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TO TEE TJ>TRA2sCHISED WORKING CLASSES.
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3f$rti%n £ nUIlt'gfncr.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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WELCOME TO THE METROPOLIS . ! ?¦ ¦ : A K&i ? w ? Sif ^ -im ) fl ^ . « T . 4 /? -tnthe Motro ? c . ! U , vwll l > o held at onthe ¦ Tnbfca !? Si * o ' cJ . Sk *? i £ -LSv " ' " - Strm - Tottcnham-ourt-ronri . on Tuesday r »* ,, Jn ? . J )< r . 10 th . Tea the ocarion . " ° ' Ct > KNUR ' Es < J - Mr . Joshua , Hobson , ami Mr . G . J . Hahney , have been invite }] , . ¦> ., < ! « iU attend on «« Place ^ mL J , i « H p hw , - \ **• Stran < 1 : - > ' "impson . Elm-cottar . C .-uiiberu , ! 1 . Mr . Arn .. tt . MHllo-StVmwd TtolP V » 1 p : i * . aCkl '' ' ' S'w * A ^ ' " «« - "W-roa < l : Mr . Drake , Strmd .-. nl ,, f Lib-rtv . Bri .-k-la ,,.- : Mr . oikleTUreet kn hth T ' i '¦'"" f- " ?; Mr Tin " >™' * Cottee House . Tottenham-. ,, rt-f .. a . i : Mr . J . < i . Hron . A ^ b ' v ^ trltt HrtW V " ulllf w ° ^ " *™ m * U Pentonvill .. ; Mr . Nherr . ml , tomnn to th * W , ^ ors . faW W H , - i ><> - VW ; 1 P ^ -P ""' . Wat , Tl .,.,-,-oa , l - Ml , AWlI ) t i | jalllivi . r ., tm . ' t . L ,. « Uham : Mr . fun . i . > 40 . ) . Strain . ; Ml " . !• uss « . » , ;;<; , M .-. r-atvt-fi-e . t . ri ,. | i ,.,, u . Jl : Mr . V . I ' ak .-,, . ; : ) , D .-. Onshir .-tiv .-t I . i > -o , r p " ' ni : ilth n rfc' ? T . ; " !" ilktM ; I 15 l ) Sto 'H'Iac <" . Marvl-bo ,,,. Mr . I ' : irk ,-s . F . ittl- Win . lmiil-u-.. r . ! la ,,,,, L-t ; M , t iA ^^^ t ' *^ " «*"""> ' ¦ »« -. an , ' . stn .,. t . K i , 1 | rt .,,, : Mr . SU ,,..,, ; ( vi | .,:,, lirt ; .,, ' ,, 1 at I ' viemis will bo admitted to the ( Jall-vy j . fti r Tea on ) .: mnei ; t .. f J . I . ,- ; ,, ! i . \
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Mr TsxsXD 3 , <— -l have bow got deeplv xnlo the -r . th jsar of agitation ; ami being a constant and neEtfre observer of passing event ? , you must , if Ton ^ T £ me cre ^ ^^ y ^ iseenunent , suppose that jjjve earned some experience . All tlie agitations ^ , . i -B-e lear of , and read oij prior to thai which ori-~ j&zeii in Marylebcne on lie 18 th September , 1535 , ^ re movements more or less in connection vita the -j ^ je dasses-aniTresultedin the enactment of the Re .
^ tth BIB- Tbe agitation commenced at ilarriebone ^ 35 founded on the disappointment created by the psbrrn Bill ; and I cannot be too particular in ieep-> r tout attention incessantly directed to the o ^ ne ^ t—thai our unswerving adierenee to the priiu op les of Chartism , together "with ova- refusal to join in jjjt sectional agitation , or for any measure short of jie whole Charter , has given a strength and imvorsznee to the working classes th ^ they never wore could command .
lijs always a pleasing work to rje to be able to de" ciid the Chartists from all the ' assaults of their ene-5 iies ; but snR more so to be able to show how all oilier parties are , in the lone run , compelled , when ¦ Tjit-lr o ? ro crotchets iaiL to try our means for the acct'Hitilifhcifni vi their own of < jecl . I Ii ^ lti- often obsrvt ^ * ° J In-arers , that my great value to tinworking * da . « so X "har iLej ni .-fr-rstaiid every vroit ] that 3 5 = j » eak !*• them , ami every seuteiii-e that 1 ¦ xrite to them . A > the League pronibes to infest the
Eetrc-polis one * ' EiOiV . i >! iail « - ]«« I iljt-lr pTv- * e > nl -jiUcs as prom 03 tlit ? asst-rtion . tiiat u-Li * ri-jr vim 5 LCI * fo ^ THET AK 2 OBLJt .. £ I > TO ADUPT OUKS . llavillfi T ^ -dtioned Parliament in vain up to the year l > t"j , the Lcasrsr tame to a resolution to abstain from petitiunitj in future . " We came to that resolution in 1 S 42 . Oi . e of our charges of incompetencv against the league ¦ R'as , tnat ~ tEey' were Ha'T workmen because rVf-Thiidn " t ttxjls to compitte their jiob . They hadn ' t
jrjembers in the House of Commons to give their ^ ytv anvt hing like reasonable hope of sneeess ; and -trsupj . lv that want they have now dhvt-ted their at-• eEtioB to the registration of voters , in the hope tberebv to swell their Parliamentary minority . VTe rs-re been prosectaing the same undertaking for jeore than eighteen months ; so that here also the i ^ easne hare taken another leaf out of oar book .
\ ir reason for ujennonis / j this subject , and oi na _ T'tesaBU it firmly upon your minds , is to exhibit the trickery of the League , and your credulity , in the j sme -picture . The League have started with the Sisonneenient that they are not a political body : xdc as masters they have used their best endeavours 10 perpetuate that folly which excludes the consioeration of all -politics from Trades' meetinp . Here
lien , I think , we haTe them . They eschew politics ; xhev complain of a great national grievance , and asgnmp the oSce of sympathizers and correctors ; and jher are obliged , after having tried the power of jaonev ihewwer of the pr inting-press—the power of tioouence—the power of petitions—the power of inximidation—and all the other appliances at their com-2 niB& to haic naniTft ai lost to zi- hxsttactvse oy vvl-: ^ to c-OTRfixZz their * cx * rib .
If all the great reso-sirees of the Leaguers require tie auxiliary aid of a vote , and if th ^ y an uirapalU ci achiedno Vtt object of the Ltaqm uithoul thi vote , J ask you what chance poverty—naked poverty—unproiected labour , has without the vote ? In fact , sothins hut continuous and systematic agitation tan lead to the adoption of the best principle : and nothing but discusaon can develope the best plan for the aceom * plishment of the principle : and hence it is that we jbd the League directing their whole time , thought , mi energy , to the increase of free trade voters . Mr . Cobden , to oin a j-mczir-al illustration of t / ii " no poll-^> i ~ ihtQTv of zhe Lea-jui , kij-t Sir H < A-: n I ' id in omc . . '
2 nd on this iact I fonud an irrefutable anrnnieBt 10 t ^ ive t hat the augmentation of Free Trade voters tannot , and will not , realise their object . Cobden is otaervedly the leader of the Free Traders . He is the leader , because he is the cleverest man—the man of most _ genin*—the be ? t tactician—and naturally the most amiable man . 1 am never afraid to confess an ionest prepossession , and 1 honestly confess my ouinion , that if CobdeE had not been shackled by the ¦ p rejudice 01 party , he would have been one vi the greatest men that this country ever saw but in pro-K-rnou to Ms ablEty , is Ms power to do mischief ; and therefore my knowiedge 01 " his powers leads m * * o ^ reater watchfulness of his movements .
