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REPEAL AND ! EHE CHABTEB . jbe ^ bannera are waving o ' er tower and steeple , And freedom calls load on her sons to engage ; 52 ib j lonoas ' strnggle 1 s iidw for the people , And tyrants must yield to tie light of the age . jbs sobs of Bibemia are isady for battle , ¦ WI tb spirits iMpending to liberty * call , ¦ jyio , rather than they -frill be treated like cattle , Are determinaa to conquer , or gloriously f&lL « rfom Britons airaie 1 and xesisl &D coercion , Ot the storm -will descend -onyonr ciuldren and yoaJ "Wlwioesiotiaaember fts hloeay aispersion , Ib eighteen awl Trnfl **™ of famed PeterJoo ? in one "voice of thunder in favour . of Erin , Speak death to the slaveswho shall dare to assail A . peaceable nation , "who are hut preparing To leesai their lostBghta by an Aet of Repeal
"Wlaiaaenfiee 3 * too greafclor ihe blessings That man * hri ^ enjoy when his freedom Is iron ? 27 o store shall an army or hireling assassins Bide orcr the people , and trample them down . Then Britons arise ? an this nofeJe occasion , AndyoBx ^ ttaee-Willie echoed from erery shore , By the labouring millioiifl of 67 ery iiation , TFh £ > , HkBTOTC » r 8 dBtenainfid their rights to restore . And , ahonH they refuse both Repeal aid the Charter , Shall we haul down onr Sag , ana abandon the cause ? 2 ? o , rather march on to the enemy ' s qnarter ,
Boniest till bosh objects are part of our laws . Ihe few o ' er toe many -wBloasa their dominion , W = nen thsinany unite , and xesolTe to be free . ITosnny can trample down pnblic opinion ; TaeTictayi-son-when the people decree 2 Axian Datespost . Jnlj 24 th , 1813 .
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SO 2 TG . Up—up with-onr flag ; shall onr courage be shown In tie cause of oar grants , and sot in onr own ? Saall tto more , trer first , onfhediessboara of fame , Io be haatBr-d like p&wns while we ' re winning the gain *; TEhe -rictora sad Tict 3 ms , for profligate lords , 2 oo « ft ma strife that diahononrd oar swords ; Yet , jhrinki rom the coinhat , for a ] farand hearth , In the home of onr ares—the green land of out birth ? 35 s maitatitral right—if -we haroieen snbdned—3 d arm us agrcrn , -vhsa oat Etrengtii ia reneWd—If onr sires hareieen plundered , Jusnlted , disgrae'd , Shall the national landmarks he neTer replaced ? If tie pitiful gleanings of hononr ana wealth Have been gatber * d in mlence , and almost by stealth , Shall onr conntry ^ besMD the br oad MeM that «* sow "With glory ana gold—to be reap' d by He foe ?
We snftarVI in patience—taB patience became , . ISSe the snow ionsd S&&c » ler « f mountainous flame ; Tet complaints , like the smoke which could not be « - prera'd ,-ShoWdtfce smonia'ring fce ^ tai at wjori in onr breast : And what did onr tyrants to soathe discontent ? Whj , 1 hej added new ittsult and tcixmg io resent . Ana now let them look for the lava to wreathe The-ri llas and-nneyards they planted beneath . 3 te worm Jar Hie earth , and the eagle for air , Have » pow * r ana a purpose consign'd to their care ; And -man—whether dwelling in-castles , or cells , Has a powVfor-tbe good of the land where he dwells . - Sbafl we give up" for ever that power—so long Torn from us—tarriVI on u—byiapine and wrong ? Ifo— -no : 'twere a crime , that could aat be forgiVn—A breach of ^ tbe trust delegated by Sssfa .
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A PHlCUCiX WOBS f » THB MaS-AGOIEST OF SHALL Farms 5 bt Peabgtjs O * Cossoa . Kos . 1 and LL Irondoto , QeaTe ; Manchester , Hejrrood ; iecda , Hobsoii . At last "sreivrea WgA calculated to ieach even sn ignorant mannfactioiog operaxiTe , " how to use Hie land . 77 There hare been plenty of farmingbooks ; plenty of instructions f ° plenty of ** theory " beforeame but here ire have a "wori calculated for riucncE . It is etidently the prodnciion of one who
knows what it is he is -writing about . The coniiciion is at onee ^ inTolniitanly forced upon the mind on Te&dinft the Work , that the writer is a man of practical experience ; that he is intimate with all the details of the question on which he treats . The style is also unaffectedly plain and dear . There is bd donbt as to-what is meant by what 13 said . It is understandable . 2 ? o flights of fancy ; no soaring in the regions of imagination ; no "flower "; no * poetry " " ; bni plain , simple , intelligible rules Jot practice .
The Work is also most oppoziose . It is note that it is -wanted . A oic , that "ihe land" is being turnedtit , as a remedy for national distress , brought on by high-taxation , stock-jobbing , paper-banking , and jzjanofactsrjng speculation ; note , that the Land " is adTocated on eTery . ade ; awr , thai allotments " are beiiigmade tut every hand ; si&w , that the irorking-clasBes are . beginning to employ their club . atojriKs in the purchase of XAnd , and cnltiraie it for ihem 3 elTe 333 Hr » r , thai the-working-people generally are talking of a I ? atiosai . Lasd Bxsefit Soclett , and of a I / egal Scheme for a Practical Expkeihest rpos ihe Laxd : it is now , irhen an alffiost nniTersal desire is manifested to get hold of the land it is note , nnder snch circnmsiances , that £ hi 3 -work , iiiae ^ makes its appearance , to instruct all what io do with the Land when they get it .
