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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE LAW AND THE PEOPLE . « We ' re hun gry , Mother , Jfire us bread The peasant "children cry > The peasant ' s heaaebold laboureth hard For the hire ot poverty . Th ere U money on the chimney piece , Yet the mother may not see Her children fed ;—What if they starre The Laxdiordha * his fee ! The rent is paid , the children pine ; The mother * heart is weak ; There i * shelter bat the hearth is cold , And ? winter winds are bleak ;" The serf most sit with chained hands , Till the frozen earth is free : Th ere is no money now ;—Oh , shame ! The State demand * a fee .
. Bludfroia astoatT—& Tain ezinss ; The labourer ' s bed is sold : R-faai doth he forth in the stealthy night , Although his home is cold ? He has snared a hare , for his children ' s food " Oat on the idle plea ! Let him be fined ! "—be lies in jail : — The Late most hare its fee . YTby ist that famished working men . In felon ' s jsH are pent ? That thieves and palaced pensioners , il&y gorge themselves with rent . What ist that widows honest wires ? That star ves poor families ? What made them poor ? The landlord ' s Law Both JV 5 TICE claim no fees ?
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TO EBKf . Taken (" trith a fete alterations J from an old Jrisi Magazine , Hy country ! too leog like-the mist on thy mountains , The cloud of affliction hath sadden'd thy brow , loo long hath the blood-rain empurpled thy fountains , lad p ity been deaf to thy cries—until now . Bum wert doom'd for a season in darkness to languish , ¦ t chiie others around the were basking in light ; g ^ roe i sunbeam e ' er lightened the gloom of thy
jg tie birthplace of Emmett , all seemed to be night-? * ? * * That is psst—and for aye let its memory perish ; The Charter arises , while perfidy ends , Wake Erin : forbear thy dark boAiaes to cherish , Tty tyrants are fallen , bright freedom ascends . let the past be forgotten , soon shalt thou fair Erin , pflag off the base spells which thy spirit enslave , Thou shait like the Beabird , awhile disappearing ; Emerge with thy plrcnage more bright from the ware . Once more "mong the verdure and dew of thy mountains , The shamrock shall ope its wet eye to the sun , TfiUfle fondly the mass shall recline by thy fountains , And warble her strains to the rills as they run .
And plenty shall smile on thy beautiful valleys , And peace " shall return—the long wandering dove ; j A » d freedom bo longer a byeword of malice , Shall reread out her wings o'er an Eden of lova Then joy to thee , Erin ! thy better day breaketh , ! Jhe long polar night of thy woe speeds away ; ; And as , o ' er thy chill breast the warm sunligit j awaked , j Each blossom of liberty shines in the ray . j Yet r emember—the bloom will be barren and fleeting , } If those act not with enerfy , constant and true ; j Then rise : and proclaim like tie wild surges' beating , , " Tee nstUioss no longer shall bleed for the few . " Boctdale . *"• ;
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THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN REVIEW , ; OR , EUROPEAN QUARTERLY JOUR- ; XAL . No 24 . London : Richard and John I E . Taylor , Red-Lion-Court , Fleet- * treet ; G&- j lign&ui , Paris ; Asher , Berlin . 1 S 41 . I The politics of this Journal are those of the free-, feade schooi ; but more ' liberal , and based , to some j extent , npoa sounder views , than the generality oT j &e Whig prints . The par ; before as opens with a J bug notice and analysis of Mr . Thomas Cariyle ' s t recent work on Chartism , which we have perused ; irith considerable interest . One thing is clea %$ hat j jiejiaer Mr . Cariyle , nor his reviewer , know fcfaat I Chartism is . They deal somewhat largely in * Sk * presentation ? , butwithout that low abase , art evi- < dently wilful perversion of facts , in which Qnr ) opponent ? so generally indulge . The admission '•/ distress , and of the right of the people to expect >
eaergeiic measures Urbe adopted for its remowi * or melioration , is tntOy admitted ; but they mistake > UHSr t $ » - «« 9 efr of ths evil and ttve twfwrce ] « T the remedy . They state that in srf Eoglish ^ I man' ? opinion the remedy for ail evi ' s is the exten- j son of the rafrage ; that if he has that , he con-1 sders himself free , and if he has it not , he is a i slave ; and they evidently consider this as a chimera . of the brain ; but they fail in showing cause for this t their judgment . Mr . ' Carlyle is an original thinker , ; and has told the higher orders very plwnly that for ; idlers there is no place ; fie says , in reference to the j Nsw Poor Law : — I
" X&rurs makes nothing in rain—not even a Poor Ls- » Amendment Act . For withil we are f \ r from joining in the outcry against these pojr Poor Law Cjmmissiosers , as if they were tigers in human shape-They are not tigers ; they are mtn filled with an idea Of * theory : their Amendiaent Act . heretical and damnable as a whole truth , is orthodox—laudable as a half-truth . To create men filled with a theory that refusal of cut-door relief was the one thing needful : Ifatcre had no readier way of getting ont-door relief ¦ refused . » * * In all ways it needs , especially in these tines , to be proclaimed Voud , that for the idle m * n thtre is so place in this England of ours . He that . win not woik . nnd save according to his means , let him . ¦ go elsewhere . * * * He that will not work accord- irj to his faculty , let him perish according to his necessity : ' there is no law juster than that- Would to heaven , one could preach it abroad into the hearts of , all sons 2 s-i danzbters of Adam , for it is a law appli- .
