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TO THB 1 rfu*EBS OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ^ ASSOCIATION.
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TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAB.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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¦ pu rcnB , —A * all time it ba . s been my ^ dstsnd before you in my real character ; Wrw J » jnd « e ofits Talne and of mj conas-** In feet ftere ^ P 618011 f or whom J ^^ * S thorough contempt than for the man who * f ^ L a at" * cha ™ * * - ^ ^ opening of the question of ibe Execufava in eefs Star , wi&on * * ? apparent groxmd , ** Tv ^ hoped and the people had ihonght that 1 difierences werehealed , has placed me in a -V ^ tu&iion . On Monday I am fonndin comnim
with wamea . ueacn , uuu <»"" 'fiaBK him , as I think his services deserve ; and * Xljdaj he is represented in the Northern Star 0 ^ riih whom ne honest man would be associated *^ cfioal capacity . I imagine thai the 11 « . { chairman presiding otbt a meeting of jS ^ e an official capacity , and I eongra-SSTSie meetingnpon his appointment ; there-^ ^ to 1 associated with James Leach ; and as I at aD times , to be consistent it now becomes my Wtofcy before yoa the part that 1 hare taken rL disputes relative to the Balance Sheet of the ^ rtcafire , and the mode resorted to by 2 Hr . H > "H , in zfTtxB&t&J of Editor of the Northern Star , in w , « ne thor conduct before the Chartist body . 11 i
JB ** " * . _ e -. jixc *_ ~ c ~—\ iris always aware of the difficnlty of my oiBifioa . To interfere capriciously with the Editor ^\ , -fejg 2 ) een an act of despotism ; and to allow ^ conflict to proceed , when , as the Proprietor of v * T » peri * "Mt sat ^ e ^ W ^ ^ Position —m ^ ly the Editor , wonld hare been weakness ^ p&S&Ufm . ¥ ba pob ' Rc notice was first directed to the jj ^ BS &eetj I thonghi that it was done in » be-^ jjjpl uanner ; bnt when the intemperance of the
gggjgarj forced the Editor from his impregnable -action of senfciel and indnced him to assume ihe jart of accuser , tken I was of opinion , and remain « thiths abandoned hi 3 strong hold . I ^ wthe jeeesssij of a dose adherence to all the rules of our ( Wiaiiirion ; I ss * * he &t * l consequences of any iUgraat nd » ton of those rules ; I read the whole fbage against the Executive , and also the cirenm jjjuriil evidence from many parts of the country iy which a charge of neglect was sustained ; and & 8 D £ b scrupulous , I trust , as any man , I never late seen in their conduct that amount of guilt .
uiti jriichit has been characterised-Je h » Te passed over the neglect would haTe been aa iqnsncc , not only to the Char&t body bnt to -flu Executive themselves ; while to have magnified { hsr errors -would be to deal ODjustly with them . lTraB * nxipns for ihe correction of the wrong ; and ferritre desirous that the deviation from the prejB 3 bedmle 3 should hare been laid before ihe country s > &ii the opinion of the Chartist body might be i&ij tested npon the question : and it was because I foresaw , in the manner and language in wMch & charts was made , the probable frustration of ^ aiiearallenVject , that I the more regretted it .
Jasj pereons hare supposed that I was not only tftjnwit pf , but favourable to , the course pursaed by jhs J&Btor « f the Star ; and , had the contention eased , I should haTe preferred labouring under this isplied censure , tore-opening the breach . The time fas now come , however , when I must justify ETseb "; and wish thai intention I beg leave to state . li the outset , thai so far from being a consenting jany to the CDEtroTeiFT I was most unequivocally eppoad to ii ; is proof whereof I feel myself isandtolaylisfore yon the following correspondenca slich passed between Mr . Eill and me .
las arss notice of the matter which appeared njmgnant to my feelinge , I resd in the Sto-preceding it . BaneoEibe ' 5 Tisii to Manchester ; and immeciit ^ j upon pernang irl sat down and commnnieated my dissatisfaction of the course pursued by Mr . Bill j and thai is the first letter referred to by ion in hi 3 reply . The second letter had reference to the article in which hard names were used towards fee ExecBiire , and also to an article upon the
"" Extraordinary DDcnffie 2 t , ° or the Address , supposed iohaTe been Issued during the recentstrike . 1 nerei tep copies of my letters , as I never anticipate the ; 18 SESl « r _ 5 § S ? them for the purpose of instifvine BJSttV aoyiTBTD ^ pJ lS nri .- I , . i i - . -. Tffl see ample gnotabons from -Ehese letters to hi jra te the conclusion thai , from the firsi , I was ejpeedioibe course pursued by Mr . Hill , or rather b&izio&eej making his charges .