1 am now going to shew that me League stands in a < 5 ferent position to the Chartists , with re > pwt to -j-e Parliamentary represeBiation 01 their respective rameiples . The League party must ever remain as in isolated -party in the House vf Commons , until -he working classes are enfranchiseiL 1 will sLe « Ton whv . li Col » Jen " s sjle object is the Repeal 01
ii ; e Corn Laws , and if we are not t-o give him any political character . I would jv . -vfv his support of Sir lU > bert Peel , for this reason : becau ^ e , if Russell aud the Whigs came into umc they would i : ot dare t-o I'KOSr ' av ' usi Ptepesl of xh * r < _" - -rn Law-, bm , on tbe cviitiarv . wbiild be traboldeEed in UK-ir < .. j . p < i > liiun to ~ 2 k measure by the fact that the 1 unes . would sui' - Vi .-n than to a man . On ihe oilier hand , if the TVhk-s fomid that nothinr short of a « Jec } araTioD in
fiToiir of Yrvtr Tr : xde -nrouJd ensure ict-rr re ^ toraiiuji . h » a pill that they wouiiL howevrr reluttaiillj , fs-hBott . But r ? n , v , ' n the League t-ould not suc--tee-i , so Ions as the Torv tmrty are in possession of ibf- major portion of tiie Iai 2 il that creates the Tote—the major portion of the money that buys lie "vote—and a major portion of the patronage that influences the vote . " Therefore , as a < lisilnc-t Bsrtv contending against both Whi g s and Tories , or as a united party , joined with theJWhigs against the Tories , the League have not the shadow of a
ihade of chance to acompli = h their object . Every man must be struck with the childish simplicity of ihose "who tell us of the wonderful success the League have had in the Siscncrm , and purchase , of county 40 s . freeholders . They tell us that South LancaAire , lort upon the last contest by a majority of about GOO , vril ] on the next contest give a majority of j 7 w for the League ; while they also boast of having taken the aristocratic County of Middlesex by curprise . This is all blarney . The answer to such an Extravagant assertion js , " Don ' t tbev Irish they may
tet it ? " These novices actually flatter thf-m ^ elves that the landlords , because they are cot a permanent agitating body , are , therefore , goine to allow the League , on the day of battle , to take the whole-agricultural party by surprise . 1 shall ju >! narrate for yon a conversation that 1 had with Mr . Cobden at the Ellsworth station , the evening of the day thai 1 J > eat Mm at ^ Northampton . In comjiarin ? the respective chances of the League and the Charti > t . « tiaNyjfh representation , Mr . Cobden a < ked me . " Now , 3 Ir . O'Connor , don ' t you think that we are m ch more likelv to secure the co-operation of the farm » rs
« j < -arry our uiVject than the Chartists are " r" 1 bvt'bed , * ' 2 So : andfortwo reason *—firstly , btt-ause , « Jcj ? = s over your intentions as best you can . and flatter he farmers a > you may , xhey will ever l < jok upoD you s ^ a i-any incorporated with no other view than to destroy their profits , and render their engagements insecure . Ton are not to judge of the pliancy or ap . proval of the body generally , from the support you receive from a few who pay a corn-rent , and who Trould . I admh ., be benefitted by the settlement of the cBestion . Secondly ; there is an insurmountable obstacle placed between you and the farmers , which appears whollv to ha-re escaped your notice . It is
" is— --whatever their feelings may be , and however coHv meed they may be , of the justice , the wisdom , sad the policy of your project , that social link which binds them to the landlord will be stronger than any inducement that you can offer them . They know that , after all it is the will of the landlord that must give ^ etail-eSeet to any law that ihe Legislature shall substitute fer the present arrangement . And now 1 will test their position for yon by reference to the conduct of a dass nearest their own order—I mean your overl «» kers , clerks , and warehousemen . Tou -will find then , That although persons fiflingthose offices in the employ ment of free traders are your most ardent and -violent Kpportera , that nereriheksB the orerlookers , clerks ,
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and wareLous- men in the employ of Tory Anti-Repealers are sternly opposed to you . Now , the same tie that binds w- » r officers to you , will doubly bind the farmer * to their landlords . It you dismiss an overman for opposing your will , he has but to remove from one house to another—from one master to anotheror perhaps from one district to another : but when the farmer opposes the will of his landlord , he has his stork , which be can ' t pawn ; he has his capital , which he cannot immedbm-ly disturb without loss ); he has either a lea ^ . ; vnd ii" , an hrter <» st or oxpec-Latkm vi !<* ritv—(¦?•)>• ¦ has no lea- st " . and then he is a
wining skive . N » - -v ] Jun ' t think that yon have ever spi-n - the t [ iie * i \ nn hi this Jiirhi . nor have yon ever couMdervd that ib < ' stnmirest auticijiation * that may Ix- fntcrtaint-d l > v ; i farmer with stock will ever insilii' hr = « H | 'T « f « i"t < 'v .-ti hi thvi . iy t , t " a Ton |« n « mUiii 2 M-}« t > rii » t'iit . " M . - irii-ii <] -. ] \ rrii ^ tliir- leiti-r i ' i > r ihf Jiurpose ol JU > j'ini's you with coijtidencP in yoursvlves : and with ) th « - l > elief that thirty . « r even twenty . Chartist niemlxr * who would " obstruct" the whole business of the House , would have better chance oi suet « ss than the Lcusne can poasibly ^ anticijjp . te fur their crotchet .
l > ur spare i *< now so valuable , that 1 must draw u > a close by shewing yon , firstly , the value of a vote : and secondly , the value of even a small anil compact representative party in the House of Commons . Th > valns ' ih-r totr . On the return from war t <> peace in l >] -5 , the landlords anticipated a fall in the price of produce . They had a majority in . the Commons , and commanded the Lords . They asked for rBOTEcTit » - —and srut it . four years after , in 1810 , tije Capitalists cried out for protection—and they cot protection . In 1 S 32 , the { manufacturers , " , who were represented in every locality by the enormous amount of wealth they had amassed , and that wealth being represented in the Hoase of Commons , thev <
leraanded the Reform Bill as their protection ami they , got it , because they were represented . In 1817 the Hand-loom Weavers felt the effects of war prices and diminished wages , and they petitioned for protection , but th- > j ton [ tuit n-prcfrnU-K and theuk-FIXKE OUS WISE OOVERSORS EEQL-IRED TIME TO DEL 1-eerate . , while the pook stakved . ' They must have Committees of masters to deliberate , and Commissions of masters to report ; and for twenty-seven veal's they have been Committeeing and deliberatin-, 1 ; (" uiamis . sio . ninf and reporting ; W zh ^ fast of t ) n ' y > jT is m-t y't rij-: jot hmrin-j at th : trilutinl oi r / c rich . ' The iegislatun .- refused to legislate ; the sufferers smashed then- common enemv .
machinery ; and they were transported and hung ' while the landlords , the money lords , and manufacturers , are revellini : and rioting on that < w < -c 7 Ki < r , tcv which their representation , achieved throujrh the exclusive enfranchisement of their own order , has civen them . ' Now then , in a substantial point ol y jpw . ought E"t Labour to contend for representation ' . So much for the grand principle of enfranchisement : and now just a word atxjut the advantages of having thirty , or even twenty , representatives in the House of (\ mimons .