cable lo ail ; and briDg it to bear with practical obli- ) gsti&n , strict as the Poor Law BastLle , « n all . ' " He .-e i : wil ] be observed , that something -which baa ; t :: very generally been supposed to be a result of the j Parr iiw Act is at _ least hinted at . iir . C ^ rlyle pro- j eeeds to the same etiect : — " j " That this law of , Xo work no recompense , should ! fnt of a ! i be enforced on the mar . val worker , and : bron | ht itringeEtly home to him and his numerous > ckffl , •* hi . 5 so macy other persons and classes siiil go : loose from it , was natcjal to the case . Let it b * enforte-i t-ere , asd rigidly made goo J . It behoves to be enforced cTeryvrhtre , and rigidly mi £ e good . * * Wcrfc is the 'fission of man on this earth . A day is
« r = r strusg . ing forward , a day will arrive ; n tome apprcxiuilte d « gree , when he who has no work to . do , byrhatcver ^ ljub he may be named , will not find it fOfcl to show hicself on oar quarter of the Solar 5 yst « n ; tut may go and lo . k out elsewhere , if there be any idle planet difcoverable . * * ? Be that ran work is i burn king of something ; is in eommunion trith Xiture , is mister of a thing or thiDgs , is a priest aid kjig ef Nature so far . He that can work at tithing is tut an usurping king , be his trappings whai ti * T 5 Hi ; . ; hr is the born slave of all ' . Lings . Let a naa hi-aour his eniftmanship , his cart-do ; and know tts : his rights of man have " no concern at all with the r « -. 7-tcid ~ of Eiizibeth . " Speakiag of the suffrage he savs : —
" ftoa : C 0 ] d the English patient himself had a ecatiraail j Tccuning notion that this was it- The Engiith pic pie are used to suffrage ; it is their panacea f :-J al ! ths : goes yc-roug -srirh tiem ; they haxe a fixed iita o [ ssifrige . Smgulai tncugh : one ' s right te vote fjf & Mrcb = r of PflrliamfcEr , to send ost ' s ' twentythc ^ aECth r art of a masurr of tongut-fence to national pilsTer . ' The Doctors asserted that this was freedom , tod ro cthir * ? * * . A-d how shall we blame fe unTjt-rg sisappoinUrd niniions , that tbey too , ksTicg eu . 1 : ai- « h in wLat so many had faith in , still fctait ' cs : r = sk . a of senrage" the one thing E&edfnl ; * zi ay , is such manner ls ttey can—Let the suffrage i * K ll extended , then all will be well ? It is the spriest British faith , prc-mulea : ed in these ages by
prcj-Le 3 aCl evangelists ; preached forth from barreltea-is Ly ill manner of men- He who is free and blessed his his twenty-thousandth part of a master of tngne-ftLce in national palaver ; whosoever is not t := s ~ i > .- ; arhappy , the ailment of him is that be has it not . ought he n ^ i to haTe it then ? By the law of G-c I asd d XLtn , yea;— and will have it withal . Charts , irith its ' five points , ' borne aloft on p ike-beads and turch-light meetings , is there . Chartism is one of tti- E . oi : natural pheEomena in England . Not that CLarti > : t Ei-H- txitts shou- 'd provoke wonder ; but that the invited hungry people should have sat eight years »» ^ : ch table of tie Barmecide , patiently expecting Kcrthin g froa ibe came of & Reform ministry , and not &l afi « tijtt years have grown hopeless , this iB ihe rajpectabie sl-ie of the miracle . "
, >> e aj . ^ gi ad to find that thergviewer recognises tee intellect of the masses as the only source from which real reform can emanate . He says : — " Tfce people are running wild fer want of guidance ; fc- tie-y rouit continue ta run wild , if there be no CEii-s . { supplying it but by the wisdom of any class or tvjy -whatever . Let the teachers and governors be a ^ ¦«!* = as it js possible to conceive , they will not E--0 L . . jVns = wiidom , or the appearance of wiBdom . T - ^ y will rot meet wivh loyalty , * oi willingness to pioit ly vheir dirtcting iifiutnce . Is there then no far-V- -r r- ^ -iii ce ? Admitting that the condition . of the Vi-i ' -z is utterly unsound , icusi we accni . ic * in the
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belierttiat there is no power which can relieve the evil ? " Mr . Cariyle himself shall answer the question for us . " ' Twenty-four million labouring men , if their affairs remain nnregnJated , chaotic , will burn ricks and mills ; reduce us , themselves , and the world to ashes and ruin . Simply , their affairs cannot remain unregulated , chaotic , bat must be regulated , brought into Bome kind of order . What intellect were able to regulate them ? The Intellect , of a Bicon , the energy of a Luther , if left to i&glr own strength , might pause in dismay before sudti task ; a Bacon and Luther added together , to be perpetual prime minister over us , could not do it No otfe great and greatest intellect can do it . What can ? Only twenty-four million ordinary intellects , once awakened into action ; these , well presided over , may . '
" In these twenty-four million intellects we also place onr hope , and look for a substitute for the narrowed functions of the governing classes . It may not be practicable , or even desirable to produce in the mass Of the people entire confidence in others j but we know that thtre is a governing principle in every man , to which he may pay unconditional submission and reverence ,- and the more this is developed , the mere willing will be his recognition of the claims to partial or general obedience which others may possess in virtue of superior knowledge , or even of the possession ol law authority . " The ar ticle goes on to advocate emigration and a general system of national education as the remedies for acknowledged evils , with much contained in it we cordially coneur , and from much vre as cordially dissent . But it is worth a serious perusal , and affords matter for the deepest and most unprejudiced investigation and inquiry .
Besides this we have an article on Labour , Dutch Colonies , and Colonial produce , and on the Corn Laws , from all of which much valauble information may be derived . The great fault iB , all the reasoning goes to the support of a particular theory ; that of free trade directed to a specified end , that of increasing our foreign trade fo £ < cbe advantage of the trading and commercial « r 5 sses at home . The principles of Malthas and the Political economists are constantly kept ixr viaw , and the interests of the people are constantly overlooked . But though the reasoning is decidedly bad , the facts and tables are suck as will afford most essential information on a variety of interesting and iwportant subjects .
The article on Mihiqan ' s History of Curistianity is extremely valuable , entirely free from Tanoour or intolerance . It is a caadid , well-written epitome of the progress of Christianity , a < operating upon the morals and manners of society , from the first preaching of the faith by the Apostles , until the decline of the Roman Empire- In this review of a most important event in human history , equal justice is don ^ to all parties , and it is shewn that the various persecutions to which the early Christians were exposed had thtir origin in a supposed state necessity , and did not so msch regard the tenets of the faith as tk © influence it was supposed to exercise over the wellbeing of society .
In the nouce of Dr . Mill ' s critique upon wliat $ e calls the application ef the pantheistic theory to tke exposition of the history and criticism of the GosrbJ * the author rAeives a well merited rebuke for . the careless and inaccurate manner in which he ta ? translated Tarions passages of the German Philosophers , some of whose sentiments are evidently falsified . On the whole , the British and Foreign Review may be considered a fair and candid work , conducted wiih considerable literary talent , and affording valuable information on a variety of subjects .
