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ffilove fj^ouus ^atviotsi*
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MARRIAGE .
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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5 fiEFFX £ XiD . —Intermediate Sessions . i Hiege seasons commenced on Thursday , Sept . 1 st , held in the Court Bouse . The generality of the pjsas were , as usual , petty felonies . The only case of interest was the following , arising out of the recent torn-out . Benjamin Carr and George Beauaont were indicted for haying at Clayton West , be tween Barnsley and Hudderafield , conspired with o ther persons to disturb the peace , & . c . &o . and with fc avine entered the mill of George Norton , fancy cloth manufacturer , and knocking the plugs out of
the boilers belonging to ihe Baid mill . The prisoners ^ ere defended by Mr . Pashley . The Jary , after a ^ h ort consulsation found both the prisoners guilty . Jir . Pasbley then submitted to the Court that the offence with which his clients were charged was not cojjnizable by that Court , an Act of Parliament recently passed directing that all charges of conspiracy ghould i > e tried by Courts of Assize . The Court intimated that they would take time to consider tli 9 point . —On Saturday morning the prisoners were again placed at the bar , when the Court ordered their discharge .
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EXECUTION OF FRANCIS BRADLEY , AT LIVERPOOL , FOR THE MURDER OF HIS WIFE . The execution of Francis Bradley took place at twelve o'doci , on Saturday morning last . The crime of "which this """ " * % * conriceed before Lord Denman , at the late assizes , was the wilful and deliberate murder of his wife , by administering to her a quantity of arsenic mixed with beer . The convict , who was 32 years of &ge , an Irishman by birth , and a shoemaker by
occupation , occupied an upper room in the house of John and Catherine Lee , in Golding-street , Manchester , for about twelve months prior to the dreadful occurrence . To his wif « , Alice Bradley , he had betn married about eight yean , and by her he had three children , who are at present living . Nearly all the time the parties lived in Gilding-street , he treated hii wife with great inhumanity . It would app * ax that he contracted an intimacy with a single woman of the name of Theresa Pearson , and that he proposed , should the poisoning of his wife remain undetected , to decamp with Pearson to America in the month of May last .
Suice he had been confined in the condemned cell , two of the turnkey * were constantly kept watching him- Being a member of the Roman Catholic Church , he was daily Tisited by the Rex . Mr . Wilcock , one of the priests of St . Anthony ' s chapel , who administered to him all the consolations of his religion . In thu first instance , he was extremely hardened and impenitent , but latterly his mind had undergone a very considerable change for the better , and he seemed to Tiew fcis approaching fate with ril that solemnity and awe which become a man who stands upon the very threshhuld of eternity . It is painful , however , to be obliged to state that he never made any full confession of his guilt , but that he all through continued to persevere in asserting that he had never administered any arsenic to the unfortunate
woman . \ Some slight expectation was 6 ntertaiEed that he would , either at or be / ore he came to the drop , publicly admit the f ict , and not rush into the presence of his Maker with a lie in his right hand . This expectation "wbs not , ho ' . rever , realized , except the admission contained in the body of the written statement he left with Mr . Amos , the govtrnor of thi prison , namely , that ' he was " satisfied with his sentence , " may be biea as such . That statemeat we here subjoin : —
«• I , Francis Bradley , make the following declaration : —I die in the faith of the Holy Catholic Chnrch , of wtrieh I am truly sorry I have been an unworthy member . I earnestly beg of all ay brethren to pray after my departure for the repose of my soul . I die in peace with all mankind , forgiving sincerely from my heart all who have ever injured me or offended me , and caving forgiveness of all I have ever injured or offended . I depart this life satisfied with my sentence , and cheerfully submit to the death which it is the will of God I should suffer , hoping , through the infinite merits of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ , to obtain pardon of my « in * « md life everlasting . " I beg to return my poor but best thanks to the Governor of the prison for his humane treatment , and also to the keepers of the gaol and other oCcial individuals , for the kindness they have shown me during idt confinement .
" By my orders and directions the above declarations have been written . "FfiA-NCIS BRAD 1 ET . " Kirkdale , Sept 2 , 1 S 42 . " "We may as well remark , that the entire cf the above statement was in the handwriting ef the Rev . Mr . "WUcock . The signature , Francis Bradley , " and the date , "Kirkdale , Sept 2 , 1842 , " were in the prisoner's handwriting . From an early hour this morning the road , as well as
the fields , immediately in front of the place of execution , was crowded with thousands of the lower classes , from an impression that the awful scene would take place at eight o'clock . They seemed considerably disappointed at finding it delayed for four Lours longer ; but at twelve " clock their numbers appeared to have been very greatly reinforced . They amused themselVcB while tfeey -were waiting by shouting , throwing cabbage stamps , and other conduct of an unbefitting description ; and one fellow was actually detected in the act of picking pockets .