Trom meh a Work it Is difficult , as will he at once apparent , to select an extract for the mere newspaper Trader . To give an accuraio idea of the nature and scope of such » Work , Tegnires the Work itself ; particularly when it happens , as in this instance , that there is nothing extraneous to the qnesdoDjbnl all ^ germane 4 o iheanairex . " ^ Farming operations are tctj ^ Terofied'i and yel they so hang one to another 5 have such an intimate connection wkh , and dependence on , each other , that it is impossible to select one as adapted to give a general idea of the whole . So of the chapters in this Book , treating , as flaose cbapiers do , of ihe sereral farming ¦ operations in sxeeeBsrca and consecntiTe order . We shall , howerer give the ehapter
datetes ; for it is calculated to impart some useful information to many who keep , or who may desare to ieep , ** a cow , * aid who may be ^ nnable , or nnwiffing , to " buy thr ioak . " It -will , too , gire some sort of an idea © fthe natore of IJjb Work itself , and of the manner i in which the taik of the author is being fulfilled ^ Here is the chapter just named : — i " Hsring now disposed of my snSject as far as relates , to -sraste lands , large farms , rents , horse labour , spade j fcnsbsnfijry , sna Bjauurt * , I Bball procsed to discoBS the gnestion offennii ^ , treating of each branch under Its ] ownprcpex head ; fintly , in order to lead my readers te j aisowledgeofthemost profitable application of the ; seYeral crops ^ and I shall then treat of the mode of producing those seTecal crops , and compare their rela ^ i tire r eturns for the amount of labour expended in their j
• Tbe cow fiien , bong an xnoispenatble ta a mother in labour , "to a chaa in arms , to tne infant growing , to the adult in prowas of Jormstaon , to the labourer at ¦ work , and to the aged in declining life , I treat of this domestic animal firstly . I t > ity the man who has not a cow . and who is obliged to want till driven by sickness to the necessity of Bending to a neighbour ior a halfpenny « x pennyworth of the most Trtiolesome , the most nutritions , and fllfi most ^ ratefnl beverage . It is a melancholy thing to see an able ana willing workman lednced to Qib necessity of feeding his little children ¦ nptm nnwfcolesamB slops , as a aubstitate for that , of have abundance
Which , had he fair play , heconld an . ITolabonringanan can say that he is as hs ongbt to be She iB Bat possessed of a cowj ana it is because 1 projmse that a sufficient stock of that useful animal should constitute the staple of Sib smallianner ' s Teliaace , that Imakeii-e cow my Sat « , nside » tkra . 1 propose , that every man occupying fonr acres of l ^ jf ^ * f tfflssesBea of fonr cowaas aemain stock : m ^ hurestabhshm ^ As , howeTer , I shall enter minutely into the mode of treating the cow , » ^ eBBS ^ ™ ! S ' enlation as to the retnrn to be uxpecied from I ***} ment , I shall aiow proceed , undEr my present head , to treat the subject generzlly . _ _ ^ _ _ . __ hub Bluy
• ThaTe derlred my knowledge upon « v from practical experience , haTing act only l ^^ py myself , but , fxom the arcumstance of Imngrtpwsoa juSafion , who , for many years & ^ ' *** g dabyof from thirty to fifty cowsa « reat ^ W »^™ process of managing which I paW the rery greatest ! ££ d < m , ana-wbieh be has brought to X »* rP « fee ' lESSSSi ^ ofljer peaon that I inow of . Indeed , aa any digression which will serre my purpose Sn ^^ Sd by «» »«« , I » ay ^ state , wbaTspealdng of that genUemen , ti » feet fiashe has gone farmer in sstabliahing Jw jf" <*» plDtof gromia toa » working 3 nan , 4 hanaTl tb ^ landloras Bifidtn in existence . ^ He « « ™^ JJWinded proprietor , ana the bat ^^ J *** * £ & *? . Iserc ^ xme of bis leases be jnsats aconffifim ; that the farmer « haH allow eTery labonrer he totim . * . Tnn * land rent free , a house of afipnlatea
* & * && * , and always ieptlnproper Kpair ; » naj » Raft ** this plan is , that the labourers of £ * £ »** £ « od their faafflies are m c » mfortable u ibe tenanto Steoserrea . " _ . k « der to mate prolt of a ^ airy , the ^ f ^^* *** jt hiTea snffidfint Mmberof cowatoHjakeja eertain Swaaliy rf butter , say , a firkin , or about « x ^ ***»« » aearlyaspossible , atone chnnnng ; anS this isone fa * Teascns why I UaTe thought J ^ P »^ f ^? fcort owsto each Bmall farmer . It is impo « sib > that f D eraHxany on the trade © T sefflng jww mfflk and ** -tahfj tma , tberefore , ia irpeatog oia « g > 4 * nst slwsys be treated as a manufactory for flxe ? ? J B-* 'market , rather fiian as a meant of supplyjagtoe * rtaademana . In many parts fif Ireland , the aystem of fc ^ ianaisearrlea on by the asme fanner cnlmat-^ ettEnaTely , snaalsoieep teg * 4 airy . Tois ^ ystem « prac&ed fa isany parts of Eugland a » "well , to a
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most ruinous extent , and , from calculations made from such sources , no fair conclusions as to the profits of a dairy can be arriv ed at . From twenty-two to thirty cows , according to the siz 9 of the farm , in general constitute the dairy . These animals are kept upon the . lands , let out to » Bt , not half fed , and , being perished ana -starred In winter , just when they require attention and care , the cost of renewing the stock is exces-. srre , -whne tbeir produce , besides being poor in quality , does not amonnt to one-DAlf the quantity -which the rame number of cowa , if properly fed and attended to , * wouia produce . And yet » dairy of this kind ] is the principal lel ^ ance of the f armers fe > r paying their May rent . An Irish farmer generally pays his November rent from tie sale of lus harvest ; and he pays hia May
tent by lairing money upon Qie' supposed produce of his dairy for / the coming half year * by obtaining money at the rate of forty , fifty , sixty , and even seventy-two per . cent from the butter merchant , to whom he Is in the habit of selling his produce . T £ wonld not , thtni be fair to make wholesale calculations upon so imperfect a system ; while , there being no retail market for milk and bntterin the eenntry districts in Ireland , those who cannet afford to keep a sufficient number of fowstp make the quantity required for the wholesale ' market at once , must be mined . Xefc me explain this ] to yon familiarly- If a poor man Iras two or three cows badly fed , he will expect te make somewheze abont ninetyax pounds weight of butter * under each cowf in the season . He attempts to make a firkin , or sixty pounds , for the wholesale market j ana whica ,, if made at once , would sell as first quality , and fetch , say £ 2 5 s . or at
the late of £ 4 10 s . per cwt ; whereas , it will take hia six or seven weeks to make the required amonnt , adding seven or eight pounds at a chnminf to-the stock , -which , when read y for sale , has as many colours as a rainbow , and as many different smells as a farm yard ; and , when he takes it to market , instead of getting first quality price , or £ 4 10 s . the cwt , it is borea , amelled , and tasted , and branded as a ' bishop , ' a title given to butter which does not merit that of 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th , or 5 ih quality , and which are the several classes that that article is sold under . Por this . he win receive about fifteen shillings ; or at the rate of ; £ l 10 s . the cwt . instead of £ 2 5 s ., or at tbe rate of £ 4 JOs . per ewtj the price of first quality . Thus , fer want of a retail market , and not having a sufficient number of cows to make the required quantity for the wholesale market , he loses two-thirds of the price of the article .
" 1 shall now lay down some practical rules for the management of a dairy . Tbe cow being the first requisite ia the establishment , I shall describe what she ought to be , and how she snonld be treated . There are as many opinions as to tbe cow most preferable as there are different breeds : 1 shall , therefore , state the qnalites for which they are respectively preferred , and leave the reader to his choice . "The Ayrshire is now coming into very extensive use in all descriptions of farms , wnether light ox heavy ; tbeir recommendation being ~ theirbeauty , and that they thrive better t ^ van most other breeds upon light soa and scanty fodder . Tbeir milk , however , ia not to be compared to many others , eitbBr for quantity
or quality ; to the Hereford for quantity , orf to the Devon or Aldemey for quality , or to the common Irish or Eaglish cow for either one or the other . This breed has been pushed of late years amongt some farmers who would be better without them , especially by the Duke of Devonshire and his friends , more I presnxne , from the state of perfection that they have been brought to by those gentlemen upon their rich domains , than from the intrinsic merit of the animaL The Ayrshire , however , is s good cow for a large dairyman , as she has that property much prizsd by them , viz ., if she misses for milk , she will turn eut well for the butcher , a consideration , however , which never should weigh with a man having only three or four cows .
