On this page
-
Text (8)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
EMIGRATION . , -yHEBE TO > AKD HOW TO PEOCEED . -j or 10 X 13 . THBtVCGH A rOSTlOS 0 ? CASADA , * T jiD sBTKaAl 0 ? TEE SXATXS OP SOB . TH ^ jjBJCA , PJkBXICBXATOiT THE- SIATES 0 ? jIAS 5 ACHrSETTS , SHODE ISI-ASD , K £ W ~ IOW £ , TES 7 ST 1 TA 5 IA , OHIO , MICHIGAN , IU . IK 0 I 5 , yiSCOSSrS , AXD SEW JEKSET , fSDSSlAXSK VIIB A TIKW OF ASCESTAIKXSG THE » BSIBiBIXTT * . OTBXB . VTJSB , OF JEKTGRATIOir ^ 5 D TO JCDGB OF I HE 5 EST LOCATION , FOE J 5 GUSH EHIGBANTSj FKOH ACTUAL OBSES-/ TATI 05 . _ j ^ -vrEEJf CE Pit k kTHT . Y , cf HsddersSeld . ( Continued from our last week ' s paper ., ) joTTBNAL . —DESCBIPTIOJf OF BOSTON . ^ ^ > t ' ^^ fc k PWT . ^* V ^ . ^
TbeSth of the city is -earned from every part in -naBon ss-sren ; the streets are well swept , and kept in jL ri repsir : there 'being a city tax for these purposes ta jides of tbe streets we generally paved iriih a small iLjy iiBfl of trick instead of flags ; they are edged ^» f e ai-graEile , and look fare ^ ing -well . Tier © are ^ gjjBginfls to be seen , dot is pig-feeding allowed fILjB the confines of the city . A contractor pays & tee hub &s the broken , or left meat of the "whole of I ^ fjabaltttsnts ; -and it if carted a few miles from the lal and pnuetpaOy used in feeding pigs . The mosey Sm-Mia * oes into the city fund , ana is expended in of ths streets and The filth beln
JjTrepair sewers . Ito fo mplet ^ y carried of £ there iB consequently no IjL gj , but w » y stagnant water ; but all is clean and S tJjfnL Many of the shops hare-tiro tJoors ; and not !»»» of th&m exoa a whole division , or block of bnHd-L- from street to street . They are lighted from the « gia ths middle part , anahave , of coarse , two fronts , *" v jo ad ! of the streets . The New Market Is a splen-^ bBiHiiis ^ SO fe ^ longi with shops « n « &ch side of j ^ ts ^ BBsaga , wMobxuns through Its whol 8 length . « jQjju » ketis well stocked with all kinds of provkions 2 ^ H ^ iines . Above fi » market sre shops and ware
jjJTliaiw are the fines * I ere * sawj of beautiful —2 M trj , light ' «"» active , docile , and powerful ¦ L jeis sbo&pecoliai sort of Cray made here , eon-^ g « of f » o l ong btams « f wood 24 or 25 feet in wrtKboBBd together in a particular manner , wiih * 2 * jij& « i distances . Upon these is placed a row of m&x « teneli , "without any other fastening than a tjh ^ ffidi of the holes , to keep them at a proper ujaace , & bsm rolling backward or forward . ^ JtsitfrKk with the Tery dean and respectable sp-. ^ jjjj ^ of jieinia bitonta in general . They mostly dress SjjjTifcBr linen remarkably dean ; and the mechanics jfreossitfj took to be of the middle class . 1 was also gfrck ti'Ji the similarity of their form and features , * Mtjtx » slender and swarthy ; one might almost iaa-« jg . tbea to be all of one family . The genQemen , the
JjdsHuosnd the li&onrers , wore light , straw , wDJow , ~ faj ?* i , or plaited or wove hats ; which , to me , iwaJioTdty , and in my opinion , & great improveggiYon black , or indeed any kind of skiff ; hats . The ti 3 eof iaisdliagssemed to be carried to the greatest Hbemeof eompetitionj rows of hats were lung from Jb * top to the bottom of the buildings in very many iB&seeSjWiih sig&s to read , rrtfTtrlfag also from top to fcattsn with edge outward to catch ihe eye ef the pasjer-by . At the shops where furniture is sold , a somber of dairs are fixed ia frost of thBbonding ^ and at jSweJinto -which tkey haveta ascend by steps , they pprt 6 Q fhe front of the said shops , a li st of the Bticles dealt in- Tha eating honsa are nearly all in ceQzrs , or , as they hire it , buemenis , to which there Be generally three entancea .
Mj friendi , Join and Jamei Hiteaell , formerly of PaiilfT , shoemakers , bat sow oTtMsdtj , masufacturen < rf sHihats , wets exceeding kind and obliging ; they jfcoved me aU that waj inieresting in and aronad the lily . Ttas day a company of Tolunteen arrlTOd from Maryland ; hiTing , in compliment to their commander vtoicjanied him so far on the way to Salem , & BUfi to lie north of the diy , -on a -visit to his rd » - & »; thsj iaited cm the " common , " a beaotifol piece d jrtsmd inteapersed with walks , trees and water . Jim they encamped . The volunteer corps of the city iBTsted then to entertaiameata of various kinds j and ^ ub tber were bei > g thus entertained , one or other
« I a » ttaapanies of the oty Tolunteers turned oat to do fistyUthe csmp ; so that all the local military waein jBotion . One day they had ; a general renew , wfeBitatga coaooune-of ths dtoens assembled to TSaenit ; tt » same day they fired what is called " a -raca £ ' * ffii cssoen . A round is sot SI guns as in £ gbsi , bQt the number of States in the Union . I bd - 2 rt nmih time to derote to theaa matters , bul Boam ? was so interesting as the fact that these brare Rtotem were kept and clothed at Oteir ore * a / pence fa&t m 9 s otject of defending the rights and indepes * fiaa rf thdr common country—that they were gene-SiSj tr ^ mrafB and tradesmen ' s sons who thus stood Jawdtesopatriotie a purpose .
tbiliasn . Mitchells took me to see Qiat splendid sadjoimed iytSldiag , wherein- ~ tae citizens , in the Vat « t fines , met to eoszult and resolve- —ia fact , lias they tnmsaeted all that was Important to the dty jSnoj theBcrolntioB . Jmean the Fennel "Htvn , which » Hp « eBtodtothBeity by the then proprietor , Mr . raail , * French gentlemen , from whom it takes its ib ** 11 it bow Hifl depository of the arms and aotctbeaatj ef all the companies of Tohmteers in the jfo li&ti are designated as follow * : —Ihe ** Greys , " Briii » be » Dtifal nnifona of that coIoxlx , richly
omaaestad ; " "Washington ' s Guard ; " "Boston I ^ gbt la . fa&jf ? Bifls Bangea ; " " laneea" fmounted ); n ^^ tot y asmeM ; " three or Ion ? companies at QadttioTB , and four Artillery esmpanies , besides a TlJoteer company at Eaxbn ^ h , sad oilier * in the « awaSng oittrkts . The procession of the Maryland csguEj , wish all the dty Tolnnteen , accompanied by & fionsnor ef the State ( Dalies ) , ibe Mayor and "aorffiasof the city , fee naTal and military ofacera , « t fcft , from ^ he Common to t ^* a Fennel tt * -TTj was »* 7 mpa « jng . They afterwards dined together in the *« fcIHsn of liberty .
