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ilocal anSJ <&sncvat JcUtclIiscuce
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. MECHANICS' INSTITUTION A ^ D LITERABY SOCIETY . : On" Monday evening last , was held the first genera siceucg of the members of the United Mechanics' LiSiitn-Joa and Literary Soc-ie ; y . Thy meeting vras held ia the Saloon of ihe Mechanics ' Hall , ai half -past seven o ' clock ; there was a very Urge attendance . On the motion of ilr . Winis . ni West , seconded by the Rev . Charles Wickstsed , John Hope S ' aaw , Esq . "was caika vo the chair The CiiRuaian expressed tua grithuce he felt for
the bvnour of being called upon to preside at the first ui :: tid saee ; in 4 of the ll-chamcs' Institution &ad Ln =: » ry Socls : y , aud hi- ? j ~ y & . % tbe consummation of i .-e union—a joy which was . materially damped by a noie which had been put , into his han - s ofi ^ r he had entered the rvonj , end v ? h : ch apolo ^ iitu for lie lion-ar . vn . auce of ^ ir . Baine ? , on account of a sudden at'ach of illness ,. under which hi ? medical man had debarred him from takicg part m their proce ? G-, Lg : v The Ch ^ iricaa then entered felly into " tbe advantages which would be ssoutcd by their union , and then called upon Mr . E . Ba : iics . Junior .
Mr . E . Baix £ 3 , jun .. read an elaborate- report , which fit the reqsest of the Commit ! e ; hi- had dra ^ rn op . li was of very con = id . erabli . " icrg h , of which we give t ' . e luost important part ; . A-u-r some introduoiery matter it proceeded io consider"I . IHE PRESENT STATE OF TUS TWO 1 S 3 T 13 TIIOXS AT THEIK . UNION " . " The Mechanics' Institution has . tt thi 3 time on iia boots— 77 Proprietary members . Cl' 7 Yearly and Half-yejsly subscriberE . 4 r-4 TotsL
"It : » found thai the number of subscribers flactnatvs c-- . ^ 'i erably . according to the attractions "which may fr : u curie to time bi- prtSrr :: c-. i , ia " 1 to tares and othsirsvi - A : present , the nac ;" c- r is n- j ; e thin twic ^ as grc : \ i - ? b faro tlie nsw hail w . - ^ yurcha ; e d . It may be boi i inat the Iccr-ose is net ia = my considerable de ^ rre t'j W 23 cr !" -aJ to the novelty cf po 3 >« 5 iin ;; this exeeli ^" : ra-idiag ; but tha * it 5 « ratrser owjrig io the £ ubstanti ? ia « -aBtasea cfcred »> y t- > " h-. stituiion , esp » cia ' . iy in its we-ii-coa-iucted classes . Ti . os = ; cashes contain the following numbars of pupils : — The 1 ? J . * izg CLi £ 3 , under the cire o * Mr . lusinell ... ... ... ... ' Si Ihe ? -l v hematlcal and Arithnifiical Clns 3 , nailer ihe care of Mr . S ^ ni *; 103
" Th-s- ? include the ¦ wcole runsber "who have atiachen thrios ^ lTes to tho re ? pett : ve cH % s ? a during the las * h ? . \ ; --ar . and the regular atttiKia-cf-. ? . s raay be Euppo > r ^ " is by no means so large . Accommodation has * rx ? n n » d 9 by the Cjinnv ' rtee for a Chemical class ; bat , owhu : to various circumstances , that class , which existed t > -he signal advantage of its members in the old l ~ » - : n-ion , hss not y ? t b- - -en re-open-d in the ce ^ . It Trill r- use ct the first dot ' .-= « f ihe Committee io Ve -apD <' ' ! "t-d this evtnin ? , t-: f > rm a Chemical class , and a "? " - a d ~^ for teacLIng tbe principles of Mechanics-. The intcrc > l 3 of the tewn . which is so dependant for its pr .. ; - jrity upon i « 3 mmr ' jctnTes and its dyeing , imr * -ra ' - : T- " 'y cali for the eg- 2 . - i = air . f-nt of th&se classes , and th iru ';< rs of ths Init ; tndr-:: uo ^ TiTe y rcqaire it
" Th- property of tbe MecYianii-s * Iussitut ^ on cor _ s , ifts . First . v . \ , ts Kill , vrbich was vilrc 0-u , -e-l f-r £ 2250 , and adap : > : d * o the purposes of t e Insutuiion at an adiViti' -r . -: ! cost of £ 5 ; : 0- —Seccrd . in Its Library , which consists : f betwetn 1300 and l-svO volumes , of "which a great r ~ . rt are standard worts ufsci / cc-e ; and third , in an tx !* -. ; 3 ive and Taluable sppirstus , chit-fly electcal , B ^ lT . iiiic , pncnniax't . sn .: chcDiical , tbe munifleient d' -nvi-nof ffm . AlU ^ m , Jan ., E q ., Member fur the B-sr-ju . - ^ b" Th-- ' -- " is a debt of £ ? 00 . which is borrowed upon morts :-K - - of ths baildia ^ , and -pi- ' ch , as it estiils a cons '" nrri- ^ 3 annual eh r-nre , pr-..- > c 3 uron ths resources of th- 1 nitution . It is L . <\> ci that a second puMic exisibinovi way era long bs h = i i , azd 'wiUi tTiSeitnt success to ii =-harge the debt . " Tae -innail iaoonis of the In ^ tirati-jn nearly equib is aan'iv j SDjnlitu . ra , but v ? tn-r ; . ar . owinj more t h ^ 'g a v-tv sma ll ssm for l > :: nrts - r for the purchase of new > ,. is . The inad » qu _ cy ( f -he funrfs would rot ca ^ - ; W- ^ a relieTcd , if th-r n .:--u wiibthe Liteiary Icftitu ; - > . > L-a-J Uiten p ] ace n t ^ tt-rj ;; s of su >\
scnp-Vib'U Vi ¦ i . i- - *^ ^ * * »* V * .. ^^ ,. - -k . ' * - k- ' Wi— 4-t » -- U-IW i ^ Mid so ' - -Ti . jvcrs of the ilocharics' Jr-tituti-Hi so smens an ert ) :: - ¦ .- they recently—t ^ tj v-nih to their honour —resoiTs t > raise the annual sru - -cription ; tc which perhuu- the most pswerfnJ irdnc ? -iii ^ rj t wis . the prospect of :: -t r . ewa'ivsntac ^ s thty wou ? -. l erj" > y when the library A tba Literary institution was auaed to theii 0 "wn" Tha Literary Institution has at this time on its books— 5 Life Menibir . 3 . 2 S 3 Members . 2 SS TotaL Of irlnch r-am ' asr , however , thirty-twe are also membei 3 oi - . se Mechanics" I iStimti . ja . A very lar ^ e proportion u ! ihe Hiembera Lave asseatwi io the union , ami deciare- . * tiieii intention to j Sxa . uia united b » dy . " Th * pmp ? rty of the L t « rary I restitution consist ahnost t -. xv- ^ ij in its library , a w .-jl seitcttd and valuable c- ' - 'lt- ^ ion of Eagli&b literature , ccmpiiting nearly 4 , 000 vo » u : nrs , purchased within tVe last ekht years , at a c- - -st of not less than £ 1 C-i 0 . > iak'in : every allowance for ilepreciat'on , ariain ? f o ; n wtar and tear , the a * 4 uil :-h" .: i !_ 5 TaiUB of the L ^ -rr-iy ie ^ t , it 5 s T . resnme-1 , be ni « -rmUily estimated at £ r , i ' n . i ; but-f"r the use of the Ikv _ ' -tion its value tanst far more nearly approach to its rr i g : ^ al cc ^ st . Ihe Institution also possesses a poirerfu ^ i icroscope .