35 u Mowing is Mr . Hill ' s reply to my two isfesnpmiMs subject j andas the date is important , 31 * 1 jonrattention ton : — I * e&s , Saturday evening , Dec , 20 th , 18 * 2 . l&r 5 Xii Sra , —I Derer do anything hasffly if I an hfip it , beesase I ^ neiaily find toingB caBffly fitae to be 21 cone . I have therefore taken time to » Bp w the fee&Bp of Buiprise and astonishment "with * &b I lead jonr last letter to subside , before I at osrsn to answer it . 3 tfaD now try to answer 30 much of it as I can ° « a » tand folly ; or at least as Inlly as may be neees-» y lor on c " ttly imdeistanding « ach other . Eat Iaayomft noanng in replying to it , I ahaD ate ocDpsagraph as 1 rO oa
Ton btpa &xa : — " 1 did think that five years inti-Ea ^ . notto ipeak ef friendship , shonld have insured J ^ bsiter jecepSon fo r my ofeservationa . I never ton used ae laBgnage of dictatien nor often of re J ^ sanee . 1 diould not now - » iite if I were able m goto Leeds . Bat I did all in my power to start ejj mmimg , bnt tfss obliged , -whilfi dreEnng , to send &UBJ 3 > oct < ar aasan instead of a carriage . For now saojji II 12 TB been very 21—dangerously so , other-« ae I BaoBldiaTe sooner interfered . " la the
fest place , 1 do feel assured th&t you -win beiOTS me then I ray that the news of your illness fin * ge ^ a regret ; and I have the sincerest hope that hj aainBBit may be alleviated . The first part of the ^^ g I am -Btterly umble to understand , as 1 "o ut fed out to Trhat observations- you refer . If J ^ jae&n the observations contained in your pTe tTiir 5 J mast IaBiDd 7 ^ that I-did not receive *« imer , 207 in feet did you write it , until after S ^ f ? 02 Of ae arHdea Kferred to , and com j ™"** m this . In proof of this , I need but refer J « Jto * be foUoiring csbarts from it :- " As to the «® Bpon the ecpejiditure of the ExecnKve I tihink ZLf *?* "was-fesr , * t - ** The article upon the Exe-^* t flonnnmt I do not exactly comprehend . ' It ^ wa , therefcHB . have been 3 = 5 observation !! in this to
«* ar irMch yon etpected that I should defer , in ¦ ffa ? ae arbdes npon which yonr present letter S ^ JIL *™" - 1 have never had r&om you any ^ Jteemfiozis leaOag at an upon the matters at ^ 1 am , thtrefore , compelled to tldnk that you » patten this nnder Borne misconception arisir . e ^ JB afiatawl recollfcction of facts ; as I do trust * ita ^? yeas 7 m *** inoim me hzs s ™ en y ° n ^^ a to suppose that any observations from yon SdW ^ rl * di £ res PectfcUy received by me . I ^ Hiat the asraiance migfet not be necessary ; gV «« be necesry , I must beg to assure yon that S m 3 a " ^ n ? from -srhom I would receive ofe'" "onJuyiTi airr imWai ^ ««„„ , „• ^ j _! iv ii t _ i . ^
_ te ^ a vith more Tsspsctfnl deference and more ^^ a « aUon than from you . And I regret much ^^^ jM ^ boiaa thini-as yon . eea to do-that I « Et iJ-T-r ^ ttED ^> n to year observations when mru ^ v letter tbMS » iw » defivered personally . ^ S ^ ^ jabeen , as I doubt not I always fcia , k ^ fl ? - Tect " ^ 2 " r observaSions , sugges-^^ aavjee -with most lespectfol and attentive '^ assaaU «? ailra 5 ' « ideavocred in -srnatever conrenfia " ^ Z *^ the moTtment , so to act as to ^ fioa ,- JSf ^^ J ^ e" tracaHed for . As to •» dictaj nesj ^^ soon enon ^ h to talk cf that when it is j ^^ orconplsiaea ot Ton say that you have jjoj ^ jJ ^^ I hope yo u never wiiL I know of ' aj aainM ^ ? > Ddnrt or character that shouldinduce T ^ Tr 5 ' lroalabs arit"IW ffl 70 Tff kKwto say : — Esa ^^« 70 U ^ jHae ^ t t ^ && hope ^ e fsTjasjjjjj ^^ ECB never would bensed , as I was not 1 tta « e ^ , - manner in -which it was going on . ^^ nato ^ to ol 0 «* to in it ; but I am not to i
. lwfeT ^ r ^ ^^ ™ end . " ^ 7 catw ? mber tbat fa JnJy !»»* . "when I in-~*« Si Jo 1 ^ lad recomrnended to the Hull coun ^ * % Sj ? iir 3 ^ * ° Ca ^ Pbell , instead « f * o » of tenTS ! Public , yen expressed yomself in ^ J&tt ai »! ' ? aB < ia ? prebation - I perfectly remen-¦ f * " ^ Tk * " ^ pkrasng you in ihe same month of " ^^ SfirtLliwv Coo P el > that ths Iiaicesterahire ^ Sb Ii ^ w ^ T ^ * lite course , you again expressed rl 4 * TWT ? L * t ^ B * t 1 " * t ^ ey Trbnld acfc on my ^ iaSB *^ 5 * 6310 IecoB 6 eaoo of y 001 " ^^ ffll * aiB * £ !( && t anfeTO nttble ooinion of theman-^ tar ^ j Z ^^^ Poadenee was going on . Indeed , « fej to t ^^ . e dcme «> to me ; because the two ¦* "D eonE ^ nf Iectt ! Te h&i **** * ° \ h sent by the ^ « i ay . sn ^ , ^ 110118 to ny communicaang with ** 2 tiia ^ i ; ' rres P ^ nce-was uot' « going * » ceaee ^ for tjat Urns ,- and we -srail 6 d tiU
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the appearance of another balance sheet to note its effect . However , I am to conclade that you are right ; and that my recollections are as wrong as they are strong and clear . It may be matter of regret to the Hull councillors that they should not have your approbation of their proceedings ; but I have yet to learn that that fact should render their proceedings nugatory , and deprive them of their right to act on their own judgment If this paragraph mean that the Huil councillors ought not to use their correspondence , beeauseyon are not favourable to it , I fear your enemies ¦ would deem this a very close approximation to that " language of dictation" which yon affirm that you never used ; if it do not mean this , I confess that I am unable to discover any meaning in it
Ton say that you are not to me or any one " a false friend . * ' God forbid that you should ; J , at least , have suffered enongh from falsa Mends without finding one in you . You go on in your letter to say : — " The moment seized for denouncing M'Donall , was he even a robber , -was most unfortunate ; while the terms used in branding the acts of the Execntive blamable , though not venal , were highly offensive , and pre-eminently calculated to lessen the feeling of proper regrei-which a calm exposure -would have ensnred- "
Never-were words hi ore adroitly and rightly used than yonrs in speating of those acts . They were , indeed , 11 blamedble though wot vejjat . " K > ey were " mortal " sins against the very life and principle of democracy . Not the resnlt of a hasty and thoughtless indiscretion , bnt committed deliberaietg after repeated caution ; cloaked over &t first wiih as much low cunning as could have been exhibited by an Old Bailey pick-pocket , &cd afterwards , "when stripped of the disguise , brazened out with an impudence but seldom met with , even in that fraternity . It is not very easy in " branding acts" like these to find terms in -which to do it which shall be other than offensive lo the perpetrators ; and I trust that no person , save , perbapB , yourself , honestly cisposed to view the snbject on its merits will think the terms 1 have used in this matter to be at all stronger than the case reouired .
T € U proceed * : —" The mention of the document and the mode of mixing M'Xtouall ' s name as part in it was nnfrienflly . " . This , as applied to my remarks on the balance sheet , I cannot understand ; for the plain reason , that in none of those have I said a single word about " the document" I am not in tbB habit of thus jumbling things : nobody ever does who has not some sinister end to serve . Ton go on : —*• And good © od ! just now , while all are under prosecution , to have lighted such & torch among ns . 1 " Ton forget . Sir , that it was koi I , BUT totjb own psts , the Executive , who lighted the torch . I did all I could to prevent its being lighted . Bat to sit calmly and Bee the people robbed and laughed aX without speaking did not comport with my disposition . I envy no man -who could .
