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j0 THE PRODUCERS OF WEALTH, AND ALL THOSE WHO LIVE BY INDTJSTBY ON THE LAND.
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Cijarttgt QtitelXigcence.
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VERBATIM REPORT OF THE CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED , No . 3 , OF A VERBATIM REPOBT OF THB BKCENT TBIALS OP FEAEGUS O'CONNOR AND 58 OTHERS , AT LANCASTER , FOR RIOT , SEDITION , TUMULT , AND CONSPIRACY . > PHE above Work will be Pablished in Weekly Numbers of 64 Pages of Royal Octavo , Edited by X FE ARGUS O'CONNOR , E ? q ., Barrister-at-Law , and to which will be added A SHORT ACCOUNT OP THE CAUSES OF THE DISTURBANCES OF AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER LAST , With Notes upon the Trial ; also a Dedication to Baron ROLFS . A SPLESTDID PORTRAIT OP THE JUST JUOOfH "WHO P RESIDED , WILL BE PRESENTED WITH THE LAST NUMBER ( GRATIS ) To those who have been Subscribers to the Work . The Portrait will be Executed with a view to its being plaoed as a Frontispiece , and when completed , which will be in about four Numbers ; the whole will make a valuable work . Price 7 d . a Number , in a wrapper . The Portrait gratis . Subscribers and Agents are requested to giro their Order * to Clkavk , 1 , Shoe Lane , Fleet Street , London ; Hevwood , 60 , Oldham Street , Manchester ; and Hobson , Northern Star Office , Market Street , Leeds .
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3 Tr Erisxds , —I hive ever asserted , and shall goaikiie to assert , that the Teiy existence of an AjjjuinisaatioQ , no matter of what political com-Jexionj is strong presumptive evidence of the acnnjecenoe » f pnblio opinion in Its favour . I shall gret contend for the right of the people of any eonuBJ to resisl ihe aggressions , or to destroy the power , of an nnconstitHtlon&l Administration , By jqsck : ssxi ihat the question of constitutionality , oi jmconsntutionality , is one to be = deeided upon by ibe whole people j and not by the Eing , the Lords , or the ComuwmSj as at present chosen , or all of them
BEited . It may be argued , npon the other hand , that an administration iipheld by force may continue 2 > y foiee to bold the reins of government against the &msen \ of alax ^ e majority of the nation . It may ] je bo foretime ; bnt the very means used for its pregerr&Son tni ^ i ^ the end , lead to its overthro-w ^ d « is because 3 betters that the usual appliances of nigh * for the subjugation of right are now exjjjujswd , or seaily so , that I select the present as a $ i sad proper tioe for opening a new and fertile Jieid of ¦ p-cx ' tedi agitation , as a means of establishing gj 5 gpcaai and political basis whereon the title to potrer shall henceforth securely rest .
1 mere politician is , in my mind , a mere fool ; and nothing more weakened obt party in its infancy flan the inabi&y of the supporters of Chartism to lead tie inguiam e mind to any reasonable conclusion aa to cur ulterior-objeet , or anticipated benefit from the completion of our measures . I admit ihat it was tiresome , and Tery repulsive , io hear nothing , night after night , hut " yon are th * producers of all wealth , and are entitled to & voice the Charter
m its representation ; once get , and Jhen von destroy the power of your enemies . " Tasteless , surfeiting , and insufficient , as such repetition were , tbej were , however , in ihe JraLslaee * iptenon , absolutely requisite and necessary for the pnrposB of forming a political party : for had we thrown xn-nadiEested , chimerical scheme before the ihes rude and -rjncnltmted mind of the country , all the adroitness of hired opposition would hare been unlisted in tie exposure of OUT fallacies , OUT crudities , and our whims .
Upon ihe other hand the growing belief that the want of political power was the grand cause of th § great social mEgsalily by which the nation was distracted , has ai length led to fee wholesome concla B 0 fl , tliatp £ > 5 f « fl /^« cer ia but a heass , and social x&mszss the EXD . "We then turn to a consideration of those 31 £ aj ? s ; festft , as to aow political po-wer has been obMdned " ,
sad how it has , in its present shape and form , been so successfully preserved in the hands of its present possessors ; and , secondly , as to the means by which 2 may be preserved by the people , and the objects to which , if oace possessed , it would be directed . It is my desire to snip mj subject of ail those ambignniss and technicalities with which the theorists and wild visionaries have clothed it , and lay it bafore yoa in nature's simple dress :
" Xatare ' B dresa is loveliness . " In &s present great collet of parties ^ perhaps 2 ie most stiiMng feature is this , that the one thiDg , ih& osly thing , about which all write , all talk , all ihiai of , and legislate npos , is THE LAND . It realty appears to have become common property ; jad though it 3 real valne is seldom assigned to it , or prominently developed in the speeches and writings
of parties , yet it 13 the foundation of them alL What , after aD , does the guestion of the Corn Laws resolve iteelf into 1 A question of land either abroad or li hoile I What are ihe questions ot emigration sad colonization , but questions of The Lajtd . Then , it we « nter more minutely into detail , we have Drainage Bills , Enclosure Bills , Improvement Bills , Allotment Bills , and so forth ; all questions immedaielv connected with the Lasd .
In thr series of letters which I am nowabont to address to you upon this subject , it 13 my intention to point oat tLe capabilities of the soil under a wise and proper system of management ; and I hope to prove Irrefutably that the people have i ? ow in their power to present so large a practice , illustration of the £ ucces > fal result which mnst follow the fmalmeut of my pJan as to enlist ia its behalf a eo-operation , an energy , a devotedness , sndan-
anfinug agitation , sntth S 3 no caose was ever yet fistinguiBted by . I hive alway 3 to regret the flnsTbipss of my allotted space as compared with jie magnitude of my subjects ; and here I am compiled to present * he most important question ever je £ submitted to the public mind , tail foremO 3 t J xad before I submit the plan irself , I am obliged to ffpase the mesns by which , when thoroughly shaped , J seai to propose for its working .
