On this page
- Departments (3)
- Adverts (1)
-
Text (11)
-
tfzrtign & 23otm sttt Entent^f*
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
PORTRAIT OF W. P. ROBERTS, ESQ.
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1843.
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Ad
Mr . O Co ? i > fOB has received communications from many districts in ill of which a fery great desire is expressed to bare a p ortkiii of Mr . Roberta , the people ' s Attorney-GsneraL We cannot wonder that & strong wish should be entertained to possess a Likeness of bo truly amiable , talented , and true a man ; and although we know that Mr O'Connor had determined to givt . no more Portraits , yet we have the pleasure to announce that all Subscribers for Three Months , from Saturday , tbe 16 tb of Sept ., will receive A POBTB . A 1 T OP W . P . ROBERTS , THE PEOPLE S ATTORNEYGENERAL . We request the several Agents to open lists for the enrolling of names , as none but Subscribers from the above dates will receive a plate . : The price ef - Paper and Plate -when presented will be Sixpence and none "will be Bold without the pap r .
Tfzrtign & 23otm Sttt Entent^F*
tfzrtign & 23 otm sttt Entent ^ f *
Untitled Article
MILITARY REVOLT AT MADRID . Tfce Paris MonUeur , of Monday , jmbEahes the following telegraphic despatch : — - Batoicne , Sept . 3—In tbe night of toe 29 > h to i _ & SOih , a battalion cf the Regiment del Principe revolted at Madrid . The men demanded their discharge , Trhich haa be * n promised to them . Thus battalion -was immediately disarmed . Pive sergeanta , t * o corporals , ¦ nd oiie private -were shot on the morning of the 3 Otb , in presence of the garrison , -which appeared to be de-Toted to the Government . The Queen and Infsnfci returned to Madrid on fiie evening of the 30 lh . They were received with the "warmest £ n _ rosiasm . Madrid was perfectly
tran-The Madrid GazcScof the 28 th .-ultimo contains a decree of the Minister of the Interior , prescribing That as Boon as the elections for the Cortes Eb . sU have been terminated , all the proTincbl deputations shall be k ,. new ed , and enter on their functions the firBt of Novr j _ . ber next . This decree had created considerable se ? jsa Son at Madrid , as it was twnsidered a violation of . the tonstittition .
Untitled Article
BEPOSTS CONCERNING DISTURBANCES IN ITALY . Rome , Avg . 20 ; h . The discovery of some revohmonary plots mentioBed according to report in my last have since leeeived some fariber confirmation . The police are Tery zealously engaged in pursuit of the accused , ¦ whose number is aid to be f ery great . The most cx&aerdinary ^ circumstance is , that fome men of Tespeetabilijy sid eminence in this and the neighbouring-states- « e Tmderetoed to be engaged in this absurd enterprise , Several © f the conspirators have already taken , refuge in flight , * n < 3 have for the prese&t -escaped legal pnrsait . —Frankfort Paper . Cohib , Axjc .-25 : h .
By privite accounts from Bologna , we hare re-< ch-ed information to she following effect : —A conspiracy , -which has ramifications tbrongh Middle and lower -Italy , has at last come to the point of an oatfcreak . But eren here the just-opening political ¦ views have already degenerated into common brigan-¦ d&ge . From 500 to 600 men , according to some aceonnt 3 many more , chiefly political fugitives , smugglers , and Pacchini , after their attempt to take Bologna by surprise was discovered and frustrated , returned to the 'bTQs above Savigno and Bazzano . The-original leaders of the movement , among whom 3 si ; he yonng"Marehese Tanara , a Count Zambecceri , * nd & Piedmontese ex-officer , named Melare , have -dFeeted their escape . Now , tbe persons at ihe head cf the insurrection are oneLambertini from Bologna , two brothers Muratori from Bazzano { one of whom i 3 a physician ) a corn-dealer from Bazzauo , and a man who was formerly a gendarme , from Bologna .
A captain of gendarmerie , who endeavoured to pursue the insurgents with a corps of gendarmes and volunteers , had been assassinated . The Government treasury , on which designs were entertained , has been « OBveyed to the palace of the Cardinal , where also ihe Commander of the Second Foreign Regiment , Connt Salis Zigers , has bis head-quarters . Btfora the Palace tw » pieces of artillery are stationed , and a « ompaxry of -Grenadiers mounts guard . All ibe « IBcers of ihe garrison are quartered in the barracks . Oa the 15 : h and 16 th three companies , and on the 18 lh a detachment of 40 men , were sent against the
insurgents . These troops are posted at Bergatto , and the Papal national troops at Bazzano . Captain Caranna . of the Gendarmes , has tbe chief command JThe ABgemeine ZeHvng of the 28 th states that ihe abore account was inserted in that paper of the 27 th , after several . thousand copies had been printed . It was , therefore , republished on the 28 ih ; bat it is observed that none of the facts are mentioned in tho Hilts and other Italian papers which had bten re * eeived to the 24 th just . } Leghoba , Arc 22 ad .
By Bologna letters of the 19 A we learn , thai - ihe i Swiss Carabiniers sent against the disorderly persons of tias province who have taken to the field , have already had some skirmishes , but of little importance , with 1 &e rioters . However , the action which took place on the lo ; b on tbe declivity " near Savigno , ) bad * result somewhat more serious ; for the measores adopted in the beginning of the month were re- j sewed at Bologna , whither the troops which had been ^ ent to Ferrara and Ro magna w ere recalled . } The Government has published nothing , but tbe following is the report of the iffair ciicalated in the i city t— - !