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TRIAL OF BLAKESLEY , FOR THE JtURDER
OF MR . BURDON . At the Central Criminal Court , on Thursday Robert Blakesley was tried before Lord Abinger and Mr . Baroa Garney , { or the murder of James Burdon , the landlord of the King ' s Head publichouse , in Eastcheap . Sir George Carrol , Sir Chapman Marshal ] , and Alderman Hooper , were on the bench . Mr . Payne was counsel for the prosecution ; Mr . Bodkin and Mr . Charles Phillips for the defence . Blakesley , in a subdued tone * of voice , pleaded " Not Guilty . " He looked pale and thoughtful , and for the most part kept his eyes fixed upon the ground . Mr . Payne narrated how Blakesley murdered Mr . Burdon on the night of the 21 st of September . The first witness was Edward Bristow , a City Policeman ; who stated a conversation which had passed between the prisoner and himself on the morning of the 21
st" I remember the prisoner making application to me early on the morning of Tuesday th « 21 st of September . He said taa wife was detained at the King's Head , and asked me if I could not procure an interview with her . I said I thought I could ; and I referred him to the Sergeant of our corps . The prisoner afterwards went with me to the King ' s Head . We went in together . Deceased was behind the bar . Prisoner said . Now , Jame « , I am come to demand my wife . " Bordon said , ' You had better go abont your business . ' Blakesley said , « Y ouhearthis , Bristow . ' Isaid , Blakesleylintends to go before the Lord Mayor to claim his wife . ' Burdon said , * He had better go from here , ' and repeatedly added , 'I know nothing of him . ' I at leDgth said , ' Blakesley , we had better sro ; and we have dona' We then went away . Blakesley had previously told me that he had been unfortunate in business , and that his wife ' s friends had taken her away from him . "
Bristow added , on cross-examination , that Blakesley appeared to have been up all night ; and he showed a letter which he had received from his wife respecting her detention . George Harrold , a hairdresser , who shaved Blakesley on the 21 st , eaid that he told him all about the Interview with Mr . Burdon ; he exclaimed that it was enough to mako a man mad , and that if he bad had any thing in bis hand he should have phot Burdon . William tokddott , a policeman , was passing a botcher ' s . Sfo © with Blakesley , whom he knew , wberiifc Jiip § 2 wku ) of the affair , and seeing a kjufe » -orlS r ? lrrhShad
tbatia my h * d Isbtuld havetBedJt / ' . Brcddoo said , " Nonsense" ; and khen Blakesley added , " By God , I think I should . " * Charles Davis , a cutler ' s sou , sold a butcher ' s knife to Blakesley , at hie father's shop in Aldgate High Street , at one o ' clock on the 21 fit : it was sharpened at the back , at his rcqaest . Mrs . Bui-don related how the murder was committed . Wtieu-asked ifs ^ e--8 w Blakealey , she exclaimed— "I did s » e , h ' m-ri . see him Ijosr—the iiuzderer 1 " Lord Abinger— •? You must endeavour * o ealm your passions . " Blakesley covered his face yr&h his hands , and sobbed aloud . Mr . Burdon ^
proceeded" My husband was , at the time the prisoner came la , itting asleep on a chair near the table in the bar , and I £ ras sitting there with my sister . I heard something , « nd looking up saw Blakesley . He sprang to my sister , and stabbed her in the left side , saying , Your life , your life ! ' He then stabbed my hnsband , who was sitting in the chair . I then saw that he had a knife in his haod . ' He next atterupttd to stab me , but was prevented by my sister . He then rushed out of the bar wUtthe knife in his hand streaming with blood . My sister anil my husband fallowed him as far as the bardoor , when my hUBband reeled against the bar-counter and fell . The prisoner then turned round , with the knife is his hand , and looked at us . He came back half . way across the passage , when he threw the knife down and went out of the house . When he had the door io his hand to go out , he looked round a second time . I have never seen him again until now . "
Sojriji people who came to the assistance of the murdered man and the women , Mr . Cornelius Smith , the i » ed «» l man who was called to the spo : and found Burdon dying , and Dunn , the constable who arrested Blakesley at Hitchen on the 27 th September , were the other witnesses examined for the proseoqtian . Blakesley told Dunn that he did msu < 5 ltftW » i « . Wife , b , ut not Bujdop , £ Jn > , hart , not interfc * ed . ' " " '~ ' - * v ,, ^ Mr . Charles PbillfpT addressed the Jury , He attempted to exculpate the prisoner , on the ground of insanity ; his wandering about on the night before the murder showed that the separation from his wife had deranged a mind naturally weak . His whole life had been marked by visionary
projects" He . would quit home , be absent for a time , and then return apparently lost in thought , and unable to gire any account of the manner in which he had ppent his time . Sent into the country on business , he wonld return without having attended to it , and be utterly incapable of giving an account of himself He would spend his time , in wandering about and lying in the fields at night , instead of returning to the paternal roof , where all was comfort and happiness . If ihese acts did not prove insanity , they were proofs of such a state of weakness of intellect as would be very likely to be drir ^ a to madaess by cruelty . " -was . four in niiljfiin iifi | * Tm 7 * HIB WIWHM 'l > if ¥ l illness which paralvzed his limbs , bo tVia * . h * wonld
sometimes fall , and remain in that state for hours . That illness was considered to render his mind weak , He often remained silent , and refused to play with other bojs ; and afcer he grew op and he was employed in the warehouse , ho would sit at times with fixed eyes and quivering lips , as if he did not know what he was about . He had , however , said Mr . Blakesley , on cross-examination , never been submitted to personal restraint , nor had he had medical attendance ; and the witness had never scrupled to trust his baoks to him to keep . His conversation wa ? generally rationaL Mr . Robert Bell Williams
a wine merchant in Suffolk-street , deposed to a project which Robert Blikcsley once engaged in ; he took a house , which he chose because it was " pretty , ' at Foot ' s Cray , in Kent , in order to convert it into a bakery ; and he proposed to hire a cart aud horses at a livery-stable to carry the bread to town i < . T sale as bread baked in the country . Once , when his father refused to set him up in business in the country , he became violently convulsed , his face grew livid , and he said he would go and sell dog ' s meat in the street , or hang himself' upon a lamppost . In his reply , Mr . Payne explained that Mrs . Blakesley was only detained by her brother-in-law in order to provide for her wuile her husband was unable to do so . Lord Abinger , when he summed up , expressed an opiuion that no proof had been giventhat Blakesley ' s mind was aS ' ected to that degree that he did not Know what he was about . The Jury returned a verdict of '' Guilty . " When Blakesley was called on to say why sentence should not he passed upon him , he raised his right hand , struck it with violence upon his breast , and in a loud voice cried , " So help me God , I am innocent of the intent to murder James Burdon . " Lurd Abinger then put on the black cap , and sentenced him to death , amid deathlike silence . During the sentence he did not manifest any greater decree of emotion than at any other part of the trial ; but he kept his eyes steadily fixed upon the floor , aud in that state he was removed from tha rinr . l .-
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ADJOURXED DISCUSSION ON SOCIALISM AND CHARTISM , JOHN-STREET , TOTTENHAMCOUKT-KOAD- FRIDAY , SEPTEMBER THE 2 UIU . This subject continues to create more excitement than any other brought before the public at this Hall . -Mr . Fleming opened the the discussion . Socialism was more deserving of support , because it was tnoro comprehensive . If the Chartists ( btained all they asked Universal Suffrage , it even this would not effect any change in thu relative position of intelligence and igDOrance , of capital and labour ; the influence of class prejudices and class interests vould still prevail .