" The - white-faced Hereford , is , perhaps , generally Speaking , the most milch , and has the property of fat ting at an earlier age than any other breed . I p a ; be allowed to state my ewn preference , ana I certainly give it to the Hereford , above all others . I have had a dairy exclusively of Hereford cows ; and they averaged over twenty-four quarts of milch a-day , three or four of them giving as much as sixteen quarts at a meal , and of average richness ; richer , 1 thinfe . than the Ayrshire , but sot so rich as the Devon or Aldemey , or the common Irish or English . They require good keep , and wDl give gocd produce in return ; and I have found
them of all breeds the most gentle . There jis one peculiarity , however , belonging to the Hereford , and from want of a knowledge of -which I lost three of the very best of my cows when I first got them . It is this : if they make a very large show about three weeks or a month before calving , they should be moderately milietL , otherwise the teat becomes diseased and it is impossible to bring theza to their arilfc after calving . In fact , they cant give a drop , as the pipe is Btopped up , I presume from tbe milk which ought to have been drawn first corrupting , and then turning to s hard lump . 1 have tried to recover this neglect by putting the calf to them , bnt all to no purpose .
"The Devon surpasses all others in the richness of her sulk , tra ! ia far inferior to almost any other in quantity . " The common Irish cow can scarcely be surpassed in value . Some of them will give from twelve to fifteen quarts at a meal , upon keep far inferior to what any other breed requires , while for richness her milk is mnch beyond the average quality . " The abort-horned is a breed coming into extensive use , and I am sure I can't tell -why , if it is not that tbeir s < zs renders them valuable to the grazier , after they shall nave served their time at the dairy . ;
" Tbsre Is another breed which deserves notice , the thorough brad Scotch , generally of a black and white colour , large , of beautilnl symmetry , - with bead resembling a buck , fiat in the forehead , and very , pretty small boms . I know ot no now snperior to a thprongb bred Scotch cow ; bnt 1 regret to say that they have become -very scarce of late years , the Ayrshire baying supplied their place . " There is another breed alro that deserves mention ; I mean tbe little black Galloways that are to be found in tbe southern counties of Scotland . I have » great
fancy for this breed , which I wonld distinguish , by the name of tfee poor man ' s cow . They are very small , of beautiful symmetry , and have » o horns , which , | in my opinion , is an advantage not to be overlooked . Tbe owners tell you that they would iire upon tfee ? road ; which is a mere figurative mode of telling yon that they will live upon the most spare keep , They give T&ry good Tnill ^ in some cases as much as quarts at a meal , or twenty quarts a-day , are easily ; fatted when dry , and will live certainly upon one-half of what a Hereford , Ayrshire , or short-horned caw would
consume . " The common English , like the . common Irish , when good , in my opinion surpasses most others in this climate , ana as a native of the soil is , perhaps , the best suited to the country . ; " The next direction , then , that I snail give to the farmer is , how to choose his cow at a fair . He should look well about him , and make up his mind not to be captivated hy the firs * that takes his fancy , always bearing in mind that , if taken in , his first IoesUb the least , as a bad cow will entail a &ily injury upon him . The head , then , should be well looked at ; it should be fine anfl rather fiat than round in the
forebead , a »« onBtenance mfld ard gentle , the hem ism all , and of a rich creamy colour , -well set , and not cocking ; the seek fine , thin at the mane , and a fall of loose flesh underneath running towards the breast ; tbe tall aDd limbs should be fine , the hind qnarter wide , with a good space between the hind legs , and the ndder spreading up toward * the chest rather than hanging down between the legB ; the teats , instead of hanging down , ahonia project , pointing as it were towarfls the fore-legSj great attention being paid to the size of the two back teats which are never milked , a cow usually having six teats . I have seldom seen a cow of this form that had not the two back teats unnsnally
large . •• I have now spoken of a cow ready for milking , and "Srifcb the presnmpjion that no man "wonld be mad enough to buy a cow that has been stocked for sale , tf » . \ ib , a cow ¦ which has not been milked for , perhaps , twenty-four hours ; a system as foolish as it is . cruel , and the practice of -which has destroyed many : » fine animal , and has injured many an ignorant man . It -will be a long time before a cow that has been driven some-distanca with a bursting udder can be brought to herself , while she seldom thoroughly recovers for the season ; sod , therefore , noue bat the bopdesBly . ignorant tan be injured by this cruel practice . 1 have freqnf-ntly felt inclined to punish the o-wncr of -a cow that 1 have seen in the situation that 1 dtsoribe . I believe that under Mr . Martin ' s Act I should succeed , ¦ while , I am sure , the ruffian would deserve tbe punishment . ;
}' . " If the farmer Ib wise , be will prefer a thrae y * ar old heifer springing , that Is , about to « &lvo , to any other , and for this reason ; because sho could not have been previously injured 01 sold for any fault j » t » ct In 999 instsneasin every 1 , 000 , » civw , if properly VTcatnrt from the commencement , will turn out well . Too same directions that I have laid down tottogulating the choice of a cow will also apply to tbe heifer . If , however , the fann * r should prefer a cow that has calved , J wonld recommend him to oi ?» erve the following directions . Suppose be fancies a cow , for -which he ia asked £ 12 , let him then ask -what milk ¦
she gives ; and if the ewner f ays twelve quarts at a meal with good feed , let thB purchaser say , then I'll place the whole amount in the b ands of a mutual friend ; I'D put the cow on goed keep , and you shall name any day ¦ within eight as the trial day to comeana see her milked , and if she gives the promised quantity you shall have fi » e money- This is what ib catted * engaging ajcow , ' a praetacainvariably actea upon by dairymen in Ireland , and found very beneficial . If the seller refuses this offer , let the fanner turn upon his beel and leave him , as the cow is sure to bare some defect . So much for the purchase of » dairy « ow . {
" let as now consider her treatment , which , for the TOeaent . I shall confine to her management , m hereafter I shall lay flown rules forf « edtag her , Knppoaing merely S ^ 'TSSSSEKrSfflKES sissJSfisnfflJSSSS wmmsm £ duce tte cow to Hck ii © Tet more greedily , and will
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have tbe effect of making her « clean' more speedily . As soon as she ' deans , ' that is , as soon as she throws off the calf bag , it should be instantly taken from" her , and buried , as otherwise she will be sine t » * at It , and probably suffer great injury . I am aware that a difference of opinion exists upon this point , many believing that the cleansing * , if ^ aten by the cow , operates as a medicine . It is so asserted in . the second volume of an admirable work entitled 'British Hasbandry , ' publlaaed under the superintendence of Ihe Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge ; a book unequalled , in my humble opinion , by any other that has ever been written upon the subject of agriculture ; oneindeed which should constitute an indispensifele portion of the property of every man possessed *> f any quantity df ground from a
rood to any amount , and to its extensive circulation I attach the greatest importance . I should feel extreme delicacy in expressing any difference of opinion with the writer of this work . ; but as , upon the point in question , there is a variance between tbe text and a note upon the same subject , I incline to thatof the note . In the text it is recommended to allow the cleansing to remain with the cow , as the eating of it will ' amuse' her ; but in the note the writer gives directions as to the proper medicine to be administered in the event of this ' amusement ' makingthe cow sick . It is , therefore , because I consider prevention better than cure , and because t&e amusement may be purchased at tke expenoe of tbe cow ' s life , that I recommend tbe cleansing to be taken
away as soon as she relieves herself ef it The calf should then be taken from her , ana never , under any circumstances , should it be allowed to suck her ; as in such case , she will frequently refuse to give her milk to the hand , while there would always be much trouble in inducing her in the outset after the calf bas been let to her . Tbe cow should get waim drinka , bran and water , or meal and water , with the cold jast taken off and a little salt mixed in it , for three or four dsys after calving ; and if the calf is to be reared or vealed , it should be kept out bf hearing . In about nine days , the cow will come to her full milk . And now I will lay down rules for milking which never should be departed from . :
