out dead . It is my firm conviction that had Clarke had proper attendance he would now have been alive . There are hundreds
who can speak as to the accuracy of this statement-Sir , this being < yur situation ,- yon may form some opinion as to the wretchedness of our condition—surrouuded by men who are callous to the misery of their fellow creatures , who think no more of the death of a human being than they would of the death of a dog . I could furnish you with facts of a similar nature to the above that have happened within those walls , but will reserve them for another time , thinking that the above will be sufficient to prove to you that our condition is far from enviable . ; I think I sbould not be justified ; in concluding this letter without giving you some account of * the food which is allowed to each prisoner , for some may think we have a sufficient quantity allowed , and that our confinement is the only thing we have to complain of , but those wbo think tbns are greatly deceived ; the following are the rations per day i— \
At half-past eight we get br » akf iSt , which consists of about 7 oz . of brown bread , and one : pint of skilly , and that nearly cold , a rare breakfast tor a man to tread the mill with ; at twelve we get dinner , which is either 2 oz . of very bad bacon and something more than one pound of potatoes , or one pint and a half of what is called scouse , or , if neither of these , we receive the bread above mentioned , and a quart of what is called soup , if possible more nauseous than the scou * e ; at four we get supper , and we receive the same for supper as we get for breakfast ; at fire we are locked up for the night .
This is , if possible , worse than any thing elsefourteen hours locked up in a dark cell—then the wretchedness of our situation forces itself upon oar minds ; friends , relatives , liberty and happiness , pass before ns in quick succession . ¦ To give you an adequate idea of our mind is impossible , and therefore it is useless attempting ; but , sir , I hope the day will arrive when I shall be rewarded for all the misery I shall suffer during the two years I have to abide in this miserable dungeon-Hoping that the people will never relax their exertions until the Charter become the law of the land , is the ardent prayer of An injured Chartist , James Williams , of Preston . Kirkdale Jail , Feb . 23 , 1843 .
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minds of their feliow men can become enlarged to the objects they contemplate ; and this experiment , in common with . everything else they undertake , Im been , as far as circumstances would permit , in accordance with the knowledge of the system that the society who have commenced it could be induced to adopt . In tracing Mr . Owen's progress from 1817 to the present period , it is carious to observe the manner ta which various parties have from tim « to time considered themselves qualified to co-operate with him , and carry out his plans ; and , also the modes by which they have supposed themselves capable of accomplishing the same object by a much shorter and more direct route .
It is this , belief , in my opinion , which , preventing a unity of purpose , has hitherto retarded a more rapid progress being made ; and I trust , in the course of this series of letters , without reflecting unduly on the past , to point out that it is to the immediate and paramount interest , not only ef every class , sect , and party in the State ; but also of every individual of the human race , U lay aside all selfish , personal , and sectional considerations , and to join in one universal cry for kbo introduction of this system , the whole of the materials for which abound in superfluity around us ; and thus forthwith to placeman in s state of permanently progressive happiness , increasing as rapidly as his faculties and powers can be enlarged and expanded .
That such a course will be taken by all as soon as the subject is , clearly understood I am well convinced ; and if through the medium of your columns I can succeed in laying before so numerous and powerful a body of men a 3 the Chartists of Great Britain , the benefits to be derived , and the ease with whieh they may be obtained , 1 shall have employed my time to a most useful purpose . Suffice It to say for the present , that there is row ready for every Individual everything required for tae happiness and well-being of himself and all around him , and the mode in whieh this is to be obtained is easy and practical . I am Sir , Your obedient servant , William Galpin . Harmony Hall , near Stockbridge , Hants , February 13 , 1843 .