" T- ; e income of the Inctitution n ^ it having of late equalie-i ts exoendir . ire , a d--i-t -i £ ' 2 C 0 has accumulated . I' i-s hoped tfcat this ciebt vsul be considers v iy reducp < 1 ^ 7 the arrarcem&nt mz 4 ~ tL-: inch members cf the L : t-: ^' - ' In ^ titntioa as become proprietary members of tit u : "< rd body shall psy £ 1 , vr 6 a a ytar for four years , i .-r their proprietary tictet . li ra ^ y perhsps hr desirar-e lo explain the reasons "which thbuid induce ths - . Be— . - --= rs el tbe Literary Institution to become proprietary ri ; trajbers . "In , b- first place , they wiil tin .-Jonbt-flly -srish to rend-r tJ .-ir accrsrioa to the unir ^ 'l Ips : tadon as great and - ^ n :: 's-A an advantage a ? y j-sv Ic- to the ezt'rt : body In-. 3 -would be glad , to jo . n it without-i-rinsir . g any d »' r- - i that could be do e . They will also be quite of
alive to tae importicee of having tue r- *^ urceB the IcstTtn-.-a uabnTtlened , so as to leave « a h 3 nds&tte yearly ; c me for the purposes of addiDg to the Library and ez ~ z-. i % Lecturers . Bat furtr . er . a msmber of the Xit .-r-. *«• ' - ^ sitarjon . who at this time avaii 3 himself of ti « c- i * . ns of union , may obuia for £ 1 the ticket of a P .- :: t , ry Member , for -wbi' . -. h the txsting members ' . ¦ : "•• - ~ ¦ -Metiarics' Iustitutio-j U 3 T « paid £ 2 . ench , and - h -i " « rtil entitle him to a * hir- in tae wholt of tbe Y- \ n- ie property of the Institntion—the building , libru-y . ; : ' ! : apparatus Withfait . ^ t ti ckeths-wcaM be laeielj » j -. znual subscriber , aiid"wcu ' : d haTe no share in tlie p-. j- r : y , nor , according to the la ^ s . any right to yet- in -i eitiens a 2 = cting the property . The proprietary t . » x x . may be sold or btqnsathra . It 13 a furi' : am ;; tA i-Ticiple of the Institution that the property Eha . i b ~ : ; r , g exJcsJTely to the . Meiab . -r . s Trho haT = porch .:-.- * prcpristary tickets . —this c ' . ass being re-¦
g 3 . * ii- -, . " .-rn . re parmanent aa . ^ e = s 2 uc " . uiting than the 8 Bbvr , ' . ; r > As , th-jftfore , these 2 UTa :. tages , of paiticipiT ; ¦ -. in the property and rank ia the Institution , ¦ wt . ul i : - a . t to tie-individual , — - ^ s it vrould be a pleasure : i / -. "; . members of the Literary Insti-utiju to bring ¦ srita th-u ^ t . he Binaliest p-iss \ b ! r incumb-Tince , —and as the j v .. ¦ ! i to be laid out in b .-ots and U-ctui = s "will be more -r ' -a , according t 9 the anivUDt of tne debt , it is top-i ~ h : * all the members ( , f tie Literary Institution ¦ Wt o v . u ¦ - .-avcniently do it will tifc ,.- j > ru >> m cary tick ? ts . It & / : -j be disrincdy understood iha . t rtse membtr who - - - ¦ .- to hivs a prucrifctsry t cJrel jnust . obtain it ¦ witfiK . :-rj months fr ^ m tbt 4 fe L-f Juiae , viberwise he ¦ 5 rii- .. ¦ : ¦ c aMe to obtain it f jr ^ s than two pcuad ? . Ti-e ; ,.: c ; . a terms are on ^ p- ; iii ; d piid now , or tlx £ hiii . ¦ ¦ yedr btjond the ^ liDuil aubs ^ rl , tun forf ^ ur 7 c 3 i s , Xi doubt , the C'jeihih-. * -: vi * i j ; : te Errangerc-nt- • .- - 5 ^ 11 x 15 to tv ^ r ? mbui ' j-a ¦ -. . ut L i r-ry Institut .- " . "i : r . opporenxi ^ of takliiv a v > r > ji > ri' -i ; iry ticket .
* ' i . : - 'irn fruin th s aiirti ^ i ^ n it giuiiia be stated that Tit : L t = rary Iu 5 titu :. oa l ^ s no , zuiy classes f ., r ev -r- ><¦? ^; -rnction , Lut that it Las fy iu- ^ t ; .. ents of its Owi ; ; :. -T-. -cis kept up tvi yea : j a ^ . x < _ i yapj ^ iy of papcra , on a V- - >• of BUPJ . 'Cts , cii ' . rfij L : erjT , > , which h 2 T < r bttn j a . at 'he VittKly iii * -tt . i ;^ s oi vht Institution , and L -r -t-ca Jjilo'B'fcii l ~ y u : ^ ciu--si- ns . Tccre can be no & u t thut , tae praclic .- of r ^ - ^^ papers will bt ksji c -a the united lD-a . uti ^ -a auti « s , a-t-the Cxiin-Hiit rT . ^ ..: prL'Tide fur ^ . u aaiiiiture oi ccitiitific "ffith litcr-ir / ru . j-CtS . II . l ! li ADVANTAGES "WHICH THE C . MIED I 5 SIIIC-1 I » " TrILl- OFFER IO ITS llillBEHS .
*• 1 : i = C' . - « ticu 3 to remark , thattfwra 1 the advantages trhiti L \ ve b ^ -en pr-.-BtDt-. d by t ^ ch Instituii on sej--arai ^ -y , - . < i henceforth t-s eig < jy = ;< i by ihe uit-uibfcrs of be *'; . > -itbcr of the uniting v-o- 'An parts witn anythiui ui * t o « lcDg « - -d to itj nor Fuff rs aDy uiHiinis ' aea d « i-f ri j 'Vixjfijt of its priTiit-g « , -whilst sfcjring ihtm ¦ w itri iiic « n . uex . Jfothine is aijtiiatcci , nothing
impsir « i- A ! itn ito liiusUfctj suiali iLii-gs by great ) t » o B « igiiix > a--ir . g Btatea arc uraied togtt-ier uuder on ; govfcn Jij-at—lor trample—England aud Scotlandtasi ; u . ; - » a ?« not jetseaed , thoiyii tl . o boundary betweew tana is oblittr ^ tfed . Each obtains a wiu er rang ; -, a-xplsr &cepe ior commsree and tnterprise , a i freer c ^ f-. ujuni oii , and a muru powe-tul guTernment . liit"w . aa ti being jialoas cempttitors , Vuej bt-cume brettreb ; ; usUiad of wfcak . nin ^ each otaer , they BUen ^ 'iDfu eaah other ; inkrnaUy united , and having fiacrmoed nothing but their cirisions / they
xxse in the scale of nations , and become greau-r and more flourish ing as ok than they eve * eouia oe iis itro . In obi hnmbie nirfsBure ,- we m a > xeaiu-c oi ::: iiar advantages from our present union , li Tr £ l ^ tc ;« thing of our separate possessions , and none of oar iiKinoers , ire gain gr-atiy in mojai force ; for ' as iron iiijpcneth . iron , jso tiie coantecccce of a T"aT | his frisird / li we acquired nothing fram our combination but eaccuragemfint and augmented spirit , that alontwunll b 3 a valuable scquiiiuon . But we g » in far morei each Institution has added io it all the Intellec-
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tual resource of the other ; and these intellectual rtsources , though remaining tbe Bame in themaeWes , become doubly valuable , beciuse they are available for the benefit of double numbers . Still further , by comiining our libraries , our subscriptions , and our talents , we efsr to the great population around us far greater attractions than either could offer Bingly . We may , therefore , hope to gain more accessions than the two Institutions could h * ve gained separately : and if so , we answer more effectually one of the principal objects for ytUch Institutions like ours are formed--that of p ^ rvadinir vrith a moral and intellectual itflaence the whole community . ..
•• An estimate has been laid before both the I stitutions , prior to thc-ir uaU-n . showing that we may reason-nV-ly calculate uson having £ 100 a year to exptndin the jiiixLisa of now bo ^ ks , ar . j £ 50 a year in lectures . If the iiiHiiben and subscrib rs tliould increase still Jarger sums may be afforded . It ^ ill be tbe duty of the Connnirtee to tnrich the library -with the bebt works th&t ruav be published , both in tae departments of scier . ee and literature ; and it is worthy of consideration vrfc-thtr your Committee , instead of merely selecting from the ^ orks entered in the Recommending Book , should rot appoint a small sub-Committee , whose express vluty it should be to examine the reviews and tbe lists of n-.-w publications , for the purpose of recommendiu % moctbiy the most valuable and interesting to t !} d gnveral Committee . This wonld not inteifere with the mht of every member to recommend but tu give an sdiiiH' -cil f--curicy that no books of nrat-rate chiracttr were ovei looked .
" The r . d- ? ar , tagea which the ' Mechanics' Institution and L-t . rary S ^ cuty will offer to its mtiiubera n ^ ay be thus br . tfly rnuJiierated : — " 1 . A Hall , very eligibly situated , and comprising ai ixc ^ iient Lecture Room and Library , a NewBroom , aaa souii C ! J- s Rooms . " 2- A Library of literary and scientific works , contajnir . ^ upwartis of five tooua md voiuoies , purchased withiu the last few years , and including the best works in fcvfi-y fiepartnient of English literature . The library * ii ) avs the douMh advaiitage of being a Ciictdatvtg Lib < a , y and Reading Room , bo ' -h of which vrill bw open ir > : u nine in the morning till ten o ' clock at night , with r . n inicrval cf three hours in the afternoon , which is a per > . ; t of ihi day when "very few men of bu-eine ^ s would be a ^ ie to at ' end .