Ii" Irtincciinbe had twenty men to back him , the law of " « editJon . " of conspiracy , constructive treason , of riots , routs , and tumults , would remain a dead letter on the statute-book . We should never again hear of honest workine-men being sent to prison , to xiart ] labour , and to the silent system , for givine vent to their suiferings in burains and reproving Lingriacc . ^ fe . should hear no more of political martyrs : i " ' -r our representatives in the House would take up every speech tor which a poor man was tried and «> nvie-i * - » J . - * the system wa . « t-ontinut-d ; our la « - miikt-rs wouli ] n-j--at the ^ jKH-cbf-s a ^ their uwii , » lef \ - in" the dovfrnmeiit . and danns : the law officers of
tin-Crown t < j i > ut them mi tb » -ir trial : so that we would thu > < : ive frr-.- * i-ot « ' to ilis ^ -ussjon . or else briuj : the law inl'j unjv » -jva ] ai ) 'J we ]] -iut-riifJ i-ouwmpt . by > he « ij ; ^ that there n-i- * " one law for the rieh an < l another t * > r the pcwir . " shewn in the fact that a poor man wa > sutfering ; inpn ~ onment and hard labour for sj » eakiiiL what the law calk-ii " st- «] ition , " but what the representative miirht repeat without danirer or dread . Under all the * - ( -inaimstances . then , 1 think tin-I ^ eair ue liave iun .-i-lied the Trades in juiiticular . aiiii the working cla--x- -generally , with an irresistible , irrefutable , and •• ' nciusive anrunjent in favour <> f th < - ajritation for : h < - '•¦• : •• al «> ve all oil » -r systems th ; . have been or i- « ih iv i > rui ) ounded .
j am . v .. ur faiibfnl F ? - ) enil aud Servant . Thur-il . iv . ]) i-c . * > , ; ^ 44 . J- ' eaki . i s O'CuN . nub . j' . s . ] msv , t - - ^ - ^ i . th- 'it 3 have attcmleil tlm-r very larje ]> nblk mti-tiii- ^ s aliv . v ' y this -week ; and however our « r : i-niies may crow , ] never saw a better spirit manih-sted by the working r-la ^ ses than ] have itnt-sseil in London . If it dies , it shall not be my fault ; as 1 am determined , even thou < rh I stood alone , and though all the Trades were apathetic , drowsv , or a ^ -ie £ 't > . to try a fall with Sir James Graham in the irreat battle ln'tween 1-aboui- and Capital . F . U'C .
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SPAIN . Mj ^ DHir > , Novembeb 23 . —< ieneral Prini was taken out . prison at sis this morning , put into a coach , and sent off to Cadi ? ., where he will be confined in the castle until he can be shipped off for the JIavanna to undergo his six years' imprisonment in the Moro Castle . It appears that the supreme military tribunal to which he had appealed ainiinst the sentence of the court martial , delivered in their verdict last nisrht , aJi « l the jjnTenaneat has lost no time in acting upon it . This tribunal has confirmed the sentence ol the court martial acainst Prim and his military colleagues , but has Granted a new trial to the civilian .-
tr ied with him . on the srround of incompetence of a council of sreneraLs to decide on their cases . It was anticipated that the supreme tribunal would have qua « hed the sentence of the court martial , which is considered absurd by impartial persons—inadequate if the court i < elieved the chanres against him of being at the head of the conspiracy to assassinate Narvaez and overthrow the government , and unjust anil Tyrannical if they did not . Instead of Jecidinc either that he was guilty or innocent , they ehiiu . se a sort of middle course , and award him six years' imprisonment , -which the supreme tribunal confirms , and the jrovernnient acts upon instanur , by siiipping him off to Cuba , to > pend the time in the Mom Castle .
A counci ] of war . which was held yesterday on some officer- * , accused of being implicated in the alleired con > i » iracy sumv months lack , has condemned Captain 1 > . Jose Bartoli and Commander U . Pedro Contreras , t < . ten years' imprisonment in a fortress : and Lieutenant I > . Antonio Callojo to six years' ditto . Ihe court-martial appointed to t ? y General Araoz , at Cadiz , for } iartici ]> ation in the Lite conspiracy , having found him guilty , orders were sent from iladrid on the 24 th to execute the sentence . The demand made by the British Minister ( Mr . iBulwer ) that General O'JJonneU be recalletl from Cuba , had , it was .--aid , given considerable umbrage to the Spanish Government .
General Narvaez has been made a grandee of Spain of the iirst class , with the title of liuke of Ardoz . — Ardoz is the village where Seoane ' s troops went ovei to him . and which feat has been styled by all Moderado writers since then , as the " glorious victory ol Ardoz . " The l * -st proofthat it was no victory , but a mere affair of buying and selling , is , that the troops , who , according to the M ^ oderado version , were defeated , were allowed to sliare in all'lhe rewards and promotions that were conferred upon the other troops who had " pronounced " against Espartoro .
