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OPENING - OF PARLIAMENT
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daywe have been necessitated to Note.—To make room for the * Debates in PawiT ment" at the opening of the Session on Thn>»! nav wa hair* Kaoti nAJvn»rvi*«t.J * _ . "u*q*
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SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVED BY MrT CLEAVE
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Now publishing in Penny Numbers, and Foarpenny Parts,
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ConBff Leeds :-Pnnted for the Proprietor FEABtfUS
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VOLTAIRE ' S PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY . No . 60 is this day issued , combining a fine Engraving of the celebrated Author , upon steel , without any extra charge . Part 15 is ^ aho ready , price Fourpence , completing the First Voloinfl of the Dictionary , comprising 614 pafte 3 , donblB columns and small type , verbatim from the Onginu Edition . It may be be had in 61 -Nuiabers at Wj * Penny eaoh ; 15 Parts at Foarpenoe each ; or handsomely bound in cloth for Five Shillings &W P * pence . The remaining volume will be continued with increased vigour . Booksell ra can be supplied with elegant Snow Bills , to which the plate of Voltaire will be attached , through their different Agents . . # iL . winun
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TO THE CHARTISTS OF THE DISTRICT OF LEEDS . ( COMPRISING LKED 3 , HOLBECK , HUNSLET , WOK" * ' ARMLBY , WGODHOUSE , CHUBWEIX , AND M 0 BW ' / ADDITIONAL MEANS FOR PROVIDING
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HOUSE OF LOBDS , —Thcbsdat . Parliament -was opened by Commission on Tharsasy , attt «> o ' clock . The Commissioners irere the , archVis * hop of Canterbury , the Lord Chancellor , Lord "Wharneliffe , the Duke ofBuedeueh , and the jBariofShaftesbnrj . - * ffie Commisaonera entered tnB Honse shortly Wore two o ' clock , and took their seats at the foot of TheLoKi * ^ haxceixob directed the Gentleman Usher c-f' ¦ Black Rod to Etunmon the Honse of Commc- , - « the baT of their Lor- -hips Honse . * The Stzxker of the Bonse of ^ oinmons , attended by Beyeral of the Meiabers , shortly afterwards * ppeared aline har , and informed the
The Loed Cha > ceixoe hiving members of the House of Commons that it was not con-Tenientibrher 3 aajestyto attend in person to open this present Parliament , stated that her Majesty had been graciously pleased to issue her Royal Commis sion , authorising the Commissioners therein named , to do alllHngs that might be necessary for the opening of the Parliament . His Lordship directed the Commission to he read . Taa Clerk then read the Commission at leDgth , The LofiD Chaxceiaoil , in the name , and on behalf of her Majesty , read the following speech : — " MY LOSDS AXD GESTLEMEK , " "We are commacded by her Majesty to acquaint you that her Majesty receives from all Princes and States assurances of » friendly disposition towards this country , aLd of an earnest desire to co-operate ¦ with her Majesty in the maintenance of general
peace . " By fee treaty which her Jflajesty haB concluded ¦¦ wi th the United States of Aaierica , and "by the adjustment of these differences "which from their long contijxnance fl 1 " * endangered tiae preserYation of peace , her Majesty trusts that the ^ amicable relations of the two countries have been confirmed . " The increased etertions "which by theliberalitf of Parliament her Slajesiy was enabled tozoake for the termination of the hostilities with China hare b een eminently successful .
" The iiWij Talonr , and discipline of the naval and solitary forces employed npon this service iave been most conspicuous , and have led to the conclusion of ¦ jgace upon the termE proposed hy heT Majesty . ^* Her Majes ty rejoices in the prospect that by the free access ¦ which "will is opened to the principal marts of that nopnlons and extensive empire , encourage ment "will be giTen to the commercial enterprise of lier people . •* As soon as the ratifications of the treaty shall have been exchanged , it -will be laid before you . ** In concert -with her allies , her Majesty has sneeeeded in obtaining lot the Christian population of Syria an establishment of a system of administration "which they "were entitled to expect from the engagements of tiie Sultan , and from the good faith of this country .
" The eif&rence for some time existing between ¦ fii e Tnrtiah and Persian Governments had recently led to acts of hostility ; bnt as each of these states has accepted the joint mediation of Great Britain and Snssia , Her Majesty entertains a confident hope that their mutual relations mil be speedily and amicably adjusted . * * " Her Alajesty has concluded with the Emperor ol Sussii a treaty of commerce and navigation , "which will " be laid before you . Her Majesty regards this treaty TOth great satisfaction , as the foundation for increased intercourse between Her Majesty ' s subjects and those of the Emperor . " HerMajesty is happy to inform you that complete . success has attended the recent military operations in Atifrrhn-mBfrmTi
" Her Majesty has the greatest satisfaction in record ing her high sense jof the ability -with -which those ' -operations have been directed , and of the constancy and - ? alonr -which have been manifested by the Unropean anS Ifative forces . ¦ " ¦ The snoeriority of her Majesty ' s arms has been -es-- "tabHshed by . decisive victories on the scenes of former -disasters ; and the complete liberation of her Majesty ' s subjects who -were held in captivity , and for vbom her Majesty felt the deepest interest , has been effected . We are commanded by her Majesty to inform you that it has not been deemed advisable to continue the occupation by a military force of the countries to the west"Ward of the Indus . . '» - - " GESTi ^ MES OT THE HDlJSS -07 C 0 MM 05 S , » Her Majesty has directed the estimates for the ensuing yeaz to be laid before yon .
" Such reductions have been made in the amount of , the naval and military force as have been deemed com- j patible , under present circumstances , with the tffiatEt ; performance of the public service throughout the ex- j tended empire of her Majesty . i " Ml I . OBBS A 2 TD GESTLEMES , j " HerMajesty regrets the diminish ei receipt fromj some of the ordinary sources of the revenue . j « H <» Majesty fears * ha » H must be in part attributed i to the reduced consumption of many -articles , caused by that depression of the manufacturing industry of the country "which has so long prevailed , and "which her 3 £ aissty has so deenly lamented .
•* In considering , however , the present" state ef tha revenue , Her Majesiy is assured that you will bear in Tnfari that it has been materially . affected by the extensive reductions in the Import Duties , which received your sanction during the last Session of Parliament , sndthat Jittle progress has been iuthtrto made in the collection of these t *™* which were imposed for the purpose of the supplying the deficiency from that and other causes . " Her Majesty feels confident that the futureprsduce cf the xevexroe will fc 3 sufficient to meet every exigency of the public service . " Her Majesty commands us to acquaint yon that Her Majesty derived the utmost gratification from the loyalty and affectionate attachment to Her Majesty ¦ which were manifested on the occasion of Her Majesty ' s fisit to Scotland .