/ Wxotkdat , AtGVST 3 rd—I got my tnmka iny « etBii * nd token to the ledgings I baa procared . « b ^ 4 I waat toseTEral ^ aces with tsj teends , the * W * a * and ^ feud too late for tbs Graham ' * boad-^«» B , atwMdilhad agreed with the first mate ¦ w prii being k « pt by his " tiTsfw ; I , ' therefore , ao-~ 9 ^ a my two friends , and slept-at their lodgings ««» k ! Mted- » jajajsHi . IwasinSo € ueedto aMr . «^ bJe of Pjjatey , anoldaequ « BteBoe , I was also fwWBcett to an uncle of nr » friends , the Mitdiells . He
^« a « aBn » Te leath ^ . andflnishiBg store .. He is WBiBBj orinthe United 8 tatesaraiy , aridhasacoin-W a a » dty . Seiormerly lired at Providence , and fg £ PD 8 democrat , when the late " physical force " «« 3 « i tt Befora was made in Bhode Islani , he went «** tol entered the lista with his party , and was aoon S ~* P ^ woar . A formal applicaiian . being made lot vLFtT 1 ? 1 ^> e ground that he did not belong to d ^ rf " «» ujet at Hberty i but in a few . days a Tr *~ T »» Bade to the QoTemorof Maasaehusfctts to ^ Er haa cp ; ^ tieb , howeyer , wbs not complied
*» tlvai fgnala pass « ngBrs obfeined mtaataons ° y * 7 . » m also some of the men . JT * ^ fj naea . on entering the Bsy of Boston , to ?* J ^ fcSereara a ^ 8 sppauance of the-Tankee »^^^ « a ours , they leing built for riTer traffic , oi B ^ L ^ S ? * ^^ ^ y- 1 ! he 7 to ™ two deeks , ¦ ft ^ rti ™ ^ * pecnKar form . In many other * 5 *» «»? ait gnite dissimilar to ours . 6 BS . ^ L ? Utoin * * ' « JBrse ° * erec&m , stands s ^^ l ^ oT The pnndpal vharf , and wfll be a £ ™ ° ««« ngwhen completed . Itia oblong , extend-5 *« J ^ width of a » tagn , ^ ia a row of granite ^ T ° vorimaease dimensions , extending around tha Ik * « 2 « as ; each column is composed of one solid - «• . a » baadtog ia an of xranite , which is pro-^ f * distance from city .
^^ Srt v the It can be cot Itfeuw l ™^ any-siaa . The front of ths New < 2 arf « r P ™ ?^ Hotel , and other buildings , ths ^* H r ^ « " > PS , warehsuses , is , are aU built ^^ sasmr ^ tona The streets are also pared with SoBaiThTi * &e d ^ from the top of the State ^ "tady mterEsSug . ] Tt » Y ~ l S * - " 3 -had ^ aSe arrangenients to start for 1 ^ S ™ " **?> " ^ m 7 landlady , when she found Ss aSrwf ^ adfaatage of me ; and charged doable itsa ^; ^ barganaea for . J went off in a hurry , ^¦^¦¦ mL tmhu T 3 i 8 coachman , even after 1 ^^^ ntm a York shilling more than Mb fare , fcftoBi ^ L ! 37 ^ "" ^ ana threatehed to take my lugi ft ^ ^ J ^ - He d a me for an " Irish £ aaa ssid , *• if be 3 ^ ^ 0 B v he would « rre ™
fa ^ ZZ beating .- An . " Irishman , who was toBakj Z ™* ' ^ a ip in a moment , at bearag bis **»!» KM + Zr " * rocJl a VJLy . and haA : aoi jjjg sttnj ^^^^ e TFould haTe been a eoIiMon , with-^ tfe ^ L ^ ^ Passengers had intended to meet me ^• eBttTiC ^ y * ^ re ^ eU akake of hands ; but **** tw 8 lrr 0 Bgstafion ; iBp Ihidaot the plewmre *» to ^ BW ^ " i- ** «™ bad engaged to go with n&L ialTw ^ - t ( nk" »» too late for the train j how-^»» TL ^ ston ' **» eonafay i » Tery beautiful . ^ SaS ™!^**^ 6111016 <^ Bn « B &r theiaUway , ^^ ^^^ rD ^ h grsTEi . The Country soon became t otBsT ^ . o&nea ; the timber was small and **» n « e ™ S- « - * rf n 1088 - It -was i » t at all in a * H ^ . ^ t - - *¦ gwat portion of ti » laad-Burface * it \^ ^^ loose » tons « , asS sot s iittte ij ^^ f ^ Q . hngs rocks ; much of the surface 61216
, « d « tt , tt ^ LS * * « many places wi&ont soU ; ^^^ S !?^ 3 P » fect ^ Talueless for agri- " * » « u ^? ^^ ****> ^ te&Tn * scanty , looked *^ i ^ S ** - ^ ttarae . tbere WMjjaMfi-raria , ^ Z *^« 8 be ^ -BB , - Tary poo ? indeed . : The 1 ** is ^ r" ? 1 ^ ' ^^ - » ' Tay ^ coarse kind offfrass 5 f ^ w ^ J- -rf ^^ M ' er , but no latch . . Thepeople ^ ^ aerewm ^ to le » TB &e ground taculUTated | ^^^^ plots of indiBai ttaavTrhici looked a « *• | Bpia > aii ^ -f " Al ^ ^ approachedProTidenca , ^•^^ S ^^^ country -laaier improTed . Pro-\** &et £ l SM Kb-ode islsnd , Beemed to be 3 ^ S ^ ft ? S' v ^ ^ 0888 ' boweTer , « om ^ j -g rooSL ^ ,,, ^ bein S ^*« y co ncealed by * Mj * &Si J " 4 M " - -a * » e " it to adTantage . Here * *^^ ^^ Since leaTikg ^ Boston , we haxe ^^ S-o ^^ *¦** - ¦ - *** ^ e *» W » I ° « erwjs 8 WTsred with moss ; in many
Untitled Article
instances , the fallen timber was in all the Taried stages of decay , and many of the standing trees were covered with moss to the top . . At Providence we crossed the water in a steam-boat the distance was about a mile . Here a number of our passengers went on board a steam-boat whick took a drcuitousKrate , ana only reached New York on the following afternoon . We proceeded thirty miles further by railway , and entered a splendid Bteamer at Stomington , and proceeded on the East river for New York . I regretted I had not taken my &re by toe other cpnTeyance , which lay all night near Providence , as an that case I should hare had the pleasure of witnessing the fine scenery on the coast , aDd also the coast of Long Island , which I passsd in the dark ; ii continuing bo till we arrived nearXew York . _ . _
SA-nrauAT 6 th . —We could only see the lights from the lighthouses along the coast , during the night ; the first object I-could distinctly -perceive was a headland to our right . I could not learn Its name ; but it was not far distant from New Rochelle , where the remains of the immortal Paise were interred , and where a handsome monument ia erected tothe memory of that great statesman and patriot . A succession of buildings appeared in view . Her © the land seemed fertile . I saw some oata cut , as I also did in the neighbourhood of Boston , and during some part of ear journey from that dty . The great prison for minor offences was soon seen , and we had a sight of New York , and very soon of the dty of Brooklyn ,
Staten Island , and the New Jersey shore . We next approached thB shipping , amorg which was pointed out to me tha " Great Western , " and the " British Queen' - steam ships ; 1 had also my attention drawn to a newly invented machine by which ships of the largest tonnage are , ia tha short space ^ . half-aB-hour , lifted out of the water and left perfectly dry . There iBy in the bay , the North Carolina , an "D . S . Man of War of 120 guns . Another ship of war lay at the quarantine ground , ojf Staton Island . The Gnome , a Preach war steamer of seventy gnna , lay near the North Carolina—she had conveyed the Prince de Joinville ? near the Gnome lay the Warspite British frigate , which had conveyed Lord Ashbnrton , who had been Bent out to settle the question relative to the North East Boundary line .