FinXKE OF THE IxSCEKECTIOX . AKREST OI ZtTRrlso ' s Sox . —Accounts from the seat of the insurrection in Spain leave no doubt that the movements made by General Zurbano in Soria , and by General Ruiz in Tipper Arragon , have completely failed . A letter from Losrono , published in the Fhart da JPyrt-Tittt of the 27 th , gives the folio-wing details of the capture of Zurbano ' s son and his brother-in-law : —
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After die affair of Monteiiej-Tu , in the- direction of Soria , in which Zurbano btheid himself deserted tiy all thv unit soldiers who accuinjianiud liim on his entry into N ' . vicra . lie eoiild only thiiik of sct-kinj : for safety by flight . The Queon ' s troops , divided into various detachments , wete in active pursuit of the fugitives ; and the number of those who have submitted lias amuujiTecl to forty-six . The younger son of Zurbano , byname Utuito , cllef ( I ' cscadron in the army , was yesterday made prisoner , ; is well as his uncle , an innkeeper near Loyrono , and a svrvaiit . After
having abandoned their horses , une of which was found dead from > tar \ "ation , they had hid themselves in an olive ito . ju . near the villafre <> f Varca , not far from Loirrono , nlieiv limit . > was lx . ru . It \\ : is thv > i ^ lit oi the ab ; ind-iiivd horses which j > nt tin- trooj ) . un the . scent , and when thv fuptho wen- taken their cuiulifi < m v . a < drsoeratf . T ! : y had not ^ l ,. j , t f ,, r > i-v « -ral niu-ht ^ , and liiur-.- tlian f"ur-ar . d- ; winry hwiirs ? : id < -l . iji-.-d \ . ithoii : tlu-ir \ m \ inst ta- ? vd fond . On tlitir lnir , ; j tak-n Tn L . r . -rnn ... ( i . ihimI (>? -:: ¦ . ! iad jriwn f . vi :-r- ;<¦ Jia » . ; : i ( - ! it sli . ij . 1 at a ( Vn in--unit-aftvr h < - su > jii"iidi-d Th ' . \' -ru : i > jn . and niMili ' d fur
: ¦ - ! j jn-. Trut-n * 'ii- T"m-i : i hi-- ' ¦ . ii . T . ti' :. ' i >« rul - » t !» ur u" ^ . A- Iu Zarliaii .. a'idl : i > bi ' .- . thi-r-iii \ : i - - , <' .-i _ vi Mum . it : <)> - l- aiv iu . Mti \« - tliar * h < . '•¦ ri'K . r wr . s n << t far troui hi-. ^ " ^ . ; : litrlt- b .-f . Ti- the Jatt .-r Mas an \ - > ti-d : aa > l , as tn tin-* ' - > -uiid , hi is vujijmjsi-iI *>> b < - lOiu'Kil-il i'i tiiv iv . > . > unta \ iis of <\ uiuTos . t \ 'ii > i < li-r ! i ! ir , hiJivi-icr , . he : uti \ .-- « aiih tliat i ~ jnadf , it is almost imjuissi ' nU- i ' nr them »> . >! 10 full into th > - hands of our truops . . ^ Ailtoesc fgiax Urdos , » f the 25 th , says : — ' Jelieral Huiz . tlit- hcj'l « . > f tht- Ja > i iiisurrci-tioii in Car' . hiureiia , has again : ak . n rcfujrt- in Fniiut-, accoinjianied I ' v hi .- two aid . > -d' -- « aii ) j > , I ' oJonc ) liaiila and t ' uloiu-J <" a— -niuva . Tht-y v / t-n- inimi-diatt- !_\ sent to Oloron , and Jri . ni thence to 1 ' au . !¦> l > e examined by l ] it Prefect ol' the 1 ' olice . GemTal Ruia notwithstandinj , ' Uie i . Mremc \ i gilance of the French police , succeeded some time since in crossing the froiit-L-r , and . faavuisc aiij . eared at Hecho hv
induced tin- inhabitants io take arms ai ; ai ) ist the Govcrnm- 'iit . 1 told \ ou befun- that lu-succeeded in disanninj . ' svme carabineers stationed in the two t alleys of Hei-hu aiid Anso . He also luuk a com ]) anv of troujis prisoners , ' i-neral Kuiz appeared , therefore , to have made a ver > fortunate vommenct nieiit , and determined upon making an attempt upon Jaea , when the news of the approach of n column from Sarap «» : i carried terror amonjr the insurgents , and a few shots tired among them dispersed them completely . In the middle of this ruin general Ruiz had nothing for it but to endeavour to escape into France , and th . ? remainder of the insurgents havinjj thrown awav their arms , returned to thv'ir homts . This insurrection has . therefore , failed , and the two \ allevs are at the present moment entirely subdued . It is reported that r-rarta , the ex-political chief of Iluesca , also joined G eneral Ruiz in the insurrection , but to the present time it is not known what ha * become of him .
The Press ? announces that independent of General Ruiz , Colonel Gnvila , Commander Casanova , a lieutenant of carabineers , six of the soldiers disarmed l » y the insurjront . s , and . thrce young men compelled by Kuiz to follow him , had arrived at Oloron . The only revoiters who ojiposed any ne&istance to the forces sent from Navarre and Saragassa , were the peasants and the simigder * . As to Kuiz and others who were with liira at llecho , the news of the approach of the troops sufficed to put them to night . " General Kuiz , " adds the correspondent of the / Vt . « . < t-
—Declares that he has been betrayed . lie had . lie said , been induced to enter Spain by the promise that the town and citadel of Jaea would be delivered into his hands . He expected , besides , that tin- entire of 1 ' pper Arrajron would ha » e raided the standard : tnd his sole exploit was cuiitined to a coup ti c ,, u > in in a nest of smugglers . The peasants , after their defeat , sought refuge in the mountains , where they were awaiting a favourable opportunity to cross the frontier . We have no accounts of I ' garte Or Zurbano . The ATRociors Mnti > ETi or Zvjibano ' s Son . — Lrtters from Madrid of the 2 "» th ult ., published in tlio l '; iris papers of Monday , announce positively the shw > ti « 2 oi' the younger ZurK-ino . tosrvthcr with his unrip , and their nvo ¦* prva ? it . . We jjuij ihe following in the Satitmnl : —
The Go \ ernment ha- ju ' Ft i-au-eil 'ieiif-ra . ] ( 'ril » e to be ¦ lejirived of his co : nmai ] d <> i Logrono , i . jr not having immediately shot Zurbano ' * brother-iii-lan and son , after lui \ inp merelv jirov eti their identitv . Oribe is not suspi cted of compassion , but he was on the spot ; he saw what interest ZurbanoN relations excited in that country , where the siTviro rendered , in tlic name of Isabella , by . ill hi * family , w » re well rememlx-red . Men of all ranks ajidall opinion- had besought tin- execution t .. be deferred , and the prisoner ' s wife had proceeded without delay for Madrid , accompanied by a deputation from the town and jr ! v » vince , who weni nitli . )]> T ! " iuipi' -r' - the lima ] clclnt-ncv . A m «>> t he ; trt-ren « liiiu scene t ' . » ok place < ju this •; -ra > ion . At the moment win n the two Queens wev Ua ^ ing the palace , ih < - \ oung wife of Hi into Kui'bano threw herself at their feet . ainL with her evt - streaming
with tears , and ! i-r " . oic- bvoken with sob-, prayed and -ujijjlicatnl them at lea ^ t t-. -jian- the life .. f a liein ^ -o dear to her . Thv deputation joined ill lnr vtijiifst , and fv . 'in the whole group : irosc expression- of the liveliest ' . rief . All the person- whu -tood around app < ared rau ' 1 dt-t-jil y aflected . The yueen-niotlier , it iini"t lie ac-Wnowleugfil . inaW n-it Wholu such a -jiectai le without :-eling a strong emotion : but her dnughter , the worthy ' . anghter of Ferdinand , remained ( old and unnxnwl a < : ; -tatue . Nehh' -r the cries nor despair <> f the poor witinan kneeling at her feet , nor the supplication of the 'nluibitan :. -of Logr ^ no . m-r the { 'ify wliich for ;• ni-. meiit t : Iected her moth .-r ' s < -oul , nor the emotion of the hvs : ; i ! ider =. ( -ould evei , i-au ^ e a palpitation in tiiis WTetehetl creature ' -heart , who contented herself with drily r"pl \ - \ wi to the > n \ fortii ! r . i ? e wife . "' The roiiucil will deride on
the r < <) Ue-t . " The ( ounril accordingly assembled : anil . ;¦¦ be pre-ent , Narvaez interrupted the jilea < ure which he was rnjowng at ( araU'ineli-I with the illustrious Muiu « . . \ o delight in . Varvae /" - mind i * eijual to that of ordt riiiL an exeeutioii . He therelore hurrit d in . and . after the « ¦ jn < -jl . vrders were < Jes ]> atc ] ied , at The same time , for file di-missal of Oribe and for ihe execution of Zurbnijo ' s son ; . nd brother-in-law Again blood ; Always blood ! Thej will sjiil ] it until its fumes suffocate tin m ! t'rihe , Im--< idt-s , i- not tin- only one deprived of his post . Another di > . mi . -sal , which has produced a great sensation here , is that of the Political Chief Uenavides . a furious Moderadu , a verv bitter Conservative , a man of violence , if ever there
was one : but i \ ho . howt-vv-r , is not e «} u : J to tho * e at prei-int ] icrj < etr : ited . Tile following is tlie cause of his disgrace : —At the first report of thv insurrection the Cabinet ordered him to drive out of Madrid a crowd of persons of all ranks , whose very name gave umbrage . This list of proscription was so extensive and so absurd , that Benavides thought it necessary to pause ; and at once the Minister of the Interior called on him to send in his resignation . The other replied that lie had no wish to quit his post , and that he must be forced from it . This was done , and General Chacon was appointed in his place ' This nomination of a General to a place essentially civil has raised an outcry even amongst the friends of the faction . But thev will . still behold other similar acts !