« Her Majesty regrets that in the course of last year { he public peace in some of the manufacturing districts -was seriously disturbed , and the lives and property oi lier Majesty ' s subjects were endangered by tumultuons assemblages and acts o ! open liolente . The ordlnarj law , promptly enforced , was sufficient for -the effectual repression of these disorders . Bh Majesty confidently Telies npon its efficacy , and upon the zsalonj support of her loyal and peaceable subjects for the main tenance of tranquillity . ' " We are commanded by her Majesty io acquain ] yen that measures connected with the improvement oi the law , and with various questions of domestic policy j ¦ will be submitted for your consideration .
w Majesty confidently relies on your zealon endeavour to promote the public welfare , and fervent !] prays that the favour of Divine Providence may direc and prosper your counsels , and make them con dncrre to the happiness and contentment of he : people . " The Members of the Honse of Commons withdrev as soon as tha reading of the Royal Speech had beei conclnded , and the Commissioners then withdrew for the purpose of unrobing . On the return of the Losd Chxncellob , prayer were read hy the Bishop of Chichester , and thei : Lordships then adjourned to Five o'Clock . Their Lordship 3 resnmed at five o ' clock , at whicl hour the Loud Chasgkllob took his seat npon th Woolsack . SeTeral notices of motions were then given .
IHB ADDXESS . The Lobb Chancellor then read her Majesty ' most jracions sp-ech . The Speech havh > g been again read by the Clerk , The Earl of Powis rose to move the adoption c fee address , which was of course , as usual , a mer echo of the Queen ' s Fpesch . The Earl of Eglikt ^ -s seconded the motion . The Marquis of Laksdowse then addressed th House at great length , and was left speaking .
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HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Thubsdat . The Speaker , attended by the Officers of t ' House and a few of the Members , opened the Hon about half-past one o ' clock . A * "two o ' clock , Sir Augustus Clifford , Usher toe Black Bod , summoned the Honse to attend ™ a v ! t ° Peers > to tear her Majesty's Spee siwasssss- ~™»*>« a jSasfsssasstar — wasa loo ^^^^^ rS
^ dlook SX S ? " Wre ™ « ft- tab ] * be prosecution of the petition , cWSSr ^ of ^ * £ ^^ f % ?^™ etheii fr ^ -mt -7 th C * |^ raary , move for a Select CormiSe inqmta a&o th » state of the late distress in Paisle ^ B 0 f 0 ] r ? J ? txaa ° 1 ° ? money collected under ti Qpeeu ' s -Idter , and the mode in which it w ^ isposed ! . " « . Mt .: Wa 1 £ acs gsre notice that he wocZd on t \ U&F&ru . vj . call the attention of S HonsS the general o istwss of the country . U | & . S . < ryws * aresoSM that he would , < Thnrsday , the w ~ n of February , move for a Sek -Committee to k > 2 uire into tiie mode in -which ti Poor Laws had Jteea carried into operation
Ireland . Lord Ashlet g 3 T 3 notice that he would , on t ] 16 th of Februaryj move' iha * an address be present * to her Majesty , praying . ^ bat she would be ^ raaous
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pleased to lake into her serious consideration the best means of diffusing a moral and religious education amongst the working classes . Mr T S- Dtjscombs gave notice that-he would , on Thursday , move for a Select Committee to inquire into the administration of justice by magistrates daring the late disturbances in the manufacturing districts . ' The Hon . Membeb also gave notice that he would , on the same day , move for an inquiry into the mode in which Lord Abinger discharged his duties as a Jnd ^ e during the Special Commission . The mover and seconder of the Address having entered the Honse and takes their seats , The Speakeb proceeded to read the Speech delivered by the LordB Commifisioners to-day , at the conclusion of which .
Lord Codbtemat then rose , and said—Mr . Speaker , in rising to propose to this Honse the adoption of an humble address in answer to the most spacious speech of her Majesty just read , I feel that I am not preferring any nnreasonable Tequest when I entreat for myself that kind and indulgent hearing which , under similar circumstances , this House has been accustomed 10 bestow—( hear ) . Whilst the magnitude and variety of the topics adverted to in her Majesty ' s speech are such as to place under no ordinary difficulties the mover of the address—< hear , hear )—I yet feel , Sir , with unqualified confidence that these are topics npon which there can be but a unanimous concurrence—( hear ) . I feel , Sir , that in the announcements which her Majesty ' s speech makes
there are many to which we all will be prompt and anxious to manife&t our concurrence—( hear , hear ) I feel that we all hear with equal satisfaction that announcement with which for many years past the speeches from the throne to Parliament have commenced . I mean . Sir , the gratifying announcement that the Sovereign of this country continues to receive firm assurances of friendly reeard from all foreign powers—( hear , hear , hear ) . Taese , Sir , are assurances from which I trust , we may ausrar a long continuance of that peace with which it has pleased Providence bo long to bless the nations of Europe . But there is one announcement to which I feel particular pleasure in calling upon this Honse to respond ; I mean that part of the
speech in which her Majesty informs us that a treaty has been conclnded npon a satisfactory basis with the " United States of America . <> Uear , hear . ) I am sure , Sir , that however great are the evils of war , every one in this House wfll agree with me that they are not mtrely to be measured by the loss of blood and the waste of treasure , but that there is a still greater evil in the disruption of those ties which ought to bind the familiea of mankind together . ( Hear . ) Those evils would be tenfold , if such should happen between us and that kindred community which has sprung np under our auspices . { Hear . ) We are bound to that commnnity by the kindred of blood , by the similarity of laws , and the identity of onr language , and our religion . ( Hear ,
hear , hear . ) I am sure , Sir , that no man who hears me can look withont interest upon the progress of that community from its infancy to its present and enduring maturity . ( Htar , hear . ) 1 am sure that every man must feel with me , that the evil of any interruptions of our friendly relations with the people of America , would be an injury not only to ourselves but to the rest of humanity—( cheers ) . It is , therefore , sir , with unhesitating confidence 1 call upon the House to express its satisfaction upon the adjustment of those diff-rences which had for some time existed—( hear , hear ) . I am sure the House will not hesitate to express its satisfaction with the wisdom and conciliatory feeling on both sides , by which this adjustment has
been happily effected , with a just regard to the national honour of two great countries —( hear , bear ) . Let me turn now , £ ir , to another announcement which her Majesty has graciously made respecting the triumphant close of tke war in Affghanistana war which wa 3 carried on nnder circamstanceB of no ordinary difficulty—in a country of a peculiar character , and amidst foes of unknown numbers , ef untried courage , of strange discipline , and unparalleled ferocity . That extraordinary war baa now been brought to a triamphant clos « by the constancy and valour of our troops , to which , 1 trust , we shall be the first bo offer the just meed of applause . It were idle—it were unnecessary—now to dwell npon the reverses oi a foreign campaign . But , Sir