' 3 . Lectures on the most useful branches of experimei "a ! scieme and literature . It is believed that the Coruniittte will be able to engage lecturers of the first eminence . Papers will also ba read by the members at the wttkiy or fortuiKhtiy meetings of me institution . " i . Ereniiig Classes , for the teaching of Drawing in its various departments . . Mechanical . Architecuiral . Landscape , and Figures ; of Mathematics arid Arithmetic , with their practical ai > pl : cations in Mensuration , ( Jaugir-g , ii , and of Writing . Thesa are already in txi&ttuee , and tho two former are in a fi . jurishing state ; and the Committee will will ta ) te immediate measures for the formation of cIuescb for the &iudy of Cht mistry and of the principles of Mechat . ics . It is also bighiy Dr : ib 3 ' ^ . * e that other classes xrul be formed , f « r the itujy of Irj 3 »; u .: i ; es , music , &o . ' 5 An tx ' enBive and valuable Apparatus , applicable to experiments in E ^ ctricity , GUmuism , Ctrmistiy , Pnuematies , Optics , and other cepartmenta
oi FCit-rce . " 6- A Xews room is contemplated , where the Daily and Wfciki ; ' . Newspapers , London and Provincial , will l-- « s tjke . n : tbe ttrina of subscription to be six shillings r .-jsar to the members and subscribers of the In ^ titutution , and ten shillings a-year to otfiers . The Xewsrovin will bo open the whole day , till ten o ' clock at night ; but it is one of the fundamental tuIcb that tciiher the Institution nor tha Newj > room fiball be open on the Sunday . It is conceived that tbe exceedingly
moavrati subscxiption to tbe Newsroom , th-.- eligible - iituition of tha premises , and the supply of papers to . be provided , wul attract a large number of iubscribers . " The report concluded with some excellent and judicious ob > crva : ions on tho future prospects of the uLJied Jn-titutions , and was received with loud cheers The next business was the election , of officebfarers . and Messrs . Haigh , Naylor , Tilney , and Geo . Ho . gjr , Wi-re appointed scrutators for taking t / -e vottd . Whiiist tliis was proceedintc , Mr . Win . Wett liiovrd the first resolution , as follows : — " That the Ri-p- ^ rt now read be adopted , printed , and c rcuhtf d , under the direction « f the Committee , and th-t !!!• - Tery graUful thanks of tha meeting be presumed to Air . E . Baincs , Jun ., for his kindness in pryj < aiii ; g a document bo very appropriate and likely to promote the objects and interests of the United Societies . " Tb . 3 resolution was seconded by Mr . J . D . Luccoek , and carried nnauinicu ^ lj . The balloting . jar ¦< . rs were then handed in hy the Secretaries . It thoulu be meationed that , as u wa ^ natural to sap-! p .-5 e ttu : many of the numbers of the united Institution would be imperfectly acquainted with gcntle-: men who took an active part in the separate lastitu-| t : ons prior to the union , the committee , without any I citsire to inttrfere with th . e free choice of oficets , : had on ; hc preeeiit occasion furnished each member ' . n < . n' . cri ^ i > the room with a printed list of twenty * * -. - - - « « b . ww Li ^^ jw r- r . ¥ ^* j + s * s 4 nn *) t 1 1 V \ r- X "T •* I * % m •¦» inrtva 4 * 1 * ., - . Tn
each ln-titution , and whom they considered the \ n . 05 t likely to fill office wi ; h advantage to the : uniied body . These were all unanimously e-ectcd , ¦ aud were a ? follows : — I ! Prtsidert— Edward Baines , Esq . : Vice-Presidenta— "VVm . West . Esq ., and the Rev . C ; WlCKSTEED . : Treasurer—Mr . W . B . HOLDSWOBTD , Secrttarks—Mr . J . Kitsox , acd Mr . H . J . MaHCUS . COMMITTEE , \ Mr . E . Baincs , Jun . Mr . Cooke . i Mr . Combs , Mr . Dresser . j I Mr . F eUher . Mr . England . j j Mr . T . Harrey . Mr . Hitld . ; Mr Killss . Mr . Holme ? . j j 2 \) 7 . Hnggou . Mr . Ikin . ; . Vr . K-rr . Mr . Loe . j . K-v . T . Scales . Mr- J . H . Shaw . ^ i : i ! r . Thurnell . Mr . Thos . 'Wilson . !
Some objection was raised to this inoie of procp ^ dir . f , by Mr . Heaps , but he expressed his Oi . tre s&n-fnet'on , after bsing told by ihe chaiTm 3 Ti that it oou'i not occnr again , because in another year the n ;? raber « would have become perfectly acquaimed wi : h all those who took an acuro part , and were fiiy . ble fur office , in both societies . Mr . George ' iur ^ t nf xt brought under the no . ice of the meciiug ihe following resolution : — " That this meeting , has beard with feelings of detD Tri-ret that it is the ictenticn of the Coiuinittee of t ) rs IriFt tution to dispense with the services of Mr .
R > hert Hird , who hasfaitLfaily and zealously filled the ffiw ! vf Librarian to the Literary Institution for moTb tlian se'en yeaiB duriDg which period he baa not been ov * day absent from the duties cf his office Tiiat a union . f the two Institutions haring taken place , it is the op ' nion of this meeting that the tffice of Librarian onrht bo » to be vacant , so as to give both the Libiariars a chince of re-election ; and aa the rules of tha Jir-t'tution give the Committee power to elect that ' ¦ n icer , this meeting recommends Mr . Hird , as his knowleilre cf tbe business pre eminently qualifies him to be Librarian to this united Institution . "
Mr . v 7 td . Copleston seconded the resolution , wliicli , after some discussion , was put and negatived by a grcut majority . T . n-- i : ixs resolution was moved by Mr . M'Kenzie , seR ' -nried by Mr . Dresser , and carried unanimously . 11 was as loliows : — " T at thifl meeting would express its satisfaction tbst the negotiations between the Leeds Mechanics ' Institution , and the Leeds L-. terary Society , have led to ihe union dow recogu z . u , aud its confident expect-: t " ' » n , trial by judicious and liberal encourageniei < t , the Uaitcii Jj . stitution will be made effectually to adranco the interests of Science and Literature in this most im-P ' . 'nuit mannfaoturing and commercial district . "
Tlis- R « v . Charles Wicksteed then moved , and the Re > . Ti-oaias Scales seconded , tbe concluding resolution ; botn gentlemen briefly addressed tho meetin . , winch began to exhibit s > vmptoa ? a of a wish to bn > 2 k up . The resolution was put and unanimously carrea ; it was as follows : — " Tnis meeting would earnestly call upon those of its iri . ruofcTS who have leisure , to aid itso ' r-jects by the ts-c - . s- of their various ta ' ests in preparing essajs , or li-cturtB , on appropriate topics , and strongly urgea all ti fri' . ' . clu , now present , to add to its farther efficiency h \ ex - ! ir > g their iEfluecce to increase the nuni&er of its iumj . ¦¦ t . r « and subscribeiB . " Tiiaiika were thtn voted to the chairman bj atf . am ^ uon , and the meeting broke up at ttn o ' clock .
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RELIEF OF THE UNEMPLOYED POOR BY ALLOTMENTS OF LAND AND BENEFIT LOANS .
TO THE EDIT 9 H OF THE NORTHEUN STAR . Gentlemen—When I suggested at a late meeting , that a most effectual alleviatian of the existing distress would be found in affording to our unemployed artiz-. ns and operatives the means of raising a portion of their subBisience by spade husbandry , Borne gentlemen seemed to think such a hope over sanguine ; otherabelieved that the experiment had already been tried and had proved a failure . . . " Though myself convinced that such an undertakings being fouude ' d on sound principles , would , if well manned , be attended with considerable benefit , I was not aware , whilst list ? uing to the above objections , to what an extent the experiment had already been tried , and what encouraging amount of success had attended it . . ¦ " ; ¦ ' - ¦ :. : ' . '¦' ;
I have great pleasure in requesting the attention of my fellow-townsmen to the facts which have since come to my knowledge , confining myself f _> r the present to the principal object , the prospect of finding remunerative labour for tho unemployed , and reserving the subject of the economy of manures , to which 1 alluded the other day , to be treated of with other details in a future communication . In pursuing my inquiries , my flr&t attention was given to what appears to be considered as having bean . 1 previous trial ana failure of this mode of affording reiief , made at Leeds , during tha distress of 1819 . I obtained , through the kindness of Mr . Baines and of Mr . Cawood , such Information as remains concerning the result ef irquiricB made by the Committee then appointed , and by the deputation who viaited New . Lanark to examine the system at work there , and also respecting the results of a consequent experiment in spade husbandry made hfcie under the management of the parish efficers .