" The usual practice ia to milk cowa twice a-aay , whereas I would strongly recommend the plan of milking three times a-day , at five in the morning , one at noon , and nine in the evening ; thuB leaving eight hours between each meaL | By following this plan , I will venture to say that a cow will give one-fourth more milk than if only milked twice a-day . If a good cow is well fed , she will begin to drop her milk at least two hours before the time when sho iB usually milked . If the milk is taken from her by the calf , it will keep tugging at her nine or ten times a-day ; asd , therefore , it appears contrary to the rules of nature that she should be
allowed to go twelve hours without milking . I assign a lapse ef eight hours between each milking because I feel convinced that in that peried she would gather a full meal of milk . It is of all things necessary that a csw should be treated with the greatest gentleness , as much depends upon temper , a-which can be made for the animal by those entrusted with her management Speak kindly to a cowypat her , and scratch her , before you Bit under her , and she will give every drop of her milk freely : on the other band , scold her , and kick her about the bind legs—a very usual practice of milkmen to bring other men ' s cows into a convenient positionand the odds are , either that she upsets the milk , or refuses to giveit all . > For these reasons I wonld recommend tbe small famer always to allow his wife or daughter to perform the operation of milking . Cows ,
when properly treated , are very gentle animals , and always prefer being milked by those to whom they are accustomed . Before- the woman begins to milk , she should wash the whole ndder and teats well over with cold spring water , and tben dry it From constant habit she will soon learn how much milk the cow giTea ; and when she has taken within a pint of the whole , she should milk that last pint into a sepa * ratevess ;!; it is called the strippings , and is twice as rich as any other portion of the milk , and perhaps three times as rich as the first pint drawn from the cow : that is , the pint of strippingB will yield more cream or butter thani the three pints first drawn from the cow . Great care should be taken to milk the cow as clean as possible } in fact , not leaving a drop With her ; and immediately after she is milked she should be fed .
" If the milk is to be uBed for making butter , the greatest attention must be paid to the cleanliness of the vessels in tbe first instance , and to the mode of keeping the cream and making the butter . The vessels should be all of wood , and ; Well scoured with hay and fine sand , or gravel and hot water , and afterwards well rinsed out with cold water , and placed in tbe air'to dry , before the milk Hb Btrained Into them . The milk may be set in summer for twenty-four bours , and then skimmed , and the cream thrown into a clean crock , which is preferable ip wood for keeping cream ; while wood ib preferable to ; earthenware for making the milk
yield its cream . The ; shippings taken from the cowb may be thrown at once into tbe cream-crock , and great care should be taken to stir the cream upon each addition made to it ; a peeled willow-sUck being preferred by old hands for this purpose , while I would much prefer the clean hand and arm of a dairymaid , which can sweep round the edges better than any stick . In winter , the milk may stand for forty-eight bents , all tbe same rules being observed that I have laid down for summer treatment In summer , the cream should be churned twice a - week ; in winter , once a week . And , now , in order that all tbe trouble should not go for nothing , I will lay down rules for making butter .
" As soon as your butter is thoroughly churned , all the buttermilk must be let off ; of let-which the b&Trelchurn should be whisked round rapidly , a little cold ¦ water bmvLag . bean , ponrad in . . This will purge the butter of a great portion of ih « bufteimftt ; The butter should then be taken out of tbecbnrn , and taken up in larce lumps , and Well clapped against the bottom of a large -wooden keeler , and , being well opened With the fingers , tbe keeler should be filled with spring water , and tbe dairymaid should knead the butter juat as b baker kneads his dough , changing the water as long as it has any tinge of milk ; and when tbe water comes off clean , then the butter , when thoroughly discharged of the water by another good clapping , is ready for the salt , which may be added in the
proportion of abont an ounce and a half to the pound of butter . The salt should be common marine salt , and should be well ponnded , and made as fine as possible ; and , when thoroughly worked , the butter may be placed in the firkin , packing it as firmly as possible , care being taken io selecti your vessel , if for the wholesale maiket , of the siza most suitable to the meanB of filling it as speedily as possible ; that is , the man who bas four cows should prefer the keg which will hold SOlbs . te tbe firkin that contains 601 bs . A good cow , such as I have deEcribea , well fed and properly managed , will yield 2 cwt of butterjln the season , which may be said to last from May to December , both inclusive ; of course , she will begin to fall eff after she has been served in August , but I will take that time as an average .
Foar cows , then , will make 8 cwt of butter in the season , or 1 cwt in each month ; a firkin , or half a cwt in each fortnight ; or a keg , or quarter of a cwt in each week . If the farmer , having : four cows , churns twice a-week , then he will fill a keg at two churnings , and will always be sure of first-quality price for his bntter . As butter , hWerer , ia a very ticklish thing , the butter-taster and the butter-Bmeller discovering the slightest imperfection , great care must be taken in preparing it fnr bis Inspection . I will suppose a woman te have churned fifteen pounds of butter , or half a keg on Wednesday , and tbe butter to have been packed in the bottom of the keg as before recommended . When she xsbnrns again on Saturday , and after that day's produce na 8 been salted , I would
recommend her to take the fifteen pounds made on the Wednesday , anal mix the produce of both churnin ga right well up together , and theu pack ail up in a clean keg , when it will be just as good , and of equal quality , as if made at one churning . Tbe bulter should be then kept in a cool place , a little fine salt being , shaken otct the top , and , if the weather is very not . the keg may be placed standing in a keeltr of water I have thought It necessary to be very explicit under this head for the reasons that I Btated in the outset , namely , that I propose making tbe small farmer ' s dairy of four cows tie staple of hia estaWishrofiDt , and bis greatest source of emolument , and , therefore , the want of knowledge , or the want of management , would considerably injure him in this moBt vital point ; while
the acquirement of the one and the observance of the other , would constitute his greatest pleasure and greatest profit I must make one observation in concluding under thiB head ; it is this ; ttiat the cow is to be fed in the house throughout every day in tbe year , and never to be pastured in tbe field ; while I must also observe that ¦ be should be driven ; morning and evening each day Into a yard or enclosed place where she could stretch her legs , and receive some fresh air . The bouse should bo well ventilated , and she should never be tied by the Load , or otherwise restrained , for good and eufflolent rt'Mons which I shall state hereafter . In winter , cow likes warmth , and can hava it better in the bonta tban under a hedge . In summer , she dislikes the sun and the gadfly , and can be defended against both better In the house thau in the field . I dare say there are few who have not seen a set of heavy milch cows with ten hours' stock of milk in their udders ,
galloping -with cocked tails ortr tbe country , to the great injnry of the . : srmual Itself , and to the still greater injury of her milk . A cow should , in all cases , be kept as cool and free from excitement as possible , and her milk ' will always be In the best pos-Bible Btate . Moreover ; when a cow 1 b boused , you have the advantage of all tbe manure tbat she make * , and which can be more pVofliaMy disposed of at the discretion of the farmer than , by tbe encampment and folding system , it can be applied by the animal itself . " I We have been favoured by Mr . Cleave , the London Publisher , with a proof * of the first chapter of the forthcoming No . That chapter we shall give entire ; following it up next ; week by the Bnooeeding one , which enters more into detail . We aw sure that it will be needless for iia to do more than quote the hare title of these chapterer to draw the eager attention of the reader io them : »—