The Bsv . Mr . Wileock entered the condemned ctll at eight o ' clock , and remained with the prisoner until the time of his execution , praying and exhorting him to look to Heaven for the pardon of his transgressions . At about ten minutes to twelve o ' clock the Bolemn procession began to move at a slow jace from the condemned ceil , which lay on the north-western side of the prison , to the pinioning room , which was convenient to tbe place of execution . The procession consisted principally of the turnkeys and other officers of the prison . In th » centre walked the unfortunate man himself . His head was uncovered . There was an ashy pa ] ppg « over his countenance , but at the same time his walk was firm ; his head partially reclined . There was nothing of a vicious or sanguinary disposition in his
general appearance . He seemed to be about 5 $ feet in height The unfortunate man ascended the fl ght of steps leading to the pinioning room in a slo w but firm manner , and when there he stood for a short time engaged in prayer with the Rev . Mr . Wileock . Be was then placed in the pinioning chair , and the work of tying his legs and arms with short pieces of rope was commenced by the executioner . The chair upon which be sat was immediately in front of and commanded a full view of the gallows ; indeed , there was but a short platform , erected temporarily for the pnrpose , between him and the place of execution . He kept his eyes intently fixed for a long time upon the spot , during which Mb lipi were continually moving , as though he was engaged in deep mental prayer ; but there was a
hastiness in his manner which plainly showed that he waa more than anxious to have his earthly career as toon as possible at an end , seeing that all hope of receiving a reprieve had vanished . The Rsv . Mr . Wileock continued to pray in th * same audible voice until after he bad been launched into eternity . Immediately before the rope was about to be placed round his neck , tile Rev . Gentleman asked him if he had anything more to say , the prisoner , in a loud and audible voice , replied , ' 2 * o , nothing more ; " and then knelt down to pray , his eyes still fixed upon the gallows . After offering up a sbcrt prayer , he rose , shook hands with Mr . Wileock , the deputy governor , and some of the turnkeys , and walked across the platform to the appointed spot , where he waa to bid a final adieu to the world . The scene at this
moment was awfully solemn . E » ery mouth was huslsed in silence , and not even a breath was beard among the assembled thousands around the fatal scene . The executioner then placed the cap over the unfortunate man ' s head and face , adjusted the rope , and withdrew the bolt For the first minute or two the slightest straggle was not perceptible ; but after that tima he became dreadfully convulsed , and it was at lea £ t five minutes before life became completely extinct The last symptoms of Mb being still in existence that ws perceived , were two frightfully convulsive throes , in which his legs , arms , and indeed his whole body , were wound up to their utmost pitch , and seemed to be straggling with intense emotion . After the body had been suspended the usual time , it was cut down and buried within the preeincts of the prison . This was the only execution at Kirkdale since last April four years , when Hill , of Warrington , underwent the last sentence of the law for strangulation and rape . *
We must , in conclusion , do the crowd the justice to say that both immediately before and after tne execution , they behaved themselves in a much more orderly and quiet tti ^ titipt than is usually the case upon sucb ? .-carton *
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THE VICTIM COOPER . "We have received the following from this uncom promising and truly excellent patriot : — " Stafford County Gsol , " Tuesday , Sept 6 , 1 S 42 . " Mt dear Hill , — I learn that the magistrate * strictly irupect my letter * ; and I have received hinU to be cautious . For the last time , perhaps , for many a long month to oome , I now write yon a line just to say that I am in capital bealtk ( indeed , I never felt stronger or better in my life ); that I am calm , nay , cheerful ; aid feel no more sorrow at the thought of being eneompa » ed by impassable walls than I would at being Mated in the House of Commons- How sorrowful that w « uld make me , let my brave Shakspereanignesil
" Notwithstanding numerous entreaties to the contrary , I am resolved to plead my own cause in court I would not lose such an opportunity ( and that , perhaps , the last I may ever have in this world } of giving my nnflhwfring testimony to the truth . Nor would I forfeit this opportunity , to commit my canst to a hireling , even if . such a step were sure to end in my instant acquittal On this matter my mind it made up . " I now take leave of you , my dear Hill , it may be for a long season . My heart ' * best beckon be with yon ! Iamnot allowed a newspaper , so shall know nothing of your labours until my liberation .
"lam , dear Hill , " Toon most affectionately , "THOJUS Coorzs .
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MONIES RECEIVED BY MR . CLEAVE . POLITICAL VICTIMS AND DEFENCE FUND . Friends , Gold Beaters' Arms , Somers' Town per Mr . Bird ... ... ... 2 0 Buck ' s Head loc&Bty ... ... ... 2 0 Second division . Stepney shoemakers ... 2 6 Shoreditch locality , P&ICr . Rouse ... 10 Proceeds of a RaiHe ^ j ^ aa enemy of oppression , Limehouse ... ... 12 5 Mr . Litho ... ... ... ... o 6 Globe Fields ... ... ... ... 3 6 Chartists , Lower Moor , near Oldham ... 1 7 Colchester oicnes
... ... . or i- ' . er 2 6 Merthyr Tydvil , per Mr . Davis 12 0 A few friends , Limehouse , per Mr . Bassett 2 7 Chartist Masons , ( Craven Head ) ... ... 5 0 Collected at the Shepherd and Flock , Bell Alley , per Mr . W . M'Cormack ... 5 1 A Cordwainer , Ellin-nlace ... ... 0 6 Charasts , Newport , Isle of Wight , per Mr .
D Self ... ... 5 0 Bory Ss . Edmund ' s Association , per Mr . English ... ... ... ... 7 g
£ 3 7 8 FOB MASON AND CO , VICTIKS . Stuff Hatter 3 , London 5 0 Buck ' s Head locality ( per Mr . Southie ) ... 1 0 Do . ( per Mr . Rouse ) 1 0 Clock House locality 0 9 Stokesloy ( per Mr . Campbell ) 2 6 Mr . Stobbing 3 0 6 Teetotal Chartists , per R . John I 3 Mrs . R . Campbell 5 0 Friends , Somer ' s Town , per Mr . Henna ... 7 0 Mr . Toreddey 1 0 Lambeth Teetotal Chartists 2 6
£ 17 6 FOR MBS . HOLBEBKT Stuff Hatters , London 5 0 Mr . Domethorne ( Penzance ) 0 6 Mr . Place ( Deptford ) 3 0 Clock House Locality 2 6 A few friends , per G . Smith l 2 } Mr Rouse 1 0 Mr . Bell 1 0 Mr . W . Aldridgs 1 4 Bury St . Edmunds ... 2 6 £ 0 18 OA
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TO MR . J . HOBSOX . Loughborough , Sept 7 th , 1812 . Sis , —I beg to acknowledge the receipt of £ i 8 s . 8 ^ d . from Mr . Eveleigh , / your agent , ) fer which I return my most sincere thanks to you and my brother Cfcartists ; and beg to assure you and them that no privation nor fear of state dungeons shaU in any way cause m « to retract or deviate from agitating , is my usual humble but energetic manner , to assist my fellowmen in obtaining their long-lost rights and liberties . Again thinking my friends for their kind contributions , I remain , Sir , Yours and the public ' s humble servant , In the cause of democracy , James Duffky .
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ARREST OF RT 7 FFY KIDLEY , AT CINDERFORD , FOREST OF DEAN , GLOUCESTERSHIRE . On Monday , Angust 29 th , Mr . Biiley lectured at Cinderford Tump , on the principles of the Charter , to a large audience , including six magistrates , a quantity of police , and a reserved force concealed in the woods The mealing passed off very quietly . On Friday , September 2 nd , ' a public meeting was held on an open space of ground , let for that purpose , near the Furnaces , Cinderford . A requisition waa forwarded to Edward Jones , Esq ., magistrate , Hay Hill , requesting him to call the meeting , but receiving no answer , the revisionists called it on their own responsibility .