The f ' vnfUtutioimd bitterly denounces this savage murder : — The identity of the prisoners was , it is true , established , but there was no proof of their criminality : and , we . may a < ii \ , nothing can be further from proof than that there v . as any other culpability in IJpnito Zurbano than his being the son of bis father . He was taken almost alone , concealed , and without arms . Can we , therefore , be astonished if it be hereafter show-n that he disapproved of the insurrection , and that he wished to avoid by flight participatiiiL'in those sanguinary acts of reprisal which parties in Spain—even those iu possession of the government—perpetrate upon their enemies ? Prim has escaped , thanks to a spec-its of trial which , from the yi-rs iiiiquitv of the accusation , excited an universal opinion asrainst it . The son of Zurbano has been executed without am form « . r proee-s . as if it was determined to hasten his death in order to tear him from public compassion . * In civilized nations , to execute a man without trial is not
punishment , but murder . The Pilitf , like the C : rnstitt'ii"itit--1 , credits the ivr » oit of the youna man ' s dentil , and in a somewhat ni'V-born horror of Narvaez and his ( iovmmient . writes as follows : — Certain !' , we had no great confidence in the C ^ crni : ient of Spain , but we were far from expecting , such enormities , even from a Cabinet directed by Narvaez . Are those the men who denounced as a crime the execution of tlie unfortunate Diego Lion , who were to open to their country a new era of reconciliation and peace , and who designed to enlarge the field of political discussion ? Now , more than ever , we congratulate ourselves on having refused all adhesion to the acts of this soldier-government , whSch h \> Ms itstlf \ rp to universal rvjirubatuvn .
When it is remembered that this much-denounced liovernment is that which a lavish distribution oi French gold aud the activity of French intriguers alone called into existence , we cannot feel much sympathy -with these crocodile tears or these late protestations affainst Narvaez .
State of Catalonia . — . recounts from Barcelona -tate that the Baron de M c-r is converting the place iijto one large citadel , and : !; at great discontent prevails throughout Catalonia . A great number of officers have been separated 1 . am the regiments in garrison at Saragossa . General Balboa sends dismal accounts here of the state of Gallicia , describing both himself and the troops as wearied out with constant service . His system is one of terror , and requires constant vigilance to keep up ; a few days since countrjraen "who had taken shelter in a cottage public house , near Vigo , from a storm of rain , were druiking wine and playing at cardB , in which they were joined by a chaplain of one of the rtgiments , who had been
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obliged to sf-ok shelter also , and who it appears lost "") >» ' vl ! v (' " in pli < y , which made him sulky , when one of tli « - countrymen-, joking him on his loss , tol oon , wlien in . would have to cry " Viva Kspiirteni . " Tim chaplain , on leturnhu , ' to Viu ' o , reported this conversation to ( ivnerai Hall-mo , ami it turned out no joke for tinpoor fellow , lor some soldiers were sent after him , and hi' was brought into Vigo and taken to the stniartj where the troops were drawn up , and ho was ordered tyuj £ p iyc 100 blows with a stick on his bait ) back , and afwr being terribly uutngW and fainting under tlie punishment , was thrown into prison , from which ho was eventually removed through the efforts of some humane persons to the hospital .
MADRin , Nov . 20 . —The Madrid papers of this day ' s date confirm the accounts of the atrocious execution of Benito Zurbano and his uncle , at Logrono , alone with their two son-ants . It appears , however , that the name of the brother-in-law of 'General Zurbano , who was shot , is not Cayo Muro , hut Juan Martinez . Cayo Muro is still at large , and is supposed to 1 h > with Zurbano . There are forty-six nioi-e of the insurgents in the prisons of Logrono , and the orders of the Government are that they ; should alJ be shot . F . ven this sanguinary feast , however , is not sufficient to glut the vengeance of Narvaez , if wa are
to liehcve the Madrid papers . Several other oth ' cers arc to meet with a similar fate . Several other general officers have been banished from Madrid , for apparently no-Other offence but that of having served under Espartoro . A report was prevalent in Madrid that General Prim had been rescued by a party of cavalry on his way to Cadiz . Nothing is known of Zurbano \ s whereabouts . There are as many reports about his movements as there are province ? in Snain ; but the prevailing opinion seems to be , that he has gone towards the Portuguese frontier , by wa v of the mountains of Toledo .
More Horrors-. —MVrdkr of Another of Zurisaxo ' s Sons . —Madrid Papers , of the 27 th ult ., contain some details of the melancholy events at Logrono . A letter in the Gazette states that the other son of Zurbano , Ballanas ( his aiil-de-cjjinip ) , and five others had surrendered to the General' commanding in that district , and were immediately ordered to be shot . Several othern , who had surrendered at Burgos , had andersone the same fate . Zurbano still , contained to e ) ui \ c his pursuovfi .
PORTUGAL . LisnoN , November 27 . —The Chamber ol" l'ecrs , by a majority of eight , passed the bill declaring all the edicts of the Government , twenty-nine in number , promulgated during the prorogation of the Cortes , and consequently without the sanction sf the Legislature—laws in " force from the date of their promulgation . The twenty-nine "laws" were presented to the i iiamlier ai ma . ve , and all separate examination and discussion opposed successfully by Cabral . A ( lrrsidfiil fire , attended with the loss of twelve or fourteen lives , took place in Lisbon on the 21 st ol November . The Municipal Elections throughout the country , with few exceptions , were carrying at the point of the Iwivonet in favour of Ministers .
GERMANY . JIamriroh , Nov . 22 nd . —The Senate and College of the Ancients have just declared in favour of emancipating the Jews . What principally decided our two highest bodies in the state to consent to this act of ju ,-tiee , is the immense sacrifices which the Jews of Hamburgh have ' made to succour the numerous victims of the fire of 1845 , and the spirit of patriotism and charity with which that Wly has been animated fvr a Jong series of j'ears .
SWITZERLAND . The Swiss . Ioirnals of the 20 th ult . announce that the Central Tribunal of the VaJais . has just pronounced its sentence on the principal leaders of the late revolt in tlu \ Valais . M . Maurice Barman has l « en condemned to tvrvnty yean' confiiwiuviit in a > fate prison , the deprivation of political rights for life , tlie payment of the expenses of the war during three days of the revolt , and payment of the amount of thu loss sustained by the destruction of several bridges , ami the fire at Veraayaz . Those indemnities arc subject to diminution by whatever amount may be fixed for his accomplices , but in the event of non-payment M . 15 armau is to Ik held responsible for the whole . He . is also condemned to pay the expense of his prosecution and trial .