It is urnscessr . ry to detail the particular circumstances which prevented a tu-jctssful result to the exertions then made . Those p-oceedings prove the interest then taken in the matter , and the zsal with which all tho informatien then accessible was collected . The subject , however , was at that time cRuiparatively new ; and though the principio involved was then perceived to be valuable , the best means of carrying ' it into effect had not been ascertained . Durina the three and twenty years that have since elapsed , the system has net only betn studied , aud its principles bscome much better understood , but we have obtained . tho experience of its practical working in numerous instances , and for considerable periods of time . It is from the evidence afforded by these more recent experiments , that we must judge of the tficiency of the system
It now appears proved by experience that the allotment ajstem is tho iiioae in woich spade husbandry can be rendered most beneticial to the working classes . This syBttm cmsists in the allotment to a labourer or artizin and his family of a small plot of land to be cultivated as earrten ground , en which he raibts vegetable produce for his own use or for sale , and generally rears a pig . The extent of land bo alloted te most commonly from a quarter to half an acre . It should vary with the numbers and circumstances of each family , beir . g sufficient to employ their spare time
during the year , but still leaving them dependant on their uBual employments for the larger portion of their maintenance . The rent ought to be the same-which would be paid by a farmer , with the addition only of a turn ti > cover rates , tithes , and taxes , as these should be paid by the landlord . The plot of land sfeouid be within a convenient distance of-the occupier ' s resldtiice , but need not be attached to his dwelling . The pian has bet n tried and found to answer very successfully as applied to s town population , as well as in agricultural districts .
The allotment system h . is been quietly and gradually extending during the last twenty or thirty years , and has been in successful operation for that period if time in the hands of eonie of its earliest promoters , the Bishop of Bath auu Wells , and others , amongst whom is Lord Portman , who has kindly offered information and assistance in promoting its extension to Lieds and other manufacturing towns . The Labourers' Friend Society was established in 1830 . for prwmotiiig the extension of' the allotment system , under patronage of the Koyal Family , and of
tbe leading characters of aU parties in \ h& kingdom . annex the prc ^ p . ¦ ctus of that Society , as the best explanation of its objects , referring with great pleasure to the very encouraging statements that paper contains respectiug tUe results tf the allotment eyBtem . Fropi these statements it appears , that the system has extend * d more or less into tairty-six counties , and that by its means stvenlv thousand families have been raised from want &nd uustry to a state of independence , and happy erj jjment of tht > fruits of their own industry and economy .
The progrt-ss of the allotment system had been , until recently , chiefly confined to the agricultural districts , it ie now , however , attracting much attention amongst tbe manufacturing population of Nuttin ^ ham and Leicester : a t ranch acci-. ty of the same chai ^ acttr as that just mentioned , was instituted kst year in tho former of these towns , and from the latter I bavo received a most encouraging report of . the . interest there tahtn in tbe plan , niuie especially nijiobgst . th ' e working classes , who have formed aD aasoci .-tion amongst themsfives for - ' promoting tbe system , and have issued an aciclTefsto the landowners owl public , calling upon them for support and asaistance towards their oV-joct .
A very e ^ ential auxiliary the allotment system , is the system of Bunt fit- 'Loan Funds , and the two systems saould be combined in order to secure tbe best chance of success . The B ^ nutlt Loan . Fund Sjcieti < s , by makin « small loaua upon propur aeturity , to be paid off by instalments , « ivo almost invaluable assistance to the industrious artziu , in thu first arduous attempt to establish his in ^ t ! pen (! ence . U >» der good tuanageuieiit , tbtse loans have been found of tha uioa ^ important service . These two , then , the Allotment , aud the Benefit Lean Fund systems , appear tn be the means , of which the utiliry ia b « st i-stabashod by experience , for finding remunerative labeur for our unemployed operatives AnJ I would observe that they possess tha great
advantage of being simple , and founded upon the common principles which regulate the dealings of individuals wnk each other , in which men are left to act for theuistlvea in pursuit , of their own interests ; and in which no cumbersome system of superintendence is rt quired Tdey are ayi-tenis of mutual bPDefit to all concerned , which work thews lves . They are found to answer better whm individual proprietors can be induced to ajipropriate ! an < i for allotments , than when land ia purchased or rented by a society for the same purpose . Ihe labourer , who , working independently uj- 'on his own allotment cf laud , is secure of the whole benefit of Lia gkill , industry , and economy , is stimulated to exertion that he will never make for wages only .
It may still , however be obj 3 Cted , that to render tbi * plan efficient for a lar ^ o town lifte Leeds , a quantity of land would be required which could not be obtained even under favourable , circumstances . I think that on examination this difficulty will be found by no means insuperable . The supeifieies of the parish of Leeds cannot , on a rou ^ h eitiuiate , be mueii less than IS . 0 < iO . to 20 000 arres , or a tquare of five and a half miles euch way . Now , if we suppose that the whole of the unemployed poor , or 4 . 752 fatuiliea ( takiag tha
statement »» f tbe E ; iunn-Tatius Committee ) , were to bo provided with allotments , the quantity of land requ red would annuot to little jm-re than 1000 acres , or about one-twentieth pan of the whole area . If one half of this could \> c accomplished , and 500 acres appropriated , tbe increased produce in iood to tho . labourers' can hardly ba estimated at less than £ 20 an acre , or £ 10 000 a-year . But in fact the real benefit would be much more nearly the whoie produce of the area under g . ir ^ on cultivation , or probably £ 20 , 000 a yenr . .
It Is quite clear , however , that upon the plan of allbttine small portions tf laml to tbe unemployed labourers , who have no adequate means of subststeacc until th « crop can be secured , assistance Will be necessary , in tha sh ^ pa of loans , to be repaid by instalments fcuv of the proceeds of the following crops . To meet this ernorgeiicy , a Benefit Loan Fund , of adequate extent , wouiil be required . A provision would also be necessary for defrtfyu . g the ex ^ n ' Bes of printing , and for paying the salary of a s > -. cret : iry , and of a fkilful practical agricuUunst to sap ^ rint ; nd operations , give inr formation to auypToprietcTs tf land who are desirous to portion it eut in small ailomients , and still more to the artisans and labourers who wonld occupy 6 u < . h allotments . Pot thbSft puTposts , assrciaiions would be requisite , to which it must bu h-j-p ^ d tbait ail connected with the t >^ rouj ( h , whether by iaiid or by trade , would give a cheerf ul suppMrt .
In thi .- short and imperfact sketch , I have zjlven a very inatltquate defccri ^ tioii of what I think and trust will prove to be a new and valuable element about to be very generally introduced into tha social economy of our country , as well in our DJauufacturiDg towns as iu the agricultural dibtricts . I contemplate the adailssion v f the working class to a fair partici pation of the comforts and wjuynienta to be derived from the employuitnt of lanu and capital for iheir own benefit , as calcvaated to effect a great and progressive improvement
in their contiition . By very much alleviating , if it cannot remove , tbe haiUships which are now pressing so heavily upen them , and by spreading universally a ftstllng that all are be ^ tfitted by the institutions under which we live , especially by tlie manner in which the f unUamental institution of propel ty is practically worked this system Biay prove , under Gud ' s blessing , the means of restoring harmony and good will amongst all ela&sta uf the community , to a uegrte scarcely to be hoped for from any other measure wb ^ cli all parties are yet prepareu to unite in carrying into tffeet .
Enti eating your attentive consideration of the following paper , mure especially in reference ta the system , as beariug upon tbe Poor-rates ( an important pmt of the subject into which 1 have not space to enter , ) I remain , Gentlemen , your obedient Servant , " James Gahth Mahsuall . Headlngley , June 15 , 1842 . P . S . A few copies of some of the publications of the Labourers' Friend Society may be seen at all the Newepaper Offices in Leeds .
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Religion of pootry is not dead j it will nover die , Its dwelling and birth-place is iri the soul of man , and it is eternal as the pei . n ^ of man . In any point of space , in anysection of time , lei ' therebe a-living Man ; aud there \* an infinitude above him and beneafh him , and an Eternity encompassea hini on thu hand and on that ' ¦ ' ;[ and tones of Sohere Music , and tidings from loftier worlds / will flit arousfl him , it he can but listen , and vibit him with holy influences , em * in tho thickest press of - ' trivialities ^ or the din of busiest life . —T . ( Jarlvle .