** About forty or fifty insurgents , who had made i their appearance uear Casdechio , advanced on the j 13 ih akmg tbe heights as far as Sarigno , where they ! surprised a detachment of twenty Carabiniers , commanded by Captain Castelretri , and also some Pon-, tiScial volunteers . Some shots being exchanged , the ; captain and four of his men were killed ; the rest , fled , leaving their ammunition , arms , and horses in the hands of the insurgents . The party then * d-, T&oeed into the district , and it is said killed tbe , secretary , who was at the bead of the Poutinctal j volunteers , and also two volunteers who were bearerB ' , of despatches . _ i
" It seems other armed parties have appeared , about Yergato and Bazzano . The fact is that-siuce , the 16 th , troops hare dally been marched against i the rebels from Bologna . Of tbe forees sea ; oat , 400 are Swiss , 200 Carabiniers , 1 W ) Volunteers , and > 100 axe Pevenne Guards , who axe habituated io ex- ' , earsions In the mountains . The movements of the ] troops are Tery slowly made , because the great ob- Ject is to surround the inEurgents and make them surrender prisoners at discretion . "
The British Packel ) a Buenos Ayres paper , of the 1 st of July has arrived , according to which the Im- j perial troops , under Baron de Caxias , have gained a ¦ victory in Ba > Grand , and wholly put to flight the lebels with their leaders , Canorarro and Nieto , which , it is said , will much inconyenience Rivera and his supporters , once they had hoped to , supply themselves with funds to carry on the war by the . raising 500 , 000 dollars on the mortgage of the Cus- ; tom-honse duties for 2844 . It is also asserted that ; so elosely pressed is the Monleyidean President for 1 money te furnish his troops with necessary eqnipjnent and provicions , as to bare effected a sale ef the ; GoTernmeni-house for 80 , 000 dollars ; but- these j Btatemenis of course must be reeeived witb . all due ^
allowance for the exaggeration the conductors of the , press of South America indulge in , especially when j TiTal interests are concerned and aa opponent iai sought to be crushed . This same paper alleges a 8 eriou 3 fraes 3 to have occurred between Senor Regis , \ of the Brazilian Legation , and an Italian named Gerabaldi , wherein the former , Dot having received tbe sati 3 faciion ie considered due to bi 3 post on application to the authorities , had withdrawn his support by retiring on board tbe Brazilian squadron outside the roadstead , till he had communicated with his Government on the subject of the -insult- Garabaldi is said to be a person of bad character , and the refusal of Senor Bigis to meet him , in explanation of some aspersions respecting his career of life , appears t » be tbe origin of this diplomatic insult , the Monievidean Government , when called upon to
interfere , treating the matter more as a private dispute than one in which they ought officially to exercise their power . Altogether this story deserves little notice beyond being adduced as another of the Attempts on the part of Rosas and Mb adherents to excite foreign powers against Rrrera and bis followers . At tbe date of this paper there were 121 vessels in . port , ~ of which thirty-two were British , and eleven American . Exchange on England was tx the rate of 3 d . per paper dollar . By this opportunity Valparaiso accounts io the 18 th of May have been leeeiyed . Peru , it is stated , eontinned disturbed , tut Chili was tranquil . Sales of grey calicoes and shirtings had been effected , althongh stocks generally were Tery heavy . American grey cloths , twentyeight inch , had soli at 5 | cents , per yard in bond . ^ Freight -was £ 2 10 s . to i 3 ; and tbe exchange 45 dollars to 45 dollars .
• new Zealand papers to the 27 th of April have also eome to band . The New Zealand Gazt tie and Wei-Ungtm Spectator gives along account of tbe flourish-» g condition of Port Nicholson , but the article is founded on materials so frail that tbe prosperity boasted ^ -wDl Bot bear investigation . Wages for mechanics are areraged at ^ rom £ 2 to £ 3 per week , and for labourers £ 1 10 s . to £ 1 Ife . bnt provisions are enonnendy dear , -were these rates in reality paid . But this , wifortunately , is not tbe case . When the-work is to be performed , there is great difficulty in obtaining it even when much reduced t * rmB are agreed for .
The Pxpssus Finance Minister , M . Bodel = ch-¦ wingj has just published certain Sesncial retHrns According them , 11 ^ 44 Tessels entered Pr S Ports in 184 ^ of which € S 54 werefordgn , and sSo ^ russian . The Prussian vessels were of 469 000 lasts , the foreign Bhippujg but ef 393 , 000 . The nonulation ; of the Prussian - monarchy is declared to be 15 , 300 , 000 souls . It appears that Holland is abw to jield on the great qaestioa of the free navigation ef the Rhiae—FrankfortJournal , Basoter , Aug . 27 . —Our harvest , which is partly ^ ot in , is most abundant , and all other productions promise to yield great crops , though ihey will be much later than usuaL On this account the magistrates in seTeral districts have already resolved that to secure the crops from injury , the commencement of the shooting season ( which should be on the 1 st of September ) shall be deferred till further notice , according to circumstances .