3 believe that many , Tery many persons , not of the ircrlang order , are aradoas fta- a laa-gs ¦ esjteri 7 ncnt spon fte plan of bohe coxoihzatio : * ; and that we can sEsi a great portion of indiridnal 01 corpoT&le sopjet in its behalf , if the assurance is once given , that fee is to be no " tmderhand tcerk" no " Lai » i Txtumpium , " no " Captivating Prospectuses f no * . « ay » Id Parliament Jot Enlarged Pmcers : n no * 1 iee ( rpOTation 3 with power to sue , and to bs sued ?" j sj , " «» an'S 22 Dg of the first Call , " to give increased SK 2 T , ' trio the Directors : I say , that if I can present
* stb& ' 6 s ^ support which no law , beyond that jjujji j ia £ ristence , shall be required , and in the amjujr «* of which no law expenses will be l a ^ d , j ! ,, 1 ^ at every farthinii raised will go to the ** & £ * oj th * SBc 5 (>* J Kself , under prnJcnt , btneficial , ad ^ cQEoiu ^ ^ management , then I think it will b » eitolei t 5 > 1 h = cniTersal support of all indnstrion 3 Tshoih , more "ft ^ icularly when the existicg ^ aw CTfsnsallthes . * * "y that we could derive either &aa a - Charier * £ t > rporatk > n / ' or a special Act -rf ^ arlisaneit . "
M th& head of maa ^ agement , as trustees , I hope to * e Tnmi 3 ItaLcor : " ^ » E ?( * - > M . P ., John Fielden , Mi M . P , and Shar . 'as Cra ^ ord , Esq ., JLP ., — i »« em } emeB in whos ' political integrity , and in *^ se d ^ re for social it ?« oeration the people have ^ ajrasoa tocoLfide . J hers Mead ihe social a od political character ; Jaacch as tie a ^ iiuoa f 01 * tfce < & **** , and the ^^ tteoni of adue-riDg is , ai " » I * so band ™ taild : ** feaaanch as those who jh " ^ a loTe of onT tecfezMl abhorrence of our x , AEan 3 for ac ? 5 ^^ s ^ recogjauo ^ mil be put to a £ 1 * test , 1 cannot *»» panks can lefuse their . ^ operation .
« the ouset I must guard myst U - « ain 5 t the ^ pB ly ^ Mch facnoB , when drive . ^ ^ * JS ] ott tt &aTwr 10 mefct me . ^» <*? of j ^ Sw - « 1 be nised when argnn , «* ^ > k * 1 ^ jsb that mj P ] an has no mo « *» J ° Jr ^ faSatt ? haa it has to do w . ^ ?*¦ " faith" is a term wMch sba . ^ * ° \ H * W ** t ia wj of my addresses . " Rb ! i **» ^ BM aj oae wurd afaoat , further than tk . ^ tte aeeompli&iaettt of my views would g nfi ¦ jj *™ 10 an t « bestow more thought and 1 . ^^ Pm ihe sBijeei . ^^ uit j of land ihs . % I propose to assign to
¦ j ^ gj ? 1 * B 5 oaiij Ciniained in leases made between SS ^ vt ' * 1111 fres from tbo 58 absurd KtHmtT preS € rTe t 0 lbe ^ n 0621 ri « ajQd : S »^ - * " * ^ ^ e has no right to possess sqtojf ^ , ^^ orf , with its free-gronnd for -g ^ « unvated in common by the tenants of the igy * winch U would be allotted ; the Medical ^^^ Q at 3 j and means of preventing litigation ^ l ^ Beferees , are Bubjects which in time g ^ j w , ^ ^ saderatic-n : but I here announce ic ** J - woef * im and object is si } to locate the * krZ S *** that ie n ^ J nninterrnptibly ^ J ^ eemforteofhis owr > « nhnr * l Inl ^ a * . and Pk
teg ^ orMay . in next year , I do fondly ^^^ openiBg of * Landed Labour Mariet bo VdjTi ^ f * * ' " ^ * ° : HUDE ' *** implor-^ 4 ll ^^^ Dger be eompelled to b ^ liberty to ^ j ^ " **! « isient *» pittaa © e in ihe Artificial [ vv jT f «_ yon upon the Eubject , you will find | r j !^; ~^ csj hntaE miaeisameanB ofacquiring I ^ VT * " 116 ? 8 bT PoHucal power , jon moat not h& ? ~ ~ * " ^ 5 inasmnch as the Tight to expend free |> 5 f 4 "" " * ^ land for the husbandman ' s e # » I ' --e ^ reat advantage that I expect the
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people to derive from the acquisition of political power . I have more than once reminded you that in agitation there are three stages : — Firstly , the creation of a sound political opinion . ' Secondly , the organization of that opinion ; and , Thirdly , the proper direction of poblie opinion He ] y npon it , that the improved mind of this country , will require from the professors oi
liberality some better aceeunt of proposed measnres than the mere repetition of wholesale anticipations , and flnmmery phrases to captivate excited feelings . " / -would -put my head upon the block "— " May my right arm be severed from my body when I desert the cause , " — " J mould die Un thousand deaths , " and so forth , are but the A- B . C . of agitation . We have goxe betosd that I and now every man can understand the grammar of politics , and each bearer expects to learn what he is to contend for .
First principles will find no place in my letters . I leave such considerations to those who , when once located in a free state upon the land , will be in an improved condition to distnss those vital , but not just now pertiaent questions . The man who begins to build his house downwardB , is a bad architect ; and bo would it be injudicious , and out of place , here to argue man ' s right of participation in that , tHt-wteefe , * t present , he cannot acquire the power of even -working f ©* himself . Living from hand to mouth creates a servile despondency upon the will of the capitalist . Land is
the only raw material to which individual labour can be successfully applied . The application of machinery to agricultural purposes never can be used to the disadvantage of him who produces his own means of livelihood by the sweat of his own brow . Combination , centralization , and competition win not render his fields sterile , nor yet paralize his arm . In the midst of all , he will , whether cheap » r dear , have the means of providing for his own and his family ' s requirements , without being unhoused as snrplns poor , " or persecated as a " dissatisfied pauper . "
To the plan which I mean to propose I shall devote my most untiring , unpaid exertions , and cbeerfnlly fill any situation in which I can be of aiy service . Under the Friendly Societies' Act , I think we can ensure ample security and protection ; while by a vigourous exertion we can do for ourselves , that which , till done , will ever leave the working cJaases the mere sport of faction , and , when done , will give a practical prtqf not only that they are the producers of vrealts , but that they are about to be the source of all power .