Tne object of the meeting was to elect a delegate to th-- Conference te be held in Birmingham . The authorities , determined , if possible , to thwart the object of the meeting , issued a proclamation , declaring it illegal ; but ,- " 1 othing daunted , Mr . Ridley addressed a large mettiiig ; and , at its conclusion , was unanimously elected delegate to the Conference from that district The utmost peace and good order prevailed : and Mr . R . particularly pressed upon them the necessity of dispersing in a quiet manner , that no handle might be afforded to their enemies .
After the meeting , William Henry Lander , Superintendent of Polics for the Forest , with Jasper Fowler , sergeant 52 C G , and another police-officer , followed Mr . R . to his lodging , the Green Dragon , Cinderford , where from 100 to 200 were waiting to enrol themselves in tfce National Charter Association . Superintends ^ Lander informed Mr . R . he had a warrant against him , and requested Mr . Ridley to address the multitude , and request them quietly to disperse . Tflis Mr . R . did , ana they , after showing some reluctance , ultimately went home . r Mr . Ridley went with the officers three miles to the residence of Joseph Pyke , Esquire , magistrate , Littie Dean , who declined to take bail without consulting his brother magistrate * . Mr . Ridley was then conveyed to the Newnbam Station House , and was there treated by Superintendent Lander in the m »» t gentlemanlike manner . On the following day , about two o ' clock , Mr . R . was examined before a bench of six magistrates .
The only witnesses examined were Jasper Fowler , 52 , C . G-, who deposed that on Monday , the 29 th August , Mr . Ridley was addressing an assembly of persons , and made use of the following language : — * ' Tha ; it was a great shame the Queen did not maintain her own mother , as you pooi Foieaters are obliged to do . " The other witness was Superintendent Lander , who stated , that hearing a meeting was to be held on Friday evening , for the election of a Delegate to Birmingham , he attended , and heard Mr . Ridley state the object of
the meeting , and address them for some time- At the conclusion some one moved and it was seconded , that Mr . Ridley should be the Delegate to the conference . The time was after seven o'clock ; abeut 800 persons were present He received from the prisoner several papers , and amongst them the Queen's proclamation , the magistrates cantion that the meeting was illegal , thu form of an appointment of Delegate te the Birmingham conference , and a written paper containing the six points of the Charter . After the meeting he followed Mr . Ridley , to the Green Dragon , and told him he had a ¦ warrant for him .
This waa the whole of the evidence adduced , and on this the magistrates committed Mr . Ridley for sedition , but stated they would admit him to bail , in his own recognizances for £ 100 , and two sureties in £ 50 each , but on the application of Mr . R , the magistrates accepted four sureties , in £ 25 each , and himself in £ 106 to answer a bill of indictment , to be preferred asainst him for sedition , at tha next ftloneester A&sLzes .
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WHIG CONSPIRACY AGAINST CHARTIST PRINCIPLES . TO THE ED 1 T 0 B OF THE NOB . IHEB . N STAB . Si ' r , —One of the most diabolical attempts at the assisEination of a man's character has been made here against my character , as the seqael will show , that ever Vv ' hiding press sat down to plot . On August 26 th , I attended & public meeting in this town , which was convened for the purpose of considering the principles of "Universal Suffrage and the Ballot , " when I endeavoured to expound the principles ef the People ' s Charter as superior , for the interest of labour , to tuo&e of Universal Suffrage and the Ballot alone . It must be remembered that this meeting was not called by the Chartists but by the influential gentlemen and manufacturers of H&nley and Sbelton , but a resolution being put for the whole Charter , was carried unanimously . In the speech I delivered on the occasion , the
Editor of the tS . ercu . Ty ( the Whig press of this place ) In a concocted report of that meeting , had put physical force expressions in my mouth for me , in order that the authorities might have a pretext for seizing me , together with my compeers , in our rtruggle for constitutional freedom . So soon as I discovered this report , I repaired to the office of this libeller and asked him the author of the report , but be would give no answer . In consequence of this I promised to drag him ( if the authorities put their threat of taking me and searching my hcuse ) before the public , by placarding the townships and exposing tfee infamous trap which he had set for tne military savages to catch me with . The man seemed thunderstruck at my determination , and promised to insert me a letter to deny the infamous libel which he bad manufactured . And I may safely Bay that my timely interference has prevented me from falling into the Iron hands of an irresponsible oligarchy and physical force authority .
I belUve , Mr . Editor , I am the only one left now to espouse the glorious cause in , our neighbourhood Messrs . J . Richards , J . Holdham , L . Robinson , J . Cappar , J . Yates are in prison ; warrants are now out against others , and the ruthless hand of persecution and despotism is doing it * utmost to procure the last man whj bears the honourable name of Chartist No meetings are allowed ot any description , sid those-who may attempt will be sef * ed by the wolves in power . Last Tuesday , Mr . Gerrard , one of our
members , who was ahot through the body and since recovered so as to w ^ lk about , has been seized and committed to take hii trial at Stafford , on the paltry charge of being amongrt Uw people at Burtlem . Not being satisfied with shedding his blood , their intention is to murder him in prison , tojether with others of the ssine principles . The local press hers has endeavoured to mislead the public by attributing the lat « outrages to Chartist orations , which they say have produced discontent amongst the labouring population , and in a great measure has succeeded ; but althonjh Chartism
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apparently may be suspended , yet there is a nucleus of individuals who are determined to bring it forth at every public meeting , and if possible to cause it te manifest its giant power and the justice ef its cause . Generally speaking , the different factories here have returned labour , and excitement is greatly allayed * Some few " specials" are yet engaged to protect the town , and the military are still doing duty , the cavalrr being discharged . The mines are yet bat partially worked . You will see , Mr . Editor , by the above facts , bow honest men have been entrapped by laying the effects of discontent on those who have endeavoured to do their duty to their fellow beings . Yours , An uncompromising Democrat , Moses Simpson , Sub-Secretary . Hanley , Staffordshire Potteries , Sept . 5 th , 1842 .
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TO THE EDITOK OP THE NOKTHEBN STAR . Sir , —Her Majesty ' s Government were either right or wrong in asserting that the distress which prevailed throughout the country during the last session of Parliament waa only temporary , and arose from the necessary fluctuations of trade . If they were right , then there oan have been no legitimate cause for the recent general strike , for , a little more patience , and we should have seen the end of oar present misery ; but if they were wrong , they have forfeited the respect and confidence of their countrymen .