/; TH £ Bxlxic Tbabe—Kisrsoss . —Tbe number of ships that passed the Sound in July was—From tbe "North Sea , 880 ; from the Baltic , 1 , 208 ; totaT 2088 . The 1 $ T > rJ ** h ships were—From tbe North Sea ; ^ Mj frcoi the Baltic , 237 ; total , ML—Hamburgh papers , Sept . 1 . &u . nf . —FiRis , Sept . 3 . —The Deiatshis telegraphic news from Bartelonvof tbe 29 » h . Great ^ iisquietncie prwaHed . Rioters liad pull ^ down the electoral list * from the doors » t ihe f-roTincial depntauou . Ko trpops had airiTed and lhis in-• . -caaed the ftritaiipff ,
Untitled Article
The East . —The Le mat mail ha brought Conslantinople letters of fte jjth . The Porte seemed inclined to pursue a ' j witi-Christian course of policy . The massacre of ' , he Nestorians had caused great sensation . Izzet p ach » iad been appointed to inquire into the disturbances of Bosnift . Acconnts from ETzerouTj -were aot satisfactory . Negotiations were suspended , and the Persians collecting troops . The plague n » d made its appearance . We hat / b received a private letter from our corresponde nt at ConstanJinople , dated the 17 ch ult ., at whic a jperiod considerable anxiety prevailed in that c \ ty in consequence of a demand made by the Ru s 3 ' . an Minister to the Porte for permission to mar Sh a corps tf armie of 20 , 000 men to the Servian fro- atier , to enforce the entire fulfilment of the condi-* -j yns imposed by the Emperor on the Servians . At t Jat period , however , tbe result of tbe great meeting of the Servian DroDrietora which was held at
Kroijavatzon the 8 th ult . was not known ' at Constant ! - ! nople , nor the consequent departure from the ¦ Servian territory of Wuscitsch and Petroniewitsch , I which puts an end to all difficulties on the Eubject . I The Zurich Gazette of the 31 st ult ., contains the j following : — " Civil war has broken out . x > t . Bar-¦ man left this morning with a mission from the Go-! vernment . Last evening , the patriots of St . Gin-! gnlpb , De Voury , and De Mootey , entered this ; place ; they are commanded by M . Toris . Refresh-I ment 3 were served to them in the Abbey , where i they passed the night . They sang patriotic airs . I This morning they left , taking with them two pieces I of artillery . "
Untitled Article
Several Fahms in the county of Cork aie out of lease by the death of Mr . James Healy , of Newmarket . Lob . © Stgast de Rothesay is about to retire ; from his embassy at St . Petersburgb . His Lordship ! has , for Borne time back , been labouring under physical j indisposition , and the arduous duties ot an embassy , ! growing daily more important and delicate ] will soon be | an overmatch for his increasing infirmities . j Loss of the Queen Steam-Packet . — Intelligence i reached Dublin on Monday sfternoen of the wreck of ! the steam-Tessel the Q-ieen , Captain Gardner , trading , between that port and Bristol . She sailed from Bristol i for Dublin on Priday morning , and it was on her course i thither that she was lost . The crew , with the exception
I of one mm , were saved , bnt the cargo was lost . j Parliamemart Returns . —As a proof the enor-: moos and unnecessary expense to which the country is ! yearly put by members of Parliament moving for re-, terns , it m » y bs ttated that duriDg the last session one ; return connected with one of tha metropolitan prisons moved for in tbe House of Commons occupied three . clerks upwards of thirty days , and contained , amoDgst ! other particulars , upwards of 13 , 000 names . It was also so weighty that it was almost mora than a man . could carry , and the printing of it cost about £ 2000 . — ; Times . | Thb Lords Commissioners of tbe Admiralty hare ; issued orders that from henceforward the Madeira , West Indian , Mexican , and Mediterranean mails , are to ' be embarked and landed at Southampton , instead of at Fslmouth , by whish tbe « team-ships wUl be allowed to proceed direct to their destinations , and the delays tkat have hitherto occurred will be avoided . —Standard .
Dreadful Attempt to Murder on Saffron Hiul . —2 > uring the -whole of Wednesday morning , in tbe nbighbonrhood of Saffron Hill , much excitement prevailed , in consequence of a rumonr prevailing that an Italian , whose Christian name is Dominic , and who is a vendor of images , had been murdered by a conntry man , "who gave the name of Raymond Lucade , following the same trade . It appears that the two men , the previous day , to » k lodgings at No . 6 , Saffron-hill , occupied by a general dealer of the name of Short In the evening they went to the King ' Head , Leather lane , -where a xaffla was to take place . - Some words arose there abeut the numbers thrown by each with the dice . On teaching home the dispute wsb renewed between the two men , which eventually ended in »
pugilistic conflict , in the course of which each grasped the other by the throat . Words passed to the effect that one would choke the other , when tbe man In custody replied , that he would not be choked , upon m&kiDg use of which expression , he stabbed his opponent in the side . He was not released before he received five severe wounds , one in the abdomen , one on each side of the chest , and two others , fie vna taken soon after by three men to St . Bartholomew ' s Hospital . On Wednesday morning policeman Onslow , G 110 . went to the house in Ssffiron-bill , and entered the room where the frightful act was perpetrated , tse floor of which waa
covered with blood . He searched for the prisoner , and at length discovered him on the roof of the house , when he was conveyed to the ClerkenweH Stationhouse , in tbe Bagnigge-wella-road . The instrument with which the wounds were mulcted is supposed to have been a clasp-knife . On inquiry at tbe hospital it was ascertained there were scarcely any hopes sf the man's recovery . It is also said that there was a little jealousy existing om the part of tbe man in custody . The murderer and the murdered were partners in imagemoulding and Tending ; and the instrument of slaughter was tbe sharp-pointed knife used to scrape the mould-closings from the figures .
Portrait Of W. P. Roberts, Esq.
PORTRAIT OF W . P . ROBERTS , ESQ .
Untitled Article
DOINGS OF THE CONFERENCE . By the time this reaches the hands of the readers , in all probability the labours of this body will have ended ; and , if they end as they have begun , they will result in the adoption and promulgation
of a plan of Organization , "which will b e safe and effective . The best spirit is manifested ; and an aptitude for business , and earnestness of attention to the great object to be accomplished , most cheering to all who witness it . It is , in itself , a proof of tbe public mind . There is no " vapour " j no " loud boasting" ; no acrimony ; no division : bat union and peace predominates .
We must refer to the " Report of proceedings " for what has been done . The nature of those pro eeedings will not admit of long description . There are no " speeches " : it is business that the Conferee ce have fairly Bet themselves to perform . That business the Delegates carefully , and systematically and thoughtfully , undertake . The result will be exhibited in the plan agreed upon ; and which plan we will publish in full next week .