1 may here mention that the means by which the fund will be raised will be in shares , payable by instalments of sixpence per week ; but that the payment in fuli will by no means be n quired for admitting a shareholder to all the proposed benefits of the Society ; and , should it be objected that a shareholder wonld have to wait for years for any benefit , the answer is , that the funds te carry out the schema are not expected to come solely from persons expecting to be located upon the land , bat are
expected to come from persons investing capital upon the proposed secarity of " satcke's inbcstbt , " with the guarantee that not a farthing will be foolishly expended . Sick Club ? , Benefit Societies , Trade Societifs , and other parties , having now but a Blender security for their funds , will see , firstly , that when applied as intended they will be better secured ; and that till applied , they will have , as now , full controul over them , under the management of three honourable and upright gentlemen .
Already a nnmber of middle class men , to whom I have , in part , developed my plan , have expressed their determination to take shares , not with a view to becoming farming labourers , but with the donbl * intention of benafiuing the people , and insuring Becnrity for their spare fund ? . Indeed , none but resident working men will be entitled to any portion of land ; while the indispensable necessity of the required number of shop-keepers and trades-people , fo each district , who would have no land , would considerably increase the security of share-holders .
So much of the outlines I now lay before yon , having , in a previous letter , explained , roughly , the machinery by which I propose to carry it out ; because we never must separate the § nestion of politics from social economy . "While npon the subject of that letter , in which I threw out a rude plan of organization , I beg to say that I did so merely to set the mind thinking . I do not intend to say one word more upon
the subject until all who are now in bonds shall hs free , and until the people shall elect a few discreet men according to our principles , to whom , as a national delegation , all plans shall be submitted with a view of agreeing upon improved machinery for out improved position , and of still further strengthening our hands ; and to that body I aiso propose to submit my whole plan for getting possession of a portion of the lakd .
* I am aware of the great risk men run who are ¦ the first to propose any plan for the redemption of i the working classes . I know that those who do '; their utmost to frustrate his bist intentions , are I afterwards the very first to taunt him ; with hb failure . It was so in the case of J those Birmingham deserters , whose professions ' led me to fond expectations ; and which upon such ! foolish pretensions I was foolish enough to express : I and then , when the hope failed throngh their deser' tion and treason , fhey turned ronnd npon me , and j taunted me with leading the people astray : whereas , ' had thet XEHAI 20 ED TBUB , ihe hope would have been i realised , Bnt , my friends , so long as I resolve upen
> holding no-ofBce under the board ; of touching sosb 1 op thjb cash ; and of deriving no benefit btyond that f —to me the greatest in this world—of giving a home ' to the wanderer , clothes to the naked , and protection to the weak and the undefended , I shall still hare your confidence , although my plan 3 may not bear the test of picking , criticism , and searching . If my plans bnt furnish food for contemplation , in their very absnrditiEslhe wise will find matter for discussion and thought ! As in many other instances , the inventor may bear his share of unmerited reproach , yet if the discovery shall ultimately succeed , that success shall be my greatest , my only reward . From the "nrsuit I Tfill not be driven , nor yet turned .
1 The times are ripe for the change ! Circumstances desand the- change 3 Machinery has rendered ihe \ ange necessary ! and if not produced by that power T -ted in your hands , you must proclaim yourselves a - - » n of willing slaTes . ! ! T l - , ~ r sjext I shall go more fully into the details oj ill D ^ ^ P ^ lam , Youi * S ^ j ^ d and faithful servant , Feabgcs O'Cossoa .
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supplied with business for Fome time , it is not likely that an « arJy appearance will be required to deprive men of their liberty who , without recognizances , appear to be leading an honest and industrious life .
Thus you see , while all the work ia left to Mr . Roberts and myself , you take it very quietly ; for we are allowed to proceed upon the pure Malthusian principle—upon " ovr own eesoub . ce 8 . " I never bother you much about funds ; but now I tell you that the time is at hand : and unless you supply them , your friends most eo to gaol ; whereas , if you supply them , we are resolved npon
fighting every inch of ground . The whole amount subscribed , from first to last , for the Special Commission , for tho Lancaster trials , for Cooper ' s , White ' s , for York and all others , with expences occasioned by removing the trial , does not reach £ 700 ;; while I send you the subjoined account of the amount spent by Government in the Special Commission only , and then ask your selves if this is fair : —
" SPECIAL COMMISSION . *• A Statement of Expenses incurred during the late Special Commission , for which tho Bum of £ 15 , 000 is estimated to be required in th « Miscellaneous Estimates , No III . ; distinguishing the amouvt incurred at Stafford , Chester , and Liverpool , for the Expenses of Judges , Fees to Counsel , and Fees to Solicitors , -with the Expenses of Witnesses , and tho number of days the Judges sat at eaoh place . 11 LANCASHIRE ASD CHESHIRE SPECIAL COMMISSIONS .
£ b . d . Judges' expenses ... 372 0 1 Judges' officers 160 17 0 Fees to counsel and olerks , Lancashire 2 , 747 18 3 Ditto Cheshire 1 , 733 2 9 Fees to Solicitors ) Paid on ac- > q nnn n n Expenses of witnesses J count ... | AUUU u u
£ 7 , 013 18 " STAFFOESHISE SPECIAL COMHISSION . £ . S . d . Expenses of Judges 329 10 0 Judges' officers , court fc es , and clerks of a ? size ... 786 2 F « es to counsel and clerks 4 . 091 14 0 Fees to solicitors ( agents ' bills ) ... 2 , 718 12 9 Expenses of witness 1 , 979 17 9 Travelling expenses and hotel expenses of counsel , solicitors , &c , pre ? iously to and at the late special com * mission 138 1 1 Sheriff , undtr-shferiff , and gaoler ... 475 17 0 £ 10 . 515 , 14 8 " Tfcs Judges sat at Chester ... 4 daya . Ditto Liverpool 4 „ Ditto Stafford ... 13 „ " The expenses incurred under the Special Commission , and in prosecution of indictments found under the same , beyoDd the sum of d 15 , 000 , will be defrayed from the snm to be proTided in the present session for ordinary law charges , " •* April 7 . " " G . Mauls . " Now you have read what it cost for twenty-one days persecution , and add to that what we have been called npon to meet , and say have you done your duty 2 I really must implore you to remit , forthwith , to Mr . Cieare , such Bums as can be spared . Yobts , faithfully , Feabgus O'Conkos .