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From tht London Gazette of Friday , Feb . 24 . BANKRUPTS . William Russell , of Kin ^ ston-upon-Thames , Surrey , innkeeper , March 3 , at half-past two , and April 7 , at half-past twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , London , Mr . Pennell , official assignee ; Mr . Chester , solicitor . Parsonage Bow , Newington Butts , Surrey ; and Messrs . Walter and Demainbray , solicitors , Kingstonupon-Thame 8 , Surrey . John Harrison Curtis , ef 2 , Soho-sqnare , bookaelLr , March 4 , and-April 7 ,, at twelve , at the Coart of Baukinptcy , London . Mr . Pennell , official assignee ; aud Mr . Robson , solicitor , Ciifford ' s-inn . Mr , Joseph Pickering , of Bedford , upholsterer , March 3 , at two ,, and March 31 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , London . Mr . Belcher , official assignee ; Mr . D-in ^ eriieUi , solicitor , 68 , Chancery-line , Loudoa ; and Mr . Brioton , solicitor , Kidderminster .
James Imray , of Old Fisb-street-hill Upper Tharosg street , and of the Minories , City , stationer , March i , t . % ten , aud April 7 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , London . Mr . W . Whitmoro , 2 , Baainghall-street , official assignee ; and Mr . R . Wollen , solicitor , 30 , Bucklersbury , London . John Hague , of Rotberhithe , Surrey , engineer , March 6 , and April 7 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Lmdon . Mr . T . M . Alsager , official assignee . 12 , Birchin-lane ; and Mr . Ashley , solicitor , Old Jewry , London . John Thomas Linford aud John Weeks , of Canterbury , chemists , March 14 , at one , aud April 17 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , London . Mr . Edward -Edwards , official assignee , 7 . Frederick ' splace , Old Jewry ; and Mr . Bakar Peter Smith , solicitor , 17 , Baninchall-street , London .
Edward Morris , of Brighton , Sussex , Tanbridgeware manufacturer , March 7 , at half-past one , and March 31 , at two , at the Court of Bankruptcy ^ London . Mr . George Green , official assignee . IS , AUfcrmaubury ; Messrs . Freeman aud Co ., solicitors , Coleman-street , London ; and Mr . Benson , solicitor , Brighton . Mr . Thomas Wrigley , of Halifax , Yorkshire , silt waste spinner , March 14 , and April 5 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Manchester . Mr . John Fraser , official assignee , Manchester ; Messrs . Makinson and Sanders , 3 , Eim Coart , Middle Temple , London ; and Messrs . Atkinson and Saundera , solicitors , Manches t er .
George Cobb , of Nottingham , licensed victualler , March 3 , at one , and March 31 , at two , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham . Mr . Richard Valpy , official assignee , Birmingham ; Messrs . Johnson and Co ., solicitors , Temple , London ; and Mr . John Bowley , solicitor , Birmingham . Jesse Tarns , of Sbelton , Staffordshire , earthenware manufacturer , March 3 , at half-past eleven , and April 7 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham . Mr . Richard Valpy , official assignee , Birmingham ; Mr . Warren , BoUcitoi , Market Drayton ; and Mr . Hodgson , solicitor , Birmingham . George Seaborn , of Berkeley , Gloucestershire , baker , March 6 , and April 13 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bristol . Mr . George Morgan , official assignee , Bristol ; Messrs . Aston and Wallis . solicitors , New Broad-street , London ; and Messrs . Bishop and Wells , 8 oMcitora , Darslfy . Gloucestershire .
George Newmarah , of Ifottlngbatn , dealer , March XO and April 3 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Leeds . Mr . George Young , official assignee , Leeds ; Mr . J-jhn Bowley , solicitor , Nottingham ; and Messrs , Johnson and Co ., Temple , London . Divid Duncan , of Derby , dealer , March 6 , at eleven , and April 1 , at half-past eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham . Mr . Thomas Bittleston , official assignee ; and Messrs . Huish and Co ., solicitors , Derby , James Wright , of Woodside , Yorkshire , dealer , March 7 , and April 4 , at one , at the Court of Bankrutcy , Leeds . Mr . Charles Fearne , official assignee , Leeds ; Messrs . Robinson and Barlow , solicitors , Essexstreet , London and Messrs . Ward and Son , solicitors , Leeds .