I cannot speak upon this subject without inviting the House to call to recollection the many instances of individual valonr and power of endurance which were manifested by our troops , both European and native —instances which make us feel the greater satisfaction that that courage was not exhibited in vain , and that that suffering was not unattended with goad results ; for it leads ns to rtflect with increased -satisfaction that British honour has been vindicated , and that the superiority of British arms has been established on the scenes of former reverses . Sympathising deeply , therefore , with what our l ^ oops have experienced , and still more in accordance-with the expression of interest of her Majesty upon this topic : moreover entertaining warm
feelings of admiration and respect for those heroic captives , who in the hour of danger and suffering exhibited a manly spirit of daring , united with and elevated by a power of endurance , howev > r great , which peculiarly belongs to the feinala character—< chccra >—taking a -warm intiTtct in Uie fortunes of those captives , we shall no longer'delay to concur cordially in the expression of the address , which I will venture to submit toy our notice , in acknowledgment of the valour and constancy of her Majesty's troops , and of a deep conviction that in withdrawing bejond the Indus , we leave behind us an indelible memorial of British courage and British valonr . We may turn with feelings of perhaps a leas mixed character to another topic suggested by her Majesty ' s
speech , 1 mean our relations with China , and I am pure that , with equal satisfaction , we shall learn that a treaty has been concluded wiih China , resulting from the superiority of our naval and military forces , and fonnded upon terms which her Majesty ha 3 proposed . We may , I trust , look forward to this a ? the commencement of a permanent and salutary intercourse between this country and that mighty and extensive land . We may , I trust , look somewhat even beyond that—we may , 1 trust , look to those more enduring results , and those noble tr iumphs , which shall emanate from that intercourse , I mean the triumph of knowledge over ignorance —of civilization over barbarism—of Christianity over Heathenism and Infidelity . There ia one
result in "which 1 believe we may now rejoice , as having already taken plac&—I mean the revival of commercial intercourse with that country—an intercourse which bidB fair to be firm , constant , and systematic , and whiih opens a now and untried market for the productions of our manuficturing industry , There is not , I am sure , a gentleman that I : _ now addressing who does n ^? tJ eel that if ever there was a time when the prospect of new markets for our manufactures was essential this i ^ now that period—( cheers from the opposition ) . Sir , we are informed by her Majesty ' s speech of a fact , alas ! of which the experience of most Hon . Gentlemen , whom I now address , has made them aware—that considerable bodies—masses of our manufacturing population
have been suffering for some time under a state of distress occasioned by the depression of the markets of some departments of our manufacturing industry . Sir , we must learn with great regret as evidence of thai fact , the inability of a laTge portion of our manniactonng population to purchase those articles of comfort , or even of necessity , which , under more prosperous circumstances , they had been accustomed to ; but thi 3 inability is one of the causes to which we are to trace the diminution in the receipts from the ordinary sources of revenue which is announcbd to n 3 in her Majesty ' s speech . That the diminution may be , and is justly attributable also io other causes—to causes which may be , and it is hoped will be temporary in their nature , and which
cannot bat have bten present to the mind 3 of those who originated and carried the great financial changes of last year—I mean to the reduction in the duties npon imports—is no doubt a matter which it is satisfactory and gratifying to believe . But , Sir , at vhesame time , the fact remains—a fact which is brought before us in this the very first stage of our proceeedings—that large bodies of our manufacturing population are in a state of distress and depression . Sir , it is in no language of cold and ordinary condolence and pity that I now take this opportunity oi saying what has been so often said upon the subject . We cannot bnt sympathise deeply with the way in which , I will say not only the manufacturing , but the agricultural portion of this community have
often borne distress and privations , submitting to them with a fortitude and resignation deserving of a better fate . Such a circumstance renders their distresses still more emitted to the calm consideration of an English and C&rmian Legislature . This state of things exists . Of the remedies for this state of things this is neither the fitting time , nor am I a person qualified to speak ; but , Sir , this much I may be permitted to say , that while I Jook forward with hope to the result which will follow from the continned operation of the commercial and financial changes of last year , and to the prevalence—the gradual prevalence in foreign countries of sounder principles of international policy—( hear , hear;—while i look forward to these considerations I must be permitted also to say that any remedy for the national distress which legislation ctu supply is to be found , not in any crude and hasty measures , not in
attempts to exalt and magnify the importance of one interest above others—( bear , hear , oh the Opposition Benches , repeated by the Members on the Ministerial « ide >—it ia not to be fouad , I Bay , m endeaTo . to magnify any one interest above others , but m a calm and dispassionate consideration of all the interests of the community— ( cheers from both sides of the House}—while we wefch justly and duly the importance of each in the social ecale of oar country , aliening and assigning to eaoh its due share amRg the elements of our national greatness : and while we take into account all the component parts of this great commnnity , giving a just and fair consideration to such peculiar circumstances , and to such peculiar burdens , £ s may result from a complicated and artificial statejjfsoei-? J- J * is because I-traced in the coxsduei other Majesty's Ministers , the operation of such principles of
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legislation that , however reluctant I wa ? to obtrude myself upon the notr . ee of the House , I think it my daty in acceding to the proposal made to me , not to shrink from ; the '^ nblio expression , as the representative of a larr ; e and important constituency , " of the general cou ddence which I entertain in her Majesiy * 8 prese ' dt advisers . —( Hear , hear . ) In the great financial measures of last year the country recognised a gre at scheme , not to be judged of in its individual pa- ' rts , or in its temporary operation , but to be looked ? at upon the whole and in a series of years . —( H > ar , hear ;} I believe that if her Majesty ' s Ministers continue to act with a similar nuion of boldness , prudence , and caution ; if in the meas ' jres which may hereafter be propounded an anxiety for the general welfare be exhibited in nnion vrith a due regard to the various interests of the co . untry ; if they shew themselves ready and
anxious to maintain peace at the risk of everything bat national honour ; to promote economy at the hazard of everything except the efficiency of the public service ; introduce change where change may be improvement , but to repudiate and reject it where it is nothing but innovation , —I believe , Sir , if her Majesty ' s Ministers continue to act upon these principles , they will also continue to receive , as in my judgment they will continue to deserve , the confidence of a large portion of the country—( cheers ) . Sir , it is with these views and theee feelings that I have come forward on this occasion to propose the address in answer to her Majesty ' s gracious speech ; and I have only , before I proceed to read the address which I shall submit , to express my grateful acknowledgements to the House for the kind forbearance which they have manifested—( cheers ) The Noble Lord then moved the address , which was , as usual , an echo of her Majesty ' s speech .