Untitled Article
MR . BAINES'S REMEDY . "OUR LAST AND ONLY RESOURCE-THE LAND . " Last week , we entered , at great length , into an examination of " Odb present position , " both at home and abroad ; more especially as to the relation in which we stand with other Btatesj as a manufactnring nation , in the markets of the world . We then addnced evidence conclusive , that our day of H Monopoly" has gone ! that other nations , and particularly America , have begun to manufacture for themselves ; that they have not only closed their some markets against us , bnt that they have followed us into neutral markets , and euccessfully competed with us : and that they have even brought
[ their goods into our market , and undersold us at ' , home ! ; These facts are pregnant with important conse' quences . They proclaim , in language impossible to / be misunderstood , tbat our " monopoly" of mann-• faeturing is ended ; that we can no longer " com-\ tnand the markets of the world "; that to hope to ; continue the employment of great masses of our j population in the production of clothing for those \ who have determined to produce clothing for themi selves , is senseless in the extreme : and that it is
; certain , if we would avert irretrievable ruin , we j mnst give a new direction to national energy , so as I to enable ub to produce enough of the first neces-! saries of life for ourselves / taking care so to distnbule them , th » t each one shall hare his fair and legitimate > share . : Rsbert Htdk Greg has most conclusively shewn that America is certain to become the seat of the , " great balk" of the cotton manufacture . This he ¦ enablifihes from dais indisputable . He shows , that
Untitled Article
¦ with inferior machinery , she is now even able to produce for 8 dM with a profit to the manufacturer , what we cannot produce for loss than 9 * d . or 9 £ d , without profit at all ! He shows that she has already taken from us the * ' great bulk" of the China market ; and that she must take fromiis all the other markets which have hitherto had to depend exclusively upon us for their supply . Nay , he shews , that , now that we have determined to throw our machine market open to the world ; now , that we have invited every nation to become possessed of the means to successfully compete with ub ; now , that we have generously given up the one sole only-remaining advantage we had ; Mr . Greg Bhows , that now that we have done this , " America trtVZ supply England with the great bulk of her cotlon fabrics "; and that w the cotton
MANUFACTURE MUST FINALLY REST WITH THEM . ' Now this is no light question . The " cotton manufacture" is a most tremendous item in the general account of our manufactures . There is an immense amount of capital involved in it ; and hundreds of thousands of our population are daily dependent en it for the means of existence . It is therefore of moment to us to look this question fully in the face ; and be prepared in time to meet the difficulty , before we are overwhelmed in the RUIN which it will bring in its train .
The Morning Chronicle has shewn that not only are the Americans becoming formidable rivals to us in manufactures , but that all tho great states ef the Continent of Europe are erecting for themselves , respectively , a manufacturing interest , that threatens ere loag to render them completely independ ent of our skill and industry . " That the states of the Northern Continent are also lessening their dependence upon us , by extending their manufactures , and hampering our ; trade with increasing prohibitions . " That " our fast waning treaty with Brazil is giving
ominous warning of the precarious position ia which stands our traffio with the South . " Tbat "from the Guadalquiver to the Neva we are met by one unbroken line of hostile tariffs . " That * ' what the Milan and Berlin decrees were unable to effscfc , is now accomplished by the spinning jennies of Germany . " That " our extensive woollen trade with Russia is all but annihilated . " That " England , at one time , furnished Russia with her cottons ; but that Russia now manufactures for her own necessities . " And that " every thing bid 3 fair to be soon the next thing to a commercial nan-intercourse . " ! ' . '
These positions of the Morning Chronicle , we strengthened by other evidence , showing that during the present year America has exported to China 15 , 000 , 000 yards of cotton goods ; while we , the GREAT cotton manufacturers , have only exported 12 , 000 , 000 : the American excess over us being onefourth of our entire trade in that particular ! And it is now our intention to supply other and more conclusive evidence in support of the same positions * Before we enter into particulars , we must first
premise that America has not confined her attention to the Cotton Manufacture . She has entered the lists of competition with us in other Manufactures . She produces wool ; and she manufactures woollen goods . She produces iron ; and she manufactures cutlery . She propagates the Bilk-worm ; and she manufactures silk . She cultivates flax ; and she manufactures liuen . She is therefore rendering herself independent of us in all of these branches of our Manufactures !
The consequence is , that America is regularly ceasing to take goods from us . She is supplying her own necessities ia many cases ; and in others she is following us over the world , and driving us even out of our own home market ! That this is the case will be proved by the following return , lately laid before Parliament , on the motion of Mr . Thorneley , which shews an alarming decline , not confined to a few , but extending to all , articles of export , with the single exception of tin and tinned plates , The gross amount of exports to America in 1842 was lrss by more tiian one-half of the average annual exports of the nine preceding years ! !
Here is the proof . The average yearly exports from 1833 to 1841 , both years inclusive , were £ 7 , 800 , 000 ; while those for 1842 were not more than £ 3 , 528 , 807 . So that here is more than one-halj of " our Foreign Trade" to the be ? t market we had entirely gone ! The following shews the total exports of British produce to the United States , iu five successive years : — 1838 £ 7 . 58 . 5 7 C 0 1839 8 . 839 . 204 1840 5283 , 020 1841 7 , 098 . 642 18 i 2 3 , 528 , 807
Is it possible for fact to be more clearly stated Well might the Chronicle exclaim , " our hold upon America seems daily relaxing" I When we examine the details of the above gross return , we find that every branch of our commerce with the United States has declined ; and the falling-off has been proportionately greatest in those of most importance . To show this we shall give the particulars of exports , for five years , of the chief articles of British manufacture . The exports of cotton manufactures , including cotton yarn , were as follow : —
1838 £ 1 , 476 , 267 1839 1 , 467 082 1840 1 . 123 . 1841 . ^ 1 , 515 933 1842 487 , 276 Thus the exports of 1842 were little more than one-fourth of the value of those of 1841 . The exports of other articles stand thus : —
HARDWARES AND CUTLERY . 1838 . ... ' . £ 661 , 704 1839 « . 849 , 640 1840 334 , 065 1841 584 . 400 1842 298 , 881 I £ ON AND STEEL , WROUGHT AND UNWROUGHT 1838 : £ 634 , 395 1839 801 , 198 1840 355 , 534 1841 626 . 532 1842 .... 394 . 854
LINEN HAS 0 FACTURES , INCLUDING LINEN YARNS 1838 ~ £ 944 , 589 1839 1 , 268 : 823 1840 976 , 247 1841 1 , 232 , 247 1842 463 , 645 SILK MANUFACTURES . 1838 £ 348 , 506 1839 410 , 093 1840 274 , 159 1841 306 , 757 1842 81 . 243
WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES , INCLUDING WOOLLEN TARN . 1 S 38 « £ 1 , 887 . 177 1839 2 , 178 , 645 1840 1 , 077 828 1841 1 , 549 926 1842 832 , 335 Is not there food for thought there ? Look at the
details . See how the erUira is affected . Hardwares and cutlery in 1842 little more than orefourth the amount of 1839 . Iron and steel in 1842 abont one-half the amount of 1838 . Linen manufactures in 1842 about one-third the amount of 1839 . Silk manufactures in 1842 about one fifth the amount of 1839 ; and woollen manufactures about onethird J Is not " our hold upon America daily relaxing ' ?