The ete&mer which conveyed me from Stonnington was of the form and description given of those J saw in Boston Bay , but larger and more splendid . Her name was Rhode Island . The fare from Boston was ene dollar and ^ eyenty-five esnta , or Jj dollars , We -went round into the North Biver , thus passing the greater part of the docks . The ships were numerous , and of various descriptions . We got ia befor * six a-m ., and were immediately crowded with lodginghouse keepers , hotel runners , and man-catchers of all descriptions , and for all purposes , but that of giving us something to comfort us without payment—carters , carmen , porters , Jfce . A crowd of them seirsd my trunk , and were very nigh fighting for the possession of the prize . In the bustle they soon had it on shore ,
when I stepped up , and asked if they intended to xob me ? They instantly placed it on the ground , and I engaged a decent looking man to drive it to Peter Busseys for a quarter « f a dollar . I went on the top of it all the way . I found that Peter had left New York , and gone to live upon a farm in New Jersey I therefore ordered the sian to drive to Mr . Rawcastle ' s , No . 17 , in the same street He was in bed . I washed myself , and before 2 had dressed my leg , &c , he came and inquired how I liked the West country . I told him he was mistaken in his man , and I looked F »™ in the face , when he soon found out who 1 was . We
shook hands , and I was seon at home" ( although his home was sot all I could have desired ) . After taking breakfast , I went to Worswick's—Bussey ' s old houseand there found letters from Mr . John leech , and Mr , Wm : Cooke , of Hudderfield , with a Northern Star and a Leeds Mercury ; alsaa letter from John Peacock , » donefrwnThomas GilUsple , of Glasgow ; the latter desiring me to look for Mr . Hewarth and other passenger * . They were all scattered ; therefore I could not meet with them . I now called on Mr . HolHck , late Social Missionary ; he was out . William Asbton , late of Barnaley , with a friend , awaited our landing to welcome me to "the land of liberty . "
Whenit became bruited abroad that I had arrived , a many friends came to pay their respects ; among them were several from Yorkshire , from Londen , and from Scotland , ice . 8 TJ 3 »» aT , 5 th . —This morning I went to look fer James Walker , late of Glasgow , and his friend Holliday . The rain fell in torrents and I got well drenched . I discovered that Mr . Purdie , late of Glasgow , had been writirg some Whiggish letters in the Ptibian , a New York paper j bis name was not affixed thereto , for reasons best known to himself .
Having reoeiveda pressing letter from Mr . Bussey , and having some business to transact , after dinner I took the first steamer for Elizabeth Town , State of New Jersey , to visit him at his farm . The distance was seventeen miles , the fare OHly 6 Jd . I was pleased with the farm , and with the crop upon it . I looked round the premises , and partook of apple-pie and nQk . He then sent his man with a spring-cart to the Port with me , and I reached New York in the evening I was bailed by many when going along the streets ; of some I had no knowledge whatever : Jos , Farrar , Hanson , Greenwood , dough . Bailey ( a female )* Crowther , and some others from Buddersneld ; Tiffin ? and others from Halifax ; Asbtos , from Barnsley ; Brown , from Birmingham ; some from Leeds -, some from
London } some from Glasgow , ice . to . A person from Batley , neat Bewsbury , came to see me . I asked " how the Shoddy business got on ? " He said , " of late it had gone down . " I enquired the reason ; he replied , " there had been a great deal to do about the Shoddy in the House of Commons , by a Mr . Ferrand , and the merchants would not , therefore , buy the doth . " I asked him "if he knew that I was the person who wrote the letter which Mr . . Ferrand Tmd in the House , explaining how the Beoifs Dust was mBde f" He opened his eyes very wide and ezelaimsd : " No ; but if it was you , there never vas a man more cursed since the creation of the ttnrld " He informed me that there were two persons on Staten Inland , carrying on the same trade , and that
he was going to' the business there kunself . I was also told that at Troy , in the State of New York , they are rapidly carrying on that aperies of roguery ; thus mining trade in America as out mannfeeturers have destroyed it in England . One person from Batley , ef the name of Bromley , is regularly engaged on Staten Island in the manufacture of Shoddy . Thus are the Yorkshire " devils" now divided between the States and ^ England ; and when they become fairly balanced in respect of number , and are in full battle array , then trill the collision produce a total wreck , ending in a perfect scramble . It is to be hoped , however , that the lynx-eyed Yankies will not beguiled by the transported " devils , ** in the same manner as John Bull and his customers have been duped . Mind if we don't soon set a PsniAlTD at ihemJ
MosdaT , 8 th . —I again went in quest of James Walker , but ^ id not succeed in finding him . 1 nacl proceeded by a railway train , which comes to the centre of the city and opposite the Park , where stands the City Hall , Post Office , Poor House , Aston House , and many other important and famous buildings . Strange as it may appear to Englishmen , the terminus of the Baflway , after a rather sharp inclined plane , is just upon one ef the rnnin streets . The rails are laid in the streets , upon whicfe the carriages are drawn by horses to the extremity of the crowded parts of the city turning corners as waggons < Io . Brom thence they are propelled by steam to W * st Chester , crossing the river , which separates the island from the main land , to the above town ^ in the county of the same name ; a dis tanee of twelve or four teen mile * . I travelled by one of the trains , ( which , I think , start e ^ ery fif teen
minutes ); passing -over the rudest fields , much covered with weeds , useless shrubs , rocks and stagnant pools , and of a most uneven surface , but marked out for streets , in some cases crossing each other at equal distances , and extending to the extremity of the island , which is fonrteen miles long ; a proof of what they intend thesity' to be—a grand specimen of Yankee notions , speculation and extravagance . Arrived at the station , I went according to the directions j ^ ven me ¦ which led me along 85 different streets , a distance of six miles , and , at last , fsund out that I was directed to the wrong person , and my journey was lost For the sake of variety , I took a * tage coach back again , and returned by the common high road to the city , and , of course , had an opportunity of making additional observations npon the wild wilderness of streets in embryo , which terminated at each end at the water's edge .