PAR 7 NEBSHIPS DISSOLVED . Richard Yates and John Huggan , of Preston , Lancashire , linendrapers . Edward Baynes and Richard Bayoes , of Lancaster , and Austwick , Yorkshire , corndealers . John- Jones , Henry Gartwright , and Ellis Jones , of Rochdale , Lancashire , linendrapora ( bo far aa regards John Jones ) . John Holt and Thomas Holt , of Manchester , plumbers . Joseph Newton , John Taylor , and John Smith , of Leeds , flux-makers ( as far as regards John Smith ) . David Beynor , Edward Hughes and Robert Jones , of Liverpool , joiners . John George Sctiott , John Casper Lavater , and Edward Backlsr , of Manchester , ' merchants ( so far as regards Edward Buckler ) . John . Moore and Co ., uf Pudsuy , Yorkshire , clothiers .
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From the Gazette of Tuesday , February 28 . BANKRUPTS . Frederick John Manning , money scrivener , Dyer ' sbuildings , City , to surrender March 7 , and April 7 , at two , at the Coutt of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street Mr . Belcher , official assignee ; Messrs . Tippetts , solicitors , Pancras-1-ine , London . Lionel Everet Parkina , chemist , Bicestermarket-end , March 7 , at twelve , and April 7 , at half-past one , at the C' urt of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Mr . Belcher , orSeial assignee ; Mr . Maugham and Kennedy , solicitors , Chancery-lane , London ; and Messrs . King and Sen , solicitors , Buckingham . William flarrup Swain , draper , Farnham , Surrey , March 9 . at half-past one , and April 11 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Mr . Whitmore , official assignee ; BaSingbaU-street ; and Messrs . Reed and Shaw , solicitors , Friday-street , Loniimi
Mary Evans , John Evans , and Thomas Howard Evans , paper-stainers , Oid-atreet-road , Middlesex , March 10 , at two , and April 11 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , BiBinghaU-street . Mr . Alsager , official assignee ; and Mr . Woollen , solicitor , Bucklersbury , London . James Earp , victualler , St . George's-place . Camberwell , Surrey , March 9 , and April 25 , at twel ? e , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Bd 8 ingball-stre > et Mr . Green , official assignee ; and Mr . Turner , solicitor , Southampton-buildings , London . John Wellington Jones , tailor ; Cable , Wiltshire , March 9 , at one , and April 10 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basingball-street . Mr . Turquaucl , official assignee , Coptball-court , London ; aud Mr . Cox , solicitor , Pinnar ' shall , Old Broad-street , London .
William Eden , printer , Queen-street , Cheapside , London , Match 10 , at two , and April 12 , at twelve , at the Court of Binkruptey , Basinghall-street . Mr . Johnson , official assignee , Basingball-street ; and Mr . Crafter , solicitor , Blackfriars-road , London . James Stufebs , coach-maker , Worthing , Sassex . Marcb , 7 , and April 5 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street Mr . Lackington , official assignee , Coleman-street-buildings , London ; and Mr . Williams , eolieitor , Alfred-place , Bedford-square , London . John Todd , ship-builder , Hylton Ferry , Durham , March 8 , at eleven , and April 11 , at one , at the Court » f Bankruptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . Mr . Thomas Baker , official assignee , Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; Messrs Kidson and Sons , solicitors , Sanderland ; and Messrs . Meggison and Co ., solicitors . King ' s Road , Bedford-row , London . :
Joseph Burghall , coal-dealer , Rowton Bridge , Cheshire , March 6 , at eleven , and April 10 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Liverpool . Mr . Bird , official assignee , Liverpool ; and Massrs . Harper and Jones , solicitors , Whitohnrcn . John Sfephenson and William Haste , machinemakers , Bradford , Yorkshire , March 14 , and April 1 , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Leeds . Mr . Hope , official assignee , Leeds ; and Mr . Blackburn , solicitor , Leeds . William Yates Norton , retail-brewer , Biren Hills , Staffordshire , March 9 , at twelve , and April 3 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Leeds- Mr . Bittleson , official assignee , Birmingham ; and Mr . Brewn , solicitor , Bilaton .