Socialism included in the field of its vision , man and his manifold wants , while Chartism contemplated man only as a political , rs a hustings animal , aa a Parliament animal , aa a statesman , leaving out all the other great questions connected with his uioral and intellectual existence , or if it did not leave the » out . it must take time to consider . They must first get the Charter , and then they would decide upon this subject ; but when will you get the Chatter ? Who will get the Charter ? Surely not a body of men who are destitute of political i&fluence , or who have no immediate controul on those who have votes—a body of mtn -who are without propetty , and who are inferior to other classes in numerical superiority , entertaining views of many subjects similar to those of Mr . Williams . He had proposed him as n
candidate at the Leeds election . It was a most magnificent meeting ; but what was the result , upwards of 100 , 060 persons wtre present Yet the show of hands for the Chartist candidates , was inferior to that of either Whig or Tory . A similar result was shown at Wakefield for the county election . What wealthy men—what wealthy corporations have you , advocating your cause ? What intelligence have you ? It must be admitted that wea : th and intelligence would always sway the destinies tf a country ; and that the CbartisU had not the intelligence necessary , was evidenced flora tbeir staple subject of complaint , being » vote , £ 30 , 000 for education , and £ 70 , 000 for her Majealy * horse * ; of what avail are your large public meetings—your
passionate appeals—your eloquent addresses ? He did not wi * h to disparage them , bat if Government was aware of IU true position , it would encourage them as safety valve * , by which to get rid of the pent-up discontent which would be gathering . Again , in a few months a meeting woald be called , strong resolutions pasied , much eloquent « peaking take place , and the spare steam being thus let off , all would go on quietly . The Sooial' ists take another mode ; they endeavour to get land—1 to get influence in accordance with existing laws and institutions , and so go out armed with their own weapons to meet the enemy . Mr . Fleming , then , traced the history of Soc . a ism and Chartism . Socialism had ' only bc-tn four and a half years in existence , yet they i were In possession of 1000 acres of land , and bad ex-
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pended upwardt of ^ 1000 in improving it . They had halU like the present , and some much larger all over the country , oa which they bad expended £ 50 , 000 or £ 60 , 000 , and in every element which constituted power , were stronger than the Chartists . He then alluded to the failures of the Chartists—to the expences of their Conventions *« ., and the division which existed among their ranks-showed the prejudice which existed against them , app ealed to the Methodists for example , and stated that from their conduct in the Potteries to Mr . Owen , &c , he should be afr aid to entrust political power Into the hands of so powerful bnt so ignorant a body ,- appealed to the Star in proof of the III feeling which existed in our ranks , and stated that Socialism was the only political remedy that like a mushrooja It conl < I not spring np in a night , but was like a giant oak which took centuries to bring it to perfection . °
Mr . 8 TAU , woop ; the Socialists had both evenings the advantage of having half an hour to open the subject Alrthe epepkers On the Socialist side have argued that ttwr people were not intelligent enough for to obtain Chartism j but they seemed quite to overlook that , aecwdlng toitheir own account , more intelligence wasnecefearytoforma Socialist than a Chartist and consequently we - were not intelligent enough for Socialism . ^ Heaiyf hear . ) But of what materials do they suppose the Chartists are made ; do they imagine they are ^ tottento | s or New Zealanders ; do . tbey know that theCaartistiiare a lanje part and portion of the Social body , who consider Chartism to be Ihe steppingstone to Socialism- ) do not the working classes produce all the wealth , build all the houses , fabricate all tha
clothing . Does not Lord Brougham assure us ' that the working classes write the greater portion of our works on arts and sciences . Have not your Social lecturers sprung from the working classes ? and yet you tell us they are not intelligent enough to vote fora Member of Parliament . If you wanted to learn a youth to be a shoemaker , you weuM set him to work at the trade Set us to work , and if we are ignorant we will learn . Mr . Stallwood tKen repliedto Mr . Fleming respecting the Chartjjta not possessing wealth or talent on their side , and showed that they possessed many advocates both talented and wealthy . He then contrasted the expense _ of their Congresses and our Conventions ; explained that the Hampshire estate was only leasehold , anil tbt the Social halls were not the exclusive property of ' ^ t&e Socialists , but the property of the
abariJWildM ^ i Axemplified the uncertainty of Social prosperity without political power , by referring to the conduct © f 4 h * ' ' Synod of Scotland against them , and showed that , i « the late persecutions , they had borne the brunt of the battle , and thereby shielded the Socialists ; that if there was a prejudice ncninst the Chartistt , thereTV 38 much more against the Socialists , that millions openly professed their adherence to the Charter , while few , very few , dare openly embrace the doctrine of Socialism ; that even Robert Dale Owen acknowledged it was impolitic so to do , If the working classed were to wait a century for the attainment of Socialism , it waa f « lly to ask for their support 'Chartism was more ^ practicably the middle classes were fast joining onr ranks ' , and therefore being the most likely to-be obtained It ¦ wae niost deserving our support , . . » v . .
Dr . SBOTSKiE aald" potne of the speakers contended for oncsldedness ; hclwaa for allsidetlness . The plain Engl * h of th » question was—will you give your sixpence , one shtlHng , « r two shllltnga and sixpence , to the Chartist * or to the Socialists . ( No . no . ) This was the truth ; and that made it a ticklish question . If Socialism could not be got in less than one hundred years , that was a lonjj time , they might not live so long . His Friend , Llsyd Jones , wanted to make Socialism toe big , to put too much in ; this was not rational , was not logical . He would tell them a fable . A man bought a horse ami cart , and wanted to make money by it ; « o he loaded the cart so full that the
horse csuia not draw it ; he asked his neighbour how he should manage , his horse would not draw it , and he could not make money . His neighbour told him not to load it so heavy , and he might then get-on . He tbougV . t Socialism to * heavy loaded ; he thought they hsd done wrong to take to farming Chartism ; and Socialism wa * a question of time and means . If they had ptenty of time and means , take Socialism ; if not , according to tbeir judgment , they ahoald cooperate together ; at any d ( Bi » on « tiatlon they Jjbfiuld , unite ,., XMfc ^ fr-tbUi btf * -ifc *» jgt gfO » A ^ ftB ^ rt& Tiacf atovelieWor eight htrnflrM present ; now look what co-operation bad don * .
. Mr . ? EA . X said their object was to see which system would prodocfl the greatest amount of good to th 4 greatest number ; mo | t of the plans brought forth by the Sodallatt for the amelioration of tne condition of mankind , are only adaptations of Radical principles , and wore first ppt forth by Robert Cowley , in the time of Henry VIII ., andtyefc BQiije of the Socialists spoke sneeringly ot Rajllcalf principles , « id asked what had they dene with the jnoney . &c , feey hid expended . What weuld the Socialist * have done if they had happened to have five hundred of their active members to support in prison , —jthear , hear , )—and what was the reason they had not ; their principles were more levelling thin the Chartists , but tbey had acted with more caution ; they had leavened their proceedings with muchibypoorfay , (^ fo , no . ) Was not their first toast , at their anniversaries &c , ' The Queen and the Royal . Family , " is B oothia hypocritical . I know that the Spti&UAaLantertalii . aa , much contempt , for- those idle
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w mmB ^ ssm ^ mmi ^ i they had " Biade . and the show of hands " being against them a 6 ' the Yorkshire elections ; there were many causes produced tfiis reBult ; but wonVd a Social candidate have obtained an equal number of hands held up ? Mr . Peat then alluded to the suffrage in America , and showed that the Social experiments had succeeded better . there there , on account of her democratic form of government ; showed the Impossibility of the poor weavers , and others , of this country , ever entering a community ; directed the attention of the Chartists to cooperation , and the advantages arising therefrom ; showed that the Social establishment at Tytherly was only s co-operative establishment , differing but in kind from those established by the Chartists in the JTorth ; showed that a Tory Government would not let them carry their operations in successful practice , and that the Charter was most deserving of oar support .
Mr . News was of opinion . that a great deal that bad been said by tbe Chartists was useless ; . it was not whether the Charter -would be beneficial , but Which system woultt b « most beneflciai . You have taunted us with the failure of our experiments in this country ; they were crude , undigested attempts , and the result waa in strict accordance with tbe Social principle , either positive or negative ; have not the Cbartists failed ; are they not divided amongst themselves ; and if you bad your wish— a fair day's wages for a fair day ' s workwhat would ye be but a race of well-fed slaves * Mr .