Ton say " plunderers , robbers , transportation , and so ior th , are scarcely the fit terms to apply to men upon the first announcement of their fault " If the fault be * ' plunder and robbery , " as in thia . csBe ft ifl , I know not -why these should not be the £ ttest terms of alL Bnt without arguing that point "with yo ^ ^ beg to remind you that it was not in " the firsf urm uancement of their fault that those terms "were used . li ^ Bit " fault" had been announced to them by at least thi * ee different and separate parties , before the Sl * r said a sirgle word . The Hull Councillors , the Leicestershire * delegates , and the Metropolitan delegates had seve . ^ lly announced thb fault ; and it was not at all
in * ' announcin t ' ^ fwlt" , bnt in exposing the impudent br £ vning out" of Campbell , that they " expected the t "onntry to T » delighted" -with the robbery , that 1 adi ^ ced the parallel case to Bhow how very " delightful" i . > might have been under other circumstances I fihoui 'd not have been surprised to find Campbell or M'Doua u Pacing this in the light in ¦ which you have places ' *'« II " 7 natural for them to seek to -wriggle out c * " mess" D * « " 80 rts ot misrepresentations and q . Taking falsehoods ; but I have no risbt to expect you to misrepresent what 2 Bay for the purpose of censnring it . TrDm V ° u > at ^ events , I have right to expect juBtics ; J ask n 0 moTe from "J
I man . I And then again you say : — - * - ^^ then allusion I to leach ' s and Campbell ' s shoj * ™ ^ & » & » .-! Now , this is a gross pervendo . ^ » and one lhat from you I iad no right to look for . li assumes that I sp ^ ke nf their shops per at . IdM-nasm ~ b . thing . If you had taken the tronble to read the articli ^ "****** of taking Mi . Campbell ' s version of it , you - * yosli haTe known that Campbell 5 ras _^« npl « iuns _ ihat _^ ^—j" ? fnnda -W" -pBy-tnB-w 8 gBs " erTiiniBfclf , ^^ Leat ** * " ' Ilalv " *'" I showed that the Or ^ anlEation gives U ^ Bo ti ^ Ie ^ ° ¦ wa ^ es-whe n not siUiog . They are not si . 1 *» 8 I > ow ; and I aid ^ sk -why we should pay them -w ^ . ^ TiOW when Iieachand Campbell are minding their ahi ^¦« t ° d Bair * stow is getting -wa § ss as a lecturer ? la * ** - ' never hinted that Leach had no right to kt * P a sb . ° P thengh I do maintain that the Secretary hs * ao ^ S 01 to do anyttiing , bnt give his whole time to t ^ -duties of Mb office .
Ton " fear that much private pique will be st * « own to the account where remonstrance alone shonl- ^ * stood . " There can be no tioubt that the fellows will la ^ hard enongh to make it seem aa if my honest tva * * r fulness for the people's cause and purse was the res . ^ of some petty personal feeling . That is their gam But . though they seem to have played it successful !} upon yon , I dont th ™\ they will succeed with tbe people . And ¦ wbethBr they do or not is all the same thing to me . I seek to serve the people , not to please them . r I ' ;
Tour next paragraph is a strange one . It runs thus : — " I have no doubt that the country would have taken a calm remonstrance kindly , while they will , and I think jnstly , look with disgust and suspicion upon many of the charges and terms ; especially any reference to the Execntive Document / which was lugged in , head and heels , without any ostensible
cause . 2 fow , from you , this is most incomprehensibleindeed it is "too bad . " I once more repeat what , if you have read them , you must know—that in no arlide which J have written vpon the Balance Sheet business , or vpon ihe £ s £ aaive at all , have J said one word about that document . There was a distinct article upon the " document" separate from any consideration , of " Executive" matters at ail , headed " The last Shift , " and" you seem somehow to have jumbled them To that article yop refer in yonr previons letter , and you say : — " The article upon tbe Executive Document I do not exactly comprehend either the meaning or tbe utility of , " Now let me try if 1 can help you to comprehend both'its meaning and its utility . In the Slatesman of November 5 th , Mr . J . B . O'Brien published tee statement , which 1 send you here inclosed .
" Talk of spies indeed : of informers too ; Way , spies and informers are gentlemen , in comparison with those black-hearted , peifldieus demagogues , who can look on cold-bloodedly while conspiracies are being formed to involve innocent people in ruin , and who , far the sake of the after-conseqnences to themselves , can coolly see those conspiracies explode , and scatter ruin and disgrace all around , while , with a single breath , they might have blown the con » piraeifcs to atoms , and thus saved all , without as much as naming or tonehing a hair of the head of any of the conspirators themselves . Look at the case of Griffin , too What occupation wonld there have been for that fellew , had there not been a perfidious demagogue base enongh to draw up a boastful , lying , document with hia own
hand , in which he deliberately tells the conntTy tbat -everythiBg -was ready , and that , in eight days , the turnouts might calculate on tbe movement being universal ? Now , this wicked demagogue knew well he was uttering falsehoods ; for he not only took good care net to father his own of&pring , for he actually disowned and spit npon it ; and while in the document of his own drswing Ibut the responsibility of which he took care to throw npon others ) ce undisguisedly invited a general rising of his * ' Imperial" dupes , he had afterwards the unparalleled baseness to damn his own work in his own newspaper , and to treat as madmen and fools tho « e who might act npon his advice : thua not only making a langhing-stock 5 f the people , bnt , after bringing them into danger , basely deserting them , and denouncing his
own acts and advice , in order to secure his own cowardly carcase from the constquences . Talk of Griffin , indeed ! God forbid we . should be Griffin ' s apologist The fellow ' s conduct has been bad as bad could be of the kind : but , nevertheless , it is innocence itself , in comparison with that of the cold-blooded monster who , while he was telling us in his newspaper , that the strike could not succeed , and that it would only do damage to the cause , nevertheless , did secretly draw up a public anonymous address , in which he gave the Chartist public every assurance ot success , telling them that the -whole machinery -was perfect , and that in eight days the
turnouts woald have it all tbeir own way . Bis dirty tools and fanatic followers may try to gloss over this conduct as they best can , but to mea cf plain sense and virtuous feeling it admit ! of bat one construction . They will see in it only the conduct of a keartless villain , who cared nothing for the dangers in which heinvolved others through Ms lying address . 'While hB took precious good care of himself , by disaTowing his own acts and his own policy , in his own newspaper . To that which brought danger on others he took care not to appeEd Mb name To what ¦ ros intended to provide for his own safety ' he took good csre to append 4 Feargcs O'Connor in fnlL "
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readers of the Star will conclude , that , at least , Mr . Hill is no tool of mine . There is also a letter from Mr . Wathins in last week ' s Star , against the whole import of which 1 most unequivocally enter my protest , as well as to its publication . The whole is written upon an assumption ; and from that assumption a conclusion is come to . The assumption is that the Executive are guilty ; whereas , I deny that any verdict of guilt has been pronounced against them . It is true , that the Secretary , 'by withholding the means of jadging , has furnished " prima faaie" evidence of guilt against himself ; but I must protest against the " sequitur , " that , therefore , tho whole body is guilty .