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NEWCASTLE . —Mr- Beesley , the district lecturer lectured in the Haif Moon Inn long room , on Wednesday evening last on the capabilities of the land , and the natural claim of the people to tb » pesB&ssion of that land . Miu Beeslet lectured in the Chartist Hall , Goat Inn , Ciofcb-ttiarket , on Sunday evening , on the impossibility of aay man ( whatever bia professions might bt ?) to act up to tbs principle of pure , practical Christianity without being a thorough-going Cbaitist . i » . was announced that Mr . Kydd , of Glasgow , would lecture in the GhartUt Hill , ntxt Sunday evening , and that Mr . Beeriey would ltctur © in the same place on
Monday evening ; the lecture to commence each even ing at half-past seven o ' clock . The Chartists of Newcastle and Gateshead held their -weekly business meeting on Monday evening , Mr . Wm . Smith in tbb chair . The minitea of the previons meeting having been read and confirmed , Messrs , Smitk and Sinclair were elected to represent t&e CaartistS of Newcastle and Gateshead at the meeting of delegates from tbe counties of Northumberland and Durham to be held in the Chartists" Hall , Goat Inn , Cloth-market , on Sundiy , at one o ' clock in the afternoon , Sutne local bnsinesfhaving been disposed of , and the Newcastle sbare of tbe lecturers * salary ordered to be sent to the district treasurer , the meeting adjourned .
Ix cosseq . vet * ce ef bo me misunderstanding , the Chartist delegate meeting to be aeld in tab Chartists ' Hall , Goat Inn , Cloth-market , on Sunday , the 16 vb ol April , was announced in lastweek ' 8 Star to be he : d at ShlncJiff Hill Top ; "we hope this mistake will not prevent such localities in the coumies-of Northumoerland and Durham as wish to see our principles carried into effect from sending delegates to the meeting in the Goat Inn , on Sunday , at one o ' clock in the afternoon , as bnsinBSS of great importance will be brought before the delegates on that occosion . It is hoped that such localities as cannot eend a delegate will , by letter , atatt ine part they are willing to take in supporting a lecturer for the two connties" district James Sinclair , 25 , High Briace . Newcastle . [ This was not our iuistake—Ed . N . S ]
The fobmatio . n of a co-operative store is actively goJcg on , in connecioa with the Droylesden and Newton Heath Joint Stock Companies . Persens dfcsirons of taking shares axe requested to apply to James Locket , Cavendish-street , Cotton-street , Ashton . South Shields . —Mr . Beesley lectured in South Shields , on Monday night last , upon tbe land , in the large room belonging to the Scarboro '' Spa- The room was well liUed . The lecture occupied two hours in the delivery , and gave the greatest satisfaction . Several persons , at the . close of the lecture , came forward , and joined the Association .
Mi . Bzeslet lectured npon the Sands , by tho sea shore , oh Sunday morning , to a very attentive audience , and gave much satisfaction . Six persons at the close enrolled themselves members of the Association . We are going on gloriously in thin plaoe . ABERDBEV . -Oa Monday evening last , Mr . Ahram Bone&n concluded his lectures in tiriB city ; and , it is but bare justice to say , that he has , on ererj occasion , acquitted himself asong as in a very consistent marmer ; and ia the meantime has been awarded that mark of public approbation which his hooest endeavours to pronote tbe growth of Chartism eo richly deserve .
ASHTOW-tntDER-LYNE . —Mr . T . Clarke , of Stockport , delivered a lecture here on Tuesday , which completely rivetted the attention of the andience . At the conclusion of which he received a rjnsnimous vote of thinks .
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Eiami . NGHAM — The Council of tbe Birmingham Chartists met ^ as usual on Sunday , at tbe Aston-streot Rooms . Mr . Moritt In the chair . The Secretary read over tbe minutes of tha preceding meeting , which were confirmed , after which ifc was resolved that a public out-door meeting should be held oil Easter Monday , to make known to tbe Government the fearful state of public distress tbat now exists throughout the country j utter which Messrs . Newhouse , Mason , Reece and Potts , were elected aa delegates from Birmingham , to the delegate meeting to be beld on Easter Sunday . The amount of the funds brought in shuwed , a Steady increase of tbe funds of the Association , thereby shewing tbat the council still has tbe confidence of the people .
Aston street—On Sanday evening Mr . White addressed a rntabtiug at the above place , in which he cave an account of bia late trial and the misropreaoatations of the press respecting it . Peoples Hall op Science . —A crowded menting of the Chartists of Birmingham \ faa h « ld at tbe Mechanics" Institute , Great Charles Street , in order to Revise fmeana for ihe speedy erection of the above hail for tbe rise of the Cturtiats , and the working classes generally . The buildin ? has remained iu slutu quo for more than a ytar , in consequence of tho -working
classes having no faith in tbe par ties who originated it , hut it is now thrown completely into the bands of tho people , and , judging from the energy and activity displayed by thfc Chartists , there is little doubt bu f that it will soon be completed by , and for the us « of , the real Chwtiats . Oa the above occasion , spirited audre 86 i- » wcry di livered by Messrs . Mason , Mead , O'Noil , and others . The working men present responded nobly to the call , and there is now little doubt that the Chartists of this town will soon have a noble building iu which to propagate their principles .
COVENTRY , —Mr . George White delivered an address In the Association Koom , on Monday evening , to a numerous and respwstuble audience , satisfactorily showing tbat no remedy sxists for tbe present eviis that afflict society , but the People's Charter . EARNSI . EY . —The Chartists of this town held tkeir weekly meeting on Monday night . The subscription boxks to the Defence Fund were audited , and the trearurur waa authorised to send the monies on hand to Mr . Cleave , being the sum of £ 1 14 s . 7 d ., fourteen shillings of which was from the Chartists of Ackwortb , and four shillings from the Chartists ot Cuwtizorne .
HOTTINGHAIW . —The Chartists met at the Democratic Chapel 00 Sunday morning , when it was resolved tbat a tea party do take place in Mr . Bean ' s Rooms , on Easter Monday , and that the twenty-six victims of magisterial oppression , who have been confined in S m'bwell House of Correction for various touns , from two to six months ; -be invited * Tickets eightpence each to be had of Mitchell and Rodgers . LONDON . —The Metropolitan Delegate Mektivg was held on Sunday , Mr . Wheeler in the chair .
hour shillings and eightpenee was received froru the » tar , Golden-lane ; and 3 ^ . from Somerstows . Mr . Salmon reported from the committee appointed to _ : et up the meeting to Mr . Duncorabe . Mr , Simpson reported from the finance committee , and several debts were discharged . On a motion of Mr . Maynard , the secretary was ordered to write to all the . lelegates , requesting their attendance on the ensuing - > unday , to discuss Mr . O'Connor ' s proposal for a new organization : the meeting then adjourned .