News then referred to the distress in America , which arose from the inequality of tbe distribution of wealth . They had been asked—what would Socialism do for the poor ? Now , what would Chartism do for the poor ? Dare you Bay how many years will elapse before you get it The Reform BUI was a paltry measure ,, as . compared with your Charter , and how many year * were the working classes combined with the middle classes ia obtaining even that measure , once get a community into perfect operation , and like our railways they wou-d soon surmount opposition and cover tbe whole land .
Mr . Pakry ha 4 not heard the Socialists advanee one good reason why they preferred Socialism to Chartism . All their efforts bad been directed to show that they w « re iu a prosperous , while the Chartists were in an abject , condition . Mr . Parry , in a style ot eloquence which completely carried the audience with him , showed the adtantages to be derived from the Charter , and that it was the most deserving of support , because most adapted to our present circumstances . He exposed in a masterly manner the plea of our non-intelligencu put forth by the Social advocates , and said that oa the previous evening he had heard Mr . Jjloyd Jones dilate on the pride of the High Church party , on tbe affected
pride of the Quakers , on tbe arrogance of the Methodists , but he seemed to forget tbe beam in their ew » eyes , the leading frailty of the Socialists—their own class pride . He ( Mr . Parry ) should wish tbe s « b $ e «* before them to be BubjecteA to the teat of the largest jlubllo meeting that could be procured-in the metropolis , and they would then be able to ascertain whieb was most in favour with the public , Socialism © r Chartism Mr . Psrvy throughout the whole of his admass waa greeted with tremendous applause , and was allowed by all to b » the most eloquent defender of Chartist principles , wno baa yet appeared on the metropolitan boards .
Mr . JLloyd Jones . —He was-not opposed to an expression of public feeling , but he blamed tbe warmth with which it was manifested . Why should two parties , who approached so near to each other in their ultimate object aud only dififcred in their mode ef carrying it out , be led by excess of feeling into apparent opposition . Mr . Jones , in his usual calm and graceful manner , dilated on the principles at issue . He allowed that class pride was n fault into which , as a party , they might happen to fall ; be was thankful to be told of thefar errors , and he hopsd their Chartist brethren would
receive tbeir hints in a . similar manaer . Mr . Jones , in conclusion , challenged Mr . Parry to discuss the question with him at some large plaee of public meeting , or Mr . Parry and one other , against himself and a friend , and he had no doubt if the audience were all Chartists , that he should convince them of the superiority of his principles . The meeting then adjourned , the feeling of tbe audience decidedly preponderating in favour of Chartism . Mr . T . M . Wheeler will © pen the Bubject on the ensuing Friday , on tbe Chartist Bide of the question .
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THE TOWER OF LONDON . AWFUL CONFLAGRATION . An event which will be long remembered in the annals of English history , and which may be regarded in every respect as a truly national calamity , visited the metropolis on Saturday night last—viz , the entire 'destruction , together with its contents , of that magnificent building , forming bo prominent a feature in the far-famed Tower of London , denominated " The Grand Storehouse Small Armoury , " containing , in addition to ar almo&t and innumerable quantity of trophies , and ofoer evidenoes of UritLsh glory , no less a number than 200 , 000 stand of arms , fee .
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In order that an adequate idea may be formed of the extent of this serious loss to the country , it may be as well to lay before our readers an accurate description of the buildings destroyed , taken from authentic records , before entering into any of the facts connected with it The " Grand Storehouse Is north of the White Tower , a fine building of brick and hewn Btone ; it extends in length 345 feet , and is 60 feet broad ; it was commenced by James II ., and finished by William III . On tbe first floor of this edifice la that magnificent room called the Small Armoury . On tbe south side of this
structure is a stately door-cas * . adorned with four columns , an entablature , and a triangular pediment of the Doric order . Under the pediment are the Queen ' s Arms , with enrichments of trophy work , by the celebrated artist Gibbons . At the west-end of this building is situate tbe church , founded by Edward III ., and dedicated to St . Peter in chains , in which are deposited the remains 4 > f many noble and some royal personages , executed within the Tower , or on the hill , anil buried here in obscurity . On the east of this building is situate the newly . ereeted Jewel Tower , in which the regalia and all the Crown jewels are kept . "
The conflagration , which exceeded in grandeur even the great flre at the House of Commons or the Royal Exchange , caused the greatest consternation throughout the entire metropolis , and from the commanding situation of Tower-hill , many thousand persons had an opportunity of witnessing the progress of the devouring element . From the great excitement and confusion which it may naturally be expected such an event occasioned , it was impossible that on Saturday night anything but a mere outline of particulars could be obtained . Tbe following , however , being the result of diligent research in every quarter , snd from information derived from the very highest authority , cannot fail of being as accurate as circumstances will admit of . _ v
The first outbreak of tbe fire took place precisely at half-past ten o'clock , at whieh time the attention of the sentinel on duty oir the terrace , near the Jewel-office , was attracted to what appeared to be a glimmering light under what is termed " tbe Round Table , " or cupola of the Round Towet , which is detached from the Armoury on the north side , facing the Trinity House , Tower-hill , and eastward te the grand staircase leading to the Small Armoury . In the first instance the senthwr took no- notice of it ; but shortly after observing that it became stronger , and being convinced that something waa wronfj , he fired his musket to give an alarm , and in a tew minutes the whole of the officers turned out , and the entire battalion of Scots Fusilier Guards , quartered In the Old Mill Barracks , mustered
to the sound of the rappel . The flames in a few minutes began to burst forth from the windows of the Rouud Tower with fearful violence . To describe the excitement which prevailed , not only amongst the military , but the civil residents of the fortress , would indeed be an act of supererogation . Suffice it to say . the instant the drams beat , the alarm , the whole of the troops , several hundred in number , were seen rushing out of tbeir quarters in all directions , many in a 6 tate almost of nudity . Tbe moment Colonel Auckland Eden , the officer commanding , was made acquainted with the nature of tha alarm , he lost no time in despatching information to Major Elrington , the acting Governor of the Tower in the absence of Colonel Gurwood , the Deputy Lieutenant He then directed the soldiers to turn out the Tower engines ( nine in number ) , which was immediately accomplished , and they were brought to the spot , and active measures taken to have
them in readiness to meet any emergency ; for some tfroo , however , sufficient water could only be procured to work one , which proved of but little service , in consequence of the tremendous height of the Round Tower , and the great difficulty of obtaining a position whereby it could be reach *} . Within a few minutes of the alarm being given the flames were clearly discernible on Tower-hill , and information was promptly conveyed to the various fire-engine stations throughout the metropolis , and thousands of persons were congregating from all directions . The first engine that made its appearance was that belonging to the parish of Allhallnws . Barking , and it was speedily followed by three other engines belonging to parishes in the precincts of the Xaw « r . On-their arrival they found the western sate complafceJy ^ barricaded , j » ad the officer in command for sometime refused ' them admission , having received orders to admit no one .