" HOW THE PEOJEtTBD PLAN IS TO BB EFFECTED In the two previoM numbers I have given directions for the cultivation of the several erops that I « on « sldet most neoessary for the small farmer , whiK I have abstained front doggiDg the work with any notice of matters not neoessary for him to * M > w anything about In the outset j and the next duty that I am called
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upon to perform-ia that of instructing the working classes as to the means by which land may ba acquired for carrying out the plan . Tn « morbid and insensate submission of the working classes of this country to the rule dominion and controul , not of the laws , but of the slave-owners , would have discouraged me from my present undertaking hsd 1 not witnessed a desire upon the part of tl \ e people themaelveB to ; discover some prac Heal means whereby they may rid thenwelveB of the galling ybke df capital , more , far more oppressive than *« » t J «* 'W »» ttJf of the law . Opposed aa I am to the shedding of human blood , and to the taking away of nnman . iHe , junder any circumstance ^ whatever , and bloody as the Engliah laws fomierly were , they were mild m their jbloodiest form , tame in their most savage aspect , moderate in their utmost vengeance , and preserving in the miastof the moat reckless destruction , when compared with the havoc , thes desolation , the per-BecutioB , andfwholesale murders cemmitted by the capitalists of England ; ' . ' s
? ? L ^ J" * ? * P ^ 'Mcal prisoner being badly tteateajn priBon—lf you hew of afellow-creature whe baa died in ajpoor-house--if you witness the execution ¦^ ^ T'l ^ PMgniltiHay eittier be doubtful . Or mitigated . injhejnousness by gome extenuating circumst&nces ,-T-yoa damn the law , denounce the institntidnS i and revile the Government ; white , you tamely witness t&e victims of the capitalist , to whom death in any shape wonld be a relief . Yon see men of thirty years of age withered and prematurely decayed , reduced to the dire necessity ot sweeping the streets for their taskmasters , althpngh their virtuous parents had given large premiums for their instruction in some trade , protection for Which , they vainly hoped , was guaranteed by the lawa of England . You see these men , and
wandering paupers etiii more destitute ; and the only feeling that their c&ndition arouses ia that of comparative satisfaction that , as pet , your lot iaipreferable to theira The laws have not injured those men in any respect : on the contrary , there are laws upon the statute-book unrepealed , which , if administered , wonld protect them ; and which are not administered because money baa become niorejpoWerful taan law , and money , not justice , is consequently the fountaiuof English law . This is a great and crying grievance arising out of a gteat National D 8 bt , the payment of the interest of which absorbs all other considerations , and turns our houses of representation into banking concerns and offices for the transaction of money matters , rather than legislative assemblies for the good government of the people . s
" Every country has a peculiar interest upon which its institutions are based ; and all laws are made with reference to [ the main or leading interest . A debt of £ 800 . 000 ^ 000 with a cavalcade of hirelings and mercenaries , j parsons and paid sycophants , being the pivot upon which our laws must turn , all are made , directly or indirectly , with the view of upholding this principal interest Formerly , agriculture was the princfpal interest of the country , and hence laws were formerly made with reference to agriculture . Manufactures tben sprung up , and laws for their government were grafted ] upon our agricultural stock . The great ambition to insure ascendancy for the latter , embroiled ub in expensive wars with the world and the debt , the fruit of those wars , has exhausted both stock and grass ,
and our government is consequently compelled to sink all consideration of sericulture and manufactures , farther than they may fee subservient to oar monetary system . Hence , then , we arrive ; at the conclusion , either that the debt must be wiped off or compounded for , or tbat some expedient shall be devised , which will have the effect of relieving the non-debtor from its pernicious effects , and of saddling it upon the teal debtor whe will very speedily find a remedy for an abuse which only affects himself , while lie will be slow in looking for it' as long as other shoulders bear its weight . . " In ray several communications to the working classes upon { the land question , I have endeavoured so to iamiliarza tbeir mind with the subject , aa to prepare them for the adoption of the small farm plan upon
such a system as would be most likely to lead to a successful result One thing is quite clear , and all I believe have inow seen it ; it is this—that the government is not inclined to make any organic change in the constitution ; -while , without such change , it is not able to Bnggest any plan for the correction of those social evils which r . fflict society , without incurring the disapprobation and opposition of the several classes who have lived , thriven , and prospered upon things as they are , Having ; therefore , arrived at the conclusion that the people hove nothing to expect in the way of change from the government , it becomes the paramount duty of their friends to point out how the ri quired change in their condition can be effected without ( uica or fraud . And ilthough it is quite clear that such change would
be unpalatable to the revellers in abase , if produced by an angel front heaven and in strict accordance with tht AlraigHty's will and in conformity with the terms of his imperishable laws , yet have I ventured to brave all opposition for the general good . Not only have 1 been opposed by a ; portion of the press ; but , still worse , I have met with the ignorant snarl of some working men , or rather men who profess to work for working men , and whose opposition is based upon personal vanity , disappointed { ambition , hostility to myself , and a jealousy founded upon their own Ignorance of the subject " It is a very lamentable fact , that , in the midst of general distress , the " people ' s professing friends" invariably meet propositions which , do not originate with themselves , with a cold-blooded and vindictive
opposit ion . Some foolish egotists have gone so far as to draw conclusions from the present state of Ireland , where they assert tbat the small farm svstem has oroduced slavery ^ dependence and misery , for the purpose of discouraging the English working classes from an agricultural life . Such writers are mere wordy copyists , puffing theorist * , ignorant dogmatiata . self-sufficient coxcombs , who know no more of Ireland than they know of Japan , and who are aa hopelessly ignorant ot the capabilities of the land as the ox that treads or tbe bird that flies over it . The curse of Ireland has been , not tbe small farm , but the large farm system ; while tbe requirement for a provision for the poor has arisen out of ) the abrogation of small allotments . I nevtr approved of the political use made of Irish
fortyshilling 'freeholder *; but the diefranchisement , and consequent ouster , of tbat numerous body has led to the present state of pauperism by , which Ireland is cursed , and has given rise to a bad system of poor-laws as a substitute . " Those who are ignorant upon the question of Irish agriculture anil who desire instruction upon the subject , will do well to read the work of that excellent gentleman , Mr . Biaoker , upon small farms ; always receiving it with great caution , for the following reasons : —firstly , it is written by ' the land-steward of , a nobleman , who would not find it his Interest to go into a searching enquiry ot the title , the powers , and the uses made of those powers by the landlord-class . Secondly , it merely developes the result of same very trifling experiments made i with success , without reference to any general principle . Thirdly , he speaks more with reference to' the improvement of the land than with reference
to the improvements of the tenants condition ; the one being permanent , and conferring a permanent benefit , through increased rent , upon the landlord , while the other is merely temporary , and is top often the cause of ouster , as a means of acquiring increased rent , while it entails an additional rent upon the improving tenant at the expiration of hie lease . But , above all , the objection that I have I to drawing any conclusion from Mr . Blavker ' s book beyond the irrefutable proof if the capabilities of the soil which it affords , is , that in almost every one of his reported cases we find improvement tested by the addition of a horse to tbe small farmer ' s stock ; although his holding may not consist of more than seven or eight acres . Moreover , the average size of farms treated of in Mr . Blacker ' * book usually consist of from four to fiva times as much land as one man can profitably manage .