Mr . Watkins writes in a very fascinating and impressive style ; but he has not succeeded in convincing me . He draws a parallel between the acts of our oppressors and those of the Executive ; and cites the payment of teu shilliugs a week to M'Dotaall as proof of his guilt ; nay , calls him a " swindler . " Here again I protest against any such term being used to M'Douall . Nay , I will not allow that man to be called by any debasing name . Here my blood gets warm , and the more so , because it has been lone pent up . What , however , is the difference 1
Just this . The acts committed by our oppressors we wonld uot assent to , had our assent being asked ; while some of M'Douall's accusers say , " had he made known his wants , the country would have cheerfully acquiesced in the augmentation of his salary . " Would we acquiesce if consulted in tho acts of our oppressors ? No ; certainly not . What then is the difference 1 Just this , that M'Douall , without asking , has committed an error , which , had he asked liberty to commit , would have been cheerfully granted ; while our oppressors commit sins to whioh we could not be reconciled .
Why appoint a committee of five to examine the books of the Executive , if they have been already condemned ? and is it not a maxim of English law , that " all men shall be held innocent until they are convicted V Good God , how can I marvel at the slight evidence upon which a middle class jury would find me guilty if I am to be no more charitable to men , some of whose characters , are , in my opinion , beyond reproach , however some of their acts may be highly censurable .
Mr . Watkins says that the Executive have injured our cause , instead of advancing it . I deny it . I assert that James Leach , Dr . M'Douall , and Bairstow , have materially served the cause . I assert that we had no Organization before the appointment of an Executive ; I contend for it that we have now an Organization . However , I will rather roly upon innocence than presume guilt , when the whole of life speaks in favour of the accused , What , then , has been the character of James Leach ? Hard working , sober , industrious , and poor . He has , to my knowledge , returned money gratuitously given to him , in more than forty instances . What ! then , are we to suppose that this man prefers gain acquired by plunder to that volunartly given ! Is he suoh an
adept in trick and chicane that he would wish to grow rich by fraud , while he rejeota the proferred bounty ? It is nonBense , rank nonsense . Then Dr . M'Douall ; is he to be branded with cowardice by Mr . Watkins , because he had the manliness to brave torture and separation from his family , rather than entail misery upon working men , who went bail for him 1 On my soul , I do uot understand this refined lo ^ io ; nor do I see how those behind were to be bettered by M'Douall's swelling tbe number of victims . I have always said that the difference between Whigs , Tories , and Chartists ia this ; thatthe two former magnify the virtues and throwa veil : over the vices of their party ; while the latter , in"general , magnify the vices and throw a veil over file T ? irtuas of their friends . * "" ' -
I was of opinion , from the first to the last , that a calm judgment could not be expected upon the question , until the sober mind was again brought back to the question at issue . The question then is this —The Execntive were elected to see the Organizal tion of the Chartist body carried out under certain rules . They are charged with having violated those rules ; and are charged in such a way as furnishes them with an excuse for not replying to the charge i n that form . The evidence is in the hands of the Secretary ; he refuses to give Hp that evidence until he is paid certain monies , which , he says , are due to
him . A verdict we must have ; and therefore it is the duty of the Executive to force the Secretary to give up tho books : and in order to facilitate this desirable object , I propose that the Secretary should hand the books over to Mr . Cleave , with an undertaking from him ( Mr . Cleave ) that in the event of a verdict being given in favour of the Executive , the Secretary shall receive the monies claimed . Should the Secretary refuse suoh a proposal then , there will be fair grounds for presuming guilt ; and then the county will not be slow in giving a fair and impartial verdict .
Mr . Wheeler , in his very judicious letter , declining to act as a juror , merely states himself to be an accuser , not an executioner . I also am an accuser . I accuse the Secretary of mal-praotices . I wish to see how far the other members are concerned in those mal-prnctices ; but I am not going to give my verdict without a fair and impartial trial : neither have I , from the evidence already adduced , seen any , the slightest , reason to decline the acquaintance of M'Douall , Leach , or Bairstow , or to make me ashamed to meet them as friends and associates , or to deter me from acting with them in an official capacity .
I have had a friendly explanation with Mr . Hill upon this subject . I told him that his comment of last week would compel me to take this course , and , at the same time , we came to a mutual understanding that not one word , more pro or cori , should apjjear in the columns of the Star upon the subject , until tbe decision of some accredited body shall be reported upon the case . While I was supposed to be an idle spectator of passing events ^ no one wa 3 more alive to the question than I was ; and , in justice to Mr . Hill , I must say , that while much dissatisfaction was / expressed at the nonappearance of resolutions , Baid to kave been sent for insertion to the Star , in thia oaae he is not
biameable . One instance , particularly , I deem it right to mention . The toast of the Executive , proposed and supported by me at the Duncombe Demonstration at Manchester , never appeared in the Star ; and for the best of ail possible reasons , BECAUSE IT NEVER VfAS SENT . The whole KpOlt , without deduction or alteration , was printed as it was sent . Now , this 1 I assert , after having made the fullest inquiry ; and , in fact , Mr . Hill never saw the report , until it was in print ; as that is no part of his duty . Tnere are two other persons under Mr . Hill to arrange all matters for publication ; and correspondence from our own reporters goes , generally , at once to the compositor , sritltout his inspection .