The , Univebsal Panacea .- —It is a ^ toniishing , indteJ , with what exciuBivtneaa of understandinfi eating is regarded . tven by intelligent parents as the gratia solatium or panacea for all the pains and trou ' oles winch afflict the youn # . If a > child fulls over a stoue and bruises its loK , its ones arc imuiodiatuly arrested' by a , Bugar-biscnit stiiffdd imo its open mouth . If its temper is discomposed by tho loss of a toy io is forthwith sooihed by an off ^ r of sweatmeats the ultiruate effect of which is to excite colicky pains ia its bowels which are worse than the original evi ' , for which , in thoir turn , it is pre-eLted with nice pt ppermiut drops / or somt » other equally pleasant antiuote . Because the mouth is open When
the child is crying , and tho mouth leads to the stomach , parents juiup to' tho concluBion that it is open for thu purpose of being filled , and proceed to cram it accordingly ; forgetting all the while that the mouth leads also to the windpipe , and day open for the admission of air to the lun ^ s as well as of food to the Btbmach ^ -and that if they stuff it with cake or puddiug when it is open only for the receptionof air , they run the risk ot etiffocating the little innocent when their only wish is to sooth him ; Everybody must have seen fits dfccnvuJsiye coufjh induoed by fragments of food beinKdrHwn into the wiiidpipe in such circumstances . To confound cryiuK aud the expression of pa iu with the craving
of hung r , is far iirom , being a matter of ihdtffcitn . ee to the child . If food begiven when : it vrisbes only to be relieved from suffering , the offending cause is left :. ; ia activity , aud itB effcota a ^ grava tvd by the additional ill-timed distension of its stomach * bus so far is this important truth from being safficiently impressed on the minds of parents and n uiaea , that noiliiHg is more common , wheu the child refuses to . ? wallow more , but still cqutihues to cry , than to toss it in the nurse ' s arms , as if on purpose to shake down its food , and then resume the feeding . And in such attempts it is too true that the preservanoa of the nurse often gets the better of the child , and forces it at last to receive the food at whioh it really loathes , — WilliamsburghDemocrat .
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CARLISLE . —Tho coincil held their regular weekly mtetiog at th / council' room , No . 6 j . Johnejeet , Caldergato . Mr . John Armstrong ia the chair . Thei StcrieiaTy nad over ¦ the minutesof the last meeting , after which several sums were paid in to the treasurer from various districts . Letters were read by tha secrcJary , to Sir James Grahatn , Secretary of State for tne Home . pepartmeiit .. " and Mr . Serjeant Goulboyrn , in behalf ol John TCirkpatrjek . wiio is now undergoing transportation on board the Wirrior hulk , Woolwich , for tho man slaughter of the late 't'homas J irdirie , police < fiioer , at the late election for tha borough , when Sag ; ant Gjulbourn , P . H . Howard , and William Mar-shall , E ? q < iires , werb : candidates . ' The . - sentence on
Kirkpatrick , which was passed by Lord Chief Justice JDenmari , wa 3 considered a very severe one , under the cirtsumstahces , which were not cf an aggravated character , having "ira-ii ? pirod during tf . e heat ; of a cont (; S ; cd elecsipn . 11 appear ! , 'd from the facts that , after the nomination was ov . r , the pt-ople assembled , followed the two Whig candidates , Mei ^ r s . Marshall and Howard , to the Crow-n and Mitre inn , hi-sing and hooting them in a very unruly manBev ; that aa they entered tho ¦ Inn , som ? sticks nnd stones were thrown , when Mr . Grahamej tho ¦ 'superintendent ' of police , who was in front of cho Inn , with a number of his men ; ordered them to chargo the people and drive them back ; ( a most unfortunate circumstance , for had ho .. forborne for a few nunutcs , Wei fi ' . cl . convince .-. ' ! ihe pcjple would hive all q . metly dispersed ;) when the l « ite "Thomas' Jardine ru-hed among ihe peoph ) , sinking thi-m yiolently in all ,
directions ; indeid , bO brutal aiid iiidi . scriauna ' . e was he , as to" wh ' i'm . he struck , with his bludgeon , that he knocked do ' ivn . 'Oiio woman , and struck' another with a child in htr aras . s ' v that ho-oW struck a little boy , who fell from hi :- , blow ; aiid when down , the eam-3 feilotv pinched the b (< y in a m «) . 't brutal m-Jim ^ r . Ha-. : uls » aimed two violent bSt / v / s " at the said J ohn Kirkp . atric . k-, who warded them off ; but who , from an obulJici'Jn of feeii ' ng at t ) ie sivatje and ferocitjus conduct of tho policeman , strui-k . him a blow in return with a s'ick , wiiich knockvil him down , and was said ( o iiavs cjuspd his . death , ; These are the simple and ii-tiiiisgmse'i facts of the case ; for which this poor feilow . has be ; n deprived of liia liberty , 'leaving a pour old fa < lu-r . who ¦ ' ¦ wholly , depended on him for a sub . < istaiico , to tho mercy . of . an . unfeeling , world . It . is hoped ' that tho exertions wh'cli have beun mada in his bohalf may prove sucoostfal in yettiiig his sentence mitigaicd .
State of Thadb . —At a meeting of the Town Council , held in the Town Hall , a few days a < jo , after passing addresses of congraru ' iatiou to . the Queen and Priao ) Aibart on her Majesty ' s happy escape from rho liauds of the as . sa ^ &iu Francis , Air . J . Siesl moved , " That the Mayor make a rpspectful application to the proper auihoriticss for a portion of the money collected in cotistquouco of the Qaeeu ' s lotter , tor Carlisle , as the di ; , truss is very greau " We consider tins a . verv proper ami judicious proceediu ^ , for much -haa »¦! ready been done by voluntary Hubseriptioii , for the purpose- of , -relieving tho great buffering which has existed for some time iu
Carlisle , and novy t . lKT-o 13 a public fund to relieve th ^ i miiiuf ' acturintc distress , then ; is no place more deserving of a-portion of that fund than the suffering aud distressed poor of this district , wnose Euff'Jrintshave fsrspme time been-oios . t acme ; yottney I avo borne them with most exemplary pa'ienea and forbearance . W .. > considra that any money which may be obtained . cou d rot be placed in better or safer liaiids for disposal than ia tnose of the M ^ yor and Corporation , who might expend it in a very advantageous tvanuer , by making luiprovemeuts in the Borough ., not neglecting , of c < 'ur . se , worthy object who are incapable of . labour , — Oo > respondent .
STO 2 KPQRT . —The work of desolation progre 8 !> e . s here at moTe than railway speed . The operatives arc tarnishing 1 or waist or' the most common nec ' . ' . s « arii' -s of life , it was a favourite argument v / ith Mi-. O'Conn ' fcll that all he wanted was : to see Ireland on a level with England . . Our gracious rulers are determined to save that gentleman some trouble by reducing England to a level wuh In-laud . Your correspondent has this day conversed with a man who is in the habit of tetdMig pijjs ; . ' consequenj'ly 'he- is obliged to gather swih to fatten ttitinoni This svvi / l h « kc . ps in a back yara , locked up in a larj ; e hogshead . Durint ; the last fourteen days the lock has been four times broken off , and all the musty
crust 9 ot bread , and anjth r . d , ; el « ft , that oven pigs could devour was stolen . Ho ,, however , wasdttor-. mined to . watch . AbOuc three : o ' clock iu the morn . -, iuji , he espied a palo , haggard , oire-worn looking ma n . f . go to ihe tub , take a hamrnvr . . . aid lar ^ e naii from out of his pocket , and bre'ik the staple off , pick the best of the swill , nuoh is broken , bread , potatoes , ito ., and put them in a tin can , and marched off . The man waited until lie had got a little way from tho premises , when he followed and stopped- him , and charged , him with stealing hia swill . The poor fellow , without . hesitation , coiiftsseu that it was ho t-: at had -broken' tho lo .: k four tim ^ s before ; but acuial want foreod him to doit . He said , '" S ; r ,.. if-you alluwnioto take ii home , I will
then -willingly fc-d with / you to prison , for then I shall be sure or something to eat , but as it is I have lio'hitig . " He asked if his parUh would iiot relieve him I He answered he had never tried' them , nor would he ; as he was sure he . should have to go into the Bastile , and tnat , says ho , I never wjil do . The man then went home with him , and , oh God ! what a ti ^ ht pre - sented itself to-his view !—a mother and two little children lying on the bara boards , wiui nothing'to cover their nakedness save the tattered rats worn by them during ihe day ; tho mother , too , very far advanced 111 a t-tato of pregnancy . The father had been « ut the day before caJgin ^ , as he expressed it , and bad on y ^ ot twopence . In the C"urse of hi ^
ramble he met ono of our great Liberals , of' whom he craved chariiy : the gentleman very kinuiy coudeBC « nd ( -d to lecture him on t ; ie couduct of the worEiiiK nirtn ' refusing " cheap broad / ' and ended a very eloquent anil patriotic aUdress by assuring him that they ( tiio i ' melJj ' gent miduJu me ») would Btaive the working elates into 6 ubmi- < ion ; andaLo iuformed him . that hor Majesty wanted a few clever younjj men like him to go to India / to put dewri thfm cannibala . This poor fellow sojeniuly declared that he and his wife had often been forty-eight hours without lasting any thing but cola water : he had often , as he sat by his 'firoless hearth watching ihe htaviiiKS of the bo 5 om of his emaciated wife , and heard hia innocent- little oho cry for bread , contemplated putting a period to their misery by destroying them , and then destroying himself . Tins is only one of thousands of similar and' many worse cases . The shopkeepers are on their last legs ; not a day
passes without threu or four public auctions of their goods ' .--. At the last term fpr gvantiug licenses , inany landlords were obliged to advance money to pay for licenses for their tenants or lose them , and if they lose a tenant now there is every probability of their houses remaining empty for years ; or if -they arnletatall , it must be at a reduction of perhaps 100 per cent . Tho house now inhabited by your correspondent-ha * , whhin tho last five months , fallen 115 . per cent . This , 1 think , is tha way for carrying conviction to ihtir minds ; and yet , arrange to say ^ out of about 2 , 0 U 0 shopkeepers , all Liberals , and sympathisers virun the people , how many , think you , belong to the Cnarusc Association ? l , 90 . U ? no ; 1 , 000 ? no . Guess a ^ ain . 500 ? ho ; there are three out of a Liberal constitutney of 2 , 000 !!! Is ' ever mind , the beat way to their brains is through rheir tills ! In your noxJiiutnbor you shall hear more ot this state of things . —Cbvrespoudent .