"As it is necessary that I should answer the sophistries of those ignorant patties , who would urge the state of Ireland in opposition to the small farm . plan , I may here remind them , that every advance in the large farm system bas led to increased pauperism in Ireland , while it has contributed to an increased glut of Irish labourers in the English maiket . The first proof that I adduce in support of this assertion is , that ' the ousting of the forty-shilling freeholders led to great distress . The second proof that I adduce is , that the ousting of Catholic tenants from small holdings , upon which the Reform Bill conferred the franchise , has considerably augmented the distress . The third proof tbat I adduce is , that the rage for introducing Scotch farmers , to carry eut the system of feeding upon turnips , has induced
many landlords to oust small tenants , with a view of possessing themselves of the farms , in tbe hope of redeeming their shattered fortunes by an improved system of agriculture ; while , under a general summary , it should ba understood that my system of small farms would be incomplete unless based upon the principle of a real fixity jof tenure ; " the want of which in Ireland operates more Injuriously against the small farmer than it does against ; tbe large farmer . Thus , the largefarmer , with a lease , ] or accepted proposal on blank paper , which , when Stamped at any time the tenant pleases , may be converted into an equitable title , may contend against the legal persecution of his landlord ; while neither lease nor accepted propo sal ; are any protection whatever to the tenant who only occupies fifteen or twenty acres of ground , and who is unable to resist the 1
demand of thelandlord for tta surrender whenever he may think proper to require it Hence , the ability of the landlord to repossess himself of a small farm discourages the tenant from increasing its value even by industry , as the improvement is sure to lead either to additional rent or a turnout . This very system of bidding over the * heads of small farmers with leases who have improvettl their little holdings , has led to more murders tlian | any other circumstance ; nay to nearly every murder ; tbat has been committed in Ireland fot th » last forty-three yearsi nearly each and every one of which are chargeable npon the tyrant landlorcs , landsharks , land-agents , a * d middlemen , ; and not upon tbe maddened , plundered , and Infuriated peasant , who , in the wildnesa of despair , takes that vengeance in lieu of the satisfaction which the law denies him .
" From these foot * , then , the English reader will learn tbat Irish pauperism , lnLsh crime , Irish slavery , and Irish murder * axe consequences of oppression and misrule ; and tbat the want of the small farm system , and not its existence , is the immediate cause of Irish diBtresa . I defy any man living to point out any single aet of treachery committed by an Irish peasant arising out of any dispute in the adjustment of which be had received anything approaching to justice . The fact is , that foreign invaders have possessed themselves of the
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countrj , and would stigmatize the natives as barbarians for their virtuous resistance ! to the most cold-blooded tyranny , committed under the plea of loyalty , necessity , and devotion to English connection . Here , though out of place , I may be permitted to say , that the English people never have been the oppressors of Ireland ; white the Irieh-Epglieh have been the ruin of both countries , invariably constituting the English minister ' s strength for the maintenance ' of Church ascendancy and suppression of popular rights . To correct the several
evils of which all now complain ; to reconcile the people of both countries In a bond of union and brotherhood ; to destroy the social inequality so deatractire of peace , prosperity * and harmony , I see no remedy but an abandonment of our present artificial position , and a near approximation to the lawa of nature . With these Views , then , I proceed to develope the means by which society may acquire a feoting so firm that its peace shall not be in danger from the madness of despair , from agricultural restrictions , commercial speculations or ministerial change . " \
Next week the reader shall have that " developement . " In the mean time ] we are sure that he has seen enough ofj the Work } and its purely practical nature , to induce him to seek further acquaintance with it . He will not regret doing bo ,
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ENFZEZJ ) . —Middlesbx . —A public meeting of the Ebfteld Peace Society took place on Monday evening at the Temperan'ce Hall , Ponder ' s End . M . M . Menroe . Esq ., took the chair . Several exc 1-lent &pceohea were delivered during the evening by Messrs . Crawford . Paine , Roberts and others , entreating the young men not to leave their homes and friends to become the jhired assassins of Kings and Priests . Many ladies were present , who appeared highly delighted with the proceedings of the evening . j % Signs of thb Times . —In the parish of Enfleld , Middlesex , a place n ^ t more than ten miles from London , there are 100 Houses to let , and some hundreds of acres of excellent land—uncultivated , which would give good employment to the starving labourers , if spade labour was encouraged by the rich stockjobbers . I
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Mr . S . Crawford states that 70 , 000 Irishmen are ejected from their holdings every year . DR . CHALMERS has publicly announced bis adherence to the principle of Voluntaryism . In the Clifton Z > ologicai Gardens a pointer bitch is now suckling a young leopard . Thursday , a detachment of the 49 th regiment , from India , arrived at WalmW barracks ; the remainder are expected daily . 1 by the failure of a . BkNK at New York , Fanny Ellsler has lost all she acquired ill America , about 120 , 000 dollars . | It was rep orted at Bona , by a merchant vessel , that the Bey of Tunis bad been murdered by his nephew , 1 The Subscription raising for Miss Martineau , who refused tbe pension offered by the late Government , reaches tbe sum of £ 1 , 000 .
The Duke of Wellington is prepared to concentrate the troops in Ireland , and all the small deiachmenta will be called in . A Company of the Sappers and Miners from Woolwich , under Captain Hawortlb , R . E ., arrived in Dublin on Wednesday . t To thI : intended new dock at Liverpool , called the Albert-dock , the estimated quantity of cast-iron is no less than seven thousand tons . THE MISSES POUTER married to Col P ., wcefct and Lieutenant Munroare nieoeslof Miss Jane Porter , author of the " Scottish Chiefs . " j Thb . Vice Chancellor has decided , tbat the trustees of Lord Forbes were safe in lending £ 100 , 000 on Irish landed security . j A PROPOSITION is made in the Cork Town Council , that the salary of the Mayor lahatl not in future exceed three hundred pounds a year .
EXHORBITANT TAXATION . —The county C 688 is EO high aa sixteen shillings the acre in Corkaguiney , Kerry —half the rentl 1 ¦ The Government rum | contract , for one hundred thousand gallons , half East jand half West India , has been taken at Is . 5 £ d . per gallon . A female child was latjely born at Great Wigston , with two teeth , both of which have since fallen from the gums . Its mother ' s name was Lines . EITHER WAY will do— •) Will you have nn Sarah ?" said a young man to a modest girl . " No John , " said she , " but you may have metif you will . " The entire assets of a recent bankrupt were nine smalt children . The creditors acted magnanimously and let him keep them . j THE CHURCH liturgy is to be introduced into the morning cervices of the Wesleyan chapel , Fawcet-atreet , Sunderland . I
To the List of the magistrates superseded we have further to add the names of John Msber , Esq ., and Victor Eraanuel O Farrell , Elq . The Dean and Chapter ! of Wells Cathedral have made arrangements for the thorough repair of this beautiful structure , at an expense of £ 70 , 000 . The distraints upon } the Society of Friends this year , chiefly for ecclesiastical purposes , are about £ 10 , 000 . j The Charivari announces hat MM . Lamennais and Lamartine were each preparing an appeal to France in favour of Ireland . | -So great was the opposition among the venders of vegetables in Sheerness , last week , that green peas were actually offered for sals at three fizrthinas pe > p ^> k . A learned DsciOR has given his opinion that tight lacing is a public benefit , inasmuch as it kills all the foolish girls , and leaves the wise ones to grow into woman .