The imports from the "United States into this country show a very different result The import of bark has increased between 1833 and 1842 , from 18 . 459 cwts to 27 , 648 cwts . ; that of salted beef from 899 cwts . to 7 , 024 cwts . ; that of butter from 1 cwt- to 3 , 769 cwts . ; that of chease from 9 cwts . to 24 , 097 . ; that of wheat from Miking to 16 . 111 quarters ; that of wheaten floor from 35 , 659 cwts . to 381 , 066 cwts ; that of hams from
72 cwts . to 1 , 133 cwts . ; that of lard from nothing to 26 , 555 cwts . ; that of pork from 1 , 352 cwts . to 13 , 408 cwtH . ; that of rice from 24 , 114 quarters to 40 , 450 quarters ; that of clover seed from 350 cwts . to 22 , 632 cwts . ; that of tobacco from 20 , 748 . 317 lbs . to 38 , 618 , 012 lbs . : that of cotlon wool from 237 . . 758 lb » . to 414 ^ 30 , 779 lbs . ; tbat of turpentine from 322 , 486 cwts . to 408 , 330 cwts . ; and that ] of sheep ' s wool from 334 , 678 lbs . to 561 , 028 lbs .
Untitled Article
Tho balance of trade" is turning against this country in a manner which makes it doubtful whether wo shall not have to pay for the raw cotton we need from America in specie instead of goods . Then of what advantage to us will our " foreign trade '' be ? Manufactures , then , are failing . Nay , the Chronicle , the organ of the Great manufacturers , admit that they n axe failed . To dream , therefore , of confiuing our attention to them almost exclusively , as a means of employment for our population , is madness indeed . . '
What is to be done ? The evil iB certainly coming upon us : how is it to be averted ? How is employment , remunerative employment , to be found ! Are we to be bound fast , hand and foot , to the spinning wheel , to the loom and the jenny , and be compelled to run a ' losing race on the course of free competition , with those who are becoming independe nt of us , and who therefore snap their fingers at us I Are there no other means of employment I Is there no remedy for the great evils we at present endure , and for tho greater with which wo are threatened ? Or are we doomed to " National Extinction from distressiand ruin" ?
God be praised , there is still a way out ! That way Mr . Baines , of the Leeds Mercury , has distinctly chalked out . Ho has anticipated this day : and he has prescribed a remedy , an unfailing remedy , for the manifold evils we are doomed to experience . In the year 1819 there were loud cries of distress " The sudden transition , from war to peace , ' * according to some " profound political economists , " brought on bankruptcy , insolvency , dearth of
employment , and consequent starvation . It is true that others attributed these erfects to the attempt to resume cash payments with an amount of taxation fixed in a depreciated currency . Bui no matter what was the cause . That we shall not here inquire into . It is only with the fact of their existence that we have at present to do . The cause of their existence , and of their non-existence , we will discuss some other time .
In that year , then , great distress prevailed . This induced Mr . Baines , along with some other kind gentlemen of Leeds , to devote their attention to the matter , with a view of applying an efficient remedy . They were appointed a Committee by the Overseers of tho Poor in Leeds , for the purpose of—1 . Inquiring into the causes of the increase of Pauperism ; 2 . Whether the existing evil , as to its causes , be of a complexion meroly temporary , and may be supposed soon to right itself ; and 3 . Whether it may not be prudent , in case the causes that induoe the evil be permanent , to inquire INTO THE BEST MEANS OF PINDINB SOME PRODUCTIVE SOURCE OF LABOUR FOR THE UNEMPLOYED POOR .
As such Committee , they deeply investigated the whole question . They laboured well and hardly . They sought for information from all sources ; and they ultimately reported , tbat " the soil , the earth , is our last , our only resource" ! That Report is now more valuable than ever The causes of the distress then existing have been found to be permanent in their nature . They still exiat ; they are eiill unremoved ; and the ° distress " is greater , and more widely extended . The remedy , therefore , is more greatly needed . Here it is : embodied by Mr . Baines in the shape of a Report : — We , your committee , have paid all possible attention to the above charge , and now beg leave to report the result of our inquiries as far as we have been able to proceed .
Upon the first inquiry , your committee presume that a variety of causes contribute at the present moment to the increase of pauperism , a few of which we will enumerate ; and we would add , that we shall deem it our duty to confine our observations to such aa more immediately affect the towaabip of Leeds . 1 . The application of machinery , with complete success , in the dressing of woollen cloths , has been the tueana of displacing a . considerable Dumber of hands trow ibe employ by which they have lung provided for themselves and families . 2 . Tbe worsted trade : not long ago tbe yams were all spaa by Land , and are now nearly wholly spun by machinery .
3 . Flax was , not many years ago , spun by women principally , upon the hand-wheel ; but it la now also all , or nearly all , spun by machinery ; and very lately tbe dressing of the flix by machinery has arrived at such a state of perfection , as to preclude every hope that tho displaced men can ever again find employ by the manual labour , which has formerly yielded them subsistence . 4 . The shutting up of the mills occupied in the spinning of the fliX has also thrown out of work many young women and children , and some men all of whom tend to augment the common mass of pauperism . of
5 . The revulsion from a state of warfare to a state peace , has thrown a considerable number of men , discharged from tbe armies , navy , and the militia , upon the parishes , as the manufacturers are unable to afford them employment , 6 . Lastly , We have to conclude with tbe notice of odd circumstance , and which , though not generally observed , yet it indirectly affects us ; economy in the farming establishments , and thrashing machinery , drift off from home a number of labourers ; and they beitg accustomed to handle the mattock and spade , get that employment which might otherwise have been the portion of our own unemployed poor .
Upon a due consideration of the above causes of the present increase of pauperism , we come—Secondly , To considor their nature and complexion ; and upon this head , the committee are of opinion , — That a part of the present increase of pauperism , arising from tho stagnation of trade , we have every hope , will , In time , be diminished by the inherent energies ot commercial enterprise ; but yet those unemployed persons , who have been deprived of subsistence by the other causes before enumerated , seem to us to labour under difficulties more permanent in their nature , and such as will require the adoption of new measures to remove them .