Now , it is stated that 'he redaction of their raks of wages by certain manufacturers was the immediate cause of the present strike . Was this a legitimate cause 1 I mean , first , was there any necessity for this reduction , in consequence of the low rates at which the manufacturers were obliged to engage to furnish goods ! ticoondly , was there any necessity for the artisans ta refuse to submit to this reduction , they not finding any compensation for it in the reduction of the cost of living , consequent upon the alteration of the Tariff , and of the scale of the Corn Laws , and upon the prospect of an abundant harvest !
Wo have been told that there was a revival of trade at the commencement of the strike . But it de . pendB upon the terms upon which trade is conducted , whether that be a return of prosperity . By a return of prosperity , Ministers mHst have understood , as the wages of our artisans were at the starvation point , such a revival of trade as woaJd enable the mill-owners to give higher wages , or at all events , wages at a higher rate , compared with the cost of living previous and subsequent to the passing of the new Corn Law scele and the Tariff .
If , sir , the manufacturers have not being compelled to reduce their prices , they deserve to be censured for their avarice , or their factious proceedings . If , in spite of the reduction , the artizans were , on account of the actual or probable fall in the costs of maintainance , likely to be in a better position , they are to be censured for turbolance and insubordination . But if neither of these are to blame , then the present advisers of Her Majesty have erred in their political theories , aud deserve the confidence of the nation no longer .
All these questions , sir , Bhew the necessity of Parliamentary inquiry ; and 1 sincerely hope and earnestly recommend , that the efforts of the people and of their leaders be directed to procure from her Majesty the speedy summoning of Parliament together , to enter into a consideration oT the causes of the recent strike . I am of opinion that the Lord Lieutenants in the counties , and the magistrates in the towns , should be petitioned to convene meetings for this object , and I conceive that such meetings , if they were convened and petitions agreed to at them , st-ating the moral grievances of the people in their several localities , would be the best guarantee of the maintainance of public tranquillity .
I hope that the present disturbances may thus end in the devising of some meaus for the protection of labour , and of the tradesman , and millowner , from ruinous competition . I have the honour to remain , sir , Your obedeent and humble servant , John Pkrcival . Kensington , Sept . 5 , 1842 . P . S . —May I request yeu to publish in one of your early numbers , " a theory of strikes in general , " and " a practical illustration of their effects , from history . " I am at a Iobs to understand how strikes can benefit workmen , except where masters are under contract to finish work by a given time , cannot get other hands , and are kept to their engagement .
[ Our opinion is that strikes have always been injurious to the workmen , and that they always will be so , until thr people have one of two things—the power of legislation , or a confirmed universality of action and organisation . —Ed . S ]
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TO THE EDITOR OF THE NOHTHERN STAB . Mr . Editob , —You will excuse me if I should ask you to publish my last week ' s letter to you . The reason of this my application to you is , Mr . O'Brien , in his comment upon my letter to the Editor of the Statesman , has made the said letter into a cat's paw , to perpetuate his detractions on the character of O'Connor and other Chartist leaders . I am not a man of faction ; but unless yon protect me in this matter , by publishing the said Utter , I shall be considered as such . I am well aware that you have a decided superior privilege of judging of the nature and tendency of matter as emanating from different parts of the country than I have , and therefore you ought not to be blamed for your selections ; but I hope you will grant this application .
In assisting me this time , with the publishing of the above defence , you will much oblige , Yours , in Democracy , Peter Riglet . Durham Collieries , Monday Morning . F . S . I want to steer clear of factions .
P . R . [ The letter alluded to by our correspondent having been received for a former nuaber of the Star and declined , is not now at hand ; it is , in all probability , destroyed ; but we hope that the insertion of the above will servA Mr . Rigley ' s purpose just as well . Ed . N . S . ]
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ADDRESS OF THE OPERATIVES OF ASHTONUNDER-LYNE , TO THE MANUFACTURERS , TRADESMEN , SHOPKEEPERS , AND ALL OTHERS WHOM IT MAY CONCERN .
Having patiently waited a month for the purpose of receiving some token of the intentions of our employers as to whether they were willing to afford us a just and equitable remuneration for our labour—and as nothing has been advanced by them or ^ any of them , or from us , having a tendency to lay before the world a complete and thorough knowledge of the cause of out ce&aation from labour , and the wretched position in which the majority of us were placed in consequence of repeated reductions , we now come before a discerning , and we hope , an impartial tribunal , namely , the public , to make a fair and true statement of the motives and reasons why we left our employers—why we continued away—and -why we intend to do so until a fair and equitable adjustment is made between the employer and employed .
We also intend , in the course of this address , to point ont what we conceive to be the remedy for the weighty and numerous grievances of which we have to complain , and leave it to the thinking portion of the community to decide whether we have acted with impropriety or not in our present struggle witb . the magistrates of the land , or whether we are to have bread for ouraelveB and families in return for our labour . We would not have taken the present course of publishing our complaints or laying before our employers and the public the cause of our dissatisfaction , but we have no other means , as our delegates when collected together have been tyrannically dispersed , and when stnt individually to ask our employers to grant our requests , have been treated with the utmost contempt .
Every individual of our own classes who was possessed of sufficient intelligence to advise or direct us in this momentous crisis has been dragged to prison like a felons , or compelled to leave their families a prey to tyranny and starvation , and seek that security from persecution in a strange place they couid not enjoy at home , though guilty of no crime . We , therefore , are compelled to ask every one connected with our manufacturing establishments the following questions , to which we expect definite and unequivocal replies through the same medium as they are put ; and let mankind decide whether our demands are unreasonable : — First Would it not be better that all who manufacture any similar description of goods should give the same price for their production , as then the superiority of the fabric would ensure the prosperity of the employer , and not the rapidity of the production , or the quantity produced t
Second . Would not giving all one prioe have a tendency to improve machinery , instead of increasing its powers of production , and ruining those small capitalists whose mills or machinery are incapable of receiving these improvement * ? Third . Would It aofc have a tendency to create a happy understanding between the workman and bis employer , and prevent unprincipled men from starving or working to death their fellow-creatures , as masters and men would then unite throughout the length and breadth of the land to prevent the encroachments of these rapacious cormorants t
Fourth . Would it not employ more men . and prodnce a greater quantity of really serviceable goods , to work on a less number of spindles , and confine all to a given number agreed to by all parties , and the weavers to be cenfined to tw « looms , and no abatements to be nude for bad work , bat if their work did not answer discharge them ?