Mr . W . P . S . Miles said , in rising to second the address , which has just been bo ably proposed by the Noble Lord , in answer to her Majesty ' s most gracious speech , \ 1 trust I shall be allowed that indulgence which I know this House is ever ready to extend to a young member making his first address . It is with no ordinary feelings of embarrassment that I undertake the task for which I have found it necessary to ask the favourable consideration of the House , and 1 trust that in the few remarks which it will be incumbent on me to make , I shall make use of no expression calculated to disturb that spirit of harmony and unanimity which it is so de sirable should prevail on the present oocasion—( hear ) . I shall endeavour , sir , to confine my remarks to as short a space as will be consistent with
the importance of the topic ? on which it will be necessary for me to dilate . It is with feelings of peculiar pride and satisfaction that I advert to the g ' orious termination of the campaign in Affghauistan . I bclieTe that on few occasions in the history of this country have victories so important to the security and stability of our Indian empire been achieved . I conceive that it is a matter of congratulation that her Majesty ' s army should have so nobly triumphed over every difficulty , and should have so gloriously recovered the laurels which previous events had torn from their brows ; that notwithstanding the severity of the climate , and the almost insurmountable nature of the mountain passes , they had , bv theskilful guidance of their commander ? ,
rescued the prisoners from captivity , and exemplified the maxim—that England leaves no insult unavenged , that her faith is inviolable when oncu pledged , that her punishment of treachery is iustant and certain , and that while she strikes terror into the hearts of her enemies , she is at all time 3 ready , even in the midst of success , to listen totho dicta'c ^ of humanity and reason . It would be presumptuous in mo to enter into the question of our Iudian policy ; but I cannot hesitate to express my approval of the po'icy pursHed by the Governor-General of India . It may be necessary sometimes to ma"ke an example for the purpose of preserving onr Indian empire . I think the taleDt of the Governor-General in cementing our power and authority hy his prudent and vigorous
administration of affairs—by giving a stimulus to that internal trade and commerce which the interests of this country demand , has done more to retain the stability of our empire than could be dene by any other means—( hear , hear . hear ) . Tho next topio to which 1 shall advert is the successful issue of our operations in China , which is not only a Bubject of importance to England but to the whole world . I think this , coupled with the brilliant success of ourarms in India , will be the distinguishing feature of her Majesty ' s reign , as this nation may be the means of opening a country which haa hitherto been unknown to Europe , and of introducing into it the inestimable blessings of the Christian religion . ( Hear , hear . ) As a young member , I will not discuss the line of policy pursued by the late Administration , but I trust 1 am not too bold in expressing mj approval of the energy which the present Administration has shown in bringing the war in China
to a triumphant close . They displayed an exertion of force , adequate to the dignity and importance of the undertaking , which sustained the glory of the British arms . 1 can scarcely calculate the advantage to be derived from the ratification of the treaty of commerce with China , or form any opinion of the amount of trade likely to be carried on with that country ; but , Sir , if tne relations which we hear of that country be true—if the population be bo numerous as it ia supposed , and if the prejudices of Asia permit a more enlightened system of policy with Europe , 1 do not think any treaty conld be of more importance , or more calculated to benefit trade and commerce . 1 congratulate the House that the long-pending boundary question between this country and America has been brought to a satisfactory conclusion by the talents of the Noble Lord to wbom the conducting of that question had been confided . I cannot but think that the
maintenance of peace between the two countries is of much more importance than a portion of disputed territory . ' That question which had been contested for fifty years , is now finally settled , and I believe it is for the interests of civilization that a dangerous and expensive war has been avoided . ( Hear , hear . ) I think this House will concur with me in regretting the disturbances which took place _ last autumn in the manufacturing districts . I rejoice that these disturbances have been suppressed by the energy of the civil authority , without any gr <> at display of military force , or without the assistance of a fresh law . I regret that these disturbances have arisen , but notwithstanding the pressure in trade , I think the spirit of insurrection is to be
attributed to the means and to the topics made use of by demagogues to excite their passions . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) I trust that the news from the East , and the new treaty with Russia will contribute to relieve onr commerce , and that the measures which have been adopted last Session will promote commerce , and at the same time help to equalise ' the expenditure and revenuo of the country . Is will require more decisive measures to restore public credit , and to dbvelope the resources of the country . The deficiency in the revenue has continued , whicii , I believe , is to be attributed to the deficient harvest of 1841 . But , I trust , the amount of revenue from the Property and Income Tax may counterbalance this deficiency , and that next year the revenue will so far revive , that this tax may bo done away with . Notwithstanding the efforts that had been used ,
panic after panic succeeded aniongthe agriculturists . They have' been called on to bear unusual burdens ; but if they contribute to relieve other branches of industry , I believe they will be borne cheerfully . I think the House has heard with pleasure of her Majesty's visit to Scotland —( bear , hear ) . The characteristic hospitality of Scotland and their abundant loyalty marked throughout the progress of her Majesty—( cheers ) The recollection of her Majesty ' s late visit will be cherished in the hearts of her Scottish subjects , and will create an tS-id that will long survive . I have endeavoured , in a lew words , to bring forward the topics introduced in the speech from the throne , and I hope the House will unanimously agree to the address which , if adopted without any dissent , will prove the more gratif 3 'ing to her Majesty—( hear , hear ) . In conclusion , I beg to thank the' House for the kindness it has extended
to me —( loud cheers ) . The address was then read by the Speaker . The question hsvin ^ been pnt , Mr . C . Wood said he had no doubt that tho Noble Lord in no degree miscalculated the feelings of i hat House when he gaye expression to the satisfaction which every one mupt feel at the announcement contained m her Majesty's speech of the termination of those hostilities in which this country had been engaged in two quarters , and of the improved prospect of peace , arising from the termination of differences with the United States . With respect to the termination of hostilities with China , he apprehesded that no feeling bnt one of satisfaction conld prevail . However confidently we might rely upon the