I was greatly disappointed with the city of New York . My ides was that I should find it the most unique and splendid city in the Union . I looked for wide , regnlariy-f ormed streets , filled up with buildings , on gradually sloping inclined planes , and all kept clean and in good repair , the filth carried away by well constructed and substantial sewers ; bnt , « n the contrary ^ I found-the streets crooked ; in some places level , and in parts so narrow as to lender them almoBt impassable ; badly pav ^ d , with stagnant pools here and there , deep ruts in . tb . 8 middle , and the kennels choked with filth and garbage ; innumerable hogs straying about , of a most disgusting shape—indeed , of a breed to which I was , a total stranger—and , as if to add to their ugliness , tbty are generally bedaubed with mire , so as to make
it next to impossible to ascertain their colour . The streets are of themselves exceedingly ofcnsive to the olfactory serves ; bat to pass the long snouted grunters was to me intolerable . Many a time have I gone out of my way to avoid them . I considered that the West end of the city was bad enough , but the east , was still worse , there beingagreater abundance ef thoseill-favoured , ^ irty grontera . In the best streets , the kennels were overflowed with streams of surface water , proving that they had no sewers . The bandings were erected to suit the taste and convenience of the owners , and were Irregular . There certainly aw exceptions to this state of things ; yet , -upon the whole , the city is most shamej _ ii _ » . * . **> .. a ¦»¦ , ¦ 11 iii ¦ ¦ n ¦ niT trifTi t-Iiq ftttv f % 9 Pm ^/ tin fully managed compared with the city of Boi $ on
__ , as ; and I was ta-ediblf informed that " parties" are so balanced in -the dty , the neither the Whig , or tile Lslo Poeo CDemocrat ) party , dare make an attempt to keep the hogs out of the streets . But if either party feaT losing vote * thrwugb . interference with the hogs , suKly some of them might dare to arrange for the removal of the garbage on which tbr , y luxuriate , and Jloroggest the construction of sewers for the carrying ofTthe filth and-pools of stagnant \ rater which abound on every hand . " This ought to be attended to , both fot the preservation of theixown health , and that of the ^ aiSaens in general . They should at once lay aside all party spleen and factious zesooux , and unit © ia this
Untitled Article
one common object , doing . 'honour to their far-famed city , by the adoption of means for the removal of nuisances so disgraceful to their character , and ruinous to health . Another ,: and very great nuisance , exists in the business streets , especially those in which , tfce wholesale business is transacted . In front of each shop , or warehouse , ate large piles of packing cases , crates , casks , &a These are beaperfnpon each other to a dangerous height , as if the owners were ambitious of vieing with each other in showing the largest number , and as if the extent and
success of their business depended npon the show . Very often the masses are so large as to render it difflcnlt to pass along the Bmall space of flags left uncovered—they being generally placed upon the flags , orfootway . Even Sunday is not a day exemptfrom this nuisance . If t * o " persons attempt to walk abreast , a nail is almost sure to catch the garment and a rent is the consequence . But , no matter ; there the heaps of packages remain , in the same position from day to day and week to week ; and , if appearances sre any indication of their long-standing , from year to year .
There are many splendid public and private buildings in the city , and some noble benevolent institatioas and asylums ; indeed they nave institutions of every description for benevolent purposes . I admire the taste of the Bostonlans more than that of the New Yorkers . There , there is a neatness of form aud finish , and txcellence of situation , which is not the case here . I observed , too , that the horses here are inferior to those at Boston . I am not at all surprised that niinery prevails at New York to a much greater extent than in any other part of the Union ; seeing that it cannot be otherwise , while so many thousands are annually , nay almost weekly ; driven here by dire necessity from Britain , Ireland , and all parts of Europe , to seek a home and resting place in tha "land of promise ; " and wl < o , having exhausted their last shilling in the search to find employment , are compelled to appeal to the authorities , or live by begging or stealing .
Tuesday 9 th . —Robert Anderson , one of my fellow passengers from Liverpool , with Charles Earnaba-w ana bis wife , arrived from Boston this morning , and brought me some letters and papers which I bad lost while in that city . Their recovery was , to me , a very fortunate circumstance . ( To be continued . J
Untitled Article
DISMISUAL OF THE CHAPLAIN OF KNUTSFORD GAOL . At an adjourned quarter sessions held at the Courthouse , Nether Knutsford , last week , before Mr . Traffurd Trafford , chairman , and a full bench of magistrates , the Court proceeded to the consideration of the discipline of Hnutsford gaol , and adopted a cause which has created no inconsiderable degree of sensation throughout the connty of Chester . It will be recollected that at the late sessions held at Chester , the consideration of the report of the visiting justices of Knutsford Gaol , which recommended the dismissal of the chaplain , was adjourned to these adjourned sessions .. Since then the visiting jnsticeB made another report , embodying evidence on the dietary and discipllpe ef the gaol , and
adhering tothe recommendation to-dismiss the chaplain . A letter had also been received from Sir J . Graham on the whole of the documents , reflecting in the strongest terms upon the misconduct of the governor of the gaol , and putting it to the justices whether , after the instances stated in the evidence of the reports , particularly as to the continuance of corporal punishment to a youth when it had been expressly stopped by the surgeon in attendance , they could with confidence and safety continue him in bis situation ; and also containing an opinion that if death had ensued in consequence of such conduct , the governor would have been guilty of homicide . The charges against the chaplain made by the visiting justices were the most prominent part of the proceedings . The first and main one * was , that during the inquiry bis conduct had been most unsatisfactory . It appeared that the inspector , who had been sent after
down by Government to report on the case Mr . Bunoombe bad made bis charges against the governor in the House of Commons , . examined the chaplain privately at Knutsford , and that the latter refused , when required , to state to tha visiting justices what e * had communicated to the inspector , because , as be alleged , he considered that communicatioa to ba confidential . This was held by the justices to be a ground of accusation against him . He was further charged with having kept a jonrnxJ , which he declined to produce for the inspection of the justices , although an order had been made that he should report to them whatever he saw wrong before entering it in his journal , in order that the same might be investigated ; and be was also charged with not having exclusively devot « d his time to his spiritual duties , and with not ' having administered the sacraments to some of the felons .
At the conclusion of the reading of the docaments , which were of some length , and whiob . contained evidence of an exculpatory as well as of a wiwinatory character ,
Untitled Article
Mr . P . X Townsend moved that the reports of the visiting justices be adopted and conflmedj and that the chaplain be dismissed . He went briefly over . the allegation agamst the latter , and said that the main complaint against hjm wan , tnat he had privately seen the inspector of prisons , and prejudiced that gentleman's mind , and when asked to acquaint the visiting justices with what ha had slated to him , he sheltered himself nnder the plea that fit was privileged , although the inspector in his report said that he did not consider the chaplain a camEBonicatioDS confidential-Lord DeTabley seconded the motion . Mr . WUbraham contended , that the worst characters m th * gaol had been brought out of their cells to demolish the chaplaiu - B character , and called npon the Court not to make the chaplain the victim and the Bcapegoat because what had been stated in Parliament had been proved to be true . He thought that if they aacnflced this gentleman they must of necessity sacrifice the gaoler . ¦ '
Mr . Davenport entered bis solemn protest against the motion , said that no real ground for dismissal had fieen shown , and expressed a hope that the chaplain would not be visited with the threatened punishment be ^ uae his politics were of the Liberal tfhool The Right Hon . E . J . Stanley feared the course they were taksng would lead the public to view the whole proceeding as a foregone conclusion , namely , to get rid of the chaplain . He ! recapitulated the case , and eald , the inquiry proved that what had been said in Parliament was substantially true , and they ought not to separate toe conduct of the chaplain from that of the gaoler . He admitted that the former deserved admonition for bis conduct to the justices , but Baid , that that conduct had not been sufficient to justify a Btep which must ruin and degrade him . After much further discussion , the motion was adopted , the numbers , on a diviaion being for it , thirtyfive , against it five .
" was then arranged that the chaplain should leave forthwith , and be paid his Balary up to the July quarter . After the discussion respecting the chaplain had terminated , the Court proceeded to consider the charges contained in Sir J . Graham ' s letter against the gaoler , going through them iseriaium . In some of them the magistrates exonerated the gaoler , though in others it was admitted that he had been in some degree blameable , but not to such an extant as to warrant them in withdrawing their confidence from him . In this opinion all the magistrates then present concurred ; but when it was finally proposed to pass a general exculpatory vote in favonr of the gaoler , Mr . WUbraham declined to concur la it , upon the ground , that although he considered the charges unimportant , yet , as they had dismissed the chaplain on account of still less important charges , be could not consistently say that the gaoler ought to be entirely exculpated . The proceedings occupied about five hours .