Electioneering Anxiety . "Poor Mr . Smith has fallen down dead of an apoplexy , " said a gentleman on the hustings . " Has be polled ? ' * asked one of the candidates . T In THE tear 1815 , no less than 166 persons lost their lives by coal-pit explosions , within a circuit of four miles , in the counties of Durham and Northumberland . , The Fornham Park Estate belonging te the Duke ef Norfolk , near Bury | st Edmunds , was lately sold for £ 75 550 ; the timber to be paid for by valuation . Lord John Manners is the purchaser . Lately , a Worthy Bookseller and publisher in Paternoster Row announced ibat , in his shop , " a glass of water , and a tract , might be had for nothing ! " Great numbers availed themselves of the temperate offer . SIR W . Herschel has discovered that nitrate of
soda and the hydro-sulphate <> t soda , both remarkably bitter substances , produce when mixed together , the sweetest preparation known . } The vegetable biarkei was literally glutted with peas last Saturday , some of which were actually sold at two-pence , per peck ! Good scimitars fetched no more than sixpence per peck . —Brighton Gazette . Wonderful Pump—It ia said there is & pump on Long Island possessing t&e surprising power of converting one quart of milk into three pints I We don't believe a word of it . —Hornet .
A French peasant drowned himself the other day , at ChaQaras , in order that his ' first-born , as the . eldest son of a widow , might escape the conscription . which had fallen upon him . . j r W-. \ - There is a Man so absent that he mistook his wife fer a pair of bellows ; and alleged bis thorough conviction of the illusion , by her always blowing him up instead of tbe fire- j Novel Exportation . —Last week , Capt . Bouch , of the Emerald Isle steamer , [ from Hull to Rotterdam , had on board teu donkeys for exportation—to improve tbe foreign breed , we presume . Irish Cattle . —The following are tbe numbers of pigs , sheep , cattle , and horsesjimported into Bristol from Ireland during thelast sis months : —Pigs , 44 , 108 ; sheep , 154 ; cattle , 318 ; horses , 33 . | Ii is in contemplation by the postmaster-general , to consolidate the general and twopenrty post-offices . The alteration will expedite J considerably the delivery of letters in London . 1
Thb Brighton theatre was broken opeu and robbed on Tuesday week . The treasury being empty , tbe thieves only obtained two gold seals and tenpence in coppers . - j The Grand Juries of Armagh , Tyrone , and Leitrim , met at the Summer Assizes , have unanimously signed petitions against the [ Repeal of the Union . — Banner of Ulster . ^ v . j-Letters from Philadelphia state " that Mr . Nicholas Biddle is labouring under an [ alienation of mind . His friends are said to experience ) great apprehension as to the termination of this most dreadful uffliction . A novel mode of advertising for a wife has been adopted by an inhabitant of JBanbury , Oxfordshire : — A Daguerrotype portrait of the gentleman is placed in a shop with the following notice underneath— " Wanted , a female companion to the above : apply within . "
A Significant Sign . —The present workhouse In Sheffield , formerly an extensive eotton mill , is to be considerably enlarged ; th ^ estimated expense is £ 10 , 000 , Which will be advanced by the Treasury in Exchequer bills , at 4 per cent . The loan ia to be repaid by annual instalments . ] Upwards of 200 unemployed workingmea of Sooth Shields have thrown themselves on the parish , and are now employed breaking stones , and covering tbe church yard with gravel , at Is . per day , whilst others have gone into the Workhouse , wbire they receive the food ol
the house , and lodgings . —ptirham Chronicle . A . paragraph has been making the tour of some of the newspapers , to the effect that the army in Ireland amounts to above 34 , 000 men ] This statement is based in error , Onr force in tbat country , including all anas and ranks , does not at present exceed 20 , 000 men , — United ! Service Gazette . [ Durham Election . —There are strong reasons to believe that the friends of Mr : Purvis intend to petition against the election of Mr . Bright for Durham , ou the ground of the intimidation exercised by ' Lord Londonderry on his tenants in favour of Mr . Bright—Times .
jtfOBTAL Sits of an Adder , —On Monday se ' nnight , as a little girl , aged four years , daughter of James Angrove , a labourer atj Common Moor , near Red Gate , in the parish of St . Cleer , was at play a short distance from her residence , jsha was bit twice on the band by an adder , and the poor little sufferer died en thefolio winglday . —JFerf Britain .
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The works of Alfieri have been recently prohibited by the censorship of Palerma ; and the consent , which had been reluctantly given , for the printing of Thiers ' s History of the French Bevolution , has been withdrawn . On Tuesday , whilst a man , named George Harding , was bathing in the river Avon , near Willsbridge , after swimming nearly across tbe river , he sank . He has left a wife and four small children to lament his loss / and hia wife ia near her confinement LONGEVITY . — -There are at present seventeen paupers chargeable to the hamlet of Coedftank , in the Neath Union , whose united ages amount to 1377 years , the average age of each being 81 . The age of the oldest is 102 . -
Several THRrrFY wives , on the eccaaton of a recent bank failure in Leicestershire , wished to "prove" for notes of tbe broken bank , which they bad hoarded unknown to their husbands ; but the Commissioner told them they must send their liege lords . " Good Breeding . "—Thomas Hart , beer-seller , Halliwell , christened his twenty-ninth child on Sunday week . Of that number twenty-five are still alive , and should thu prolific pair live a few years , farther additions to their family may be expected . The house of J . J . Meyer and Co ., of Mulbausen , has suspended its payments . It was engaged in the construction of locomotive and other steam engines . Their debts are said to be 1 , 200 , 080 francs , one half of which is due to a banking house at Mnlhauseu .
the Dublin Mail Coach to Galway , was upset on Friday week , at the bridge of Athlone ; Capt Williams . Engineers , on bis way to Castlebar , to inspect the barracks , had bis thigh broken , and the driver had his ankle dislocated . George the Third and Horne Tooke— " Do yon ever play cards ? " inquired George HI . of Home To-ke . " Please your Majesty , " was the reply , " I am so little acquainted with the court cards , as not to know a king from a knave . Expense op the Expedition to China . —A Parliamentary return just published , show * , that the snms paid , of to be paid , on account of the war with China , amount to £ 2 , 879 , 873 , of which sum £ 804 , 964 ate required to be voted in 1843-44 , as balance due to the East India Company .