I have cow said all that I have to say npon this sinful subject ; and shall conclude my letter , by xpressing an anxious desire that the public will uspeiid its judgment till after a fair and impartial lquiry ; and then , if the Executive , or any of bem , have been in error , let them be toW ; jn Euch language as will convey a proper aution for the future . But , for Heaven ' s ike , let us not condemn , them first and try
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them afterwards . For myself , I say I would trust M'Douall , Leach , and Bairstow , with untold gold ; and would risk my life upon their devotion to the peoples * cause ; and thank God , I < see Le 3 ch overcoming accusation by increased exertion instead of making it a pretext , as many have done , to abandon the cause altogether . I have now " made a clean breast f and I trust I have oonvinced the world that I am not hypocrite enough to meet James Leach on the public platform on Monday , and wink at , or countenance , censure upon him on Saturday . God knows poor M'Douall has suffered enough , without those who should be his defenders increasing his sorrows ; and I am sorry to learn that throughout the country , too many such are to be met with , but I neveb will be one
OF THRU . I am , my friends , Your faithful friend . , Fbahgus O'CoNNon
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TO THE WORKING CLASSES . My Friends , —By the subjoined announcement which appeared in the Evening Star of Monday , you will learn that I have ceased to have any connection with that paper . Much and deeply as I regret the loss of the only daily paper that has ever , within my memory , advocated the cause of thej people , tho fact of that paper abandoning the principles upon whioh its famo was founded , cannot fail of pointing your attention to the useful moral—that faction works its way through the press , whilejyou appear to attack but slight importance to it . Further , it may furnish my friends with a ready reply to my denouncers , as they can notv say , here then are we once more thrown back upon our old and only friend .
the mach oalumniated Northern Star , stiu t notwithstanding the heavy fines and persecutions to which its proprietor has been subjected , standing alone in itn glory to uphold the cause of right against might . Your favour has been courted , and yoii have been deceived , not by one or two , but by scores of journals . The Statesman , " a real Chartist" paper , passod into Tory hands , and sections of manworshipoers would have still upheld it . The Evening Star has been cutoff ; but , like other newspaper stock , I have not gone with the type . I trust ! that if we failed in our poor endeavour to push that paper , that we shall not tail in our allegianoe to our ] principles ; atid that instead of seeing the long liat of Coffee Houses where it might , while Chardst ^ have been
read , that now no Chartist will read it . W ^ hile I write thus , my friends , 1 feel no piqus personally . I never have had one word of dispute with any of the parties connected with the paper ; and after six months due attention to it , the proprietor must confess that my gratuitous obligations ! were mot-t cheerfully discharged ; and that , in the outset , I pledged myself to him that so long as the Evening Star advocated Chartism , I would continue my unpaid services , and that in the event ot the concern becoming profitable , I would not even then accept of a farthing for nay services , as I never would receive money for the discharge of a pleasing duty ,
The proprietor informs me that a loss of £ 3 , 500 has been sustained by the Evening Star in Us advocacy of Chartist principles . I can only say that the Northern Star sustained a loss of £ 3 , 64 ' * before I knew where I was ; andthatthbn , andsuasequently , enticing offers were made to me to sell it , bur . my answer was then , as it ia now , wnenever the Northern Star ceases to advocate the cause of pure democracy , it shall cease to exist . If to-morrow it was om of my power longer to carry on the Northern Star , which , thank God , it is not , it sb < uld perish ; jbufc all the money in the kingdom would not purchase it from me for any purpose .
I mention this jatt now aa I am aware that our disappointment must considerably shake public confidence in the press . I had arranged with the proprietor , before I left town , that in addition to my daily services , I would attend the House of Commons nightly , and wrice the Parliamentary analysis , to save money . Thus I was to have been tho principal reporter by j ni ^ , and the Editor by day , without pay , aud paying my own expeuces . ' Mr . Cleave has told me , Mr . Hobaon has told me , and ueaily all my agents havo told me , that I was injuring the sale of the Northern Star btynud
conception by writing , and recommending the Evening Slav . My answer to one and all basinvariably been" Well , I kuow it ; but what do I care iff I am serving the cause . " I have sent many articles of < ireac importance and matters of news , to the Evening Star whioh I have withheld from the Northern Star , in the hope of giving it a good standing . ¦ Such , my friends , has been my connexion , which has now ceased , with the Evening Star . Henceforth , I understand , that it is to be conducted upon high Tory priuciplcs , and you will mark the increase of advertisements . ¦
These facts will awaken you to a knowledge of what I have bad to struggle against , and convince you of the faot thai my crime , from , first to last , my only crime , has been that I would neither prostitute nor sell the Northern Star . At this Darticular crisis the loss to us has been great ; and I flattered myself that I could have made the Evening Star a really powerful organ , and he . nce its p urchase from my management . Therefore , whilu I regret iit , ic proves that faction trembles at tlia very thought of an honest press . i Now , my friends , the usual Sessional ( struggle is about to begin , and never was there such a struggle before £ all parties will bid tor the people to use them for their own purpose .
And now , as there are many , very many , waiters upon Providence connected wuh our party , and wbo look to a mixed agitation as the only means of sub sistenco ; and , aa we are too poor 10 pay them , 1 bhall be extensively and systematically ] denounced lor standing between them and the gold [ dust . Bat I will do it , aud bear all the consequences . My policy is to keep our party together , as an army or observation \ to let all other parties fight it out without any assistance from us ; and then , when the Whigs and Repealers s < ee their own weakness , thoy wiil assuredly fail back upon us . But if we were mad enough co give them the least countenance , they would use us for another Reform deltisien , and then , wheu we were broken up , they wouid of
assemble to carry out the detail ^ the new Reform , or Free Tra / ie , wh'oh ' would be in oharaoter and value precisely as valueless as all forn er changes made by the olass U-gislators . I shall take a bold stand aa I ever have done , trusting to the triumph of Toryism over Whi ^ gery and Freetrade . As a Chartist irecruiung-seiReanti I will not oppose Toryism with thoyriew of restoring Whiggery . No policy could 1 > 9 worse . You have now no more to do with policy than you have to do with the moon . Machinery , will beat both Whigs and Tories . I deiy them to conquer that all-devouring foe , by any sot short of the Charter , which would develope all our resources , cultivate our ' resources , and equitably distribute the produoe , thereby
regulating demand aud s-uppiy , by opening a natural market for nian ' t ) labour and establishing therein a standard rate of wages , btiow whioh the labourers will not work in the artificial market . In the eud , you will behevemejithat , until that ie done exchequers , tills , pockets , treasuries , and bellies will be empty ; and strife and ] civil war , and confusion and distrust , wiil only be suppressed by force or fraud—by the force of Government , or by the fraud of those who have an intereatjin upholding injustice . But such means of preserving order in a country are unrighteous aa they are unjust , and will fail when the sufferers constitute a ; majority , which is now being brought about by the operation Of MACHINERY . ' .