skill aad valour of our troops , no one could contemplate withont anxiety the continuance of hostilities at such a distance from this country , with a population so large , in a country of which we knew so little ; still less could any one contemplate without feelings of the greatest regret , the indiscriminate slaughter of a brave , though barbarous people . It had been the result of that war—a result which seldom attended sach operations—that every object for which it was undertaken had been effected . Reparation had been made for the cruel and insulting hardships ; heaped upon British residents ;
compensation had been made to our merchants tor the losses which they had sustained z indemnity had been obtained for the expenses of the war ; and he thought the Noble Lord was justified in anticipating that an opening had been made for our commerce which would be beneficial not only to this country but to China itself , to whose inhabitants it would secure the benefits of humanity , of civilization , and of religion ^—( Load cheers . ) With respect td the satisfaction which the Noble Lord had expressed : at the conclusion of the operations in Afijjhanistao , he ( Mr . Wood ) apprehended there would be no difference of opinion in that
House——( hear ) . > There could be no difference of opinion as to the advance upon Cabal , and the vindication of the hoaour of our troops—( hear , hear ) . But the Honse ' "was- not called upon oh this occasion to expressany opinion whatever as to the general policy upon , which these operations were conducted ; because already two notices of motion had been given , by the
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Hon . Member Cor Bath , and the Right Hon . the First Lord of t ' ne Treasury , which would afford opportunity enough to discuss that question—( hear ) . He hoped that before these motions came on , « her Majesty ' s Ministers would be able to lay before the House , the information necessary to form a correct judgment of those operations—( hear ) . He trusted that the information , which Ministers already possessed , would enable them to contradict the reports which had-been circulated of excesses committed by our troops—excesses revolting to ever ; mail of common humanity—excesses said to have been committed by our troops upon the unarmed inhabitants of cities of which we had for some time been in peaceable possession—( hear , hear ) . He trusted that Ministers
would be able to inform the House that we had notleft ,, in the countries beyond the Indus , a justly exasperated population . With respect to the treaty with the United States of America—that was a subject upon which the House would look to the Government for explanation , which he was sure the Government would be most anxious to give —( hear , hear ) . He for one was ready to admit that , in adjusting onr differences with that country , no importance should be attaohed to a few square miles of disputed territory , more or less . I confess it appears to me , upon the authority of a document , of thfl authenticity of which there can be no doubt , that all those questions are not so satisfactorily settled as we might at first have been led to
believe . The subject upon which I now wish to have an explanation from her Majestj ' s Government , refers to the question of what is commonly called the right of visit . I apprehend that of all the questions likely to agitate the public mind in the United States , there is not one more calculated to lead to angry feeling than that of their right of visit , and as there has been some confusion between what is called tha right of visit and the right of search , I shall take the liberty of stating my view of each as distinctly as I can . I apprehend tho right of visit claimed by this country * to bo the right of onr cruisers to-asceei £ in whether a merchant vessel is justly entitled to the protection of the flag which she may happen to have hoisted on the vessel being at the time in such a condition as to render her liable to suspicion—first , that she is not entitled to
the protection of that flag ; and next , that if she be not entitled to thatj > rotection , she is either under the law of nations or by the right of treaties , subject to the suspicion and controul of other Powers . That was the claim put forward by Lord Aberdeen in his communication with the Envoy of the United States , and supported by arguments which I am sure it is unnecessary to repeat in a British House of Commons . —( hear . ) It is enough to say that if this right is not to be exercised any vessel may sail unquestioned and uninterrupted through the squadron of cruisers we possess full of slaves—( hear , hear ) . It is enough to say that the most atrocious buccaneer or pirate might fail unquestioned through the fleets of all the maritime powers in the world if the right in question were denied . But this right is not only denied by the United States but it is also stated in the document to which 1 have
referred that it has been £ rown up bj ; thin country . So monstrous does this assertion appear to me that I shall take the liberty of referring to the words of the Precedent ' s Message relative to the subject . The extract is of the following nature : —" . In enforcement of the laws and treating stipulations of Great Britain , a custom has threatened to grow up on the part of her cruisers of subjecting to visitation ships sailing under the American flag , which , while it seriously involves our maritime rights , would subject to vexation a branch of our trade which was increasing , and which requires the fostering care of the Government ; and . although Lord Aberdeen , in his correspondence with the American Envoy in London , expressly renounced any right to detain American ships in the high seas , even if crowded with slaves , and limits
the British pretensions to a mere claim of visit and inquiry ; yet , it could not be well discerned by the executivo of the United States how such visit and inquiry could be made without detention and the consequent interruption of our trade . It was regarded as the right of search , presented only in a new form and in different words . " That was the view which tho President of the United States took of the question , which he treated as equivalent to the right of search which was at once given up by Lord Aberdeen . The statement of the American President created great excitement among parties who take an interest in the suppression of the slave-trade ; and the subject is one which colls for ad explanation from the Government . I will say for myself at once , that I entertain not tho slightest doubt what the answer of our Government will
be . I have not the slightest doubt but that they will tell us they have made no concession upon that subject to tho Government of the United Slates . 1 believe , that no British Minister would , or could , make such concession . He would quote to the House the eloquent language of Lord Aberdeen's diepatch upon the subject . That language was as follows : — " The undersigned begs to repeat that with American vessels , British cruisers have no pretence to interfere . Suoh vessels must be permitted to enjoy a monopoly of the unhallowed trade ; but the British Government will never endure that the fraudulent use of the Amoriuan flag shall extend impunity to those by whom it is abhorred , and who hare entered into solemn treaties for its suppression . "