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Fifth . Would it not be prudent to prevent any female from working in any spinning room , as is the cue in many places already ? would it not increase and purify the morality of both sexes , render them more virtuous and religious , adding to their usualness and happiness , and tottoMs pectabUitf of Booiety ? Sixth . Would it not be better to work no more than ten hours 1 for five days ia the week , and eight hours on Brtutfoji it would prevent the markets being glutted as heretofore by over-produotlon , and give all parties , time for study or amusement In all the rhodomontade that ever was apouted about colenial slavery , TS , < P ® V ? « ^! ard of on * nble brethren working by artificial f light Did not God proportion the length of the day to a man ' s strength ?
Seventh . Is it not proper when a man is compelled * ° * £ * artificial light , that he who reaps the benefit of that needless labour ought to bear the expense of that light ? Did not Christ say " Theuight cometh when no man can work 1 " Eighth . Is it just or proper that diacreefc and industrious people should be locked up in any workshop all the day long ? NiHtb . Would It not be more advantageous to the operative to receive his wages every week , as baying with ready money would be au advantage of at least f , iT f ** ' for the ah ° P 3 "herein they are com-^ m t * * Ml 1 third- » te articles at firet-r&te price ? Tenth . Is it just , honest , or reasenable that those men
who invested small sums of money in trade or commercial pursnitsa few years ago , and are now possessed of millions , should expaot any thing like the same returns as when they enjoyed a monopoly of all the markets in the world ? The avaricious propensities and wicked legislation of onr law makers has driven the flower of our artisans to other lands , where they now expend their-ability In superseding the necessity of buying Bntash goods , after wasting the best of their days in pouring streams of geld into the pockets of our present employers , who were not content with day labour , but absolutely ran their mills and factories by right , until by competition they destroyed their own trade , and now the greater part of the loss is borne by the operative .
Eleventh . Many mill-owners assert that as they are placed at a great distance from the market , and have to bring the raw material to the factory , as well as take it back to town hi a finished state , that it is a great drawback on their profits ; but many of them have water power , get their fuel very cheap where the pits are near , and they have engines , and pay less rent than in a town : therefore they can have no excuse for paying less for production to the operative , even if they had none of those advantages . They are continually telling ns there always was and always ought to be various rankB in society , and It appears from their past conduct they desire to keep their workmen in the starving rank ; but why should not every grade of prosperity and profit exist as well amongst employers as the employed ?
We now call upon our employers , as the professed advocates of the liberty of the human race—as Englishmen , countrymen , and neighbours , to take thi « our explanation of the cause of oar being in our present position info their most serious consideration . We do not wish to destroy life or property , ruin our trade , or dishonour oar characters as men . We wish and expect , when we commence work again , to receive in return for our labour the means of procuring the necessaries of life with a portion of its luxuries—as we , the operatives , collectively produce them all—we wish to enjoy the fruits of our industry in peace , leaving time for recreation , and to be treated by all like men .
You never associate with us—hence you cannet know our wants , and desires , er opinions—our children want education—ourselves and our wives want repose from the wasting , harassing fears of want . Turn then your attention to our well-being , and the perfecting of our felicity , to which we are entitled in our homes , oease to covet so great a proportion of the produce of the labours of your fellow men—lay aside that silly pride that only engenders strife and hatred ; life is too short to be spent in misery ( your machines would be useless without our aid ); and by acceding to our request of giving us " a fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s work ;" ' prove to the world that yonr desire is to center happiness , as you say it is , on all those under your controuL
But pray why did you send for armed men to batcher us if we refuse U labour ? Many of you were once practical operatives yourselves—connected with strikes and resisting reductions ; and we are satisfied you would not brook such treatment as you have given to us . It is the lnat argument of a robber , when he cannot get the money of another by stratagem , he knocks him on the head . Surely , you will not again resort to this dastardly ceurse 7 Give us then plain , unsophisticated replies to these « ur honest and manly inquiries : if you do not , the world will conclude that you intend to destroy the frame work of society for the sake of self-interest , by inflicting still greater evils upon ita members ; and if such be your intention , " May God defend the right !!!"
To our friends , the shopkeepers , we say , we are both grieved and surprised to see them leagued with a bedy of men who are assisting to ruin them hourly , and supporting a callous-hearted and reckless government , wbo are fleecing both ua and them every day by savage and unnecessary taxation . You are a portion of our class ; and if your chief support came from ' the moneyocracy we could not blame you ; bnt you know it does not : therefore act like men and Britons ; throw down those accursed symbols of tyranny you have been compelled to carry through the streets t > f your native town ; and if you will not assist us in a pecuniary way , stand neutral , and leave us to contend with the foe alone . We told 1 you we intended to show the reason why we came out , and why we stayed out , and why we will stay out First , then , we came out because we were overworked or starving .
Second . We do not go to work when required , because our just and moderate desires were not complied with . Third . We dare not go to work now nnless our desires are granted , lest we should be Btarved as before or entlaved for ever . Hoping we may soon heat the unbiassed opinions of all parties concerned , and be enabled to return to ¦ work with the prospect of living by our labour , We are . Most respectIfuIIy yours , The Operatives of Ashton-undeb-Lynb and its Vicinity .
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TO THE FEMALES OF THE METROPOLIS ANI ITS VICINITY . Sisters in Bondage , —W « address you at thto important juncture , feeling it to be a duty incumbent upon us to take the most active and vigorous steps to secure your valuable co-operation in the great and glorious cause of liberty whereby to emancipate ourselves and you from political and social slavery ; seeing that your assistance and advice is so serviceable , so consoling , and in fact so indispensibly necessary to out social and domestic comfort , we think it no disparagement to accept ) nay to solicit your aid in our politieal Btruggle , knowing as we do that you endure privations even greater than ourselves ; knowing as we do , that thousands of you work , nay slave from sixteen to twenty hours ont of the twenty-four to obtain the means of the most scanty subsistence , often at occupations injurious to your constitutions , and often under circumstances bo repugnant
to your feelings that life itself becomes an unbearable burden , and yon sink into an untimely grave ; cat off from society as the " blushing rose cast to ths winds ;" we would fain see you the presiding divinities ef a happy home and surrounded by every comfort bo abundantly sent us by the Great Creator , but so wickedly withheld from us by tyrants , nay monsters in human form ; for this end we seek to obtain the Charter , name and alL Come , then , and assist ua ; for recollect should some of you be placed in circumstances more favourable than others , the time will eome when youalBO musk feel the evils resulting from bad laws , for tyrants have no sympathy for the widow ' s tears or the orphan ' s prayers ; but a long pull , a strong pull , and a pull all together , and our cause will be victorious . Our cause is just in the sight of God and of men after God ' s own heart , therefore it must prevail over the devil and all his works .