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FIWBRAX OP RICHARD CARLILB . ( Written expressly for iht star J The above ceremony took place on Sunday afternoon , at Kensal . Green Cemetery , -where , in accordance irith the request of Mr . CarlDe when living , the burial service , or priestly ceremony , " was to have been wholly dispensed with ; but , in this expectatisn , the friends or the deceased were disappeinted , as the sequel -win snew . ^ The Piiocessioi ? having been announced to start from ttie house of thB departed at two o ' clock , a number of respectable gentlemen had , agreeable to the announcement , congregated together , in Bouveriestreet , and also in Keet-atrsefc , near the entrance of that thoroughfare , at the appointed hour , among vrhom Watson
-Mr . , the publisher , ( late of City-road ) and other Liberals of loBg standing , -were autinguiBhed . The hearse and mourning coaches ifive in number ) did not , however , arrive at the house until about three o ' clock . In five minutes after , the corpse was brought out and put into the hearse ; and in about ten-or twelve minntes after the arrival of the vehicles , the procession Btartedforthe place of sepulchre . The route it took was , through Fleet-street , Temple-bar , Strand , Charingcross , Cockspnr-ftreet , PaH-mall , Waterloo-placa , the Quadrant , Regent-street , and Oxford-street ; then along the Edgeware-road , i « a Tybarn-gate « 'fei , Harrow-road and thence to Willesden , -where the Cemetery is situate ! The mourning coaches -which accompanied the heaTse were filled -with the male friends of Mr . Carli ' e . In the one attached to the hearse -were his three sons ; on the right sat Richard Carlile ( the eldest ); on the
left , Alfred ( the middle son ); and , in the rear , sat the youngest son , Thomas Paine Carlile , beside of -whom , and in -whose care , -was a respectable-looking male child , apparently about eight or -Jne years old . Among the mourners -were , Mr . B . D . Coasins , the Radical printer and publisher , of Duke-street , Lincoln ' s Innfields , and Mr . Allen Davenport , the veteran writer and bard , -who has been so many years known in the ranks of Republicanism ; and it is a pleasing fact to record , that , notwithstanding the unfavourable state of the weather , about two hundred persons ( males ) , admirers of the deceased , accompanied the procession on foot the whole distance from Bouverie-street to Kensal Green , a distance of little , if any thing , short of six miles . Every one of the followers was decently attired , and some were strikingly remarkable for their gentle manlike exterior .
The Istermbkt did not take place till about a quarter to five o ' clock , a few minutes after the arrival of the cortege at ita destination . The coffin having been lowered into the grave prepared for its raception , the bye-standers commenced looking anxiously around them , expecting the arrival of some gentlemen who , they conjectured , might have been engaged on tke occasion to ' speak Mr . Carlile ' s funeral oration , as was done " a few years ago , at the funerals of Thomas Hardy and John Gale Jones , at Bunhiil Fields , especially as they ¦ were inwardly persuaded , and had even heard , that the deceased had constantly reiterated it as his desire , tbat at his burial , " no priestly ceremony" Bhould be observed , if it could be possibly superseded . In- this expectation they -were , however , disappointed ; and
¦ were morever informed , that the corpse would not be allowed to be covered over until the rite to which they objected had been gone through ! whereat great dissatisfaction was evinced by all present The multitude assembled were kept ¦ waiting round the grave for about a quarter of an hour , -without anything being done , in consequence of the clergyman , ( the Rev . Josiab Twigger ) being professionally engaged with several other funerals -which had preceded ^ lr . Carlile ' s in arrival ShorUy after , the snrpliced pastor arrived at the foot of Mr . C . "s grave , -with an open book ( the Psalt * r ) from which he was about to proceed to read the burial service , when a scene not very customary at a funeral , ensued : 3 Ji . Alfred CaxUle , on the part of niB father and his surviving £ amHy , stepped forward towards the minister ,