—( loud cheers ) . He ( Mr . Wood ) believed that that eloquent passage embodied the feelings of every Englishman on the subject ; and he believed that no concession had been made to it by her Majesty ' s Government . He trusted that the epirit of the regulations hitherto enforced upon the subject would be preserved for the future . He was a , ware that the instructions to be given to our cruisers were under the directions of Dr . Lushington and Captain Denman—men whose names were a security for the able and effectual discharge of the duty they bad undertaken ; but he ( Mr . C . Wood ) hoped that in the new instructions the spirit of the old instructions would be adhered to . He was sura the answer of the Government upon tho point would be satisfactory to that House —( hear , hear . ) He could not , however , help saying , that the present 6 tate of the question suggested a doubt as to the final settlement of our differences with the United States . But , speaking
generally , with regard to our foreign affairs , he was sure the House would receive with satisfaction the statements contained in the speech from the Throne , and would join in its congratulations . He eon * fe 8 sed , however , that he derived but little satisfaction from the expressions in the speech relative to our internal policy . ( Hear , hoar ) The House would , no doubt , participate with her Majesty in the sympathy which she expressed for the sufferings of her people . But surely those sufferings were of a nature to call forth something more than sympathy . ( Hear , hear . ) He did expect to find in her Majesty ' s speech—he did not say the precise nature of the remedies which tho Government was about to propose—but he did expect to find in it some indications at least of tho measures they intended to bring forward for the purpose . of removing that depression of our trade which has now lasted too Ions * . ( Hear . ) And when ho remembered th 6 censure of which the
late Government was the object for introducing great measures which thty had not anuounced in tho speech from the throne , ho could not help thinking that no suoh measures were now in oontemplation . Tne Hon . Gentleman who seconded the address had told them of some symptoms of reviving trade ; but no one could be so sanguine as to believe that any great improvement had of late taken place in the condition of the people . —( Hear , hear . ) If he considered the state of his own county ( Yorkshire ) , he need but appeal to the Hon . Member for Leeds , who , this time last year , drew a touching picture of the distress that existed . It was no exaggeration to say that , ia the last year , the distress had doubled . He had a return of the money spent in
many parts in out-door relief . In Leeds , in 1841 , it was 17 , 000 / ., in 1842 it was 23 , 000 / ., the number of applications in 1841 was 7 , 360 , while in 1842 it was double that amount , being 14 , 300 . —( Hear , hear . ) If ho referred to the Member for Lancashire , he would tell the same tale . —( Hear , hear . ) If he turned to Scotland the same complaint existed there , and what was still a more convincing proof , the distress had penetrated into the agricultural districts —( hear , htar ) . In such a state of the country , were the representatives of the people to sit with tolded arms , without attempting to legislate ?—( hear , hear ) . In order to restore the vigour of commerce , they had been promised that measures should be brought forward that would considerably alleviate the
distress—( hear , hear ) . No one could doubt what those measures ought to be , namely , measures that would increase the demand for labour , stimulate trade , and improve the condition of the people . At the conclusion of tho speech from the throne at the end of last Session , such measures were promised ; and he must confess that it was with feelings of the greatest disappointment that he found in her Majesty ' s speech at the opening of the presenf Session , no indication that that promise was to be followed up—( cries of hear , hear , hear ) . No sounder principle could be adopted than that of buying in the cheapest market , and that there should be no benefits given to classes . Such was the policy pursued by the late Government , and which he had been in hopesof seeing carried out , as the sole means of improving the condition of the people . These principles were adapted to many articles last session , but not to
those that materially affected the condition of the people- ^ oheere ) . With many articles of manufacturing industry and consumption the Government had not attempted to deal ; he had hoped to see something done with respect to sugar and corn , but the speech was entirely silent on that point . He knew not that in any article affecting the consumption of food the price had been reduced by the Legislature of last session —( hear , hear . ) Fortunately for the population of this country the price of wheat was low during th © last autumn , but he he did not ate honr that could in any Way result from the measure of the Bight Hon . Gentleman . He thought the panic and alarm which had existed among the agriculturists were the most unfounded panic and alarm , as far at kast as the measures of the Right Honourable Gentleman were concerned , that could possibly prevail . For three
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months after the Bill of the Right Honourable Gentleman for regulating the price of wheat passed into & law , the prioe was only three shillmgs lower on the average , thaniwhen the old law was in operation . It was true , that under the operation of the sliding scale , it all came in at the time of the harvest ; but he did not believe that one grain more or one grain less came in in consequence of the change—( hear , hear , from the Opposition ) . It came in at a different time ; it , came iu paying ! a different rate of duty ; but so far as the producer and tke ; consumerhwere ' ct ) ncerned he believed the new law was altogether a dead letter . The prioe rose np at the end of July to ratb' er more than sixty-four shillings , but the prospect of the early harvest showed that it was
impossible to do what had been done in the preceding year , raise the nominal price to 70 s . or 80 s . by means of fraud . The early harvest rendered it necessary to bring in , in the month of August , no less than two million quarters of corn , and the operation of the law tended as unnaturally to depress the price of corn during the autumn , as it had to raise it previously . He hoped the agricultural Members would bear in mind that they , as well as others , were suffering from the operation of the sliding-soale , —( Hear . ) Much had been said about the necessity of giving thenew law a fair trial . It seemed to him to have been tried and condemned . No alteration , as far as the . consumer and the producer j were concerned had been effected by the new law . | Whatever might be the principle
upon which future Corn Laws should be based , be it protection ! be it revenue , or be it a duty for registration only , it must be acceded by all that it was desirable to got rtd of the uncertainty which now existed—( hear ) . { He believed that the reduction in the price of agricultural produce was to be attributed entirely to the want of demand . It might be difficult to ascertain the exact falling off in the whole amount 6 f *" cOnBumpiitHV- ; - but he had been told , on good authority , that in the town of Stockport alone the quantity of beasts killed in 3 months of last year was less by 700 than in the same period of 1841 . He had been also , told by a high agricultural authority , that owing to disease and other circumstances , there were not at that time sufficient cattle in the