Untitled Article
reduced to the lowest depths of degradation , and steeped to the lips in poverty and wretchedness . Itia to remedy thi 8 abuB 0 , and obtain equal repreaeBtatUm , that the people have adopted the principle ! of the Charter ; for why should one class , who produce nothing , tave the power to make laws for their own convenience at the expence of the wealth producers ? ! If laws be founded in justice , their influence would be equally felt by every individual in the empire ; and unless they afford protection to the poor as well as the rich , they must of necessity be either imperfect or unjust .
Now , it is said by the advocates of aristocratic governments that the Constitution of these countries is perfect , and " a blessing to the nation" ! I deny such perfection exists in the " blessed Constitution , " or that the blessed Constitution ia a blessing to the nation . If the Constitution was perfect , labour would have its protection , and the working classes would have a voice in making laws to insure its continuance . Whilst the aristocracy and class interests trample on the rights and revel in the wealth produced by their fellowcitizens , it is a libel on the Constitution to aay it is a blessing tothe nation . It is a blessing , to be sure , to all who live by other people's industry , but it is a curse to the millions who have to support the idlers ,
Strange , that perfect as the constitution is said to be , still we find numbers of those very idlers to which it is a Kessing , crying out for reform . Is it a reform of a perfect constitution they mean , or is it a reformation by way of obtaining greater facility for plunder they would seek ? I fancy it is the latter , for if they were sincere they would not quibble and sbuffla and try to annihilate the only principle which cau possibly achieve radical and permanent good . Why not join the working classes in seeking to establish the Charter as the law , instead of opposing ita progress ? Why not strike at the root of the evil , and by dealing justly with the people , perfect the imperfect constitution , and make their country the admiration of the world ? Why not
give the people the franchise , and thereby restore them to political equality ? Because they ; are now as ever they were , your taskmasters , and would sooner heap more chains and miseries upon you than give you one particle of liberty , or respite from your sufferings . They have never been honest enough to cede a single point without having first limited it to certain bounds . If the people had the suffrage they yrould not tolerate abuses , and would cut off the sourcesjof monopoly and unjust taxation ; this , the would-be reformers well know , and fearing the trade of oppression would fail , they labour to counteract the principle of Universal Suffrage , by endeavouring to substitute other and less efficient remedies in ita stead . It is fer this reason
Manhood Suffrage and twenty-five years of age was cried up ; it is for this reason the Irish forty shilling freeholders lost the franchise ia exchange for emancipation ; it is for this reason the leaders of the Irish people quibble about technical trifles , and denuuaee the word UNIVERSAL with aa much vehemence as if it waa contagious ; it is for this reason " known Chartists" are excluded from repeal meetings ; and , finally , it is because those precious hypocrites have been ' driven from one position to another , with the voice of ( liberty thundering in their ears , and striking terror into their hearts , and the . mareh of pauperism pressing on their heels , that we have them now , nolens volens , crying out *• Complete Suffrage . " I
Irishmen , listen to them not ! It is the cry of the crocodile and the last shift of expiring hypocrisy . The Whigs and middle olasses have never ceded or assisted you yet , nor will they new unless you compel them . Remember there ia no mercy to be expeoted from a hungry wolf—dissemble as he may , he is a wolf still . In Seeking for the franchise , bear in ] mind that the Charter is your only hope ; it is your j sheet anchor in the storm ; nor will any other course of policy give you as certain a victory . It is enough for you to know that you are compelled to contribute taxes aud defend your country with your lives . It is enough for you to
know , that no matter whether it be a Tory or a Whig Government demands y » ur obedience , that the penalty is the same , and that you are the slaves of both . If you ara to . p : iy , you ought to know tot what , and to whom ; and if you are to Bhed your blood in defence of your country , you ought to have a voice ! in making the laws which bind you . If you are poor , you have a right to inquire the cause , aud when you know it to remedy it ; and if you cannot do bo , you should demand that your right be restored to you . As ! the producers of wealth , you have a tight te examine the aacounta of the nation and scrutiniza them as becomes you .
Irishmen , if you love liberty and would sea your country happy , you will set yourselves about the work of regeneration . You have seen the insincerity of the Whigs and Middle Classes . You fenow | the Tories are your enemies , therefore the work is , must be youb OWN . Imitate the example set you by the Chartists of Great Britain , and the bravo and invincible band of the Irish Universal Suflrflge Association . They are the true friends of Ireland , and opposed as they may be , they wiil ultimately prove the sayiours of your country . Rally , then , round their standard—it ia stamped with tbe ssgis of truth , and victory hovers over it . , Your obedient servant , ' ¦ ¦ Veritas .
Untitled Article
The Rev . Wight—It is no use to attempt it , you can read it after . Mr . Bowman—No , Sir , you are a parcel of usurpers—( "shame , " and "read it" ) Without the meeting elects its own Chairman , it is a tumultuous assembly . Mr . Wight—You have no right to interrupt the proceedings in this way . I shall Bend fot a constable and have order kept—( cheers and hisses . ) Mr . Bewman—I perceive there is a police officer here ; but I dare him to take me in charge . I don't want to create disturbance , bnt to exercise my right aa a eitfesn . On an understanding that Mr . Bowman and others should be heard , the proceedings were allowed to go on .
The Rev . Mr . Wight and several other speakers addressed the meetisg , strongly condemning tha Government measure , and declaring that sooner than have it as it now stands , we would be better withcat education afc all . They pointed out the educational clauses of the Bill , against which ihey moat bitterly inveighed , and . contended that they were well calculated to destroy Sunday schools , and f& 3 ter a spirit of discontent amongst Dissenters generally . One speaker denounced Dr . Hook , of Leeds , as being the framer of the Bill , while another threw all tbe responsibility on the Government . A Rev . Mr . Kitts ( Baptist minister ) made a most violent and rabid attack on the poor Catholics in respect to the 'indulgences' of thsir- church—( many persons in the meeting expressed in strong terms their disapprobation of such intolerant conduct . )
Mr . Bowman , —( appealing to tbe meeting )—Are we to have a tirade against Popery ?—( cries of " shame , " " go on , " and great confusion ) . After the variouB speakers ( called on by the Chairman , ) bad finished , Mr . Bowman made several attempts to speak , bnt was interrupted by the Chairman , who would not allow him to proceed , but commensed reading a synopsis of the Bill , Which occupied a considerable time ; after which he dissolved the meeting , though he and others were pledged to hear the other speakers , or they would not have been allowed to proceed . ' No words ean give a picture of the scene which now prevailed . Several persons attempting to speak at once , but the confusion and noise drowned their voices .
Mr . Wight—You must be orderly . I have taken care to have the Bill printed in such away , that no man has a right to speak without permission —( loud hooting . ) A Voice—These are the apostles ot Christianity 1 Mr . Hanson—I enter my solemn protest against the way in which this meeting has been conducted . The Chairman , or Mr . Wight—If the mooting does uot separate , I'll order the lights to be put out . The foregoing is a brief outline of what really took place , for the meeting lasted upwards of three hours . We have attended numerous public meetings , during periods of great popular excitement , when party feeling ran very high ; but we never witnessed , on tbe part of any faction , so overbearing , intolerant , and tyrannical a spirit as was displayed by these dissenting parsons on this occasion . Firstly , we have them
usurping the right of tbe people , in public meeting assembled , to choose their own chaixxcan . Secondly , we have them exhibiting a violent and intolerant spirit towards the poor Catholics . Thirdly , we have them , ( for the sake of being heard themselves ) , promising from the pulpit , that others should be heard after they were done ; and then desecrating the house of Gnd by refusing every one the privilege they had premised . Fourthly , we have them calling on the people to sign a petition , which they dared not lay before the meeting , because it soea for a rejection of the whole Government measure , and , as such , would bare . bean opposed . And , fifthly , hypocritically pretending to be the friends of the children of tbe poor , while' they would continue them in slavery and ignorance , by wholly opposing this measure for lessening infant labour in factories , and securing them education .