and firmly objected to the performance of the rite in qnestion —( hear , hear ) . The Rev . Gentleman replied , *• I must perform my ditiy . " T&t . Carlile . jun . observed , " 8 ir , we protest against the performance of this ceremony . Our late father lived and died in opposition to priesterqfi of every description ; and we , therefore , protest in his name against the service being read "—Ih 6 ar , hear , aad good , good . ) The minister here observed that , be ceuld not help the aversion on the part of the deceased and his family ; and intimated the ground whereupon they stood being consecrated , the performance of his accustomed duty was imperative—adding , that if they had given previous notice of this their objection , they might have had their father interred in *• the other ground" alluding to some spot contiguous , not
consecrated , and , consequently , less holy . ' Another son of the deceased here remarked , <¦ This , Sir , is our ground : we have purchased it for our family ; and we do not require the service to be read—it is a mockery . ' " The Pastor then replied , ' It was a mockery then , Sir , to bring him here . " The third son now stepped forward and said , " Then , Sir , since the service is to be performed , we will have our way thus £ n—we will retire * and not listen to it" ( "Hear , hear , " and a loud burst of applause from all sides of the grave !) The Rev . Gentleman here remarked , with great sauvity of manner , 4 i Tbat , of conr 3 e , gentlemen , is as yon please —I have no wish to interfere with your determination upon that point ; but yon must bear in mind , Gentlemen , the consequences of any determined opposition to
my sacred duty . " The Messrs . Carlile and the mourners , one and all , then left the grave with contempt ! The clergyman then commenced : " A man that is born of a woman hath but a short time to live . He cpmeth up , and" At this moment , a voice at the head of the grave exclaimed , " I move that all Mr . CarlDe ' s friends immediately leave court" ( Hear , hear . ) Some others rejoined , " Yes , let us fellow the example just now set ns , and not stay here to pay complaisance to this mummery , " ( Hear , hear , with loud applause . ) This suggestion was simultaneously acted upon ; and , in less than one minute , the minister was left to read the funeral Berviee ( which he recommenced ) to only the sexten and one or two isolated individuals who were standing on the clayey mound that had been raised by the spade of the grave-digger ! The ceremony over , one
of the deceased ' s sobs addressed the spectators to the effect that the rite that had just then been performed over hiB late father wm withont their concurrencethat he , in conjunction with his brothers , had done all in his power , to prevent it ; but their efforts bad been fruitless . For their own part , they disclaimed it , in act and deed . He then thanked him , as friends , for their prompt attendance on the occasion ; and , thus concluding , bade them a social farewell . The Rev . Gentleman displayed no bigotry on the occasion ; and I consider that he was officially consistent with order wheD we look at it in a business-point of viewleaving religion out of the case . The coffin of the departed was topped by a laTge brass plate , I shonld say , about fourteen inches square , bearing th 9 following inscription , engraved in bold Roman characters : —
" RICHARD CARLILE , Bobs 8 th December , 1790 , Died 10 th February , 1843 I have learned this morning , from respectable authority ( Mr . Consins ) that Mr . Watson had asserted to some friends at the burial ground , that if he had been appealed to ( and that sufficiently early ) he would have been prepared himself to deliver an oration over Mr . CarlUe ' s remains ; and that Mr . Allen Davenport , as it teas , would fain have obliged the company present in that way , bnt for the apprehension he was nnder of having to walk to town , as the performance might cause him to lose his conveyance—for the coaches were
in a hurry to proceed , after the mourners had left the grave to the clergyman and sexton . The Times of this morning—with its accustomed predilection for hyperbole —asserts that during the burial service , the pastor was interrupted by " ribald jests . " Now , 1 can vouch for the ntter fallacy of this statement . There were no persons present of a character at all likely to indulge in ribaldry . The Times must look for that in its own circle—the aristocracy—who patronize the gambling table , the turf , and the prize ring ; and not the soeiety of . the intelligent and moral admirers of liberty -and free discussion , who by-the-bye , have neither time nor money—like their patrician enemies—to sacrifice at the shrine of voluptuousness and " ribaldry . "