Mb . Wheeleb lectured on Sunday evening , at 'he Political Institution , Turuagain-lane , and was highly applauded . ; Messrs . Parjtor , Cowan , and others , briefly addressed tha meeting in support of tho principles put forward by the lecturer . An mimaicd discussion tben took place upon the subject of the " la . ! Hi , " 'in which Mr . Brown , who acted aa chairman , Mr . Carey , and Mr . Rathbone , took part . Lambeth . —A young men ' s locality has been formed hero , in l < eu of the youth's locality , which formerly existed . They have sent us their llfat Of councillors , Which shall appear next week .
Walworth , Surrey . —At the usual weekly meeting , held at the Montpelier Tavern , on Monday , it was proposed by Mr . Dale , seconded by Mr . Allen , and earned unanimously , that our beet tha » ks are due to Mr . Thwnas Dnncombe , for his attendance at Nottingham , in support of tbat threat and glorious principle the People's Charter ; and it is sincerely uoped , individually and collectively , that Mr . Gisborne , the newly elected member for Nottingham , will follow the snmo examplr , in advocating , and strenuously tup ( tor line , right against might and justice against oppression .
Lambeth . —Adi trict meeting ; took place in this locality on Tuesday evening , when the subject of the land and how to obtain it , wad ably discussed , and it waa clearly demonstrated that the working classes have it in their power , by weekly subscriptions , or by carrying on a plan of exclusive dealing to obtain ample mtaiw to enable them to purohase land , build houtss , employ their own members , support sohools for their own children , and cause Chartism to become the practice and law of the laud . It was announced that Mr . Keen would lecture here next Tuesday evening . The General Council residing in Surrey and Kent , met as us > ual oni Sunday last , at the Rotunda . Mr . Tborpe reported from Si , John's and St . Olaby . Mr . O'Connor ' s plan of Organization was discussed , and the meeting adjourned until Sunday next .
South London Locality , Rotunda . —The members met on Monday night . Mr . O'Connor's plan was entered into and ably discussed . The ; meeting adjyurned in consequence of Easter Monday , to the 24 th April , on which nighfc Mr . Martin will lecture . Four new members were enrolled . Chartist Magazine Committee . —This committee hfld its usual weekly meeting at the Craven Head , Drury-i ' ane , on the 81 H nit ., when two now members were added , and favourable reports received from ihe City , Southwark , and Marylebono . After other important business , the meeting acij . urned . Mabyh bone . —At a general meeting of the members oi this locality , a resolution , proposed by Mr . Watkins , was carried by a large majority to the \ ff « t , tbat we xecal out delegates [ com . tha Metropolitan Delegate Meeting .
ECCLHS , near Manchester . —On Monday evening last , a pnbho supper was given at the house of Mr . Cattrall , sign of the Hare and Hounds , to commemorate the liberation of several friends , who had been incarcerated in Kitkdale Gaol , for having taken a prominent part in the' late strike . About seventy persons sat down to an excellent repast , * ana , after doing ample justice to the substan&ials , the tables were removed , aud Mr . David Morrison was called to the chair . Mr . Morrison briefly addressed the meeting , and : then introduced Mr . James Leach , of Manchester , who was received with the mo 3 t marked affection and esteem . When order was restored , Mr . Leach proceeded to address the
meeting in his usual tffoctive manner , and was loudly applauded . Mr . Leach ' s address occupied nearly an hour , and , at the conclusion , a resolution was passed by the meeting , expressive of their determination to re-organise the Association . A gentleman present of the name of Tcmliuson offered a room in his premises for the use of the Association , free of expence . A nnmber of persons tbea came forward , and enrolled their names as members ; and , after a number of recitst'tions and patriotic songs had been given and sung by several gentiemen present , the meeting broke up , highly delighted with the rational and instructive manner JQ which they had spent th « evening .
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MANCHESTER . —CxnpENTERS' Hall —Mr . Jobii West , late of Macclesiield , delivered two lectures in the above Hall , to lar ^ e and respectable audiences . South La ?? cashi » e Delegate Meeting . —The Soath Lancashire delegate mooring was held in the Charcist Room , Brown-streec , Manchester , on Sun day last , when the following delegates were present —Carpenter ' s Hall , Manc ^ esttx , Mr , John Nattall , yir . Wm . Grocott , Mr Wm . Gresiy , Mr . Thomas Siddtey , ' Stockport Youths ' , . Vlr . Win . Brown ; Ratcliffe Bri <^ e , Mr . J . I ^ herwood ; H <* isham Moor , Mr . J . CSasketl ; Ashioniunder Lyne , Mr . J , Swapson ; iRochdale , Mr . Kob ' irt White ; Hollinswood , Mr . James Ashton ; Oldham , Mr . Henry Chappie . Mr . Gre&ty was unanimously called to the chair . The Secretary read the minutes of the last meeting which we re confirmed . The following sums were then paid iu by the delegates present . SOUTH LANCASHIHE LECTURERS FUND . 4 s d Carpenters'Hall ( J 15 0 Stockport Youuia' 0 16 Halah . iw Moor ... ... 0 1 4 Ratoliffe Bridge 0 10 Rochdale ... 0 5 10 £ 14 8 IRISH FU . ND Sto « kport Youths' 0 10 Roohdalo ... ... ... 0 0 4 Ashton-under-Lyne 0 1 0 Oldham 0 10
£ 0 3 4 ^ » F ^• fc ^ CB : fund . Ratcliffo Bridge , per J . Isherwood ... , 0 10 Mr . Nuttall proposed the following resolution : — " That , the Chairman of the ; South Lancashire Council shall have his vote , as a [ delegate , independant of the casting vote as Chairman when the votes are equal . " Mr . Robert White briefly seconded the motion ; which after some little discussion , was carried . Mr . Nuttall moved , ' * That each locality be . supplied with iwo ot the local lecturers' plans , and each lecturer on tbe plan > vith the same number from the county fund . Aud if any of the localities desire a greater number , they muse give their orders to the Secretary before the Splans *> o to the press , &uch plans to be paid for by the localities receiving
thflm , at the price paid for printing . " Mr . Gaakeil seconded che motion , which was carried unanimously . Mr . Grocott move : ! , and Mr . Simpson seconded , " That the levy be discontinued for the next month ; aud that those localities that are in debt to the lecturers' fund , will endeavour to bring in such arrears to the next delegate meeting ! " Carried . Mr . Gas kell then moved , " That an address be drawn up by thi 9 meeting , calling upon those places in the district that have neglected to pond delegates to the County Council to come forward in future and lend m their aid . " Carried . The following persons were constituted a committee to draw up the artiiress : —Messrs . Grocott , Nuttall , aud Dixjon . Tho meeting was then adjourned until Sunday , tbe 30 . h of April , when ihe lecturers , ) h the &ouih Lancashire plan are requested to mbet the delegates at ten o'clock in the forenoon , in the Bruwn-street room .