Shortly after the large engine and others belonging to , tJke . London Fire Brigade arrived , and subsequently , the order being countermanded , the engines were admitted , and at once made the best of their way to the Bro . idwalk fronting tbe White Tower and the Small Armoury , and took up their respective sUtiens fronting the grand entrance to the latter building , which had previously been broken open , although no fears where then entertained that it would become a prey to tbe flames , tbe fire being at this time confined to the Round Tower , although it was burning with fearful violence . Under the direction of the warders the firemen procured water from tanks which are sank in various parts of the Tower , and proceeded to get their engines to work , the soldiers working them with the . most praiseworthy
i ^^ alacrity . The hose was in the first instance conveyed through the lower part of tbe " GrknAiStDrehovise" and up the grand staircase to . the tfittij& ^ the Armoury , which -waa then untoucbe < V ¦" . OwSttg Jo the excitemeni . faowavor . ^ wlOcb ^^ MeiflMli ^ t ^ iabwi nl wwd , *© -immediate ^ formation - «^ li < 1 W "< JbT 3 inftd ' eftEe * aa to" '?*« ¦««""—<> t .-. « mfc » ., i « . p ' * "h . ^ JBtf 1 ^ * M tower , or to the exterior of the roof ; anaTiad the , firemen obtained their object , little or no service eould have been effected , inasmuch as within , a few ' minutes ' afterwards the water had sunk bo low in the tanks alluded te that the hose of the engines could not reach it . By this time , a quarter to eleven o clock , tbe ongines from Jeffrey ' s-square , Whitecrosa-street , Morgan ' a lane , Southwark-bridce-road . and others which
were at the time at a fire raging in tbe Strand , arrived with Mr . Braidwood , the superintendent , as also those of the West of England and County fire-offices , an < 4 tho Custom-house . By eleven o'clock the destruction of the Round Tower was complete , and for a short time great hopes existed that danger was at an end , but sub ^ sequently a cry was raised that it bad reached the Armoury roof nearest adjoining it This was found to be too true , and although it is needless to pay that every effort that human power could devise was resorted to in order to saTe- this magnificent and stupendous structure , or in some measure check tbe progress ot tho flames , it is to be regretted that they proceeded with a fury which baffled exertions almost superhuman , and which has ended in its total destruction . On
finding this was the case , a general rush was made by the soldiery in order to secure a » many of the arms and other valuables as possible , and two of the brigade engines having again obtained a supply of water through tbe medium of others stationed near the river . Macfcay and Staple , tbeir respective engineers , carried the branches into tbe great Armoury-room , ami got to work , managing to retain their position for nearly half an hour , playing upon the ceiling wherever the fire made its apptarance ; but a large quantity giving -way , the whole of the interior between tho roof and the eeiling was found to be on fire . This made them quit their position anrt make their escape by the jrrand stairease , and in an instant after the entire ceiling of the spacious hall gave way and filled it with smoke and
fire . By this time , twenty minutes- past eleven o ' clock , the flames were Been issuing from all parts of the roof of the building , anrt subsequently reaching to the Clocktower in tbe centre . The scene which presented itself was at once terrible and awfully magni Scent . The flames , which shot np to a most alarming height . had so completely reddened the horizon , that it bad attracted to the neighbourhood of Tower-hHl countless multitudes , and the lurid glare whio ' i the devastating element sbed upon them , and upon the various craft with which the river Thames was-studded , was preturesque and appalling in the extreme . Crowds of people still continued pouting in to Tower-hill from every avenue that led to it , and several times it was- to be feared that an assault would have been made Sr the
populace npon the Tower gates , and which would doubtless have been the cas « but for the strong bodies of troops stationed there , and the arrival of between 200 and 300 of the Metropolitan police under tbe oilers of Superintendent * P ^ arce ami May , and Inspectors Maclean and Wall ; vr , and also a strong body ot the city police force , a ; ting under Mr . Inspector-Bradley . The criea of peisorji fot permission to enter the Tower who had friends reiident therein were incessant , asd several conflicts took place . This state of things continuing . Major Elrin ^ ton deemed it advisable to send for a reinforcement o 3 troops , and about half-past one o'clock a
battalion o ? the Scots Fusilier Guards , 4 . 0 & strong , arrived , and ' jhose who bad been working at the Sre and ha <* been on duty at the gates , were in some measure relieved . The gongs of feae larse floating enzioes of the fire brigade announced their arrival from thsir respective stations of Southwark-bridge an *} Rotherhithe off the Tovser wharf , and added to the general tUn and confusion . Having been , moored close alongside Traitorsgate , cumbers of pessons flacked to their assistance , but havin ? no less than 700 feet of hose to lay down befor * the water could be brought to bear upon the now xiass of flame * it had become too lata for them to he of any effected service .
$ y half-past twelve o'clock tho conflagration bad reached to a frightful magnitude . It bal extended through the flooring of the Small Armoury into the lower compartoent , occupied by the train of artillery , and those splendid trophies of England ' s RloTy so -well known to the public . From this period the ftimes eontinued to increase with such fearful violence that apprehenaions we » e entertained that every part of the Tower would be overwhelmed ami beoome a victim to them . Fire was to be seen gushing forth from every wiadowof the bulldiag , which had all the appearance of tie orator of some wlcano . Tha beat became so intense that it waa utterly impossible for a human being t » stand on
the broad walk between the Armoury and tbe White Tower , and before it was possible to remote-the engines , Bom * of them were burnt very considerably . At one o ' clock tbe wh ole of the Clock Tower , wbioh had stood tottering for Bome time , together with a great mass ol the roof , and some portion of the upper heavy stow work of the building , fell in with a tromer . dous crash resembling the firing of heavy artillery . Immediatel : after this , the flinies for ? om » time increased theii height , but assumed a ljviu hue of a most unearthlj description , ami evidently blew over In the direction o : the White Tower , for wtueb great fears were now en tettained . It is cuviow to remark , Unit , uotwitbstand
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ing the intense beat which it had to sustain , tbe vane ok the top of the cupola of the Clock Tower kept its polnfc to the north-east , at which it was pointing whes tha fire commenced , even at the time the tower fell in . All attentions were now directed towards the White Tower and the Church of St . Peter . The leaden wafer pipes , running from the roof of the former , were melted , and the frames of the windows had already ignited , bat a plentiful supply of water having been obtained , the exertions of the firemen , soldiers , < fcc , were directed to it , and it was only by copious streams of water being paured upon it , that it was rescued . The Church is also indebted to tha praiseworthy exertions of the of&cera of the garrison and the soldiers under their command , for its preservation . The Jewel Tower next attracted the attention of'theJ
authorities : the wiud having shifted , blew the flames in that direction , and its destruction appeared inevitable . On this circumstance reaching the ears of the Governor , Major Ellington , be instantly directed the warders to break it open at all risks , secure the regalia and Crown jewels , and bring them at ouce to him . To effee ^ ttfa crowbars were found to be indispensable . Mr . Swift , the master of the Jewel Tower , who was sent for , was found to be in possession of the key of the outer room only , the other keys to those valuabJes beiDg in ' the possession of the Lord Chamberlain . On gaining on
entrance , much further difficulty presented itself in tha removal , of the strong iron railing with which tho diamonds , &c . were surrounded . After a lapse of about twenty minutes it was effected , and a most extraordinary scene presented itself , the warders carrying crowns , sceptres , and other valuables of royalty between grotips of soldiers , police , firemen , and others from tbe Jewel Tower to tbe Governors residence , which is situated afc the very farther extremity of the green . None , kowever , sustained the slightest injury , and by dint of most prompt exertion tho Jewel Tower itself was saved .