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Closing of the Indfpendekt West Middlesex Office . —The vviuei ^ ai « , thce of this eBtaDlfonineut has been ciosea " withuut any notification ou the door , of the -business having ^ been removed . Some ptrsons toil all their lives , and refuse . the pjij ymeiiis which can only be relished when life is iu ltd prime , that they may be ricii when the power of enjoyment is over . Tuske are many evils inseparable from position , bui it needs very little research to discover that a Jarge ¦ portion ot man ' s misery is traceable to his making other men miserable .
Thebk are chords iu the human heart—strange , vavjing strings— -which arc oal ' y , struck' by accident ; which will remain . . mute aud senseleos to appeals the most paesionate and e ^ riiest , and respond at last to tho Bligiite-it casuiil touch , la the most ' . insensible or childibh minus , there is some train of . rtfltifitiou which art can seldom Itad , or ^ kili assist , but which wili reveal itself , its groat truths havo done , by chance , and when the discoverer has the pjainefct and simplest cud iu view . Fatal JGusiosnt .- —On Saturday a youriJE ; man Hanjed Thomas Fres ^ on , residing at Wednesfield ,
slid down the pit ropo to the . bottom of the shaft , at Howman's Harbour Colliery t near VVplyerhampton , with the inteiition of Beeini ; the colliers ' at work . lie had not been down five minutes before a large stone from the roof or' one 01 the gate roads fell upon him , crushing him in so dreadful a manner as to cause hi 3 instantaneous death . The stone is supposed to be three tons weight . Two other men were hurt , bnc not seriouKlyV It is a remarkable cireum-Biance that , although the work has been carried on 6 oiue years , very few acoidenta had previously occurred , - ' and those of a trifling nature . —Birmingham Advertiser . - ¦ . ' ¦ . ' -
A . Trtjish —Were half the labour exerted toplaoe woman in her proper station that there is to lift her out of it , cases of seduotion , desertiou ^ or tyranny would aJmpet never occur . It ia the theatricai , apart from the real , idea of her excellence' which induces alike the fopperiea of ga , llaiitry ^ ndcru < rHies of neglect ; it is because , woman has been ttecked with foreign instead of native witcheries thaf the apex of her influeiioe haa been reac ed during the honey-nioon ; it is beeause woman lends herself to the deceit that the punishment has securely cane and been severely felt . —Chambers ' s London Jour .
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The Clare Massacre . — The Coroner ' s Ip quest on the bodies of Michael M'Namara and Thoma 3 Daicy , which oomnieuced on Tuesday ^ was brought to a conclusion on Friday . Several witnesses were produced , amongst them two of tho policemen who were on duty on the fatal evening , and who swore positively that the word"firo" was given by Capt Da Ruvynes , echoed by the County Inspector ; and followed up by Mr . FifZsimon with the expressioa "fire , fire . ? ' Independently of this testimony , the broad features of the case wore theeameas have already a ppeared . On Friday morning the Jury returned the following verdict : — ' That the deceased Michael H'Namara , came by his death from the effects of a gun-shot wound in the leg , inflicted on the night of the 6-h June instant , by one of a narfv
of police , consisting of sixteen ^ ea . stationed on the Mill-road , for the protection of Mr . fiahnatyno ' s property from a number of people , . there assembled on said night , but by whom of said party said shot was fired -there was no evidence ; vre also find that the people were in the act of retiriag when said shot ¦ wds' tired , and that no necessity existed for firing we further find that the , word ' fire * was given tn the police by Mr . Brownand Mr ; F ^ tzjimon , ' jaMnedlat . iy after Captain D 3 Kuyynes said , * if youdon't disperse the men must _ fire ; ' bat we consider his saying so no justifioatioa for the order go given . ' Tnis verdict p > aces Mr . Browa and Mr . Fuziimoa in rather an unpleasant predicament . The Coroner was applied to to issue a warrant for their capvion and committal , ¦ 'but declined to do so ; but stated that he would report the verdict to the Government .
Welsh Oratory . —At a late meeting of the Newport wecha Die ' s institute , for ^ ^ the'election of .. officer ' s , the Mayor of Newport , Lewis Edwards , E .-q ., gave the following account of a late interview with Lord Brougham— : ' * I did go to London , ( said his honour , ) as you do all know , for the purpose of the address ; and I did have with me our youiig friend Mr . Simeon Evans , the young artist , who did go with me to the levee in my coach . ( Checrg . ) A fine carriage it was ( a laugh )^ with such a * paair' of greys ! and a fiue coaohtaari , tall , stout , as you ever see . ( Laughs ter . ) And puch a ' fii man . ' ( Bravo . ) Weil , I was dressed so fine ; you would like to see ms in my court dress ; then I thought I must see my Lord Brougham ; and when could I see him better thaa then ? I did call . ( Hear . ) Such a beautiful room , I never did see before . It was a great room , it was . I did sit , as may be , there . Lord Brougham came in , as may be , here , and said the Mayor of Newport .
1 said . Lord Brougham . He did then come with his two hands , and did catch my two hands , and said , 1 am very glad to see you . J have often heard of Lord Brougham , but I never did expect this honour . ( Hear * . hear . ) My eyes do now ste , and my hands do now hold , Lord Brougham . ( Laughter . ) Well , what do you want . ? said he ; anything I can do for you I shall be most happy . I said , my lord , we have at Newport a Mechania ' s Institute , and the young men of ivewpori aro yery . anxioua to have your .. iordship ; noboiy respects your lordship more than . the tne . n of Newport . ( Loud cheers . ) I have brought with ni « a young artist , one of Nevvport , for they are very anxious to have your " loraship to hang up in the Mechanics' luscitute . Yes , he did say , I " will sit . Tnank you , said I . ( Thunders of applause . ) And I'll give you some books for your institute ton , sa ' . d he . ( Ddafening cheers . —Monmouthshire Merlin .
L^Anftvmptjef, &C.
l ^ anftvMptjEf , &c .
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From the London Gazette of Friday , June 17 . BANKRUPTS . James Hopkins * Leighton Buzz ird , butcher , to surrenatr Junj Mi , July 29 , at two , at tho Court of Bahtrupttsy . . Soiititora , Messrs . Stevens , Wilkinson , ; arid tjaLchell , Quten-street , Cheapside ; official -assignee , Mr . VVliitmore , Baaifl / ghali-street . ; - V J : aua 3 Tomlin and William Maun , St Michaersalley , ComlaU , merchants , Juae 28 V at oae , July ' ' 29 , at iiaif-past one , at the Court of Baoftraptcy . Solicitor , Mr . Eliis , Cowper's-court , Cornbiil ; official assignee , Mr . Whitrao . ra , : Bisingba ' il-atreet ' _ . ¦ .: Ht'Jiry English , New Broart-street , printer , June 24 , Juiy 2 . 9 , at eleven , at the Ccuft of Bankruptcy . Solicitor , Mr . Megcy , Great Tower-street ; official assignee , Mr . Jahnson , Basinchall street . . ¦ '
John Steggall , Guildf trd-street , bookseller , June 28 , at half-past eleven , July 29 , at twelve , at tbe Court of Bankruptcy .. Sviieicor , Mr . Norcutt , Qieen-square , BioouiBVury ; official assignee , " - -blr . Gibaoa , Basiaghallejreet . 1- - . : ¦ ¦ ' . ' . ' - ¦ :. ' . - . '' ¦•¦ . ¦ ¦ " ¦" . . . ' . ¦' ¦ . ; . ¦' . James Alfred and Bayid Webb ; Great Marlow , farmt-rs , June 24 , July 29 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Solicitor , Mr . Waller , jun ., Finsburycircus ; official assignee , Mr . Lackicgton , Colemanstreet-buildings .. : ' : z . ¦ Johu Brettargh , Pandleton , Lancashire , timber and coal merchant , Juae 20 , July . 10 , at . ' ten ; at the Commia-8 i 6 uera' Rooms , ^ lancbestsr . Solicitora , Mr .. Nethersole , Essex-street , titrahd ; and Mr . ; Foster , ' Manclieat-sr . ' ' ' : "¦'¦ ' ¦ ¦'¦ ' ¦ . ' '¦'¦¦ ' :. ¦'¦ '¦ ' . " . ¦ ¦ . ' ¦'¦¦ '¦' " ¦ - - ¦ ' :
' : ' -Joshua . Cutte'll , Yorkshire , clothier . Jiily 1 , at two July 29 , at tm , at tbe G < sorg- Hotel , Huddarsfield Solicitors , . Mr . Cornthwaite , : ¦ Dean's-court , Doctors ' Commons ; arid Mr . J . Cornthwaite , Livbrpopl . . RoOert Roberts , Nowtown , MontgomeryiihiTe , grocer , July 8 , 28 , at clevenj at the Oak Inn , WelchptioL Solicitois , Mr . Weeks , Cook ' s-court , Linculn ' t-ian ; and ilusers . Drew and Woosnani , Newtpwa . ¦ ; WiUiatn Smitb , Leeds , dealer and chapman , June 28 , at four , July 29 , at ten , at the ; Commissioaers' : Rooms , Leeds . Sohcitora , Messrs . Sharpi Field , and Jacfoiori , Beuford-row ; Mr . Foden , Loerta ; ¦ and Mesara . Wagstaff , San , and Marsh , ¦ yVarrington .-Joseph and Raiph Bfadburyi Oldham , Lancashire , cottjn-spiuners , Juiy 4 , at tin , July 29 , at twelve , at the CouiiuissioneM' Kjoms , Maucheater . Solicitors , Messrs . Johnson , Son , aud Weathcrali , Temple ; and Me-ssra . Horon , Manchfester .