BHAOFOBD . —On Sunday , the members of the Council met in their room , Butterworth- buildings . The Chartis ' s of Liule Horton paid 6 * lO ^ d contributions ; James-street Is 7 d . s The following resolutions were unanimous l y adopted : " That a Chartist book shop and newspaper jagency bo established , the proceeds to be appropriated 10 forward the Chartif-t cause . " "That the' fort-goiug resolutions be laid before the Chartist 9 r > f each locality , and their opinion be sent to the Council , on Sunday , at two o ' clock in the afternoon . " " Tnat a specal meeting of the Council be held on Sunday next , at two o ' clock in the afkrnoon , aud every mumuer be invited to attend . "
On Sunda y evening , a lecture was delivered in the Council room , on the past and present condition of Ireland , politically and social y . After the lecture several questions wera asked respecting the remedy . Tho lecturer traced th--. evil 3 to class legislation , and contended for the light of every man to enjoy the elective power . The Chartists of Little Horton met in their roam , Piirk-liiia , on Sanday , and uniui ( n <> u *' y resosvtd to recommend to the Courccil the estatxiahing of a Chartist book shop and agency . The Chartists of Jam ^ s-sfreet met on Tuesday evening , when they resolved t > call a .-. pecia ! meeting of the rm-mbors , on Tu < -: «? ay next , on the quesciou of a Chariist book shop .
The Chartists of Bowling Back-Lake met on Sunday in the association romn , jwhen they resolved to take op tbe question of establishing a Chartist book shop and agency . They request a full attendance ou Sunday next , at ten o ' clock in the morning . On Mondat , a public meeting was held in front of the Ovid Follows' nail , convened by req lisition , to take into consideration tbo bill now beiore Parliament for the education of Factory Children , and fixing the hours of labour . Mr ; Titli-y was called to the chair . Mr . Edward Hurley addressed the meeting at considerable length , ; on the argent demand for education , and proposed the following re-Bolution : — " That , in vho opinion of this meeiing , the Bill now before Parliameut for the Education of Children Employed in Factories , is not calculated to give to the rising gmicration a suund practical
education ; but we receive it as a means to extend education amongst the peonl ? , and also believing thit it will be ultimately instrumental in reducing the hours of adult labour to ten hours per day , under the present circum < 3 tunc < s wo red ive the Bill , provided som * of th ^ : olaiiws wvre alter d , such as placing tho election of Trustees in ihc Ratepayers , and extending the time im nine yfjars u > r children te commence ls . hnur in ftiiJ-s , —a-s we conceive it would bo injurious to employ a child at eight years of age . " ftlr . Thomas fobo'son seconded the resolution Mr . H « nry Hodgson moved an amendment , That the whole of the Educational port should be expunged from the Bill . Mr . G . Fletcher seconded tb > amendment . Mr . Ross supported the Bill . The resolucion was carried by a large majority .
The Chartists of the central Ideality met in the Council rooin on Sunday morning , and recommended to tbe members of the Council , that ail persons oocupying thft room dofind I'ght and fird and that the Council do iunn ^ ii no money , for any party except the Chartist body , when meeting on Chartist business . The Chartists of Dai ? y Hill , r . coromend to ChartistB of the district , to take up ihe question of Establishing a Chartist- book shop aad newspaprr , agency , the proceeds to be appropriated 10 the forwarding of the cause of freedom . Thb Chartists of Midolkton Fields met at the house of George Sedgwick , Three Paeons , when they resolved to call a special meeting of the members on Saturday , ( this evening ) , at seven o ' clock , on important business . I
GrliASGrOVr . —( Prom our own Correspondent ) — It is an old saying , and ofti-n a : rue onr , " Murder will out . " Tie attempt to betray the cause of tbe people into the hands of a me' canary faction 19 now placed beyoud su 3 pic on . A rnpetin ^ of the leading men of the Complete Suffraii ' ' parly ! , if they can be called a party , was held a tnw dsvs ago in B ^ lS'd Coffee- ! ouse , for the pnrp'wn 0 * fo rmi" ** " A Free Trade Association . " The m . etiug , such as it wa . * , unanimously agreed that a Five 1 r ; v « t . ' Association should be formed ; and in order in give proper impetus to this mighty obj-ct , it was r * solved that thty should meet on an early uiftht , when ttmy sh . O"Jd have the assistance of Mr . James Aclaud . We
never doubted bat that there w iv some well meaning individuals connected with the Complete Suffrage party , but as to tho renegades who turned their back on the Chartist 1001 ement . we had but one opinion , namely , that they wore Whi # s to the back bone , but professing to be Chartists , fo that they might worm themselves into the ptopk ' o confidence , calculating upon being able , at some convenient period , to turn the tide of popular feei'Djr in favour of their own allies , the dying rump of Whiggery To make mention of the&e tricksters ] in an * public manner is almost waste of time ; but we consider it our duty to naako the above f&ci known to tbe people as proving the oft-expressed opinion ojf ouseives and
other ? , regarding this joint in tbe tail i > f Whiggery . Some of these trimmers appear to have thrown all feelings of honour to the winds . Thin' is evident in the conduct of certain members j of the late "Central Committee for Scotland . " It is well known that the leading ] members of that self-sufficient junta had endeavoured by everything which low cunning could ¦ devise , to cut out for themselves jobs by which they couJd act the gentleman at the expense of a virtuouajbut confiding people , but on finding their schemes not to succeed , they , after having led their treasurer , Mr . G . Ross , into debt , amounting to something more than £ 120 , left tbat gentleman to extricate himself as h « might tbiuk proper , true , they got up a bireo , when