At two o ' clock the fire was evteeotty at its greatest attitude , and a rumour spread abroad , even amongst the inhabitants of Tower-hill , that a large mag&s-. ne was attached to the Armoury , and great fears were now entertained that a general explosion weuld take piste . At times it appeared that such was really the case ; for occasionally the flames would vomit forth borafngr embers of immense magnitude , again subside , arfd ftgtin repeat their dreadful thunders . Tills continued uritii about a quarter to three o ' clock , wtfen the fire showed symptoms of abating its fury , and" began to ^ expend itself so far aa to dabJe the tirem . n , together with , tha engines , to re ^ approach the ruin ' s . Prior , howeveri-to this taking place , a new cause of alarm arose in the Mag office , which contains some very valuable mapa , recortte , &c , catching flre . That , however , was aoon got under , snd all the property placed in safety . Attention wm now again directed to the main building , and copious streams of water being poured into it in every direction .
between four and five o ' clock on Sunday , raornin ? ail danger of the flames spreading further had oeaMd . Not long before five o ' clock a portion of the upper part of the Ronnd Tower fell down with fearful violence 0 a to the reof of the barracks opposite the King ' s Head , which it drove in , but without injuring any one . Notwithstanding , the further progreia of tha flames waa not apprehended . During the entire of Sunday ihe > centre of the building presented one body of flre . It is a complete shell ; nothing whatever remains but tbe walls and the splendid piece of architectural masonry at the summit of the building over the grand entrance , and they are in such a tottering condition that they are momentarily expected to fall , and sentries are placed in order to prevent persons going within a prescribed dfslance . The only relic of glory that meets the eye amidfct this huge scene of desolation is an immense anchor taken . at Catnperdown , which stood on the left of tfta grand staircase .
By the kindness of Major Elrington , who , in tie absence of Colonel Gar wood , the Deputy-Lieutenant ot the Tower , acts as Governor of the entire garrison , the reporter was favoured with the following information : —The gallant Mbjot states , that Colonel Gurwood having occasion to leave England for France during . Saturday , he , at six o ' clock that evening , assumed the poet of Governor of the Tower of London . At half-past tan o ' clock he was at his official residence , which is facing St Peter ' s Church , when he was alarmed by hearing the beat of the drums of the troops quartered in the garrison , which consisted of a battalion of the Scots Fusilier Guards and a company of Artillery . The roiling of the drums bad scarcely subsided when be waa informed that the Armoury was on fire . On going out he found
the troops were mustering , and observed that file was issuing ju * t through the roof of the tower at the back of the Armoury . He instantly gave orders to Colonel Auckland Eden , who was the Colonel in eommand of the troops , to employ the men as actively as possible in getting tho fire under , which vrder was carried out with the greatest promptitude ; but the fire had got a © great a hold that before a sufficient . supply of water could be obtained tbe entire roof of the Armoury was in flames . The fire engines soon arrived , but , oatwithstanding the exertions of the soldiery , coupled with the assistance of 200 of the metropolitan police , and fifty or sixty of the city police , tbe flames , began rapidly to spreai , and in the midst of them Captain Ddlme Davies , of the Scots Fusilier Guards , rushed up
( he grand staircase , and , with the assistance ot bhs . servant , succeeded in securing the sword and belt of his late Royal Highness tha Dafee of York , and also the celebrated Maltese g « rot ^ j * r ] xieh was taken from MalUfc by the Frenck in 1 ?!) 8 ,. fcn . i suUeyientl ; captmea f ^^^ g ^^ fe ^^^ te ^ &fc ^ tnat the fllmea ^ ctwtny ' nMiM ^* - vrfrA--tjr ^ kik . ; . T " np *« r « ' ^ te «» 4 isi ^ hfe : ^ iA . . easterly directioi ! L _ to . ( MajSf Elringtoii ) became alarmed fpr £ h £ , BteTy ~" of the . Jewel Tower , and instantly gave directions for the warders , at any risk , to secure . 'them and plica the jewels in safety . They , however , with ' great difficulty accomplished their task , having to gairi , admittance to the jewel chamber by means of crowbttW-ind other instruments , the keys thereof being in the
possession of Earl Delawarr , the present Lord Chamberlain . They were ultimately , however , deposited in safety in the Governor ' s house . By four o ' clock on Sunday morn > ing the entire of the Armoury was levelled to the ground , and there being no fear of a further exteasiott of the flames , he ( Major ElringtoB ) felt it bis daly tb > convey the melancholy intelligence to his Grace the Duke of Wellington , the High Constable of the Tower , asd at that hour he despatched a messenger with & letter to his Grace ' s residence at Apsley-liuuae , and at the time of tbe iDterview ^ of tbe reporters with the Governor of the Towel his Grace's answer waa received ! .
It was expressive of deep regret that so serious- a loss had befallen the nation , and a desire to be informed if any further calamity had arisen , and- whether his presence vfd £ at all required . At the period his Grace ' s letter was received a report had just reached tbe Governor that a man had been killed by the falling in of some portion of the building . Major Elrington , being ? desirous to obtain all the accunte inforraatloa in his power , in order to furnish it to his Grace , states that he made ' application to Mr . Braidwood , the superintendent of the London Fire Brigade , and obtained from him tho following statement , which La-with great courtesy handed to the-reporters : —
" London Fire Establishment Station , 6 S , Watling-street , 8 anday Morning , Oet . 31 . " Sir , —According to your request , I beg fa >> state that the alarm of the fire in the Tower was given at three-quarters past ten o ' clock-, p . m ., of the 30 th insfc . On arriving there I found the circular building behind the grant ) staircase , leading to the small gun armoury , completely on . fire , and tha flames were extending along the majn building on both sides , Tbe height whlah tha flames had gained , and tbe construction of tbe building , with the scanty supply of water k prevented any hope ot saving the building itself . Ev « ry exertion was , therefore , made to save those adjoining , which were happily preserved . " The Map Office was at . one time in very great danger , whioh was averted by the exertions o £ the firemen , with the very efficient assistance of the troopa .
" The "White Tower was-also at one tsne ia extreme danger , and the arrangements of the officers , and exertions- of the soldiers alone prevented its destruction . " The fire appears to have commenced 5 n tbe wortshops behind the large Armoury , but I have not beeh . ab ! u to ascertain the cause . " Tha engines present at the fire were : — Nine belonging t < 9 tho Tower of- various sizes ; eight large engines , belonging to the-London Fire Establishment ; two powerful floating engines , also of the Fire Estab-Hsnnien ) : one belonging to the West of England Insurance-Company ; one- from the County Office ; one from tie Custom Houso > and four parish , engines .