Come , then , fellow countrywomen , and assist us in the holy work , for you can do much to strengthen us . Let every wife go with her husband , and every other female witb her sweetheart , brother , or other relative ; and to those who have no relatives , who are members , we say , take courage , and introduce yourselves , and we can confidently assura you that you will never have cause to repent doing so , for all our acts are legal and lawful , and your attendance at our meetings so far from bsing inconsistent with your sex and duty , aa some would make it appear , we can incontostlbly prove to be a duty of paramount importance ; it will place you on a better , a more equal footing with man , and will render you more valuable , more endearing to those to whom God has given yon , as his choicest gift , bis greatest blessing . Women , to your duty , then , and let no false
friend or false notion deter you , and may the God of justice crown onr united efforts with speedy success , is the earnest prayer of your brothers In bondage . Signed on behalf of the men of London , by the member * of the Metropolitan Delegate Meeeting , Thomas Lucas , William Cunay , Thomas Smith , John Davis , Benjamin Newby , James Christopher , Edward Piekersgili , John Debell , James Knight , Samuel Squires , William Gardiner , —— Brecknon , George Wyatt , William Dvroe , William Heath . Thomas Southie , John Dowllng , James Morgan , William DaUbar , James E . Nagle , James Dobson , Abel Cook , William Smith , John G . Gron ,
• Grover , William Humphreys , John Simpson , John Maynard , Richard Johns , ——Rose , Graham , Thomas Beaden , Best , Jioekrtt , Edward Langwitn , Thomas M . Wheeler . John Sains , Henry Wiikins , Jobs WiUwrdine . Secretary .
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TO THE CHARTISTS OF LONDON . My Friends , —Having arrived at / the Forest of Dean , I again take up my pen to give you a short outline of my labours . On Friday , Angust 12 th , I started by the " Marrowbone" stage from Frome to the Daverels . The Davarels are five agricultural villages , situated in a lovely valley . I was kindly and gladly received by our veteran friend , Stephen Tudgey . On Sunday , the 14 th , I lectured on Pert wood Down to a good audience of agricultural labourers and their fair partners . There is a tyrannical Tory farmer living not one hundred miles from Monkton Deverel , who ever appears to study what acts of cruelty he can perpetrate on his poorer neighbours . His last humane act was that of turning bis pigs into the wheat fields before the poor were allowed to glean them .
The worthy lessee of Pertwood Farm , Stephen Raw-Iins , Esq ., attended my lecture on horseback , and invited me to tea . His worthy lady and family treated me with unbounded courtesy . I find the poor respect the name of Rawlins . On Monday , the 15 th , I left by the dawn of day for Yeovil , on foot , over the Downs . The pen would only give a faint description of the sublime scene I enjoyed . The glorious sun rising ; nature dressed in all her gay apparel ; the feathered creation paying its vocal adoration to the God of nature ; the silver stream wending ita playful way through the valley . I stood , wrapt in awe and wonder , contemplating nature ' s picture .
I got to Mere , and breakfasted with Stephen Miles , the isolated Chartist of this place . I travelled on to the town of Wincanton , got a conveyance from this place to Yeovil , and was well received by R . Adams and friends . Mr . Adams took lodgings for me at the Paul Inn , kept by a Mr . Lewklns . I slept at the inn that night At noon , on Tuesday , Mr . Adams was informed my carpet bag and other articles bad been removed to another inn . Our friends , on inquiry , found this report to be true . I gave my lecture in the evening , in a good room belonging to a Society for the improvement of the people , to an excellent audience .
Oa Wednesday , our worthy friend Mr . Adems went to his employ ; , He was then informed bis services were no longer required after the work he had in hand was finished . This day brought to light who were at the bottom of me being turned out ef my lodgings . A Tory brewer of Yooyii , a fine middle-class gentleman . His dirty work did not injure me ; would I could say the same of our friend . This evening I again had a good attendance . My two lectures appeared to give the people of Yeovil satisfaction . Our friends requested me to give them a third . The room on this occasion was crowded to suffocation . I received the thanks of this meeting , and must tell you truly , without high colouring , the just principles of Chartism are making rapid strides among all classes .
I had the pleasure of spending Thursday morning with the Rev . J . Solby . This gentleman and I had a long discourse on the prospects of our movement—Mr . Solby acknowledging I had disabused his mind regarding the ' chief stave ' ef our movement In my opinion , and I find in the opinions of all good men / it would be well for general suffrage lecturers to promulgate the principles of justice and good will to all men , Instead of the dirty work I find done by a young man whoBe jost sense of daty ought to teach kim better .
On Friday morning I left Yeovil for Chard . Lectured In Chard Market-place the same evening to more than a thousand persans . Twenty-eight cards were taken up . I disabused the minds of our friends that had been poisoned by the general suffrage lecturer . Farewell for the pres « nt Truly yours , Buffet Ridley . August 29 tjh , 1842 .
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TO THE CHARTISTS OF SOUTH LANCASHIRE . Fellow-Slwes , —We are now placed in a very critical position through the machinations of the most heartless sat of demons in human shape that ever disgraced the world . The Corn Law League , for the basest of purposes , originated the recent strike ; and no doubt , if the people would have remained passive tools in their hands , some little effort would have been made for their support by the middle classes ; but thanks to the trades at Manchester , they at once declared for principle , aud thereby convinced the faction that the working classes would not be duped by the humbugging League . This bas caused these "liberals" to mark your best men in easb locality ; and now they have the harpies of the law hunting them " like partridges on the mountains , '' whilst our lawmakers are finding recreation in shooting grouse .
The press and the pulpit are used as vehicles of calumny , all concurring to throw the blame on you , whilst some of the clerical ruffians have even dared to insult the Great Creator of the Universe , by returning him thanks for delivering this " happy and prosperous country from the dangerous and mischievous hands of designing Chartata , " But , my friends , let not these things discourage you , for so persecuted they the righteous of old . Let not fear take away your energies ; but rally at once , and carry on your agitation with renewed vigour . Your meetings , according to the printed plan , should be held as usual . Remember our association is legal . These meetings are legal ; therefore let each be at his post ; and we will endeavour so to rally as to make even our oppressors admire our fortitude .