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0 ^ Sturge and S . Crawford wt * . ? in Gh'gow , *'• . '•>• o ^ pd-- of which wore to go t > liq . ii ' me tne t •¦*« debt , but , for reasons best known ti ihe part ) . v 8 Treasurer has never , to the knowledge of Mr . i-. ^ g or tbe public , produced any balance sheet of tht -. ad sniree . We were present along with Mfs rs . i . - ^ s , Moir , and some otrW friends , ac the rut'cting w ; ; : ro the soiree was , oa che motion of Mr . W . C . fan > n , agreed upon , and whicn resolution specially prov ied that the proceeds should go to liquidate thed * . ** - * <> u
the Chartist Circular , due to Mr . R 08 S . Many attended that soiree on account of Mr . Ross , yet Mr Ross knew no more ot that soiree , excepting thai it took place , than does tbe Emporor of Japan ; bufc this is not all At t > it > late Scottish Convent ; > n , held at Glasgow , our countrymen know tbe part these can ters about morality act « d . The " nnpi'imcipled O'Connoritea" were to be pat down , to prove ihesc fellows lovo of morali-y , thoneh they k . sw thatadbbt of flbar £ 2 W ) had be « n contract *?! bj them , and for which tbx'ir treasurer , Mr . G . 1 < " 8 , was bound . Notwithstanding th < -. y having a : Vl id secretary , another person was appointed to a as secretary for the Convention ; th's i ' eilow g «» t : ae minute book of the Central Committee aw » y 10 his own house , to enable him to write the mimif - > at
hisowa convenience . Sometime ago Mr . Ko * :. m tndcavouring to wind up the affairs of the Ct-n '^ al Committee , as a matter of course , found it nece- ^ y to have the minute book ; he accordingly ap ^ i-ud to the person who aoted as secretary tor the Convention , and iu whose possession tbe huok was , fo have it returned , but this pvrson , inste&tf of assisting iu relieving Mr . Ross from his liabiliiios , demanded £ 2 for h ; s trouble in writing them ' iwn , ea of Convention , ( tolerable for three day 6 ) , how .. r < : r ,, Mr . Ross paid the £ 2 ; after which , to insurer a . « tonishmen * , he was told that Wru . Pattison I- id the book . Mr . Ross immediately applied to i ' ainson for it : but , that gentleman , instead of handing tb © book to Mr . R ., coolly told hrm he would uot > rre the book without a written order from Mr . M .
ilcolm ; if he did even then . Comment on sunn c nduct would be superflous . We content ourat > eS with slating the facts , leaving the people to ^ --vr thfir Mvn inference . We have ibqairrd at Mr . Ross ' ts this morning ( Monday ) , and find the : «>» * is not yet returned . For what purpose thn minu' e * of tho ' Central Committee is ihusk' -pt up by p na i >; its mtmbera , we cannot well conceive . Some saj ' ¦ 18 to serve some purpose in the action of * ko ^ ' -ra against Moir , " for defamation of character . T-iia action in said to be pressed by other parties » g . ; i : ial thfl yvi > h of Rodgers . In justice to Mr . John ti ^ dgers , from what we hava hitherto known of him . we are of opinion , that if left to himself , be would i . ti- e * be guilty of such unmanly conduct as he i . s uovr
said to be pur .-uing towards Moir in this a < ion . No- man who knows John Rodgers can bpJuiv-b into to be the author of charging Moir in a libel >< uarnons , with being a member of a physical-foreo i .--o ~ ciation , and a follower of Feargtid O'Connor l { this bo true , there can be but one opinion as to the intent , viz ., an a ; tempt to prejudice the Court at- us * tir . Moir ; but be that as it may , we do au' uix John Rodders as being tho autnor . Tho ia , ; -r ons , botb . Whigs and would-be democrats , arera'i' * at the result of tbe ' -anca ^ ter trials . They i ' ondiv expected that Feargua fihould be # ot rii of os " ; i-at occasion ; and now that he has got all but eletr off they basoly attempt to insinuate away his charar ; , er , declaring tbat be is in league with tiie Government .
In the Glasgow Post , of — March , we nad tin < olorving precious morsel , also is the Paisley Drpa .-tar , and ivhiob , we believe , is from tlie peu ot a Q , i «* . " . T . "At the recent trials at Lancaster Mr . Fe-i ^ ua O'Connor has done more , we conceive , than cx < ed suspicion of his anting for the Tories . He has tn"en good grounds for believing that he has acted in < va « nectioa with the present Government and » f > ir adherent ? . " He then enterad into a history of Mr . O'Connor ' s abuse of the Whigs , and concluded as follows— " In addition to these transactions ? is wortbr of remark , that the whole tenor of Mr , O'Connor ' s opening speech was an euloginm o
import of Mr . O'Connor's speech was to thank he Government for having brought him and 1 : ¦ se arraigued with him to trial . " Now what will ' his canting vprofessor of liberality think , when we fell him that if these trials had taken place in Seoti- < . ;> d , under similar circumstances , the whole of the prisoners would have been dismissed , not by a vti : < ct of the jury , such would not have been asked , bnt by the Judges . Having found that these wicked > nd malicious insinuations , from the pen of John IIei > iJ ? rson , had conveyed false impressions in the abs ^ uca of a thorough knowledge of the ease , to many v « Umpantug minds , we were led to inquire into the > vr of evidence in Scotland , to Bee whether the e •'• <> & room for the insinuations of the repntod Editor of
th ^ Gliisffoie Post , and in the hope that the reani' of our inquiry may be the means of enabling h'ii' to square his actions with his professions , as weil u to save him in future from the hsmility of betraying bis ignorapcB of the criminal laws of his country , we quote ihe foUowing from Allison ' s Practica of Criminal Laws— " If an attempt is made to tutor or tu . atice on a witness in the course of his examination \ or bafore it , the person guilty of such practices 13 h * Aq to nummary trial and punishment . " It is frequently made a question whether a witness mar xefrr to notes or memorandum ;) , made up to assist his memory . On this subj-iot the rule is that notes or me . noranrlutns made bv r-he witness at th * moment , or j ; st after tha fact , miy be lo « ked to , in order to re : V sh
his memory . Gordon KiDt ooh's ca ? e , 29 * h Jl 10 , 17 & 5 . Burnett ( 459 ) ; but if they were made »{ % fc tbe distance ot weeks or months thereafter , and .--ill more , if deno at the recommendation of one of tha parties , they are not admissable . It is aecordii -ly u ? ual to allow wiinf-sses to look to their memorandums , made fit the time , of dates . < fi ? tances , appearances of dead bodies , lists of stolen goods , or he like , before emitting his testimony—or even to read Puch notes to the jury as his evidencf , hn having first sworn that they were made at the time , and faithfully done . With the exception , howevej , of such memorandums , a witness is not permitted to refer a written paper as containing his depositions , f <> r that would annihilate the whole advautogrs of