In consequeuce of these proceedings , the following placard was issued next morning : — , Public Meeting . —Intolerent , Ovebbeabing , and tyhannical conduct of ihe dlssentinq Preachers in Opposing the Factory Regulation and Education Bill . —In consequence of the tyrannical and overbearing conduct of the dissenting preachers , at the public meeting held in the Congregational Chapel , last night , in not allowing any one to speak but themselves , and in calling on the people to aign a petition which waa never submitted to the meeting , a public meeting will be held at the Market Cross this evening , at half-past seven o ' clock , to take into consideration the propriety ot petitioning Parliament on the ' Factory Regulation and Education B-H . ' " N . B . —The dissenting preachers are particularly invited to attend to discuss the subject . Tbe chairman will be chosen by the meeting . "
At the time called for the meeting , a considerable number of persons had assembled , but at the time of taking . the chair ( eight o'clock ) there would not he fewer than from 3 , 000 to 3 , 500 persons present . On the motion of Mr . Hanson , Mr . James Arthur waa called onto preside ; who , aftei reading the Bill calling the meeting , and making a few appropriate remarks , called on Mr . Bowman to move the first resolution . Mr . Bowman complained bitterly of the overbearing and tyrannical conduct of those Christian teachers who had exhibited on tbe former evening . He said while they headed their hand-bill " Religious Liberty , " they had most unfairly trampled upon tbe liberty ef the subject , by choosing their own chairman previous to the
meeting , and then not allowing any one to be heard but their own party , though they were pledged to hear all parties . Such conduct was not only hypocritical but tyrannous—it was , in short , a desecration of the house of God . These men had uttered the most violent tirades of abuse against the Church and the Catholics , and while they exposed the educational clauses of the Factory Bill , th ^ y had forgot all th # se good portions of the Bill which protected the poor factory child against that excess of toil to which it had been subjected , and shielded it from those dangers to which ifc had been most tnstrumentaUy exposed , by being compelled to clean machinery while in motion . Mr . Bowman , after some further remarks , moved the following resolution : —
«« That in tbe opinion of this meeting the Bill now before Parliament for the education of cbildxen em * ployed in factories , is not calculated to give to the rising generation a Bound , practical , and useful education , in consequence of the power of appointing Trustees being plaeed in the handa of the dominant Church party ; at the same time we approve of it as a means of affording education to thosu who would not otherwise receive it , thus giving them sn opportunity of entering the garden of knowledge and partaking of those salutary fruits which they would otherwise be deprived of . Yet this meeting bail this as a great remedial measure to the intense suffering and great exposure to personal . injury to which young persona employed in manufactories have hitherto been subjected and exposed , by lessening their hours of labour and protecting them against injuries likely to be inflicted upon them by cleaning machinery when in motion . "
This resolution was seconded by Mr . Carruthers , and carried unanimously . Mr . Hanson then came forward to move the adoption of a petition . He spoke at considerable length . The petition was seconded , and carried unanimously . The petition was ordered to bs signed by the chairman in behalf of the meeting , a » d forwarded to Sir James Graham for presentation to the House of Commons , accompanied . with a letter of explanation respecting its origin . We had almost forgot to mention that during the proceedings the Rev . Mr . Cnester , ( Methodist
preacher , ) mounted the cross stairs , and endeavoured to defend the conduct of himself and others at the former meeting ; but in this be most miserably and signally failed , as wad clear from tbe jeers and laughter of the meeting . He was patently heard throughout , though his observations were of a very rambling character , * indeed , maay are of opinion that he came there , not so much , for the sake of being beard , but for the purpose of exaspeeating the peopla . We are glad , bowever , that tha people by tbei ? forbearing conduct set him an example which we trust he will profit by ia future .
Untitled Article
0 *^ B ^^ m »> i » i i ' i' 11 ii Am X ) w , EANS journal states that a notary of that place ^ adjust fled ,-leaving a deficit of 500 , 000 francs , le ia supposed to have shaped his course towards England . Miny of the sufferers are industrious arlBaHBandagricuUuristSjWho had placed theirsayioga in bis handa . ¦ ' Advices Kaon Alexandria of the 8 th inst . state , that MehemeV All left Cairo on the 21 st nit . for Lower Egypt . He was to proceed thence to Alexandria , where he usually resides during the season , of th * Kamsia and the summer months . Ibraham and Said Pasha still continue in Lower India .
The highest number of people on the Paisley relief list was 14 , 791 ? this waa on the 11 th ; of November , 1842 . The nnmber on the list this' ( last ) week is 835 . The Relief Committee , at their meeting on Thursday last , came to the resolution that their distribution of provisions to tbe unemployed should cease on Saturday the 29 & haU
Untitled Article
^ ===== = ^__ THE NOBTHERN-jTAR . 7 ' ' ¦ .. ¦¦ - ¦ - ! . ' «¦¦¦¦¦ - < - — ii — - ¦ »^ -i —i '' i ' ¦ ' ¦ ii ii ' - . i ¦ »—w»^—w- ^— ' i—^— , , . . , 3 dlCMM > ji « il ^ fc
Untitled Article
Ebrata—At the beginning of this " Journal , " it waa Bet forth , that Mr . Pttkethly left home on the 10 th of January , 1843 . This was an error . It should have been January 10 th , 1842 .