If any locality should be so situated as not to be able to hold their meetings according to the plan , it would be well if they would send word to me , that I may prevent the lecturers from going , as several have done , and been disappointed . As your Secretary , I should not be doing my duty if I did not acquaint you with some little matters of a pecuniary nature . In the first place , I muss ioform you that your treasurer is about £ 2 in arrears . This is a trifle , compared with the extensiveneu of onr
organisation , as we have forty-six localities in toe Association . Each paying the penny levy now due will place us in our usual position ; that is , having a fund in bond . Yon will also remember that at the last meeting it waa agreed that a fund should be raised to extend Chartism in Ireland , each locality to send not less than sixpence , and as much more as circumstances would permit , when the delegates should have met on Sunday lost . The joiners and carpenters acted nobly , sending five shillings to commence the business with . I would say to evtry locality In England , " Qo and do likewise . "
As this matter is intended for the whole Chartist body , it is not necessary to explain the whole of the legal bearings ou this question , suffice it tor the present that no one will be acting contrary to the laws in this affair ; and I trust that as south Lancashire has begun this matter , that all will see the necessity of supporting this fund . All monies sent to me until the next South Lancashire delegate meeting will b « accounted for in the Northern Star . Chartists" of Swath Lancashire , two years we have been linked together , and I take this opportunity of thanking yon for the men you have selected as your representatives . Their conduot htm been an honour to the cause of liberty . Harmony and concord has marked their deliberations on all occasions . I am , your ' s respectfully , James Cartledge , Secretary .
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THE CONFERENCE—HAVE WE AN EXECUTIVE ? TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —The Complete Suffragists having abandoned ( not postponed ) the Conference originally called to assemble in Birmingham , in the coarse of the present week , the question arises—i& there to be no Conference ? If there is a necessity for a Conference , and I think there is , why not some other power summon it ? If we are to wait the mandates of Mr . Sturge and his friends , we may as well at once break up the National Charter Association , and join the Complete Suffrage Union , a thing which I am not prepared to do uutil I have some better evidence of the honesty of the
" Stnrgites" than is to be found in their alliance with Daniel O'Connell , and other notorious enemies ot the democratic body . Why not the Executive summon the said Conference ? In their address , issued prior to the late " Btrike , " they stated that a Conference was to be held In London , in September , at the time of the intended presentation of the memorials to the Queen . I suppose the London Chartists have not abandoned their intention of presenting the said memorials , though I opine the day is altered , owing to her Majesty's" visit to the " iand ' o cakes . " I would then humbly suggest that a Conference be called , to assemble in London , on tha occasion ef the presentation of the memorials .
But , Sir , have we ah Executive ? I should bave put this question before now , but that I expected it would have been mooted by yourself . I think we bave not Leach is under bail , * and consequently not free . A prioe is set upon M'DouaH ' a head , and the bloodhounds of the law are scenting for his track . Bairstow is silent , and I fear not at liberty to be otherwise . Williams is distant , and from present circumstances cannot act with the other members . Campbell appears to be the only one acting ; bnt one man cannot work for five . It appears to me , Sir , that the sooner the members t&ke up this question the better . I mean no offence to th * present Executive , but I do think , at a crisis like tho present , onr chief officers should be men free to meet , advise , and act for the good of their constituents . If the present Executive is thus free , well an d good ; If sot , the sooner we bave such an Executive the better .
In the meantime , I would respectfully suggest to the General Secretary the propriety of taking the sense of the members of the Association , as to whether there should be a Conference , and if so , when and where ? . a mihbeb of the national charter Association .
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TO IHfi EDITOR OF THE NORTUBRN SXAR . Sir , —It has been frequently said that if we would get anything from those in power , we muav ask for much mere than we can hope to obtain in order to make certain of that which we do expect ; but the working meu of Lancashire , in their novel strike , have acted upon a maxim wholly the reverw ot this , ana nave asked for something less than they expected ; or thaa they could possibly bave been satisfied with , with the exception . of the employed spinners and mechanics . Had they asked for five shillings s-day for every working man performing ten hours labour , there would bave been something in this demand to stimulate them onwards in their dangerous undertaking , whether
employed or not , for then they might have hoped by such au advance . of wages , to have greatly promoted the home trade , and thus furnished employ to the wandering outcasts who now traverse our proud citi' -s—the victims of monopoly . And who could hare en id that such a demand was unreasonable or unjust ? Could the Government ? CpuIcJ Peel or Goulbourn , Graham or Stanley , with each of them more than £ 13 per day wrung in taxes from the very men who were making this demand of only five shillings per day , or but the fifty-fourth part of what they themselves wer « r «» iT ing ? Or could the fifteen judges , if the people had been brought before them for any disturbance occasioned thereby , when all of them are in the receipt ofauUries equal to those of the ministers above-named .