The y < iuvflli . "ti' V'nuloi . i states that affairs are taking a critical turn at Lucerne . There is great exasperation in the political parties , and the President of the Iiitvctory is compelled to have a guard for his personal security both at home and at the Government House .
GREECE . Moke Tnovr . i . K . —Tlie news from ( Jreecc is of tlie most disastrous kind , not no niueh iron ) any new ami extraordinary facts , as from the accumulation ot proof that a plan i * in full and vigorous operation for undermining the constitution . The only elucidation of the present state of things is this , and to this alone every step of the Ministry tends . The bonds of society are recklessly relaxed—confidence is lost in the courts of justice—nine murders , and above 100 highwav robberies , are admitted to have occurred , crimes
of late years almost unknown in Greece—numerous forests burned , no offenders apprehended , and , in fact , except Athens and Nauplia , the inhabitants of towns afraid to trarel far from their protection . The most serious part of the drama is , however , played in the Chamber of Representatives , where General Griras and his ruffians are bullying tlie independent members , and bringing the existing system into the utmost contempt . We fear that Russian intrigue is not idle , and the consequences will be most deplorable at no distant day .
Hy an Imperial ukase , of the 3 rd of September Greek papers have been interdicted in Russia .
/ TURKEY . Constantinople , Nov . 13 . —Steam continues to go a-head here . The government has just decided on running a { small boat six times a-day between Stumlx ) ul and Scutari , on such low tenns , that row-Swats ( which are excessively dangerous in winter ) can no longer ply with any chance of success . A commission has just been formed for the organization of the new police system , which cannot be realised with too much celerity . Last winter burglaries took place as regularlv as the night came , and no housekeeper had a
remedy but his own sword and pistols . 1 have heard that printed Turkish placards were last night posted \ ip in various parts of this capital , representing the eminent successes of Shamil Hey , in Daghostan , over the military forces of Russia . 1 have not succeeded in petting any further intelligence from Circassia . but it appears to be most undoubted that the Russians have suffered dreadfully through this campaign ; and as this becomes . generally known , the awe with which they once inspired the Turks will pease , and be replaced by feelings which may , in the end , lead to disasrreeable consequences * .
EQYPT , Alexandria , Nov . 19 . —We have received accounts from Alexandria of the 19 th ult . They state that the Pasha was still at Cairo , attending with his usual activity to the affairs of the country . Mehemet Ali , being anxious to people the new town of his name now erecting in Nigritia , had ordered that all robbers should hereafter be transported thither , without undei-goin < r the penalties of tlie bastinado and pallies , to which they would have Otherwise been transported .
BRAZIL . War between Brazil and Bvenos Ayres . — The latest news frqm Rio Grande is that the war between 15 uenos and Brazil has at length commenced in earnest , several skirmishes having taken place on the north side of La Plata during the march of the Brazilian armv toward Monte Video .
UNITED STATES . WORKING MEN'S MOVEMENT . Boston . —For some time past a movement has been in course of progress in the States of New England , haying for its object a reduction of the hours of labour , and the adoption of other measures calculated to ensure to the working classes a rightful return for their toil , and their ultimate emancipation from the tyranny of capitalists and landlords . With such objects in view , a Working Men ' s Convention has been held in Boston , a report of the proceedings of which we have been favoured with through the medium of the Boston
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i . 'tixntri r , a paper devoted to th'' interests of the operative ( hisses . 'I'll . ; ( on \ clition -i-sembjod ; it I aiieilil-hall , Pn ^ lOtl . on W \ iUtO > iUy , October loth . There were above two hundred ( lelfirnres [ in-sent , . pres ided over by Mr . . 1 . S . Wridit , of Hoston . The delegates sat two days , and adopted a nnmber of excellent resolutions , in the course of the second day ' s session , the following most important and able document was submitted to the delegates , and by them unanimously adopted . \ Address of the , mechniurs anitlahoijiTi : * , nsseialdeil in (' oiin'ntion at Floslon , Otfobtr \<> a > i < l 17 , ] x + 4 , In tlwii- fellow mtcluvni's and Uibovrcrs throiwliont the I ' nited - " 'UtWs .
There is no subject which claims our more serious mid ( . Hiidiii attention th . i / i that nliicii refers to our condition as labourers . What this condition is : it' correct , how it may be inaiiitiiined ; or if not , how it may ho improved , ure questions which we an ; imperatively called upon to decide . To a consideration of theso questions allow us to call your candid and immediate attention . What is the present condition I of the workmen of America ? B y the declaration of rights which our fathers made , and which they maintained with their fortunes and their lives , we are instructed to believe that all men are born equal , possessed of equal natural riphts , and designed to enjoy equal civil and social privileges . The
propagation ot this self-evident truth formed an important era in the world ' s history , and was designed , nrst and foremost , to affect the condition of those in whom the feudalism of former times had recogrnized only serfs and dependants on the will of the crown or the aristocracy . To unsure the prevalence of this truth , care was taken in the structure of our government , to secure , its operation throughout the civiJ body , by giving to every member of the body an equul voice in the selection of rulers and the formation of laws . To what extent a democracy has been realized , it is not our present object to inquire ; upon the practical bearings of the ( juestion ! we can each speculate and decide for ourselves . i
To another feature of this matter we would more especially call your attention . What m the present position aud condition of the workingjiin-n of America , considered as the actual producers of wealth ? Labour is the only creator of value . Making ; use of tlie materials furnished by tlie fiod of Nature , it gives utility to what was before worthless , or imrenseslvalue where it before existed , supplying the necessities and adding to the comforts of human life . If the pOMifon to which we have previoH . sly rivrrtt-d be correct . tTn u have all an equal right to labour , and to enjoy the lilessinfrs which such labour may create . A given amount of labour produces a given amount of value , which , according to the position we have assumed , should belong to the producers . Do we tind this to he the fact ? :
If there are those iu the community who are not actually engaged iu manual labour . ior , in other words , who are not producers , who do nevertheless receive value , it must follow that by sonic means they obtain possession of a part of that which is produoi -d by others ; and we do actually find that a large portion of th < " value which is produced by labour is in sumo way secured l > y those who are not engaged in productive industry at all . It is then i-iitlrnt ih . tt tlu- greater is the amount the -mailer musr be that retained by the actual producers ; or the greater the number of the non-produci-is , the heavier v . ill lx- the burden upon , and the smaller will be the reward of the industrious labourer . With th < v gueii amount in the case , we have little to do at jirescn ' t ; it is of the principle we complain , wliich we see illustrated in the self-evident fact that the reward of the producers diminishes with the iiiCrnase of the non-producers .:
The division of society into the \ producing and the nonproduciiig classes , and the fact of tiie unequal distribution of value between the two , iiitroduct-t . us at . once to ( inotlK'r distinction—that of < : n » t : d ami labour . Ami lit re we find a wide difference to > vi . ct . involving on tb < - one hniid the idea of ' ilt'penibftiri ' . ^ Labour now become ^ u commodity , wealth capital , and the natural order oi ' things is entirely rever ' - 'd . Antagonism and opposition ot'interest is introduced into the y'mmtunhy i capital and liibonr stand opposed : the noti-pnidiiciutr classes wage war with the producing , and r \ c--sMve and deadlv competition incite tbe producers . iL-aiii « t ' each otlnr . Money Incomes power in tlie hands of r ! n- capitalist ; disunion and competition become weakness on the part of the labourer . The iritere-Jr-f of the few heconie . ' pcnnaiK-nt , tin sc of the mass are neglected : the few rule , while the many serve ; the few are affluent , while the miinv are miserable .