Mr . Pitkethly also desires us to say that it is utterly out of his power to answer the numerous personal applications made to him by letter , and otherwise from parties who Eontemplate emigrating , and who thus setk for advice . His business avocations forbid it Were he to devote the whole of bis time to that purpose , It would be barely sufficient ; while all tbe information he possesses will be freely communicated to all through the Star . One thing he most strongly advises : that all who can , will suspend their arrangements for departure , till
they have seen the developement of a new scheme of Emigrant Colonisation , which will follow in due course of this publication : for by it , he belives , great suffering and much disappointment may be averted , and much general and individual good secured . In connection with this subject of Emigration to the States , we have received the following letter from one whose name is well known throughout both Lancashire and Yorkshire . It will be read with Interest , and impart some useful information . New York , April 6 th , 1843 . iWittt vnTwrc * * - \ -n mrr n -vmt * «* t ««**«*«
***** **** . TO THB EDITOX OF THE NOBTHEBN STAB . Sm , —As the tide of Emigration is about to set in here , a few observations npon the state of the . country may not be useless . Large numbers come hero almost pennyless when they land ; and , as a matter of coarse , the labour market in the vicinity of the huge towns becomes glutted . There is scarcely a cotton mill that has not been inundated with workmen ; and the oonse quenve is it has caused a material reduction in vxtges In connection with this , daily improvements are being made in the machinery , such as " double decking" and " self-acting ; this , too , has thrown numbers out of employment ; so that factories here are little better than those in England ; and , upon the whole , people employed in them do worse than any
other trade . Still the general advantages over England are great Land is cheap , provisions are cheap , and , apart from the large towns , fuel is moderate . Farmers with small capital , do better than at home ; and so do mechanca , such as carpenters , painters , smiths , and labourers . Thousands have landed in New York , who have returned t » England in a few weeks , giving , no doubt , very distressing accounts of the country ; they having passed , perhaps , the whole of their time in the city where they landed- Persons of small capital and industrious habits , who are struggling with the depression tbat has taken place in trade in England , may better their fortunes considerably by emigrating to the Western States , say Michigan , Illinois , Ohio , Tennessee , and buying a small farm , putting up themselves » house , in which they are assisted by their neighbours , and obtaining employment at their trade , or assisting their neighbours in getting in their crops , for the first year till they are settled . The land
increases in value every year , » the- place becomes more populous : and only think . Sir , of the contrast ( a man here by doing so , may secure a permanent independence for his offspring ; whilst in England be tolla all his Ufa for a scanty subsistence , and his landlord ' s rent . Still I do not advise any poor tava to break up bis house and home , if he is earning a living , to procure a passage here . If he has not the means to carry him further ; for as I have already Btated , this causes the large towns to be over-run with men seeking work . And when they see others similarly situated , they tire ; and , as a last resource , try to get home again . It may sot be uninteresting to my brother Chartists to learn how their labours to obtain their just rights are looked upon is this country . In the first place , the two factions . Whig and Democrat , have been bard at work abusing each other for some time past , which fens left them very little time to attend to the sufferings of tbe brava Chartists on the other side of the Atlantic . But
the news ef your brave and manly condnct during tbe last straggle baa caused them to look more closely into tbe cause why the industrious sons of Britain should be thus deprived of tbe only means of relieving themselves from their present degraded petition , namely , tbe choosing of their representatives in Parliament ; and they are now expressing themselves in language plain enough to be understood , that the cause of Chartism in England U the cause of justice and troth . I have no doubt the time is not far distant when pmbllc opinion will be aroused in this country , and some steps taken to express their sympathy for their suffering brethren .
By the way , it would be as well to remind Emigrants coming over to this country , that they wiil find a whole host of locusts ready to prey npon them tbe moment they land , in the shape of boarding bouse keepers , and steam boat agents . Hundreds of poor men upon landing here have been plundered by these men in the most shameful manner : as for instance , they will promise to board them for a certain sum , then get possession of their luggage ; the "unfortunate dupe , npon calling for his bill , finds it to amount to three or four times the sum he agreed for . But he has no alternative . Be must either pay or lose his luggage . Against these sharks it behoves the emigrant to be on his guard .
Trusting that the unfortunate victims of Wbiggism and Toryism will soon be | restored to the besom of their families , I beg to subscribe myself , Yours in the cause of democracy , William Buttebwobth .
Untitled Article
TO THE MEMBERS OF THE REPEAL ASSOCIATION OF IRELAND , Ibishmbn , —I have stated that the various suffrages which were proposed for the adoption of the people were not calculated to repeal the " Union , " or " strike the blow" which is to set tbe " bondsmen free . " We ' bave seen that the document of the People ' s Chatter was introduced as the only safe and certain remedy for political grievances , at least so thought the framera of that document , ( among whom waa O'Connell . ) and so the people have evor believed it to be . It is plain that if consistency of principle is necessary in public men , or parties , itia equally necessary as regards the Charter . If a man or set of men adopt a principle which has for its object the amelioration of their condition , it is only
reasonable they should give such principle a fair trial before they either condemn , or introduce others in its stead . The question which follows is , was the principle of Universal Suffrage given a fair trial before it was attempted to be ejeeted from tbe document of whieh it was a portion ? / If net , it was unfair to condemn it before it had failed as a measure . When we look at the present state of society , and behold the people crushed beneath an enormous load of taxation to support an overgrown and corrupt system of Government , we cannot but admit tbe necessity of applying some efficient remedy for the abuse , and , like skilful physicians , treat the malady in its proper arid safest way . It unfortunately happens that there are as many ( if not more ) political , as physical quacks , who ignorantly and recklessly presume to administer nostrum after nostrum , regardless of the result , so long as they can pocket the fee , and dispose of their pills . One quack bleeds , another blisters , and a third leeches his patients ,
until at lengtk , betwixt physicking and Blopa , the Wretched sufferers are reduced to a condition ten times worse than before they submitted to be quacked . In political illness , we have quacks of all shades of colours , from the ultra Tory to the ultra Reformer , who aspires to the establishment of a New Moral World of bis own . The Reform quacks , who would improve the condition of the working classes , are , however , the most arrant knaves in existence , nor can they be otherwise , when we remember the final measure of Lord John Russell ; his dose was indeed a pill , but still incapable ot eradicating the symptoms of unsound and corrupt legislation . The quacks of this order are the more dangerous , as they seldom hold the same opinion , er pursue the same practice , for any length of time . The medicines they would apply , in one case , ; externally , are often applied internally , and hence we have naked backs in the streets , and hungry stomachs in the bastiles .
One knowing one says the people Ought to be educated before they should be entrusted with the suffrage . To this numbers of would-be friends of the people assent ; now , I cannot deny that were the people in possession of sound moral and political knowledge they would soon obtain influence and power ; bnt I am at a loss to know bow the people are to be educated in erdor to be qualified ? Of a certainty there is but little hope from the Government ; they know that knowledge is power , and consequently they never will educate tha people as long as they can avoid it ; we have had a
striking proof of this in the fact of £ 70 . 000 being voted for her Majesty ' s atables , whilst £ 38 , 000 waa voted for tha purposes of National education . Talk of educating tbe people before you would give them the suffrage after that— 'tis mou 8 tr « us ! as it is evident if education is to be procured for money , tbe horses of her Majesty would have the suffrage sooner than the people . The people themselves are too poor and oppressed to afford the means , and what is worse , mother church , with all her knowledge and inspiration , is not a charitable school mistress .
The " lower orders , " says another , are very ignorant , and if they had the suffrage , they would not know what to do with it ; we should have the " rabble " doing this and doing that , and there would be nothing but confusion . Bat , I would ask , are all the men who possess the franchise educated , or morally better in their character , than the non-electors ? If bo , where ate the proofs ? If education were to be the test of qualiflcat'on , very many , now holding tbe elective privilege , wonld be immediately struck off the list of voters ; indeed , I might safely say , there are many thowands of the present electors , who are perfectly ignorant of every thing save crouching servility to their patrons and
landlords . But it is absolutely necessary , says another , to enlighten the people before you would give them the franchise . Bnt I would refer this quack to the proceedings of tbe late session of Parliament , and then say if the lower orders of any country ia the world cut bo contemptible a figure as did the representatives of tbe present enlightened (?) electors . But I forget , it is not an educational suffrage , those bribe-loving , venal , favoured ones , possess . No , it is a household , or brick and mortar qualification . The present House of Commons owe their elevation not to the voice or reason of the people , but to the agency of inanimate matter , or household qualification .