Rjbert Insoll , Bright ju . coachmaker ; . June 24 , July 29 , at one , at the Town Hafl , Brighton . Solicitor , Mr . Williams , Alfred-place , Bedford-square .
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED . By water and Iogham . Biratal and Batley , Yorkahite , cloth-nianu f acturere . \ V . and H . Carass , Boroughbridge , Yorkshire , butchery G . Howard and Co ., Has > licgrien , Lancashire , ironfoundtrs , as far as regards Gh Howard . Atherton and Watson , Manchester , flintglass manufacturers . Gardner and Middleton , Warrington , Lanpshire , Jj eepers of a circulating library . J . Slack and Co ., Manchester , paint-mannlacturers . Dirning and Martindale , Riinfard , near St . Helens , Lancashirei coaimou brewers . J . Labrey and Co , Huddersflbld , teasjerchants . Watsons and Fraiikland , Wnitby Yoikshire , linen-drapers , as far as regards R . S . Watson .
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From the Gazette 0 / Tuesday , June 21 . BANKRUPTS . John Oirnrod , builder , MancheBter , to surren&er July 2 , August 2 , at twelve , at the Commissioners Rooms , Manchester . Howartb , Manchesttir ; : Apply , Alderbury , London . : ' -. ¦' . ¦¦ .- ' ¦'¦ . Tnouias Pitcairn . merchant , Liverpool , . July l , . Aug . 2 . at one , at the Clareuaon Rooms , Liverpool . Lo «« Y Gitfey , and 8 weeiipg , Southaiupton-buiWings , Gnaflceryrlane , London ; Nuita and Qwed , Liverpool ; William Mainwariiig , co > l-Hiaster , Dudley , July 5 i August 2 , at thiee . at the Swan Inn , Wolverhaniptoi . Ailiory , Sewtjll , and Moores , Throgmorton-sticet , LoB * don ; Twamley , DudUy ;
William Watta , grocer , King's Lynnj Norfolk . June 29 , August 2 , at eleven , at the King a Heart Inn , Kmg '« Lynn . Swatiiian , Ktng ' 8 Lynn ; Roy , BluntjJohusconi and Walton , Lothbury , London . '"' ¦ ¦ ..-William -Be ' tton , draper , Deeping Saint James , Liacolusbire , Jujoa 28 , August 2 . at eleven , at SiaDdwcll '* Hotel , Scamfurd ^ Atkinson and Jwkiaa , PeUitlorough . ¦ '" .-: "'¦ ¦ ' -. ¦ '" - ¦ ¦ ' ; -. '' ¦ . ¦¦ -:. - - ' . ' . :: ' - v ., : ' / "¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ WargaTet Themas , innkeeper , Manchester , July Si August 2 , at ^ eleven at tue Commissioners' Roowh Manchester . Jaqms ; Batcye , and B'lwa » dj , Ely-plac 9 i Hoiborn ; and Heath , Swan-street , Manchester . John Swanu , Onrrier . L'ju ^ hborougli , Juti 7 . Aug . 2 i at eleven , at the King ' s Head Inn , Lougnboroutb-Jobnson , Son . and We itearall , -King ' s-buiJCii-wiiiJfr Temple ; . Cowley . Notiinsham .
Jiiiiies Pulmani wine ' merchant , ' . Settle , Forkshirfli July 22 , at one . at the G . Jiden . Lion , Settle , and Aug . 2 , at one ; at tti © New inn , GisD ; urn . \ Rus 3 , Sjinoii d ' a Inn , Chancery-lint ); ' IjodjiSon , Gisfeum . : f John Jaiues Grant , a ! e merchant , Gioaceatei-street , Qdeen ' s square . Biocmabury , Juno 28 ; at 014 c , August -1 at ekvep , - at the Court of : Bankruptcy * NGtrafcaiiv otticial asaignee , Basinghall-strefct ; Hilleary , Leadenkw * strtet . . ""¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ .. ' . " . ¦¦ ¦ ¦' . ¦ ¦ ¦ ;¦ ¦• ¦ ¦ ' - ; ¦ : - ¦ : ¦'¦'¦ ¦ . - ¦ . •¦ ¦'• . ' ' John Horatio Clark and Henry Charles Farrow , wine merchants , King William-strtet , Juiy 5 ; at twel «» August 2 . at eleven , at theCourt of Bankruptcy . ** wards ^ official assignee . Frederick ' s-plaiw , O ; d i < &'i > fcjtl ^ ySergeant's lun . Fleet-street . .
, _ Richard Cockrill , grocer , Kirton-in-Lindsey , 1 * P colnshire , July 5 , and August 2 , at twelve , at the'WJu « Hftrtlnn , Giihsborough ^ Bill / Badfoid-row , Lufldoa ; Bellamy , Gains : ; erougb . ' \ v : : ¦ Phillip Waiters and Morgan Llawellyn , timb armtf ; chants , Neath . GiamorgaT-. sh ' rei July 12 . August . ? . •»« eleven , at the Bash Inn . Swunsea . Walters , 8 * ran ? 3 »! Rowland a , nd Young , White Lion-court , CorntuS , I < ° ? don . . ' :. ' ¦ - ¦' : •¦ - '¦ * -- ' : . - . ¦' . - : : ¦ "' - •• ' ' . ¦ :- . " > . : : : ' - Walter Javnei Barge , caTpehte ? r B : er-lane , Towerstreet , July . " l ; at twelve , August 2 ; at baif-pastrtw * . « the Court of Bankruptcy . Alsager , Buchm-Iin *! ^' cial assignee : Scott , St Mildred ' s Court . Poultry- ^ 1
John Gaorge BonrnOi carpenter , WellingtoD- ^* July 1 , at eleven , Anguit 2 , at two ,: at the Coort « Banktuptcy .: Green , official ; assignee , AlderuianW 7 ' Gregory and Cook , Swithin ' s-toe ^ : « -1 Criorge Edmund Cartwrighfc ; cheniist ,. Marib « r . W »' inghamshire , June 28 , at eleven , August 2 , at one , » the Court of Bankruptcy . Lackington , official assOT ™ Coleman-stwet-buildings ; Marsden , v W ^ tiinjfS ^ " Edwin Twizll Gough , patent agent , Strand , J . nne 29 . at two , August 2 , at twelve , at the Court of i » * . ruptcy . Johnson , official assignee , Btts inghall-s ' . wa >< Aiihley , Shoreditchr : ¦' : ¦ - " ¦ : ¦¦ " ¦ .- ;
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n * THE N . Q R T HER N S TAR . : - . - ' ' - .., / ' . / ' : ¦ :. " .. '; . ; . ¦ ¦ - \ ^ : ** . r ¦ - ¦ ¦ — ~* ' * ..- ' -. ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ' - ¦ ¦¦¦¦¦_ — . . — - ¦ ' ¦ . ¦ ¦! .,. -m , . j
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Tur . iiB are a TriEuy of Devils walking the earth —prir- ; erati , war , and inttrup ^ ranee . a gha . nd jury in Pennsylvania hare presented to tne C » , r . ifia £ utj ct 01 drunkenness , hoping that it may nv made a cuminal act , by a law of the state . — Wiil-uritburgh Democrat . A Womak ' s Reasoas . —A woman ' s reasons are said to be three : they are past , present , and to come ; a id are as fouows : — "Because 1 did" — "b . ^ a « j 1 wil l "—acd '' Because I ahouLd like . "
! xbe iin , t i » is impossible to get over ; the second is j almost a . hopeless case j and a man muet be a brute j indeed , if he oan for amoment object to the third . iheii tiiewavin which they brin ^ ihe reasons to bear I is evcrj thing . A man would kmt his brow surlily , 1 ana ssy in s deep repulsive voice , if he like-not the first interrogation , " Because I did I '' ] Not bo with a vroiiiau ; she would put on one t ) f her sweetest Jockt-, a-id half tmiiiug , say , " Whjmy dear , because 1 flia , —aud you know my love , ihat ' u a woman ' s resson for everything . " To the second a man would
reply , B&eaaBe i will : and it'I don ' t why " —and he woula be within a shade of swearing . But , a woman would shake her pretty Hale head , " Because I will ; ana you know , my oarliDg , when I Bay a thing , I aiwa > s do it ; aed I never do otherwise than please you , ao I my love I" As to the third , it does everything ; lor who can refuse them ** What they would like . " Trae enough , it has brought man to the gallows ; yet who ever could grumble at eo trifling & trial—a thing that can but happen once in a man ' s , ' lite when it shows his attachment to the sex ?