>\ c would not have it supposed : that this ultini .-ittim lias been reached bv us , or that our condition a * working men is reduced to that c \ tivni' - of wretchedness to which the labourers of Europe have long since arrived , lint iifilu mean to assert that our present system of labour is / n / xt i /> / 't -hiri / ' / r , and in pnictice uujnft mul " [ i ( n \ 'S * ii't : to ( wruih'ti , null injurious to the ' itniMnnit' / . | In England the system has done its utmost : it lias raised the few to more than kingly wealth , while the many at , ; the same time arc sinking to the lowest degradation of utter misery mid wi ' etchi 'lness . In our own land similar results arc beginning tu show tliciMschts . and mu ^ t be seen a-- inevitably ris likt causes produce like effect * . ';'
1 . We believe our present system of labour is false in principle In the decree " in the sweat of thy face them shalt eat bread , " we trace the- original design of the Creator . Not that one should toil and another eat , but that the fruit of industry should be enjoyed by him who exercised it . Not that the few- should rule , while tin many serve , since <» od has revealed himself as the ruler , and all men are brethren . So far as we are able to discover the destiny of man from his organization , it is not merely to bu y and sell aud gel gain , but to bring out and strengthen those exalted natures with which he is gifted ; while our present system of labour would assert the former , but deny the latter . Thus does it deny in principle the evident facts of his nature , and ; entirely disregard those laws to which we are to look f ( j > r the indications of his destiny .
It makes labour a commodity-to be bought and stild in the market , and mau a mere machine . It deprives the man of all the power of an agent , and binds him as a helpless victim in the shambles , to become the property in possession of the highest bidder . Deprived of tinland , we had almost said of all ; those facilities and materials with which the Ood of nature has furnished mau for the exercise of industry , the labourer has no longer an opportunity to rely upon his ojwn hands as capital : he can no longer at will create value which , when created , i * to be his own ; but he must 'sell his commodity—his labour—his ~ inanhood—to another , to receive therefore the miserable pittance which but reveals his degradation , without increasing his store . > 1 . The present system of labour is in practice unjust and oppressive to ourselves ,
because—2 , It introduces false . standards of judgment . It separates the capitalist from thv labourer—placing the former with his respectability on the one side , or rather in the foreground , while the latter , with his tuilworu face and calloused hand , is left tn occupy the rear . It gives to the one power , to the othoi * no alternative but to « ubruit . It crowns tlie one with honour , ' the other nith disgrace . The one , though he may never have produced a single cent ' s worth in \ : tlue , is honourable ; the other is despised , though he may have added thousands and tens ot thousands to his country's wealth .
L ' . It deprives the actual producer of value of a fair pro . portion of the same , and the reward for his toil which is justly his due . This it does by the introduction of excessive competition amongst mechanics , caused by the increase of facilities for protection , which every year are throwing hundreds if not thousands of mechanics out of employ—thus bringing man iii direct competition with the inanimate machine , and giving to the latter the reward which should only and of right belong to the former . 3 . The present system of labour not merely dooms the labourer to excessive and over-protracted toil , but by consequence denies to him the cultivation of those social and
mental natures with which he is endowed . Receiving , as he does , but so scanty a pittance for his toil , he is under the necessity of protracting the same to procure for himself the comforts or neeessariQs of life . If four hours ' labour should be sufficient for- the satisfaction of human wants , provided all would bear an equal share of toil , if but half the community bear it , the burden is increased to eight hours , if only one-third , to twelve . Then worn with the labour of the day , drawn out through twelve , fourteen , or even sixteen hoursj he has little heart to engage in mental labours , or however greatly he may desire it , he has no opportunity—ho time .
4 . The present system of labour d isregards the great tie of brotherhood which should unite ail men , and brings into the most deadly and hostile competition parents and children , brothers and sisters , the child and the man , the male and female . It dooms the weak , the young , to bear the most grievous burden to gratify his own cupidity Through the introduction of labour-saving machinery , it is constantly supplanting the labour of the male adult , introducing instead that of the helpless female , or the still weaker child . In fine , the ! present system of labour . 1
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( Tst&pU / AJiS A y ¦ ^/ fc ^^ - zt ^^ Lintroduces ntter isolation * opposition * and competitioi £ destrojs the very life ' s blood of industry , makes it the slave of capital , and tramples on the laws of our being , the plain defined laws of the Creator . Again , the present system of labour is injurious to the community , because—1 . —It encouraged criiv . e by conip lling idleness . The two , it is said , go hand in hand ; ami our own observation will assure , us that if honest industry will not procure a livelihood , dishonestv or immorality must . As we have
previousl y shown , by our present system of labour intelligence is ' discouraged , or rather forbidden ; idleness is encouraged , and even compelled , and destitution and misery tlie inevitable result . A people were never known to be ignorant , idle , and miserable , and still virtuous . The statistics of England , France , and other countries of Europe abundantl y prove this ; and even amongst ourselves we are compelled to admit that intemperance , dishonesty , arid licentiousness find nowhere a stronger support than in the present derangement of the social system , mid the discouragements and difficulties under which labour exists .
' -. —ft creates great disparity in the fortunes of ruen j ami great inequalities in the interests of the State . Look at those , nations where industry is truly the slave of wealth , aud Mile by side you will behold the princely rich and the . most miserable poor : nay , a nation wealthy , but a people wretched . The . commercial interests rise , moneyid institutions prevail , and all the . instability accompanying overtrading is the inevitable result . > . —It causes a great waste of industrial power , checks proihuthc effort , discourages honesty in labour , and deteriorates the race .
And nerd vw ;> -k if a system , thus fruitful m the uiost deatU ; . evil ,- , is « hut it should be \ By i'o means . A ref ' " "ni in demanded . The otjy question which remains is , lion it \ ni \\ be secured . This is oik' which demands our ni' . st .-eri . ius consideration . it is that fjmuil problem which u now presented for solution t « . tin- woikiiig-uu-ivof the nineteenth f-ntur .. We do not pro ,-. ¦» ¦ . ihi > time to enter upon the work . It must be the business ol . cars , and in ' usecMfted by every individual who has an interest in iudu > trv . It demands the attention of every lo \ er of his country and humanity , and he who gives the same is eminently . the benefactor of his r ; u"e . To a few points allow up to call Your attention .
One ot the first things at which we should aim is the spread of a more general and loftier intelligence . As working-iii'ii , it becomes us w ell to investigate our present position , the relations we sustain to capital , and the causes which have already operated to reduce us to the condition in which we are at present . Knowledge of the laws of cause and effect , and a candid examination of facts , are absolutely indispensable to the conduct of reform . We must rely upon ourselves in this matter . Too long have we allowed others to think ami act for us ; and , submitting to their guidance and dictation , we may expect still to toil on in our present helpless state . The work before us Js mighty , and the preparation needed is great ; hut confidence in ourselves should be manifested , and more than half the preparation for the mighty effort is secured .