Whatever might be ihe advantage of machinery in its general , application to our manufactures , one of its natural COKSEQUENCES , in the flrst instance , MUST BE THE decrease of labour . Under these impressions your Committee solicited a correspondence with persons of the first respectability fot intellect , benevolence , and rank in eocicty ; and by their communications we have in some measure regulated our conclusions . The facts which we daily witnesB amply convince us tbat something ia indispensably necessary to be done : were it not for this urgent necessity we should be ready to shrink from tbe difficulties presented—presented on which side soever we may turn for a remedy .
As to manufactures ^ WE CANNOT-GET A GLIMPSE OP hope respecting them ; for in most parts of the empire the common subject of complaint is—tbe want of employment for both males and females—for both young , middle-aged , and old persons ; henc « the introduction of any other manufacture might shift the evil , but would not remove it . We are most particularly indebted to the Right Hon . B ' tr John Sinclair , Bart ., for tbe distinguished attention that he has been pleased to pay to our communications ; to J . C . Curwen , Eeq , M . P ., a name rich in the annals of agricultural celebrity , and widely acknowledged as the benevolent-and persevering index of txpelimentalimprovement ; to Robert Owen , Esq ., of New
Lanark , for tbe very polite oner which be has made of paying us a personal visit ; to Mr . Wills , the Honorary Secretary of a Committee that has exiated in London for some time , and has held its sittings at the King ' s Head , Poultry , and whose object , upon aa extended scale , has been precisely similar to our own ; to Arthur Ypuojt , Esq ., for the valuable information conveyed to us through , the medium of an inquiry into the propriety of applying wastes to the better maintenance aud support of tbe poor , 1801 , 8 vo . From the above sources and others , particularly some hints from Sir Thomas Bernard , and others , in a work entitled Hints for Bettering the Condition of ihe Poor , we are induced to c « me , though with diffidence , to the under-mentioned conclusions .
The . Bolt—the Earth , is our last , our only resource . ; Indeed ¦ werawesiore contiguous to the Sea , we should contemplate in its bosom an inexhaustible Bource of subsistence and employ ; but inland as is our local situation , we can see no help , do employ , but in the soil . We observe that a late act authorises each parish to take and re-let twenty acres to the poor , for the purpose of finding them employ in their leisure hours . Now it is evident that the word pariah intends totonships ; and there only wants tbat alteration suggesting to our County Members to get the needful ameadment mads early in the next session . In the south , parishes are small In York , they are very small ; but ittLeeds , very extensive . In one parish we have nine townships ; and what would twenty acres do for nine different , populous , individual interests ? We are convinced that this only wonts explanation before the legislaWre ; and we earnestly recommend it .
2 . The next source of relief tbat we can suggest ia the cultivation of Wastes . Domestic Colonization , upon a small scale , we think , should be tried . Sir John Sinclair , Bart ., Robert Owen , Esq ., Arthur Yonng , Esq ., regard it as the sheet anchor , the only , sure , easy , practicable mean of supporting tbe poor , and thereby reducing the poor ' s ratei bj enabl . i ) j £ them to eapport themselves .
Untitled Article
The waste for jsuoh an experiment should be obtained aa near to Leeds aa possible , and as to the minutes of tbe plans of arrangement and management , those must i necessarily devolve upon the guardians of the poor ^ or some committee invested with authority . } ¦ ¦ The best Informed characters seem to contemplate some experiments ] upon a large scale , that will reach the seven millions of acres of Waste lands , and other facilities for overseers to place their unemployed poor in situations where labour may be found , and food raised for support .
But aa experiment might , we are inclined to imagine , be made in ¦ Leeds , by voluntary subscriptions . We have little doubt , bnt that there are many ready and willing to do something for the poor ; and who are only waiting for a plan to be exhibited , that promises to be successful and effective . Our present Poor Laws , though certainly intended to answer a most j benevolent and meritorious purpose , have nevertheless [ one effect tbat cannot but ba deplored- The dependence tbat a poor man has upon the parish for relief , sinks him iu his own estimation , and paralyses hia energies—and having nothing to . hope
for—nothing in prospect—he attempts nothing . This deadening effect should be watched at every corner ; as Arthur Young , ] Esq ., observes- —if an object exist , that will induce j industry , frugality , patience , and exertion , we may defy calculation as to the effects which will be produced ; aud numerous are tbe individual instances that might be produced to show hew this powerful lever , the hope of reward and possession of something that can be called one ' s own , has set in motion a principle that figures cannot count , ad which cold calculation would pronounce an impossibility . Feed the poor from week to week , and we perpetuate
misery—PLACE THEM IN A CONDITION TO FEED THEMSELVES . UNDER A DBE STIMULUS , WE SHOULD SOON CHANGE THE MISERABLE SCENE . At any other time but the present we might have been deemed visionary in these speculations ; and indeed , it ia sometimes with { difficult ? that we can believe that the urgency of the circumstances warrant our recommendations . If we be found acting tinder impressions unjustified by the aspect of the times , we trust the good sense of the Board ! will correct , curtail , or repress oar suggestions . But it again recurs unto us , tbat uncommon times and cases demand uncommon plans and exertions ; and hence we must solicit the most earnest attention of the gentlemen constituting the Board to the subject of Domestic Colonization . Domestic Colonization keeps our poor at home !
Your committee herewith hand you a report from the gentlemen deputed : to visit New Lanark—from which it should appear , that some considerable improvement might be attained by the classification of the inmates of the present Poor-house , and especially by affording to the children a greater portion of useful learning . Also their observations confirm still farther the obvious advantages to be ' derived , by having recourse to the cultivation of the earth , for permanent and productive labour . As to the minutioB of the operations , and as to the extent that it may be deemed prudent to adhere to any given plaii , wo should not feel ourselves warranted in venturing an opinion , and especially in this stage of the business . Such considerations will naturally devolve upon other persons at a future period : and to such a committee the information procured by the deputation will be foundjof consideraV . e value .