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• .- — - -... ¦¦ ' . ' . ¦¦ -I-.--J .-.. . . . ¦ LABOURERS' FRIEND SOCIETY , For disseminating Information on . the Advantages of Allotments of Land to the Labouring Classes , on Loan-Funds , and on other means of Improving their Condition . Under the patronage of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen , and Her Majesty the Qieen bawager rice-Presidents—Duke ' . ' of Bedford , Marquises of Buto and Bristol ; Earls of Shrewsbury , Mansfleld , Chichester , Euston , M . P . ; and Jermyn , M . P ;; Lords Morpeth andSantlon , M-P . ; the bish ips of Bath and Wei la , Gloucester , Rochester , and Norwich ; Lords Dacre , Shdrborne , Kdnyon , Gage , Folsy , . AshtoVn , ' Skelnjersdale . Nugent , and Mountsandford ; Sir William Pule , Bart ., &o . &c . &c
This Society was established in the year 1 S 30 , un < ler the patronage of hi 8 late Mftjestyj William the Fourth , aud Her Majesty , tho QiiuenDjwager ; the number of its members Las gradiially increased in ail parts of the country , amongst whom are many of the Nobilicy , Bishops , Clergy , and large landed Proprietors . It is instituted for the purpose 1 of ameliorating the condition of the labourer ; and proposes to 6 fFect its object chiefly by disseminating information on the advantages of the Allotment and Cuttage-GardeB System , consists in letting to the labourer , at a fair rer . t , such a quantity pf land as he ( with the help of his family ) can cultivate by apad © husbandry , without ne / jlecting his ordinary employment .
Wherever this system has been fairly and judiciously tried , it has produced the most benefl'jial results ; the means of subsistpncj ) and the comfprfa of the labourer have beon greatly increased , his character has been raised , and he has become , more industrious , contented , and peaceable ; thei-ties of mutual good-will between him and hia employer have been drawn more closely together , and the labourer has become the protector , instead of the destroyer , of property .
SOME OF IUE PLACESf , Where the system of allotting land to labourers has been tried , and the results that have followed . MIDSOBfER NORTON , HIGH LITTLETON , STONE easton , EMBKRROW , CLUTTONj and eishteeu other adjoining parishes . Grants—In these twenty-three contiguous parishes , there have been appropriated one hundred 8 fcs 7 i . « ty-3 . ve acres of land to nine hundred funiiiies , by the zwtlous ar . d inde ! atli ? able correspondent ; of the seciety . Captain ScobeU , of Hieh Littleton , hear Bath , and other landowners , who have liberally co-operated with him . Taking these famOies , which are partly agricultural and partly coal-nuniirs , at five to , ^ - " funiilyi it would make four thousand , five hundred parsons ! who are deriving the whole of their vegetable sustenance from their own labour . " ¦ ¦¦'
Jlesu'ts—In the division of Someraetsblre containinij the hundreds of Chow » n < i Chewton , thtre are tweiitysix p ; vri 3 hefl , bavin ? 40 000 acres , and 17 , 000 iuhabitaiite . Seven years ago / in this space and population , not one rood wia let to the labouring poor on thu allotmcntsj 8 tem . Tho txperiment that has been made has rtiBulted in most complete success ; the rents have bten regularly paid to the ¦ . uttermost farthing ; the crojm h : ive befen good ; the altered looks of iho peasantry show Uitm to be contented and happy , and they testify their gratitude to their benefactors by occasional presents of Tegetables , some of them of the finest deacriptioD . RICHMOND , SURREY .
Grants . — Land in the neighbourhood of a place containing 7 , 200 . - ¦ inbabitants is in great request , and is with difficulty obtained for letting in small allotrnentti ; but for the ast ; five years eleven acres hava b en let to one hun'irod and forty tenants , in proportions , ' - in general , of to ' n . rods ; or the l-16 th of an acre , and in no cm > 6 exoieding twenty rods . licsu'ts . —The gardens ara let to every description of mechanics and labourers ; they are pait ' icnlaily' well cultivated , and the rent reguLtrly and thankfully paid . There are a great many candidates for ¦ additional aHotmt ; : \ ts , could any more land be obtained for that purpose . '
REDUCTION OF POOR RATES . In one parish in Wilts , tha poor rates WLro £ 2 , 074 2 s . 81 I . ; tko Allotment System was introduced , and in a fuw years tboy were dirninisbed £ Gi 9 . In asiicJl parish in the same county , the poor latta were reiluced from £ 206 8 s . to £ i 123 . «( , ! . In a large parish in Essex , tbe poor rates amounted in ono yenr to £ 3 , 200 ; by the . adoption of the Bystom they w « ro diminiahed . iu the course of the following yuar , to £ 2000 . " ' ' , ' ;'' : ¦' At the Bath meeting , the R iv . Thomas Spencer , of Hlnton Parsonage , reported that s ' . xty tenants had a quarter cf an acr « i each , that the poor ratts h : td been reduced from £ 700 to £ 200 per annum , which could not have been tfi ' ected but for th <» allutmentia .
ADDITIONAL FACTS . The Association at Deviz ^ a state that , in that town and neighbourhood , there tire thirty-four parishes and hamlets in which the Allotment System has bean adopted ; and that the total quantity of land allotted baa beon 9 b : j acres , threo roods , and twenty-nine poles , amongst 1 !) 5 S tenants . Tbe DuVo < sf Bedford has GOO allotment tenants on his estate in Bedfordshire . Tlie Marquis of Landsdowno has granted allotments to more than 700 labourers , who are thriving , contended , and hapt > y . The Bishop of Bath and Wells has promoted the allotment Bystera for thirty years , and has no w above 700 smaU tenants enjoying ths fruita of his bniighttcbd philanthrtipy .
Earl litzwi'liatn has how between 400 ' and 500 allotmeat tenants on his extensive estates , and they fre still increasing , particularly in the neighbourhood of Sheffield and Rotherhain . At Wiitton-under-Edge and Horsley , both manufacturing districts , land has been let to 133 tenants , chiefly mechanics , employed in the cloth factories . The allotments arc well cultivated , abundantly cropped , the rants punctually paid , and it is . most gratifying " t-i witness the gladness of he : irt that has been diffused through sw many households , " and "to hear the grateful language of the tenants . " Cbown Lands . —Government have made four grants of Crown Land for the purpose of being divided , on reasonable terms , into allotments for labourers , &e . — n-iinely , one at Woolwich ; one at Uford , in EssrX ; one at Hilsea , near Portsmouth ; and one at Chelsea , for the qsu ot the pensioners .
Charitv Lands . —AtColerne , in Wilts , twenty-nine acres of charity land , which had been l * t for rriany years to a farmer , nt £ 15 per year , was divided into thirty allotments , and ba 3 been thus occupied for a period of twelve years . By this means ,. thirty families , which , including parents and children , amount to 176 individuals , have been kopt free from parish relief—^ are rendered' respectable , happy , honebt , and useful members of society , free from ofFenceB aeainst the law . They have a stake in tba country , and are anxious te promote tho welfare of tbe whole community . Since the eBtiblisbinent of the Society , thirty-six counties have been visit 9 d ; eighty public meetings have been held ; and , atamodbratecumputaUon , nearly . seventy thousand families have had allotments of land granted , either diructiy or indirectly , through the agency of the Society .
The Socuty is now extending its operations to Ireland ; several -counties have been Visited , and the publications are extensively circulated in that part of the empire . Any fnrther information may be obtained from the Secietary , John Wood * Esq ., at the ofilee , 20 , Extter Hall .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 25, 1842, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct759/page/6/
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