" In . conclusion , I bej to say , that the danger of tha fire -i-jather extending now no lon (? &r-exists , bat , notwithstanding , several ol the Fire Establishment engines will remain on the spsi . " Sir , "I have , the honour to be , " Your obedient servant , " Ja » e& Braiswood , " Superintendent of the £ jaadon Firs Establishment " " To Major Elringfcm , Officer in Command in the Tower . "
Mnjor Elrington also states , that the workshops ia question were closed about the same tin » as the gates of the Armoury , five o ' clock , and from ia ^ uiries he had caused to be wade of the pezsona wh © were the last to > leave , the buildings appeased perfectly safe . With respect to the origin of the Sre , hethosghtit was caused from the flaw of the stovea . > * ' About twelve o'clock oa Sunday an accident of a fatal nature ocearred to one 08 the Fire Brigade , named B . Witel . The unfortunaU-man was engaged in throwing water from the braneh of bis engia&on to the building * at the » ast extremity , sear the jewel-room , when a Lug * piece of coping from the top ot tke building fell ofthta , ard killed him on tha spot . Several other accidents haw occurred through a similar circumstance , sob * of th » m of a very seriouB chamter .
Throughout tbe whole day the vicinity of the Tower presented a most animated scene . Thousands crowded the gates of the fortress , anxious to gain admission , but the same rigid orders being adopted they were not successful , unless they had an order from the Governor , or some high authority . In the course of the afternoon the scene of devasta tion was visited by several Members of He * Majesty ' s Government , the Lord Chamberlain , Lord Hill , Commander tn Chief , the Lord Mayor , it Henry Haxdlage , Col . Wyse , &c
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"ROYAL LOYAL" LIBERALITY . Loyal Exchange Repeal Association , Corn Exchange Rooms , Dublin , 13 ; h Stpi ., 1841 . Deab Sib ., — I beg to transmit a series of resolutions pas-ed at our public meeting this day , expressive of our opinion a ; ; his Association , aa vo ( toe real views of Chartists interfering with the Repeal . cause , and the coarse which we recommend the Repeater to putoue towards them . . "' ' - ¦ ' : It k deemed of importance that you be pleaqeif to commuDicare Ok purport of ; lie resolutions as widely as you can ameng the frieuds of Ireland . I have the honour to remain , Dear Sir , Your faithful servant , T . M . Rav , Secretary .
At a meeting of tbe Loyal >< at 5 onal Repeal Association , held at the Great Rooms , Corn Exchange , on . Monday , the JSih September , 1 U \ ; Ed-ward Clsmbsts , Barrister-at-Law , in the chair ; the foll « J 4 cy ? Tesolutious , moved by Daniel O'ConnrelL , Esq ^ M . P ., were unanimously passed : — JB « 3 p ] vco !—That Mr . Ray be instructed to write forthwith to the Repealers iu Birmingham and other places in England , cautioning * aem against any species of connection with ( be Caartists , and begging of them to exclude ail known Chartists from their meetings , and stating that otWewise they themselves « R&t b * exoteded f ^^ KMi «»» it ^ rociation ^ as we can b&v » siov « S 8 BEcu 9 fi wltinSoeVQf With the Chartist hotyL , ' Resolved , That Mr . Ray do state to the Repealers in Etgland these reasons for excluding the . Chartists from any communication with them : —
1 . That the Chartist 3 have combined with the Tories in the recent elections , in all the towns where ihey had acy itfluence , to support the Tory candidates , especially those most hostile to the religion and people of Ireland . 2 . That the Chartists , as they are the worst enemies of Ireland , arc , on tbe other hand , the best friends of the Tory priDciplo of absolutism , making a- pretext of being reformers , but , in reality being the most active opponents of practical reform . 3 . That by means of Chartist violence , in the disturbing of public meetiugs , rational Reformers , disposed to tranquillity and peaceable exertions alone , have been driven into eilence , and , we fear , have faJieD in : o apathy .
4 . That the base tyranny of tbe Chartists , in forcibly preventing the public expression of any popular opinions differing in any degree from their own , have been the means of securing Tory misrule and tyranny , by stifling the salutary voice of public opinion . 5 . That the Chartists have completely ± guoeeeded in putting an end to all Societies and Associations in England for Parliamentary Reform . The Reformers are disconnected aud driven into silence . Under the auspices of the Chartists the Tories have everywhere triumphed .
t 5 ; h . That the Chartists having suffjeated the cause of Reform in England now seem determined to try the same game with respect to the Repeal iu Ireland . They affected to be Reformers iu England , that they might iDJure ihe cause of Reform ; some of them dow affect to be Repealers , with the ill-concealed determination to injure and destroy the cause of Repeal in Ireland . 7 . That the attempt to produce dissension among the Irish Repealers , is made by the Chartism uniting with the most inveterate and bitter of the Tories , in false and atrocious calumnies , against the leaders of the Irbh people . The Times and the other most unprincipled Tory journals , are scarcely equalled in the malignant calumnies , against the leaders of the Irish people , by ihe equally faUe and atrocious libels of the Chartist press . In short , the Chartists and toe lories are playiug tho sinne ga . me , Jn the same way and by the same means as i&r as relates to the Repealers of Ireland .
8 . That the interference of Chartists with the Repeal cannot be intended for anything but evil , because the Repealers avow , and are ready to work out the same principles of Reform which the Chartists pretend to adopt . The Repealers assert as their principles of Reform , that general right of voting which the Chartists most inaccurately call Universal ; that ia , the Repealers insist that every male adult , arrived at the age of twenty-one , should have the right to vote ( unless he be a lunatic , idiot , or convicted of any flagitious crime ) , whether he be householder or lodger , provided he shall have resided in the district in which he votes for six continuous months i > sfore voting . This we call General " or Household Suffrage , and it is , in faci , identical -svi ' . h that which is by the Chartists mis-called "Universal . " Is ext . The Repealed are dtcided advocates for the Vote by Ballot—the only honest mode of
votng . Next . The Repealers are for shortening the duration of Parliament ? , so as not by any possibility to exceed the term of three yaara . Next . The Repealers are for equalising the electoral districts . ,. , . Next . The Repealers are for abolishing toe Property Qualification . Next . The Repealers are for allowing any constituency to contribute to the support of their representatives . This being the political creed of the Repealers , with respect to Reform , there i 3 not the smallest occasion for engrafting Chartism upon the Repeal struggle , or for contaminating tbe pure and holy cause of Repeal with the torch and dagger turbulence of unprincipled Chartism . _ risk the dan
Lastly . The Repealers tvill as little - ger as endure the contamination of Chartist violence . Leading ChartistB have proclai-iied the torch and dagger , as adjuncts to t / . eir agitation ; leading Chartists have appe » red in open battle array against the Queer ' s troops ; and now that the leaders of that ins ? jrrection have been upon ihe merits , convicted of high treason , although deprived of the benefit of a point of law ; yet though the conviction was upon ihe merit ? , these leaders art cried up as martyrs by the Ctar . ists . Their name ; are invoked with appl ? . nse at their public meeting ? aud thus Chartism bee , omes united with high treason The peaceable , terjperate , moral , and loyal Repealers ot Ireland o' . n , therefore have no connexioE with practical Chavtism . Edtvabd Clements , Chairman . T . M . Ray , Secretary .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 6, 1841, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct728/page/3/
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