There were , to be sure , two gentlemen standing at a little distance from the grave ' s bead , who , by their smiles , indicated their utter disregard for the ceremony nnder performance ; bnt no " interruption" of the same was attempted . One of them , when the clergyman came to tbat part of the service relating to a " sure and certain hope of the resurrection to eternal life , " certainly remarked , to his friend , ( but in a tone to be heard by no other person than myself , who happened to be near to them ) , that he did not consider there was or could be any surety or certainty upon the subject . If , Mt . Editor , your readers , to whose reason and judgment I appeal in the matter at issue , should decide that the above noiseless utterance of sentiment on the part of one person to another , was tantamount to " ribald jesting , " the offending parties must certainly plead guilty to the charge ; and I myself will not go out of my way to palliate their crime , by endeavouring to cast them
sereen them from the imputation thuB upon by the " Tikes /* whose reporter , by the bye , or any other person there present , could know no more than merely that , by the motion of their lips , they uttered something . Having thus minutely detailed the particulars of . Mr . Carlile ' j funeral , by a more careful , and consequently more accurate account than will , I apprehend , be given in any other journal than fliis , I will now , with the readert permission , revert to a scene in Thb Dissecting Rooh at at Thomas ' s Hospital , in the borough of Southwark , where the body of the deceased was retained , for the benefit of anatomical science , exactly a fortnight . The day after its receipt thereinto , there were , it appears , a few select parties admitted by tickets only , to riew the corse ; but this was either prior to , or at the commencement of the dissection . I beliBTe myself to be the only person { except the professionals ) who « aw Mr . Carlile in a Btate
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DISTRESSING SHIPWRECKS . LOSS OF FOURTEEN LIVES . Hartlepool—Thursday , Fed 23 . —It is our painful duty to relate one of the most melancholy occurrences that have tafyen place near this port ( Hartlepool ) , for many years past . The brig X . L ., Captain Hinder , belonging to London , from Antwerp for Hartlepool , with a general cargo of merchandise , came on shore near this place at fire o ' clock this morning ( Thursday ) , during a strong breeze from about S . E ., with a very heavy sea running at the time . It is believed that Captain Hindes was a stranger to the navigation at the spot where the
lamentable catastrophe happened , and having made too free with the land , let go his anchor , but unfortunately too late , and consequently the unfortunate brig X L , was driven upon the rocks . Every assistance was rendered by the officers and men of the coast-guard service , aided by the inhabitants , but unhappily without effect , the vessel having , in about two hours , gone to pieces , and all on board , with the exoeption of a youn ^ trian named Kyffin , aged seventeen years , perished . The number who thus met with a watery grave ( including the captain ' s wife , who unfortunately was on board , passenger ) was ten .
Drogheda , Fee . 21 . —Yesterday ( Monday ) , the brig Margaret , Captain Paton , belonging to Irvine , N . B ., bound from Ardrossan for Dublin , foundered about twenty miles east of Drogheda . Five of her crew were saved by getting into the long boat , and cutting her adrift . There was a tremendous sea running a ' , the time , and the Margaret in a few minutes disappeared , and with her Captain Paton and two apprentices . About five hours after the vessel foundered , the boat , containing the five survivors , was picked up by the men belonging to the coast-guard service stationed at Clogher , and towed in there . Plymouth , Thursday , Feb . 21 . —Yesterday , the Rosa , Captain Fish , from Liverpool for Yarmouth , put in here ( Plymouth ) . On Saturday , she was struck by a heavy sea off the Smalls , which washed one of the crew , named Rivers Gosling , a native of Yarmouth , overboard , and he was unfortunately drowned .