Toryism is no longer your main enHny , Whiggory is no Jonger your main enemy . Machinery has rendered all their acts comparatively powerless ; aud all that Machinery now requirea to complete its temporary iriumph , and to insure a revolution , is an M extension" of its already unbounded power by the ettiblishment of what is called Free-trade , which means neither more nor Itss than free plunder . While I am upon sabjec ' s connected with « urown movement , I may here make a pas ^ icgf comment upon the state of our Organization and the proposed remedies for its reconstruction . I shall only speak in general terms . I am , then , decidedly in favour of an Executive ; 1 think we cannot do without it . I am obstinately opposed to
an unpaid Exeoutive , and for this reason . If you have an unpaid Executive , you must have a purely middle class Excutive ; because you cannot get working men to live without wages , and the very moment you elect working men as yonr officers , that moment every door is closed against them , and at once they are marked , and if in work are dismissed . Moreover , fthe very notion implies the office is to be a sinecure , or that we are to be unpaid . If a sinecure , we do not require them ; if not , the labourer is worthy of hie hire , and should have it . My opinion is , that the lice upon the back of Chartism have become too numerous and devouring ; and hence much jealousy among them j towards a permanently paid body , while twenty times the sum requisite to pay all tlie expenses
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year , one- part snatched up by Political Pedlars , most of whick could have been spared . Besides , nothing caa possibly damage bur cause more than frtquent announcements that Mr . So-and-so will be here and there upon sneh . and snch a day , without further notice , and whose expences must be paid , while his services are rendered unprofitable from a want of any knowledge of his honesty or capacity . The lukewarmness is put down to defection , and thus wo suffer materially by this itinerating system of Chartist mendicancy . Let us have our paid Executive , our paid lecturers , and our unpaid volunteers confined to their several localities ; but let us have no more of this system of unconnected and disorganized agitation .
I shall be more at liberty now than I have been for tho last six months , and shall , as usual , devote ray whole time to the reconstruction of oar machinery . As far as J am concerned , my policy , as it ever has been , shall be to keep our party together , to heal all differences , to unite the eon ^ of labour into one firm bond of union , and to care little who I shall offend in the andertakiug , nerer needlessly giving caute of offence , bui not allowing delicacy to stand in the way when necessary . I shall never exercise more controul than I have done over the Editor of the Northern Star ; while I have solemnly sworn to myself that it shall never be made a means of achieving a triumph of one seotion of Chartists over another .
Before I conclude , I must ( state that I received a letter from Dr . M'Douall , sent by Mr . Cleave to me as Editor of the Evening Star , un this morningT at twelve o ' clock , and when I had ceased to have any controul over that paper , otherwise the letter should have appeared ; however , in justice to Dr . M'Douall , I must make a few extracts from it : — He says , in speakiag of the 10 s , a week , " what was my duty if the 10 s . wa 3 objected to ! To resign it . Well , au objection came from Hull . A corespondence between Campbell and tho Hull councillors ; the end of whioh w as , as far as I was concerned , the transmission , by Graiby , the secretary , of a written resolution , purporting to be the deliberate vote of the Hull councillors in which they deolnve
their perfect satisfaction with the payment of 10 a . additional any week to me . That document I hare in my possession ; and I hereby inform Mr . Hill that I accept of his challenge to produce that and the letters I ghowed Mr . O'Connor at Nottingham /' Here I must observe that the letters shown to m ? at Nottingham did not , as far as my memory so . vos me . reflect iu any was on Mr . Hill , but there they are . I referred to them in a letter written at the time from Nottingham , and from them I was confirmed in my opinion that a cabal was being goi up against the Executive , but not by Mr . Hill . The Doctor goes on— " Now Sir , when I received
the Huil note of approval , I informed the General Secretary , that I would notacept of the 10 s . because an objection had been raised , and I wrote to UuJl offering to resign it , and my office on the Executive , it they would send a written demand to that tflVt , which I nevtr , totheb 68 tofniy reoollection ^ eceived . " Again , " on the Conferenceai Manchester , at which place I was advised to resign the 10 s . publicly , with my reasons for receiving it , without any question asked or motion made ; but I was not allowed to express my reasons I was stopped , Sir , with your resolution of confidence in , aud thanks to , the Executive , for our past services . "
In justice to Dr . M ! Di > uall , f ^ ire those extracts , and the more readily , as it unfortunately happened that some of the Hull correspoaence was not forthcoming , in consequence of the proa * cution of the former Secretary . Mr . Grasby . Tne Doctor tells me , and the public , that of which I never had a douh . namely , tbat his heart is , as it ever was , centred - «* he people ' s cause ; and _ I do hope if he , for a m ^ jcat , supposed that I had joined in his denunciation—tbat the developemeat I have made this week will show that my conduct with respect to the Executive has been consistent , and that 1 have uniformly supported them .
I mu # t now say a word about the approaching trials . Upon a rough calculation , I , as treasurer , have received , as acknowledged in the Evening Star , about £ 250— £ 132 from Mr , Cleave , and I know not how much , just now , has been acknowledged through , tho Northern Star , about £ 125 . These sums make £ 507 ; out of which I have paid £ 20 Chester Commission , £ 50 ditto Lancaster , £ 60 ditto Stafford , £ 71 ditto Q , 'ieen ' s Bench ofiice-fees , small sums about £ 30 , outstanding about £ 100 , —making £ 331 ; and leaving a baiance in my bands of about £ 176 , to meet about £ 2 , 000 , to be paid between this and April . I paid £ 7 yesterday for a SPECIAL JURY . I was able to meet all these expences myself before I made so much profit ' of the Northern Star ; but now
I am not . I have paid in law expences , on nay ovra account , in four years , more than £ 2 , 000 ; on your account , more than £ 500 . Yon muBt begin to pay a little on ' your own account now . You will , henceforth , send to me , directed to Hammersmith , all monies for the Defence Fund , by post office order , made payable to John Cleave , so tha . t I may know bow we stand . 1 am Treasurer for the Defence Fund , Cleave of the Victim Fund . Dju ' t mix them up . I shall hand all orders over to Cleave , but let me know how we stand , by transmitting all monies to me in the first instance . Your ' s , ever faithfully , Feaiiqvs O'Connob . Wednesday , 1 st Feb .