parole evidence , and « it > a vece examination , * nd convert jury trials into a mere consideration of written frvidrnce . Page 550—If any atteaip * . ia made to tutor or practice on a witness in the course of his examination , or before it , the person guilty of ptieh practices is liable to summary trial and punishment . Thus a female was sent to jail for privately whispering to- a witness in conrge of a trial — Wm . Smjth , « ih July , 1714 . " It is a general iale in the law of Scotland that the witnesses shoulo ba p xamiued separately . It is founded on the imp « -rtanoe ot ba vine the story of each witness fresh in his owa recoli < rcti- > n , un mingled with the impressions received from hearing the deposition ? of others in the same case ; and , although it is impossible to revent ? iv
p cot » r « iations between them , yet the ex ^ Senwof this comp .-rativelv inconsiderable evil , wi > : oh cannot be avoided , is jusrly considered as ho rea .-on for voluntarily incurring a ertater at the v ^ ry moment of trial , it i . « impossible that a person who hears the evidence at a tr ;» l can avoid taking up an itnprePMon one way or other , as to the facts which it involves ; and , if the wi ' nesses are to be cal ' ed late in tho day , have heard important evide 100 from those who have gone before them , it is not in human nature , that they should not give nure deaided le ^ imony , one way or the other , than they would have douo if their raiuds had been unbiased by ev-rything cxepptwa what they themselves had witnessed , and it is hoped when other parts of
our insiitutions are swjpt away in the growing passion for innovation , th's at least will be allo « ori to remain a monument of the wisdom and humanity of the Scottish l * giRlat . a' -e . Lot Prorost Henderson » ud those oroalrers who are base enough to insinuate that ' * Feargua O '<' onnor has given good grounds for believing that he is acting in connection wiih the present Governmpuf and its political adherents , " coatrast the » bov <> , a « the foundation of the law of evidence in Scocla'id , wirfe the manner in which witurs-ses w » re tuun-ed ami practised on at and previous to th »; late trial s ; Lancaster , and try if they can point to a r . mj / le t \ et , and say " Here is proof that tearnu ^ O'Connor w acting in connectijn with the present G < 'Ver ! ifne (! t . " No , no , thoy will not uoderh ake tho task ; it buiis their purpose much better to j « al ir . Kt ; neraH ( . i {« , and say to their dupes , " Fearuus O'Connor » s actu : e svith the Tories . " Tho fellows
»»* ihfty jib w , en they ? ay so . Trial by Jury was itle sn « ri of j . - m-.-f' ; f arce at Lancaiter ; the witr < -s& ! wfre tutor , d and practised on ; th" depolittid taken M \ mv th « magistrates wen > r'ad t 9 K-na in pri-.-: net ; uf nacih other , and that « a the lorniiiK bt < nrfs tfjry w , re . examined , which , nccord-H to ihe ) a-v of Sc .. ; land , converted the " H-. ti int * mere consideration of written evidence" Wo bavo \ us ta b > i-fly as po-.-io ! e olac * : d ihe unfoundrd aocuitions ot ttifc Glasgow Post side by side with tho kws of Scotland , as regards trial by jury , and ae-> rdinij to th <> a ^ ove iaw , as laid down by thafc rnament to Scottish jurisprudence , ProfessoT rinme , uruetr , Allison , ano others . We challenge John lendersod , or any other to show why Mr . O'Connor nd Ins fellow prisoner should not htve been dis-\ rneO . by the Judge in consequence of the manner i which me witnesses had becu tutored and Dracsed . on . " e
The DntEcroBs of the Glasgow Charter Atsooia-; ton met on Friday evening for the transaction , of ; heir ordinary business . At the close of the busiie 8 e , Mr . J . Colquhoua moved tbat a special meeting > f the directors be held on Monday evenirje , the I 7 'h instant , to take into consideration the propriety > f getting up a social meeting oa the evening of th « third Monday in May , being the anniversary of the aay i 21 . it May ) on which tbo People ' s Charter waa first publicly proclaimed on tho Green of Glasgow Mr . Ross asked whether Mr . Colquhoan intended that any of our friends from a distance shoald be invited ! Mr . C . said he should be happy to see Mr . Hill , Editor of the Northern Star , and Messrs . Duncombe and O'Connor at their meeting , which ha hoped would be a soiree on a splendid scaie . Messrs . Smith , Brown , and others , expressed their warm acquiescence in ihe proposition , after which the reso * lution was unanimously agreed ; o .
J0 The Producers Of Wealth, And All Those Who Live By Indtjstby On The Land.
j 0 THE PRODUCERS OF WEALTH , AND ALL THOSE WHO LIVE BY INDTJSTBY ON THE LAND .
Cijarttgt Qtitelxigcence.
Cijarttgt QtitelXigcence .
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I ^^ -u r ., ^^^^ fc . .... ,- . nr -l -1 _ - I TO HY BRO TffiER " CONSPIRATORS . - ' Mr Esnans ,- * . ^ - Robfirts h now ^ houring hard to pnt qui affa ^» to a P ^ P tioD ' bnt » doubtless , the poor fell . ™ who lava been ^ nvicted will expeet me to repwt » W » " . I «* J a « « J » tbat if the Aitonej . Gen * ^ ^ f ° ds * ° * " * % * the parties aptojn ^ emeBt , » aeient noUcewiU be giT ^ Sftem on Tegturin ^ the . ^^ 1 ^^^ £ the QW * Beach , when w . < & *» \™ « « PP «» - j ™ itjtf » 0 TOg , * 3 TOB baIlb « adF ^ d ^ in ^ reBt j Jonei ' s case is occupyiag a great d , ^ « J ° ? * Iteafion , but it would aot be prudent to - ' ^ , ^ manner in vrbieh ve hope to fcaTfl it re ^ ^ penea or
re-considered . I suppose aboat nice days notice will be tf " " 6 ? : * the dcfendaalB ; bnt as the Court appears to be i > u' 7
Verbatim Report Of The Chartist Trials At Lancaster.
VERBATIM REPORT OF THE CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER .
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Y 0 L > YI . HO . 283 . SATURDAY , APRIL 15 , 1843 , ^ SJ ^ p ^ r
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—^^ V — y ^ — « AM ) LEEDS GENERAL ADVERTISER .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 15, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct646/page/1/
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