Wo have several j documents that would warrant our warm recommendations of spade in lieu of plough husbandry . It must be universally allowed , that' superficies of our fields are far from the climax of improvement of which they are capable—and indeed some examples might be produced , where tbe money extra-expended by manual labour , has been more , and much more than repaid , by the abundance of the crops produced . The difficulty will be found in persuading farmers to adopt this mode of cultivation . However , the appended Lanark Report will be found to contain some advices upon this head , which we should be extremely glad to see generally ot partially adopted-.
Lastly—We would earnestly recommend , that the subject be laid as soon as convenient before a Vestry Meeting , in order to enlist into the cause , a moderately numerous committee of gentlemen of talent , opulence , energy , and respectability . Now what does the reader think of that ? Is not Mr . Baines ' s remedy a feasible one ? Does not he adduce good and substantial reasons for its adoption ? Does not he truly describe the nature and operation of machinery , in decreasing human labour , and in throwing the superseded ones upon the poor rates or upon private bounty ! Waa not he right ,
when he said that ! " from manufactures he could not get one glimpse of hope" ? Manufactures have alone been tried , as a remedy for the distress then eo prevalent ; and the remedy has but augmented the mass of poverty it was to remove . Is not it time that we went to "the earth , our last , our only resource" ! We much regret that time and circumstances prevent us from handling this vast important document as we could wish . { That , however , we cannot , at the present , compass . Some day or other we will return to it ; meantime we ask for Mr . Baines ' s remedy a most careful examination . -
Untitled Article
He states that the Northern Star has tried " to prove that farmers of four acres of land may , by the skilful management of their farms , realise a PROFIT of three hundred pounds a-year , after paying their rents , taxes , and WAGES . " Now , this is a complete mis-statement of what the Northern Star has attempted to " prove . " It is so opposite to fact , aad in the teeth of so much evidence to the contrary ,
that the Northern Star never even dreamed of such a thing as " three hundred pounds PROFIT , after payment of rents , taxes , and WAGES , " that we cannot believe the mis-statement to have been accidental , or unwitting . We are compelled to believe that the error is wilful ; and that it is resorted to to down tho " land bubble" by tho " power of face " alone , seeing that it is impossible to do so by the power of argument or fact .
The Northern Star has never yet attempted to " prove" any such outrageous statement as the Mercury attributes to it . So far from our having done this , we have constantly , repeatedly , and invariably , represented the three hundred pounds as the rettirn for labour ; THE WAGES THEMSELVES ; not the profit after wages were paid Ia the very article to which the Mercury affects
to reply , this is set forth in three distinct places . It is expressly stated , three times over , that the only " payments" made out of the produce , " are ( or rent , taxes , seed , and wear and tear of implements ; ' ' and that the remainder , calculated from data the result of actual practice , is the ketdhn for the labour and capital expended . So away goes the one single " idea" contained in the whole of the Mercury ' s " words" !
We repeat , that we cannot consider this mis-statement to have been accidental . We have so guarded ourselves on this point , from all possible misapprehension , and stated the fact tbttt the estimated produce was not " clear profit /' but WAGES for labour and return for capital , that we cannot imagine any man reading the " words" we have used , —and this the Mercury must have done , ot he would not know to such a nicety the exact number of" ideas" contained in them : we cannot imagine any one reading those
t' words could for a single moment think that ( her three hundred pounds spoken of were set forth as " clear profit . " If there had been the least possibility of doubt on the sul-jecfc ; if our " words " had been either ambiguous or trustified ; if they had been liable to have attached to them a double moaning ; if it bad' been possible to have tortured out of them the " idea" that the three hundred pounds' worth of produce , after " rent , taxes , seed and wear and tear of implements had been paid for , " was " clear profit , " " after WAGES had been
paid ; " if this had been at all possible , we would cheerfully have given the Mercury the benefit of it t and not pressed him hardly on the point . As it is , we are bound to consider his conduct in placing the matter in the light be has , and in founding his whole strictures upon his false representation , as most disingenuous , and most unfair ; while we consider the necessity that he was under to adopt suoh a course of action as the only means of replying to our positions , as proof indisputable that those positions cannot be disturbed by / air means .
Who is it , therefore , that has been trying to practice " gross delusion" upon the public ! The Northern Star , who has adduced fact for its inferences , and data for its calculations ; or the Leeds Mercury , who has had to invent statements , attribute them to it" opponent , and then reason upon them , and them atone , to meet arguments founded upon fact * This question we safely leave with the Mercury itself . Of course we shall not follow the Mercury in detail . Having destroyed the foundation on which he had built , his whole superstructure falls to the ground . It is not worth one single " word . "
Some day or other we shall have a " word' * to sayabout " the tenants of Mr . James G- Marshall and Messrs . Gerr . " We thank the Mercury for the opportunity . It shall not be lost or missed . We will have " a crack" with him on that subjeet some day , and tell him some queer facts . Ia conclusion , wo must desire the Mercury to meet us fairly . We must desire * him to meet our faces . We must desire him to refrain from wilful misrepresentation of statement or argument . We must desire him to be ingenuous and honest . Let him meet us in this spirit , and in this manner
and we will tussle the matter with him . We will deal with him and his arguments fairly . We have hitherto done so . We have given him every advantage . We have invariably allowed him to state his own case . Every " word" that he has said on the question has been inserted in the Northern Star . We do not ask him to insert our " columns of words " in return ; but we do ask him not to attribute false statements to us , and reason upon them as though they were ours . We ask him not to tax bis powers of invention for this purpose ; but to meet tbe argument fairly .
And this he must do . He cannot now recede . He has admitted , by his deeming it necessary to devote a leading article to the exposure of what he calls our I " mischievous delusion , " that the question is one of interest . He cannot now forsake it . After this public charge of wilfully attributing to us what he must have known we never set forth , he must set himsel right . He must explain how it happens that misrepresentation alone is combatted in his article ; and he must then address himself to the real question .
If he do not do this , we shall be entitled to consider his silence as an acquiesence in the justice of our charge , and as a , iuil acknowledgment tbat our facts and arguments are unimpeachable . To this -dilemma we fix him . No affected contempt for mere " words" will now serve him He has not hitherto evinced contempt . Now , to affect to do so will be damning . We shall look for , and fully expect , his explanation , and his reply to our " fatts and figures . "
The Northern Star. Saturday, September 9, 1843.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 9 , 1843 .