Talk oi morality if you please , but shew me , if you can , where is tbe morality er tbe justice in such a state of things . Almost in every town of the empire there are numbers of houses which are dens of prostitution and infamy , receptacles for . highwaymen and midnight assassins , tbe occupiers of those houses have a qualification , but the working man who rents a cottage for a sum less than is required by law , has no vote , although he is a better and more useful member of society than his infamous neighbour . If a man rents a bouse for the special purpose of letting it out in lodgings , be is qualified to have a vote , whilst the party paying him e , profit rent is disenfranchised . A , pays £ 26 r < mt for a house , B pays him £ 30 for furnished lodgings , whilst A has a voice in making the law which keeps the monopoly in his own bands , and B , although he pays , must submit to be bunhened with A ' a taxes . Or a landlord
has a number of Bmall houses on bis estate , and to secure his return to Parliament he adds a pig house , a fowl house , er a few loads of stones and mot tar to make them of the nominal value cf £ 10 . But we will give yoa Lodger Suffrage , say the friends of cheap Government , but why not give the poor man a vote , Bays the advocate of tbe Charter ? He not only builds your houses but produces tha wealth which yon expend on them ; and whether ia he , or the bricks , more eligible as electors ? According to the principle of Household Suffrage , it is the houea and not the man that possesses the vote , for suppose a man had a house to-day through which he was qualified , and that that honse was by any accident destroyed , where wonld be his qualification then 1 It is plain then that if we bad no houses we could have no 'Members of Parliament b » t as we cannot live without houses , we must endeavour to reduce them to their proper , and obvious uaea .
It cannot be a free country where the producers of wealth ase denied & jus * j protection for their labour . Ia a healthy state of society tbe working classes should be independent of tKe capitalists , for it h a simple truth , that causa sad . effect should be co-equal ; there * tore , if labour produces wealth , labour is the principal ; and if that wealth be again employed to produce : labour it ought to strengthen the mntual dependence of labour and capital upo \ i each other . < Where this protection is denied to labour , and when laws are made for tbe protection of capital only , the working classes must naturally "be oppressed . It is the duty ot a people to protect themselves ; and It is justice to admit their claim to have a voice in making the lawa which contribute to their happiness or misery . Thus , in the preae- ' at caBe , the working classes are , through the in-Suence of class-made laws , ' which uphold the interests of the capitalists , aid opposed to the sights of labour ,
Untitled Article
CAB , X . XSX ^ 2 . INTOLERANCE OF DISSENT . —PUBLIC MEETINGJDO PETITION PARLIAMENT AGAINST THE FACTORIES' REGULATION AND EDUCATIONAL BILL . Oa Tuesday evening , the 18 th inst , a public meeting was called in the Congregational Chapel , Lowtherstreet , for the above purpose . A great number of the working classes were present on tbe occasion , evidently taking a deep interest in the proceedings against this
measure of the Government , more especially as it was understood that the Dissenters were for a total rejection of the whole measure , without any regard to its improvement . At the hour appointed , the Chapel was about half filled , but the numbers soon began to increase , and before the close we should think there would not be fewer than from five to six hundred persons present . The meeting was opened hy prayer , s > fitt which a Rev . Mr . Wilson came forward as chairman , and was about to proceed , when Mr . Bowman came ' forward and eaid— , !
Am I to understand , sir , that yon are chairman ? If so , I object , unless you are chosen in a regular way . Thia la a public meeting—( oheerH and biases . ) The Chairman—I will not leave the chair . Mr . Bowman—There has been no chairman chosen . — ( hear , hear , and hissing . ) ¦ A Voice^—We can't hear Mr . Bowman . ; Mr . BoWman—According to tbe law of public meetings , the ' chairman ought to be chosen by the meeting—( confusion . ) I don't know Mr . Wilson atiall , but I do say , to publish a handbill calling a public meeting , and that bill beaded " Religious Liberty , " and then to choose the Chairman privately ere the meeting assembled , is trampling on the liberty of the subject . If . the meeting chooses Mr . Wilson I have no objection—( Go on , and hisses . ) 1
The Chairman—As the announcement was made on the placard that I was to take tbe chair , and as the meeting was called for a specific object , no one has a right to interfere with the arrangements . ; The object we have in view is a truly Christian and philanthropic one , to secure the preservation of our religious rights and liberties . We feel for the children jef the poor , and are assured that the objects we aim at are calculated to promote their interests . Mr . Bowman—You bad better take a fair and reasonable course , and appoint a chainrfanJ ( A voice" it is done . " ) Then you bave assumed a power you had no right to possess . ( Hear , hear , and uproar . ) I say you are greater tyrants than the Government of whom yon are complaining . j Tbe Chairman—I beg , sir , you will not interrupt us in this way ; we come here for an honest and conscientious purpose .
Mr . Bowman—I much question your honesty , when you are thus trampling on the liberty of the subject . \ The Chairman attempted to speak , but the noise was so great thai he could not be heard . Mr . Bowman—I will read you , the law of public meetings . ( Noise . ) This is religious liberty ! ( Hiases and cries of read it ) You bad far better take my way , because it is an honest way . j The Rev . Mr . Wight—We have a right , ft . Mr . Bowman —( amidst great noise )— It ] is a pttbJie meeting , and it must appoint its own chairman-A voice— " Put him out , " and greao uproar . Mr . Bowman—Aye , you may do as > yoa bke , but ; The Chairman—When we are- done , you caa say what yon have to say . ( Applause and hooting . ) A voice—Well bave our own chairman , j
The Rev . Mr . Wight—In calling this meeting we took particular care to know vðer we wieie right or wrong , or doing every thing according to law , and being well aware that it was a common custom to interrupt meetings , we did e ^ wy thing we could to prevent anything taking plaea on the present occasion . We called the meeting on our own responsibility ; we appointed a chairman , and no o&o has a right to come and complain ef it ( Hooting , \ noise , and cheers . ) 1 Mr . Bowman—Then you ought not to have called a public meeting . . lacard
Mr . Wight—We called this meeting by p , which specified ita object , and announced who waa to be in the chair , and not-all the men in Britain have a right to find fault with it . ( Hooting and { . cheers . * I wish it to be distinctly understood , that , as minister of this chapel , I mean to claim the protection of the law , \ Loud disapprobation and applause . )] tt is not from any feeling of hostility towards such { persons as Mr . Bowman—( ohJ obi from Mr . Bowman )—that I refuse to hear him . X am myself a member of the Complete Suffrage Association ,-- ( a voice—then why do you not elect a chairman by Universal Suffrage , )—bat I would be the first man to denounce , in the strongest terms , men who come to such meetings as this for the purpose of interrupting the business . Holding these opinions , I can go on with clean hands . I will claim the protection of the law . j
Mr . Bowman—Then I will read yon the law . ( Cheers and hiBsea . ) Oh ! I will not be put down > I will read yon the law . j iu * . Arthur—Allow Mr . Bowman to read the law . Mr . Bowman , amidst great uproar , attempted to read from a book . He began , < according to Usage '—( cries of put him down , " ana « shame , " mingled with « ties of " go on . " ) :
Untitled Article
The Working Men's Mshtal Improvement Society . —The members of this society and a number of friends spant a social eveniag together on Monday * the 17 th insiant , on which oceaslon several excellent speeches were made on . a variety of subjects . PhuenawMesmerism . —We noticed last week two lectures oa this subject , whieh were delivered by Mr . Adair , oi the Sheffield Phrenological Society , in the lecture zoom of tbe Atbei . seuni . Since then the same gentleman has given experiments ' in this science , on four different occasions in tbe same place ; afid with
very great success , both as regards the numbers in attendance , and the accurate results which he baa established . Mr . Adair has succeeded in mesmerising several persons belonging to the town , and when in that state , has operated upon the various organs with singular and convincing effect ; indeed vie know several of the parties , and nave no hesitation in saving that they are above suspicion ; and would be amongst the last men in Carlisle to lend . themselves for any dishonest purpose , much less to act in collusion With , •» stranger to deceive and cajole their fellow-townsmen .
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), April 29, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct800/page/7/
-