A pew dats ago , the gamekeeper of Strowan , west of Crieff , in company with another keeper , witnessed a woodcock flying with one of its young between its feet fer upwards of fifteen yards . Many of our readers may not be aware , that tbe woodcock ia seldom if ever known to hatch in this climate . Ai Tttrone assizes , on Thursday , the parties engaged in the late riot at Catland , nine at one Bide and seventh the other , were sentenced to imprisonment fer terms varying from two to nine months ; in each case the prisoners to find bail to keep the peace for seven years . THE APPEAL ef Vidocq against the sentence of the Tribunal of Correctional Police , which condemned him to-fl / e years imprisonment and five years surveillance , came on before the Court Royal on Saturday . The court reversed the sentence Vidocq was immediately set at liberty , and was warmly congratulated by his friends .
From the contents of a private letter received from New South Wales , it appears Beaumont Smith , whose name obtained such publicity in connection with the Exchequer bill fraud , ia employed as a kind of clerk to the superintendent of the Cascade Station , about fifty miles up the country from Hobart Town . The Railway Magazine says " we are glad to see that the authorities are beginning to move again in the extension of wood pavement . Queen-street , High Holborn , and Bishopgate-street , have been for about a fortnight begun , and are proceeding wita rapidity on the Metropolitan Wood Pavement Company ' s plan . " Tobacco Imports —Toe quantity of tobacco imported from the United States during the past year , as given in returns just presented to the House of Commons , amounted to 38 , 618 , 0121 bs ., being a decrease of several thousand pounds as compared with the preceding year .
Father Mathew in America .- ^—This great Apostle of Temperance will not be able to visit this country during the present year . He has , however , notified the Catholic Abstinence Society of Philadelphia that he wiil meet them next year . Plenty of work for him here . —New Toik Herald . Patrick Leart , private of the 69 th , who was arrested on his own confession at New Brunswick , for the murder of the Rev . Mr . Ferguson , at Timoleague , in 1832 , has arrived at Coik nnder escort , and is lodged in the gaol . He now denies knowing anything whatsoever of the murder , and represents the whole thing as a fabrication . II is stated , in a lata French , paper , that an experiment has been tried by some medical gentlemen at Paris , of inflating the lungs of a still-born infant , when , in a few moments , the blood began to circulate , and the child was returned to ite parents alive . It is now five months old and doing well .
A WOMAN of the commune of Cont ? e-snr . Marne , a few days back , perceiving a wolf in the street of the village where she resided , did not hesitate to attack it , strike it down , and finally master it , though not without receiving several wounds . A joint of one of her fingers was bitten off by tbe animaL DOCTOR Boardman , of Hartford , America , lost his life on the 25 th ult ., from taking kraoaote { or the toothache . A particle of it got -into his throat , and caused such an inflammation as to stop the breathing-passage . If a regular physician cannot safely take it himself , certainly it is a dangerous article for others to use . The . Earl of Cawdor , Lord Dyaever , and the Hon . Colonel George Rice Trevor , M . P ., and most of the gentry of South Wales , have , in consequence of the Bebeccaite disturbances , determined to build barracka nt CULrmurthn-n .. for tbe military , .. by public subscription , to add to the eecurlty of that district .
MARIE Bari , a French woman , was convicted at the Mansion-house ot having smuggled a large quantity ef cigars from an Ostend steamer . She carried them in a most ingeniously contrived petticoat , which she completely padded with cigars , and yet created no disproportion in the figure of the wearer . She was fined £ 100 , and sent to prison in default of payment . Two of \ the principal thoroughfares in Belfast have been lately pavod with cylindrical blocks of wood sunk into tbe ground perpendicularly . The pavement is at present as level as a drawing-room floor , and the variouB vehicles which are continually passing over it do not create much more noise than they would produce upon a bowling green .
Rock . Salt is more abundant in Cheshire than in any pare of Great Britain , where tbe deposits lie along tbe line of the valley of the river Weaver , in small patches , about Nortnwicb , The saltjwas accidently discovered in the year 1670 , in sinking a coal pit at Mar * bury , about & mile from Northwich ; about 60 , 000 tons are annually taken from the pits in the vicinity of the town . Sad complaints are made in Switzerland of the destruction caused by the overflowing of small rivers . On the evening of the 13 th , the Saane , by Freiburg , suddenly left its channel , as though sluices bad been unexpectedly opened . The rivulet Serme has become a mighty stream ; in summer it is often dry , bat tbe water has now reached a height of twenty feet , and IS a r » uaket-8 hot across .
Something Unusual—Among the things worthy of particular notice connected with Father Mathew ' a visit to Manchester is the fact , that en Wednesday morning week twenty professional gentlemen , all from Bury , took tbe pledge before the Rev . gentleman . In the number ia included lawyers , clergymen , and surgeons . Cockroaches—To destroy these , mix one ounce of arsenic with four ounces of tallow , and melt them together in an earthen pipkin . When thoroughly incorporated by stirring , and partially cooled , small pieces of wood should be dipped in the * mixture , Which will form a coating over the wood . If these pieces of wood are placed in those parts of your kitchen which the cockroaches frequent , they will attack them greedily , and perish .
Doctor Lucas . —This celebrated Irishman , having , after a yoiy sharp contest , carried the election as a representative in Parliament for the city of Dublin , was met a few days after by a lady , whose whole family was very warm in the interests of the unsuccessful candidate . " Well Doctor , " eays she , " I find ytu have gained the election ? " " Yes , Madam . " " No wonder . Sir , * ' all the blackgards voted for you . " " No , Madam , your , two sons did not . '' replied tbe Doctor . A Natural Check-string . —It ia well known that Lord Monboddo averred that men were originally born with tails , but they had-worn them off with sitting on them . In a disquisition as to what Use tails could by any possibility nave been to any body , " Oh yes , ' said a lady , with great naivette , " they would have been good things for coachmen , as they would serve fir check strings "
IN cossequence of the dearth *» lth which the Prussian Rhenish provinces are fcfflicted , the King of Prussia has ordered barges laden with corn and flour to be sent from Treves up the Bhine , the MoaeUe , and the Sarre , and to deliver supplies at every-village . The inhabitants having a ticket from the magistrates are allowed to take as much as they want , oh engaging to return the same quantity after the harvest . Liohz Sovereigns . — -it has been discovered , that a considerable number of light sovereigns and half sovereigns have been making their appearance in the metropolis for the last few months ; and it iaawsertained , that the bullion dealers and Jewa in Paris , Rotterdam , Hamburg , and other parts of the continent , have been re-exporting to thia country aU the light gold tiiey have bad in exchange during and since the panic .
British Museum . —The number of persons admitted to view the general collections during the past year amounted to 547 , 718 , being an iaereaae over the previous year of 228 341 ; and tbe number of visits made to the reading-roems for tbe porpoae of study ot research was 71 , 706 , being an increase over the cor * responding year ef 2 , 4 . 03 . The number of tiBits by artists and students to the galleries of sculpture has been 5 , 627 , and the number of visits to the print-room 8 , 781 . . . j ohk woods , toe liverf . 8 tablekeep « of Xondbuwall , and who bas a country-house at 14 , Bath-street , DalBton , was last week fin « d ten shillings for brutally ill-using a poor werkheuse girl who was la his service , by tying her up to the manger , and beating her with a hafter , The Magistrate at first inflicted :.: » - fine of £ 5 , but seduced it , on tbe defend « nt ' s jaMS « BtIOff to Hive the girl £ 3 as compenaation « Binbifii& 4 iBd in .
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Untitled Article
_ ___ ___ ___ THE NORTHERN STAR &
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 5, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct662/page/3/
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