We should ever distinctly remember our object : not to elevate ourselves by depressing others—not to subvert all society , but to establish a correct one—not to war with any man or class of men—but to elevate ourselves—to strengthen the bonds of our brotherhood , to remove oppression , to assist the weak , to befriend humanity , and te emancipate man . For these purposes we should endeavour to promote unity of action amongst ourselves . Frequent assembling together , that we may become acquainted with each other ' s wants , permanent associations , and all worthy efforts for . our common good , should be diligently attended to . At present we are divided , isolated , and opposed . Frequent association and confidence will to a great extent remedy these evils , and secure for us in action that unity , without ' whielr it is impossible to accomplish any portion of the object we have ultimately in view .
Now i . s the rime for some action . A beginning' rnust be made . Every day disunion and competition are increasing our weakness , while the evils wliich oppress us are accumulating in number and magnitude . Not a moment is to be lost ; while , we have some power let us use it . However small may be the commencement , time will reveal the tremendous result . True , we have many obstacles to oppose ; but these should serve as no cause for discouragement , but rather to incite us to the higher and more determined action . Other movements , it is said , have failed ; but the present is based upon a broader platform—the eternal principles of right ; and so long as these are maintained we have the best assurances of success .
The numerous associations of working men which have already sprung up throughout New England , are most encouraging signs of promise . The deep interest which is being awakened throughout the community , and in special the ground which is assumed by the working men , give us the greatest cause for hope . The sacred spirit of liberty is again revisiting the earth ; the undaunted zeal of the fathers once more reanimates the sons ; and the marshalled hosts are gathering for a glorious contest and a bloodless victory .
Through tlic otiee darkened future the glow of hope is seen , which trlls of the coming of the broad day of freedom , when man shall stand erect in all the dignity of his nature—v . hen violence and oppression shall hide in the darkness of the past—when labour shall be disenthralled —tin- supremacy of humanity asserted , and the working man stand forth confessed as " earth ' s true nobleman . " I Among the resolutions passed vras one for the holding of a (' onvention to oriraiiise the Ne * v England Association ; the Convention to meet at Lowell on the third Tupsdav of March , 1845 .
FRANCE . The Journal de * DdaU of Tuesday , announces the marriage of the Duke d'Aumale to the Princess Maria Caroline of Salerno , of Naples , on the 2 . 3 th ult . The Republicans arc , it appears , not idle . The Ilvfunun of Tuesday contains a letter from M . I'ecquet , a corporal of the National Guard of l ' aris , complaining of the . seizure ( by order of the commander of the post at wliich he was on duty ) of a-petition fur improving the condition of the labouring classes , and of three copies ot' the appeal in their favour published by \ L Ledru Rollin . M . Peequct had protested against tliat act , contending that he had a right to present a petition for signature to his comrades in , as well as out of , a sruard-house ; and on the case beine referred to the Colonel , the petition was returned , but the copies of the appeal were retained . T 1 IK 1 'OLISII REVOLUTION .
Paws , Novemkkr yuth—Yesterday being the fourteenth anniversary of the Polish ^ revolution , the refugees assembled in the church of * St . Sulpiee , where a solemn service was performed foT tlie repose of the souls of their fellovv-countrynien who fell in the con-Hict . A Polish priest officiated . In the evening there was a dinner in the great room in the Rue de ( Jreneille St . Ilonore . — Ga . lifyiw . ui . Brussels , November o 0 . —The anniversary of the Polish revolution was celebrated here yesterday , by a solemn funeral service in the morning , by a meeting at noon , at which all the speeches were delivered in the Polish language , and b y another in the evening , where the orators spoke in French . The chair at the latter was taken by M . Casteau , a member of the Chamber of Representatives , M . ( iendebien having been prevented by a domestic calamity from presiding on the occasion .
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^ Emigration to the Tropics . ' —On Sunday afternoon Jast , the Society , held its usual meeting at the Parthenium , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane . After the usual business had been finished , the deputation appointed to wait upon the Ambassador ot- Venezuela , made a report that they had been eceived most courteously by his Excellency , who informed them that the religion of the Republic ' was Catholic ; but that the priests were paid by the State as all the Church property at the time of the revolution was confiscated and the tithes abolished . They are , therefore , the servants of the Republic The utmost liberty in tlie expression of opinions , political and religions , is allowed by the laws ; 'but , as a matter of prudence at first , emigrants should not run counter to the prejudices of the multitude , who were not overwise , as in most other
countries . Emigrants are tree from taxes for fifteen years . They choose their magistrates and police ; become citizens the moment tfiey land in the Republic , and all their persona ! property is admitted free of duty . The taxes for the expense of the Government are raised from a tariff ; a copy will be sent the society shortly . Joint-stock Companies are encouraged , and may have a charter granted to them . The report gave the greatest satisfaction , except that part'alluding to the priests . However , as all the emigrants will hereafter have a voice in legislating on this subject , they hope no evil will result . In connection with the society , a company is forming to assist in canning over those who are unable to pay their own passage , The particulars will shortly be published .
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Correspondents and Contributors are requested to send their communications , addressed" Mb . Joshua IIobson , Editor Northern Star , 248 , Strand , London , " as early in the week as possible . Ueports of meetings and other transactions occurring on ' Sunday or Monday must be in London on Wednesday morning ; the news of Tuesday and Wednesday must be posted off on Wednesday nig ht ; the news of Thursday , on Thursday night ; and the news of Friday , on Friday night . These instb . cctions mcst be stbictly abided by by the regular correspondents of tlie" . ? tar . No excuse will be received for neglect of duty or of slovenly performance of it . It is
our wish to make the Star an efficient organ of the great Movement Party : to accomplish this we will do oxnt paet , and must desire others to do theirs . Let us have the matter regularly supplied , and there shall be no cause for complaint for nOn-insertion . Secretaries of bodies of working men , whether banded together as Chartists or as Trades , will aid much in serving themselves and Labour's cause if they act on the instructions given above , and send such matters of- news as will be interesting to the reader generally , and of service to their own body particularly . We also inyit&alj- ^^ ^ friends to the cause of Labour to render ttairtfsa ^ gtanc * . 7 v \ to enable us to make the Star an organ jH 2 # \* $ Jbe «^ * \ 3 g comparison with any Journal in the ldngrom > ipiriT ^ ' , „ O Letters for Mr . Joshua Hob « on and j | f | ? ffi 5 rtgE ^ . ;^ > ' J 3 » jjj Haknet , must be addressed to the ? pn 1 ^ j ^;^ 5 ^ , Vt , ' —' ¦ s ~ S 17 , Great "Windmill-street , Haymarket , ItfpdotjtY \^ j > ' ' S . W £# '^ tm * g ^ VS ^ l vW * v i */ vr f \ v
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i ^ YUL . Mil . S O . 369 . LOKDOK , SATUBDAY , DECEMBER , 7 , 1844 . ^ . ^ gfS . E&K , " , ^
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AND NATIONAL TRADES JOURNAL ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 7, 1844, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct685/page/1/
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