P . S . —I must state that my first letter to the Star was written and posted on Tuesday ( yesterday ) and Dr . M'Douali's was not received till twelve o ' clock this day ; therefore , he will at once eee that I , at all events , did not require bis letter to convince me of his purity in the Chartist cause . I cannot sufficiently express my disgust at the letter of Mr . Watkins , which appeared in the Star of last week , and which I trust will not be rect * 'ved as proof against the Executive pending any investigation that is to take place . I only hope and trust that I shall not be further forced into any controversy upon this unpleasant subject . F . O'C .
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Sib ., —You will oblige me by inserting , if possible , the following letter . Yours , respectfully , J . Smyth . Bradford , February 2 d , 1843 .
( COPY . ) " 252 , Strand , January 31 st , 1813 . " Sir—Requested to give my opinion on an article in the Evening Slur of the 17 th of October , I beg to state , that ta that day , and on many days both before ana after , Mr . Feargus O'Connor did not supervise the Etiifcori . il Amciee , and that Mr . O'Connor protested against the tone i ; f several articles , particularly those with respect to tha Corn Laws . " I am with respect , for the Proprietor , " Q . F . Paedox . " Mr . Smyth , Bradford . " THE ASSIZES , Alteration 1 in the Days of Holding the Assizes Received from the Judges' Clerk , by Mr . D xon .
Before Mr . Baron Parke and Mr . Justice Coltman Yohk—Saturday , 4 th March . Liverpool—25 th March . Before Mr . Baron Rolfe . Lancaster—25 th February . AppiiEBr— 8 <; b . March . C ' AiaisLE—11 th March . Newcastle—17 th March . Durham . —25 th March .
MIDLAND CIRCUIT . Before Mr . Baron Alderson and Mr . Baron Gurney iN ' oruj Mopcou—Monday , Feb . 27 . Oak . njin—Friday , March 3 . Lincoln and City—Saturday , March 4 . Nuttiughatjj and Towa —Friday , March 10 . Derby—Wcines'iay , March 15 . Leicester and -Borough— Tuesday , March 21 . Coventry—Monday , March 27 . % Warwick—Tmsday . March 2 i .
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KOillNATloNS OF SHERIFFS FOR 1843 . ( From a Supplement to the Gazette of Tuesday Evening ) Che .-hire—John Dixon , of Asfcle-pajk , Esq . Derbyshire . — William Munday , of MarkheatOQj E . « q . Durham —Edward Shippersden , of Durham , Esq . Kent . — Frederick Perkins , of Chipsted Place . E = q . Leicestershire—Sir Willougby Wooltan Dixie , of Bo worrh-paik , Bart . Lincolnshire— George Hussey P 3 Bke , of Caythorp * Esq . . Nottinghamshire . —Thomas Dillon Hall , of Whatton , E-q . : ; . ¦ ¦ Staffordshire—John Shaw Manly , ' of Manly Hall ,
Suffolk—William Long , of Saxmnndham , Esq . Surrey—Richard Summer , of Puttenham Priory , Ej ^ Q . Warwickshire—Arthur Francis Gregory , of Stivichall , Esq . Yorkshire—Sir Joseph William Copley , of Sprotborough , Bart .
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# The Sun Newspaper . —We have on former occasions had to refer to the exertions of Mr . Murdo Young , the proprieior of tho Sun newspaper , in furnishing , at whatever cost to himself , the very latest intelligence on subjects of general interest . Yesterday ( Friday ) morning we reeervad from him , through Mrs . Mariu , of this town , an express edition of the Sun , containing , about eight columns of parliamentary debates of tho preceding evening , and giving pretty nearly the result of the night ' s debate .
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AND LEEDS GENEBAL APYERTISER .
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YOL- TI- NO . 273 . SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 4 , 1843 . " ^ . ^ S ^^ HST "
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J " M " of a p&ii Executive would a « t amount , in tho ^ j ^ to hundredth of what has been -wsL . ¥ ^ fc ^ - ^ jzujZJ 5 S ^/ " j of a paid Executive would a « t amount , in tho " ^ jj
To Thb 1 Rfu*Ebs Of The National Charter ^ Association.
TO THB 1 rfu * EBS OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ^ ASSOCIATION .
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There is , st all events , no mistaking that ! Its object aud purpose are quite sufficiently plain- It was copied the week after into the Weekly Chronicle , and v * ould , if uot stopped , have " gone the ronnd . " I -wrote that article , " The last Shift , " for no other purpose than to stop it It did stop it It has not been copied into any paper since . And even your way of thanking me for the service does not make me regret having - written it . You remind me that " just now , every spare line should be devoted to the Birmingham Conference . think you must see ( if you read the Star , -which upon my word I begin to doubt if you ever do ) that the Birmingham Conference has uot lacked its share of attention .
You speak of this as " an unpropitious moment for the revival of old or planting tbe Beeds of new centroveray . " Once more I must remind you that these charges do not apply to me ; and I protest against your thus applying them to me . for the purpose of shielding those to -whom alone they do apply . What may be your reason or motive for thus pertinaciously misrepresenting my acts , and then censuring your own misrepresentation , yoa best know ; I canneE divine it In my avowed enemies , I can perceive a reason , and a motive for it ; in you I cannot : so that I have the mortification of smarting under effects which I cannot trace to any cause .
You next say : — "I really am more than at a loss to famish a sufficient reason for the mode of attack , and mean to propose the appointment of a committee while at Birmingham , to investigate the whole affair . " I really am more than tired of reiterating protestations against this cruel and systematic perversion . J have made no attack upon any one . When the Balancesheet was published , all 1 did was to ask the people to read it I did not give an opinion of my own ; I did not even hint an opinion ef my own . Tbe Metropolitan Delegates examined and censured it . Campbell published a letter of explanation . That letter of explanation vtth& & public document , aud it "was my duty to comment upon it I did comment upon it in such terms
as my judgment dictated to be the most appropriate . It may suit the Executive to call this an " attack . " It is their game to divert tbe people ' s minds from the question by making them suppose it to be a qaarrei between them and me ; I expect them to take that position ;' but I have no right to expect it from you , 1 have a right to expect that you , at all events , will withheld your censure until you have made yourself distinctly acquainted with the facts . I don't ask from yon any moru favourable construction of what I say and do than I have a right to ask from any impartial person ; but I demand that you shall not do mt an injustice ; that you shall not misrepresent facts and pervert reasonings , and then censure your own misre presentations and perversions .