country to supply the ordinary demand . If that was true , it was the interest of all classes to provide a remedy for suoh a state of things , and the only adequate remedy was the improvement of trade and the employment of the people . He believed that no advantage which even they as landlords could derive from the utmost ; prohibitory duty , could in any way equal that which they would derive from the prosperity of trade and manufactures . He believed that amongst agriculturists themselves this opinion was spreading in every directioa . They found that the pries of agricultural produce was diminished ; they found that a portion of the population who hadtof years been employed in manufacturing towns , was falling back upon agricultural
parishes ; they found that the surplus labourers had increased , that the poor rates were becoming increasingly heavy . ! All this produced a conviution that a change must be effected . Allusion was made in the speech of her Majesty to the deficiency iu the revenue . He believed that they were then to a considerable extent suffering the penalty of rejecting , in 1841 , the measures which were then proposed by the late Government . ! ( Laughter from the Ministerial benches . ) That those measures were Sound in principle he believed no Member of her Majesty ' £ 3 Government would deny , after the deductions which they made last ye ; ar , whatever might be the opinion of their supporters . It was impossible to deny those measures were calculated to create a demand
for our manufactures abroJSfl ^ nd thereby to improve the condition of our manufacturing population . They were told at the time when these measures were proposed that all that was necessary was a change of Government , as though when Hon . Gentlemen opposite wpre placed in office money would be sure to flow into the Treasury . He apprehended that the result was far ; from bearing out such an opinion , that at that time the deficiency was greater than it had ever been—( hear , hear ) . Up to the 10 th of October the certified deficiency was two millions and a half . Had it been diminished in the last quarter ?—( hear , hear ) . He thought not ; he thought he might say that the deficiency up to the 5 th of January , was not lesa than three millions and a half . He sincerely hoped
that the receipts ( from the Income Tax would be as great as had been expected by the Right Hon . Gentleman himself , but they must double his own estimate , in order to meet the deficiency . He believed the falling off in ordinary sources of income extended to every thing , except the Postj-office— ( hear , hear , hear ) . The greatest deficiency wna in the Excise , which was not touched by the measure of the Right Hod . Gentleman , and which had usually been considered as the best test ol the prosperity of the nation . If they were ever to be relieved from the burden of the inc-metax , it could only be by the improvement of the ordinary sources of revenue . He could not but hope that the Government weu'd bring forward some measures for improving the state of commerce . Even the speech of the Noble
Lord encouraged such a hope , for be had expressed a hope that tb&Qoyerninent would persevere , not rashly , but 3 tead ( l ^ and firmly , in the course which they had pursued << nftn 3 g the last session . He trusted that even before that debate was concluded , the Right Hon . Gentleman would ? not leave them without sjme assurance that such was hia intention . ( Hear , hear . ) Such an assurance would only be in accordance with the recorded opinions . of the Bight Honourable Gentleman biruseif , and of the Government or WflKin He Was tae head ; and he might depend upon it that whatever the opposition which he might meet with from gentlemen who sat behind him , he would , at least ,, have the continued support of that ( the Opposition ) side of
the House , in carrying ont those measures which , were best calculated to improve the condition of the manufacturing population . The condition of the people was one of which the oldest man could scarcely remember a parallel . The depression was similar to that which prevailed when Air . Huskisson , in 1825 , brought forward his measures for the relaxation of the then commercial tariff . Under that relaxation , trade revived . He believed that a similar era had now arrived , and he also believed that from the application of similar remedies to the whole of our imports , and especially to the great articles of consumption , they might look for a revival of trade , an ; increaae of revenue , and an improvement in the moral and social condition of the whole population . —( Cheers . )
Sir R . Perl said ho was happy to infer , from the general tone and tenor of the speech of the Honourable Gentleman , and the approbation with -which that speech was received from those who generally concurred with him in opinion that there was every prospect that they would be able to . present to her Majesty an unanimous address in aaswer to the speech . He could not have heard the declaration of the Honourable Gentleman , with reference to the foreign policy of Hsr Majesty ' s Government , without great satisfaction , because it appeared to him to imply entire andlaluaost unqualified approbation of the policy which : her Majesty's Government had pursued with respect to foreign affairs . —( Hoar . ) The only reservation which the Hon . Gentleman had made , was with respect to the course pursued to the westward ef the Indus ; and as there was a notice on
the books' of the House with respect to that particular subject there would be a more fitting opportunity afforded of expressing tiir'bpinion . The Hon . Gentleman referred particularly to the treaty wkich this country had concluded with the Uafted SVitea . The Hon . Gentleman said , with respect to the differences referred to in the speech from the throne—namely , those between the State of Maine and the United Statesthat a few miles more or less of territory was of little importance , compared with the adjustment of differences between two mighty couutries , which had continued for half a century , | and which ware now amicably settled . He rejoiced to hear from the Honourable Gentleman his frank admissions in respect to the policy pursued towards the United States , as far as the question of boundary was concerned . If an opportunity of future discussion was allowed , he felt confident that he should be able to
show to the House and the country that the treaty conducted by his Ndble Ftiend , who had almost retired from public life , and who , influenced solely and exclu-Bively by a sense of duty to his country , was induced to leave his repose for the single purposed contributing , if possible , to the * adjustment of the question between the two countries—he trusted he should be able to show , if tho policy of that treaty should be questioned there as it bad beon out of the House—that the treaty of the Noble Lord gave them every thing essential for the maintenance ! of the North American provinces , though he did hob bslieve it gave them that they were entitled by ¦ the intention of the parties * justly to expect—( Hear , hear , hear , )—yet considering the uncertainty which prevailed as to the letter ef the treaty , oi the
the ignorance Geography of the country which prevailed at the time ; considering etlao how impossible it was to execute ! the treaty , the division made giving one half to the United States and the other half to this country , their military stations being preserved , the adjustment of the question upon the whele being more favourable than that which waa given to them on a former period , { be fait confident he would be able to prove satisfactorily to the House that they had acted consistently with sound feeling—consistently with the interests of the country in ratifying that Convention .-f- ( Loud cheers . ) He knew there were parties who triedjto obstruct the amicable settlement of the question , there were those who blamed Mr . Webster as well as Lord Ashburton , because he had seceded from the pretensions put forward by the United States , because be saw there Was no other mode of bringing the to