Grimsby , Feb . 22—Captain Woolsey , of the rogular London trading schooner Providence , arrived here vesterday , and reports that , on Monday last , be passed a vensol sunk in about eight fathoms of water , Haisborough Light bearing about S . S . W ., about six miles distant , and the north end of Haisborough Sand Light bearing about E and by N . The masthead was painted green , and was about eight feet out of the water , with the boom and gaff floating alongside . Captain Woolsey supposes the wreck seen by him to have been that of a billy-buoy . On Monday night , about eight o ' clock , Spurn lights bearing W .,
from twenty to twenty five miles distant , the sloop Nancy , Captain Lott , belonging to Gravesend , was run down by a schooner ( name unknown ) , supposed to be bound for the north . The schooner hove to , and showed a lights but owing to the very heavy sea , and the darkness of the night at the time of the accident , they were unable to render the Nancy any assistance . The smack British Hero , also belonging to Gravesend , fortunately came up shortly after , and succeeded in rescuing Captain Lott and his crew . The Nancy sunk about half-au-hour afterwards . The strange schooner proceeded northwards .
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TO THE EDITOB . OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —I have had two interviews with Mr . Duneombe ; and although he thinks nothing can be done for poor Ellis at present , yet he pledges himself to use every exertion iu the poor exile ' s favour as soon as the trials are over , and the political ferment arising out of the trials has subsided . Mr . Duncombe evinced the deepest sympathy With the undeserved Sufferings of Ellis , and listened to ray narrative of our conversation in the dungeon with manifest interest I regret to say that some one bad made an unfavourable impression respecting poor Ellis iipon Mr . Diincombe ' mind , prior to my seeing him . That I have removed it , gives me inexpressible satisfaction . My vow , or , at least , the more important part of It , is now fulfilled .
1 address my Shakspereans , by way of farewell , twice in the Leicester amphitheatre , next Sunday . The following Sunday , I have engaged to deliver two addresses at Wednesbury , where I hope to have the melancholy satisfaction of seeing IV ) rs . Ellis ; and the next morning I shall be at Stafford , ready to present myself , once more , at the bar . I am , dear Sir , Youra truly , Thomas Cooper , London , Feb . 28 th , 1843 .
P . S . I am sorry to say that I must disappoint the friends at Gainsborough , Newark , Arnold , < Stc . I cannot now make them the visit 1 promised .
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induces , the latter was somewhat enlarged , and loaded wiEh a considerable quantity of fat Mr . Carlile ' s case ia an wmtrattoB one to the pbysl-£ & * " $ , ? ££ * ¥ * 8 OTwe of S ^ iHcation *> his £ S 1 £ ^ ¥ * £ £ * ' ** item *** ^ " ^ ed to the treasury of useful knowledge . t ^^ tT ^^ Were " ^ *«» M »* to our 5 IS Thomas Williams , of St Thomas ' s
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HARMONY HALL . TO THE EDITOR OH THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir . —In the last letter I wrote , ijstated my readiness to forward a series of letters , " explanatory of what is contemplated by the Socialists in this experiment , aud the degree of progress they have hitherto made . " Tbe public mind is now becoming aroused to the importance of the land question , and it will require all the eneroy , z « sl , and talent of every individuil capable of treating it broadly and jastly to supply the demand for information respecting it that is being now rapidly created .
With these preliminary remarks Ijproceed . to point out to such of your readers as are nut well acquainted with the subject , that the S xsial body . ire associated for the objact ef removing , at the earliest jpossible period , all the causes wbich produce vice ) , crime , and misery in the world ; and of substituting in thoir place the causes which produce the greatest amount j of permanent happiness to every individual of the human race . They found their expectations sf being enabl d to do this upon certain fundamental facts or laws respecting the nature and organization of man which have been hitherto overlooked in the constitution of society ; and from these facts or laws they deduce two distinct but most important sciences , namely , the science of human nature and the science of society .
By the former they know that experience will enable them to instruct their fellow men , ta such a knowledge of their organization ^ , r& shall completely change tbe present currant of their ideas , and convince them that the actions of all men are necessitated ; tbat tbe feelings and convictions of all are produced independently of any will they may have on the subject , by tbe circumstances in which they are placed ; and tbat either these reelings or convictions , or both of them united , will prompt them to action and form the will . By the latter they expect to be enabled to construct a system of society capable of producing , not only a due supply for the physical wants of every individual , but also ever ^ requisite for his happiness , by the full development of every faculty and quality he may possess , physical , mental , and moral .