Yon -will , of course , do as you please about moving for the Committee at Birmingham . I can tell you , tbat I will never recognisa nor answer to any such committee . That is the very tiaing they want ! To divert attention entirely from their own malpractices , and fix it on ' the brutal attack of Mr . Hill on the Executive . " I shall not permit you thus to plsy their gamo for them ; at all events , I won't help you to do it And , independent of that consideration , the press Bhall never , in my person , be degraded to such a position as yon would thus place it in- The public at large is the true censor of tbe press . What I have written is before the people . They will judge of it ; and I have no fear that the major part of them will judge correctly . I have
never given forth an opinion fer which I have not given the reason on which it was founded . They have it all before them . I have given ample room for explanation and defence . They have both sides before them . I take the verdict of ibe whole people ; not of any individual clique of persons . [ Upon reconsideration , since my letter was -written , I retract this paragraphreserving to myself the right of using my own judgment whether I answer the Committee ( if one be appointed ) personally , or refer them to -what I have writtea In any case , J shall deny tbe right of any such Committee to treat tbe matter as a personal matter of crimination and recrimination between me and the members of the Executive . —Monday morning—W . H . ]
And now , my dear Sir , permit me to retort upon you yoar own -words , " I did think that five years' intimacy —not to speak of friendship—Bhould have secured Borne better reception for my observations . " You ought by this time to know something of my temper , something of my judgment , and something of my honesty ; bow is it tbat , -whenever a time of difficulty like the present comes— -when a storm is to be encountered for tbe interest and safety of the cause—when duties of the most unpleasant and painful character are to be -performed—not only is the guidance and battling ; of the storm entirely left to me , but the work is made harder by throwing into the mesB your own misconceptions , and your heavy privat * censnres , levelled ~ Snnayi ~~ at muie wAmakiu-j ^ A ^ jw % ~~ J ± » bb thna jn the
ease of O'Brien ; -it ia ti «» now again . How is it that your confidence , and yonr affection , and yoar kindly regards teem to be entirely reserved for yoar enemies ; while yonr suspicions and yonr groundless censures are equally reserved for these -whom yon know to be entirely devoted to principle , and to be as thoroughly devoted to you as such men can be . I have thought mach about it I am puzzled with it It is a very curious and painful phenomenon . I mast now bring this lung letter to a cl « se . To no other man that lives wonld I have condescended th «
\ explanations and remonstrances coatainbd in it ; seeing tbat they would be all precluded by a mere reading ] of the facts and arguments to which they refer . I do 1 ' not think that in like circumstances , I shall ever again , ipermit my personal regard for yon so far to overcome j ijcy natural pride of character . I am , dear Sir , Tour ' s , most Biucerely and faithfully , William Hill . % i-w , although I am not very ceremoniously dealt ^ tt ithat letter , I shall not make more comment nw > , \ at than ia necessary for my immediate purpose .
-ty- Htm Mr . Hill says that he did not receive my first U >** tar unti ^ a ^ ter *^ e art ^ c ^ e complained of had appear * . ^^ ^ * ff 7- ' ^ * < * uite r- | sht ; nor could I have wr . ~ &Bn ** npon anticipation that such an article wouid ap , 'lear * * wrote it on the day on which Mr . Duncombe TO 8 at Manchester ; and by reference to the date it \ ^ be fonn d that that was on the M onday after it had ; W > eared > ant * j therefore , that I did not lose much tim e * JX 0 T did J wait for aD ? expression of public opinion * Soim mT own notion
-The next poin i < aa wIlich * would briefly dwell is the correspondet " * " between the Hull Councillors and the Executive . ^ impression respecting that correspondence wai H * &ati 4 was ^ se and judicious ; and as a controver * S > uVon the same subject was going on in Leicest « &iw . I recommended that instead of publishii " « resolutions npon exparte evidence , a similar cm «** shoald be resorted to by the Chartists of Leicestv ^ hi ™ ; convinced that Buch a remonstrance would b . w * < the effect of correcting any error that had been emaaitei . I do not say that it was intended for pn > &cat " " > n ; but had it been so , the Execntive should ha ** ^ warned of it .
It is folly to talk of the v . riue of man . We mnst treat him as a fallible bein , T , &nd . * the time , it j struck me as if some of th ' < s » rrespondence and resolutions passed had not 1 , ^ genuine stamp of virtue upon them . Ibyno mean 8 f afsr to the letters of , the Hull Councillors , which were Biost . judicious ; but I do refer to the long withholdin , ^ «* " ± kem from the , public , if h tended for publica &W- I learued from all that was passing at the tin ; # **»* there was ! a disposition to fall foul of the Ex 'eta&we ; I did j not gather tnis from any partic ^ T st ««« < but from general observation , and I warned t t » Executive ' of it . ) As to Mr . Hill's "honest watcbfulne , » " I never , ' for one moment , doubted it ; but I did doubt , not
only the prudence but the justice of the ci ^ ais eP "" - ; Bued by him in presenting the conduct of 1 ie Exe-1 cutive to the public aud , the more especially * for . this reason ; because , I was anxious that paMio i opinion , fairly expressed , 6 bould operate as a warning , if error bad been committed , and at the Bame time , present a recurrence of ths evil ; and I vrss conscious that calm jndgment wotfld be led from & consideration of the offence charged , to reflection '
upon the language used in preferring the charge . As to the charge in the Statesman relative to the *• ExtraordinaryDoeument , " I though * Ihadanswered that fully myself in my letter to Mr . \ . m . Brooke . With respect to Mr . O'Brien , I was at" all times averse to any controversy being kept up \ vith him ; j but , of course , I did not attempt to sway i € r . Hill's j conduct beyond mere suggestion ; and I do n « . 4 think , that I shrunk from my portion of it , when 2 " was j forced to it . j I have now commented upon some of the passages in 2 dr . Hill's reply , and from which I imagine the
To The Editor Of The Northern Stab.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAB .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 4, 1843, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct789/page/1/
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