question an amicable settlement—( hear , hour ) . He waa taunted with telling bis country . Here it was the Ashburton . capitulation , there it was the Webster capitulation ? but Gad be thanked , there were sufficient moderate and good men who knew that a relinqunmment of extreme pretensions on each side might be compatible with the authority of each , and that the question of dispute was nothing compared with the establishment of an amicable union between the two great people of kindred origin and kindred language , and whose interests were as deeply interwoven . as their origin—( hear , hear , and cheers ) . He thanked the Hon . Gentleman for the fairness and manliness with which be expressed his sentiments of that treaty . The Hon . Gentleman had given him aa opportunity , and be rejoiced at it , of making tome observations with respect to the message which kco&tai&ed matter important" not only to England and the United States bnt to even
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civilized country that trafficked on the ocean , rf a painful duty to him to refer to the messasenfT ? President of the United States , butf he sinceLi ^ honestly believed that it was necessary that a understanding between the United States and rt ? country should prevail on the subject ot the rio ^ visit— ( heat ) . That message did not give a Wf * count of the nature ef the negotiation . a ° " [ LEFT SNEAKING . ]
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, move S matter out of the paper set uptoenableS go to press with the First Edition : amosoS other things several reports of Chartists mJ * ings ; and also the Forthcoming notices mT great anxiety we felt to give all we ' conM respecting the - Cackling Qub , " has forcH to do this for once ; hereafter we shall endeavm » to contrive to give Aottat great length ; urf shall also watch the proceedings in the Tg * . Trap , with a view to comment when need&t The present Parliamentary campaign nromlS _
to De a very busy and important one : Peel i < , v » T fix : hi 3 > Free-Trade" Measures , of Sst £ * eion , have not filled , either the Exchequer or tiL bellies of the people . Difficulties increase a ? every hand . How will he meet them 1 any how will he meet the Corn-Law Repealers wkT want to try another dose of Free-Trade * aT » , when the last one has worked so badly \ '
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POLITICAL VICTIM DEFENCE AND PAMILY SUPPOB * FOKI ) . Previously acknowledged 169 lfrjn Deptford and Greenwich , second subscription ... 1 10 o Cambridge ... ... 2 | j Durham 1 0 o Friends , Tower Hamlets 0 2 n Clock
House , Leicester-square ... 0 4 io Ditto 0 3 9 Miss Inge ... 0 0 8 Mansfield Woodbouse 0 7 0 Croydon 0 5 0 Buckfastlcigh ( purchase money of Chariist Circular ^ back numbers , as per Mr . Cleave ' s proposal ) ... 0 17 6 i Bacup , near Rochdale ( ditto ) . „ 0 10 6 Steel House Lane , Birmingham ( ditto ) 0 10 4 Liverpool ( ditto ) 0 10 i
£ 178 5 11 } FOR MRS . ELLIS . Previously acknowledged 4 14 6 Carvers and Gilders ' , Westminster ... 0 5 0 Leicester 1 0 fl Salisbury 0 5 0 Amicus , Brightiingsea 0 1 0 J . E . ... ... 0 2 6 J . Williams , Tower Hamlets ... ... 0 1 . 0 A Friend 0 0 6 £ 6 9 fi
FOR M DODALL . Previously acknowledged 19 7 iflj James Hughes , Croydon 0 0 6 James Smith , ditto ... ... ... 0 Q 6 William Hodges , ditio ... ... ... 0 0 $ £ 19 9 7 j Notice . —After the present date , I shall require 10 s . 6 d . instead of 103 . 4 d ., for each parcel of 400 copies of back numbers of the Chartist Circular ^ presented by me to the Victim Fund , according to the
conditions mentioned in the Star of Saturday week last . The fact is , I did not previously recollect that I shall have to pay twopence " booking" for each parcel forwarded by any public conveyance or Loj . don bookseller . I feel assured , however , it will be generally admitted that I am fairly entitled to make this trifling increase of twopence , the more particnlarlr when our friends are reminded that I Bhall even then have to supply , without remuneration , string and paper wrappers for the parcels , not to mention the time necessarily engaged in eelecting the Circulars from my stock , packing , &c .
Errata . —In my note { Northern Slar of last week ) for " in the next , " read " in each parcel , " &e . Ia the list of subscriptions to the Defence Fund , tha words " Boot and Shoemakers , N . C . A . " were wrongly printed , in capital letters , above the itenu from Nottingham , Norwich , and Newton Heath , so as to induce the reader to imagine the respectira sums were contributed by the " Boot a , nd Shoemakers" of each of the towns mentioned , instead ol from the former only .
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HUDDERSFIELD . —On Sunday last , the tunsl district delegate meeting was held in the Democratic chapel , Thurstonland . After the njual routina of business connected with the district had been dlapossd of , and the business relative the Birmingham Conference delegates settled , a vote of thanks to Fearga O'Connor . JB «« . fv J * tr- — -acorio ) - « JMwtJoD » III tlW cause of Democracy , and for his promptitude ia responding to the call of the Chartists of this distifet , was agreed to . Tho subject of Cooper ' s Plan of Organization was deferred until next delegate meeting . — The meeting was then adjourned of that day fortnight , to be held in Mr . Dickinson's Room , Hudderefield ; efisfr to taken at twelve o ' clock .
DEWSBURY . —A District Council meeting wu held on Sunday , in the large room over the Co-openUW Stora After the financial business bad been tmacted , James Fox and William Robshaw were requested to hold their respective offices as Secretary and Trearater henceforward . The next cenncil meeting will be bdo on Sunday , Feb . 12 th . iu the large room over the Co « operative Stores , Dewsbory .
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O'CONNOR , Esq . of HammBrsmith , Middlesex , by JOSHUA HOBSON , at his B ** ing Offices , Noa . 12 and 13 , Market-street , Bri e ** and PabUshed by the said Joshwa Ho' ** ( for the said Fz&nevi O'ConKOB . ) athU D «* Hog-house , No . 5 , Markefc-street , Briggiitei ^ intern ** Communication existing between the W No . 5 , Market-street , and the said Nos . 1 * ** j 13 , Market-street , Bright ® , thw constituting » whole of the said Printing and Publishing 0 ° l one Premises . I All Communications must be addressed , Post-paid * M Mr . HOBSON , Northern Star Ofice , Leed * I \» I V * ( Saturday , Februaiy I , 18 * 3 . I
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o THE NORTHERN S TAH . \
Opening - Of Parliament
OPENING - OF PARLIAMENT
Daywe Have Been Necessitated To Note.—To Make Room For The * Debates In Pawit Ment" At The Opening Of The Session On Thn≫»! Nav Wa Hair* Kaoti Najvn»Rvi*«T.J * _ . "U*Q*
daywe have been necessitated to Note . —To make room for the * Debates in PawiT ment" at the opening of the Session on Thn >»! nav wa hair * Kaoti nAJvn » rvi *« t . J * _ . "u * q *
Subscriptions Received By Mrt Cleave
SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVED BY MrT CLEAVE
Now Publishing In Penny Numbers, And Foarpenny Parts,
Now publishing in Penny Numbers , and Foarpenny Parts ,
Conbff Leeds :-Pnnted For The Proprietor Feabtfus
ConBff Leeds :-Pnnted for the Proprietor FEABtfUS
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 4, 1843, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct789/page/8/
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