Untitled Article
THE " BUBBLE" EXPLODED . THE LEEDS MERCURY CAUGHT . The Leeds Mercury is sadly tired of his Potatoes , He does not like the "large" dish of them so continually served up for him . Whether it ba that ho is conscious that he ?' drew the bow" " rayther "' too far , in detailing tho extraordinary produce , or it is the seasoning of the mess that annoys him ; certain it is that he is annoyed , and that he tries hard to detach himself from all connection with the potato " bubble . " ; Iu the Mercury of last Saturday appeared the following article : —
" THE LAUD Bcbijle . — In the Northern Star of last Saturday we find four columns of words , with about the same number of ideas , to prove that farmers fdur acres of land may , by the skilful management of their farms , realize a profit of , £ 300 a-year , after paying their rents , taxes , and wages !! . ' and tbe public are reminded that the farmers of Ireland , who are contending for ' fixity of tenure , ' and the Rebeccaites of Wales , who complain of the pressure of ] high rents and h'gh tolls , may obtain these profits , and thereby relieve them-Belves from all their difficulties . We would ask tbe author of these absurdities if there is a farmer in Ireland , or if there is a farmer in Wales , that realiz-B a tenth part of this sum by four acres of land ,
used for agricultural purposes 1 and if the answer is ' No , ' we would then ask , if suob profits are not obtained now , bow it happens that not one man of all the sons of Erin ever made this discovery before Mr . Feargus O'Connor ? It is just possible that for garden produce , for which tbe demand is necessarily very limited , a considerable profit may be occasionally made . We have heard of a profls of £ 200 a-year from grapes grown on lesa than a quarter of an acre of land , aud £ 100 a-year from the growth of asparagus on still less ground ; but aa t o farm produce ;—grass , wheat , oats , barley , and turnips , tbe principal , food of man and beast . —allsucb profits are . utterly unattainable , and to cherish such expectations is to encourage a miscbievout delusion . < We
fear that not many of the tenants of Mr . James Q . Marshall or of Messrs . Gott , with all the advantages they enjoy of moderate rents , an unlimited supply of manure , and great facilities , for disposing of their produce , will realise a clear profit yearly after the rate of £ 75 an acre on their allotments ; and if they fail to make such profits , after making the proper allowance for their own labour , ; what will the milk farmer , or the corn farmer , or the farmer with rotation of crops , say to such a statement fj What would they say to their landlord , if he should tell them that Mr . F . O'Connor , 1 barrister and farmer } ' aided by Mr . John Linton , ' ironfounder and farmer , ' bad made the discovery that every four acres of their estate would produce a clear yearly profit of £ 300 ; and that consequently the land to rent was worth at least £ 60 per acre , and they , the tenants , must pay that sum ? They would say to the landlord what Mr . Burchell said to the fine speeches of Miss Wilhelmiua Amelia Skeggs and her companion' fudge ! ' and that perhaps is tbe most suitable answer that can be given to all such Thodomantade . We do not dispute that JMr . Linton may have produced upon his three roods of land at Selby , by forced cultivation , a great many cabbages , and a great many potatoes , any more than we dispute the experiments of the correspondent of the Leeds Mercury in March last , who wrote upon the comparative yield of various kinds of potatoes—but ffor whose accuracy we never gave any pledge , as the Northern Star asserts : nor do we dispute that the land of England , Scotland , aud Ireland , may be made much more productive than it ia at present by improved drainage , aided in some cases by spade husbandry ; but we contend that to hold out any expectation that a farm of four acres of land will iu general yield a clear profit of £ 30 O a year either to the owner or to tbe tenant , or to both , ia to practise a gross delusion upon the public ;( and that any person who may be imposed upon by such representations will find his agricultural speculations as delusive as would be his political expectations ; if he thought the country would attain either liberty or prosperity from the establishment of « The Imperial Charter . '"
The Mercury is bothered . This potato question has puzzled him . He chose to sneer at the Land question , because it was advocated by the Northern Star ; and the tables were turned so completely upon him , by the shewing that tbe statements in the Star , with respect to the benefits to be derived from the application of labour t » " our Uut and onct resource—the soil , " were sober and cautious , compared with his own . This has so bothered him , that he now ttiea to get rid of the difficulties in which he is involved by cheer misrepresentation and falsehood . ,
Untitled Article
WORK OF THE SESSION . We and our contemporaries have reviewed the Ministerial work of the past Session , according to oar several political peculiarities , but more with , reference to the disappointment created at home , than with reference to its effect abroad . If tho Tory Minietry has succeeded in dissatisfying all parties at home , it has been abundantly successful in causing the foreign enemies of Britain to rtjoioe and be glad . So long indeed as the acknowledged distress of the working classes was likely to be confined within the narrow limits of our domestic
policy , so long was that distress matter of unimportanco to the cunning monarch who wields the French sceptre . But the moment it w&b revealed that the aid of the Chelsea Pensioners might be required to keep the cry of hunger in subjection * while her Majesty and her MiBisters were revelling in enjoyment during the recess , did Louts Philippe discover that the heretofore subsidizing England must henceforth , in consequence of her ruined Exchequer , rely upon the physical force of foreign nations to suppress the growing discontent ari-ing out of domestic misrule .
Turn-about id fair-play , says the English Minister to the King of the Barricades : we have exhausted our resources for the purpose of upholding your title to the throne of France , and now , according to all the rules of good faith and " reciprocity , " we have a , claim upon you to uphold our ascendancy at home . True , Mr . Pin and the statesmen of his day were actuated by a double motive in putting down the Frenoh Revolution ; firstly , by their
duty to kings generally ; and eecondly 4 lest the example set in France should be followed by the English people ; and if the interests of France and England were eo inseparably united in 1752 , as to justify the expenditure of so much English , blood and English money not yet » ade , the same reasoning , with a ' mere change of circumstances , would hold good in 1843 : that is , if the rage for Republicanism in France in 1792 justified the English minister of that day in expending tbo country's
Untitled Article
4 - THE NORTHERN STAR . ____________
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 9, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct667/page/4/
-