It is on these two sciences , aa . laid down by the Rational System , thai all the proceedings of the Sicialists are based ; and althongh there exists , even among the body who have associated themselves together te carry oat tho principles , a | considerable difference of opinion aa to what these principles really are , and a still greater as to tbe manner in which they are to be reduced to practice—yet , in proportion as the truths of the system become manifest to the minds of the disciples the progress uf their introduction will be made .
It has appeared to many who have looked superficially at the subject , that failures have heretofore taken place In the development of the plans for introducing the Rational System of Society into practice ; but if we reflect , that in the year 1817 ; Robert Owen first announced to the public , that be ,: without any other assistance than the truth from which he had compiled hiB system , intended to destroy every institution of society , and make it give place to a new and superior mode of human existence , which should gradually be made to be desirei by all ranks and classes , and see She progress which has been already made towards the attainment of this object , we must come to the conclusion that the assertion was no id le boast ; but that what has beeH dono ia must astonishing , and the whole will most assuredly aud speedily be realised .
What are the relative positions of tbe various parties concerned in this declaration at th-- time it was made and the present period ? In 1817 y believing that Mr . O wen was about to introduco something which would minister to tho preconceived notions and prejudices of tbe various ranks , classes , sects , and parties , and that by his assistance the existing order , of things was about to be prolonged , under some slight modifications j he was , for a time , the idol of thosa who wove satisfied and contented , and was dreaded for his conservative principles by those who felt that some great change was
necessary , which change they thought could be effected by violent opposition to the existing powers . No sooner , however , had Mr . Owen made the memorable declaration which he did , at the Cify of London Tavern , in that year , that there existed much , very much , of error in every religion in the world , and that nothing short of an entire revwlution in eyery institution and custom of society , and a reconstruction of the elements of which it was composed on an entirely different basis , would enable him to proceed with his designs , than he found himself more or less opposed by every
individual in the world . : From that period to the present , Mr . Owen has anclevv&tingly pursued his course , ' and it niust be left to future generations , who shall , have taken a clear conception of the whole of hiB vasj , and comprehensive plans , to do anything like adequate justice to the consistency with which his course had been pursued ; it is sufficient for me at present to remark , that from the opinions of a single individual , opposed to , and opposed by , every power , Jaw , and custom , by which the affairs of man have been hitherto governed , we find the principles are now not only the regulating standard
for a body of men , who have come forward openly to declare themselves disciples of the system , and are prepared to devote themselves entirely to its introduction in practice , and who have ! formed a society for that purpose more strongly organized than any that has hitherto existed ; but they have also made the deepest impression on every rank , class , sect , and party , not only in this country , { but throughout the civilized world ; and the fundamental doctrine which they contain , on which every superstructure must be based , namely , that the characterjof man is formed for him and not by him , ia now almost universally admitted , and must soon become the moving impulse of all
human aetion . ! I am aware , with some of your readers , I shall be considered as travelling beyond the object I proposed , namely , that of explaining what is contemplated by the Socialists in this experiment , -but it is necessary to shew tbat in all our transactions we have the universal and permanent happiness of the -whale of tbe human race in view , to account for what would otherwise appear the delay which take * place , in immediately putting together , as may otherwise be easily done , a small economical association of men , confined selely to the supply of their physical wants , and beld together by strong coercive regulations . |
The grand leading object of the Socialists being to put In operation a system of Boeiety such as I have given an outline of in the above remarks , they have bad , and they will have , to progress in proportion as the
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9 ^^ ======================= ==== == ^ == ^ THE NORTHERN STAR . ¦ 3 ** ' ** ' - m »— ¦ . . _ _ _ ¦ - ¦
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 4, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct640/page/3/
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