Why , ' one would imagine that the mere thought ef opposition would cause them to blush for very shame . But shame or not , we well know that they would have had an hundred excuses for snch opposition . Where you are , working men , they will ever keep you , so long as they have the poster . Had you succeeded in creating a formidable dUplayfor mere wages , they would only have deceived you . They would have promised you anything to have got yon Into the mills again , and then you might have gone to the devil for its performance . Intact , based as trade is , they themselves , if disposed , could not adhere , for any length of time , to any agreement for any fixed rate of wages . A Iegisg lative enactment would be necessary . One black sheep in a hundred would lead to a breaking up of any such
Hat Ob , but say some of you , we would have had the Charter as a guarantee for the continuance of our wages . Why , when the wages contended foi- was offered , thousands , weary with the Btruggle , would have been fully satisfied , and the poor Chartist would have been laughed at for bis zeal , whilst on his head the unmitigated rigour of the mortified niilloer . it full . Much has been said about the origin of the outbreak , whether concerted by Chartists or Corn Law Repealer ^ It is like " Much ado about nothing . " Cannot every one see that nothing but wide-spread discontent could have led to so extended and instantaneous a strike ? and if distress had not been equally prevalent with that discontent , neither Chartist nor Corn Law Repealer would have been able to effect it The Repealers may , tor aught I know to the contrary , have plotted it ; they may have agreed that Bay ley should be the first to reduce , bis workmen ' s wages , and have calculated that the men would instantly strike , and ev <> n that they
would go to other mills and turn them out there also . This is supposing much ; and a most dangerous experiment for the mftlownbTa to engage in ; but i am aot surprised that a millowner , near Aahton , should bo the first to engage in making a reduction . Hero , in oar humiliated town of Preston , where the well-known Peterloo tragedy bath just been re-enacted , the millowners have , of late , enjoyed a monopoly of trade . For years they have taken the lead in reductions . You will probably remember something of the riots in Manchester in 1829 . I was living there at thai time , and for three months waa unable to get any work ; but on coming to Pnston that year , I found there had been no scarcity of work ; the reason was , eighteen-penoe Ie 88 , at every six shillings worth of labour , was paid . I have wrought work here , within the last six months , for which I have been paid 2 s . 6 d ., and which work , in Bolton , would have obtained 3 a . 6 d . This is the difference with nearly all kinds of labour ; and this ia not all . The abatements and fines are beyond all
comparison . I have a girl that hath wrought fez the last twelve months here , as a steam-loom weaver , for that old pious gentleman who , some time ago , gave £ l , 000 to the Church Building Society , and whoBe principal residence is in Manchester ; but whose weavers 1 will undertake to prove , notwithstanding his matchless generosity , have , within the last six months , received less for their labour , by more than three shillings in the pound , than the weavers in any other mill , even in Preston , with one solitary exception , the notorious scoundrel whose spinners were last week sent to gaol in a body for refusing to go to their labour . Now , I always told my girl to be sure to make good work , and
f mind quality rather than quantity ; but occasionally threepence , sixpence , and as much as a shilling , was abated , which , on inquiry amongst other weavers , I found to be but a matter of common occurrence—that but few , if any , escaped . One week eleven-pence , the price given for weaving a cut , was taken , for some fault that it had , and threepence more because some cop bottoms had been found in the privy . They had been unable to find out who it was that had put the cops there , bo te make sure , they took from every weaver threepence each . Thus Is . 2 d . from her wagea was this week taken , and the redactions which had been made during the previous three months , took away from that same week ' s work , no leas than 1 b . 8 d .
more . * j «•< Such statements , Sir , are incredible . Those who live not in a manufacturing district , will with difficulty believe them , but here yeu see man's villany exposed , naked and unblushing . The tools employed to do the tiiity work of the millownera , justify themselves on the plea of necessity , and tear with remorseless hand from the famished operative , his hard-earned pittance . The fellow who is the manager in the mill , once , I understand , was a weaver , and consequently poor ; by little and little he rose to his present situation , and now he struts with airs more ridiculous and disgustiag than the most pompous aristocrat in the land , and the tyranny he evinces makes the situation of every workman under him precarious aud miserable in the extreme .
One hardship of moBt frequent occurrence is for the poor weaver to have a cut thrown upon hia bands , and made to pay any price which the millowner thinks proper to charge . "Take that cut and pick it , " says the arbitrary wretch to a poor girl tke other day ; ehe took it and picked it accordingly ; on returning it , " New take it home , '' says he , with all the decision of a military commander . " I can do nothing with it , " meekly uttered the girl . " What 1 yon impudent hussy , tell me you won ' t take it / ' flinging the cut at the same
time upon the floor in a rage at her feet , then pushing her by the shoulders towards the stairs , down which she soriowingly went , when be again took up the cut , aud fluug it utter her to the bottom , himself following and thrusting her at once out of the mill , refusing even to allow her to fetch from her loom some little articles belonging to her . At the week end she had four shillings and three pence to draw , out of which ene shilling was abated , besides two shillings and tenpence more work in the looms , out of which , on the following Saturday tenpence more was taken .
Such , sir , is the tyranny practised—such the abominable system of robbery ; and yet every man is afraid of being heard complaining ; as well they may , for the bread of themselves and families can be at any time wholly taken away . But can such tyranny hold ? Impossible t A fearful retribution is at hand . Galled , maddened to desperation , one horrid rash will shortly be made . Talk of destroying Chartism 1 and by that means putting down discontent ! Remove the cause and the effect will cease—but here is an attempt to remove tha
effect in order to destroy the cause . Little do the authorities know of the dangerous position they held ; a mine is beneath their feet—the train is laid and the spark ready to be applied . The present movement will have taught the mass a lesson , and from it they will know how to proceed in future , and no persuasion or entreaty will dissuade them therefrom . By giving insertion to the above , Yon will oblige , RlCHABD MARSDSN . Preston , Sept . 5 , 1842 .
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Manchester and Leeds Mail—A gig mail began to run from Manchester to Leeds the first time on Sunday , the 4 th instant . It leaves Manchester and Leeds each evening at eevea o ' clock , and will perform the journey in six hours . The bags have hitherto beea taken by railway ; but , on account * of the extraordinary expense ( arising from the untimely hours at wiiioh the trains were required 10 run , and which prevented them from obtaining passengers ) , the Government have adopted these means , which will be a saving to the revenue of batween one and two thousand a year . —Manchester Guardian .
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Mr . William Ellis , of Brighton , had a son recently registered by the name of Edward Feargus O'Connor . : Baptised by the Rev , J . Scholefield , in his chapel , Every-street , Manchester , on Sunday , the 27 th of August , the infant sou of Richard and Ann Wood , by the name of Ralph Frost O'Connor Wood . Baptised on Sunday , the 14 th inst ,, at the parish church , Carrickfergus , by the Rev . J . Cheaa , Dean of Conner , the son of John and Mary Ann Bi'Kianey , by the name of Arthur O'Connor Feargus . We are requested to enrol in our list , the same of Feargus O'Connor , son of John Cavanagh . of Fewtown , Mount Kennedy , Ireland .
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On Sunday , at Woodhouse Churoh , Mr . William Hamilton , ladies' skoe maker , to Mibb Fanny Wrigley , both of this town . DEATHS . On Tuesday , the 6 th inst ., aged 87 years , Mr . Robert Pickering , draper , &c M New Maiton , a member of the Society of Friends . . On Sunday evening last , after a short illness , aged 37 , Mr . James Hodgson , grocer , Otley . On Saturday , the 3 rd inst ., at Bedale , aged 45 , Sarab , wife of Mr , Thomas Hewson . a * l < U « ,
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^ .- - - - THE NORTHERN STAR . ' K
Ffilove Fj^Ouus ^Atviotsi*
ffilove fj ^ ouus ^ atviotsi *
Marriage .
MARRIAGE .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 10, 1842, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct770/page/5/
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